10-9-07 Heriditary Renal Disease
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10-8-08 Kidney and Upper Urinary Tract Diseases
Hematuria
• Hematuria – presence of 3 or more RBCs per high-power-field in urine
• Dipstick – a screening test only for hematuria (sensitive, not specific), needs microscopy confirmation
• Use – hematuria is a starting point for clinical evaluation & differential Dx of GU disease
• Gross Hematuria – more clinically significant finding than microscopic, further Dx:
o Initial gross hematuria – implies source is urethra
o Terminal gross hematuria – implies source is from bladder neck/prostate
o Total gross hematuria – implies inferior to bladder, or upper urinary tract
o Red, but dipstick (-) – consider dyes: phenolphthalein, rhodamine B, etc.
• Contamination – if squamous cells present, means some skin rubbed off into urine cup ( need catheter
Urine Examination for GU Disease
• Dipstick (+) but no RBCs – may mean RBC lysis, or just false positive
• Pyuria/bacteruria – means probable GU infection
• Proteinurea – ................
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