Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Reading Essentials

and Study Guide

Student Workbook

To the Student

The Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, and You Reading Essentials and Study Guide is designed

to help you use recognized reading strategies to improve your reading-for-information skills.

For each section of the student textbook, you are alerted to key terms, asked to draw from

prior knowledge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and then follow a

process to read and understand the text. The Reading Essentials and Study Guide was prepared

to help you get more from your textbook by reading with a purpose.

Copyright ? by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to

reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only

for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used

solely in conjunction with Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, and You. Any other reproduction,

for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission from the publisher.

Send all inquiries to:

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

8787 Orion Place

Columbus, OH 43240

ISBN 0-07-860532-6

Printed in the United States of America

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047

09 08 07 06 05 04 03

Contents

Chapter 1

Section 1: Government of the People, by the People, for the People ...................1

Section 2: The Path to Citizenship ...................................................................6

Section 3: The Diversity of Americans..............................................................9

Chapter 2

Section 1: Our English Heritage ....................................................................13

Section 2: The Birth of a Democratic Nation ...................................................17

Section 3: The Nation¡¯s First Governments .....................................................21

Chapter 3

Section 1: The Road to the Constitution .........................................................25

Section 2: Creating and Ratifying the Constitution...........................................28

Section 3: The Structure of the Constitution ...................................................32

Section 4: Principles Underlying the Constitution ............................................36

Chapter 4

Section 1: The First Amendment ...................................................................41

Section 2: Other Guarantees in the Bill of Rights ............................................44

Section 3: Extending the Bill of Rights ...........................................................48

Section 4: The Civil Rights Struggle ...............................................................51

Chapter 5

Section 1: The Duties and Responsibilities of Citizenship .................................54

Section 2: Volunteering in Your Community ...................................................58

Chapter 6

Section 1: How Congress Is Organized ...........................................................62

Section 2: The Powers of Congress................................................................67

Section 3: Representing the People ...............................................................71

Section 4: How a Bill Becomes a Law ............................................................75

Chapter 7

Section 1: The President and Vice President ...................................................79

Section 2: The President¡¯s Job ......................................................................83

Section 3: Making Foreign Policy ..................................................................86

Section 4: Presidential Advisers and Executive Agencies ..................................89

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Chapter 8

Section 1: The Federal Court System..............................................................94

Section 2: How Federal Courts Are Organized ................................................97

Section 3: The United States Supreme Court.................................................101

Section 4: Deciding Cases at the Supreme Court ...........................................105

Chapter 9

Section 1: Development of American Political Parties ....................................109

Section 2: Organization of American Political Parties ....................................114

Section 3: Role of Political Parties Today .....................................................117

Chapter 10

Section 1: Who Can Vote? ..........................................................................121

Section 2: Election Campaigns ....................................................................125

Section 3: Paying for Election Campaigns.....................................................128

Chapter 11

Section 1: Public Opinion ...........................................................................132

Section 2: The Mass Media.........................................................................136

Section 3: Interest Groups ..........................................................................140

Chapter 12

Section 1: The Federal System ....................................................................145

Section 2: The State Legislative Branch ........................................................149

Section 3: The State Executive Branch..........................................................153

Section 4: The State Judicial Branch ............................................................156

Chapter 13

Section 1: City Government ........................................................................159

Section 2: County Governments ..................................................................164

Section 3: Towns, Townships, and Villages ...................................................167

Chapter 14

Section 1: How a Community Handles Issues................................................170

Section 2: Education and Social Issues .........................................................173

Section 3: Environmental Issues..................................................................178

Chapter 15

Section 1: The Sources of Our Laws.............................................................182

Section 2: Types of Laws ............................................................................185

Section 3: The American Legal System .........................................................188

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Chapter 16

Section 1: Civil Cases.................................................................................193

Section 2: Criminal Cases ...........................................................................197

Section 3: Young People and the Courts.......................................................202

Chapter 17

Section 1: Civic Participation ......................................................................206

Section 2: Challenges for Democracy ...........................................................209

Section 3: Regulating the Internet ...............................................................212

Chapter 18

Section 1: The Fundamental Economic Problem ............................................216

Section 2: Making Economic Decisions.........................................................219

Section 3: Being an Economically Smart Citizen ............................................223

Chapter 19

Section 1: Economic Resources ...................................................................226

Section 2: Economic Activity and Productivity...............................................229

Section 3: Capitalism and Free Enterprise ....................................................232

Section 4: The Economy and You ................................................................236

Chapter 20

Section 1: What Is Demand?.......................................................................240

Section 2: Factors Affecting Demand............................................................243

Chapter 21

Section 1: What Is Supply? .........................................................................247

Section 2: Factors Affecting Supply..............................................................250

Section 3: Markets and Prices.....................................................................253

Chapter 22

Section 1: Types of Businesses....................................................................256

Section 2: Labor Unions .............................................................................261

Section 3: Businesses in Our Economy.........................................................265

Chapter 23

Section 1: The Role of Government .............................................................268

Section 2: Measuring the Economy..............................................................272

Section 3: Government, the Economy, and You .............................................277

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