Chapter 12 Test



Review with Answers Chapter 8

8.1

preamble - introduction to a declaration, constitution, or official document

domestic tranquility - peace and order at home (from the Preamble)

civilian - nonmilitary

general welfare - well-being of all the citizens of a nation (from the Preamble)

liberty - freedom

Articles - main body of the Constitution that establishes framework for the US government

popular sovereignty - principle of the US Constitution that states the people

have a right to create, alter, and abolish their gov’t

limited government - principle of the US Constitution that states the gov’t

has only the powers that the Constitution gives it

checks and balances - principle of the US Constitution that safeguards against abuse of power by

giving each branch of gov’t the power to check the other branches

federalism - principle of the US Constitution that establishes the division

of power between the federal gov’t and the states

pardon – the excusing of an offense without exacting a penalty

pledge – to hold by a binding promise or agreement

uniform – having always the same form, manner, or degree

prevail – triumph! to win

interpret – to explain the meaning of

agenda – a list of things to be considered or accomplished

overlap – to extend over; to have something in common

commemorate – to mark by some ceremony or observation

initiative – a procedure enabling voters to propose a law by petition and

to secure its submission to the legislature for approval

8.2

House of Representatives - largest of the two bodies that make up the legislative

branch; representation is based upon population

Senate - smallest of the two bodies that make up the legislative branch;

representation is based on equal representation; 2 for each state

bill - proposed law

electoral college - group of electors from every state that meet every four years to

elect the President and Vice President

Supreme Court - highest court in the US established by the Constitution

appeal - to ask that a court decision be reviewed by a higher court

unconstitutional - not allowed under the Constitution

veto - reject a proposed law from Congress or the Senate

override - to overrule, as when Congress overrules a Presidential veto

impeach - to bring charges of serious wrongdoing against a public official

conscription - compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces

complex – having more than one part or complicated

infringed – interfere with or put limits on

excessive – going beyond what is necessary or normal

reserved – set aside or held separately

servitude – a condition in which one lacks liberties

8.3

First Amendment – amendment that safeguards basic individual liberties

including freedom of religion, speech, and the press

Second Amendment – amendment that relates to the right to bear arms

incriminate – to give evidence against

civil – lawsuit involving the private rights of individuals, as opposed to criminal

Civil War Amendments – 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments abolishing slavery, guaranteed citizenship

to former slaves, and gave African American men the right to vote

Nineteenth Amendment – guarantee to US women, in 1920, the right to vote

Twenty-sixth Amendment – amendment that lowered the minimum voting age from 21 to 18

pen name – factious name used by an author

compelled - forced

subsequent – following in time, order, or place

habeas corpus – the idea that no person could be held in prison without first being charged

with a specific crime

endorse – to express support or approval of

free enterprise – freedom of private business to organize and operate for profit in a

competitive system without interference from government

contract – binding agreement between two or more people

pen name – factious name used by an author

subsequent – following in time, order, or place

pardon – the excusing of an offense without exacting a penalty

8.4

constitutional initiative - process by which citizens can petition for amendments to

their state constitution

infrastructure - system of roads, bridges, and tunnels

local government - government of the county, parish, city, town, or district level

confirm – to give approval to

connections – the political, the social, and/or the professional relationships people have

informed – knowledgeable regarding a topic

length – a degree to which something is carried out

ignorant – uneducated or unaware

avert – to avoid

revise – to change

endorse – to express support or approval of

free enterprise – freedom of private business to organize and operate for profit in a competitive

system without interference from government

contract – binding agreement between two or more people

8.5

citizen - person who owes loyalty to a particular nation and is entitled to all its rights and protections

naturalize - to complete the official process for becoming a citizen

immigrant - person who enters another country in order to settle there

resident alien - noncitizen living in the country

civic virtue - the willingness to work for the good of the nation or community even at great sacrifice

patriotism - feeling of love and devotion toward one’s country

jury duty - the responsibility of every citizen to serve on a jury when called

confederation – group created for mutual support or common action

resolve – to deal with something successfully

ordinance – a law set forth by a government authority

1. List the powers and lack of powers to describe the Articles of Confederation

A. did not have power to regulate trade between states

B. did not have not one person in power to execute the laws

C. did have power to pass laws with 9 of the 13 states’ approval

D. could not coin money

2. What is the process to amend the US Constitution ?

A. proposed by Congress with a 2/3 vote in both House

B. ratified by the Legislatures of 3/4 of the States

3. What is the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ?

Freedoms of – religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly, and petition

4. Which Amendments granted civil rights primarily to African Americans ? 13th, 14th and 15th

5. Describe the unique parts of the Virginia Plan.

Wanted all congressmen to be based on population

6. Describe the unique parts of the New Jersey.

Wanted all congressmen to be awarded equally by state

7. Why was the Bill of Rights added to the U.S. Constitution ? protect individual rights

8. List the major Federalist that supported the Constitution.

Ben Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

9. List the major Anti-Federalist that did not support the Constitution. George Mason,

10. Why didn’t the Anti-Federalist support the Constitution ?

Lacked the individual citizens’ written rights

11. What are the requirements to serve in the Executive Branch ?

1. US resident for 14 years

2. at least 35 years of age

3. natural born citizen

12. Which principle of the US Constitution states each branch of the government can limit the

power of the other two ? checks and balances

13. Describe the examples taken from the Romans when writing the US Constitution.

A. public service to citizens

B. independence for all individuals

C. devotion to the republic

14. List the Preamble goals of the United States Constitution ?

1. establish justice 2. promote general welfare

3. insure domestic tranquility 4. provide for the common defense

5. secure the blessings of liberty 6. form a more perfect

15. List the powers of Congress…

1. make the nation’s laws 2. collect taxes

3. borrow money 4. coin money

5. impeach the President 6. declare war

16. What major event happened in America as a result of and at the end of the Revolution ?

A. Farm goods dropped in value and demand,

B. Farmers revolted the increased taxes

C. an economic depression hit the new United States

17. How does the Supreme Court check the power of the Legislative Branch ?

declaring a law unconstitutional

18. What was a major concern for the Anti-Federalists regarding the Executive Branch ?

The President could become to powerful, like King George III

19. What is the term for the House of Representatives ? _________2 years

20. Describe what Article VI means when it states, “Supreme Law of the Land” ?

A. Above all other laws

B. established the power of the Federal Government

21. What is the term for a Senator ? _____________6 years

22. What is required to propose an amendment to the US Constitution ?

support of two thirds of both the House and the Senate

23. List the 3 major components of the 1689, English Bill of Rights…

A. regular Parliamentary elections

B. right to bear arms

C. right of habeas corpus

24. What do the 14th, 15th, 19th, and 26th Amendments have in common ?

voting rights

25. What is the majority reason for the Amendment of the US Constitution ?

to reflect the views and believes of the majorit

List examples. 14th, 15th , 19th, 26th

26. What services do state and local governments have in common ?

provide law enforcement and education services

27. What is the main difference between the state constitution and US Constitution ?

State constitution is longer and contains more details

28. What are the 5 responsibilities of citizenship ?

1. vote 2. obey the law

3. serve on jury 4. serve the community / volunteering

5. be informed

29. Which of the grievance against England listed in the Declaration of Independence was later

addressed in the Bill of Rights ? trial by jury

30. Which principle of the Constitution states that citizens will elect representatives to carry out their will ? Republicanism

31. List the main services provided by state governments ?

1. Law enforcement

2. Supervise public education

3. Provide public health and welfare programs

4. License professionals (doctors, nurses, lawyers)

32. What are the 3 main parts to the US Constitution ? Preamble, Articles and Amendments (PAA)

33. List the powers the US Constitution gives to the Executive Branch ?

call special sessions of Congress, direct foreign policy, grant pardons

34. Why did the framers of the Constitution add the system of checks and balances ? to prevent the rise of an all-powerful leader

35. How did later amendments expand democratic rights ?

they gave more US citizens the right to vote

36. How is the State Constitutions similar to the National Constitution ?

both have three branches, a preamble, and a bill of rights

37. What makes a person a citizen of the United States ?

1. you were born in the US

2. you have been naturalized

3. you were 18 or younger when your parents were naturalized

38. How is the Judicial branch court system organized ?

District, Appellate, Supreme (DAS)

39. List the 7 Principles of American Government…

1. Popular Sovereignty

2. Limited Government

3. Separation of Powers

4. Checks and Balances

5. Federalism

6. Republicanism

7. Individual Rights

40. Judicial Branch - _____interprets_______ the laws

41. Legislative Branch - ____makes__________ the laws

42. Executive Branch - _____carries out______ the laws

43. List the seven (7) Articles of the Constitution…

1. Legislative Branch

2. Executive Branch

3. Judicial Branch

4. Relations between states/system for admitting new states

5. Process to amend Constitution

6. States’ laws cannot violate Constitution

7. Procedure for states to ratify constitution

44. Name the two Presidents that have been impeached…

1.___Andrew Johnson___________________________________________

2. ____Bill Clinton_______________________________________________

45. Name the 1st African American woman to serve in the US Congress from Texas

______Barbara Jordan________________________________________

46. How many amendments have been made to the US Constitution ? __27_____

47. How many members sit on the Supreme Court ? ____9________

48. What system is used for electing the President ? __Electoral College_____

(49. List the Constitutional Leaders that was least satisfied with the ‘writings’ of the

US Constitution in September of 1787…

George Mason, Randolph, Gerry

(50. The text stated that our Founders admired the Romans because the Romans had successfully

built a Republic.

What are the virtues of the Roman ideas that the Founding Fathers admired ?

a. public service to citizens

b. independence for all individuals

c. devotion to the republic

(51. How does the Constitution reflect the principles of check and balances ?

it states that each branch of government can limit the power of the other two

(52. Why did the Anti-Federalists fear ‘too much’ power resting with the central government ?

Executive Branch could become tyrannical in their decisions

(53. Why was Article VI, which declared that the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land,

so important ? It established the power of the federal government

(54. Why has the United States Constitution been amended ?

to reflect the views and believes of the majority

(55. List examples of what middle school age students should do to be good US citizens ?

a. participate in a book study in the schools’ library

b. join student council

c. work hard to learn

(56. What was the major strength of the Articles of Confederation {AOC} ?

gave states freedom to make legal decisions

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