DIVE! DIVE! THE HISTORY AND ... - United States Navy

DIVE! DIVE! THE HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY OF

SUBMARINES

A curriculum guide for 5th grade

Developed by the Education Department of the National Museum of the United States Navy

Washington Navy Yard, D.C. history.navy.mil

DIVE! DIVE! THE HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY OF SUBMARINES

1. Teachers Welcome ............................................................... 1

2. Activities .......................................................................... 3

a. Does it Sink or Float? .................................................. 3 b. DIVE! DIVE! ........................................................... 9 c. Signal Flags! ............................................................ 26 d. Additional Activities .................................................. 32

3. Writing a friendly letter ......................................................... 41

4. Photos!.............................................................................. 42

a. Photo Release Form...................................................... 43

5. Supplemental Materials .......................................................... 44 a. Signal Flags What do those flags mean? ............................. 44 b. Signal Flag Reference sheet ............................................ 45 c. National Standards of Learning ....................................... 46

6. Program Survey................................................................... 47

7. Return information............................................................... 48

DIVE! DIVE! TEACHERS WELCOME

Teachers,

Thank you for choosing to use the DIVE! DIVE! educational program from the U.S. Navy Museum's Field Trip in a Box collection as part of your curriculum. Valuable information can be gained from visiting museums and participating in their activities, but sometimes it is not possible to visit the actual museum site. In those instances we have decided to bring the museum to you!

Dive! Dive! is a program designed for 5th graders to learn the history and some of the technology behind submarines. Throughout this lesson students will:

? Learn what makes a ship float ? Why submarines can float and sink ? How submarine technology has changed over the past 200 years ? Key improvements to submarine design, and the people who made them

Officially, submarines have been a part of the U.S Navy since 1900, and there have been many different types and classes of submarines. This lesson focuses upon three specific submarines for their historical significance and technological advancement, Turtle, Hunley and Holland, and more broadly talk about diesel and nuclear submarines (with specific subs used as examples.) The modern Navy has several different classes of submarines, and if there is a specific boat or class that especially interests you or your class, please feel free to discuss them. More information on all of the currently deployed submarines can be found at navy.mil. Also, for more indepth information about historic submarines please visit the Naval History and Heritage Command's website, history.navy.mil.

All the parts of the lesson are designed to introduce your students to the concepts of buoyancy, density and history of submarines. If constrained by time, the main lesson is DIVE! DIVE! (activity 2) and can be done on its own. We highly encourage doing the Does it Sink or Float? prior to DIVE! DIVE! so your students can have a hands on look at how a submarine operates. The additional activities are optional, but included to give your students a more in depth look at the concepts, and can be used in centers, science projects or as optional homework assignments.

Materials included in your kit:

? Teacher's curriculum guide ? Photo cards for Activities 2-3 ? Modeling Clay ? Plastic Basin ? Plastic container with lid ? Drinking straws ? Pipettes

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DIVE! DIVE! TEACHERS WELCOME

? Hex nuts ? Signal Flag memory deck ? 5x7 Signal Flag cards ? Activity Sheets Items you will need to provide: ? Collection of things composed of various materials to test for floating ? Empty soda can ? 16 oz water bottles with lids (one per student) ? Scissors ? Masking tape ? Permanent marker ? Buckets or cups for water (or you may use the plastic basin) ? Markers/colored pencils ? LEGOS

We hope you enjoy this experience and that your students enjoy learning about the U.S. Navy!

-The U.S. Navy Museum Education Department

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DIVE! DIVE! DOES IT SINK OR FLOAT?

Before the students begin exploring the history of submarines, they must first understand what makes a submarine unique from regular surface ships. In this activity they will learn how things float, and what submarines must overcome to dive.

Background information for instructor:

Why do objects either sink or float?

An object sinks or floats depending on its density in comparison to the density of the liquid it is in. If an object is placed in water, and it is denser than the water, it will sink (negative buoyancy); if it is less dense it will float (positive buoyancy).

What is density?

Density is the degree of compactness of a substance (how packed together the atoms of an element are). To determine density, one calculates the Mass/Volume. That is why different objects of the same mass of weight can have differing densities. For example, 100 lbs of feathers will have a much lower density than 100lbs of bricks (the feathers take up more space than bricks).

What is buoyancy?

Buoyancy is the upward force on an object that is produced by the surrounding liquid in which it is fully or partially immersed due to the pressure difference of the fluid between the top and bottom of the object.

When an object is immersed in water, its bulk pushes some water aside (displacement). The water pushes back exerting a force called upward buoyancy force, or upthrust. When the net upthrust is equal to the amount of fluid displaced by the object, it will float. If the mass of an object and subsequent density is more than the resulting upthrust, it will sink.

Then why can a ship float?

A ship stays afloat because its weight is equal to that of the water it displaces. The material of the ship itself may be heavier than water (per volume), but it forms only the outer layer. Inside it is air, which is negligible in weight, but it does add to the volume. (Remember Density= Mass/Volume) The mass of the ship (plus contents) as a whole has to be divided by the volume below the waterline. If the ship floats, then that is equal to the density of water (1 kg/l). If weight is added to the ship, the volume below the waterline will have to increase too, to keep the mass/weight balance equal, so the ship sinks a little to compensate.

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