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Tourism in ThailandWhat is Tourism?is a major?economic?contributor to the?Kingdom of Thailand. Estimates of tourism revenue directly contributing to the Thai?GDP?of 12?trillion?baht?range from one trillion baht (2013) 2.53 trillion baht (2016), the equivalent of 9% to 17.7% of GDP.Tourism worldwide in 2017 accounted for 10.4% of global GDP and 313 million jobs, or 9.9% of total employment. The?Tourism Authority of Thailand?(TAT) uses the slogan "Amazing Thailand" to promote Thailand internationally. In 2015, this was supplemented by a "Discover Thainess" campaign.[7]OverviewChedi,?Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep,?Chiang MaiA mythical? HYPERLINK "" \o "Kinnara" Kinnon,?Wat Phra Kaew,?BangkokGolden Chedi ,?Wat Phra Kaew,?BangkokWat Phra Si Sanphet,?AyutthayaChedi,?Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep,?Chiang MaiAmong the reasons for the increase in tourism in the 1960s were the stable political atmosphere and the development of Bangkok as a crossroads of international air transport.[8]?The hotel industry and retail industry both expanded rapidly due to tourist demand. It was boosted by the presence of US?GIs?who arrived in the 1960s for?rest and recuperation?(R&R)?during the?Vietnam War.[9]?During this time, international tourism was becoming the new trend as living standards increased throughout the world and travel became faster and more dependable with the introduction of new technology in the air transport sector.[10]A mythical? HYPERLINK "" \o "Kinnara" Kinnon,?Wat Phra Kaew,?BangkokIn 2015, 6.7 million persons arrived from ASEAN countries and the number is expected to grow to 8.3 million in 2016, generating 245 billion baht.[14]?The largest numbers of Western tourists came from Russia (6.5%), the UK (3.7%), Australia (3.4%) and the US (3.1%).[15]?Around 60% of Thailand's tourists are return visitors.[16]?The peak period is from December to February.In 2014, 4.6 million Chinese visitors travelled to Thailand.[15][17]?In 2015, Chinese tourists numbered 7.9 million or 27% of all international tourist arrivals, 29.8 million; 8.75 million Chinese tourists visited Thailand in 2016.[18][14]?In 2017, 27% of the 9,194,057 tourists that came to Thailand came from China.[19]?Thailand relies heavily on Chinese tourists to meet its tourism revenue target of 2.2 trillion baht in 2015 and 2.3 trillion in 2016.Golden Chedi ,?Wat Phra Kaew,?BangkokIn 2015, Thailand hosted 1.43 million Japanese travellers, up 4.1% from 2015, generating 61.4 billion baht, up 6.3%. In 2016, Thailand expects 1.7 million Japanese tourists, generating 66.2 billion baht in revenue.[23]To accommodate foreign visitors, the Thai government established a separate tourism police force with offices in the major tourist areas and its own central emergency telephone number.[24]Wat Phra Si Sanphet,?AyutthayaSince the opening of the Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos borders in the late 1900s, competition has increased because Thailand no longer has the monopoly on tourism in Southeast Asia.[25]?Destinations like?Angkor Wat,? HYPERLINK "" \o "Luang Prabang" Luang Prabang?and? HYPERLINK "" \o "Halong Bay" Halong Bay?now rival Thailand's former monopoly in the?Indochina?region. To counter this, Thailand is targeting niche markets such as?golf holidays, holidays?combined with medical treatment?or visits to military installations.[18]?Thailand has also plans to become the hub of Buddhist tourism in the region.[26]International rankingsSanctuary of Truth,?ChonburiWat Rong Khun,?Chiang RaiSanctuary of Truth,?ChonburiIn the?MasterCard 2014 and 2015 Global Destination Cities Index, Bangkok ranked the second of the world's top-20 most-visited cities, trailing only London.[27][28]?The U.S. News'?2017 Best Countries?report ranked Thailand at 4th globally for adventure value and 7th for cultural heritage.[29]The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report?2015?published by the?World Economic Forum?ranked Thailand 35 of 141 nations. Among the metrics used to arrive at the rankings, Thailand scored high on "Natural Resources" (16 of 141 nations) and "Tourist Service Infrastructure" (21 of 141), but low on "Environmental Sustainability" (116 of 141) and "Safety and Security" (132 of 141).[30][31]In 2013, Thailand was the 10th "top tourist destination" in the?world tourism rankings?with 26.5 million international arrivals.[32]:6Wat Rong Khun,?Chiang RaiIn 2016,?Bangkok?ranked 1st surpassing?London?and?New York?in?Euromonitor International's list of "Top City Destinations" with 21 million visitors.In 2008,?Pattaya?was 23rd with 4,406,300 visitors,?Phuket?31st with 3,344,700 visitors, and?Chiang Mai?ranked 78th place with 1,604,600 visitors.[33]In a list released by?Instagram?that identified the ten most photographed locations worldwide in 2012,?Suvarnabhumi Airport?and?Siam Paragon?shopping mall were ranked number one and two respectively, more popular than New York City's?Times Square?or Paris's?Eiffel Tower.[34]"Discover Thainess" tourist initiativeThailand's popularity as a tourist destination owes a great deal to its benign climate. Thailand predominantly has a?tropical wet and dry or savannah climate?while the south and the eastern tip of the east have a?tropical monsoon climate.[40]Most of Thailand has three seasons:The?cool dry season?from late-November to February. Temperatures in December for?Chiang Mai?average around 15 Celsius at night, rising to around 28 Celsius during the day with clear sunny skies. The?hot dry season?from March to May can see daytime temperatures in the mid- to high-30s. The?rainy season?from May to October has daytime temperatures in the low-30s with nighttime temperatures in the mid= to high-20s. Annual statisticsReference: statistics for the period 1998–2016, 2017 2018. YearArrivals% change203079,349,668Forecast[45]:5Jan-Aug201926,563,001[46]201838,277,300?7.54%201735,381,210?8.57%201632,588,303?8.91%[47]201529,881,091?20.44%201424,809,683?6.54%201326,546,725?18.77%201222,353,903?15.98%201119,230,470?20.67%201015,936,400?12.63%200914,149,841?2.98%200814,584,220?0.83%200714,464,228?4.65%200613,821,802?20.01%200511,516,936?n/aTop 25 arrivals by nationalityReference: statistics for the period RankCountry or territoryJan-Aug2019[46]201820172016201520142013201220112010*?ASEAN6,889,24510,284,0509,119,9418,658,0517,886,1366,641,7727,282,2666,281,1535,594,5774,534,2351?China7,665,90110,535,9559,805,7538,757,4667,934,7914,636,2984,637,3352,786,8601,721,2471,122,2192?Malaysia*2,629,2534,097,6043,354,8003,533,8263,423,3972,613,4183,041,0972,554,3972,500,2802,058,9563?India1,315,2201,596,7721,411,9421,193,8221,069,149932,6031,050,8891,013,308914,971760,3714?South Korea1,253,9121,796,5961,709,0701,464,2181,372,9951,122,5661,295,3421,263,6191,156,283885,4455?Laos*1,222,1151,750,6581,612,6471,409,4561,233,1381,053,983976,639975,999891,950715,3456?Japan1,197,1731,656,1001,544,3281,439,6291,381,6901,267,8861,586,4251,373,7161,277,893993,6747?Russia918,6181,472,9491,346,2191,089,992884,0851,606,4301,746,5651,316,5641,054,187644,6788?United States761,4341,123,2481,056,124974,632867,520763,520823,486768,638681,748611,7929?Vietnam*751,7281,027,430934,497830,394751,091559,415725,057618,670496,768380,36810?Hong Kong721,5231,015,688820,894749,694669,165483,131588,335473,666411,834316,47611?United Kingdom661,793987,456994,4681,003,386946,919907,877905,024873,053844,972810,72712?Singapore*651,7951,067,3091,028,077966,909937,311844,133955,468831,215682,364603,53813?Cambodia*579,999882,015854,431686,682487,487550,339481,595423,642265,903146,27414?Germany556,305889,777849,283835,506760,604715,240737,658682,419619,133606,87415?France531,005749,643739,853738,763681,097635,073611,582576,106515,572461,67016?Taiwan530,374687,701572,964522,231552,624394,149502,176394,475394,225369,22017?Australia508,859801,637817,091791,631805,946831,854900,460930,241829,855698,04618?Indonesia*469,935644,043574,764535,625469,226497,592594,251447,820370,795286,07219?Philippines*324,606432,578380,886339,486310,975304,813321,571289,566268,375246,43020?Myanmar*250,171368,170365,590341,641259,678206,794172,383129,385110,67190,17921?Italy184,525280,161264,429265,532246,066219,875207,192200,703185,869168,20322?Canada183,716276,543258,392244,268227,306211,059229,897219,354194,356168,39323?Netherlands167,768236,300222,077235,708221,657211,524218,765208,122198,891196,99424?Sweden179,232311,959323,669332,866321,663324,865341,398364,681373,856355,21425??Switzerland121,984207,596209,434208,967206,454201,271199,923191,147170,044155,761*?ASEAN?nationCultural tourismThailand has the distinction of being one of the leading tourism destinations in the world, renowned for its vibrant cultural heritage and natural beauty. Thai culture features a number of performing arts including drama, Thai dance. Variety shows that feature a number of different theatrical arts are common in Bangkok, Phuket, and Chiang Mai. The “Siam Niramit” show is the most popular Thai cultural show among tourists visiting Thailand. The Siam Niramit show attracts more and more tourists visiting Thailand each year. Theatrical performances of ancient?Muay Thai?boxing matches, Thai tribal dances, and puppet shows are also popular cultural attractions of Thailand.[54]Thai officialdom's claim that foreigners visit Thailand primarily for "cultural tourism" has been mocked by critics who ask "...do we really think tourists are going to Pattaya or Phuket to watch traditional Medical tourismAs of 2019, with 64 accredited hospitals, Thailand is currently among the top 10 medical tourism destinations in the world. In 2017, Thailand registered 3.3 million visits by foreigners seeking specialised medical treatment. In 2018, this number grew to 3.5 million. As of 2019?Thai medical centres are serving increasing numbers of Chinese medical tourists in tandem with increasing overall Chinese tourism. minor elective?(cosmetic) surgery.[57]Gastronomical tourismTom yam kung?are just one of the many dishes in?Thai cuisineElephant tourismHistoryIn the early-1900s there were an estimated 100,000 domesticated or?captive elephants?in?Thailand.The majority of these elephants worked in the?logging industry, dragging tree trunks. In 1989 the government banned logging in protected areas due to rampant deforestation—only around 30% of Thailand's forest remained.[64]?Many?mahouts?were then unable to care for their elephants and left them in the wild. WelfareAmong?animal rights?groups there has been a growing concern over elephant welfare. Elephants in?Thailand?have fewer health problems than those in circuses, but often their health is not robust. Overall their?welfare?and treatment depends on how much money their?mahouts?make. Elephants in larger camps have been observed in better health that those in smaller camps. Baby elephants are highly valued as they are very popular among tourists. LawsThe law pertaining to domesticated elephants is the?Beast of Burden Act 2482 B.E.?(1939).[66]?This act classifies elephants as?draught animals?along with horses, donkeys, and oxen. TrainingCommon training practices include being chained, cut, stabbed, burned and hit to varying degrees. Inexperienced?mahouts?are more likely to further harm their elephants and beat them into submission.[65]?Hooks are the common tool used to discipline and guide an elephant during treks.[64]Muay Thai tourismMuay Thai?is the national sport of Thailand, and a trip to a stadium to witness the 'science of the eight limbs' is an essential experience for many tourists.Studying Muay Thai is a main activity for Thai sports tourism, which the government promotes.[70]In 2016, there were 11,219 British people, 6,800 Australians, and 5,852 French nationals who visited Thailand to take lessons in the classical martial art. Other significant numbers came from Germany (4,688), Sweden (4,253), Russia (2,183), Denmark (1,855), Japan (1,841), New Zealand (1,781) and Spain (1,633). ................
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