Multi-Industry Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS ...

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Multi-Industry Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Study ? 2021 Preliminary Report

September 2021

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4303T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460

EPA-821-R-21-004

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 1-1 2. Multi-Industry PFAS Study Background...................................................................... 2-1 3. PFAS Overview .......................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 PFAS Classifications and Characteristics .................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Nonpolymer PFAS ........................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.2 Polymer PFAS .................................................................................................................................. 3-7

3.2 Phase Out and Replacement of Certain Long-Chain PFAS with Short-Chain PFAS .................... 3-7 3.3 Environmental Fate and Transport of PFAS ............................................................................... 3-8 3.4 PFAS Exposure and Health Effects ............................................................................................. 3-9

4. Data Collection Activities ........................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Data Sources and Quality........................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Protection of Confidential Business Information....................................................................... 4-7

5. Review of the OCPSF Point Source Category.............................................................. 5-1

5.1 Industry Description, Manufacture, and Use of PFAS................................................................ 5-1 5.2 Stakeholder Outreach................................................................................................................ 5-3 5.3 PFAS Wastewater Regulatory Requirements and Controls ....................................................... 5-4 5.4 Wastewater Characteristics....................................................................................................... 5-7 5.5 OCPSF Point Source Category Summary.................................................................................. 5-10

6. Review of the Metal Finishing Point Source Category ................................................ 6-1

6.1 Industry Description and Use of PFAS ....................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Stakeholder Outreach................................................................................................................ 6-2 6.3 PFAS Wastewater Regulatory Requirements and Controls ....................................................... 6-2 6.4 Wastewater Characteristics....................................................................................................... 6-3 6.5 Metal Finishing Point Source Category Summary...................................................................... 6-4

7. Review of the Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Category ........................... 7-1

7.1 Industry Description and Use of PFAS ....................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Stakeholder Outreach................................................................................................................ 7-2 7.3 PFAS Wastewater Regulatory Requirements and Controls ....................................................... 7-5 7.4 Wastewater Characterization .................................................................................................... 7-5 7.5 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Category Summary ................................................ 7-7

8. Review of the Textile Mills Point Source Category ..................................................... 8-1

8.1 Industry Description and Use of PFAS ....................................................................................... 8-1

i

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download