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Military History Anniversaries 16 Apr thru 15 MaySignificant events in U.S. Military History for the next 30 days are:Apr 16 1862 – Civil War: The one hour Battle at Lee's Mills (part of the 29 day Seige of Yorktown) in Virginia. Casualties and losses: US 165 - CSA 75.Apr 16 1863 – Civil War: Union Admiral David Dixon Porter leads 12 ships past the heavy barrage of Confederate artillery at Vicksburg, Mississippi. He lost only one ship, and the operation speeded General Ulysses S. Grant's movement against Vicksburg.Apr 16 1945 – WW2: American troops enter Nuremberg GermanyApr 16 1945 – The United States Army liberates Nazi Sonderlager (high security) prisoner-of-war camp Oflag IV-C (better known as Colditz). Apr 16 1947 – Cold War: Bernard Baruch, an American financier and presidential advisor, delivered a speech saying we are today in the midst of a cold war using the term for the first to describe the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although no official dates are set it is generally acknowledged it did not end until 1991.Apr 16 1953 – Korean War: Battle of Pork Chop Hill (Hill 255) began .Apr 17 1864 – Civil War: The 4 day Battle of Plymouth begins. Confederate forces attack Plymouth, North Carolina resulting in a Confederate victory. Casualties and losses: US 2,000 - CSA 800.Apr 17 1961 – Bay of Pigs Invasion: A group of CIA financed and trained Cuban refugees lands at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba with the aim of ousting Fidel Castro. Casualties and losses: Cuba 4,176 - Cuban Exiles/US 1,320.Apr 18 1775 – American revolutionaries Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott ride though the towns of Massachusetts warning that "the British are coming." Paul Revere, 1903 William Dawes Samuel Prescott Apr 18 1848 – Mexican–American War: American victory at the battle of Cerro Gordo opens the way for invasion of Mexico. Apr 18 1942 – WW2: James H. Doolittle bombs Tokyo and other Japanese cities. Apr 18 1943 – WW2: The mastermind of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto) is shot down by American P–38 fighters while traveling in a bomber. Apr 18 1944?– WW2: USS Gudgeon (SS–211) missing. Most likely sunk by Japanese naval aircraft (901st Kokutai) southwest of Iwo Jima. 79 killed.Apr 18 1988 – Iran–Iraq War: The United States launches Operation Praying Mantis against Iranian naval forces in the largest naval battle since World War II. Apr 19 1775 – American Revolution: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord. Casualties and losses: Americans 93 - GB 300.Apr 19 1861 – Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861 – a pro–Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city. Apr 19 1951 – Korean War: General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military. Apr 19 1989 – A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.USS Iowa's Turret Two explodesApr 20 1775 – Revolutionary War: the Siege of Boston begins, following the battles at Lexington and Concord.Apr 20 1861 – Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia.Apr 20 1945 – WW2: US troops capture Leipzig, Germany, only to later cede the city to the Soviet Union. Apr 20 1945 – WW2: Fuehrerbunker: Adolf Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth.Apr 21 1836 – Texas Revolution: General Sam Houston defeats Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. Texas wins independence from Mexico Apr 21 1918 – WWI: German fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, known as "The Red Baron", is shot down and killed over Vaux sur Somme in France. Richthofen wearing the Blue Max, Prussia’s highest military orderApr 21 1942 – World War II: The most famous (and first international) Aggie Muster is held on the Philippine island of Corregidor, by Brigadier General George F. Moore (with 25 fellow Texas A&M graduates who are under his command), while 1.8 million pounds of shells pounded the island over a 5 hour attack.Apr 22 1863 –- Civil War: Grierson's 15 day Raid begins - troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi. Apr 22 1898 – Spanish–American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.Apr 22 1915 – WWI: The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres. Apr 22 1943?– WW2: USS Grenadier (SS–210) scuttled after Japanese seaplane attacks (936 Kokutai) damaged the boat the previous day, off Penang, Malaysia. 76 POWs, 4 later died.Apr 22 1945 – WW2: Fuehrerbunker – After learning that Soviet forces have taken Eberswalde without a fight, Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his underground bunker and states that suicide is his only recourse.Apr 22 1951 – Ticker–tape parade for General MacArthur in NYC.Apr 22 2008 – The United States Air Force retires the remaining F-117 Nighthawk aircraft in service. Apr 23 1899 – Quingua, Luzon, Philippine Islands — An American force consisting of four battalions of infantry from Nebraska and Iowa plus a battery of guns from the Utah Light Artillery, is fiercely engaged by Filipino insurgents about 20 miles north of the capital of Manila. Apr 24 1805 – U.S. Marines attack and capture the town of Derna in Tripoli from the Barbary pirates. Apr 24 1918 – WWI: First tank–to–tank combat, at Villers–Bretonneux, France, when three British Mark IVs met three German A7Vs. Apr 24 1944 – WW2: 1st Boeing B–29 arrives in China "over the Hump"Apr 24 1948 – Cold War: The Berlin airlift begins to relieve surrounded city. Ends 12 May 1949. Fatalities: 40 Britons and 31 AmericansBerliners watch a C-54 skymaster land at Tempelhof Airport, 1948Apr 24 1967 – Vietnam: American General William Westmoreland says that the enemy had gained support in the U.S. States that gives him hope that he can win politically that which he cannot win militarily.Apr 24 1980 – A rescue attempt of the U.S. hostages held in Iran fails when a plane collides with a helicopter in the Iranian desert. Eight U.S. servicemen die.Apr 25 1846 – Mexican–American War: Thornton Affair – Open conflict begins over the disputed border of Texas, triggering the Mexican–American War. Apr 25 1862 – Civil War: Forces under Union Admiral David Farragut demand the surrender of the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana. Apr 25 1864 – Civil War: The Battle of Marks' Mills. Casualties and losses: US 1,500 - CSA 293. Result: Confederate victory.Apr 25 1945 – WW2: Elbe Day – United States and Soviet troops meet in Torgau along the River Elbe, cutting the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany in two, a milestone in the approaching end of World War II in Europe. Apr 25 1951 - Korean War: Assaulting Chinese forces are forced to withdraw after heavy fighting with UN forces, primarily made up of Australian and Canadian troops, at the Battle of Kapyong. Casualties and losses: UN 146 - CH/NK ~1,000.Apr 25 1960 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Triton completes the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe. Apr 25 1972 - Vietnam War: Nguyen Hue Offensive - The North Vietnamese 320th Division forces 5,000 South Vietnamese troops to retreat and traps about 2,500 others northwest of Kontum. Apr 25 1975 – Vietnam: As North Vietnamese forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost ten years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.Apr 26 1865 – Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina. Also the date of Confederate Memorial Day for most states. Apr 26 1865 – Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia. Apr 26 1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the 66th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP–NL and the American troops of the 33rd and 37th Infantry Division, United States Army were liberated in Baguio City. All had fought against the Japanese forces under General Tomoyuki Yamashita.Apr 26 1945 – WW2: Battle of Bautzen – last successful German tank–offensive of the war and last noteworthy victory of the Wehrmacht.Apr 27 1777 – American Revolution: The Battle of Ridgefield: A British invasion force engages and defeats Continental Army regulars and militia irregulars at Ridgefield, Connecticut. Casualties and losses: US 100 - GB 194. Result: Tactical British victory; Strategic American victory.Apr 27 1805 – First Barbary War: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna Apr 27 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada York (present day Toronto, Canada).Apr 27 1865 – The steamboat SS Sultana, carrying 2,400 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom are Union survivors of the Andersonville and Cahaba Prisons.Apr 27 1975 – Vietnam: Saigon is encircled by North Vietnamese troops. Apr 28 1942 – As result of a Gallup Poll the war is titled WW2Apr 28 1965 – Latin America Interventions: The U.S. Army and Marines invade the Dominican Republic. Apr 28 1965 – U.S. Marines invade Dominican Republic, stay until October 1966Apr 28 1970 – Vietnam: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to fight communist sanctuaries in Cambodia.Apr 29 1781 - American Revolution: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique. Result: French tactical victory.Apr 29 1862 – Civil War: New Orleans, Louisiana falls to Union forces under Admiral David Farragut. Apr 29 1945 – WW2: The German army in Italy unconditionally surrenders to the Allies. Apr 29 1945 – WW2 - Fuehrerbunker: Adolf Hitler marries his longtime partner Eva Braun in a Berlin bunker and designates Admiral Karl D?nitz as his successor. Both Hitler and Braun commit suicide the following day. Apr 29 1945 – The Dachau concentration camp is liberated by United States troops. Apr 29 1946 – The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convenes and indicts former Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tojo and 28 former Japanese leaders for war crimes. Apr 29 1970 – Vietnam: United States and South Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia to hunt Viet Cong. 29 Apr 1975 – Vietnam: Operation Frequent Wind: The U.S. begins to evacuate U.S. citizens from Saigon prior to an expected North Vietnamese takeover. U.S. involvement in the war comes to an end. 01 May 1945 - WW2: Start of Operation Chowhound to help feed civilians in the Netherlands via food airdrops who were in danger of starvation in the Dutch famineApr 29 1990 – Cold War: Wrecking cranes began tearing down Berlin Wall at Brandenburg Gate Apr 30 1943 – WW2: Operation Mincemeat – The submarine HMS Seraph surfaces in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain to deposit a dead man planted with false invasion plans and dressed as a British military intelligence officer.Apr 30 1945 – WW2: Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his bunker. Karl Donitz becomes his successor. Apr 30 1972 – Vietnam: The North Vietnamese launch an invasion of the South. Apr 30 1975 – Vietnam: Fall of Saigon. Communist forces gain control of Saigon. The Vietnam War formally ends with the unconditional surrender of South Vietnamese president Duong Van Minh. Apr 30 2004 – U.S. media release graphic photos of American soldiers abusing and sexually humiliating Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison.May 01 1778 – American Revolution: The Battle of Crooked Billet begins in Hatboro, Pennsylvania. Results - British victory. Casualties and losses: PA Militia 92 - GB 7May 01 1862 - Civil War: The Union Army completes the Capture of New Orleans. May 01 1863 – Civil War: First of 7 day Battle of Chancellorsville. Results - Confederate victory. Casualties and losses: US 17,197 - CSA 13,303.May 01 1898 – Spanish–American War: The Battle of Manila Bay – the U.S. Navy destroys the Spanish Pacific fleet in the first battle of the war. May 01 1945 – WW2: Start of Operation Chowhound to help feed civilians in the Netherlands via food airdrops who were in danger of starvation in the Dutch famineMay 01 1945 - WW2: Joseph Goebbels and his wife Magda commit suicide in the Reich Garden outside the Führerbunker. Their children are murdered by their mother by having cyanide pills inserted into their mouths. The GoebbelsMay 01 1960 – Cold War: U–2 incident – Francis Gary Powers, in a Lockheed U–2 spyplane, is shot down over the Soviet Union, sparking a diplomatic crisis. May 01 2003 – 2003 invasion of Iraq: In what becomes known as the "Mission Accomplished" speech, on board the USS Abraham Lincoln (off the coast of California), U.S. President George W. Bush declares that "major combat operations in Iraq have ended".May 02 1863 – Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later. May 02 1945 – WW2: Italian Campaign – General Heinrich von Vietinghoff signs the official instrument of surrender of all Wehrmacht forces in Italy. May 02 1945 – WW2: The US 82nd Airborne Division liberates W?bbelin concentration camp finding 1000 dead inmates, most starved to death. May 02 1964 – Vietnam: An explosion sinks the USS Card while docked at Saigon. Viet Cong forces are suspected of placing a bomb on the ship. May 03 1926 – US marines land in Nicaragua (9–mo after leaving) and stay until 1933.May 03 1942 – Japanese naval troops invade Tulagi Island in the Solomon Islands during the first part of Operation Mo that results in the Battle of the Coral Sea between Japanese forces and forces from the United States and Australia.May 03 1945?– WW2: USS Lagarto (SS–371) sunk by Japanese minelayer Hatsutaka in Gulf of Siam. 86 killed.May 04 1942 – WW2: Battle of Coral Sea begins with an attack by aircraft from the United States aircraft carrier USS Yorktown on Japanese naval forces at Tulagi Island in the Solomon Islands. It was the 1st sea battle fought solely in air.May 04 1942 – WW2: Civilians issued first ration books—War Ration Book Number One, or the "Sugar Book through more than 100,000 schoolteachers, PTA groups, and other volunteers War Ration Book Number One front and backMay 05 1864 – Civil War: The inconclusive 3 day Battle of the Wilderness begins in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. Casualties and losses: US 17,666 - CSA 11,125.May 05 1916 – US marines invade Dominican Republic, stay until 1924May 05 1945 – WW2: Admiral Karl D?nitz, President of Germany after Hitler's death, orders all German U–boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases. May 06 1863 – Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with a Union retreat. It is known as Lee's "perfect battle" because of his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force.May 06 1937 – Hindenburg disaster: The German zeppelin Hindenburg catches fire and is destroyed within a minute while attempting to dock at Lakehurst, New Jersey. Thirty-six people are killed. May 06 1941 – At California's March Field, Bob Hope performs his first USO show. May 06 1942 – WW2: On Corregidor, the last American forces in the Philippines surrender to the Japanese. May 06 1945 – WW2: Axis Sally delivers her last propaganda broadcast to Allied troops (first was on December 11, 1941).May 07 1763 - Indian Wars: Pontiac's Rebellion begins - Chief Pontiac begins the "Conspiracy of Pontiac" by attacking British forces at Fort Detroit. May 07 1864 - Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.May 07 1915 – WWI: German submarine U–20 sinks RMS Lusitania, killing 1,198 people including 128 Americans. Public reaction to the sinking turns many formerly pro–Germans in the United States against the German Empire. May 07 1942 – WW2: During the Battle of the Coral Sea, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Japanese Imperial Navy light aircraft carrier Shoho. The battle marks the first time in the naval history that two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships. May 07 1945 – WW2: Germany signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the next day.May 07 1954 – Vietnam: 55–day Battle of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam ended with Vietnamese insurgents overrunning French forces.May 07 1960 – Cold War: U–2 Crisis of 1960 – Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U–2 pilot Gary Powers.May 07 1984 – Vietnam: Agent Orange class–action suit brought by Vietnam veterans settled out of court for $180 Million.May 08 1846 – Mexican–American War: The Battle of Palo Alto – Zachary Taylor defeats a Mexican force north of the Rio Grande in the first major battle of the war. Casualties and losses: UA 56- MEX 357May 08 1942 – WW2: The Battle of the Coral Sea comes to an end with Japanese Imperial Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attacking and sinking the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Lexington. The battle marked the first time in the naval history that two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.May 08 1945 – WW2: Combat in Europe ends – V–E Day. German forces agree in Rheims, France, to an unconditional surrender.May 08 1972 – Vietnam: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon announces his order to place mines in major North Vietnamese ports in order to stem the flow of weapons and other goods to that nationMay 09 1951 – Korean War: Air raid on Chinese positions at Yalu RiverMay 10 1775 – American Revolution: A small Colonial militia led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold captures Fort Ticonderoga.May 10 1797 – 1st Navy ship, the "United States," is launched.USS United StatesMay 10 1801 – First Barbary War: The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States of America.May 10 1863 – Civil War: Confederate General Stonewall Jackson dies eight days after he is accidentally shot by his own troops. May 10 1864 – Civil War: Colonel Emory Upton leads a 10–regiment 'Attack–in–depth' assault against the Confederate works at The Battle of Spotsylvania, which, though ultimately unsuccessful, would provide the idea for the massive assault against the Bloody Angle on May 12. Upton, although slightly wounded, is immediately promoted to Brigadier general. May 10 1865 – Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia. May 10 1865 – Civil War: In Kentucky, Union soldiers ambush and mortally wound Confederate raider William Quantrill, who lingers until his death on June 6. May 10 1941 – WW2: Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland in order to try and negotiate a peace deal between the United Kingdom and Germany.May 10 1946 – Cold War: First successful launch of an American V–2 rocket at White Sands Proving Ground.May 10 1960 – The nuclear submarine USS Triton completes Operation Sandblast, the first underwater circumnavigation of the earth.May 10 1969 – Vietnam: The Battle of Dong Ap Bia begins with an assault on Hill 937. It will ultimately become known as Hamburger Hill.May 11 1846 – Mexican American War: President James K. Polk asked for and received a Declaration of War against Mexico, starting the Mexican–American WarMay 11 1862 - Civil War: The ironclad CSS Virginia is scuttled in the James River northwest of Norfolk, VirginiaCSS VirginiaMay 11 1943 – WW2: American troops invade Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces. May 11 1944 – WW2: The Allies start a major offensive against the Axis Powers on the Gustav Line.May 11 1945 – World War II: Off the coast of Okinawa, the aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill, is hit by two kamikazes, killing 346 of her crew. Although badly damaged, the ship is able to return to the U.S. under her own power.May 12 1780 – Revolutionary War: Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces.May 12 1863 – Civil War: Battle of Raymond: two divisions of James B. McPherson's XVII Corps (ACW) turn the left wing of Confederate General John C. Pemberton's defensive line on Fourteen Mile Creek, opening up the interior of Mississippi to the Union Army during the Vicksburg Campaign. May 12 1864 – Civil War: the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: thousands of Union and Confederate soldiers die in "the Bloody Angle". May 12 1865 – Civil War: The Battle of Palmito Ranch: the first day of the last major land action to take place during the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory.May 12 1949 – Cold War: The Soviet Union lifts its blockade of Berlin.May 12 1962 – Douglas MacArthur delivers his famous "Duty, Honor, Country" valedictory speech at the United States Military Academy.May 13 1846 – Mexican-American War: The United States declares war on Mexico. May 13 1861 – Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights. May 13 1864 – Civil War: Battle of Resaca - The 3 day battle begins with Union General Sherman fighting toward Atlanta, Georgia. May 13 1865 – Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - in far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War ends with a Confederate victor. Casualties and losses: US 117 - CSA 9May 13 1945 – WW2: US troops conquer Dakeshi OkinawaMay 14 1863 – Civil War: The Battle of Jackson takes place. Casualties and losses: US 286 - CSA 850May 14 1955 – Cold War: Eight communist bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty called the Warsaw Pact.May 14 2005 – The former USS America, a decommissioned supercarrier of the United States Navy, is deliberately sunk in the Atlantic Ocean after four weeks of live–fire exercises. She is the largest ship ever to be disposed of as a target in a military exercise.USS America 24 April 1983May 15 1864 – Civil War: Battle of Resaca, Georgia ends. Casualties and losses: US ~4500 - CSA 2800.May 15 1864 – Civil War: Battle of New Market, Virginia – In a small engagement fought near this central Shenandoah Valley town, a Union force composed of about 10,000 men from a variety of states is opposed by a smaller Confederate force made up primarily of Virginians. Among the troops on the southern side are cadets from the Virginia Military Institute. During the climax of the battle, these boys, ages 12 to 16, charge across an open field, taking casualties but capturing a battery of guns on a commanding hill. Ten cadets are killed and 50 are wounded. Though the battle would end in a Confederate victory, in the long run, it would prove to be futile due to the overwhelming numbers of Union forces which would quickly regroup and advance again down the Valley, burning fields and barns as they moved.May 15 1942 – WW2: Lieutenant Ronald Reagan, a cavalry officer, applies for reassignment to the Army Air Force, where he would eventually put his thespian background to use on World War II propaganda films.May 15 1962 – Vietnam: US marines arrive in Laos.May 15 1972:? The U.S. Army Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa) reverted to the full control of Japan but the U.S retained its rights to nuclear free bases.May 15 1997 – The United States government acknowledges the existence of the "Secret War" in Laos and dedicates the Laos Memorial in honor of Hmong and other "Secret War" veterans.Laos Memorial in Fresno CA[Source: Various Apr 2014 ++] ................
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