Taylor & Francis



Supplementary material for MS ID: RICO-2020-0013Case studies including additional references.1. FinlandGrand narrative: The favoured yet threatened small state Sputnik’s grand narrative of Finland deals with the underlying threat of asymmetric power relations between the huge neighbour and the small state. Finland’s well-being is tied to its relationship with Russia, which is based on an underlying threat: Finland should not hinder collaboration with Russia or side with the West/NATO against Russia (Sputnik 2017a). This comes to light in an interview with President Niinist?, who is quoted saying ‘Today, not many Finnish people fear that Russians will come here. I personally don't believe in it just like I don't believe that they will attack Poland or the Baltic states’ (Sputnik 2017b). The fact that the President comments on potential Russian aggression can be seen as a threatening prevision of what could happen if compliance is not met. Underlying threats also appear as a foreign-affairs commentator at?Finland's largest newspaper Helsingin Sanomat is quoted saying ‘Russia will never attack unless provoked’, while at the same time stating that ‘[s]eeking membership in the [NATO] alliance is […] considered […] a provocation’ (Sputnik 2017c). What constitutes the provocation thus lies in the eyes of the provoked.Subplots A special partnership: Finland connected to Russia The first subplot deals with the allegedly special partnership between Finland and Russia. The basics of this subplot is laid out in a 2014 article headlined ‘Russia-Finland Relations an Example of Good Neighborliness’ (Sputnik 2014a). Relations are described as special, strong and broad in scope, covering collaboration within UN high politics, economy, security, as well as local business (Ibid.) and joint local emergency exercises (Sputnik 2017d). The temporal build-up is that of the ‘time-tested policy’ of ‘Eastern relations’ dating far back and offering mutual gains (Sputnik 2016a; 2016b). Despite the current slump due to Russian sanctions , the future looks bright with mutual benefits and new initiatives (Sputnik 2016c; 2018a). The partnership is strong as decades of collaboration cannot be easily reduced (Sputnik 2014a; 2014b). Tensions with Russia: Russophobia and sanctions politics European sanctions on Russia is the key event and underlying problem in need of solution in the second subplot (Sputnik 2014a). EU is the villain in this script and the temporal build-up is selectively attributed regarding what is included and left out. Sanctions are described as turning up from nowhere (Sputnik 2014b). The reasons are either not mentioned (Sputnik 2016d; 2016a; 2018a), or described as “alleged”, and thus made-up. In a 2017 piece, the narrator explains how the story unfolded: EU and the West were the first aggressors, making false and ‘absurd’ accusation of Moscow being involved in the Ukraine conflict and Crimea's ‘reunification’ (Sputnik 2014a). Further events build up the Russophobia subplot, such as EU countries accusing Russia for cyber threats (Sputnik 2017e), military threats (Sputnik 2017c) or simply obstructing Russia’s successes in energy policy and trade (Sputnik 2017a; 2016e). There is also the story of authorities taking children from Russians residing abroad. Here Russia is portrayed as constructive, while Finlandis depicted as arrogant and unwilling to engage (Sputnik 2016f). NATO - a looming threat to mutual relations The NATO subplot involves stories where the narrator tries to tie Finland closer to Russia while driving a wedge between Finland and the West. Here NATO is pulling Finland and Sweden closer, despite official non-alignment policies (Sputnik 2016g). Essentially, Finland, with a longstanding relationship with Russia, was once a neutral and nonaligned country. Now Sweden and Finland are so pressured by NATO lobbyists that they ‘eye’ membership. The narrator proposes that: ‘Both Sweden and Finland view the bilateral agreement with the US as a means to strengthen their defence against Russian ‘aggression’ which only exists in defence experts' minds’ (Sputnik 2016b). Hence, the alliance uses false allegations of Russian aggression as an excuse for building military presence close to Russian borders, destabilizing the region. This masterplan develops incrementally by regional rearmament projects, Swedish-Finnish military cooperation, heightened military budgets and military exercises based on ‘a fictitious enemy from the east bearing striking similarities to Russia’ (Sputnik 2017f). A major player and voice of reason in an unsound environmentOne foundation of the grand narrative rests on the portrayal of Finland as a major global player thanks to its special relationship with big neighbour Russia. Here Finland is more developed, better and fundamentally different from its northern neighbours, albeit the country cannot fully escape Nordic modernity regarding migration, gender ideology and Russophobia (Sputnik 2018a). The subplot suggests that Russia would not be interested had Finland not been a developed and cutting-edge partner working e.g. with unique technology (Sputnik 2015a). Finland is the maverick that cannot be pressured by Brussels to support ‘anti-Russian sanctions’ (Sputnik 2016a). Migration is an unwelcomed problem forced on Finland by the EU (Sputnik 2016h; 2015b; 2015c). The greater problem here is migration challenging traditional Finnish values (Sputnik 2018b). Yet, Finland goes against the grain in migration politics too, as its authorities are ‘busting myths’ of refugee statistics on migrants’ age, origin and gender (Sputnik 2015d) and launching Facebook campaigns advising migrants to stay away (Sputnik 2015e; 2015f). 2. Sweden Grand narrative: An ultraliberal state in decay In the Swedish case, the grand narrative crystalizes as one of a state of decline. The narrator systematically and selectively represents actors, events and processes negatively. The story is temporally selective, where the ‘once-upon-a-time’ is a distant past when Sweden was strong and prosperous, with solid values, while it now has become weak, plagued by disorder and decadence. The narration of Sweden in decline takes off in 2015. The grand narrative contrasts the old socialist utopian Sweden against a new transformative state with immigrants taking centre stage. For example, the article 'Who Is Surprised?' 'Daesh Recruiter' Reportedly Runs Free School in Sweden’ (Sputnik 2018c), reports on how far Sweden has sunk due to its na?ve immigration policy. Another article narrates how a ‘Researcher Blames Migration as Sweden Hits Europe's Lowest GDP Growth Per Capita’ (Sputnik 2018d). The narration of Sweden violating the human rights of WikiLeaks’ founder Julian Assange on inaccurate grounds also exemplifies Sweden’s shift from righteousness to moral decay (Sputnik 2015g). Over time, the grand narrative becomes more multifaceted, with the emergence of six subplots focusing on additional problems that fit into the grand narrative, thus augmenting its strength and coherence. SubplotsA Conflict-torn Space From 2014 onwards, the subplot of Sweden as a conflict-torn space occurs frequently. Inherent to the situation is Sweden’s averse relations to surrounding states combined with its suffering from internal divisions. Groups are pitted against one another; refugees against the rest of the population; feminists against men; traditionalists against liberals; the Swedish Democrats (SD) against other parties, the population against authorities, climate activists, led by Greta Thunberg, against opponents (Sputnik 2019a). Sputnik represents a destabilized society in chaos where authorities cannot ensure safety and order (Sputnik 2015i; 2017g; 2018e). In 2019 a business leader is cited, describing Sweden on the brink of ‘internal wars’ (Sputnik 2019b). Moreover, Sputnik narrates a Sweden at odds with its Nordic neighbours, great powers and other states (Sputnik 2017h) prompting the image of an unattractive and unreliable ally. Immigration and crime: An Invaded and Unsafe Space In 2015, two new subplot emerge: those of an ‘Invaded’ and ‘Unsafe Space’. While in the Finnish case, Sputnik largely ceased reporting on migration after 2015, it upholds this focus regarding Sweden. This subplot focuses on migration policies causing Sweden’s downfall, increasing crime rates, Islamisation and terrorism (Sputnik 2017i). Agency is characterised by poor leadership allowing for a vast inflow of migrants and ensuing its consequences. The subplot on Sweden as an ‘Unsafe Space’ is constructed of stories on crime and chaos. The villains – immigrants, Islam, criminals– are unruly, while politicians hide the truth from the victims, i.e. the Swedish population, or the anti-immigration Swedish Democrats. In several articles, Sputnik reiterates that ineffective authorities have lost control to the detriment of Swedish taxpayers (Sputnik 2016i) and even to the despairing Prime Minister (Sputnik 2015j).Exaggerated liberal values: An (un)Sexy, Decadent and Ultra-modern Space Three more subplots are built upon the denigration of Sweden as an overly untraditional country. Whereas the (un)Sexy and Decadent subplots focus on liberal values, the Ultra-Modern subplot zooms in on modernist practices and technical innovations, e.g. the first cashless society (Sputnik 2017j). Stories serve to strengthen the grand narrative of an extreme, odd country on a solitary path towards an unknown future. Exaggerated liberal tendencies are understood as contributing to decay. Of special concern is the Swedish population, lost, bewildered, and experiencing rootlessness (Sputnik 2017k; 2017l). For example, Sputnik tells of Swedes solving problems caused by loss of religion and tradition by turning dieting into a cult (Sputnik 2018f). Sweden is depicted as secular and irreligious – a strange space where religion has no role. One story features Sweden’s first religion-neutral cemetery, juxtaposing tradition to neo-atheism (Sputnik 2016j). Another one features a ‘polarizing debate on polygamywhere feminists and Islamists are lumped together to contrast traditionalist values (Sputnik 2017m). The ‘Decadent place’ plot is strengthened by reportson demographic problems. Accordingly, the once attractive Sweden is weakened as people leave the countryside and as birth rates decrease. Moreover, Sputnik reports on Swedes leaving the country, as emigration turns into ‘Mass Exodus to US’ (Sputnik 2016c; 2016k). The situation deteriorates further as the once homogenous population becomes diversified due to immigration (Sputnik 2019c; 2019d). DenmarkGrand narrative: Denmark weakened by the EUThe Danish grand narrative characterizes Denmark as weakened by the EU. The EU is to blame for problems, including cross-border crime, sexual crimes, and ISIS fighters. Part of the grand narrative is that EU is disintegrating. Member states are pitted against eachother as they choose different paths in crisis management prioritizing self-gains before collaboration (Sputnik 2015k; 2015l). The grand narrative is constructed of three subplots: the moral decay of Denmark in specific and the EU in general, due to crime, sexual abuse, and Islamization; Denmark as an international although insignificant security actor; and Russophobia and unfair treatment of Russia. SubplotsMoral decay, crime and migrationAn evident chain of related stories constructs the subplot of Denmark as a decadent place in moral decay mostly caused by immigration and the EU. Stories of immigration and sexual crimes are connected to stories of EU cross-border third party country crime, and more general accounts of crime (Sputnik 2016l), which are linked to a lapse Danish punishment culture (Sputnik 2017n). This creates the narrative of a state lacking morals and maintaining rather than fighting crime rates. Denmark is portrayed as a country with serious migration problems . Causal emplotment places the influx of migrants in 2015 in relation to sexual crimes, although the mentioned statistics precede the 2015 migration crisis (Sputnik 2015m). Later we see a more general story of transnational cross-border crime committed by EU citizens or citizens of third party countries (Sputnik 2016m; 2018g; 2018h). These problems are connected to na?ve EU open-door policies and to weak domestic criminal policy. Sputnik describes Nordic prison conditions as ‘known across the world for its mild prison conditions’ and Denmark’s crime politics as ‘well-known for using a human touch’ (Sputnik 2017n). Denmark also gets to represent Nordic countries responding to rapes committed by migrants with na?ve information campaigns or artefacts such as anti-rape belts or tampons (Sputnik 2015m). The moral decay subplot is pushed in reports on public dissections of animals in Danish Zoos especially aimed at children. A mere year after international outcry following the public killing of Marius the Giraffe, we are presented a state and citizenry lacking morals and showing no understanding that displaying animal dissections to children might cause upset. Apparently clueless officials state that: ‘Children are so curious they practically crawl into the carcass’ (Sputnik 2015n). Similarly, we have a Danish school informing kids about food production where chickens’ heads were chopped (Sputnik 2017o). Taken together, Denmark lacks a moral compass and child protection. Another example is the story on lawmakers ‘giving green light to high drivers’ by replacing zero tolerance policy of marijuana in traffic with a stepladder model. This rational change is tied to ‘Christiania’, hardcore drug use and hippie culture (Sputnik 2016n). In 2019, however, the narration shifts as Denmark departs on a hardline path, pushing through legislation enabling withdrawal of Jihadist passports (Sputnik 2019e; 2019f) or politicians across the board supporting enhanced surveillance, tougher punishments for possession of explosives and increasing border protection (Sputnik 2019g).Denmark as an (insignificant yet annoying) international security actorHere the narrator builds a story of Denmark as a country participating extensively in international missions (Sputnik 2015o; 2014c; 2017p). Initially, focus was on fighting Islamism, while later on more attention is payed to Russia (Sputnik 2017q; 2017p). For instance, we are told in 2017 that 200 soldiers are ‘headed to Estonia’, which requires drafting ‘an extra 500 recruits each year’ (Sputnik 2017p). However, increasing military funding is, somewhat contradictory, not presented as threatening as added funds still mean that Denmark will be ‘a far cry from NATO's overall objective of 2.0 percent of GDP’. The narrator adds that funds have not been added and sprinkles the article with ironic statements on underfinanced budgets (Sputnik 2017q). Overall, the narrator recognizes the role of Denmark as an international security actor, while also pointing out when it gets in trouble. Sputnik thus narrates Denmark as an insignificant state, unsure about its actions. Thus Denmark needs not to be taken seriously and does not pose a threat to Russia. Russophobia in energy policyThis subplot exposes tensions between Russia and Denmark. Here energy politics emerges as an area where Russia is treated unfairly. Denmark seems to go out of its way to derail the ‘great Nord Stream 2 project’, framing it as a national security threat (Sputnik 2017r) and siding with the US and Ukraine (Sputnik 2018i; 2019i; 2019j). The narrator describes Nord Stream 2 as a neutral infrastructure project benefiting all parties (Sputnik 2017n). Supporters should not worry, as ‘Denmark was powerless to stop the project’ (Sputnik 2017s; 2019k). The narrator also engages in causal emplotment connecting the case to other examples of energy politics involving Denmark. The energy narrative includes the environment perspective with ‘green’ stories, e.g. future bans on diesel and petrol cars, which ends up in a critique towards Danish extreme environmental policy (Sputnik 2018j).NorwayGrand narrative: Friend or foe? An erratic neighbourOur fourth grand narrative centres on whether Norway is with or against Russia. Norway is clearly against as an enemy allied to the US but also ideally on Russia’s side as a friend and neighbour. The grand narrative centres on issues of friendship and animosity. It consists of three subplots; the enemy narrative, the friendly narrative and the ambiguous one that centres on the government as an enemy, which is not supported by important parts of the Norwegian society and polity that are more balanced and open minded regarding Russia. SubplotsNorway as an enemyThe enemy subplot focuses on US deployment on Norwegian territory, as in ‘Norway to step up military presence in region bordering Russia’ (Sputnik 2017t), or in a 2019 story stating that ‘Russia will take NATO’s increased presence in Norway into account in its military planning’ (Sputnik 2019l). According to the enemy subplot, Norway’s approval of US/NATO deployment is changing the NATO-Russian power balance. Norwegian decisions thus have effects far beyond its own borders. This becomes evident in an article headlined ‘NATO increases Baltic Presence as Norway Approves US Marines at Vaernes Base’ (Sputnik 2016o). Numerous articles describe animosity to Russia. In one story, a Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson link Norway’s decision to permit US troop in Norway with ‘anti-Russian hysteria’ (Sputnik 2016p). In another, Norway is portrayed as an important country powerful enough to disrupt Russian national interests and security (Sputnik 2017t).Norway as a friendThe contrasting subplot of Norway as a friend describes how the two countries share borders in a friendly and cooperative fashion. Numerous stories focus on existing or future cooperation. Here we learn that Norway and Russia are developing trade deals and facilitating visa agreements. One such story is the article ‘Alley of friendship planted in Nikel on border of Russian and Norway’ (Sputnik 2018k). The subplot also includes stories describing Norway as accepting Russia’s position on Crimea. This theme occurs in 2017 and 2018 (Sputnik 2018l; 2017u). In 2017, we learn that the UN has released a report on human rights violations in Crimea. However, a delegation of Norwegian politicians (not mentioned by name nor position) and businesspeople claim violations have not occurred.They joke around saying they might be accused of being Putin’s agents, while also arguing that it is important that people know the truth about Crimea. They are cited as intending to initiate discussions in Norway on the issue, although it ‘won’t be easy’ (Sputnik 2017u). The ambiguous subplot The narratives of Norway as an enemy and friend are pitted against each other in the third subplot, which describes negative actions taken by the Norwegian government. One example is the military exercise Trident Juncture in 2018. described as a ‘part of a new cold war’ (Sputnik 2018m). In the article, a critical Norwegian expert at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs underlines that the drill ‘must be seen as one of numerous factors increasing the tension between Norway and Russia’. It is further stated that the drill has been condemned by Russia and that ‘Russia (and many Norwegian politicians) believe Norway is violating its self-imposed ban from 1949 on foreign bases on Norwegian soil’ (Sputnik 2018n). The article cites two Norwegian politicians critical to the government, arguing that the US will not protect the Norwegian people if war comes. In another story, Sputnik reports on the Parliament being unaware of Norway’s plans to host 300 US marines (Sputnik 2016q). Another story describes a Norwegian opposition politician questioning the prudence of US aircrafts on Norwegian soil. Sputnik refers to unspecified ‘Norwegian defense sources’ critical of the idea, as it would provoke Russia (Sputnik 2018n). In 2019, Sputnik reports on Norway’s refusal to participate in NATO’s missile defence shield, a project that causes tension between Norway and Russia. Here, the narrator highlights that NATO’s Secretary General used to oppose the missile defence network when he headed Norway’s Labour party. Hence, this is a story of Norwegians being divided, with some working against, and some working more in line with Russian interests (Sputnik 2019m).Sputnik articles 2014a. ‘Russia-Finland Relations an Example of Good Neighborliness’, 3 Oct. 2014b. ‘Russia-Finland Business to Business Contact Shows No Sign of Decreasing’, 16 Oct. 2014c. ‘US Welcomes Australia, Turkey, Denmark Joining Anti-IS Operation’, 4 Oct. 2015a. ‘Yandex Data Center Keeps 5,000 Homes Warm in Finland With Waste Heat’, 24 Oct. 2015b. ‘Finland Becomes Third Popular Country for Asylum Seekers in EU, 12 Oct. 2015c. ‘Sweden, Finland Accept 68 Refugees Under EU Relocation Scheme’, 21 Oct. 2015d. ‘Finland Busts Key Refugee Myth: They Are Mostly Male and Not From Syria’, 3 Oct. 2015e. ‘'Don't Come': Finland Launches Facebook Campaign to Grapple With Migration’, 24 Oct. 2015f. ‘I'm a Refugee, Get Me Out of Here! Iraqis Queuing Up to Flee Finland’, 8 October. 2015g. EMB Assange Lawyers Likely to Take Legal Action against Sweden. 20 Oct. 2015h. ‘NGO Condemn Sweden's Participation in NATO Drone Killings in Afghanistan’, 2 Oct.2015i. ‘Sweden Burns Amid Anti-Migrant Mayhem as Arson Attacks Continue’, 29 Oct. 2015j. 'I Don't Know This Sweden', Says PM Lofven After Latest Asylum Center Arson. 21 Oct. 2015k. ‘Denmark Will Get Final Say on EU Migration Policies’, 6 Oct. 2015l. ‘Dutch TV: 'Refugees: Do Not Come to the Netherlands…Go to Denmark Instead'’, 15 Oct. 2015m. ‘Denmark Weighs Fighting Rape by Migrants With Voluntary Course on Consent’, 29 Oct. 2015n. ‘Denmark Zoo Invites Public to Attend 'Authentic' Lion Dissection’, 8 Oct. 2015o. ‘UN Asks Denmark to Send Troops, Equipment to 'Dangerous' Mission in Mali’, 22 Oct. 2016a. ‘Finland Defends Direct Diplomatic Contacts With Russia’, 13 Oct. 2016b. ‘Finland Considers Re-Arming ?land After 160 Years of Peace’, 17 October. 2016c. ‘Finland's Ex-President Hopes for Cooperation With Putin to Make Future Brighter’, 27 Oct. 2016d. ‘Finland to Continue Arctic Cooperation With Russia in Framework of Sanctions’, 13 Oct. 2016e. ‘Finland, Estonia to Build First Gas Pipeline Between 2 Countries’, 21 Oct. 2016f. ‘Norway, Finland Reluctant to Make Child Return Arrangements With Russia’. 21 Oct. 2016g. ‘Finland Steps Up Defense Cooperation With US, Eyes NATO Membership’, 10 Oct.2016h. ‘EU Allocates Over $5,5Mln to Finland for Refugees Projects’, 13 Oct. 2016i. ‘Copping Out: Sweden Relies on Private Guards to Counter Lack of Police’. 7 Oct. 2016j. ‘Resting in Peace: Sweden Gets First Religion-Neutral Cemetery’. 19 Oct.2016k. ‘Tables Turned: Emigration From Sweden Eclipses 19th Century Mass Exodus to US.’ 13 Oct.2016l. ‘Shooting Injures At Least 4 in Denmark’s Capital’, 7 Oct. 2016m. ‘The Usual Suspects: Foreign Crime Doubles in Denmark’, 14 Oct. 2016n. ‘Denmark Prepares to Give the Green Light to High Drivers’, 6 Oct. 2016o. ‘Norway Forks Up for Border Fences and Surveillance Cameras’, 26 Oct. 2016p. ‘US Troops Deployment Contradicts Norway's Peacetime Foreign Military Base Policy’, 28 October.2016q. ‘Norway Mulls Hosting 300 US Marines at Vaernes Military Base’, 10 Oct. 2017a. ‘Imagine Russian Energy Switched Off in Finland: Food Shortages, Spike in Prices’, 16 Oct. 2017b. ‘Finnish President Rejects Presence of Russian Threat to Finland, Poland, Baltics’, 17 Oct. 2017c. ‘Fall Freak-Out? Pro-NATO Rhetoric Skyrockets in Finland’, 17 Oct. 2017d. ‘Russia, Finland Rescue Teams to Run Drills Near Shared Border’, 12 Oct. 2017e. ‘Finland Open to Cybersecurity Cooperation With Russia’, 20 Oct. 2017f. Sweden Trains to Defend Its Neighbor in Finland's Biggest Air Drill, 10 Oct. 2017g. ‘Soldiers to Supplement Crime-Hit Sweden's Struggling Police, 3 Oct. 2017h. Next Door Neighbors Finland, Sweden Divided Over Nord Stream 2. 30 Oct. 2017i. Extreme Conditions, Extreme Responses: Sweden Mulls Using Army in Ghettos. 23 Oct.2017j. Money, Money, Money: Sweden to Become World's First Cashless Society by 2023. 11 Oct.2017k. Planned Mosque on Historic Battlefield Invokes Debate on Sweden’s ’Rootlessness’. 17 Oct. 2017l. Mental States: Finland, Sweden Lead EU in Number of Psychiatrists per Capita. 11 Oct. Sputnik 2017m. Do We Hear Wedding Bells? Sweden Mulls Pros and Contras of Polygamy. 20 Oct.2017n. ‘Make Yourself at Home! Denmark Unveils World's 'Most Humane' Prison’, 5 Oct. 2017o. ‘Headless Cocks: Chickens Executed for Kids' Education Arouse Debate in Denmark’, 13 Oct. 2017p. ‘Denmark to Boost Defense Budget by Nearly $760 Mln by 2023’, 11 Oct. 2017q. ‘Denmark Revs Up 'Russian Threat' to Ensure Defense Beef-Up’, 13 Oct. 2017r. ‘Alternative Route Bypassing Denmark Devised for Nord Stream-2 Pipeline’, 6 Oct.2017s. ‘Viking Link: 'Wind Superpower' Denmark, UK to Draw World's Longest Power Cable’, 30 Oct. 2017t. ‘Norway to Step Up Military Presence in Region Bordering Russia’, 13 Oct. 2017u. ‘Norway’s Delegation Seeking Cooperation with Crimea after Visiting Region’, 11 Oct. 2018a. ‘Finland Welcomes Idea to Create Joint Investment Fund With Russia’, 30 Oct.2018b. ‘Grown-Ups Only: Finland to Close the Door for Minors to Marry’, 26 Oct.2018c. 'Who Is Surprised?' 'Daesh Recruiter' Reportedly Runs Free School in Sweden. 3 Oct..2018d. ‘Researcher Blames Migration as Sweden Hits Europe's Lowest GDP Growth Per Capita’. 10 Oct.2018e. ‘Sweden Launches Hand Grenade Amnesty in Bid to End Explosive Gang Violence’, 17 Oct.2018f. ‘Diets Instead of Religion: “Extremist” Sweden Finds New “God”.’ 18 Oct. 2018g. ‘Austria, Denmark Present Plan on Curbing Illegal Migration’, 4 Oct. 2018h. ‘Denmark Sees Organized Crime Wave Amid Influx of Georgian Asylum Seekers’, 31 Oct. 2018i. ‘Denmark Deciding Nord Stream 2’s Fate’, 18 Oct. 2018j. ‘Denmark Pledges to Stop Diesel, Petrol Cars by 2030 in 'Ambitious' Climate Plan’, 2 Oct. 2018k. ‘Hyundai Heavy Industries Company Receives $210Mln Oil Tanker Order from Norway’. 1 Oct. 2018l. ‘Head of Norway’s Delegation to Crimea Says Peninsula Russia's 'Legitimate Part', 3 Oct. 2018m. ‘Gigantic NATO Drill in Norway Spurs Fears of 'Record Speed' Cold War’, 25 Oct.2018n. 'Unwise': Politician Slams US Aircraft Carrier Joining NATO Drills in Norway’, 10 Oct. 2019a. ‘Holy Greta! Archbishop of Sweden Compares 16-Year-Old Climate Alarmist to Biblical Prophets’, 1 Oct. 2019b. ‘Former Scania CEO Warns of Upcoming Civil War in Sweden’, 29 Oct. 2019c. ‘Political Science Prof Calls Sweden 'Demographic Experiment of Historical Dimensions'’, 2 Oct. 2019d. ‘Sweden Doubles First-Generation Immigrants in Less Than Two Decades’, 15 Oct. 2019e. ‘Denmark Passes Law to Withdraw Jihadists' Citizenship Without Court Order’, 24 Oct.2019f. ‘Denmark Speeds Up Bill to Deprive Daesh Terrorists of Citizenship Amid Turkish Operation’, 15 Oct.2019g. ‘Big Brother on Steroids': Denmark in for 'Massive' Increase in Public Surveillance Over Gang Crime’, 10 Oct. 2019h. ‘'Interesting Idea': Broad Support in Denmark to Send European Troops to Syria’, 24 Oct.2019i. ‘Nord Stream 2 Operator Sees Good Chances to Secure Denmark's Permit’, 3 Oct.2019j. ‘Russian Gas More Profitable Than US LNG, Ex-Austrian Envoy Says as Denmark Hampers Nord Stream 2’, 26 Oct. 2019k. ‘Germany Welcomes Denmark’s Decision to Permit Construction of Nord Stream 2’, 30 Oct.2019l. ‘Russia Will Take NATO’s Increased Presence in Norway into Account in Defence Planning’, 25 Oct. 2019m. ‘Norway Says No to NATO’s Missile Defence Shield’, 8 Oct. ................
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