Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Donald G ...

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distribution is unlimited.

Air Force Chief of Staff

Gen John P. Jumper

Commander, Air Education

and Training Command

Gen Donald G. Cook

Commander, Air University

Lt Gen Donald A. Lamontagne



Commander, College of Aer

Doctrine, Research and Education

Col Bobby J. Wilkes

Editor

Lt Col Anthony C. Cain



Senior Editor

Lt Col Malcolm D. Grimes

Associate Editor

Maj Donald R. Ferguson

Professional Staff

Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor

Larry Carter, Contributing Editor

Mary J. Moore, Editorial Assistant

Steven C. Garst, Director of Art and Production

Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator

L. Susan Fair, Illustrator

Ann Bailey, Prepress Production Manager



Air and Space Power Chronicles

Luetwinder T. Eaves, Managing Editor

The Air and Space Power Journal, published quarterly,

is the professional flagship publication of the United

States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open

forum for the presentation and stimulation of innova?

tive thinking on military doctrine, strategy, tactics,

force structure, readiness, and other matters of na?

tional defense. The views and opinions expressed or

implied in the Journal are those of the authors and

should not be construed as carrying the official sanc?

tion of the Department of Defense, the Air Force, Air

Education and Training Command, Air University, or

other agencies or departments of the US government.

Articles in this edition may be reproduced in whole or

in part without permission. If they are reproduced,

the Air and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy

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Visit Air and Space Power Journal on-line

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Spring 2003

Volume XVII, No. 1

AFRP 10-1

A Word from the Chairman: Understanding Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gen Richard B. Myers, USAF

5

Developing Space Power: Building on the Airpower Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hon. Peter B. Teets

11

Prelaunch Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

Flight Lines

Air and Space Power: Asymmetric Advantage for the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

Ricochets and Replies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

Vortices

The Air and Space Nation Is in Peril . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Phillip S. Meilinger

20

Needles in the Haystack: Hunting Mobile Electronic Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maj Michael Pietrucha, USAF

32

PIREP

F-35: The ¡°F¡± Stands for ¡°Future¡± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

John Kent

41

Features

High Ground over the Homeland: Issues in the Use of Space Assets

for Homeland Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lt Col (sel) S. Didi Kuo, PhD, USAF

47

The Looming Biological Warfare Storm: Misconceptions and

Probable Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Col (Dr.) Jim A. Davis, USAF

57

Not with Impunity: Assessing US Policy for Retaliating to a Chemical

or Biological Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lt Col Harry W. Conley, USAF

69

The Emerging Biocruise Threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Col Rex R. Kiziah, USAF

81

Complexity-Based Targeting: New Sciences Provide Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Col Robert W. Freniere, USAF

Cmdr John Q. Dickmann, USN, Retired

Cmdr Jeffrey R. Cares, USNR

95

Attack Operations: First Layer of an Integrated Missile Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Lt Col Merrick E. Krause, USAF

Command and Control Doctrine for Combat Support: Strategic- and

Operational-Level Concepts for Supporting the Air and Space Expeditionary Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Maj Gen Terry L. Gabreski, USAF

James A. Leftwich

Col (Dr.) Robert Tripp, USAF, Retired

Dr. C. Robert Roll Jr.

Maj Cauley von Hoffman, USAF

Mission Debrief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Air and Space Power Journal Board of Reviewers

Prof. Tami Davis Biddle

US Army War College

Lt Col Price T. Bingham, USAF, Retired

Melbourne, Florida

Lt Col Matthew Caffrey, USAFR

Operations Directorate

Headquarters USAF

Dr. Tom Keaney

School of Advanced International Studies

Johns Hopkins University

Prof. Theodore Kluz

USAF Air War College

Dr. Charles Krupnick

US Army War College

Brig Gen Phillip D. Caine, USAF, Retired

Monument, Colorado

Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth

RAND

Dr. Don D. Chipman

USAF Squadron Officer College

Lt Col David MacIsaac, USAF, Retired

Montgomery, Alabama

Dr. Clayton K. S. Chun

US Army War College

Dr. Karl P. Magyar

Montgomery, Alabama

Dr. Mark Clodfelter

National War College

Col Edward Mann, USAF, Retired

Colorado Springs, Colorado

Dr. James Corum

USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies

Dr. Conrad Crane

Strategic Studies Institute

US Army War College

Dr. Dik A. Daso

National Air and Space Museum

Smithsonian Institution

Dr. Lee Dowdy

Alabama State University

Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF, Retired

USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies

Brig Gen Charles Dunlap Jr., USAF

Staff Judge Advocate

USAF Air Combat Command

Dr. Stephen Fought

USAF Air War College

Col David M. Glanz, USA, Retired

Journal of Slavic Military Studies

Col Thomas E. Griffith Jr., USAF

USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies

Dr. John F. Guilmartin Jr.

The Ohio State University

Dr. Grant T. Hammond

Center for Strategy and Technology

Air University

Prof. Daniel Hughes

USAF Air War College

Dr. Thomas Hughes

USAF Air War College

Lt Col Mark P. Jelonek, USAF

Space Division

USAF Weapons School

Dr. Jerome V. Martin

Peru State College

Col Phillip Meilinger, USAF, Retired

Science Applications International Corporation

Prof. John H. Morrow Jr.

University of Georgia

Dr. Daniel Mortensen

USAF College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research

and Education

Prof. James Mowbray

USAF Air War College

Dr. Karl Mueller

RAND

Dr. Richard R. Muller

USAF Air Command and Staff College

Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Dr. Reina J. Pennington

Norwich University

Dr. James Smith

USAF Institute for National Security Studies

Col James Spencer, USAF

USAF Academy

Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired

Toffler Associates

Dr. James Titus

USAF Academy

Col Mark Wells, USAF

USAF Academy

Dr. Kenneth P. Werrell

Christiansburg, Virginia

Dr. Harold R. Winton

USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies

3

Air War Plans Division 1

The Air Plan That Defeated Hitler

ASPJ STAFF

In August 1941, four men,

all former instructors at the

Air Corps Tactical School

(ACTS) at Maxwell Field,

Alabama, reported to the

Air War Plans Division

(AWPD) in Washington,

D.C., to lay the foundation

for a comprehensive, strate?

gic air war plan. Lt Col Hal

George called upon Maj

Laurence Kuter, Maj Ken

Walker, and Maj Haywood S. Hansell Jr. to answer a request

from President Franklin D. Roosevelt for a ¡°production

plan to defeat our enemies¡±¡ªone that would outline spe?

cific air requirements for industrial mobilization should

the United States become embroiled in a war. After nine

days, the team delivered a briefing to Gen Henry Arnold

and Gen George C. Marshall that specified production

requirements for 13,083 bombers; 8,775 fighters; 2,043

observation and photographic aircraft; 2,560 transports;

and 37,051 trainers¡ªan astounding total of 63,512 aircraft.

Although these numbers were impressive, the planners ex?

ceeded Roosevelt¡¯s tasking by recommending a strategy for

prosecuting the war against the Axis powers. That strategy

assumed that airpower could achieve strategic and political

objectives in a fundamentally new way.

Building upon untested airpower theories (taught

throughout the 1930s at ACTS) that relied upon selfdefending, high-altitude daylight bombers, the team first

envisioned a strategic defensive in the Pacific theater

while prosecuting an all-out air war against Germany. Air

forces would concentrate for 18 months before launching

an intensive six-month air campaign against Nazi Germany.

The forces that had assembled at bases in Great Britain

would focus on industrial target systems¡ªthe ¡°industrial

web¡±¡ªthat supported the German war effort. Electrical

power, rail and canal transportation, petroleum produc?

tion, and other industries formed the backbone of any in?

dustrial power. The AWPD staff also recognized that the

German Luftwaffe would mount a strong defense. Con?

sequently, the enemy air force became an ¡°intermediate

objective of overriding priority.¡± Allied strategists later in?

corporated elements of AWPD-1 into AWPD-42 and the

plans for the Combined Bomber Offensive that com?

manders used to prosecute the air war against Germany.

To Learn More . . .

Biddle, Tami Davis. Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare: The Evolution of British and American Ideas about Strategic Bombing,

1914¨C1945. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Cate, James Lea, and E. Kathleen Williams. ¡°The Air Corps Prepares for War, 1939¨C41.¡± In The Army Air Forces in World

War II. Vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942. Edited by Wesley Frank Craven and James Lea

Cate. 1948. New imprint, Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1983.

Faber, Lt Col Peter R. ¡°Interwar US Army Aviation and the Air Corps Tactical School: Incubators of American Airpower.¡± In The Paths of Heaven: The Evolution of Airpower Theory. Edited by Col Phillip S. Meilinger. Maxwell AFB, Ala.:

Air University Press, 1997.

Hansell, Haywood S., Jr. The Air Plan That Defeated Hitler. Atlanta, Ga.: Higgins-McArthur/Longino & Porter, 1972.

Murray, Williamson. ¡°Strategic Bombing: The British, American, and German Experiences.¡± In Military Innovation in the

Interwar Period. Edited by Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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