Literary Analysis
Literary Analysis
Summarizing Sentence Frames
|Beginning of story/poem |Middle of story or poem |End of story or poem |
|In the beginning of the story/poem |In the middle of the story/poem,….. |At the end of the story/poem,…. |
| | | |
|The story/poem begins with |Then,…. Next,….. Later in the story/poem |Finally,…..Ultimately,…. |
| | | |
|Initially, (main character/speaker) |As the story/poem progresses,….. |Due to (the fact that,/as a result of…, the |
|(feels/believes) _____________ because/due | |main character/speaker feels/believes…… |
|to/the fact that/as a result of ……. |As this point in the story/poem, the | |
| |character/speaker feels ____________ | |
| |because/due to/the fact that/as a result of …….| |
|Example: Initially, the speaker feels forlorn |Later in the poem, the speaker is looking at |At the end of the poem, the speaker sees a |
|as a result of standing in front of the war |all the names on the wall of people who have |reflection of a woman in the wall. Initially, |
|memorial looking at his reflection. |died. He touches the name of someone he knows, |he thinks that she is trying to erase the |
| |and ten remembers images form the war. As the |names; however, she is simply brushing a boy’s |
| |poem progresses, he sees more people stopping |hair. |
| |to visit the memorial, including a Vietnam | |
| |Veteran. As a result, more memories of the war | |
| |enter his mind. | |
Identifying Theme
|Topic |Theme (Author’s perspective) |Theme (Character’s Perspective) |
|The text addresses/explores the topic of |The author reveals/conveys/suggests to that…. |The (main character/speaker) |
|________________. | |discovers/realizes/ascertains that…. |
|__________________ by ___________ | | |
|addresses/explores/discusses/ | |The (main character/speaker) understands that |
|examines….. | |people must_____ so that ______ |
Introducing a Topic
|Summary |Claim |
|In the (story/poem/novel, ______________ by __________, the |The author conveys the theme of … by using (literacy element) and (literary |
|author explores/examines/ |element). |
|illustrates/demonstrates/conveys….. | |
| |The author uses (literary element) to illustrate/ |
|Initially,____ As the story progresses,…./ |demonstrate/convey/explore/emphasize….(theme) |
| |__________’s use of (literary element) and (literary element) in the |
|Throughout the poem,…./Ultimately,…. |(story/poem/novel) helps to express/ convey/illustrate/explore….(theme) |
| | |
| |By using (literary element) and (literary element), the author |
| |illustrates/conveys/demonstrates/ delves into….(theme) |
|Ex: In the poem, “Facing It,” by Yusef Komunyakaa, the |Example: Komunakaa’s use of imagery and figurative language in the poem helps to |
|author addresses the emotional effects of war. Throughout |express the speaker’s internal struggles with his war experiences an dot convey |
|the poem, the speaker stares at the Vietnam War Memorial and|the difficulty of a painful past. |
|observes the reflections of others around him. Images of the| |
|war cannot escape his mind and neither can his conflicting | |
|emotions. | |
Citing and Analyzing Evidence
|Topic Sentence |Textual Evidence |Paraphrase |Analysis |
|(Literary Element) |(It says) |(I say) |(And so..) |
|What literary element does the |What textual evidence supports |What is the textual evidence saying|What is your interpretation of this |
|author use in the text and WHY? How|your reasoning for why the author |(IN YOUR OWN WORDS) |textual evidence? How does it |
|does the author’s use of this |uses this literary element (topic | |connect to your topic sentence |
|literary element affect your |sentence) | | |
|understanding or interpretation of | | | |
|the text | | | |
|BP#1 |For example, on page ____ (or in |In other words, the |From this, (I/we/it) can infer |
|The author uses _____ to |lines____), the character/speaker/|character/speaker/ narrator |that______ |
|illustrate/convey/ |narrator says, “…..” |is_________ | |
|demonstrate/reveal…. | | |This can be interpreted to |
| |As an illustration, in the text on|In this quote, (the author/ |mean______ |
|The auto her uses ____ to help |page ____ (or in lines____), it |character/speaker | |
|visualize, understand/ |reads, “___” |compares/describes/refers to_____ |The author/This |
|realize/connect….. | | |suggests/conveys/intimates/ |
| |For instance, in the text it |At this point in the story/poem, |Implies/illustrates_____ |
|The author includes _____, as a |states, _____________” |the character/ speaker is….. | |
|result/ consequently, the reader…..| | |____refers to/represents____ |
| |To illustrate this idea/theme, the|That is to say, the | |
|By using __________, the author |author describes…. |character/speaker |Possibly/Maybe the character/speaker|
|suggests/intimates/ implies….. | |(feels/thinks/believes)____ |is_____ |
| |The description on page ____ (or | | |
|The use of _____ helps the reader |lines____) is a perfect |In the literal sense/Literally |____may suggest (is suggesting) that|
|visualize/connect with (to), |illustration of ______ (cite |speaking_____ |____ |
|understand…. |description) | | |
| | |In the figurative |____, suggesting/implying/ |
|The author illustrates/ conveys/ |The following lines “_____” |sense/Figuratively speaking |Intimating______ |
|reveals the theme of ______ by……. |illustrate/ demonstrate this idea |___________ | |
| |of [cite lines/quote] | |It seems to me that _____ |
| | |Here, we note that the | |
| |For example/For instance/As an |character/speaker______ |On a figurative level (Figuratively |
| |illustration, lines _____ read, | |speaking),____ |
| |“___” |To sum up/In summary, the | |
| | |character/speaker____ |Like/Similar to ______, ________ is |
| | | |compared to ______ because____ |
| | |According to the | |
| | |author/speaker,_____ |The author makes this comparison |
| | | |because/so that ______ |
| | |Basically, the author/speaker is | |
| | |saying___ | |
| | | | |
| | |In making this comment (or doing | |
| | |this action), the character/speaker| |
| | |is___ | |
|BP #2 | | | |
|Another example of _____ used to | | | |
|illustrate/convey/ | | | |
|demonstrate/reveal_____ is…… | | | |
| | | | |
|______ is also used to | | | |
|illustrate/convey/ demonstrate/ | | | |
|reveal….. | | | |
| | | | |
|Additionally/Furthermore, | | | |
|Moreover/Finally, the author uses | | | |
|_____to illustrate/convey/ | | | |
|demonstrate/reveal…. | | | |
| | | | |
|The use of ______ is another | | | |
|literary element the author uses to| | | |
|help the reader visualize/ | | | |
|understand/ connect…… | | | |
Providing a Conclusion
|Claim (rephrase) |Evaluation |Personal Reflection |
|As one can see,/Upon examination, the use |The author’s use of these literary elements is |After reading______, I realize(d)____ |
|__________ and ________ in the text helps to |very effective/successful/powerful because…. | |
|convey_____ | |This story/poem is reminiscent of _______ |
| |Due to/As a result these | |
|To sum up,/In summary, the author conveys the |effective/successful/powerful use of these |By reading ______, helps me to understand/makes|
|theme of ____ by using (literary element) and |literary elements, the author (name of author) |me realize that _______ |
|(literary element)___ |is able to ____ | |
| | |Upon reflection, the (story/novel/ poem) is |
|Form this analysis, we can see that the author |The effective/successful/ powerful use of these|reminiscent of _____ |
|uses (literary element)_ to |literary elements results in_______ | |
|illustrate/demonstrate/convey/ | |By reading _______________, it reminds me of |
|explore/emphasize ____(theme) | |_____________ |
| | | |
|Upon analysis of (title of story/poem), (name | | |
|of author)’s use of (literary element) and | | |
|(literary element) in the (story/poem/novel) | | |
|helps to express/convey/illustrate/explore | | |
|______ (theme) | | |
| | | |
|Overall, by using (literary element) and | | |
|(literary element) the author | | |
|illustrates/conveys/demonstrate/ delves into | | |
|____(theme) | | |
| | | |
|Upon examination, through the use of (literary | | |
|element) and (literary element), ______ | | |
|communicates/conveys/reveals…. | | |
| | | |
|Upon analysis of “Facing it”, Komunyakaa’s use |The successful use of these literary elements | |
|of figurative language and imagery in the pome |results in our ability to visualize the speaker| |
|helps to illustrate the intense feelings and |staring solemnly at The Wall and sympathize | |
|emotional consequences of war. |with him as he struggles to confront his past | |
| |and his fears. | |
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