SCIENCE Using Natural Resources for Energy - Core Knowledge

[Pages:178]SCIENCE

Using Natural Resources for Energy

Teacher Guide

Energy from fossil fuels Wind energy

Hydroelectric energy

Using Natural Resources for Energy

Teacher Guide

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ISBN: 978-1-68380-531-1

Using Natural Resources for Energy

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Building Science Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Using the Student Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Using the Teacher Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Materials and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Sample Pacing Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Pacing Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Part A Problem-Based Learning Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Lesson 1 Introduction to Cost-Benefit Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Part B Natural Resources: Renewable and Nonrenewable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Lesson 2 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lesson 3 Cost-Benefit Analysis Outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Part C Using Nonrenewable Resources for Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Lesson 4 Types of Fossil Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Lesson 5 Using Fossil Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Lesson 6 Researching Fossil Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Lesson 7 Nuclear Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Lesson 8 Researching Nuclear Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Part D Using Renewable Resources for Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Lesson 9 Wind Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Lesson 10 Researching Use of Wind Turbines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Lesson 11 Hydroelectric Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Lesson 12 Researching Use of Hydroelectric Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Lesson 13 Solar Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Lesson 14 Researching Use of Solar Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Lesson 15 Geothermal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Lesson 16 Researching Use of Geothermal Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Lesson 17 Energy Resource Innovations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Part E Sharing the Costs and Benefits of Natural Resource Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Unit Capstone Analysis Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Teacher Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Activity Page Masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 A. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 B. Classroom Safety for Activities and Demonstrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 C. Strategies for Acquiring Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 D. Advance Preparation for Activities and Demonstrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 E. What to Do When Activities Don't Give Expected Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Using Natural Resources for Energy

Teacher Guide

Core Knowledge ScienceTM 4

UNIT 5

Introduction

ABOUT THIS UNIT

The Big Idea

This unit focuses on human use of nonrenewable and renewable natural resources for energy.

Students will learn about the renewable and nonrenewable resources that people use for energy and the uses of new technologies that protect the environment. We use energy every day of our lives. The sound energy from an alarm clock wakes us up. And if we ride to school in a regular bus, we use the energy from fossil fuels such as gasoline. Much of our electrical energy is generated at coal-burning or nuclear power plants as well.

The energy we use is derived ultimately from Earth's natural resources, which can be classified as either renewable or nonrenewable. Petroleum is extracted from the ground. Coal is mined from beneath the surface of Earth. Wind and solar energy are harnessed to power our energy needs as well. The extraction and use of natural resources must be done with care.

Our history has shown that the unwise use of resources can damage the air, land, and water around us. However, new and improved technology can lessen the environmental impact of extracting and using resources. And on the individual level, people can do many things to protect the environment and ensure that nonrenewable resources continue to be available.

Note to Teachers and Curriculum Planners

This unit introduces Grade 4 students to real-world examples and fundamental concepts that will be explored in greater depth in later grades. Students will learn about how energy and fuels are derived from natural resources. The following are preliminary considerations for planning and instruction relative to this unit:

? Examples of renewable energy found in this unit include wind, solar, and hydroelectric technologies. This unit extends learning from CKSci Grade 4 Unit 1, Energy Transfer and Transformation.

? Nonrenewable energy sources learned in this unit include fossil fuels and fissile materials (nuclear energy); however, the exact mechanism of fission is not part of the unit's learning objectives.

? Students investigate cause-and-effect relationships between habitats and human use of resources during this unit. Based on their learning across the unit, the focus extends prior knowledge, such as that from CKSci Grade 3 Unit 3, Habitats and Change, in order for students to combine and communicate information about the costs and benefits of different types of energy resources.

INTRODUCTION

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Note to Core Knowledge Teachers

Thanks to ongoing research in the field, our understanding of how children learn continues to evolve. In the subject area of science, in particular, students benefit from not just reading about concepts and ideas, but also hands-on experiences. Following the release of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), the Core Knowledge Foundation used this opportunity to update and enhance the science portion of the 2010 Core Knowledge Sequence. The result of this effort is the revised 2019 Core Knowledge Science Sequence.

While there have been some shifts in the grade levels at which certain topics are recommended, the fundamental principles of pedagogy inherent to the Core Knowledge approach, such as the importance of building a sequential, coherent, and cumulative knowledge base, have been retained.

Online Resources

To download the 2019 Core Knowledge Science Sequence, use the links found in the Online Resources Guide.

cksci-online-resources

This science unit, aligned to the 2019 Core Knowledge Science Sequence and informed by NGSS, embodies Core Knowledge's vision of best practices in science instruction and knowledge-based schooling, such as the following:

? building students' knowledge of core ideas in life, physical, and Earth sciences, as well as engineering design

? developing scientific practices that give students firsthand experience in scientific inquiry, engineering, and technology

? connecting scientific learning to concepts across various disciplines, such as mathematics and literacy

To see how you can continue to use your current Core Knowledge materials with the 2019 CKSciTM curriculum, please see below an example of how this unit compares to the 2010 Core Knowledge Sequence.

Examples of content retained from the 2010 Core Knowledge Sequence

Ecology (Grade 3) ? Threats to the environment ? Measures to protect the environment Energy (Grade 6) ? The many forms of energy are

interchangeable, for example, gasoline in a car, windmills, and hydroelectric plants. ? Sources of energy: for example, heat (coal, natural gas, solar, atomic, geothermal, and thermonuclear), mechanical motion (such as falling water, wind) ? Fossil fuels: a finite resource

Examples of Core Knowledge content in this CKSci unit

Natural Resources ? Humans use natural resources to provide energy for

much of modern life. ? Examples: using coal, wind, and water to produce

electricity; oil and wood for heating; and gasoline to fuel cars Using Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources ? Fossil fuels: materials burned to produce heat; formed from the remains of once-living organisms ? New and improving technologies for using renewable resources for energy ? Environmental risks of using any type of resource

For a complete look at how CKSci relates to the 2010 Sequence, please refer to the full Correlation Charts available for download using the Online Resources Guide for this unit:

cksci-online-resources

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USING NATURAL RESOURCES FOR ENERGY

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