The Cold War (1948-1989)
The Cold War (________-________)
Cold War – _______________________ or ______________ but NO ________________________ between the __________________________ and the ___________________________________________
• This rivalry divided the world into _________________ ________________ (capitalism vs. communism)
Everything you need to know about the ORIGINS of the COLD WAR
1. The Yalta Conference (meeting in______________________) Feb, 1945
• Meeting of the “___________________________” (Stalin, ____________________, Churchill)
• Met to discuss the plan of post war Europe
• Decided to __________________Germany into __________ countries
• Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that _________________ had the right to control the governments of ______________________ after the war
2. Rivalry between the Unites States and the USSR
|USA: |USSR: |
| | |
|- Encouraged ___________________ and _______________________ |- Encouraged_______________________ and _______________________ |
| | |
|- Worked to ___________________________ or stop the spread of communism |- Worked to stop the US influence in ___________ Europe |
3. Capitalism vs. Communism
|CAPITALISM – an ____________________ system where business is ___________________|COMMUNISM – an ____________________ system where people _____________ work fairly|
|owned and ___________ is used to make more _____________ |and ____________ equally |
| | |
|- “_____________ _______________” – everyone is _____________ to pursue any |- The goal is to get rid of __________ ____________ and make everything fair for |
|economic activity |everyone |
| | |
|- Capitalism creates ___________ ____________ - upper, middle, and poor |- The _____________ was _____________________ and ruled by a |
| |________________________ |
| | |
| |- The government controlled all businesses |
4. The “Iron Curtain”
• _______________________ and the western half of ____________________ and Berlin was made up of ______________________ nations
• ______________________ and the eastern half of _____________________ and Berlin was ______________________________
• Iron Curtain - divided them – also divided ________________ in __________________ Europe and __________________ in _____________ Europe
On the map to the right:
1. Shade Western Europe BLUE and shade Eastern Europe RED.
2. HIGHLIGHT the “Iron Curtain”.
5. President Truman and the Policy of Containment
• President ___________________ did not like _________________________________
• Truman created a policy of _________________________ - to __________ the spread of ______________________________
• Marshall Plan (created by George Marshall) provided ___________ (money) to countries in ________________ to rebuild after WWII.
• The goal was to stop the spread of ____________________________________
REVIEW:
1. Capitalism vs. Communism - write CAP for Capitalism or COM for Communism:
_____ encourages “free enterprise”
_____ No social classes
_____ Work and pay shared equally
_____ Business owned privately
_____ Money is used to make more money
2. Matching
|_____ created by President Truman to stop the spread of communism |A. Cold War |
|_____ the goal was to stop the spread of communism by providing aid to countries |B. Yalta Conference |
|_____ tension but no fighting between the USA and USSR |C. Iron Curtain |
|_____ divided West and East Europe AND Democracy and Communism |D. Policy of Containment |
|_____ at this meeting, the Big Three decided Stalin could control countries in East Europe |E. Marshall Plan |
Major CONFLICTS of the Cold War (________-________)
1. NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
• North __________________ Treaty ________________________ (1949): _____________________ alliance with ______________, Canada, and_______ _________________ European countries
• Warsaw Pact (1955): USSR viewed ________________ as a threat and created the Warsaw Pact
o ______________________ alliance between USSR and seven _________________ European countries
Use the map to complete the following:
Shade NATO (Area One) BLUE
Shade Warsaw Pact (Area Two) RED.
2. Nuclear Weapons and the Theory of Deterrence
• Soviet Union exploded its first Atomic bomb in ________________________
• Now there were two countries with nuclear weapons.
• Cold war led to an ________________________________ and fear of WWIII involving nuclear weapons
• Theory of Deterrence: the US was able and ___________________ to respond to any Soviet _______________________ attack with an ___________________ destructive strike
• An attack would result in the ___________of the ____________and because of this was known, an attack _____________________occurred.
• Deterrence is the opposite of __________________________________________.
3. Korean War (________________-________________)
• Korea: a ________________________________ colony divided into ______________ Korean nations (__________ __________________)
o North Korean: Kim Il-Sung controlled _______________________ North
o South Korea: Syngman Rhee controlled ___________________________ South
• North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 in a surprise attack
• ________________ __________________ committed US forces to defend ________________________
• Truman thought North Korea was repeating what the Axis powers tried to accomplish in the 1930s
• General MacArthur led UN forces against North Korea
• ___________________________________ the leader of China sent troops in to fight MacArthur and the US
• In 1953, North and South Korea signed an armistice (_____________________) leaving Korea divided along the __________________________________
In your own words, how did the Korean War end?
• Stalin dies in 1953 - __________________________________ emerges as the leader of the Soviet Union.
4. Berlin Wall (__________)
• To stop people from moving to ____________ Berlin from communism, a _____________ was built on the border of east and west _______________________ to separate the two.
• Called the __________________________________
What does “Ich bin ein Berliner” mean? Who said it?
5. Cuban Missile Crisis (______________)
• _____________________________ became the dictator of _______________ in 1959
• Cuba is now a _____________________________ country
• US intelligence discovered that ______________ _______________ (led by Khrushchev) began building nuclear _________________ ___________ in Cuba
• Cuba is only ____________ miles from the US
• President ______________________ demanded that the missiles be __________________________
• US sets up a ____________________________ to stop the Soviets from bringing more weapons into Cuba
• The US also set up missiles in ____________________
• The blockade caused Khrushchev to remove the missiles
“We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked”!
What do you think this quote means? Explain your answer in one or two sentences.
6. Vietnam War: ___________ - ___________
• During Imperialism, Vietnam became a ___________________ colony in the 1880’s
• Vietnam became independent in 1945.
• Communist leader _________________________________ takes power in 1950
Vietnam Divided
|NORTH Vietnam |SOUTH Vietnam |
|___________________________________ |___________________________________ |
|Supported by ________________________ |Supported by _______________________ |
|Led by _____________________________ |Led by _____________________________ |
• Vietnam was partitioned (divided) in 1954 along the ________ ______________________________
Vietnam (1954 - 1959)
• 1954 – The country was divided (17th parallel) and agreed to hold an ____________________________ in 1956 to __________________________________ the country.
• 1956 - Diem cancels election in fear of losing.
• Diem is eventually overthrown by a military coup (backed by the US) because of his corrupt and dictator like rule.
• North Vietnam leader was Ho Chi Minh.
• North Vietnam _____________________________ called ___________________________________.
• 1956 – Because the election fails Ho Chi Minh attempts to reunite the country with ___________ (war).
• 1959 – Viet Cong invades ________________________.
Vietnam War: US Involvement
• ________________________________________ not working in SE Asia.
• Fear of communism created the “____________________________ ____________________” – the belief that if one country became __________________________, others would fall like a row of __________________________.
• The U.S. starts to send in ______________________ to stop the spread of ______________________________ in South Vietnam and neighboring countries like Laos and Cambodia.
U.S. Involvement: Gulf of Tonkin
• 1964 – 2 U.S. battleships stationed in the __________________________________________________ in Vietnam claimed they were fired upon by North Vietnamese forces.
• In response, Congress passed the ________________________________________________________, allowing President Johnson to “take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia”.
• This became the legal basis for the Vietnam War.
Obstacles for U.S. Success in Vietnam
| | |
|1 – South Vietnamese are ______________________ to fight the North. |2 - US is no match for the Viet Cong and |
|Many switch sides to support the North/Viet Cong. |_________________________________________. |
| |Home field advantage. They know the land well & use surprise attacks |
| |Ho Chi Minh Trail |
| | |
|3 - __________ soldiers ____________________ why they are fighting. |4 - Vietnam had a purpose or ___________________ |
|Soldiers were used as bait to draw out the Viet Cong. |___________________________________________. |
|Difficult to succeed - little land was gained for the US & quickly lost to Viet |Vietnam was fighting for unification and independence. |
|Cong. | |
Tet Offensive
• January 31, 1968 - 70,000 North Viet Cong forces surprise attacked more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam.
• North takes over South capital, ________________________________________.
• ___________________________________________________________________________________.
“Vietnamization”
• President Nixon began a plan called ______________________________________ - gradual pull out of US troops
• 1973 – cease fire was signed
• 1975 – North Vietnam attacked South Vietnam
• Today, Vietnam is a united ______________________________ country
• In the United States, Americans were ____________________________ on whether our military should be involved in Vietnam
REVIEW
Identify the conflict that is described below. Write Korea, Cuba, or Vietnam.
__________ Ho Chi Minh, a communist leader, rose to power in 1950
__________ divided along the 17th parallel
__________ US intelligence discovered missiles here
__________ divided along the 38th parallel
__________ MacArthur and the US helped the South, while Mae Zedong and China helped the North
__________Only 90 miles from USA
__________ Today, this country is a united communist country
__________ Led by Fidel Castro
__________ Today, this country is still divided
End of Cold War
The Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union: ________________
1. Soviet Union Economic Collapse
• War in _____________________________ - 10 year war that was expensive for the USSR
• 1980s – _______________ (poor) in the USSR: people formed long lines to get food
• 1986 – a nuclear disaster of ________________________________ in Ukraine furthered Soviet’s economic decline.
• Hundreds died – most costly non – natural disaster in modern history
Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991): General Secretary and wanted to change for the Soviet People
_______________ – Soviet policy of ___________ ___________ of ideas and information
Gave Soviet’s the chance to discuss ways to improve society:
• Churches re-opened
• Allowed publication of books
• Allowed to openly speak out against policies
_______________ – restructuring Soviet economy to ____________ more local decision making (1985)
Ultimate Goal – Not throw out communism, but make the system more efficient and productive.
2. Tearing down the ___________________________________
• Gorbachev let the East Germans know the Soviet soldiers would no longer be used to hold two Germany’s apart and they took the wall down
• Wall comes down in ___________________
3. Break up of the USSR
• Numerous conflicts throughout the USSR gave states the chance to break away and form their own _________________________ nation.
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Think: write 3 words that you think of when you hear… COLD WAR:
______________________ ______________________ ______________________
Write one word to summarize the THEORY OF DETERRENCE and one sentence explaining why you picked that word.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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