The Cold War (1948-1989)



The Cold War (________-________)

Cold War – _______________________ or ______________ but NO ________________________ between the __________________________ and the ___________________________________________

• This rivalry divided the world into _________________ ________________ (capitalism vs. communism)

Everything you need to know about the ORIGINS of the COLD WAR

1. The Yalta Conference (meeting in______________________) Feb, 1945

• Meeting of the “___________________________” (Stalin, ____________________, Churchill)

• Met to discuss the plan of post war Europe

• Decided to __________________Germany into __________ countries

• Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that _________________ had the right to control the governments of ______________________ after the war

2. Rivalry between the Unites States and the USSR

|USA: |USSR: |

| | |

|- Encouraged ___________________ and _______________________ |- Encouraged_______________________ and _______________________ |

| | |

|- Worked to ___________________________ or stop the spread of communism |- Worked to stop the US influence in ___________ Europe |

3. Capitalism vs. Communism

|CAPITALISM – an ____________________ system where business is ___________________|COMMUNISM – an ____________________ system where people _____________ work fairly|

|owned and ___________ is used to make more _____________ |and ____________ equally |

| | |

|- “_____________ _______________” – everyone is _____________ to pursue any |- The goal is to get rid of __________ ____________ and make everything fair for |

|economic activity |everyone |

| | |

|- Capitalism creates ___________ ____________ - upper, middle, and poor |- The _____________ was _____________________ and ruled by a |

| |________________________ |

| | |

| |- The government controlled all businesses |

4. The “Iron Curtain”

• _______________________ and the western half of ____________________ and Berlin was made up of ______________________ nations

• ______________________ and the eastern half of _____________________ and Berlin was ______________________________

• Iron Curtain - divided them – also divided ________________ in __________________ Europe and __________________ in _____________ Europe

On the map to the right:

1. Shade Western Europe BLUE and shade Eastern Europe RED.

2. HIGHLIGHT the “Iron Curtain”.

5. President Truman and the Policy of Containment

• President ___________________ did not like _________________________________

• Truman created a policy of _________________________ - to __________ the spread of ______________________________

• Marshall Plan (created by George Marshall) provided ___________ (money) to countries in ________________ to rebuild after WWII.

• The goal was to stop the spread of ____________________________________

REVIEW:

1. Capitalism vs. Communism - write CAP for Capitalism or COM for Communism:

_____ encourages “free enterprise”

_____ No social classes

_____ Work and pay shared equally

_____ Business owned privately

_____ Money is used to make more money

2. Matching

|_____ created by President Truman to stop the spread of communism |A. Cold War |

|_____ the goal was to stop the spread of communism by providing aid to countries |B. Yalta Conference |

|_____ tension but no fighting between the USA and USSR |C. Iron Curtain |

|_____ divided West and East Europe AND Democracy and Communism |D. Policy of Containment |

|_____ at this meeting, the Big Three decided Stalin could control countries in East Europe |E. Marshall Plan |

Major CONFLICTS of the Cold War (________-________)

1. NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

• North __________________ Treaty ________________________ (1949): _____________________ alliance with ______________, Canada, and_______ _________________ European countries

• Warsaw Pact (1955): USSR viewed ________________ as a threat and created the Warsaw Pact

o ______________________ alliance between USSR and seven _________________ European countries

Use the map to complete the following:

Shade NATO (Area One) BLUE

Shade Warsaw Pact (Area Two) RED.

2. Nuclear Weapons and the Theory of Deterrence

• Soviet Union exploded its first Atomic bomb in ________________________

• Now there were two countries with nuclear weapons.

• Cold war led to an ________________________________ and fear of WWIII involving nuclear weapons

• Theory of Deterrence: the US was able and ___________________ to respond to any Soviet _______________________ attack with an ___________________ destructive strike

• An attack would result in the ___________of the ____________and because of this was known, an attack _____________________occurred.

• Deterrence is the opposite of __________________________________________.

3. Korean War (________________-________________)

• Korea: a ________________________________ colony divided into ______________ Korean nations (__________ __________________)

o North Korean: Kim Il-Sung controlled _______________________ North

o South Korea: Syngman Rhee controlled ___________________________ South

• North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 in a surprise attack

• ________________ __________________ committed US forces to defend ________________________

• Truman thought North Korea was repeating what the Axis powers tried to accomplish in the 1930s

• General MacArthur led UN forces against North Korea

• ___________________________________ the leader of China sent troops in to fight MacArthur and the US

• In 1953, North and South Korea signed an armistice (_____________________) leaving Korea divided along the __________________________________

In your own words, how did the Korean War end?

• Stalin dies in 1953 - __________________________________ emerges as the leader of the Soviet Union.

4. Berlin Wall (__________)

• To stop people from moving to ____________ Berlin from communism, a _____________ was built on the border of east and west _______________________ to separate the two.

• Called the __________________________________

What does “Ich bin ein Berliner” mean? Who said it?

5. Cuban Missile Crisis (______________)

• _____________________________ became the dictator of _______________ in 1959

• Cuba is now a _____________________________ country

• US intelligence discovered that ______________ _______________ (led by Khrushchev) began building nuclear _________________ ___________ in Cuba

• Cuba is only ____________ miles from the US

• President ______________________ demanded that the missiles be __________________________

• US sets up a ____________________________ to stop the Soviets from bringing more weapons into Cuba

• The US also set up missiles in ____________________

• The blockade caused Khrushchev to remove the missiles

“We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked”!

What do you think this quote means? Explain your answer in one or two sentences.

6. Vietnam War: ___________ - ___________

• During Imperialism, Vietnam became a ___________________ colony in the 1880’s

• Vietnam became independent in 1945.

• Communist leader _________________________________ takes power in 1950

Vietnam Divided

|NORTH Vietnam |SOUTH Vietnam |

|___________________________________ |___________________________________ |

|Supported by ________________________ |Supported by _______________________ |

|Led by _____________________________ |Led by _____________________________ |

• Vietnam was partitioned (divided) in 1954 along the ________ ______________________________

Vietnam (1954 - 1959)

• 1954 – The country was divided (17th parallel) and agreed to hold an ____________________________ in 1956 to __________________________________ the country.

• 1956 - Diem cancels election in fear of losing.

• Diem is eventually overthrown by a military coup (backed by the US) because of his corrupt and dictator like rule.

• North Vietnam leader was Ho Chi Minh.

• North Vietnam _____________________________ called ___________________________________.

• 1956 – Because the election fails Ho Chi Minh attempts to reunite the country with ___________ (war).

• 1959 – Viet Cong invades ________________________.

Vietnam War: US Involvement

• ________________________________________ not working in SE Asia.

• Fear of communism created the “____________________________ ____________________” – the belief that if one country became __________________________, others would fall like a row of __________________________.

• The U.S. starts to send in ______________________ to stop the spread of ______________________________ in South Vietnam and neighboring countries like Laos and Cambodia.

U.S. Involvement: Gulf of Tonkin

• 1964 – 2 U.S. battleships stationed in the __________________________________________________ in Vietnam claimed they were fired upon by North Vietnamese forces.

• In response, Congress passed the ________________________________________________________, allowing President Johnson to “take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia”.

• This became the legal basis for the Vietnam War.

Obstacles for U.S. Success in Vietnam

| | |

|1 – South Vietnamese are ______________________ to fight the North. |2 - US is no match for the Viet Cong and |

|Many switch sides to support the North/Viet Cong. |_________________________________________. |

| |Home field advantage. They know the land well & use surprise attacks |

| |Ho Chi Minh Trail |

| | |

|3 - __________ soldiers ____________________ why they are fighting. |4 - Vietnam had a purpose or ___________________ |

|Soldiers were used as bait to draw out the Viet Cong. |___________________________________________. |

|Difficult to succeed - little land was gained for the US & quickly lost to Viet |Vietnam was fighting for unification and independence. |

|Cong. | |

Tet Offensive

• January 31, 1968 - 70,000 North Viet Cong forces surprise attacked more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam.

• North takes over South capital, ________________________________________.

• ___________________________________________________________________________________.

“Vietnamization”

• President Nixon began a plan called ______________________________________ - gradual pull out of US troops

• 1973 – cease fire was signed

• 1975 – North Vietnam attacked South Vietnam

• Today, Vietnam is a united ______________________________ country

• In the United States, Americans were ____________________________ on whether our military should be involved in Vietnam

REVIEW

Identify the conflict that is described below. Write Korea, Cuba, or Vietnam.

__________ Ho Chi Minh, a communist leader, rose to power in 1950

__________ divided along the 17th parallel

__________ US intelligence discovered missiles here

__________ divided along the 38th parallel

__________ MacArthur and the US helped the South, while Mae Zedong and China helped the North

__________Only 90 miles from USA

__________ Today, this country is a united communist country

__________ Led by Fidel Castro

__________ Today, this country is still divided

End of Cold War

The Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union: ________________

1. Soviet Union Economic Collapse

• War in _____________________________ - 10 year war that was expensive for the USSR

• 1980s – _______________ (poor) in the USSR: people formed long lines to get food

• 1986 – a nuclear disaster of ________________________________ in Ukraine furthered Soviet’s economic decline.

• Hundreds died – most costly non – natural disaster in modern history

Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991): General Secretary and wanted to change for the Soviet People

_______________ – Soviet policy of ___________ ___________ of ideas and information

Gave Soviet’s the chance to discuss ways to improve society:

• Churches re-opened

• Allowed publication of books

• Allowed to openly speak out against policies

_______________ – restructuring Soviet economy to ____________ more local decision making (1985)

Ultimate Goal – Not throw out communism, but make the system more efficient and productive.

2. Tearing down the ___________________________________

• Gorbachev let the East Germans know the Soviet soldiers would no longer be used to hold two Germany’s apart and they took the wall down

• Wall comes down in ___________________

3. Break up of the USSR

• Numerous conflicts throughout the USSR gave states the chance to break away and form their own _________________________ nation.

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Think: write 3 words that you think of when you hear… COLD WAR:

______________________ ______________________ ______________________

Write one word to summarize the THEORY OF DETERRENCE and one sentence explaining why you picked that word.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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