Organism - University of Kentucky



Organism |Gram |Shape |Capsule |Aero-Type |Enzymes |Virulence |Treatment |Disease |Other | |Listeria monocytogenes |+ |Coccobaccillus | |Aerobic to microaerophilic |Catalase

Lysteriolysin O

|Internalin A: E Cadherin on GI Epithelium

Internalin B: uptake into hepatocytes

PI-PLC; PC-PLC & Zn Metalloprotease

ActA, PrfA |Ampicillin & Aminoglycoside (Gent) |Stillbirth (crosses placenta)

Menigitis

Sepsis

Encephalitis

An STD! |Grows at 3º, survives salt

Motility (tumbling) @ 25º

β-Hemolytic - Immunity

Facultative Intracellular

Epidemics in milk & cheese | |Staphylococcus aureus |+

Ribotol TA |Cocci-Clusters |Most (75%) |Facultative Aerobe |Catalase & Endonuclease

Coagulase

Staphylokinase

Hyaluronidase

Hemolysin

Exfoliatin Protease |Protein A

Leukocidins & α Toxin

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Enterotoxin (SEA most common) |DOC = Vancomysin

(for resistance)

|Abscesses & Skin Infections

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Toxic Shock

Vomiting & Diarrhea (enterotoxin)

Pneumonia & Acute Endocarditis |β-Hemolytic

Acid from Mannitol

| |Staphylococcus epidermidis |+ |Cocci-Clusters | |Facultative Aerobe |Catalase | |DOC = Methicillin & Oxacillin

Substitute = Cephalosporins

If resistant, use vancomycin |Shunt & Device Infections |Novobiocin Sensitive | |Staphylococcus saprophticus |+ |Cocci-Clusters | |Facultative Aerobe |Catalase

Urease | |DOC = Methicillin & Oxacillin

Substitute = Cephalosporins

If resistant, use vancomycin |UTI in ♀

| | |Corynebacterium diphtheriae |+ |Pleomorphic Rods

Often “Club-Shaped”

Chinese Charecters |Yes?

K antigen |Aerobic |Catalase & Oxidase |Diphtheria Toxin

Protein K Antigen

Polysaccharide O Antigen |Erythromycin (DOC)

Antitoxin Available

Vaccine Available (DPT) |Diphtheria |Forms Pseudomembrane

Grey on Tellurite Plate

Babes-Ernst Granules

Toxin from Phage | |Sterptococcus pyogenes

(Group A Strep) |+

Glycerol TA |Cocci-Chains |Yes

Hyaluronic Acid |Aerotolerant

(Microaerophillic?) |Hemolysin

Streptokinase

DNAse

C5a Peptidase

Streptolysin O&S |M Protein, Finronectin Binding Proteins

Collagen Binding Protein, SiC

Pyrogenic Exotoxin

Lipoteichoic Acid |Bacitracin sensitive

Penicillin G/Erythromycin

Clindamycin (for exotoxin)

1st Generation Cephalosporins |Pharyngitis, Impetigo (Pyoderma)

Toxic Shock Like Syndrome

Rheumatic Fever Glomerulonephritis

Necrotizing Fasciitis |β-Hemolytic

| |Streptococcus agalactiae

(Group B Strep) |+ |Cocci |Yes

Sialic Acid |Aerotolerant |C5a Peptidase | |Penicillin & Aminoglycoside

|Neonatal Meningitis, Pneumonia

Neonatal Spesis

UTI in ♀

Invasive Disease |β-Hemolytic

Developing vaccine | |Streptococcus equisimilis

(Group C Strep) |+ |Cocci | |Aerotolerant | | | |UTI, endocarditis

brain abcesses, puerperal sepsis

wound infections |β-Hemolytic

Immunocompromised Patients | |Group D Strep |+ |Cocci | |Aerotolerant | | | |Nosocomial Infection

UTI

Subacute Endocarditis |α or β-Hemolytic

Enterococci can grow in bile & 6.5% NaCl | |Viridans Strep

(S. mitis & S. mutans) |+ | | | | | | |Dental Caries

Endocarditis

Wound Infections

Subacute Endocarditis | α-Hemolytic

Normal Flora | |Streptococcus pneumoniae |+ |Diplococci |Yes |Aerotolerant

(Microaerophillic?) |Pneumolysin

|PspA1&2, Autolysin, Neurminidases, Hyalurinate Lyase, Choline Binding Protein |Optichin

Penicillin + Vancomycin

Penicillin, Amoxacillin

Macrolides, Quinolones, Doxycycline, Sulfa/Tri

Vaccines Available

|Meningitis

Pneumonia

Otitis Media |α-Hemolytic

Soluble in bile salts

Vaccines Available | |Haemophilus influenza |- |Rods/Coccobacilli |Yes

Ribotol Phosphate |Facultative

Anaerobe ? |Catalase

IgA Protease |LOS

OMP

|(Type B = Rifampin &

3rd Gen. Cephalosporins)

(NTHi = augmentin, sulfa/tri, macrolides, cephalosporins)

Vaccine Available (DPT) |Type B = Meningitis, Epiglotitis, Arthritis, sepsis & pneumonia)

(NTHi = OM & Sinusitis,) |Unique Capsule

Grows on CAP w/ V & X

Fever is disease hallmark | |

Organism |Gram |Shape |Capsule |Aero-Type |Enzymes |Virulence |Treatment |Disease |Other | |Neisseria meningitidis |- |Diplococci |Yes

Sialic Acid |Facultative Anaerobe |Catalase

Oxidase

IgA Protease

|LOS & OMP

Pili

Transferrin Binding Protein

Capsule is critical to virulence! |IV Ampicillin

3rd Gen. Cephalosporin

Vancomycin

Vaccines Available |Meningitis

Fulminant Sepsis |Non-motile

Can utilize maltose | |Bordatella pertussis |- |Coccobacilli | |Aerobe | |Filamentous Hemagglutinin

Pertussis Toxin

Soluble adenylcyclase

Tracheal cytotoxin |None – supportive only

Vaccines Available |Whooping Cough

Bacteremia & Pneumonia rare |3 Phases (CPC) Catarrhal, Paroxysmal

Convalescent

Lymphocytosis | |Mycoplasma pneumonia |No

wall |Pleomorphic | |Prefer

Aerobic

Conditions | |Cytadhesion Protein |Tetracycline

Erythromycin & Clarithromycin |Waslking Pneumonia |Cause Neutropenia

Cold Agglutinins

Very Small

Quick Doubling Time | |Mycoplasma hominis |No

wall |Pleomorphic | | | | | |Pos-Partum & Abortion Fever |Erythromycin Resistant

| |Ureaplasma urealyticum |No

wall |Pleomorphic | |Prefer

Aerobic

Conditions |Urealase | |Tetracycline |Urethritis |Causes alkaline urine | |Legionella pneumophila |- |Rod shaped? | |Aerobic |Metalloprotesase

Acid Phosphatase

Lipase, Phospholipase A

Nuclease |Type IV Pilus

Type II Secretion system |Erythromycin (DOC)

Rifampin

Tetracycline |Legionnaire’s Pneumonia

Watery Diarrhea

Pontiac Fever |Motile (flagellated)

Facultative Intracellular

Use amoeba as host

Grows at high temps | |Chlamydiae pneumonia |-

(No wall) |Cocci?

(Rounded) | |Aerobic? | |Type III Secretion System |Erythromycin

Tetracycline |Walking Pneumonia

Atherosclerosis? |Obligate Intraceullular

Dimorphic: EB & RB

Use amoeba

Glycogen Inclusions | |Chlamydiae psittaci |-

(No wall) |Cocci?

(Rounded) | |Aerobic? | | |Erythromycin

Tetracycline |Psittacosis pneumonia

(splenomegaly & hepatomegaly) |Obligate Intraceullular

Dimorphic: EB & RB

Use amoeba

From Birds | |Shigella |- |Rod | | | |Shiga Toxin

Ruffles! |3rd Generation Cephalosporins & Quinonlones |Shigellosis

(diarrhea w/blood,pus,mucus)

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Cramps,Pain,Fever,Malaise |Non Motile & Lactose -

Facultative Intracellular

Acid Resistant-Low # ID

Caspase 1(ICE) activation

Antibiotic Resistance | |Escherichia coli (ETEC) |- |Rod |Yes? | | |Type I Pili

Colonization Factors = CFA I,II & III

Bundle Forming Pilus

Heat Labile Toxin (LT)

Heat Stable Toxin (ST) |Sulfa/Tri’s or Quinolones |Traveler;s Diarrhea

(Watery Diarrhea)

Vomiting | Motile (Flagella); Lactose +

ST,LT, CFA on plasmid

No fever

Immunity

Leading COD in children | |Escherichia coli (EPEC) |- |Rod |Yes? | | |Bundle Forming Pilus

Locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)

Translocated Intimin Receptor (TIR)

No Toxins! |Sulfa/Tri’s or Quinolones |Watery Diarrhea w/ fever

Chronic Diarrhea in children |Motile (Flagella); Lactose +

LEE induced by quorum

LEE = Intimin & Contact Secretion System

Intracellular Invasion? | |Escherichia coli (STEC/EHEC) |- |Rod |Yes? | | |LEE (with intimin)

Translocated Intimin Receptor (TIR)

Shiga Like Toxin (SLT) | |Watery→Bloody Diarrhea

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

|Motile (Flagella); Lactose +

SLT on Phage

Serotype O157:H7 common

beef (90% contaminated)

Raw Milk | |Escherichia coli (EIEC) |- |Rod |Yes? | | |Toxin similar to Shiga Toxin |Sulfa/Tri’s or Quinolones | Less severe type of Shigellosis

(diarrhea w/blood,pus,mucus)

|Motile (Flagella); Lactose +

Close relative of Shigella | |

Organism |Gram |Shape |Capsule |Aero-Type |Enzymes |Virulence |Treatment |Disease |Other | |Escherichia coli (EAEC) |- |Rod |Yes? | |Hemolysin |Thin Pili

Shiga Like Toxin (EAST)

PET Serine Protease

| |Watery Diarrhea

Mucus Gel on intestinal mucosa

Persistent Diarrhea in children |Motile (Flagella); Lactose +

Serine Protease on Plasmid | |Escherichia coli (UPEC) | | |Yes

Most P-sac

Some Protein | |Hemolysin |Siderophores (ex. aerobactin)

Cytotoxin (break down epithelium)

P Fimbrae (pili) | |85% Community Acquired UTIs

Acsending or Descending Septicemia

|Motile (Flagella); Lactose +

Plasmids | |Campylobacter jejuni |- |Curved Rod |Yes

Polysaccharide |Microaerophillic | |Pili

Cytolethal Distending Toxins

LPS resembles ganglioside |Erythromycin

Tetracycline

Aminoglycosides |Lower abdominal pain

Diarrhea w/ blood & pus

Fever

Guilian-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

Autoimmune Disease |Motile - Flagella

Chicken Water & Milk

Causes 30% inf. Diarrhea

Intracellular Invasion

Penicillin Resistant | |Campylobacter fetus |- |Curved Rod | | | | | |Systemic gastroenteritis |Motile - Flagella

| |Helicobacter pylori |- |Curved to spiral rods

&

Cocci | |Microaerophilic |Urease |Adhesins (BabA, LPS?)

Neutrophil activating Protein (NAP

Vacuolating Protein (VacA)

Contact Secretion

(effacement, pedestal, MAP Kinase) |Two weeks of 2 antibiotics & antacid |Gastritis & Ulcers (Type 1 only)

Adenocarcinoma & Lymphoma |Rods = flagella; Cocci = not

Infected in childhood

Type 1 = CagA+, VacA+

Type 2 – CagA-, VacA-

ELISA & Breath Tests | |Vibrio cholerae |- |Curved Rod |Some

(ex. El Tor – O:139) | |Oxidase |Toxin Co-Regulated Pilus (TCP) from VPIθ

Cholera Toxin (CT) from CTXθ

Zonula Occludens Toxin

Metallo Protease

Acf, Ace, Vac |Tetracycline

Vaccine Available (ineffective) |Vomiting & Watery Diarrhea

“Rice Water Diarrhea” |Motile - Flagella

Acid Sensitive

Raw crabs & shrimp

TCP & CT from 2 Phages

Immunity | |Vibrio vulnificus |- |Curved Rod | | | | |Immediate antibiotics |Serious Septicemia (50% mortality)

Fever, Chills, Hypotension

Wound Infections |Motile - Flagella

Halophillic – Requires salt

Raw Oysters

Intracellular Invasion | |Vibrio parahemolyticus |- |Curved Rod | | | | |None – self limiting |Cholera Like - Vomiting & Diarrhea

(Less severe)

Possible Septicemia |Motile - Flagella

Raw fish, shellfish, oysters | |Salmonella typhimurium |- |Rod | | | |2 Type 3 Secretion Systems

SPI-1 = Epithelial Cell Invasion

SPI-2 = Blocks NADPH Oxidase Killing

Ruffles! |Ampicillin |Gastroenteritis

Vomiting & Diarrhea (bloody, No WBCs!)

Bacteremia in immunocomprimised |Motile - Flagella

Chickens & Raw Eggs

Produce H2S, Bile Resistant

Acid Tolerant

Facultative Intracellular

| |Salmonella typhi & paratyphi |- |Rod | | | |Invades & Kills M Cells; Invades Mθs

|Ciprofloxacin (DOC)

Ampicillin

Sulfa/Tri’s

Vaccine Available |1st Fever & Headache

2nd Rash on Abdomen & Chest

3rd Bacteremia w/ multiple organs

4th Hemorrhaging Peyer’s Patches

|Colonizes gallbader – stones

Cystic Fibrosis Carriers

Facultative Intracellular

Macrophage Replication | |Yersinia enterocolitica |- |Rod | | |Urease at 37º, but not at 25º |Adhesins: InvA, Ail, PH 6 Antigen, YadA

Invades M Cells

YopM = anti-inflammatory

Other Yops = induce apoptosis, NFKB, etc

Heat Stable Toxin (similar to E. coli)

|Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

(only for systemic infection) |Fever, Pain, Diarrhea in children

Adenopathy in older children

Autoimune disease with HLA-B27

Septicemia |Motile @ 37º, Grows @ 4º

Scandanavia – Milk & Food

Facultative Intracellular

| |Yersinia pseudotuberculosis |- |Rod | | | | |Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

(only for systemic infection) |Lymphadenitis

Mimics appendicitis |Facultative Intracellular

Similar to Ye, but more invasive & no diarrhea | |Klebsiella pneumoniae |- |Rod |Yes | | |Abundent Capsule

Pili

Heat Stable/Labile Toxins (like E. Coli) |3rd Generation Cephalosporins

(Ceftriaxone & Cefotaxime = DOC) |Burn Infections

UTI, Meningitis, bacteremia, wound infections |Non- Motile; Lactose +

β-Lactamase (R Plasmid)

Resist Amp & Carbenicillin | |

Organism |Gram |Shape |Capsule |Aero-Type |Enzymes |Virulence |Treatment |Disease |Other | |Enterobacter cloacae |- |Rod |Yes | | |Heat Stable/Labile Toxins (like E. Coli) |3rd Generation Cephalosporins

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin

Aminoglycoside | |Motile-Flagella, Lactose +

Most common hospital isolate

β-Lactamase (inducible) | |Serratia |- |Rod | | |Extracellular DNAse | | |Nosocomial: pneumonia, septicemia, UTI, & wound

IV Drug: endocarditis & osteomyelitis |Prodigiosin – Red on Plate

Colistin, Cephalothin, anti-Pseud & Amikacin Resistant

Motile-Flagella?, Lactose +/-

β-Lactamase | |Citrobacter |- |Rod |Yes? | | |Vi Antigen (similar to S. typhi)

OMPs (on virulent strains)

Heat Stable Toxin (ST) |Aminoglycosides, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol |UTI & RTI in debilitated patients

Neonatal meningitis & abscesses |Citrate is sole energy source

H2S production

Motile-Flagella

β-Lactamase (resistant ones) | |Proteus mirabilis |- |Rod | | |Urease (Ni Metalloprotease)

Phenylalanine Deaminase

Hemolysin |Fimbrae | |Nosocomial Infections

UTIs |Indole + (not P. mirabilis)

Motile – Flagella

Gent/Tobramycin Resistant

β-Lactamase (inducible)

H2S production

| |Providencia |- |Rod | | | | | |Bacteremia |Nursing Homes Catheters

β-Lactamase (inducible) | |Morganella |- |Rod | | | | | | |Opportunistic Pathogenβ-Lactamase (inducible) | |Pseudomonas |- |Rod |Yes

Alginate |Aerobic

& NO3

Respiration |Oxidase |Pyanocyanin & Pyochelin

Adhesins

Elastase (LasA & B)

Phospholipase C/rhamnolipid |Dermatitis, Burn Infections, Eye Infections, Lung Infections, Nosocomial septicemia, Nosocomial UTI |Fluoroquinolones

Aminoglycosides

Carbapenems (Imipenem)

4th Cephalosporins |Motile – Flagella

Very Antibiotic Resistant

Fruity Smelling & Biofilms

Problem with CF Patients

β-Lactamase | |Mycobacterium tuberculi |Acid

Fast |Rod | |Aerobic | |Cord Factor |Preventative = INH (9), Rif (4)

Treatment: 1) INH (6)

2) Rif (6) 3) Pyrazinamide (2)

4) Ethambutol or Streptomycin

Vaccine Available! |Tuberculosis:

Primary – lower lobes (Gohn Complex)

Reactivation – Apical lobes (cavitary)

Miliary - extrapulmonary |Latent vs. Active Infection

PPD = 5,10,20 mm

Use DOT to give drug

INH Resistance in KY

Facultative Intracellular

| |Mycobacterium leprae |Acid

Fast |Rod | |Aerobic | |Cord Factor |Dapsone & Rifampin |Tuberculoid (Pauci-Bacillary)

Lepromatous (Multibacillary)

Severe Disfigurement

Claw Hand & Drop Foot (nerve) |Doesn’t grow in media

Obligate Intracellular

Infects nerve tissue!

Colonize Liver & Spleen (with no destruction)

| |Mycobacterium avium & intracellulare |Acid

Fast |Rod | |Aerobic | |LPS (not very inflammatory)

Heat Shock Protein

Type III Secretion | |Variable

Fever, Fatigue & Weight Loss

Multiple Organ Involvement |Diffuse Interstitial Infiltrate

Acquired from environment | |Neisseria gonorrhea |- |Cocci

Kidney Bean Diplococcus |Sialic Acid

(If Disseminated) |Aerobic |Oxidase

IgA Protease |OMP1 (Endometrial Lutropin Receptor)

Opa Proteins PII (Pyruvate Kinase)

Rmp PIII (Invade Epithelial Cells)

LOS, Peptidoglycan & Pili (CD46) |3rd Generation Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone)

Most are Pennicillin Resistant |Mouth: Pharyngitis & Adenitis

Anal: Irritation, Discharge, Bleeding

Male: Urethritis, Discharge, Spreading

Female: Cervicitis, PID, Endometriosis

Disseminated: Rash & Arthritis |Facultative Intracellular

Can’t Utilize Maltose

IgA Protease cleaves Lamp 1

If disseminated, no virulence

Inflammation & Destruction | |Chlamydia trachomatis |-

(No wall) |Cocci?

(Rounded) | | | |Heat Shock Protein |Erythromycin & Tetracycline |Trachoma (A-C): #1 cause of blindness

GU Infections (D-K): #1 bacterial STD

Causes Urethritis & Cervicitis

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (L1-3)

Inclusion Conjunctivitis (D-K): pneumonia |Obligate Intracellular

Dimorphic: EB & RB

Inclusions get sphingolipids from Golgi-stops endocytosis | |Treponema pallidum |No Stain |Spirochete | | | |Very Few

OMPs bind lamini, collagen, fibronectin

Tromp1

12 Tpr’s – unknown fxn |Penicillin G |1º - Chancre (no pain & lymphadenopathy)

2º - Disseminated chancres & flu symptoms

Latent – Assymptomatic but infectious

3º - Neurologic Symptoms = PARESIS

Late Benign (gummas) & Congenital |2 Periplasmic Flagellae

Can’t culture – rabbit testis

Jarisch-Herxheimer Rxn | |

Organism |Gram |Shape |Capsule |Aero-Type |Enzymes |Virulence |Treatment |Disease |Other | |Treponema denticola

|No Stain |Spirochete | | |Protease Dentilysin | | |Periodontal Disease |2 Periplasmic Flagellae | |Trep3onema vincentii |No Stain |Spirochete | | | | | |Vincent’s Angina (Trench Mouth)

Periodontal Disease |2 Periplasmic Flagellae

AKA Borrelia vincentii | |Leptospira interrogans | | | | | | |Oral β Laactams or Tetracyclines |Infects Kidneys and Liver

90% have flu symptoms

10% have Weil’s Syndrome - Icteric |Shed in animal urine

Penetrates intact skin

Often in water sources

? Shape | |Clostridium perfringens |+ |Rod | |Aerotolerant |α toxin (lecithinase C)

Type C Toxin? | |None |Myonecrosis

Anaerobic Cellulitis

Clostridial Gastroenteritis

(fever, no vomiting, lasts longer, starts later) |Double layered β Hemolysis

Insoluble H2S,SO2,CH4

Rare to none spores

Toxins are heat labile | |Clostridium dificile |+ |Rod | |Anaerobic | |Toxin A & B |Discontinue Antibiotics |Antibiotic Associated Colitis

Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis |Insoluble H2S,SO2,CH4

| |Clostridium botulinum |+ |Rod | |Anaerobic | |Botulinum Toxin (neurotoxin)

blocks Ach release) |Antitoxin Available |Nausea & vomiting w/ no diarrhea or fever!

Weakness, Dizziness, Cranial Nerve Palsy

Death from respiratory paralysis

Floppy Baby Syndrome

Wound Botulism |Insoluble H2S,SO2,CH4

Most stable of all spores

Toxin is heat labile

Mortality of Type E>A>B | |Clostridium tetani |+ |Rod | |Anaerobic | |Tetanospasmin (neurotoxin) |Penicillin or Metroinidizole

Antitoxin Available

Vaccine Available (DPT) |Tetanus Neonatorum

Tetanus

(opistothonos, arms flexed, legs extended) |Insoluble H2S,SO2,CH4

Spores are ubiquitous | |Prevotella melaninogenica |- |Rod | | | | | | | | |Bacteroides fragiles |- |Rod |Yes | | | | | |95% of normal fecal flora

Secretes β-Lactamase | |Rickettsia ricketsii |- |Rod |Yes | | |OmpA |Tetracycline

Chloramphenicol |Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Starts with Flu Symptoms

Rash starts at extremities→trunk

Later non-blanching rash w/ petichiae

Death from organ failure in a week |Obligate Intracellular

From Tick Bites | |Rickettsia typhi |- |Rod | | | | | |Endemic Typhus (Flea Borne)

Flu like symptoms with rash

Pulmonary Involvement is common |Obligate Intracellular

Flea bite or inhaled feces

Don’t use Sulfas!→Death | |Rickettsia prowazekii |- |Rod | | | | |Vaccine Available |Epidemic Typhus

Rash starts at trunk→extremities

CNS abnormalities (stupor) & Cough

Brill-Zinsser

|Obligate Intracellular

Body Louse (Bad Hygeine)

Flying Squirrels | |Rickettsia akari |- |Rod | | | | | |Rickettsialpox (Flu & Rash) |Obligate Intracellular

Mouse Bites | |

Organism |Gram |Shape |Capsule |Aero-Type |Enzymes |Virulence |Treatment |Disease |Other | |Orietsia tsutsugamushi |- |Rod | | | | | |Scrub Typhus (Macropapular Rash) |Obligate Intracellular

Chiggers | |Ehrlichia chaffiensis | | | | | | | |Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

Flu Initially, rash rare

Leukopenia & Thrombopenia |Lonestar Tick | |Anaplasma phagocytophila | | | | | | | |Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

Flu Initially, rash rare

Leukopenia & Thrombopenia

Morulae in leukocyte common |Ixodes Tick | |Coxiella burnetti | | | | | | |Vaccine Available |Q Fever

Flu-Like Illness

Cough & Pneumonia common

Thrombocytopenia common

Death is rare |Tick bite or spores (usually) | |Borrelia burgdorferi |No Stain |Spirochete | | | |Surface Proteins: DbpA, DbpB, p47,

Erp Proteins, H/FHL-1 (CRASPs), VIsE

BmpA & OspC |Oral β Laactams or Tetracyclines

Vaccine NOT Available - 2002 |Lyme Disease: Flu Like Symptoms

Erythema Migrans (Rash) = Diagnostic

Also Bell’s Palsy Arthritis & Cardiac Problems |Ixodes Tick (nymphs) Bite

Antibodies cross react with treponemes | |Borrrelia hermsii |No Stain |Spirochete | | | |Variable Membrane Protein | |Tick Born Relapsing Fever

Fever (periodic) & Malaise

Also caused by: B parkerii & duttonii |Ornithodoros Tick

Rat Infested Shelters | |Borrrelia recurrentis |No Stain |Spirochete | | | | | |Louse Born Relapsing Fever

Fever (periodic) & Malaise

Higher fatality rate than TBRF |Crushed Body Louse | |Bacillus anthracis |+ |Rod |Yes

Polypeptide |Aerobic | |Toxic Troika:

1) Protective

2) Edema Factor (EF) – activates cAMP

3) Lethal Factor (LF) –no cytokine release |Ciprofloxacin

Doxycycline

Penicillin

Vaccine (toxin) Available |Anthrax:

Malignant Pustule – black eschar

Inhalation - mediastinitis – no pneumonia

Enteritis – need lots of spores for death

IV – heroin users |Large Rods

| |Erysipolothrix rhusiopathiae |+ |Rod | | | | |Penicillin |Erysiploid

Cutaneous infection from abrasion

Can cause arthritis, meningitis & endocarditis |From Meat & Fish | |Yersinia pestis |- |Rod |Yes | | |Antigen expressed only at 37º C |Streptomycin (DOC)

Tetracycline

Vaccine Available |Bubonic Plague – gangrene & bubo

Pneumonic Plague – high fever, pneumonia, hemoptysis – also septic symtoms |Bipolar Staining (safety pin)

| |Francisella tularensis |- |Cocci (young)

Rod (older) | | | | |Streptomycin

Doxycycline or Cipro = Prophylaxis

Vaccine Available |Tularemia

Ulceroglandular Form – bubo from bug bite

Typhoidal – eating raw rabbit meat

Occuloglandular – rubbing eyes

Inhalation – pneumonia (rare) |Facultative Intracellular

Vaccine Available | |Brucella melitensis |- |Coccobacillus | | | |Brucellergen |Tetracycline or Rifampin |Brucellosis |Goats & Sheep | |Brucella abortus |- |Coccobacillus | | | |Brucellergen |Tetracycline or Rifampin |Brucellosis |Cows | |

Organism |Gram |Shape |Capsule |Aero-Type |Enzymes |Virulence |Treatment |Disease |Other | |Brucella suis |- |Coccobacillus | | | |Brucellergen |Tetracycline or Rifampin |Brucellosis |Pigs | |Streptobacillus moniliformis |- |Pleomorphic | | | | |Penicillin |Rat Bite Fever

Bite heals→3-10 days later: inflammation, adenitis & fever; acute arthritis |More common of 2

Rat Bite Fevers | |Spirillum minus |- |Spiral Shaped | | | | |Penicillin |Rat Bite Fever

Bite heals→1-3 weeks later chancre like ulcer, adenitis, relapsing fever |Polar Flagella

Soduko Fever | |Bartonella henselae | | | | | | | |Cat Scratch Fever

Papule at scratch site, lymphadenopathy, malaise & low grade fever

Bacillary Angiomatosis in AIDS patients | | |Pasteurella multocida |- |Coccobacillus | | | | | |Cat Bite Fever

Lymphadenitis, septisemia

Meningitis, Endocarditis, Osteomyelitis rare | | |

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