RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE, KARNATAKA



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SUBMITTED BY –

MRS.G.VISALAKSHI

1ST YEAR M. Sc NURSING

OBG NURSING

2011-2013 BATCH

ADHARSHA COLLEGE OF NURSING-

#1877/5, 80 FEET ROAD, K.K.HALLI,

KALYAN NAGAR

BANGALORE - 560043

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE, BANGALORE KARNATAKA,

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

|1. |NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS |MRS.G.VISALAKSHI |

|2 |NAME OF THE INSTITUTE |ADHARSHA COLLEGE OF NURSING |

| | |NO: 1877/5, 80 FT, road KACHARAKANAHALLI,BANGALORE |

|3 |COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT |1st YEAR M.Sc. NURSING |

| | |OBG NURSING |

|4 |DATE OF ADMISSION OF THE COURSE |01-06-2011 |

|5 |TITLE OF THE TOPIC |"A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING |

| | |PROGRAMME IN CREATING AWARENESS REGARDING LEUCORRHOEA AMONG WOMEN |

| | |ATTENDING OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT IN SELECTED HOSPITAL AT |

| | |BANGALORE”. |

|6 |BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK | |

| |6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY |ENCLOSED |

| |6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE |ENCLOSED |

| |6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY |ENCLOSED |

| |6.4 HYPOTHESES |ENCLOSED |

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

INTRODUCTION:

Health is not mainly an issue of doctors, social services & hospitals. It is an issue of social justice. Health is a common theme in most cultures. In fact, all communities have their concepts of health, as part of their culture. WHO defines ‘health is a complete physical, mental & social well being & not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’.

The statement has been amplified to include the ability to lead a ‘socially & economically productive life’. Among the people the health of women requires high attention.

A reported that suggest that women are probably dying because she has been denied access to medical treatment in time. Women’s health is compromised at practically every step in time. From womb to tomb, women are made to pay dearly for their women hood & unless some steps are taken to make people appreciate human rights issues related to women’s sexual & reproductive health, women will continue to die.1

There are several medical disorders from which women suffer and leucorrhoea is one of them. Leucorrhoea (common wealth) or leukorrhoea(US) is actually a medical term that denotes a thick , whitish vaginal discharge. It is a natural defense mechanism that the vagina uses to maintain its chemical balance, as well as preserve the flexibility of vaginal tissue.

Normally, the secretion is just enough to lubricate vagina and the sources of secretion are mainly the endometrial glands, cervical glands and vaginal transudate as the vagina has no secretary glands to produce a secretion of its own. 2

The old medical literature have been repleted with instances of ‘ vaginal whites’, which term is applied to excessive vaginal discharge from pus and blood. It may also result from the inflammation or congestion of the vaginal mucosa. In cases where it is yellowish or gives offensive odour, a doctor should be get consulted since it could be sign of an STD. 3

A variety of local terms across India exist for leucorrhoea symptom. In north-central India, it is called safed panni (white water), dhatu or swed pradhar. Women complaining of safed panni often also complained of vague somatic symptoms that include burning hands and feet, dizziness, backache and weakness. Women were very concerned about their condition, and would say that when safed panni is lost from the body, progressive weakness will develop. Many women felt that undergoing the tubectomy operation had caused the condition; others feel that diet was at fault. 4

The majority of women complaining of vaginal discharge had little clinical evidence of infection. Even the discharge of which they complained seemed no more than normal physiological discharge, or the mildly increased discharge associated with overgrowth of naturally occurring vaginal organisms. The treatment of leucorrhoea is both by oral and vaginal routes. The vaginal route requires privacy and professional supervision. The most important drawback of the vaginal route is that the medicine do not spread evenly over the vaginal cervices and surfaces thus leaving some hidden infection which results in recurrence after a variable period of time. 5

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

In south Asia, the complaint of vaginal discharge (often called as leucorrhoea) is extraordinarily common and presumed to indicative of RTI.

According to ayurvedic concepts of health and illness genital secretions are considered as a highly purified form of bodily substance and loss of this precious substance is thought to result in progressive weakness or even death. The link between unexplained gynecological symptoms and mental health concerns has been by both psychiatrists and anthropologist. 6

Leucorrhoea may represent a culturally shaped ‘bodily idiom of distress’, in which concerns about loss of genital secretions reflect wider issues of stress. Problem may arise when a symptoms with deep culturally meaning is interpreted in a purely biomedical framework. In the syndrome approach to a treatment of sexually transmitted infections, health workers are trained to treat women presumptively based on history and a risk assessment, but without clinical or laboratory confirmation of infection. A recent evaluation of this approach demonstrates that many women who complain of vaginal discharge do not have RTI, and are in appropriately treated with antibiotics. It seems likely that women are over reported vaginal discharge because of its deep cultural meaning, which needs to be understood with in an anthropological rather than biomedical framework. 7

A qualitative survey to obtain data on morbidity pattern of a rural community for planning health services. The results revealed that there was wide citation in opinion of various key informants regarding the common health complaints such as leucorrhoea and anemia were the two most common presentations among women. 8

A reported that white discharges and sexual transmissive disease are now increasing. Confronted to this symptom, the general practician can easily diagnose and treat this patient. Therefore he must keep in mind that behind this common symptom, a much more serious disease can be hidden . 9

A study to assess the knowledge and misconceptions about sexually transmitted infections among 218 married women attending out-patient department in the mother and child health centre, Islamabed. They reported that 98.8% of samples felt the need for sex education and 94.4% responded that they would like to learn more about leucorrhoea and STD. The study recommended that population based studies are required to study the knowledge , misconceptions and epidemiology of STI and leucorrhoea as well as a need for a health education in the country. 10

A cross sectional survey among 208 women and reported that 127 (81%) women reported at least one morbid symptom or condition, while 85 (54.1%) women reported symptoms, indicative of anaemia, 36 (22%) leukorrhoea, 34 (21.7%) urinary problems, and 33 (21%) genital prolapse. In addition, 67 (43%) women reported postpartum haemorrhage, 44 (28%) prolonged, obstructed or difficult labour, 27 (17.2%) perineal tear, 19 (12 %) breast problems, and 16 (10%) postpartum fever. Women of older age and higher parity were more likely to report at least one morbid symptom or condition and also were more likely to report symptoms, indicative of anemia (p ................
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