The value of international education to Australia
The value of international education to Australia
Prepared by Deloitte Access Economics
The value of international education to Australia
Prepared by Deloitte Access Economics
About this report
In 2015, the Australian Government Department of Education and Training commissioned the Deloitte Access Economics to assess the value of international education to the Australian community. This assessment encompasses the sector's contribution to the Australian economy and its broader economic and social impact on regional communities, tourism and the calibre and productivity of Australia's workforce. For further information, please visit the website .au.
About Deloitte Access Economics
Deloitte Access Economics (ACN: 149 633 116) is Australia's pre-eminent economics advisory practice and a member of Deloitte's global economics group. For more information, please visit the website .au.
Acknowledgments
The Australian Government Department of Education and Training would like to thank all those individuals and organisations that contributed to the study by supplying data and information and otherwise assisting.
Disclaimer
The Commonwealth of Australia, its officers, employees or agents disclaim any responsibility for loss howsoever caused whether due to negligence or otherwise from the use of information in this publication. No representation expressed or implied is made by the Commonwealth of Australia or any of its officers, employees or agents as to the currency, accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this report. The reader should rely on their own inquiries to independently confirm the information and comment on which they intent to act.
ISBN Print 978-1-76028-716-0 PDF 978-1-76028-685-9 DOCX 978-1-76028-690-3
Creative Commons
With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, the Department's logo, any material protected by a trade mark and where otherwise noted all material presented in this document is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia ( by/3.0/au/) licence.
The details of the relevant licence conditions are available on the Creative Commons website (accessible using the links provided) as is the full legal code for the CC BY 3.0 AU licence ().
The document must be attributed as the Value of International Education to Australia.
Contents
Glossary
vi
Executive Summary
1
1 Introduction
5
2 Quantifying the value of international education exports
8
2.1How international education is captured by the ABS
8
2.2ELICOS students on non-student visas
10
2.3Offshore revenue
15
3 The economic contribution of international education
21
3.1Contribution by mode of delivery
22
3.2Contribution by sector
25
3.3Industries best placed to leverage off future growth in international education 27
4 The regional contribution of international education
31
4.1Contribution by state
31
4.2Regional distribution of international students
35
4.3Impact of international education on regional areas
37
5 Flow-on effects: visiting friends and relatives
41
5.1Quantifying the links between international students and visiting friends
and relatives
41
5.2The economic contribution of visiting friends and relatives
43
6 The role of international education in developing a skilled workforce
46
6.1The contribution of international students' human capital to the
Australian economy
47
6.2The relative value of Australian international education
50
6.3Building industry links and opening up new markets for Australian businesses 51
7 The broader benefits of international education to Australian communities 52
7.1Broader economic and social benefits
52
7.2Raising community awareness
56
The value of international education to Australia
iii
References
61
Appendix A: ABS treatment of international education services
65
Appendix B: Non-student visa ELICOS student revenue
67
Appendix C: Economic contribution modelling framework
70
Appendix D: Student contribution estimation methodology
73
Appendix E: Regional contribution
77
Case study 1: Armidale
77
Case study 2: Impact of international economic activity on regional Victoria
80
Appendix F: VFR contribution estimation
81
Limitation of our work
84
Charts
Chart 1.1: International student enrolments over time
6
Chart 1.2: Trends in student enrolments by nationality
7
Chart 2.1: ELICOS enrolments by visa type, 2014
12
Chart 2.2: ELICOS average course study length by visa type, 2014
13
Chart 2.3: ELICOS export revenue by source, 2014?15
14
Chart 2.4: Offshore higher education student numbers, 2012?14
16
Chart 2.5: Offshore VET student enrolments, 2011?2013
17
Chart 3.1: Total value added by education sector, 2014?15
26
Chart 3.2: Indirect value added to GDP from international education fees, 2014?15 27
Chart 3.3: Direct value added to GDP from living expenses, 2014?15
28
Chart 3.4: Indirect value added to GDP from living expenses, 2014?15
29
Chart 4.1: Relative total international education contribution to states, 2014?15
32
Chart 5.1: Indirect value added from tourism activity, 2014?15
44
Chart E.1: International student enrolments by broad level of course, 2014
79
iv
The value of international education to Australia
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