VanguardVariable Insurance Funds Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds Capital Growth Portfolio

April 29, 2021 Prospectus

This prospectus contains financial data for the Portfolio through the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Contents

Portfolio Summary More on the Portfolio

The Portfolio and Vanguard Investment Advisor Taxes Share Price

1 Financial Highlights

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5 General Information

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11 Glossary of Investment Terms

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Portfolio Summary

Investment Objective The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.

Fees and Expenses The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follows do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees 12b-1 Distribution Fee Other Expenses Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses

0.33% None 0.01% 0.34%

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Portfolio's shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year $35

3 Years $109

5 Years $191

10 Years $431

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio's turnover rate was 6% of the average value of its portfolio.

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Principal Investment Strategies The Portfolio invests in stocks considered to have above-average earnings growth potential that is not reflected in their current market prices. The Portfolio consists predominantly of large- and mid-capitalization stocks.

Principal Risks An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Portfolio's share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio's performance:

? Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

? Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that, because the Portfolio tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Portfolio's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.

? Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization growth stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better--or worse--than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks. The stock prices of mid-size companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

? Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investments in the health care and information technology sectors subject the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of these sectors.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare

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with those of relevant market indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio's returns are net of its expenses, but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio's returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio's past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors. or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

Annual Total Returns -- Capital Growth Portfolio

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0% -10%

2011 ?0.93

2012 15.47

2013 38.48

2014 18.43

2015 2.62

2016 10.84

2017 28.83

2018 ?1.18

2019 26.50

2020 17.47

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

Highest Lowest

Total Return 17.13% -19.45%

Quarter June 30, 2020 March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2020

Capital Growth Portfolio Comparative Indexes (reflect no deduction for fees or expenses) Standard & Poor's 500 Index Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Float Adjusted Index

1 Year 5 Years 17.47% 15.96%

18.40% 15.22% 20.79 15.36

10 Years 14.98%

13.88% 13.74

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Investment Advisor PRIMECAP Management Company (PRIMECAP) Portfolio Managers Theo A. Kolokotrones, Chairman of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2002. Joel P. Fried, President of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2002. Alfred W. Mordecai, Vice Chairman of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2002. M. Mohsin Ansari, Executive Vice President of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2007. James Marchetti, Executive Vice President of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2015.

Tax Information The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

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More on the Portfolio

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as an investor in

this Portfolio. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of

investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential

reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the

potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should

take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities

markets. Look for this

symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to

mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would

confront as a Portfolio investor. To highlight terms and concepts important to

mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk? explanations along the way.

Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Portfolio is the right

investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for

future reference.

A Note About Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds The Capital Growth Portfolio of Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds is a mutual fund used solely as an investment option for annuity or life insurance contracts offered by insurance companies. This means that you cannot purchase shares of the Portfolio directly, but only through a contract offered by an insurance company.

The Capital Growth Portfolio is separate from other Vanguard mutual funds, even when the Portfolio and a fund have the same investment objective and advisor. The Portfolio's investment performance will differ from the performance of other Vanguard funds because of differences in the securities held and because of administrative and insurance costs associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest.

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is because you, as a contract owner, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund's performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Portfolio uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The board of trustees of Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds (the Board), which oversees the

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Portfolio's management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

Market Exposure The Portfolio invests primarily in common stocks of U.S. companies.

The Portfolio is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

The Portfolio is subject to asset concentration risk, which is the chance that, because the Portfolio tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings, the Portfolio's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks. Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company's outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no "official" definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Portfolio's stock holdings as of December 31, 2020, was $131 billion.

Stock funds can also be categorized according to whether the stocks they hold are value or growth stocks or a blend of both. The Capital Growth Portfolio generally fits into the large-cap growth category.

Growth stocks, which are the Portfolio's primary investments, are likely to be even more volatile in price than the stock market as a whole. Historically, growth funds have tended to outperform in bull markets and underperform in declining markets. Of course, there is no guarantee that this pattern will continue in the future. The Portfolio also holds a significant number of mid-cap stocks, which tend to be more volatile than the broader markets.

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