VCE Physics - Formula sheet

Physics

Formula Sheet

You may keep this Formula Sheet.

? VCAA 2024

May 2024

Page 2 of 4

Physics Formula Sheet

Motion and related energy transformations

velocity; acceleration equations for constant acceleration

v 's ; a 'v

't

't

v u at

s ut 1 at2 2

s vt 1 at2 2

v2 u2 2as

1 s (u v)t

2

Newton's second law uniform circular motion Hooke's law elastic potential energy

F = ma

Fnet

=

mv2 r

v

2S r T

F = -kx

Es

=

1 2

kx2

gravitational potential energy kinetic energy Newton's law of universal gravitation gravitational field impulse

Eg = mgh

Ek

=

1 2

mv2

Fg

=G

m1m2 r2

g

=

G

M r2

Ft = mv

momentum

p = mv

Einstein's special theory of relativity

Lorentz factor

time dilation length contraction relativistic rest energy relativistic total energy relativistic kinetic energy

1

J

1

v2 c2

t = t0 L L0

J

E0 = mc2 Etotal = Ek + E0 = mc2 Ek = ( - 1)mc2

May 2024

Physics Formula Sheet

Fields and application of field concepts

uniform electric field between charged plates energy transformations of charges in an electric field field of a point charge

electric force on a charged particle

Coulomb's law

magnetic force on a moving charge magnetic force on a current-carrying conductor radius of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field

E=V d

1 mv2 = qV 2

E

=

k

Q r2

F = qE

F

=

k

q1q2 r2

F = qvB

F = nIlB r = mv

qB

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Generation and transmission of electricity

current; power

=I V= ; P VI R

resistors in series resistors in parallel ideal transformer action AC voltage and current electromagnetic induction transmission losses

RT = R1 + R2 + ... 1 11 +... RT R1 R2

N=1 V=1 I2 N2 V2 I1

1

1

VRMS = Vpeak

IRMS = Ipeak

2

2

= -N t

= B A

Vdrop = Iline Rline Ploss = I2line Rline

Waves

wave equation constructive interference destructive interference

interference pattern spacing

May 2024

v = f

path difference = n

path difference

n

+

1 2

'x OL when L >> d d

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The nature of light and matter

photoelectric effect photon energy photon momentum

de Broglie wavelength

Data

acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface mass of the electron magnitude of the charge of the electron Planck's constant speed of light in a vacuum universal gravitational constant mass of Earth radius of Earth Coulomb constant

Metric (SI) multipliers

p = pico = 10-12

n = nano = 10-9

k = kilo = 103

M = mega = 106

Unit conversions

1 tonne (t) = 103 kg 1 kilowatt hour (kW h) = 3.6 ? 106 J

Nomenclature

force due to gravity terminology for force normal force

Ek max hf I E hf hc

O ph

O O h

p

Physics Formula Sheet

g = 9.81 m s-2 me = 9.11 ? 10-31 kg qe = 1.60 ? 10-19 C h = 6.63 ? 10-34 J s h = 4.14 ? 10-15 eV s c = 3.00 ? 108 m s-1 G = 6.67 ? 10-11 N m2 kg-2 ME = 5.97 ? 1024 kg RE = 6.37 ? 106 m k = 8.99 ? 109 N m2 C-2

= micro = 10-6 G = giga = 109

m = milli = 10-3 T = tera = 1012

Fg F on A by B FN

End of Formula Sheet

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