VERBS of ATTRIBUTION
VERBS of ATTRIBUTION
(You can use these instead of "says.")
Academic Skills Center Room 1501 Shoreline Community College
When you write about what other people say, you might use the verb "says," as in this statement: The author says that only six reindeer pull Santa's sleigh. "Says" is a verb of attribution; it means that you are quoting, paraphrasing, or referring to another source. "Says" is often overused, though, which makes the writing sound repetitive or boring.
When you want to show that you are citing someone else's opinion or information, try using an attributive verb other that "says." Different verbs of attribution are included in the list below. The verb you choose could be a relatively objective verb, or it could show that you agree or disagree with the cited material. Therefore, your verb choice is important!
General verbs of attribution:
accepts acknowledges
addresses
adds advises allows analyzes answers asks asserts assumes assures argues
believes categorizes challenges charges cites claims comments compares concedes concludes considers contends explains
expresses deals with decides declares defines describes discusses echoes emphasizes exclaims finds grants holds
hypothesizes illustrates implies indicates insists interprets introduces lists maintains mentions notes observes offers
offers points out proposes questions realizes reasons remarks replies reports responds reveals shows speculates
states suggests supposes thinks uses utilizes warns wonders writes
Verbs of attribution that show agreement:
affirms agrees concedes
concurs with confirms echoes
supports verifies
Verbs of attribution that show disagreement:
counters criticizes denies
disagrees disputes objects
opposes refutes rejects
REMEMBER: Be careful with your choice.
Each verb has implied meanings, and many are not interchangeable. Use only verbs that you understand!
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