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Name: Veronica De La Cruz Date: August 2, 2020Class: BIO2312 Lecture/Lab Smmr 2020Professor Niloufar HaqueUrinalysis Lab ReportINTRODUCTION:The urinary system which is also known as the renal system or urinary tract it consists on kidneys, ureter, bladder, and the urethra. The urinary system’s purpose is to eliminate waste form the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, it controls the levels of electrolytes and regulates the blood pH. It is basically the body’s drainage filtering wastes and excess water from the blood producing urine.Through urinalysis we are able to detect and manage vast range of disorders like UTI’s, kidney disease and diabetes. It involves observing its appearance, concentration and content of urine. With this study doctors are able to diagnose patients and this is known as urine culture.Materials and MethodIn order for us to perform a urinalysis we will have to analyze the various urine samples in the lab. For this we will need disposable gloves, wide-range pH paper, dipsticks, urinometer, test tubes a test rack, test tube holders and a 10ml graduated cylinder. So in this lab we experimented with three samples of urine and a multistix, the samples were collected in a sterilized container and were handled with disposable gloves. A different multistix was used to dip in each of the different urine samples and then set and be observed of the sticks reacting change and color if levels are above normal. We are able to determine this because we know that the color of urine should be pale yellow due to urochrome found from the breakdown of hemoglobin. When the test sticks are developed the color is later recorded. The three distinct urines were the normal urine artificial sample, the abnormal urine artificial 1 and the abnormal artificial urine 2. When dipping in the multistix into the urine samples we ensure that the strips come into contact with the urine by gently shaking. Then after waiting for three to four minutes we remove the strip test from the samples to be developed then we are able to compare it to the colors found in the reference pad on the dipstick bottle. Lastly we dispose of the mutlistix strips and record our observations. Results:Normal urine artificialIn the normal urine artificial we found no underlying conditions and seemed to be a person in good health. Tests for the determination of leukocytes, nitrite, protein, blood, bilirubin, and glucose were negative and the only positive is the specific gravity which is found in any urine analysis of a healthy person.Abnormal artificial urine sample 1In the abnormal artificial urine sample 1 we were able to observe one of the colors on the multistix was appeared purple/ maroon indicating ketones found in the urine. For this patient, the protein and glucose results were a little concerning. The glucose test indicated a result of 2,000 mg/dL or more this can be connected to a person of type 1 diabetes mellitus, starvation or a situation producing stress.Abnormal artificial urine sample 2This patient showed to have more problems, the pH levels were 8.0 for this person. In the abnormal artificial urine sample 2 we had placed five drops of urine into a test tube along with 10 drops of water. Then placing a clinitest in the tube where observed a brownish color and comparing it to the reference pad we realized that there was glucose in the urine. The clinitest is a reagent tablet that is used just as the multistix. With this result we can say that this person has type 2 diabetes and renal failure such as kidney stones or possibly urinating tract infection.ConclusionWith the test of urinalysis we realize how important it is, after we made careful observation of the results we can say that they help diagnosing a patient and detecting the different illnesses and conditions in a patient. We are able to discern what a patient really needs, if it’s intake of healthier food or living a better lifestyle and how to avoid serious failures in health. With urinalysis we are able to do simple and fast analysis it can show you how a person cares for themselves and what is needed also did I mention how really easy it is to read, it is best advise that a person ask to do this test when visiting the doctor to have an idea and just be on the safe side and of course whenever feeling discomfort when urinating or in general to not hesitate in seeking for medical attention. With the three samples of urine we were able to observe the different kinds of people, whether the healthier ones or the ones that are most in need for medical attention. ................
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