Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL
Sections
1. General Anatomy
2. Histology
3. Anatomical Lexicon
4. Cardiovascular
5. Digestive
6. Endocrine
7. Integumentary
8. Lymphatic / Immune
9. Muscular
10. Nervous
11. Reproductive
12. Development
13. Respiratory
14. Skeletal
15. Urinary
General Anatomy
Chapter 1 Exploring Life and Science
1. The scientific study of life is called:
A. biology
B. ecology
C. anatomy
D. biochemistry
E. limnology
2. A complex individual that consists of organ systems is known as a/an
A. community.
B. population.
C. organism.
D. tissue.
E. species.
3. All of the ecosystems on the planet together are called the
A. atmosphere.
B. hydrosphere.
C. biosphere.
D. lithosphere.
E. stratosphere.
4. In a swamp, all of the alligators would represent a/an
A. organism.
B. population.
C. community.
D. ecosystem.
E. biosphere.
5. All of the changes that occur from the time an egg is fertilized through childhood, adolescence and adulthood are called
A. metabolism.
B. evolution.
C. homeostasis.
D. reproduction.
E. development.
6. Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of all living things?
A. Living things are organized.
B. Living things acquire materials and energy.
C. Living things contain a nucleus and organelles.
D. Living things reproduce.
E. Living things grow and develop.
7. The process of change that produces the diversity of life on Earth is called
A. evolution.
B. homeostasis.
C. levels of organization.
D. biological classification.
E. molecular diversification.
8. Traditions, beliefs, and values are considered what aspect of human life?
A. communicative
B. cultural
C. instructional
D. biological
E. chemical
9. Which organisms are most closely related to humans?
A. spiders
B. earthworms
C. parakeets
D. meerkats
E. snakes
10. A species has been discovered that is able to live in boiling hot springs. This organism most likely belongs to the domain
A. Archaea.
B. Bacteria.
C. Eukarya.
11. What is the unifying principle of the biological sciences?
A. Technology
B. Anatomy
C. Biochemistry
D. Taxonomy
E. Evolution
12. Which of the following is not a basic theory of biology?
A. Theory of ecosystems
B. Cell theory
C. Gene theory
D. Theory of evolution
E. Theory of gravity
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life
13. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called
A. an isotope.
B. a nucleus.
C. an atom.
D. a molecular bond.
E. a neutrino.
14. In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number
A. of electrons.
B. of neutrons.
C. of neutron and protons.
D. of quarks.
E. of neutrinos.
How many elements occur naturally?
A. 112
B. 92
C. 64
D. 32
E. 6
15. An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.
A. True
B. False
16. A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called
A. an atomic unit.
B. a molecule.
C. a compound.
D. an isotope.
E. an ion.
17. Hydrogen bonds
A. result from the loss of neutrons by an atom.
B. result in the formation of salts.
C. involve the loss and gain of electrons.
D. involve the sharing of electrons.
E. are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.
18. The reason water is polar is because
A. in polar molecules atoms share electrons evenly.
B. the oxygen atom is larger than the hydrogen atom.
C. hydrophilic molecules interact with water.
D. hydrophobic molecules do not interact with water.
E. there is a transfer of electrons from the hydrogen to the oxygen.
19. Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called
A. monosaccharides.
B. disaccharides.
C. trisaccharides.
D. polysaccharides.
E. steroids.
20. A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered
A. saturated.
B. unsaturated.
C. trans unsaturated.
21. Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.
A. True
B. False
22. The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?
A. steroids
B. fats
C. oils
D. triglycerides
E. phospholipids
23. The membranes of cells are composed of
A. phospholipids.
B. fats.
C. oils.
D. steroids.
E. triglycerides.
24. The monomer unit of a protein is
A. fatty acids.
B. amino acids.
C. monosaccharides.
D. polysaccharides.
E. nucleic acids.
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
A. quick energy
B. support
C. transport
D. enzymes
E. motion
Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function
25. ________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.
A. Compartments
B. Cells
C. Chromosomes
D. Coelom
E. Cristae
26. The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its
A. extracellular matrix.
B. function.
C. nuclear size.
D. surface area-to-volume ratio.
E. genome size.
27. The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because
A. cells influence nearby cells to divide.
B. the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.
C. cells need to dissipate heat effectively.
D. mitosis occurs before cells reach a certain size.
E. cells need to communicate with adjacent cells.
28. What is the name of the semifluid medium inside the cell?
A. nucleolus
B. cytoplasm
C. organelle
D. cytoskeleton
E. mitochondrion
29. The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called
A. denaturation.
B. osmosis.
C. dispersion.
D. dissociation.
E. reconstitution.
30. If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
A. form a spindle apparatus.
B. synthesize proteins.
C. respire oxidatively.
D. break down fats.
E. produce ATP.
Chapter 4 Organization and Regulation of Body Systems
31. Specialized cells that work together to perform a common function are called
A. membranes.
B. organs.
C. tissues.
D. glands.
E. organisms.
32. Which of the following is not considered a basic tissue type?
A. epithelial
B. connective
C. muscle
D. nervous
E. fat
33. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
A. epithelial tissue
B. connective tissue
C. muscular tissue
D. nervous tissue
E. vascular tissue
34. What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues?
A. actin
B. collagen
C. keratin
D. fibrinogen
E. myosin
35. What are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue?
A. bone and blood
B. fibroblasts and matrix
C. hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage
D. adipose and cartilage
E. loose fibrous and dense fibrous
36. There is no matrix in blood because it is a liquid.
A. True
B. False
37. The two components of blood are
A. red blood cells and plasma.
B. platelets and plasma.
C. white blood cells and red blood cells.
D. formed elements and plasma.
E. formed elements and platelets. .
C. intercalated discs.
D. the branching of the cells.
E. tendons connecting the muscle to bone.
38. What type of tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Muscular tissue
D. Nervous tissue
E. Vascular tissue
Chapter 11 Skeletal System
39. Which function of the skeleton do the rib cage, vertebral column, and skull represent?
A. support the body
B. protect soft body parts
C. produce blood cells
D. store minerals and fats
E. permit flexible body movement
40. Which function of the skeletal system requires that the leg bones be the strongest in the body?
A. They support the entire body.
B. They protect soft body parts.
C. They produce blood cells.
D. They store minerals and fat.
E. They permit flexible body movement.
41. Where, besides adipose tissue, is fat stored?
A. matrix of bone
B. yellow bone marrow
C. red bone marrow
D. periosteum
E. articular cartilage
42. In bone the cells are called _________________ and in cartilage they are called ________________.
A. osteocytes, osteoblasts
B. lacunae, osteocytes
C. chondrocytes, lacunae
D. osteoblasts, chondrocytes
E. osteocytes, chondrocytes
43. What criterion is used to categorize the skeleton into axial and appendicular?
A. whether the bones are weight bearing or not
B. whether the bones lie on the midline or on a girdle
C. whether the bones are flat or long
D. whether the bones contain red bone marrow or yellow bone marrow
E. whether the bones articulate with the pelvis or not
44. Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton?
A. clavicle
B. hyoid
C. temporal
D. rib
E. vertebrae
45. Jill broke her cheekbone in an ice skating accident. Which bone did she break?
A. temporal bone
B. mandible
C. maxilla
D. zygomatic bone
E. frontal bone
46. How many vertebrae are there?
A. 5
B. 10
C. 18
D. 24
E. 33
47. The thoracic vertebrae are named that because the ribs attach there.
A. True
B. False
48. The name of the "tailbone" is the
A. lumbar.
B. sacrum.
C. coccyx.
D. sphinoid.
E. axis.
49. All 12 pairs of ribs connect directly to the thoracic vertebrae in the back and the sternum in the front.
A. True
B. False
50. Which of the following bones is not part of the pectoral girdle and attached limbs?
A. clavicle
B. sternum
C. scapula
D. ulna
E. humerus
51. How many bones are present in the pelvic girdle?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
E. five
52. Which of the following is not part of the coxal bone?
A. patella
B. ilium
C. ischium
D. pubis
53. The head of the radius is located at the
A. elbow.
B. wrist.
C. shoulder.
54. When you hit your "funny bone", what are you hitting?
A. olecranon process
B. deltoid tuberosity
C. acromion process
D. head of ulna
E. glenoid cavity
55. Which bone is the longest and strongest bone in the body?
A. humerus
B. pelvis
C. tibia
D. fibula
E. femur
56. There are phalanges in both the lower limb and upper limb.
A. True
B. False
57. A ligament connects
A. cartilage to bone.
B. muscle to bone.
C. bone to bone.
58. When you kick your foot out in front of you, what type of movement are you using?
A. adduction and abduction
B. flexion and extension
C. rotation
D. eversion
E. inversion
Match the Term with its indicated structure
|TERM |TERM |
|Ribosomes |Endoplasmic reticulum |
|Golgi |DNA |
|Plasma membrane | |
[pic]
Use this TABLE of Choices to FILL IN the Tissue Classification on the following 2 Pages. USE Alphabetical formatting for each group and subgroup
|CODE |MAIN |SUBTYPE |SHAPE |FORM |
|A |Connective |Adipose |Columnar |Compact |
|B |Epithelial |Areolar |Cuboidal |Dense |
|C |Muscular |Blood |Squamous |Elastic |
|D |nervous |Bone | |Irregular |
|E | |Cardiac | |Loose |
|AB | |Cartilage | |Regular |
|AC | |Cells | |Reticular |
|AD | |Fibrous / Fibro | |Spongy |
|AE | |Fluid | | |
|BC | |Hyaline | | |
|BD | |Lymph | | |
|BE | |Neuroglia | | |
|CD | |Neuron | | |
|CE | |Plasma | | |
|DE | |Pseudostratified | | |
|ABC | |Simple | | |
|ABD | |Skeletal | | |
|ABE | |Smooth | | |
|ACD | |Stratified | | |
|ACE | |Supportive | | |
|ADE | |Transitional | | |
Tissue / Cell Types
|Main |Sub Type |Sub Type |Sub Type |
|CLASS |MAIN DIVISION | |FEATURES |
|____ |Fibrous |__ |__ |
| | | |Irregular |
| | | |Regular |
| | |Loose |Adipose |
| | | |__ |
| | | |Reticular |
| |Fluid | Blood |Formed Elements / Cells |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | |__ |
| | |Lymph | |
| |__ | Bone |Compact |
| | | |__ |
| | | Cartilage | Elastic |
| | | | Fibro |
| | | | Hyaline |
Tissue / Cell Types
|Main |Sub Type |Sub Type |
|Epithelial |Columnar |Simple |
| | |______ |
| |Cuboidal |Simple |
| | |Stratified |
| |Squamous |____ |
| | |____ |
|____ |Cardiac | |
| |_____ | |
| |Smooth | |
|____ |_____ | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |Neurons | |
Using this Table of Choices, identify the indicated bones on the following Illustrations
|NUMBER |BONE |NUNBER |BONE |
| |Carpals |__ |Mandible |
|__ |Coccyx |__ |Maxillae |
|__ |Costals |__ |Metacarpals |
| |Clavicle |__ |Metatarsals |
| |Coxal |__ |Parietal |
| |Digits |__ |Patella |
| |Ethmoid |__ |Radius |
|__ |Femur | |Sacrum |
|__ |Fibula |__ |Scapula |
| |Frontal | |Sternum |
|__ |Humerus |__ |Tarsals |
| |Hyoid |__ |Temporal |
| |Incus |__ |Tibia |
| |Ilium |__ |Ulna |
| |ischium |__ |Vertebrae |
| | | |Zygomatic |
|Illustration |
|[pic] |
|Illustration |
|[pic] |
|Ch 5 and 6 Cardiovascular System |
1. Which of the following is not classified as a type of blood vessel?
A) capillaries
B) arteries
C) vein
D) lymph nodes
2. The _____ are considered small arteries just visible to the naked eye.
A) venules
B) arterioles
C) veins
D) capillaries
3. _______ are considered small veins that drain blood from the capillaries
A) Arterioles
B) Venules
C) Veins
D) Lymphatic vessels
4. In veins of the lower extremities, ______ serve to help circulating blood defy gravity and travel upward to the heart.
A) arterioles
B) venules
C) valves
D) synapses
5. The left ventricle sends oxygenated blood into the ______ to be distributed throughout the body.
A) vena cava
B) pulmonary artery
C) aorta
D) pulmonary vein
Classify the following terms. Mark all that apply
| |Erythrocytes |Leukocytes |Lymphocytes |Formed Elements |Cell Fragments |
| | | | |D | |
| |A |B |C | |E |
|Red Blood Cell |__ |__ |__ |__ |__ |
|Platelet |__ |__ |__ |__ |__ |
Identify each term with its appropriate structure in the illustration
|Illustration |TERM |
|[pic] | |
| |Descending Aorta |
| |Pumonary vein |
| |Superior vena cava |
| |Hepatic Portal vein |
| |Renal Artery |
| |Hepatic vein |
| |Pulmonary Artery |
| |Carotid Artery |
| |Inverior vena cava |
| |Gastric Artery |
Identify each term with its appropriate structure in the illustration
|TERM |Illustration |
| |[pic] |
|Tricuspid Valve | |
|Bicuspid Valve | |
|Pulmonary Valve | |
|Aortic Valve | |
|Pulmonary Arteries | |
|L Pulmonary Veins | |
|Aortic Arch | |
|Right Ventricle | |
|Left Atrium | |
|Ch 7 Lymphoid System and Immunity |
6. The lymphoid system is composed of
A) lymphatic vessels.
B) lymph nodes.
C) the spleen.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above
7. A foreign invader that may cause disease is called a(n)
A) pathogen.
B) antigen.
C) antibody.
D) virus.
E) bacteria.
8. The primary function of the lymphoid system is
A) circulation of nutrients.
B) transport of hormones.
C) production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes.
D) production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins.
E) all of the above
9. Flow through lymph vessels resembles flow through
A) elastic arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) the vena cava.
D) veins.
E) muscular arteries.
10. Lymph nodes
A) produce antibodies from specialized T cells.
B) monitor the contents of lymph by removing debris and pathogens.
C) act as a "check station" for cancer cells.
D) B and C only
E) all of the above
11. In general, lymphocytes
A) spend little time in the blood.
B) have a relatively long life span.
C) are not evenly distributed in the lymphoid tissues.
D) B and C only
E) all of the above
12. The spleen
A) is the largest lymphoid organ.
B) contains nodules similar to other lymphoid nodules.
C) contains lymphocytes.
D) is located in the left upper quadrant.
E) all of the above
13. The first line of cellular defense against pathogens is
A) T cells.
B) B cells.
C) NK cells.
D) phagocytes.
E) plasma cells.
14. The cells primarily responsible for immunity are
A) lymphocytes and macrophages.
B) neutrophils and macrophages.
C) monocytes and macrophages.
D) eosinophils and lymphocytes.
E) basophils and monocytes.
15. Which of the following is a specific body defense?
A) hair
B) epithelium
C) secretions
D) immunity
E) basement membranes
16. Humoral immunity, antibody formation, is the responsibility of the
A) cytotoxic T cells.
B) helper T cells.
C) suppressor T cells.
D) B cells.
E) plasma cells.
17. With advancing age, the immune system
A) becomes more effective at combating disease.
B) remains the same and is not affected by the aging process.
C) has alternating periods of efficacy.
D) becomes less effective at combating disease.
E) becomes more responsive to antigens.
|Ch 9 Respiratory System |
Identify each term with its appropriate structure in the illustration
|Structure |Illustration |
|Bronchus |[pic] |
|Larynx | |
|Mouth | |
|Nasal Cavity | |
|Pharynx | |
18. Functions of the respiratory system include
A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above
19. Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the
A) upper respiratory tract.
B) lower respiratory tract.
C) lungs.
D) alveoli.
E) all of the above
20. Microorganisms removed from incoming air by the sticky mucus of the respiratory tract are most likely destroyed by
A) toxins in the mucus.
B) the cilia.
C) gastric juice.
D) a lack of nutrients.
E) all of the above
21. The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
A) larynx.
B) glottis.
C) vestibule.
D) pharynx.
E) trachea.
22. The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the
A) force of air.
B) tension in the vocal cords.
C) size of the laryngeal cartilage.
D) shape of the laryngeal cartilage.
E) nasal cavity.
Place the following structures in order from the perspective of a CO2 molecule arriving in the lungs from the systemic circulation
|Structure Order |CODE |Structure |
|Pulmonary Capillary |A |alveolar ducts |
|__ |B |alveoli |
|__ |C |bronchioles |
|__ |D |nasal cavity |
|__ |E |pharynx |
|__ |AC |larynx |
|__ |AD |primary bronchi |
|__ |AE |secondary bronchi |
|__ |BC |terminal bronchioles |
|__ |BD |trachea |
|Outside / External Environment | | |
23. Pulmonary ventilation refers to
A) the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) the movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
C) the movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space.
D) the movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.
E) the utilization of oxygen.
24. The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and lungs is
A) pulmonary ventilation.
B) external respiration.
C) internal respiration.
D) cellular respiration.
E) breathing.
25. Internal respiration involves the
A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.
B) diffusion of gases between the cells and the circulating blood.
C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid.
D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin.
E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.
|Ch 8 Digestive System |
26. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
A) stomach
B) liver
C) spleen
D) colon
E) esophagus
27. Ingestion refers to the
A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
B) input of food into the digestive tract.
C) chemical breakdown of food.
D) absorption of nutrients in the gut.
E) mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes.
28. The beginning and end of the digestive tract is lined by
A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B) cuboidal epithelium.
C) stratified squamous epithelium.
D) simple epithelium.
E) simple columnar epithelium.
29. Chewing is called
A) segmentation.
B) pendulum movements.
C) peristalsis.
D) churning movements.
E) mastication.
30. Functions of the tongue include
A) mechanical processing of food.
B) manipulation of food.
C) sensory analysis of food.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above
31. The first place mechanical digestion takes place is the
A) oral cavity.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) pancreas.
E) small intestine.
32. The first portion of the stomach that food enters is the
A) body.
B) antrum.
C) pylorus.
D) cardia.
E) fundus.
33. Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by
A) plicae.
B) villi.
C) microvilli.
D) intestinal movements.
E) all of the above
34. The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the
A) ileum.
B) colon.
C) cecum.
D) jejunum.
E) duodenum.
35. The portion of the small intestine that performs most absorption is the
A) ileum.
B) duodenum.
C) jejunum.
D) pylorus.
E) cecum.
36. The longest portion of the small intestine is the
A) cecum.
B) appendix.
C) ileum.
D) jejunum.
E) duodenum.
37. The liver functions to
A) form glucose from non-carbohydrates.
B) store vitamins.
C) destroy damaged RBC.
D) produce bile.
E) all of the above
38. Bile is produced in the
A) liver.
B) duodenum.
C) pancreas.
D) gall bladder.
E) appendix.
39. Which of the following is a major action of the large intestine?
A) secrete enzymes
B) reabsorb water
C) regulate the release of bile
D) secrete digestive enzymes
E) produce hormones
40. Major regions of the large intestine include the
A) cecum, colon, and duodenum.
B) duodenum, ileum, and jejunum.
C) cecum, colon, and duodenum.
D) ascending colon, descending colon, and ileum.
E) cecum, colon, and rectum.
|Ch 8 Nutrition and Metabolism |
41. The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given instant is called
A) glycolysis.
B) oxidation.
C) catabolism.
D) anabolism.
E) metabolism.
42. The cells that are most dependent upon a continual supply of glucose are those of the
A) muscular system.
B) nervous system.
C) respiratory system.
D) digestive system.
E) integumentary system.
43. Muscles store metabolic reserves as
A) carbohydrates.
B) glycogen.
C) amino acids.
D) triglycerides.
E) fatty acids.
44. During lipolysis,
A) triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl CoA.
B) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.
C) lipids are converted into glucose molecules.
D) lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates.
E) lipids are metabolized to yield ATP.
d Terms
45. The food source most clearly linked to heart disease is
A) simple sugars.
B) complex carbohydrates.
C) lipids.
D) proteins.
E) nucleic acids.
46. Diets containing too many calories and too many lipids by proportion increase the incidence of
A) obesity.
B) heart disease and atherosclerosis.
C) diabetes.
D) hypertension.
E) all of the above
47. Which of the following is a complete protein source?
A) eggs
B) corn
C) gelatin
D) rice
E) none of the above
48. A calorie unit used in food is equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water ________ degree(s) Celsius.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 10
D) 100
E) 1,000
49. The nutrients that yield ZERO energy per gram are
A) carbohydrates.
B) proteins.
C) fats.
D) nucleic acids.
E) vitamins.
50. Major food source of Vitamin C is derived from`
A) dairy
B) meats
C) fruits and vegetables
D) desserts
E) breads
51. Which food group is the best source of calcium?
A) breads
B) meats
C) dairy
D) fruits
E) vegetables
52. Factors that influence an individual's BMR (basal metabolic rate) include
A) sex.
B) age.
C) body weight.
D) genetics.
E) all of the above
53. In order to get enough energy out of food to survive, humans must have a constant supply of
A) oxygen.
B) water.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) iron.
E) vitamins
|Ch 10 Urinary System |
54. Which of the following is not a structure found in the urinary system?
A) ureters
B) kidney
C) pancreas
D) urethra
55. The removal of metabolic wastes from the body is called __________
A) secretion
B) defecation
C) excretion
D) maintenance
56. Besides the excretion of metabolic wastes, which of these describes a vital function of the kidneys?
A) The kidneys maintain the water-salt balance of the body.
B) The kidneys regulate the blood's pH.
C) The kidneys assist the hormone system.
D) All of these are correct.
57. Individuals who need a kidney transplant usually must undergo an artificial treatment called ______ until a suitable kidney can be found.
A) hemodialysis
B) hemolysis
C) selective reabsorption
D) active transport
58. The _______ conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
A) loop of Henle
B) Bowmans capsule
C) urethra
D) ureters
59. The kidneys will secrete the hormone to stimulate red blood cell production, which in synthetic form was made famous by Lance Armstrong and the USPS Bicycling Team _____________.
A) renin
B) aldosterone
C) erythropoietin
D) atrial natriuretic hormone
60. The __________ extend(s) from the urinary bladder to an external opening. It is longer in males than in females.
A) ureter
B) prostate gland
C) urethra
D) glomerulus
61. Another term for urination is _____.
A) erythropoietin
B) micturation
C) defication
D) urethritis
62. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is:
A) lower than in other capillary beds
B) higher than in other capillary beds
C) responsible for maintaining filtration
D) higher than in other capillary beds and is responsible for maintaining filtration
63. In diabetes mellitus, excess __________ occurs in the blood.
A) protein
B) fat
C) glucose
D) amino acid
64. _______________ are chemicals that increase the flow of urine.
A) Emetics
B) Diuretics
C) Nephritics
D) Antibiotics
65. To maintain homeostasis, the kidney excretes and reabsorbs the following ions as needed: __________.
A) bicarbonate
B) potassium
C) calcium
D) sodium
E) All of these are correct.
Ch 13 Nervous System
66. Which of the following statements is not true concerning the central nervous system?
A. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and the brain.
B. The brain and spinal cord contain only white matter--myelinated axons that run together in bundles.
C. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by bone.
D. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by meninges.
E. The spaces around the brain and spinal cord are filled with fluid.
67. Which of the following types of nerves is not covered by a protective myelin sheath?
A. long axons
B. gray matter of the CNS
C. white matter of the CNS
D. nerve fibers within the PNS
68. Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear
A) gray.
B) white.
C) yellow.
D) brown.
E) transparent.
69. Major centers concerned with autonomic control of breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and digestive activities are located in the
A) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) diencephalons.
E) cerebellum.
70. A neural cortex is found on the surface of the
A) cerebrum.
B) midbrain.
C) cerebellum.
D) pons.
E) both A and C
71. The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the
A) medulla.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) cerebellum.
E) cerebrum.
72. Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?
A) temperature regulation
B) thirst sensation
C) hunger sensation
D) postural reflexes
E) hormone production
73. The highest levels of information processing occur in the
A) cerebrum.
B) midbrain.
C) cerebellum.
D) medulla.
E) spinal cord.
74. Nerves exit the vertebral canal through
A) vertebral foramen.
B) intervertebral foramina.
C) sacral foramina.
D) intervertebral discs.
E) both B and C
75. The only cranial nerve that is attached to the cerebrum is the
A) optic.
B) oculomotor.
C) trochlear.
D) olfactory.
E) vestibulocochlear.
76. Reflexes help to control
A) heart rate.
B) blood pressure.
C) digestion.
D) pupil size.
E) all of the above
B. Pulling away from a painful stimulus is an example of the ________ reflex.
A) cross-extensor
B) pupillary
C) withdrawal
D) knee-jerk
E) ankle-jerk
77. Ascending tracts
A) carry sensory information to the brain.
B) carry motor information to the brain.
C) carry sensory information from the brain.
D) carry motor information from the brain.
E) none of the above
78. The autonomic division of the nervous system directs
A) voluntary motor activity.
B) conscious control of skeletal muscles.
C) unconscious control of skeletal muscles.
D) processes that maintain homeostasis.
E) all of the above
79. The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity and stress is the
A) sympathetic division.
B) parasympathetic division.
C) craniosacral division.
D) arachnoid division.
E) somatic motor division.
80. The division of the autonomic nervous system that maintains homeostasis during stressful conditions is the
A) sympathetic division.
B) parasympathetic division.
C) thoracolumbar division.
D) arachnoid division.
E) somatic motor division.
81. Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system include
A) dilation of the pupils.
B) increased secretion by digestive glands.
C) dilation of respiratory passages.
D) increased heart rate.
E) all of the above
Match the term in the first column with its description in the second column
|TERM |Definition / Association |
|_____ astrocytes |neuron cell body |
|_____ exteroceptor |neurotransmitter |
|_____ neuroglia |provide(s) information about the external environment |
|_____ soma |provide(s) a supporting framework |
| |largest and most numerous type of glial cells |
For the following micrograph, Spinal Cord Anatomy, assuming an inferior view, fill in the identification for the structures (indicator lines) and perspectives. Use Column of CHOICES below.
|Structure |Code |Choices |
|___Name this Perspective / Side |A |Anterior |
| |B |Central Canal |
|_____Name structure |C |Gray Horn |
| |D |Inferior |
|_____ Name this Perspective / Side |E |Inter - neuron |
| |AB |Meninges |
|Name structure |AC |Motor Neuron |
| |AD |Patient Left |
| |AE |Patient Right |
| |BC |Posterior |
| |BD |Sensory Neuron |
| |BE |Superior |
| |CD |White Matter |
| |CE |None of the Above |
Photograph Cross section Spinal Cord
[pic]
Neuron Anatomy
For the following illustration, Neuron Anatomy, fill in the identification and processes for the structures (indicator lines) and regions (boundary lines) for the symbols that are indicated.
|Structure |Code |Term |
|Name this structure # |A |Axon |
| |B |Axon Hillock |
|Name this structure && |C |Dendrite |
| |D |Myelin Sheath |
|Name this structure @@ |E |Nuronal Gap |
| |AB |Nucleus |
| |AC |Soma |
| |AD |Axon terminals |
Neuron
[pic]
Autonomic Nervous System
|SYSTEM A |SYSTEM B |
|[pic] |[pic] |
Fill in the following classification Table. Match System A or B with the respective functions.
Place a check mark in the appropriate column A or B. Mark AB if both and C if not applicable to either system.
|Function |SYSTEM A |SYSTEM B |
|Cranial Sacral nerves | | |
|Operates continuously to mange homeostasis | | |
|Operates in acute response to change situations | | |
|Parasympathetic | | |
|Sympathetic | | |
|Thoraco-Spinal nerves | | |
Ch 14 General and Special Senses
82. The term general senses refers to sensations of
A) hot and cold.
B) pain.
C) touch and vibration.
D) both B and C
E) all of the above
83. The special senses are
A) olfaction.
B) vision.
C) gustation.
D) equilibrium.
E) all of the above
84. Nociceptors are sensitive to
A) pain.
B) light touch.
C) pressure.
D) osmotic pressure.
E) blood pressure.
85. Olfactory receptors are examples of
A) pain receptors.
B) thermoreceptors.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) chemoreceptors.
E) proprioceptors.
86. Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called
A) nociceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) baroreceptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) thermoreceptors.
87. The pigmented portion of the eye is the
A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) pupil.
E) canthus.
88. The space between the iris and the cornea is the
A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber.
C) pupil.
D) aqueous humor.
E) vitreous body.
89. A blind spot in the retina occurs where
A) the fovea is located.
B) ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells.
C) the optic nerve attaches to the retina.
D) rod cells are clustered to form the macula.
E) amacrine cells are located.
90. The hearing receptors are located in the
A) ampulla.
B) organ of Corti.
C) utricle.
D) saccule.
E) semicircular canals.
91. The ossicles connect the
A) tympanic membrane to the oval window.
B) tympanic membrane to the round window.
C) oval window to the round window.
D) cochlea to the tympanic membrane.
E) cochlea to the oval window.
92. Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the
A) auditory ossicles.
B) cochlea.
C) oval window.
D) round window.
E) tympanic membrane.
Match the chamber in the first column with its structure in the second column.
|Term |Constituents |
| external ear , |A. cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals |
|middle ear |B. auricle, auditory meatus |
|internal ear |C. auditory ossicles |
EYE Anatomy Match the Anatomical term with its corresponding indicator on the following diagram
|Term |Term |
|anterior chamber |lens |
|cornea |optic nerve |
|iris | |
[pic]
Ear Anatomy Match the Anatomical term with its corresponding indicator on the following diagram
|Term |Term |
|Auditory Canal |Semicircular canals |
|Auditory tube |Tympanic Membrane |
Illustration o Human Ear
[pic]
Match the Special Sense to its functional stimulus. Place a check mark in the appropriate column for each sense.
| |A |B |C |D |
|SENSE |Photo |Mechanical |General Somatic |Chemical |
|Taste | | | | |
|Sight | | | | |
|Touch | | | | |
|Smell | | | | |
|Equilibrium | | | | |
|Hearing | | | | |
Ch 15 Endocrine System
93. The nervous system
A) produces rapid and specific responses to environmental stimuli.
B) communicates by the release of neurotransmitters.
C) continues to produce a response long after neural output ceases.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above
94. The endocrine system
A) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.
B) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously.
C) produces effects that can last for hours, days, and even longer.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above
95. Generally, the actions of hormones
A) tend to be more widespread than actions of the nervous system.
B) are longer lasting than actions of the nervous system.
C) are slower to react than the nervous system.
D) cause changes in the machinery of the cells.
E) all of the above
96. The hormone oxytocin
A) promotes uterine contractions.
B) is responsible for milk production in the mammary glands.
C) regulates blood pressure.
D) governs the ovarian cycle.
E) both A and B
97. Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the
A) thyroid gland.
B) pancreas.
C) parathyroid glands.
D) hypothalamus.
E) all of the above
98. Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
A) pancreas
B) anterior pituitary
C) thyroid
D) liver
E) hypothalamus
99. The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to lower is
A) growth hormone.
B) cortisol.
C) insulin.
D) glucagon.
E) erythropoietin.
100. The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is
A) testosterone.
B) aldosterone.
C) cortisol.
D) thyroid hormone.
E) epinephrine.
101. Alcoholic beverages cause excessive urine production by blocking the action of
A) aldosterone.
B) FSH.
C) ADH.
D) cortisol.
E) TSH.
Match the HORMONE with the respective GLAND to which they are most closely associated.
|# |Hormone |CODE |Endocrine Organ |
| |Antidiuretic Hormone |A. |Adrenal Gland |
| |Estrogen |B. |Anterior Pituitary |
| |Glucagon |C. |Hypothalamus |
| |Insulin |D. |Ovary |
| |Melatonin |E. |Pancreas |
| |Oxytocin |AB. |Parathyroid Gland |
| |Parathyroid Hormone |AC. |Pineal Gland |
| |Testosterone |AD. |Posterior Pituitary |
| |Thyroid Hormone |AE. |Teste |
| | |BC. |Thymus |
| | |BD. |Thyroid Gland |
Endocrine System Organs
From the following Illustration, identify / match the ID symbol with its appropriate TERM.
|Question |Code |Term |
|Identify W |A |Hypothalamus |
|Identify # |B |Ovary |
|Identify $ |C |Pancreas |
|Identify & |D |Parathyroids |
|Identify % |E |Pineal |
|Identify ? |AB |Pituitary |
|Identify Y |AC |Suprarenal |
| |AD |Testis |
| |AE |Thymus |
| |BC |Thyroid |
Endocrine System Organs Illustration
[pic]
Per The illustration of Body Cavities, Match the region or cavity marked by symbol with its correct anatomical name. COLUMN I
|Illustration of Body Cavities |Q # |Identification |
| | |Body cavity @ |
|[pic] |_ |Body cavity / view * |
| |_ |Body cavity # |
| |_ |Body cavity & |
| |_ |Body cavity % |
| | | |
Match the COMPONENTS and FUNCTIONS with the respective SYSTEM to which they are most closely associated. COLUMN VI
|COMPONENTS / DESCRIPTION |CODE | | |
|fallopian tubes and seminal vesicles |A |Cardiovascular |absorption |
|ureters |B |Digestive |gametogenesis |
|bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli |C |Endocrine |filtration and micturition |
|ligaments, articulations |D |Integumentary |external ventilation AE |
|nails, sudiferous glands and hair |E |Lymphatic / Immune |Allergic and immune response |
|arteries and veins |AB |Muscular |Waste, gas and nutrient transport |
|brain stem and spinal nerves |AC |Nervous |information integration, acute homeostasis |
|esophagus, liver, pancreas, and anus |AD |Reproductive |voluntary movement |
|tendons, and myofibrils |AE |Respiratory |toxin, infection, environmental protection, waterproofing |
|testes, thyroid, pancreas, ovary, adrenals |BC |Skeletal |posture |
|spleen and thoracic duct |BD |Urinary |chemical homeostasis |
| | | | |
Match the level of structural organization that best fits the definition…See COLUMN XI for Choices
|DESCRIPTION / DEFINITION |
|Groups of like cells and the surrounding materials that work together to perform a particular function |
| |
|A group of tissues that structurally and functionally perform a determined task |
| |
| |
|Structural and functional group of related organs with a common function within an organism |
Match the common name or common region with its anatomical term…See COLUMN XII for Choices
|DESCRIPTION / DEFINITION |
|Shoulder |
| |
|Groin |
| |
|Elbow |
| |
|Foot |
| |
|Chin |
Anatomy terminology / Lexicon Match the Term with its derivation in the Greek or Latin.
|TERM |Greek / Latin Derivation |CODE |
| |Root, Prefix and / or Suffix | |
|Beneath, below |Auto |A |
|Brain |Baro |B |
|Ear |Brachi |C |
|Eye |Brevis |D |
|Outside |Cerebro |E |
|Self |Coel |AB |
|Upon |Contra |AC |
|Toward the center |Crani |AD |
|In between |Dys |AE |
|To the side |Endo |BC |
| |Ecto |BD |
| |Epi |BE |
| |Glosso |CD |
| |Homo |CE |
| |Hypo |DE |
| |Infra |ABC |
| |Inter |ABD |
| |Intra |ABE |
| |Ipsi |ACD |
| |Iso |ACE |
| |Lateral |ADE |
| |Lemni |BCD |
| |Limbic |BCE |
| |Mamil |BDE |
| |Medial |CDE |
| |Morpho |ABCD |
| |Optic |ABCE |
| |Oto |ABDE |
| |Retro |ACDE |
Reproductive System
▪ Testosterone is needed _____________.
A) to stimulate growth of male reproductive organs.
B) to promote functioning of male reproductive organs.
C) for development of male secondary sexual characteristics
D) All of these are correct
▪ Male gametes are the _____ and the female gametes are the _____.
A) testes; ovaries
B) sperm; egg
C) testosterone; estrogens
D) scrotum; uterus
▪ The site of fertilization within the female body is the _________.
A) oviducts
B) ovary
C) cervix
D) uterus
Match the indicated tem with its designation on the following illustration
▪ urethra
▪ epididymis
▪ prostate
[pic]
Match the indicated tem with its designation on the following illustration
▪ fallopian tube
▪ uterus
▪ cervix
[pic]
Development
▪ The fertilized egg is initially called the ______.
A) oocyte
B) ovum
C) zygote
D) embryo
▪ The _____ is where fetal blood exchanges molecules with maternal blood.
A) uterus
B) vagina
C) placenta
D) umbilical cord
▪ When does the embryo take on human characteristics?
A) 4 to 6 weeks
B) 6 to 8 weeks
C) 8 to 10 weeks
D) 10 to 12 weeks
DNA / RNA / Protein Synthesis
▪ Complementary base pairing in DNA is always:
A) A to T and C to G.
B) A to C and T to G.
C) A to G and C to T
D) A to U and C to G.
▪ Making a copy of DNA is called:
A) reduction.
B) replication.
C) transcription.
D) translation.
▪ Messenger RNA carries genetic information from chromosomes to the ______.
A) ribosomes
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) nucleolus
D) plasmids
▪ _______ is the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Duplication
D) Cloning
▪ ________is converting the sequence of bases on mRNA to a sequence of amino acids.
A) Transcription
B) Replication
C) Translation
D) Processing.
Lymphatic / Immune System
|Structure |A Primary |B Secondary |
|Tonsil | | |
|Lymph Nodes | | |
|Red bone marrow | | |
|Spleen | | |
|Thymus | | |
Cell Division And Inheritance
▪ All life, that we know of, comes from __________:
A) spontaneous generation.
B) marine life.
C) tree life
D) strange environments
E) pre-existing life
▪ Humans inherit _______ pairs of chromosomes.
A) 10
B) 12
C) 23
D) 46
▪ Mitosis is involved in _______.
A) growth and repair
B) oogenesis
C) spermatogenesis
D) both B and C
▪ The type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes is __________.
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) nondisjunction
D) somatic division
▪ In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes found in the egg and sperm is _________.
A) 23 pair.
B) 23.
C) 46.
D) 46 pair.
▪ Alternate forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait are called______.
A) chromatids
B) alleles
C) DNA segments
D) centrioles
▪ A Brown eyed male mates with a Brown eyed Female and subsequently have a brown eyed daughter and a blue eyed son. Therefore they each must be
▪ homozygous for blue eyes
▪ homozygous for brown eyes
▪ heterozygous
|Cell Chemistry |
▪ The formation of ______ bonds involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another nearby atom.
A) covalent
B) ionic
C) hydrogen
D) all of the above
▪ The smalles subunits of proteins are the ______ .
A) amines
B) peptides
C) polypeptides
D) amino acids
▪ The plasma membrane is ______ .
A) impermeable
B) totally permeable
C) selectively permeable (semipermeable)
D) None of these answers are correct.
|Skeletal System |
▪ The most rigid connective tissue is called ____.
A) cartilage
B) bone
C) dense connective tissue
D) adipose tissue
▪ In compact bone, bone cells are located in lacunae that are arranged in concentric circles within tiny cylinders called _____.
A) osteocytes
B) canals
C) osteons
D) matrix
▪ Which connective tissue has a fluid matrix located in blood vessels?
A) bone
B) blood
C) cartilage
D) bone, blood, and cartilage
C) secretion of the organic matrix of bone
▪ The skeleton _______.
A) permits flexible movement
B) supports and protects the body
C) produces blood cells and stores inorganic salts
D) All of these are correct.
▪ The axial skeleton consists of ________.
A) the skull
B) the vertebral column
C) the hyoid bone and rib cage
D) all of the above
▪ The vertebral column has the following sections, superior to inferior….
A) one, two, three, four
B) lateral, vertical, dorsal, ventral
C) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyxl
D) cervical, ventral, dorsal, lateral, caudal
Fill in the following table: indicate the term for the respective genders. COLUMN II
|Identification |Q# |Identification |Q# |
|Name this bone | |Name this bone |_ |
|Name this bone | |Name this bone |_ |
|Name this bone | |Name this bone |_ |
|Name this bone | |Name this bone |_ |
|Name this bone | |Name this bone |_ |
|Name this bone | |Name this bone |_ |
HUMAN SKULL
[pic]
HUMAN SKELETON
[pic]
Muscular System
Fill In the term for the following definitions of muscular -skeletal movement. Choose from Column XIII
|TERM |Definition |
|Extension |Increases the angle between articulating structures in a hinge joint and in the sagittal plane |
|Adduction |Movement of a bone or structure toward the midline |
|Abduction |Movement of a bone or appendage away from the midline |
|Circumduction |Circles in the air with your arms |
Respiratory System
Trace the flow of air into and through the anatomically correct order of structures. Mark the letter of the choice in the following flow chart.
|Anatomical Order of Exhalation of CO2 |Anatomical Choices |
|____ |bronchi |
|_____ |larynx |
|________ |nasopharynx |
|__________ |bronchiole |
|____________ |trachea |
▪ What human organ system is responsible for exchanging gases with the outside environment?
A) respiratory system
B) endocrine system
C) excretory system
D) external ventilation
▪ Oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.
A) True
B) False
▪ Oxygen-poor blood is carried through systemic veins from the body tissues back to the heart.
A) True
B) False
▪ The __________ houses the vocal cords.
A) larynx
B) bronchus
C) pharynx
D) esophagus
▪ The trachea divides into two __________ that lead to the lung
. A) glotti
B) tracheae
C) bronchi
D) bronchioles
▪ Each bronchiole terminates in an elongated space enclosed by a multitude of air pockets called_.
A) the glottis
B) alveoli
C) the larynx
D) the pharynx
▪ Each alveolar sac is surrounded by __________ carrying blood.
A) arteries
B) veins
C) venules
D) capillaries
▪ During __________, the respiratory pigment hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin in the pulmonary capillaries.
A) internal respiration
B) external respiration
C) anaerobic respiration
D) ventilation
Match the Structure indicated by a symbol with its correct Name COLUMN VIII
|# | |Illustration |
|_ |Name this structure ? |[pic] |
|_ |Name this structure # | |
|_ |Name this structure $ | |
|_ |Name this structure(s) % | |
|__ |Name this structure(s) @ | |
Muscular System
▪ Skeletal muscle fibers are ______ .
A) smooth
B) striated
C) spindle-shaped
D) fragmented
▪ Where is smooth muscle found?
A) intestines
B) stomach
C) blood vessels
D) intestines, stomach, and blood vessels
▪ A distinguishing characteristic of cardiac muscle cells is the presence of ____________.
A) actin filaments
B) intercalated disks
C) neuroglia
D) neurons
▪ Which of the following is(are) types of muscle?
A) cardiac
B) skeletal
C) smooth
D) All of these are correct.
▪ The type of muscle tissue that is controlled voluntarily is called _____________
A) smooth muscle
B) cardiac muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) All of these are under conscious control
▪ The lower arm extends when the _________.
A) triceps brachii contracts
B) biceps brachii contracts
C) brachialis contracts
D) deltoid contracts
▪ Skeletal muscles are usually named on the basis of _____ .
A) shape, size, or action
B) direction of fibers
C) number of attachments
D) all of the above
▪ A muscle fiber contains 2 principal contractile proteins _____ that run the length of a muscle fiber.
A) actin filaments
B) myosin filaments
C) sarcolemma
D) myofibrils
E) A and B
AB) None of the above
Cardiovascular
▪ The _____ system transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes their waste.
A) digestive
B) cardiovascular
C) excretory
D) respiratory
▪ The circulatory system has ______ types of blood vessels.
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
▪ _____ are small arteries just visible to the naked eye.
A) Venules
B) Capillaries
C) Veins
D) Arterioles
▪ The venae cavae carry low-oxygen blood to the ______ of the heart.
A) right ventricle
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) left atrium
▪ The largest artery in the systemic circuit is the ______ .
A) anterior vena cava
B) pulmonary vein
C) aorta
D) femoral artery
▪ The ______ arteries serve the heart muscle.
A) femoral
B) hepatic
C) iliac
D) coronary
▪ The two components of the cardiovascular system are __________.
A) the heart and the aorta
B) the heart and all the arteries
C) the heart and the blood vessels
D) the blood vessels and the lymphatic system
▪ The liquid portion of blood is called ____.
A) lymph
B) plasma
C) a cellular matrix
D) blood cells
▪ The iron-containing red colored molecule found in red blood cells is _____.
A) erythropoietin
B) lymphocyte
C) hemoglobin
D) hemolysis
▪ White blood cells ______.
A) have a nucleus
B) lack hemoglobin
C) fight infection
D) all of the above
▪ B lymphocytes are associated with ________.
A) antibody production
B) macrophage production
Diagram of the Circulatory System
Identify the following structures Choose you answers from COLUMN VII
|Name this vessel | |Name this vessel | |
|Name this vessel | |Name this vessel | |
[pic]
Illustration of Human Heart
[pic]
Per The illustration of Human Heart above, match the structure marked by symbol with its correct anatomical name. COLUMN VII
|_ |Name this structure # |
|_ |Name this structure % |
|_ |Name this structure ## |
|_ |Name this structure $$ |
|_ |Name this structure && |
Endocrine System
Match the HORMONE with the respective GLAND to which they are most closely associated.
|# |Hormone |CODE |Endocrine Organ |
| |Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |A. |Adrenal Gland |
| |Aldosterone |B. |Anterior Pituitary |
| |Antidiuretic Hormone |C. |Hypothalamus |
| |Calcitonin |D. |Ovary |
| |Estrogen |E. |Pancreas |
| |Oxytocin |AB. |Parathyroid Gland |
| |Testosterone |AC. |Pineal Gland |
| |Thyroid Hormone |AD. |Posterior Pituitary |
| | |AE. |Teste |
| | |BC. |Thymus |
| | |BD. |Thyroid Gland |
Digestion Nutrition
Trace the flow of food through the anatomically correct order of structures. Mark the letter of the choice in the following flow chart. COLUMN IX
|Anatomical Flow of Food |
|LIPS |
|MOUTH |
|_____ |
|ESOPHAGUS |
|CARDIA |
|________ |
|PYLORIS |
|DUODENUM |
|__________ |
|__________ |
|CEACUM |
|ASC COLON |
|__________ |
|DESC COLON |
|_____________ |
|ANUS |
Urinary System
▪ The _____ system removes nitrogenous waste is.
A) digestive
B) cardiovascular
C) excretory
D) respiratory
E) urinary
▪ Filtration...
A) occurs when the filtrate passes from the peritubular capillaries back to the nephron tubules.
B) occurs when blood fluids leave the afferent arteriole and enter the Bowman’s capsule.
C) occurs when blood fluids leave the glomerulus and enter the Bowman’s capsule.
D) occurs when the filtrate passes from the nephron tubules back to the efferent arteriole.
E) occurs when the filtrate passes from the nephron tubules back to the peritubular capillaries.
▪ The removal of metabolic wastes from the body is called __________
A) secretion
B) defecation
C) excretion
D) maintenance
▪ Besides the excretion of metabolic wastes, which of these describes a vital function of the kidneys?
A) The kidneys maintain the water-salt balance of the body.
B) The kidneys regulate the blood's pH.
C) The kidneys assist the hormone system.
D) All of these are correct.
▪ The __________ extend(s) from the urinary bladder to an external opening.
A) ureter
B) renal arteries
C) urethra
D) glomerulus
|Brain And Spinal Column |
▪ The brain and spinal cord contain conducting cells called ______ .
A) dendrites
B) neurons
C) neuroglia
D) axons
Fill In the Missing information for the Following Table COLUMN III
|Function |Structure |
|regulates posture, balance and interprets intended movement with actual movement, fine | |
|motor control | |
|relays sensory and motor input from spinal cord to brain, right side to left side and | |
|vice versa crossover of many spinal nerves, regulates consciousness, heart rate, | |
|coughing breathing and sneezing | |
|sensory, motor and associative areas responsible for thought, motion and emotion | |
Nervous System Neurons
▪ Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction?
A) myosin
B) tropomyosin
C) troponin
D) acetylcholine
▪ The cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system are called ________.
A) neuroglia
B) neurons
C) motor cells
D) nervous tissue
▪ The _______ is the portion of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses.
A) dendrite
B) axon
C) myelin sheath
D) sensory receptor
▪ This protective covering on the axon is formed by a type of neuroglia called Schwann cells.
A) insulating sheath
B) axon terminal
C) myelin sheath
D) neuroglia sheath
Identify the indicated symbols. COLUMN III
|Illustration |# |Identify |
|lustration of Spinal Cord and Nerves | |Name this aspect & |
| |_ |Name this structure @ |
|[pic] |_ |Name this structure # |
| |_ |This structure @ carries ____info |
| |_ |This structure % carries _____ info |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Special Senses
▪ The sense of smell is dependent on _________ in the roof of the nasal cavity that contain numerous types of receptor proteins.
A) olfactory cells
B) hair cells
C) mucus cells
D) All of these are correct.
▪ The area in the retina that is responsible for acute vision and that contains only cones is called the __________.
A) optic nerve
B) fovea centralis
C) pupil
D) choroid
▪ The receptors for hearing and equilibrium are located in the _____.
A) inner ear
B) middle ear
C) outer ear
D) tympanic membrane
|Histology |
Identify the missing terms of tissue classification on the following tables. Choose your answer from COLUMN X
[pic]
[pic]
[pic]
|Human Life |
Fill in the following table by placing the letter that matches the statement with the organism.
A for Generally True, commonly known to occur or have occurred, or present as a characteristic;
B for Both True and False, can occur in some situations and / or species;
C for False, does not generally occur, not generally present.
D for No data,
| ATTRIBUTE / CHARACTRISTIC |MODERN HUMANS |ANIMALS |
|Cognizant / reflect / question why as individuals they have existence |195 |196 |
|Invent, synthesize new molecules, invent and use technology, express evidence of |197 |198 |
|religious practice, culture and architecture | | |
This is the END of the EXAM and the END of this Course………
CHOICES
|CODE |I Region |II Skeletal |III Nervous |IV Eye |V Perspective |VI System |
|A |Abdominal |Carpal |Anterior |Angle |Anterior |Cardiovascular |
|B |Abdominopelvic |Coccyx |Axon |Anterior Chamber |Bi-Lateral |Digestive |
|C |Cardial |Coxal (Ileum, Ischium, Pubis) |Axon Terminal |Aqueus |Frontal |Endocrine |
|D |Cervical |Ethmoid |Central Canal |Capsule |Inferior |Integuement |
|E |Cranial |Femur |Cerebellum |Choroid |Lateral |Lymph / Immune |
|AB |Crural |Frontal |Cerebrum |Ciliary Process |Left |Muscular |
|AC |Dorsal |Humerus |Central Gray Horn |Conjunctiva |Illustration |Nervous |
|AD |Inguinal |Hyoid |Dendrite |Cornea |Oblique |Reproductive |
|AE |Lateral |Incus |Dorsal |Eyelid |Posterior |Respiratory |
|BC |Medial |Inferior Nasal Conchae |Dorsal Root Ganglia |Fovea |Patient / Specimen Left |Skeletal |
|BD |Mediastinum |Lacrimal |Effector |Iris |Patient / Specimen Right |Urinary |
|BE |Parietal Pleura |Malleus |Inter Neuron |Lash |Right Illustration | |
|CD |Pelvic |Mandible |Lateral Ventricle |Lens |Sagittal | |
|CE |Pericardial |Maxillae |Medulla Oblongata |Optic Nerve |Superior | |
|DE |Peritoneal |Nasal |Midbrain |Post Chamber |Transverse | |
|ABC |Pleural |Occipital |Motor |Pupil | | |
|ABD |Posterior |Palatine |Myelin Sheath |Retina | | |
|ABE |Spinal |Parietal |Neuron / Fibril |Sclera | | |
|ACD |Thoracic |Radius |Pituitary |Vitreous | | |
|ACE |Ventral |Sacrum |Pons |Vitreous band | | |
|ADE |Vertebral |Scapula |Posterior |Zonules | | |
|BCD | |Sphenoid |Sensory Neuron | | | |
|BCE | |Stapes |Sensory | | | |
|BDE | |Tarsal |Spinal Cord | | | |
|CDE | |Temporal |Ventral | | | |
|ABCD | |Tibia |Ventral Root | | | |
|ABCE | |Ulna |White Matter | | | |
|ABDE | |Zygomatic | | | | |
|ACDE | | | | | | |
|BCDE | | | | | | |
|ABCDE | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
CHOICES
|CODE |VII CV |VIII Respiratory |IX Digestive |X Histo |XI Organization |XII Anat Structure |
|A |Aorta |Alveoli |Anus |Areolar |Atoms |Acromial |
|B |Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve |Bronchus |Ceacum |Bone |Molecules |Antebrachial |
|C |Chordae Tendinae |Bronchiole |Descending Colon |Cartilage |Organelles |Antecubital |
|D |Epicardium |Bronch Cartilage |Duodenum |Columnar |Cells |Axillary |
|E |Interventricular Septum |Capillary |Esophagus |Compact |Tissues |Brachial |
|AB |Mitral Valve |Carina |Ileum |Connective |Organ |Buccal |
|AC |Left Atrium |Pulm Artery |Jejunum |Cuboidal |Organ Systems |Calcaneal |
|AD |Left Ventricle |Pulmon Vein |Large Intestine |Hyaline |Organism |Carpal |
|AE |Mediastinum |Smooth Muscle |Oropharynx |Loose |Population |Cephalic |
|BC |Papillary Muscle |Trachea |Rectum |Lymph |Community |Crural |
|BD |Parietal Pericardium | |Sigmoid Colon |Lymphocyte |Ecosystem |Dorsal |
|BE |Pulmonary Arteries | |Stomach |Muscle |Biosphere |Femoral |
|CD |Pulmonary Capillaries | |Transverse Colon |Nervous | |Gluteal |
|CE |Pulmon Semi-Lun Valve | | |Oligodendrocyte | |Inguinal |
|DE |Pulmonary Trunk | | |Pseudostratified | |Manual |
|ABC |Pulmonary Veins | | |Regular | |Mental |
|ABD |Right Atrium | | |Reticular | |Occipital |
|ABE |Right Ventricle | | |Simple | |Olecranal |
|ACD |Sinoatrial Node | | |Skeletal | |Pedal |
|ACE |Superior Capillary | | |Stratified | |Popliteal |
|ADE |Systemic Arteries | | | | |Sacral |
|BCD |Systemic Capillaries | | | | |Scapular |
|BCE |Transverse | | | | |Sternal |
|BDE |Tricuspid Valve | | | | |Sural |
|CDE |Vena Cava, Inferior | | | | |Tarsal |
|ABCD |Vena Cava, Superior | | | | |Thoracic |
|ABCE |None Of The Above | | | | | |
|ABDE | | | | | | |
|ACDE | | | | | | |
|BCDE | | | | | | |
|ABCDE | | | | | | |
CHOICES
|CODE |XIII | | | | | |
|A |Abduction | | | | | |
|B |Adduction | | | | | |
|C |Circumduction | | | | | |
|D |Contraction Assisting | | | | | |
|E |Contractiuon Opposing | | | | | |
|AB |Contraction Primary | | | | | |
|AC |Contraction | | | | | |
|AD |Depression | | | | | |
|AE |Dorsiflexion | | | | | |
|BC |Elevation | | | | | |
|BD |Eversion | | | | | |
|BE |Extension | | | | | |
|CD |Flexion | | | | | |
|CE |Hyperextension | | | | | |
|DE |Hyperflexion | | | | | |
|ABC |Inversion | | | | | |
|ABD |Lateral flexion | | | | | |
|ABE |Plantar flexion | | | | | |
|ACD |Pronation | | | | | |
|ACE |Protraction | | | | | |
|ADE |Rotation | | | | | |
|BCD |Supination | | | | | |
|BCE | | | | | | |
|BDE | | | | | | |
|CDE | | | | | | |
|ABCD | | | | | | |
|ABCE | | | | | | |
|ABDE | | | | | | |
|ACDE | | | | | | |
|BCDE | | | | | | |
|ABCDE | | | | | | |
Match the COMPONENTS and FUNCTIONS with the respective SYSTEM to which they are most closely associated. See COLUMN ANATOMICAL SYSTEMS for choices.
|# |COMPONENTS / DESCRIPTION | | |
|_ |fallopian tubes and seminal vesicles | |absorption |
|_ |ureters | |gametogenesis |
|_ |bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli | |filtration and micturition |
|_ |ligaments, articulations | |external ventilation |
|_ |nails, sudiferous glands and hair | |Allergic and immune response |
|_ |arteries and veins | |Waste, gas and nutrient transport |
|_ |brain stem and spinal nerves | |information integration, acute homeostasis |
|_ |esophagus, liver, pancreas, and anus | |voluntary movement |
|_ |tendons, and myofibrils |_ |toxin, infection, environmental protection, waterproofing |
|_ |testes, thyroid, pancreas, ovary, adrenals |_ |posture |
| |spleen and thoracic duct |_ |chemical homeostasis |
|Skeletal System |
▪ The most rigid connective tissue is called ____.
A) cartilage
B) bone
C) dense connective tissue
D) adipose tissue
▪ Which connective tissue has a fluid matrix located in blood vessels?
A) bone
B) blood
C) cartilage
D) bone, blood, and cartilage
C) secretion of the organic matrix of bone
▪ The skeleton _______.
A) permits flexible movement
B) supports and protects the body
C) produces blood cells and stores inorganic salts
D) All of these are correct.
▪ The axial skeleton consists of ________.
A) the skull
B) the vertebral column
C) the hyoid bone and rib cage
D) all of the above
▪ The vertebral column has the following sections, superior to inferior….
A) one, two, three, four
B) lateral, vertical, dorsal, ventral
C) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyxl
D) cervical, ventral, dorsal, lateral, caudal
Identify the missing terms. Choose your answers from SKELETON Classification. Employ alphabetical order for terms that are within the same group.
|Division |Region |Group |Bone |
|____ |Skull |Associated Bones |Auditory Ossicles |
| | | |_____ |
| | |_____ | |
| | |Face | |
| |Thoracic Cage |_____ | |
| | |Sternum |Manubrium |
| | | |Body |
| | | |Xiphoid |
| |_____ |Vertebrae |_____ |
| | | |Thoracic |
| | | |_____ |
| | |Sacrun | |
| | |_____ | |
|Appendicular |_____ |_____ | |
| | |Scapula | |
| |Upper Limb |Brachial |_____ |
| | | |Radius |
| | | |_____ |
| | |Appendage |Carpals |
| | | |Metacarpals |
| | | |_____ |
| |Pelvic |_____ |Ischium |
| | | |_____ |
| | | |Pubis |
| |_____ |Leg |Femur |
| | | |_____ |
| | | |_____ |
| | |_____ |Tarsals |
| | | |_____ |
| | | |Phalanges |
Match the level of structural organization that best fits the definition. See Organization for Choices
|Groups of like cells and the surrounding materials that work together to perform a particular function |
|A group of tissues that structurally and functionally perform a determined task |
|Structural and functional group of related organs with a common function within an organism |
|Macromelecular complexes that perform a specific function within a cell |
|Polymers of amino acids |
Anatomy terminology / Lexicon Match the Term with its derivation in the Greek or Latin.
|TERM |Greek / Latin |CODE |
| |Root, Prefix and / or Suffix | |
|Flat |Acromial |A |
|Self |Auto |B |
|Divides inferior / superior |Baro |C |
|Divides anterior / posterior |Brachi |D |
|Divides Left / right |Brevis |E |
|Tongue |Cerebro |AB |
|Shoulder |Coel |AC |
|Groin |Contra |AD |
|Elbow |Coronal |AE |
|Foot |Cross |BC |
|Chin |Dys |BD |
|Cell membrane |Ecto |BE |
|Outside |Endo |CD |
|Painful |Epi |CE |
|Eye |Glosso |DE |
| |Homo |ABC |
| |Hypo |ABD |
| |Inguinal |ABE |
| |Inter |ACD |
| |Intra |ACE |
| |Lateral |ADE |
| |Lemni |BCD |
| |Limbic |BCE |
| |Mamil |BDE |
| |Medial |CDE |
| |Mental |ABCD |
| |Olecranal |ABCE |
| |Optic |ABDE |
| |Pedal |ACDE |
| |Sagittal |BCDE |
| |Squamous |ABCDE |
Reproductive System
▪ The reproductive system
A) produces and transports gametes.
B) stores and nourishes gametes.
C) produces FSH and LH.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above
▪ Sperm cells are stored primarily in the
A) seminiferous tubules.
B) straight tubules.
C) lobules.
D) interstitial areas.
E) epididymis.
▪ The hormone responsible for a male's secondary sexual characteristics is
A) testosterone.
B) ICSH.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) gonadotropin.
▪ The paired erectile tissues of the penis are the
A) glans penis.
B) prepuce.
C) corpus spongiosum.
D) corpora cavernosa.
E) penile urethra.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Skill Level: 1 Reviewing Facts and Terms
▪ The pituitary hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis is
A) FSH.
B) LH.
C) ACTH.
D) ADH.
E) GH.
▪ The order in which sperm pass through these structures from the testes to the penis is
A) 1, 3, 4, 2.
B) 4, 3, 1, 2.
C) 4, 1, 2, 3.
D) 4, 1, 3, 2.
E) 1, 4, 3, 2.
▪ Testosterone is needed _____________.
A) to stimulate growth of male reproductive organs.
B) to promote functioning of male reproductive organs.
C) for development of male secondary sexual characteristics
D) All of these are correct
▪ Male gametes are the _____ and the female gametes are the _____.
A) testes; ovaries
B) sperm; egg
C) testosterone; estrogens
D) scrotum; uterus
Development
▪ The fertilized egg is initially called the ______.
A) oocyte
B) ovum
C) zygote
D) embryo
▪ The _____ is where fetal blood exchanges molecules with maternal blood.
A) uterus
B) vagina
C) placenta
D) umbilical cord
▪ The period of gestation that is characterized by rapid fetal growth is the ________ trimester(s).
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) first and second
E) second and third
▪ The period of gestation when the rudiments of all major organ systems appear is the ________ trimester(s).
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) first and second
E) second and third
▪ The division of the zygote into two blastomeres is referred to as
A) cleavage.
B) implantation.
C) placentation.
D) embryogenesis.
E) fertilization.
▪ A blastocyst is
A) an extraembryonic membrane that forms blood vessels.
B) a solid ball of cells.
C) a hollow ball of cells.
D) a portion of the placenta.
E) the membrane that forms the urinary bladder.
▪ The extraembryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is the
A) yolk sac.
B) amnion.
C) allantois.
D) chorion.
E) decidua.
▪ During pregnancy,
A) a woman's respiratory rate and tidal volume increase.
B) maternal blood volume increases.
C) maternal nutrient requirements increase.
D) a woman's glomerular filtration rate increases.
E) all of the above
▪ The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called
A) homologous chromosomes.
B) homozygous chromosomes.
C) heterozygous chromosomes.
D) autosomal chromosomes.
E) alleles.
▪ If an individual carries a pair of alleles that are the same, he or she is ________ for the trait.
A) homologous
B) homozygous
C) heterozygous
D) autosomal
E) polygenic
Diff: 1
▪ In simple inheritance,
A) phenotypic characteristics are determined by a single pair of alleles.
B) phenotypic characteristics are determined by multiple alleles.
C) phenotypic characteristics are determined by the action of a single gene.
D) phenotypic characteristics are controlled by regulator genes on a chromosome other than the one that has the structural genes.
E) phenotypic characteristics are determined by the genes on the Y chromosome.
▪ The gene that is NOT expressed in a heterozygous situation is called
A) dominant.
B) recessive.
C) incomplete.
D) phenotypic.
▪ An individual who is homozygous dominant for a trait would be written as
A) aA.
B) aa.
C) AA.
D) Aa.
▪ Polygenic traits include
A) eye color and hair colors other than pure blond or red.
B) albinism and brachydactyly.
C) inability to roll the tongue into a U-shape.
D) curly hair and eye color.
E) blood Rh factor and color blindness.
▪ The genotype for a male would be
A) XX.
B) XO.
C) XXO.
D) XY.
E) XYY.
▪ Which blood type is NOT possible if the mother is blood type AB and the father is type B?
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
▪ All life, that we know of, comes from __________:
A) spontaneous generation.
B) marine life.
C) tree life
D) strange environments
E) pre-existing life
▪ Humans inherit _______ pairs of chromosomes.
A) 10
B) 12
C) 23
D) 46
▪ Mitosis is involved in _______.
A) growth and repair
B) oogenesis
C) spermatogenesis
D) both B and C
▪ The type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes is __________.
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) nondisjunction
D) somatic division
▪ In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes found in the egg and sperm is _________.
A) 23 pair.
B) 23.
C) 46.
D) 46 pair.
▪ Alternate forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait are called______.
A) chromatids
B) alleles
C) DNA segments
D) centrioles
|Cell Chemistry |
▪ The smallest subunits of proteins are the ______ .
A) amines
B) peptides
C) polypeptides
D) amino acids
▪ The plasma membrane is ______ .
A) impermeable
B) totally permeable
C) selectively permeable (semipermeable)
D) None of these answers are correct.
▪ The cytoplasm contains_______. Mark all that apply
A) cytosol
B) metabolites
C) waste
D) cytoskeleton
E) glycocalyx
SCANTRON 2
Muscular System
Fill In the term for the following definitions of muscular -skeletal movement. Choose from Column MOTION
|TERM |Definition |
|Extension |Increases the angle between articulating structures in a hinge joint and in the sagittal plane |
|Adduction |Movement of a bone or structure toward the midline |
|Abduction |Movement of a bone or appendage away from the midline |
|Circumduction |Circles in the air with your arms |
|MUSCLE ANATOMY |CODE |TERM |
|[pic] |A |Bone |
| |B |Distally |
| |C |Endomysium |
| |D |Epimysium |
| |E |Fascicle |
| |AB |Fiber / Cell |
| |AC |Filament |
| |AD |Ligament |
| |AE |Muscle |
| |BC |Perimysium |
| |BD |Proximally |
| |BE |Sarcoplasm |
| |CD |Sarcolemma |
| |CE |Tendon |
Using the illustration and answer choices from above and beginning with actin and myosin, list in increasing order of complexity, the structural organization of a muscle. Complete the following table.
|Contracting / Functional Element |Surrounding / Connective Tissue |
|Least complex to Most complex | |
|Myofilaments, actin and myosin | |
|Form the Myofibrils |Which are embedded in and make up most of the ______ |
|Which form the Muscle Fibers / Cells |Each of which are surrounded by the _____ |
| |Which in turn are surrounded and connected to one another by the _____|
|All of which form the Fascicles |Each of which are surrounded and connected to one another by the |
| |Perimysium |
|All of which form the _____ |That is surrounded by the Epimysium |
| |Which becomes part of the _____ as it proceeds |
| |_____and attaches to the Bone |
Respiratory System
Trace the flow of air into and through the anatomically correct order of structures. Mark the letter of the choice in the following flow chart. See the examples start and end.
|Anatomical Order of Air Flow of CO2 |Anatomical Choices |CODE |
|From the alveoli | | |
|Alveoli C |Alveolar sac |A |
|__ |Alveolar duct |B |
|_ |Alveoli |C |
|_ |Bronchi |D |
|__ |Bronchi |E |
|__ |Bronchiole |AB |
|__ |External environment |AC |
|__ |Larynx |AD |
|__ |Nares |AE |
|__ |Nasopharynx |BC |
|__ |Oropharynx |BD |
|__ |Trachea |BE |
|External Environment AC | | |
▪ What human organ system is responsible for exchanging gases with the outside environment?
A) respiratory system
B) endocrine system
C) excretory system
D) external ventilation
▪ Oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.
A) True
B) False
▪ Oxygen-poor blood is carried through systemic veins from the body tissues back to the heart.
A) True
B) False
▪ The __________ houses the vocal cords.
A) larynx
B) bronchus
C) pharynx
D) esophagus
▪ The trachea divides into two __________ that lead to the lung
. A) glotti
B) tracheae
C) bronchi
D) bronchioles
▪ Each bronchiole terminates in an elongated space enclosed by a multitude of air pockets called_.
A) the glottis
B) alveoli
C) the larynx
D) the pharynx
▪ Each alveolar sac is surrounded by __________ carrying blood.
A) arteries
B) veins
C) venules
D) capillaries
▪ During __________, the respiratory pigment hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin in the pulmonary capillaries.
A) internal respiration
B) external respiration
C) anaerobic respiration
D) ventilation
Muscular System
▪ Skeletal muscle fibers are ______ .
A) smooth
B) striated
C) spindle-shaped
D) fragmented
▪ Where is smooth muscle found?
A) intestines
B) stomach
C) blood vessels
D) intestines, stomach, and blood vessels
▪ A distinguishing characteristic of cardiac muscle cells is the presence of ____________.
A) actin filaments
B) intercalated disks
C) neuroglia
D) neurons
▪ Which of the following is(are) types of muscle?
A) cardiac
B) skeletal
C) smooth
D) All of these are correct.
▪ The type of muscle tissue that is controlled voluntarily is called _____________
A) smooth muscle
B) cardiac muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) All of these are under conscious control
▪ The lower arm extends when the _________.
A) triceps brachii contracts
B) biceps brachii contracts
C) brachialis contracts
D) deltoid contracts
▪ Skeletal muscles are usually named on the basis of _____ .
A) shape, size, or action
B) direction of fibers
C) number of attachments
D) all of the above
▪ A muscle fiber contains 2 principal contractile proteins _____ that run the length of a muscle fiber.
A) actin filaments
B) myosin filaments
C) sarcolemma
D) myofibrils
E) A and B
AB) None of the above
Cardiovascular
▪ The _____ system transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes their waste.
A) digestive
B) cardiovascular
C) excretory
D) respiratory
▪ The circulatory system has ______ types of blood vessels.
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
▪ _____ are small arteries just visible to the naked eye.
A) Venules
B) Capillaries
C) Veins
D) Arterioles
▪ The venae cavae carry low-oxygen blood to the ______ of the heart.
A) right ventricle
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) left atrium
▪ The ______ arteries serve the heart muscle.
A) femoral
B) hepatic
C) iliac
D) coronary
▪ The two components of the cardiovascular system are __________.
A) the heart and the aorta
B) the heart and all the arteries
C) the heart and the blood vessels
D) the blood vessels and the lymphatic system
▪ The liquid portion of blood is called ____.
A) lymph
B) plasma
C) a cellular matrix
D) blood cells
▪ The iron-containing red colored molecule found in red blood cells is _____.
A) erythropoietin
B) lymphocyte
C) hemoglobin
D) hemolysis
▪ White blood cells ______.
A) have a nucleus
B) lack hemoglobin
C) fight infection
D) all of the above
▪ B lymphocytes are associated with ________.
A) antibody production
B) macrophage production
Identify the following structures. Choose your answers from COLUMN CV
|Name this vessel | |Name this vessel | |
|Name this vessel | |Name this vessel | |
[pic]
Endocrine System
Match the HORMONE with the respective GLAND to which they are most closely associated.
|# |Hormone |CODE |Endocrine Organ |
| |Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |A. |Adrenal Gland |
| |Aldosterone |B. |Anterior Pituitary |
| |Antidiuretic Hormone |C. |Hypothalamus |
| |Calcitonin |D. |Ovary |
| |Estrogen |E. |Pancreas |
| |Oxytocin |AB. |Parathyroid Gland |
| |Testosterone |AC. |Pineal Gland |
| | |AD. |Posterior Pituitary |
| | |AE. |Teste |
| | |BC. |Thymus |
| | |BD. |Thyroid Gland |
Digestion Nutrition
Trace the flow of food through the anatomically correct order of structures. Mark the letter of the choice in the following flow chart. DIGESTIVE
|Anatomical Flow of Food |
|LIPS |
|MOUTH |
|_____ |
|ESOPHAGUS |
|CARDIA |
|________ |
|PYLORIS |
|DUODENUM |
|__________ |
|__________ |
|CEACUM |
|ASC COLON |
|__________ |
|DESC COLON |
|_____________ |
|ANUS |
Urinary System
▪ The _____ system removes nitrogenous waste is.
A) digestive
B) cardiovascular
C) excretory
D) respiratory
E) urinary
▪ Filtration...
A) occurs when the filtrate passes from the peritubular capillaries back to the nephron tubules.
B) occurs when blood fluids leave the afferent arteriole and enter the Bowman’s capsule.
C) occurs when blood fluids leave the glomerulus and enter the Bowman’s capsule.
D) occurs when the filtrate passes from the nephron tubules back to the efferent arteriole.
E) occurs when the filtrate passes from the nephron tubules back to the peritubular capillaries.
▪ The removal of metabolic wastes from the body is called __________
A) secretion
B) defecation
C) excretion
D) maintenance
▪ Besides the excretion of metabolic wastes, which of these describes a vital function of the kidneys?
A) The kidneys maintain the water-salt balance of the body.
B) The kidneys regulate the blood's pH.
C) The kidneys assist the hormone system.
D) All of these are correct.
▪ The __________ extend(s) from the urinary bladder to an external opening.
A) ureter
B) renal arteries
C) urethra
D) glomerulus
|Brain And Spinal Column |
▪ The brain and spinal cord contain conducting cells called ______ .
A) dendrites
B) neurons
C) neuroglia
D) axons
Nervous System Neurons
Fill In the Missing information for the Following Table. See COLUMN NERVOUS for choices
|Function |Structure |
|regulates posture, balance and interprets intended movement with actual movement, fine | |
|motor control | |
|relays sensory and motor input from spinal cord to brain, right side to left side and | |
|vice versa crossover of many spinal nerves, regulates consciousness, heart rate, | |
|coughing breathing and sneezing | |
|sensory, motor and associative areas responsible for thought, motion and emotion | |
▪ Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction?
A) myosin
B) tropomyosin
C) troponin
D) acetylcholine
▪ The cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system are called ________.
A) neuroglia
B) neurons
C) motor cells
D) nervous tissue
▪ The _______ is the portion of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses.
A) dendrite
B) axon
C) myelin sheath
D) sensory receptor
▪ This protective covering on the axon is formed by a type of neuroglia called Schwann cells.
A) insulating sheath
B) axon terminal
C) myelin sheath
D) neuroglia sheath
Autonomic Nervous System
|SYSTEM A |SYSTEM B |
| | |
|[pic] |[pic] |
Fill in the following classification Table. Match System A or B with the appropriate statements / definitions.
|Function |SYSTEM A |SYSTEM B |
|Speeds heart rate |√ | |
|Slows heart rate | | |
|Stimulates liver to release glucose | | |
|Cranial Sacral nerves | | |
|Thoraco-lumbar nerves | | |
|Parasympathetic | | |
|Sympathetic | | |
This page remains purposely blank
Identify the indicated symbols. See COLUMN NERVOUS for choices
|Illustration |# |Identify |
|lustration of Spinal Cord and Nerves |_ |Name this aspect / perspective & |
| |_ |Name this structure @ |
|[pic] |_ |Name this structure # |
| |_ |This structure @ carries ____info |
| |_ |This structure % carries _____ info |
| |_ |Name this aspect / perspective $ |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Special Senses
▪ The sense of smell is dependent on _________ in the roof of the nasal cavity that contain numerous types of receptor proteins.
A) olfactory cells
B) hair cells
C) mucus cells
D) All of these are correct.
▪ The area in the retina that is responsible for acute vision and that contains only cones is called the __________.
A) optic nerve
B) fovea centralis
C) pupil
D) choroid
▪ The receptors for hearing and equilibrium are located in the _____.
A) inner ear
B) middle ear
C) outer ear
D) tympanic membrane
|Histology |
Identify the missing terms of tissue classification on the following tables. Choose your answer from HISTOLOGY
|MAIN |Sub Type |Sub Type | |Sub Type |Sub Type | | |
| | | | | | | | |
|Connective |Fibrous |Loose | |Areolar | | | |
| | | | |____ | | | |
| | | | |Reticular | | | |
| | |Dense | |Regular | | | |
| | | | |Irregular | | | |
| | | | |Elastic | | | |
| |Supportive |Cartilge | |____ | | | |
| | | | |Elastic | | | |
| | | | |Fibro | | | |
| | |Bone | |Compact | | | |
| | | | |____ | | | |
| |Fluid |Blood | |Cells |Erythrocytes | | |
| | | | | |Leukocytes | |Eosinophil |
| | | | | | | |Basophil |
| | | | | | | |Neutriophil |
| | | | | | | |Monocyte |
| | | | | | | |____ |
| | | | | | | |Macrophage |
| | | | | |Platelets | | |
| | | | |Plasma | | | |
| | |Lymph | |Lymph | | | |
|MAIN |Sub Type |Sub Type | |Sub Type |Sub Type | | |
|Muscle |Skeletal | | | | | | |
| |____ | | | | | | |
| |Cardiac | | | | | | |
|Nervous |Neurons | | | | | | |
| |____ |CNS | | | | |Astrocytes |
| | | | | | | |Oligodendrocytes |
| | | | | | | |Ependymal |
| | | | | | | |Microglia |
| | |PNS | | | | |Schwann |
| | | | | | | |Satellite |
|Epithelial |Simple |Squamous | | | | | |
| | |Cuboidal | | | | | |
| | |Columnar | |Ciliated | | | |
| | | | |Non Ciliated | | | |
| |Stratified |Squamous | |Keratinized | | | |
| | | | |Non Keratinized | | |
| | |Cuboidal | | | | | |
| | |____ | | | | | |
| |Pseudostratified | | | | | |
| |Transitional | | | | | | |
ANSWER CHOICES
|CODE |Region |Nervous |
|A |Abdominal |Afferent |
|B |Abdominopelvic |Anterior |
|C |Cardial |Axon |
|D |Cervical |Axon Terminal |
|E |Cranial |Central Canal |
|AB |Crural |Cerebellum |
|AC |Dorsal |Cerebrum |
|AD |Inguinal |Central Gray Horn |
|AE |Lateral |Dendrite |
|BC |Medial |Dorsal |
|BD |Mediastinum |Dorsal Root Ganglia |
|BE |Parietal Pleura |Efferent |
|CD |Pelvic |Effector |
|CE |Pericardial |Inter Neuron |
|DE |Peritoneal |Lateral Ventricle |
|ABC |Pleural |Medulla Oblongata |
|ABD |Posterior |Midbrain |
|ABE |Spinal |Motor |
|ACD |Thoracic |Myelin Sheath |
|ACE |Ventral |Neuron / Fibril |
|ADE |Vertebral |Pituitary |
|BCD | |Pons |
|BCE | |Posterior |
|BDE | |Sensory Neuron |
|CDE | |Sensory |
|ABCD | |Spinal Cord |
|ABCE | |Ventral |
|ABDE | |Ventral Root |
|ACDE | |White Matter |
|BCDE | | |
|ABCDE | | |
ANSWER CHOICES
|CODE |Eye |Perspective |System |
|A |Angle |Anterior |Cardiovascular |
|B |Anterior Chamber |Bi-Lateral |Digestive |
|C |Aqueus |Frontal |Endocrine |
|D |Capsule |Inferior |Integuement |
|E |Choroid |Lateral |Lymph / Immune |
|AB |Ciliary Process |Left |Muscular |
|AC |Conjunctiva |Illustration |Nervous |
|AD |Cornea |Oblique |Reproductive |
|AE |Eyelid |Posterior |Respiratory |
|BC |Fovea |Patient / Specimen Left |Skeletal |
|BD |Iris |Patient / Specimen Right |Urinary |
|BE |Lash |Right Illustration | |
|CD |Lens |Sagittal | |
|CE |Optic Nerve |Superior | |
|DE |Post Chamber |Transverse | |
|ABC |Pupil | | |
|ABD |Retina | | |
|ABE |Sclera | | |
|ACD |Vitreous | | |
|ACE |Vitreous band | | |
|ADE |Zonules | | |
|BCD | | | |
|BCE | | | |
|BDE | | | |
|CDE | | | |
|ABCD | | | |
|ABCE | | | |
|ABDE | | | |
|ACDE | | | |
|BCDE | | | |
|ABCDE | | | |
ANSWER CHOICES
|CODE |CV |
|A |Abdominal aorta |
|B |Aorta |
|C |Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve |
|D |Chordae Tendinae |
|E |Epicardium |
|AB |Hepatic portal vein |
|AC |Interventricular Septum |
|AD |Mitral Valve |
|AE |Left Atrium |
|BC |Left Ventricle |
|BD |Mediastinum |
|BE |Papillary Muscle |
|CD |Parietal Pericardium |
|CE |Pulmonary Arteries |
|DE |Pulmonary Capillaries |
|ABC |Pulmonary Vein |
|ABD |Pulmon Semi-Lun Valve |
|ABE |Pulmonary Trunk |
|ACD |Pulmonary Veins |
|ACE |Renal Artery |
|ADE |Right Atrium |
|BCD |Right Ventricle |
|BCE |Sinoatrial Node |
|BDE |Superior Capillary |
|CDE |Systemic Arteries |
|ABCD |Systemic Capillaries |
|ABCE |Thoracic aorta |
|ABDE |Transverse |
|ACDE |Tricuspid Valve |
|BCDE |Vena Cava, Inferior |
|ABCDE |Vena Cava, Superior |
ANSWER CHOICES
|CODE |Skeleton Classification |Skeleton Classification cont. |
|A |Appendage |Sacrun |
|B |Appendicular |Scapula |
|C |Associated Bones |Skull |
|D |Auditory Ossicles |Sternum |
|E |Axial |Tarsals |
|AB |Body |Thoracic |
|AC |Brachial |Thoracic Cage |
|AD |Carpals |Tibia |
|AE |Cervical |Ulna |
|BC |Clavicle |Upper Limb |
|BD |Coccyx |Vertebrae |
|BE |Costals |Vertebral Column |
|CD |Coxal | |
|CE |Cranium | |
|DE |Face | |
|ABC |Femur | |
|ABD |Fibula | |
|ABE |Humerus | |
|ACD |Hyoid | |
|ACE |Ilium | |
|ADE |Ischium | |
|BCD |Leg | |
|BCE |Lower Limb | |
|BDE |Lumbar | |
|CDE |Manubrium | |
|ABCD |Metatarsals | |
|ABCE |Pectoral | |
|ABDE |Pelvic | |
|ACDE |Phalanges | |
|BCDE |Pubis | |
|ABCDE |Radius | |
ANSWER CHOICES
|CODE |Histology |Histology cont. |
|A |Adipose |Lymphocytre |
|B |Areolar |Macrophage |
|C |Astrocytes |Microglia |
|D |Basophil |Monocyte |
|E |Blood |Muscle |
|AB |Bone |Nervous |
|AC |Cardiac |Neuroglia |
|AD |Cartilge |Neurons |
|AE |Cells |Neutrophil |
|BC |Ciliated |Non Ciliated |
|BD |CNS |Non Keratinized |
|BE |Columnar |Oligodendrocytes |
|CD |Compact |PNS |
|CE |Connective |Pseudostratified |
|DE |Cuboidal |Regular |
|ABC |Dense |Reticular |
|ABD |Elastic |Satellite |
|ABE |Eosinophil |Schwann |
|ACD |Ependymal |Simple |
|ACE |Epithelial |Skeletal |
|ADE |Erythrocytes |Smooth |
|BCD |Fibrous |Spongy |
|BCE |Fluid |Squamous |
|BDE |Hyaline |Squamous |
|CDE |Irregular |Stratified |
|ABCD |Keratinized |Supportive |
|ABCE |Leukocytes |Transitional |
|ABDE |Loose | |
|ACDE |Lymph | |
|BCDE | | |
|ABCDE |None of the above |None of the above |
ANSWER CHOICES
|CODE |Organization |Anatomical |Reproductive |
| | |Structure | |
|A |Atoms |Acromial |Bladder |
|B |Biosphere |Antebrachial |Cervix |
|C |Carbihydrates |Antecubital |Clitoris |
|D |Cells |Axillary |Corpora cavernosum |
|E |Community |Brachial |Ductus deferens |
|AB |Ecosystem |Buccal |Endometrium |
|AC |Lipids |Calcaneal |Epidydimis |
|AD |Macromolecules |Carpal |Fimbria |
|AE |Molecules |Cephalic |Fornix |
|BC |Nucleic acids |Cervical |Labia |
|BD |Organ |Crural |Os cervix |
|BE |Organ Systems |Dorsum / al |Oviduct |
|CD |Organelles |Femoral |Penis |
|CE |Organism |Gluteal |Prostate |
|DE |Otrganelles |Inguinal |Pubic bone |
|ABC |Population |Manual |Scrotum |
|ABD |Proteins |Mammil |Testis |
|ABE |Steroids |Mental |Urethra |
|ACD |Tissues |Occipital |Uterus |
|ACE | |Olecranal |Vagina |
|ADE | |Patellar |SeminalVessicle |
|BCD | |Pedal | |
|BCE | |Phalangeal | |
|BDE | |Popliteal | |
|CDE | |Sacral | |
|ABCD | |Scapular | |
|ABCE | |Sternal | |
|ABDE | |Sural | |
|ACDE | |Tarsal | |
|BCDE | |Thoracic | |
|ABCDE | |None of the above | |
ANSWER CHOICES
|CODE |Respiratory |Ventral / Abdominal Regions |
|A |Alveolar duct |Anterior |
|B |Alveolar sac |Central |
|C |Alveoli |Dorsal |
|D |Bronch Cartilage |Epigastric |
|E |Bronchiole |Hypochondriac |
|AB |Bronchus |Hypogastric |
|AC |Carina |Inferior |
|AD |LARYNX |Inguinal |
|AE |Nares |L Abdominopelvic |
|BC |Nasal Conchae |L Epigastric |
|BD |Nasopharynx |L Hypochondriac |
|BE |Oropharynx |L Hypogastric |
|CD |Pulm Arterioles |L Inguinal |
|CE |Pulmon Veinules |L Lumbar |
|DE |Pulmonary Capillaries |L Umbilical |
|ABC |Smooth Muscle |Lateral |
|ABD |Trachea |Lumbar |
|ABE | |Medial |
|ACD | |Posterior |
|ACE | |R Abdominopelvic |
|ADE | |R Epigastric |
|BCD | |R Hypochondriac |
|BCE | |R Hypogastric |
|BDE | |R Inguinal |
|CDE | |R Lumbar |
|ABCD | |R Umbilical |
|ABCE | |Superior |
|ABDE | |Umbilical |
|ACDE | |Ventral |
|BCDE | | |
|ABCDE |None of the above |None of the above |
ANSWER CHOICES
|CODE |Motion |Urinary |Digestive |
|A |Abduction |Afferent arteriole |Anus |
|B |Adduction |Bowmans capsule |Ceacum |
|C |Circumduction |Calyx, major |Descending Colon |
|D |Contraction Assisting |Calyx, minor |Duodenum |
|E |Contractiuon Opposing |Collecting duct |Esophagus |
|AB |Contraction Primary |Cortex |Ileum |
|AC |Contraction |Efferent arteriole |Jejunum |
|AD |Depression |Glomerulus |Large Intestine |
|AE |Dorsiflexion |Medulla |Oropharynx |
|BC |Elevation |Nephron |Rectum |
|BD |Eversion |Nephron loop |Sigmoid Colon |
|BE |Extension |Plasma |Stomach |
|CD |Flexion |Proximal tubule |Transverse Colon |
|CE |Hyperextension |Pyramid | |
|DE |Hyperflexion |Renal artery | |
|ABC |Inversion |Renal pelvis | |
|ABD |Lateral flexion |Renal vein | |
|ABE |Plantar flexion |Ureter | |
|ACD |Pronation |Urine | |
|ACE |Protraction | | |
|ADE |Rotation | | |
|BCD |Supination | | |
|BCE | | | |
|BDE | | | |
|CDE | | | |
|ABCD | | | |
|ABCE | | | |
|ABDE | | | |
|ACDE | | | |
|BCDE | | | |
|ABCDE | | | |
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