Chapter 11: A World in Flames, 1931-1941

Global

Struggles

1931¨C1960

W

hy It Matters

The rise of dictatorships in the 1930s led to

World War II, the most destructive war in the

history of the world. After the war, the fragile

alliance between the United States and the

Soviet Union collapsed into the Cold War¡ªa

period of intense political, economic, and military competition. Learning about the events of

this crucial period in our nation¡¯s history will

help you understand the events occurring in

the nation and around the world today. The

following resources offer more information

about this period in American history.

Dog tags

Primary Sources Library

See pages 976¨C977 for primary source readings to accompany Unit 4.

Use the American History Primary

Source Document Library CD-ROM to find

additional primary sources about

global struggles.

American soldier

in World War II

530

¡°More than an end to war,

we want an end to the

beginning of all wars.¡±

¡ªFranklin D. Roosevelt, 1945

1931¨C1941

A World

in Flames

. The Big Ideas ,

SECTION 1: America and the World

Societies change over time. In the years following World War I, aggressive and expansionist governments took power in both Europe and Asia.

SECTION 2: World War II Begins

The fate of nations is forever changed by monumental world events. World War II officially

began with the Nazi invasion of Poland and the French and British declaration of war on Germany in

September 1939.

SECTION 3: The Holocaust

The fate of nations is forever changed by monumental world events. Nazis steadily increased

their persecution of Jews and eventually set up death camps and tried to kill all the Jews in Europe.

SECTION 4: America Enters the War

The fate of nations is forever changed by monumental world events. When World War II first

began, the United States attempted to continue its prewar policy of neutrality.

The American Vision: Modern Times Video The Chapter 11 video,

¡°Holocaust Stories,¡± presents firsthand accounts from survivors of the Holocaust.

1932

? Bonus Army arrives

in Washington, D.C.

1931

? Jane Addams awarded

Nobel Peace Prize

1933

? Franklin Delano

Roosevelt inaugurated

¡ø

¡ø

1930

¡ø

F. Roosevelt

1933¨C1945

¡ø

1935

? First Neutrality

Act passed

1933

¨‹

1931

? Japan invades

Manchuria

¨‹

1933

? Hitler appointed

chancellor of Germany

1936

1936

? Hitler reoccupies

Rhineland

¨‹

? Spanish Civil War begins

532 CHAPTER 12

Becoming a World Power

German chancellor Adolf Hitler reviews a parade of Nazi troops.

1939

? SS St. Louis denied

permission to dock

in United States

¡ø

1940

? Roosevelt makes

¡°destroyers-for-bases¡±

deal with Britain

1937

? Neutrality Act

limits trade with

all warring nations

¡ø

1941

? Roosevelt and

Churchill coauthor

Atlantic Charter

¡ø

December 7, 1941

? Japan attacks Pearl

Harbor

HISTORY

¡ø

¡ø

Chapter Overview

1939

¨‹

1938

? Munich Conference

appeases Hitler

¨‹

1942

¨‹

1939

? World War II

begins with Hitler¡¯s

attack on Poland

1940

? France falls to

the Nazis

Visit the American Vision:

Modern Times Web site at

tav.mt. and

click on Chapter Overviews¡ª

Chapter 11 to preview chapter

information.

533

Making Inferences

Y

ou learned in Chapter 5 that effective readers use a skill called making

inferences to understand the deeper, and sometimes hidden, meanings

of the text. While some may call it ¡°reading between the lines,¡± it is really a

process of questioning, predicting, and connecting in order to understand

what is not directly said.

An excellent way to improve your skills of making inferences is to talk

with a partner about the material you just read. You will often discover that

different people understand the same text in slightly different ways. When

you talk with someone else about your predictions, questions, and connections, both of you benefit from the ideas you gather from the information in

the text. You can also learn from one another how to develop and refine the

skills necessary to make inferences.

Read the following paragraph about the beginning days of World War II and use

inferences to draw conclusions about how each of the countries mentioned felt about

the war in western Europe.

MAKING

INFERENCES

Use your background

knowledge to help you

understand the passage.

What do you already know

about World War II?

534

CHAPTER 11

A World in Flames

In contrast to the war in Poland, western

Europe remained eerily quiet. The Germans

referred to this situation as the sitzkrieg, or sitting

war. The British called it the ¡°Bore War,¡± while

American newspapers nicknamed it the ¡°Phony

War.¡± The British sent troops to assist France, but

because both countries remained on the defensive, waiting for the Germans to attack, there

were no battles or warfare. (page 545)

After you have read the passage, think

about the various names the Germans, British,

and Americans used to describe the war in

western Europe. Then discuss these questions

with a partner:

?

Based on this passage, how did Germany feel

about the war?

?

Is this similar to, or different from, the British and

American outlooks?

?

What do you believe the public wanted in these

countries?

?

What do you expect will happen next?

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