Chapter Two Vocabulary Studying Geography, Economics, and ...

Chapter Two Vocabulary Studying Geography, Economics, and Citizenship

Hemisphere: a "half sphere" used to refer to one-half of the globe when divided into North and South or East and West (pg. 29) Latitude: imaginary lines that circle the Earth parallel to the Equator (pg. 30) Longitude: imaginary lines that circle the Earth from Pole to Pole measuring distance east or west of the Prime Meridian (pg. 30) Projection: a way of showing the round Earth on a flat map (pg. 31) Distort: to twist out of shape or change the size of (pg. 31) Theme: a topic that is studied or a special quality that connects ideas (pg. 32) Awareness: the state of having understanding or knowledge (pg. 32) Physical Map: a map that shows land and water features (pg. 34) Political Map: a map that shows the names and borders of countries (pg. 34) Special-Purpose Map: a map that shows themes or patterns such as climate, natural resources, or population (pg. 35) Scale: a measuring line that shows the distance on a map (pg. 35) Cardinal Directions: north, south, east, and west (pg. 35) Symbol: a sign or image that stands for something else (pg. 35) Choropleth: a special-purpose map that uses color to show population density (pg. 36) Migration: the movement of people from one place to settle in another place (pg. 36) Culture: the set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by a group of people (pg. 37)

Capital: money or goods used to help people make or do things (pg. 38) Entrepreneurship: the act of running a business and taking on the risks of that business (pg. 38) Supply: the amount of a good or service that a producer wants to sell (pg. 39) Demand: the amount of something that a consumer wants to buy (pg. 39) Scarcity: the lack of a resource (pg. 40) Opportunity Cost: what is given up, such as time or money, to make or buy something (pg. 40) Traditional Economy: an economic system in which custom decides what people do, make, and sell (pg. 40) Command Economy: an economic system in which a central government decides what goods will be made and who will receive them (pg. 40) Recession: a period of slow economic growth or decline (pg. 41) Inflation: a continued rise in prices or the supply of money (pg. 41) Individual: a single human body (pg. 40) Expert: a skilled person who has mastered a subject (pg. 41) Export: a good sent from one country to another in trade (pg. 42) Import: a good brought into a country from another country (pg. 42) Barter: to trade by exchanging one good or service for another (pg. 42) Globalization: the growth in free trade between countries (pg. 43) Representative Government: government in which citizens elect officials who govern (pg. 44)

Federal System: government which divides power between central and state government (pg. 44) Separation of Powers: the division of power among the branches of government (pg. 44) Checks and Balances: system in which each branch of government limits the power of another branch (pg. 45) Legislative Branch: part of government that passes laws (pg. 44) Executive Branch: part of government that enforces laws (pg. 44) Judicial Branch: part of government that interprets laws (pg. 45) Seek: to look for or try to achieve (pg. 45) Jury: a group of people sworn to make a decision in a legal case (pg. 45) Issue: a concern or problem that has not yet been solved (pg. 46)

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