Vocabulary for Quiz #3



Vocabulary for Week 5

DIRECTIONS: USE THE TERMS BELOW TO COMPLETE THE EXERCISE ON THE BACK AND TO STUDY FOR YOUR QUIZ ON FRIDAY.

1. Jamestown, Virginia - first permanent English settlement in North America –1607 – financed by the Virginia Company for economic reasons. Three ships: Susan Constant, Discovery, and Godspeed carried 104 settlers who created a colony where the James River meets the Chesapeake Bay – a place with tidal river water which was undrinkable and mosquitoes which carried diseases. They built a fort with three sides to protect themselves from possible attacks from the 14,000+ Powhatan who lived inland and the Spanish who were sailing up and down the coast of North America. Between 1607 and 1609, ships came and went until the “Starving” time killed all but 60 of 214 settlers. Virginia becomes 1 of 5 Southern colonies.

2. Plymouth, Massachusetts– 2nd colony founded by the English – In 1620, a group of “Separatists” (people who wanted to be separate from the Church of England) and “Strangers” enroute to Virginia got lost and landed in Plymouth. They created and signed The Mayflower Compact before they even got off the boat establishing self government and the “1 man, 1 vote” principle. They called themselves pilgrims – the ones celebrated at Thanksgiving, and established a colony for religious freedom.

3. John Smith– man credited with saving Jamestown from failure at first; left in 1609 just before Starving Time.

4. John Winthrop– leader of Puritans who came to Massachusetts to build a “city upon a hill” for religious reasons in 1630 and founder and 20 year governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony which overtook Plymouth. Massachusetts becomes one of four New England colonies.

5. Pocahontas– Native American woman, daughter of Powhatan chief, said to have saved John Smith. She married John Rolfe and traveled to England where she died. They began the tobacco cultivation of the Virginia colonies and made it a cash crop society.

6. Puritans– group of English Protestants who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony to build a society based upon the Bible. Very strict followers of Biblical rules.

7. Mayflower Compact– a 1620 self governing agreement for ruling the Plymouth Colony, signed by the pilgrims before landing at Plymouth giving every man an equal vote.

8. Cash crop– Major agricultural crops that are grown strictly for profit: tobacco, indigo, sugar, rice, and later cotton. Way Southern colonists made their livings because of their hot climate, rich soil, and longer growing season.

9. Subsistance farming – growing only enough crops for your family to eat – not for profit.

10. Indentured Servitude: Englishmen and women who borrowed money from people to come to America.

They would work as servants until their loans were paid – usually about 7 years. The first Africans who came

to Jamestown in 1619 were traded by the Dutch for supplies and were made indentured servants and many

who after paying off the cost of the supplies, became landowners – at least until the 1680s when race-based

slavery became the norm. Slavery was a part of the cash-crop culture of Virginia and other southern colonies.

11. Virginia House of Burgesses – the 1st representative assembly (Congress) in North America beginning

representative government in America.

12. Fishing, Shipbuilding, Whaling – industries made profitable in Massachusetts and other New England

colonies because of its cold climate, rocky soil and shorter growing season.

|Date |What Happened? |Why It’s Important! |

|1607 |The Virginia Company establishes an English |1st permanent English settlement in North America and what becomes the USA in 1776. |

| |settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. | |

|1620 |Pilgrims arrive at Plymouth, Massachusetts and |1st migration of peoples seeking religious freedom coming to America; 1st example of democracy|

| |sign the Mayflower Compact. |b/c each man was considered an equal and given an equal vote with all others. |

Vocabulary Practice

Part I – Geography Skills: Answer the questions to the right of the map:

1. Which colony would have had a colder climate?

2. Which colony is located on an inland waterway?

3. Which coast of North America are the colonies?

4. Why would both colonies be built on the coast?

5. Why would Plymouth colonists be able to build a

thriving fishing industry while those in Jamestown

could not?

Which colony would have the greatest chance of

survival and why?

Part II – Charts: Organize ALL the bolded terms on page 1 on the chart below:

|Jamestown |Plymouth |

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