BEOWULF VOCABULARY: A Glossary prepared by your teacher
BEOWULF VOCABULARY
Global Literature I, Spring 2009
Log # 1: The Prologue
|scourge (n) | a source of great suffering or harm |
|rampage (n) | violent, frenzied behavior |
|foundling (n) | an orphan |
|flourish (v) | to grow, do well |
|waxed (v) | got larger |
|whale-road (n) | the sea |
|steadfast (adj) | strong and steady |
|bade (v) | told |
|revered (v) | worshiped |
|ring-whorled prow (n) | the front of a ship decorated with interlaced rings |
|furbished (adj) | polished |
|tackle (n) | equipment |
|bountifully (adv) | generously |
|bewailing (adj) | moaning |
|weathered (v) | withstood |
|salvaged (adj) | saved from destruction |
|held sway (v) | had power |
|wallstead (n) | the mead hall |
|renege (v) | to go back on a promise |
|dole (v) | give |
|abide (v) | remain |
|rampant (adj) | out of control |
Logs # 2 and 3
|harrow (v) |torment |
|din (n) |loud noise |
|girdled (adj) |encircled |
|gleaming (adj) |shining |
|quicken (v) |come alive |
|maraud (v) |destroy |
|heath (n) |deserted field common to England where very little grows |
|desolate (adj) |without hope |
|fen (n) |a marsh, swamp |
|dwelt (v) |lived |
|exact (v) |take |
|anathema (adj) |opposite |
|insensible (adj) |without feeling, unaware |
|havoc (n) |chaos |
|lair (n) |a place where an animal lives, usually underground |
|blundering (v) |making mistakes, moving awkwardly |
|wassail (n) | celebration |
|storied (adj) | full of history |
|stricken (adj) | harmed, wounded |
|aghast (adj) | speechless, frightened, shocked |
|respite (n) | rest |
|malignant (adj) | evil |
|remorse (n) | guilt, sorrow |
|lay (n) | a song or poem, common in Old English, usually about heroes |
|beset (v) | attacked |
|ravage (v) | to destroy |
|rabid (adj) | crazy, dangerous |
|atrocious (adj) | disgusting, horrifying |
|pagan (n, adj) | non-Christian |
|heathen (n, adj) | non-Christian, unbeliever |
|forfeit (v) | give up |
Log # 4
|woe (n) | sorrow |
|affliction (n) | pain, illness |
|canny (adj) | careful, smart, knowing |
|gangplank (n) | part of a ship that leads from the deck to the ground |
|churn (v) | stir |
|vessels (n) | ships |
|looming (adj) | hanging over dangerously |
|headlands (n) | the part of the coastland that juts out to sea beyond the mainland |
|vaulted (adj) | arched high overhead |
|moored (adj) | anchored on land |
|thresh (v) | to beat |
|hull (n) | the sides of a ship |
|sentries (n) | guards |
|interlopers (n) | intruders |
|word-hoard (n) |vocabulary, speech |
|monger (v) | sell |
|proffer (v) | sell/offer |
|turmoil (n) | unrest |
Log # 5 (lines 356-490)
|resolute (adj) |decisive |
|formidable (adj) |intimidating, inspiring fear or awe |
|thane (n) |a knight |
|recompense (v, n) |pay back |
|hearth (n) |the front of a fireplace |
|plight (n) |suffering, fate |
|reckless (adj) |without care |
|renounce (v) |give up |
|glut (n) |feed oneself, pig out |
|gorged (adj) |full to bursting |
|gloating (adj) |mocking in triumph |
|moor-nest (n) |the “nest” in the moors (swampy wetlands) where Grendel lives |
|wreak (v) |caused |
|wane (v) |to get smaller, lessen |
|whet (v) |sharpen |
|dwindle (v) |to get smaller |
|relish (v) |to enjoy |
Log # 6 Feast at Heorot (lines 491-661)
|bearing (n) |the way you carry yourself |
|stalwart (adj) |strong, sturdy |
|vie (v) |to fight |
|bout (n) |an episode |
|wallow (v) |indulge in |
|pinion (v) |hold (pin) down |
|swathe (v) |cover, as with cloth |
|lurk (v) |hide in the darkness |
|buffet (v) |hit |
|kith (n) |acquaintances, friends |
|scarf (v) |eat quickly |
|stealthy (adj) |under cover |
|murk (n) |darkness |
|mettle (n) |composition, strength |
|wield (v) |to hold, carry |
|bolster (v) |to prop up |
|slack (adj) |loose |
|shadow-bourne (adj) |carried along by the shadows |
|bane (n) |downfall |
|spurn (v) |turn away from |
|tread (v) |walk |
|baleful (adj) |full of sorrow |
|ravening (adj) |destructive |
|maul (v) |destroy |
|bone-lappings (n) |the parts of the body, ligaments, that hold the bone to muscle |
|venture (v) |dare |
|forestall (v) |put off |
|quail (v) |shrink back in fear |
|recoil (v) |same as quail |
|stockade (n) |a place where weapons are kept |
|onslaught (n) |attack |
|catastrophe (n) |disaster |
|hell-serf (n) |a “serf” (servant) of Hell |
|manacle (v, n) |chain |
|sinews (n) |see bone-lappings |
|ignominious (adj) |full of sin |
|skulk (v) |to lurk, move in shadows, hide |
Log # 10 Victory celebration in Heorot (lines 836 on)
|refurbish (v) |re-supply, make whole again |
|thronging (adj) |crowding into or around |
|unscathed (adj) |unharmed |
|ordain (v) |to decree |
|relish (v, n) |to enjoy; enthusiasm |
|standard (n) |flag |
|sumptuous (adj) |luxurious |
|carnage (n) |gore |
|fore (n) |front |
|renown (n) |fame |
|bounty (n) |generosity |
The following page includes vocabulary words from the latter parts of Beowulf. You should learn them on your own.
|Grendel’s Mother (lines 1383-1650) |(cont.) |
| |Pillage |
|anguish |Harrower |
|avenger |Avail |
|bestowed |Plea |
|boded |Reinstated |
|brooded |Writhing |
|bulwark |Gloaming |
|crags |Vessel: cup |
|dam, hell-dam |Hurtled |
|depredations |Vile |
|discern |Sky-winger |
|elated |Brunt |
|fettle |Virulent |
|flailing |Thwarted |
|hefted |Ordinance |
|hewed |Rased |
|honed |Smithy |
|lavish |Linden |
|lurked |Sky-plague |
|marauders |Scant |
|misbegotten |Purged |
|plunder |Outgrappled |
|racked |Earth-fort |
|razes |Molten |
|redress |Cave-guard |
|retaliated |Warshirt |
|sage |Hale |
|sallied |Wafting |
|shunned |Outlandish |
|sounded |Writhed |
|surge |Convulsed |
|uncanny |Keen-edged |
|whetted |Enameled |
| |Hard-pressed |
|Beowulf’s Rule in Geatland and the Fight with the Dragon |Spasm |
| |Billowed |
|Reverted |Spewed |
|Warden |Infallible |
|Prowl |Furled |
|Barrow |Brandished |
|Trove |Bequeathed |
|Wiles |Reek |
|Broached |Lapped |
|Wrath |Boss |
|Cache |Reap |
|Ware |Quelled |
|Sheen |Swabbed |
|Hasped |Languishing |
|War-mask |Howe |
|Mustered |Flagon |
|Timber |Pyre |
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