ELECTRIC CURRENT - Mr. Shanks' Class
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (VOLTAGE)
Why can you touch the ends of a battery and not get an electric shock, but if you touch a wall outlet you would get a major shock?
THE WATER WHEEL MODEL
WATER WHEEL vs ELECTRIC MOTOR
- the water gains gravitational - the electrons gain electric potential
potential energy while going energy while going through the dry
through the pump cell (battery)
- the energy transferred to the - the energy the electrons gain
water by the pump is used from the dry cell is used to turn
to turn the water wheel the electric motor
HOW IS ENERGY MEASURED?
All forms of energy are measured in JOULES (J).
Recall that electrons are bundled in to groups called COULOMBS (C).
The amount of energy that each coulomb has is called the electric potential energy. The symbol for this is V.
Example: Let’s say that 1 coulomb passed through a battery and gained 9 joules
of energy. What would be the electric potential energy as it exited
the negative terminal of the battery?
Electric Potential Energy (V) = 9 Joules = 9 J = 9 J/C = 9 Volts
1 Coulomb 1 C
Electric potential energy is measured in Volts, which also has the symbol V.
(1 V = 1 J/C)
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
This is the difference in electric potential energy between any two points in a circuit. This is also referred to as the voltage.
Example: A 1.5 Volt battery
Each coulomb entering the Each coulomb leaving the
positive terminal has 0 joules the negative terminal has
of energy 1.5 joules of energy
A B
We call it a 1.5 Volt battery because the electric potential difference (voltage) between the negative (point B) and positive
terminal (point A) is 1.5 volts.
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