MINERAL FORMULA CALCULATIONS - Sarah Lambart
[Pages:28]MINERAL FORMULA CALCULATIONS
Sarah Lambart
RECAP CHAP 7: NON-SILICATE MINERALS
Part 1: Native element Part 2: Sulphides and related minerals Part 3 : Oxides, Hydroxides and Halides Part 4: Carbonates, Sulphates and Phosphates
RECAP CHAP 7: NON-SILICATE MINERALS
Part 1: Native elements
Rare: 2ppm of Earth's crust Close-packing Metal, semimetal, non metal Metal: gold group, platinum group and iron group Occurrences: Au & Ag ? hydrothermal; Cu ? mafic rock; Pt &
Diamond: ultramafic; graphite ? sedimentary metamorphic rock; Sulfur ? fumaroles & salt domes
RECAP CHAP 7: NON-SILICATE MINERALS
Part 2: Sulfides and related elements
Large group: 600 minerals Most common source: hydrothermal deposits most common ore source MpXr: - M is a metal or semimetal
- X can be: S, As, S+As, Te
RECAP CHAP 7: NON-SILICATE MINERALS
Part3: oxides, hydroxides and halides Oxides: Metals + oxygen
X2O group (X = H or Cu) Spinel group: XY2O4 (Y= Al, Cr or Fe) X2O3 group: Hematite (Fe2O3), Ilmenite (FeTiO3), Corundum
(Al2O3) XO2 group: rutile (TiO2)
RECAP CHAP 7: NON-SILICATE MINERALS
Hydroxides: Brucite (Mg(OH)2) and gibbsite (Al(OH)3)
OH-: arrange in planes Cation (Mg or Al): octahedral sites between the anion planes
Halides: Halite (NaCl), Fluorite (CaF2), Sylvite (KCl)
NaCl and KCl: isostructural ? 2 fcc interconnected ? found in evaporites
CaF2: layer of anions with cations in cubic sites between the layers ? found in hydrothermal deposits
RECAP CHAP 7: NON-SILICATE MINERALS
Part 4: Carbonates, phosphates, sulfates Carbonates:
~170 minerals 4 Groups: calcite & dolomite (= rhombohedral carbonates), aragonite
and hydrated carbonates
Sulfates: Gypsum, anhydrite and barite
Phosphates: Apatite, monazite and xenotime
MINERAL FORMULA CALCULATIONS
Chemical analyses are usually reported in weight percent of elements or elemental oxides
To calculate mineral formula requires transforming weight percent into atomic percent or molecular percent
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