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Personal Research DatabasePart P-RByProf. Yuh-Shan HoLast data updates: 10/01/12#: in processing of inter-library loan?: has not asked for inter-library loan yet??: questions TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Title: PS: Political Science and Politics PAGEREF _Toc316785261 \h 1Title: Pacific Health Dialog PAGEREF _Toc316785262 \h 2Title: Paedagogica Historica PAGEREF _Toc316785263 \h 4Title: Paediatric Anaesthesia PAGEREF _Toc316785264 \h 6Title: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology PAGEREF _Toc316785265 \h 7Title: Paediatrics & Child Health PAGEREF _Toc316785266 \h 10Title: Pain PAGEREF _Toc316785267 \h 12Title: Pain Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785268 \h 18Title: Pain Research & Management PAGEREF _Toc316785269 \h 20Title: Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785270 \h 25Title: Pakistan Journal of Botany PAGEREF _Toc316785271 \h 26Title: Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785272 \h 28Title: Pakistan Journal of Nutrition PAGEREF _Toc316785273 \h 29Title: Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology PAGEREF _Toc316785274 \h 30Title: Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaophytologie PAGEREF _Toc316785275 \h 33Title: Palaeontology PAGEREF _Toc316785276 \h 34Title: Palaios PAGEREF _Toc316785277 \h 35Title: Paleontological Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785278 \h 37Title: Palliative Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785279 \h 38Title: Pancreas PAGEREF _Toc316785280 \h 45Title: Pancreatology PAGEREF _Toc316785281 \h 47Title: Papua New Guinea Medical Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785282 \h 49Title: Parasitology PAGEREF _Toc316785283 \h 50Title: Parasites & Vectors PAGEREF _Toc316785284 \h 52Title: Parasitology Research PAGEREF _Toc316785285 \h 54Title: Parasitology Today PAGEREF _Toc316785286 \h 57Title: Pathologica PAGEREF _Toc316785287 \h 58Title: Pathology PAGEREF _Toc316785288 \h 59Title: Pathology International PAGEREF _Toc316785289 \h 60Title: Patient Education and Counseling PAGEREF _Toc316785290 \h 61Title: Pattern Recognition PAGEREF _Toc316785291 \h 64Title: Peat and Water: Aspects of Water Retention and Dewatering in Peat PAGEREF _Toc316785292 \h 65Title: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology PAGEREF _Toc316785293 \h 66Title: Pediatric Anesthesia PAGEREF _Toc316785294 \h 67Title: Pediatric Blood & Cancer PAGEREF _Toc316785295 \h 69Title: Pediatric Clinics of North America PAGEREF _Toc316785296 \h 70Title: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785297 \h 71Title: Pediatric Dentistry PAGEREF _Toc316785298 \h 73Title: Pediatric Dentistry PAGEREF _Toc316785299 \h 75Title: Pediatric Emergency Care PAGEREF _Toc316785300 \h 77Title: Pediatric Exercise Science PAGEREF _Toc316785301 \h 79Title: Pediatric Pulmonology PAGEREF _Toc316785302 \h 80Title: Pediatric Radiology PAGEREF _Toc316785303 \h 81Title: Pediatric Rehabilitation PAGEREF _Toc316785304 \h 82Title: Pediatric Research PAGEREF _Toc316785305 \h 83Title: Pediatric Rheumatology PAGEREF _Toc316785306 \h 84Title: Pediatric Surgery International PAGEREF _Toc316785307 \h 86Title: Pediatrics PAGEREF _Toc316785308 \h 88Title: Pediatrics International PAGEREF _Toc316785309 \h 101Title: Pedosphere PAGEREF _Toc316785310 \h 102Title: Periodicum Biologorum PAGEREF _Toc316785311 \h 104Title: Peritoneal Dialysis International PAGEREF _Toc316785312 \h 109Title: Personality and Individual Differences PAGEREF _Toc316785313 \h 111Title: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin PAGEREF _Toc316785314 \h 113Title: Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??o PAGEREF _Toc316785315 \h 114Title: Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics PAGEREF _Toc316785316 \h 117Title: Perspectives on Psychological Science PAGEREF _Toc316785317 \h 119Title: Pertanika PAGEREF _Toc316785318 \h 120Title: Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira PAGEREF _Toc316785319 \h 121Title: Pest Management Science PAGEREF _Toc316785320 \h 123Title: Pesticide Science PAGEREF _Toc316785321 \h 125Title: Petroleum Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785322 \h 127Title: Petroleum Science and Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785323 \h 129Title: Pflege PAGEREF _Toc316785324 \h 130Title: Pharmaceutical Biology PAGEREF _Toc316785325 \h 131Title: Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Today PAGEREF _Toc316785326 \h 133Title: Pharmacoeconomics PAGEREF _Toc316785327 \h 134Title: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety PAGEREF _Toc316785328 \h 138Title: Pharmacogenomics Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785329 \h 140Title: Pharmacological Research PAGEREF _Toc316785330 \h 142Title: Pharmacological Reviews PAGEREF _Toc316785331 \h 143Title: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior PAGEREF _Toc316785332 \h 144Title: Pharmacology & Therapeutics PAGEREF _Toc316785333 \h 146Title: Pharmacology & Toxicology PAGEREF _Toc316785334 \h 148Title: Pharmacopsychiatry PAGEREF _Toc316785335 \h 150Title: Pharmacotherapy PAGEREF _Toc316785336 \h 151Title: Pharmazie PAGEREF _Toc316785337 \h 155Title: Pharos PAGEREF _Toc316785338 \h 157Title: Phi Delta Kappan PAGEREF _Toc316785339 \h 158Title: Philosophical Books PAGEREF _Toc316785340 \h 159Title: Philosophical Magazine PAGEREF _Toc316785341 \h 160Title: Philosophical Transactions PAGEREF _Toc316785342 \h 164Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London PAGEREF _Toc316785343 \h 165Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785344 \h 166Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character PAGEREF _Toc316785345 \h 168Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785346 \h 169Title: Phlebology PAGEREF _Toc316785347 \h 172Title: Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785348 \h 174Title: Photochemistry and Photobiology PAGEREF _Toc316785349 \h 175Title: Photosynthesis Research PAGEREF _Toc316785350 \h 178Title: Photosynthetica PAGEREF _Toc316785351 \h 179Title: Physica PAGEREF _Toc316785352 \h 180Title: Physica B-Condensed Matter PAGEREF _Toc316785353 \h 182Title: Physica Status Solidi A-Applied Research PAGEREF _Toc316785354 \h 183Title: Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications PAGEREF _Toc316785355 \h 184Title: Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Research PAGEREF _Toc316785356 \h 188Title: Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Physics PAGEREF _Toc316785357 \h 190Title: Physical Adsorption: Experiment, Theory and Applications PAGEREF _Toc316785358 \h 192Title: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics PAGEREF _Toc316785359 \h 193Title: The Physical Chemistry of Dyeing PAGEREF _Toc316785360 \h 196Title: Physical Review PAGEREF _Toc316785361 \h 197Title: Physical Review A PAGEREF _Toc316785362 \h 209Title: Physical Review B PAGEREF _Toc316785363 \h 211Title: Physical Review C-Nuclear Physics PAGEREF _Toc316785364 \h 214Title: Physical Review D PAGEREF _Toc316785365 \h 215Title: Physical Review E PAGEREF _Toc316785366 \h 216Title: Physical Review Letters PAGEREF _Toc316785367 \h 218Title: Physical Therapy PAGEREF _Toc316785368 \h 221Title: Physical Therapy in Sport PAGEREF _Toc316785369 \h 227Title: Physician and Sportsmedicine PAGEREF _Toc316785370 \h 229Title: Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing PAGEREF _Toc316785371 \h 230Title: Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control PAGEREF _Toc316785372 \h 231Title: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth PAGEREF _Toc316785373 \h 232Title: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals PAGEREF _Toc316785374 \h 234Title: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors PAGEREF _Toc316785375 \h 235Title: Physics of Fluids PAGEREF _Toc316785376 \h 236Title: Physics Letters A PAGEREF _Toc316785377 \h 237Title: Physics of Fluids PAGEREF _Toc316785378 \h 238Title: Physics in Medicine and Biology PAGEREF _Toc316785379 \h 239Title: Physics in Perspective PAGEREF _Toc316785380 \h 240Title: Physics Reports-Review Section of Physics Letters PAGEREF _Toc316785381 \h 241Title: Physics World PAGEREF _Toc316785382 \h 243Title: Physikalische Medizin Rehabilitationsmedizin Kurortmedizin PAGEREF _Toc316785383 \h 244Title: Physikalische Zeitschrift PAGEREF _Toc316785384 \h 247Title: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology PAGEREF _Toc316785385 \h 249Title: Physiological Chemistry and Physics PAGEREF _Toc316785386 \h 250Title: Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR PAGEREF _Toc316785387 \h 251Title: Physiologia Plantarum PAGEREF _Toc316785388 \h 252Title: Physiologist PAGEREF _Toc316785389 \h 254Title: Physiology PAGEREF _Toc316785390 \h 255Title: Physiotherapy PAGEREF _Toc316785391 \h 256Title: Phytochemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785392 \h 258Title: Phytomedicine PAGEREF _Toc316785393 \h 259Title: Phytotherapy Research PAGEREF _Toc316785394 \h 262Title: Pigment Cell Research PAGEREF _Toc316785395 \h 263Title: Planning Practice and Research PAGEREF _Toc316785396 \h 264Title: Plant Biotechnology Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785397 \h 265Title: Plant Protection Science PAGEREF _Toc316785398 \h 266Title: Plant Cell Reports PAGEREF _Toc316785399 \h 268Title: Plant Disease PAGEREF _Toc316785400 \h 269Title: Plant Ecology PAGEREF _Toc316785401 \h 271Title: Plant Physiology PAGEREF _Toc316785402 \h 273Title: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785403 \h 275Title: Plant Science PAGEREF _Toc316785404 \h 276Title: Plant Soil and Environment PAGEREF _Toc316785405 \h 277Title: Plant and Soil PAGEREF _Toc316785406 \h 278Title: Plant Systematics and Evolution PAGEREF _Toc316785407 \h 283Title: Planta PAGEREF _Toc316785408 \h 284Title: Planta Medica PAGEREF _Toc316785409 \h 285Title: The Planters PAGEREF _Toc316785410 \h 287Title: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery PAGEREF _Toc316785411 \h 288Title: Platelets PAGEREF _Toc316785412 \h 296Title: Plating PAGEREF _Toc316785413 \h 298Title: Plating and Surface Finishing PAGEREF _Toc316785414 \h 299Title: PLoS Biology PAGEREF _Toc316785415 \h 300Title: PLoS Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785416 \h 302Title: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PAGEREF _Toc316785417 \h 308Title: PLoS One PAGEREF _Toc316785418 \h 311Title: Poetics PAGEREF _Toc316785419 \h 345Title: Policy Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785420 \h 347Title: Policy Studies Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785421 \h 348Title: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785422 \h 350Title: Polish Journal of Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785423 \h 355Title: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies PAGEREF _Toc316785424 \h 359Title: Polar Research PAGEREF _Toc316785425 \h 397Title: Polish Polar Research PAGEREF _Toc316785426 \h 398Title: Political Studies Review PAGEREF _Toc316785427 \h 399Title: Politická Ekonomie PAGEREF _Toc316785428 \h 400Title: Politische Vierteljahresschrift PAGEREF _Toc316785429 \h 402Title: Pollution Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785430 \h 403Title: Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds PAGEREF _Toc316785431 \h 404Title: Polyhedron PAGEREF _Toc316785432 \h 406Title: Polymer PAGEREF _Toc316785433 \h 408Title: Polymer Bulletin PAGEREF _Toc316785434 \h 414Title: Polymer Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785435 \h 422Title: Polymer Communications PAGEREF _Toc316785436 \h 423Title: Polymer Composites PAGEREF _Toc316785437 \h 424Title: Polymer Degradation and Stability PAGEREF _Toc316785438 \h 426Title: Polymer Engineering and Science PAGEREF _Toc316785439 \h 428Title: Polymer International PAGEREF _Toc316785440 \h 430Title: Polymer Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785441 \h 434Title: Polymer-Korea PAGEREF _Toc316785442 \h 435Title: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785443 \h 437Title: Polymer Science Series A PAGEREF _Toc316785444 \h 441Title: Polymer Science U.S.S.R. PAGEREF _Toc316785445 \h 442Title: Polymers for Advanced Technologies PAGEREF _Toc316785446 \h 444Title: Portal-Libraries and the Academy PAGEREF _Toc316785447 \h 451Title: 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785448 \h 455Title: Postgraduate Medical Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785449 \h 459Title: Postgraduate Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785450 \h 461Title: Postharvest Biology and Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785451 \h 463Title: PICMET’01. Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. Proceedings Vol. 1: Book of Summaries (IEEE Cat. No. 01CH37199) PAGEREF _Toc316785452 \h 465Title: Powder Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785453 \h 469Title: Power Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785454 \h 471Title: A Practical Guide to Geostatistical Mapping of Environmental Variables PAGEREF _Toc316785455 \h 472Title: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management PAGEREF _Toc316785456 \h 473Title: Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie PAGEREF _Toc316785457 \h 474Title: Prensa Medica Argentina PAGEREF _Toc316785458 \h 476Title: Preslia PAGEREF _Toc316785459 \h 477Title: Presse Medicale PAGEREF _Toc316785460 \h 479Title: Preventive Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785461 \h 481Title: Preventive Veterinary Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785462 \h 483Title: Principles of Adsorption and Adsorption Process PAGEREF _Toc316785463 \h 486Title: Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785464 \h 487Title: Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery PAGEREF _Toc316785465 \h 488Title: Print Quarterly PAGEREF _Toc316785466 \h 490Title: Problemy Tuberkuleza PAGEREF _Toc316785467 \h 491Title: Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785468 \h 492Title: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, Physical Chemistry Section, USSR PAGEREF _Toc316785469 \h 493Title: KDD-2007 Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Sigkdd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining PAGEREF _Toc316785470 \h 494Title: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785471 \h 496Title: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society PAGEREF _Toc316785472 \h 498Title: Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers PAGEREF _Toc316785473 \h 499Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science PAGEREF _Toc316785474 \h 500Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science PAGEREF _Toc316785475 \h 501Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785476 \h 502Title: Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting PAGEREF _Toc316785477 \h 505Title: Proceedings of the 2nd Asia Pacific Conference Sustainable Energy and Environmental Technologies-Challenges and Opportunities PAGEREF _Toc316785478 \h 508Title: Proceedings of the Chinese Institute of Environmental Engineering Conference PAGEREF _Toc316785479 \h 509Title: Proceedings of the 1999 Conference Hazardous Waste Research PAGEREF _Toc316785480 \h 510Title: Proceedings of the 2000 Conference Hazardous Waste Research PAGEREF _Toc316785481 \h 511Title: Proceedings of ECOpole PAGEREF _Toc316785482 \h 512Title: Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785483 \h 514Title: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on E-Learning PAGEREF _Toc316785484 \h 516Title: Proceedings of the 2nd Euro-Asia Conference on Environment and Corporate Social Responsibility: Technological Innovation and Management Section PAGEREF _Toc316785485 \h 518Title: Proceedings of the European Congress PAGEREF _Toc316785486 \h 520Title: Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Chemical Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785487 \h 521Title: Proceedings of the AWPS 2003 International Conference on Forest products Better Utilization of Wood for Human, Earth and Future PAGEREF _Toc316785488 \h 523Title: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management PAGEREF _Toc316785489 \h 524Title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785490 \h 527Title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning PAGEREF _Toc316785491 \h 528Title: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management & Organisational Learning PAGEREF _Toc316785492 \h 530Title: Proceedings of ISSI 2009 - 12th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics PAGEREF _Toc316785493 \h 532Title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Product Innovation Management PAGEREF _Toc316785494 \h 533Title: Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Water Pollution Symposium PAGEREF _Toc316785495 \h 534Title: Proceedings of International Symposium on Peat Utilization PAGEREF _Toc316785496 \h 535Title: Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference PAGEREF _Toc316785497 \h 537Title: Proceedings of the 37th Industrial Waste Conference PAGEREF _Toc316785498 \h 538Title: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785499 \h 539Title: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A-Journal of Power and Energy PAGEREF _Toc316785500 \h 540Title: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Public Economics and Management (ICPEM 2009), Vol 6 - Cost Benefits Analysis PAGEREF _Toc316785501 \h 541Title: Proceeding of the Second International Congress on Surface Activity PAGEREF _Toc316785502 \h 542Title: Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation PAGEREF _Toc316785503 \h 543Title: Proceedings of the International Peat Congress PAGEREF _Toc316785504 \h 544Title: Proceedings of IRNOP VII Project Research Conference PAGEREF _Toc316785505 \h 548Title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Product Innovation Management PAGEREF _Toc316785506 \h 550Title: Proceedings of the Sixth (2005) Isope Ocean Mining Symposium PAGEREF _Toc316785507 \h 551Title: Proceedings of the Joint US-Japan Seminar PAGEREF _Toc316785508 \h 552Title: Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam PAGEREF _Toc316785509 \h 553Title: Proceedings of the 2008 Library Assessment Conference: Building Effective, Sustainable, Practical Assessment PAGEREF _Toc316785510 \h 556Title: Proceedings: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785511 \h 558Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America PAGEREF _Toc316785512 \h 560Title: Proceedings of the 2009 Second Pacific-Asia Conference on Web Mining and Web-Based Application PAGEREF _Toc316785513 \h 575Title: Proceedings of 2nd Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785514 \h 576Title: Proceedings of the Physical Society of London PAGEREF _Toc316785515 \h 577Title: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy PAGEREF _Toc316785516 \h 578Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London PAGEREF _Toc316785517 \h 579Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785518 \h 580Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character PAGEREF _Toc316785519 \h 582Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine-London PAGEREF _Toc316785520 \h 584Title: Proceedings: Biological Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785521 \h 585Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences PAGEREF _Toc316785522 \h 587Title: Proceedings of Seminar at Bord na Mona Peat Research Centre (Newbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland) PAGEREF _Toc316785523 \h 588Title: Proceedings of the Sixth Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference PAGEREF _Toc316785524 \h 589Title: Proceedings of the Sixth National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems: On-site Wastewater Treatment PAGEREF _Toc316785525 \h 590Title: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785526 \h 591Title: Proceedings of the World Engineers’ Convention 2004: Vol D, Environment Protection and Disaster Mitigation PAGEREF _Toc316785527 \h 592Title: Proceedings of the Symposium on Peat PAGEREF _Toc316785528 \h 593Title: Process Biochemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785529 \h 594Title: Process Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785530 \h 728Title: Process Safety and Environmental Protection PAGEREF _Toc316785531 \h 729Title: Productions Animales (Paris) PAGEREF _Toc316785532 \h 755Title: Profesional de la Informacion PAGEREF _Toc316785533 \h 756Title: Professional Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785534 \h 764Title: Professional Geographer PAGEREF _Toc316785535 \h 765Title: Professional Psychology-Research and Practice PAGEREF _Toc316785536 \h 766Title: Program-Automated Library and Information Systems PAGEREF _Toc316785537 \h 767Title: Program-Electronic Library and Information Systems PAGEREF _Toc316785538 \h 768Title: Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics PAGEREF _Toc316785539 \h 770Title: Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases PAGEREF _Toc316785540 \h 771Title: Progress in Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785541 \h 772Title: Progress in Clinical and Biological Research PAGEREF _Toc316785542 \h 774Title: Progress in Communication PAGEREF _Toc316785543 \h 775Title: Progress in Convergence: Technologies for Human Wellbeing PAGEREF _Toc316785544 \h 776Title: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science PAGEREF _Toc316785545 \h 777Title: Progress in Environmental Science and Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785546 \h 779Title: Progress in Human Geography PAGEREF _Toc316785547 \h 782Title: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry PAGEREF _Toc316785548 \h 784Title: Progress in Organic Coatings PAGEREF _Toc316785549 \h 788Title: Progress in Organic Coatings PAGEREF _Toc316785550 \h 789Title: Progress in Photovoltaics PAGEREF _Toc316785551 \h 791Title: Progress in Polymer Science PAGEREF _Toc316785552 \h 792Title: Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism PAGEREF _Toc316785553 \h 795Title: Progress in Surface and Membrane Science PAGEREF _Toc316785554 \h 796Title: Progress in Surface Science PAGEREF _Toc316785555 \h 797Title: Progress of Theoretical Physics PAGEREF _Toc316785556 \h 802Title: Progress in Water Technology PAGEREF _Toc316785557 \h 803Title: Project Management Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785558 \h 804Title: Prostaglandins PAGEREF _Toc316785559 \h 805Title: Prostate PAGEREF _Toc316785560 \h 806Title: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases PAGEREF _Toc316785561 \h 808Title: Prosthetics and Orthotics International PAGEREF _Toc316785562 \h 810Title: Protection of Metals PAGEREF _Toc316785563 \h 812Title: Przeglad Przyrodniczy PAGEREF _Toc316785564 \h 813Title: Przemysl Chemiczny PAGEREF _Toc316785565 \h 814Title: Psicologia Conductual PAGEREF _Toc316785566 \h 819Title: Psicologia-Reflex?o e Crítica PAGEREF _Toc316785567 \h 821Title: Psicothema PAGEREF _Toc316785568 \h 823Title: Psihologija PAGEREF _Toc316785569 \h 832Title: Psiquis PAGEREF _Toc316785570 \h 833Title: PS-Political Science & Politics PAGEREF _Toc316785571 \h 834Title: Psychiatric Quarterly PAGEREF _Toc316785572 \h 836Title: Psychiatric Services PAGEREF _Toc316785573 \h 837Title: Psychiatrische Praxis PAGEREF _Toc316785574 \h 840Title: Psychiatry PAGEREF _Toc316785575 \h 843Title: Psychiatry Investigation PAGEREF _Toc316785576 \h 844Title: Psychiatry Research PAGEREF _Toc316785577 \h 845Title: Psycho-Oncology PAGEREF _Toc316785578 \h 847Title: Psychologie Francaise PAGEREF _Toc316785579 \h 850Title: Psychological Assessment PAGEREF _Toc316785580 \h 852Title: Psychological Bulletin PAGEREF _Toc316785581 \h 853Title: Psychological Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785582 \h 855Title: Psychological Record PAGEREF _Toc316785583 \h 861Title: Psychological Reports PAGEREF _Toc316785584 \h 862Title: Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht PAGEREF _Toc316785585 \h 865Title: Psychologische Rundschau PAGEREF _Toc316785586 \h 866Title: Psychology PAGEREF _Toc316785587 \h 867Title: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors PAGEREF _Toc316785588 \h 868Title: Psychology and Aging PAGEREF _Toc316785589 \h 869Title: Psychology Exploration PAGEREF _Toc316785590 \h 870Title: Psychology and Health PAGEREF _Toc316785591 \h 871Title: Psychology of Men & Masculinity PAGEREF _Toc316785592 \h 873Title: Psychology in the Schools PAGEREF _Toc316785593 \h 874Title: Psycho-Oncology PAGEREF _Toc316785594 \h 875Title: Psychopathology PAGEREF _Toc316785595 \h 876Title: Psychopharmacology PAGEREF _Toc316785596 \h 879Title: Psychophysiology PAGEREF _Toc316785597 \h 881Title: Psychosomatic Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785598 \h 883Title: Psychotherapeut PAGEREF _Toc316785599 \h 886Title: Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie PAGEREF _Toc316785600 \h 888Title: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics PAGEREF _Toc316785601 \h 890Title: Psychotherapy Research PAGEREF _Toc316785602 \h 894Title: Public Administration PAGEREF _Toc316785603 \h 896Title: Public Administration and Development PAGEREF _Toc316785604 \h 898Title: Public Health PAGEREF _Toc316785605 \h 899Title: Public Health Nursing PAGEREF _Toc316785606 \h 906Title: Public Health Nutrition PAGEREF _Toc316785607 \h 909Title: Public Health Reports PAGEREF _Toc316785608 \h 911Title: Public Health Rev PAGEREF _Toc316785609 \h 918Title: Public Health Service Publication PAGEREF _Toc316785610 \h 920Title: Public Relations Review PAGEREF _Toc316785611 \h 921Title: Public Understanding of Science PAGEREF _Toc316785612 \h 922Title: Publications of the American Statistical Association PAGEREF _Toc316785613 \h 923Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific PAGEREF _Toc316785614 \h 924Title: Publishing Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785615 \h 928Title: Publishing Research Quarterly PAGEREF _Toc316785616 \h 929Title: Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785617 \h 930Title: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics PAGEREF _Toc316785618 \h 932Title: Pure and Applied Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785619 \h 934Title: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEREF _Toc316785620 \h 937Title: QJM-An International Journal of Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785621 \h 945Title: QSAR & Combinatorial Science PAGEREF _Toc316785622 \h 948Title: Quaderni Dell Ingegnere Chimico Italiano PAGEREF _Toc316785623 \h 949Title: Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica PAGEREF _Toc316785624 \h 950Title: Quaerendo PAGEREF _Toc316785625 \h 951Title: Quality of Life Research PAGEREF _Toc316785626 \h 952Title: Quality Management in Higher Education, Proceedings PAGEREF _Toc316785627 \h 956Title: Quality & Quantity PAGEREF _Toc316785628 \h 958Title: Quality and Reliability Engineering International PAGEREF _Toc316785629 \h 960Title: Quality & Safety in Health Care PAGEREF _Toc316785630 \h 962Title: Quarterly Bulletin of IAALD PAGEREF _Toc316785631 \h 965Title: Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology PAGEREF _Toc316785632 \h 966Title: Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association PAGEREF _Toc316785633 \h 968Title: Quarterly Review of Biology PAGEREF _Toc316785634 \h 969Title: Quarterly Reviews PAGEREF _Toc316785635 \h 970Title: Quart. Rev. Chem. Soc. PAGEREF _Toc316785636 \h 971Title: Quaternary Science Reviews PAGEREF _Toc316785637 \h 972Title: Quimica Analitica PAGEREF _Toc316785638 \h 973Title: Quimíca Nova PAGEREF _Toc316785639 \h 974Title: Quintessence International PAGEREF _Toc316785640 \h 989Title: Radiation Measurements PAGEREF _Toc316785641 \h 991Title: Radiation Physics and Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785642 \h 992Title: Radiologia PAGEREF _Toc316785643 \h 997Title: Radiology PAGEREF _Toc316785644 \h 999Title: Radiology and Oncology PAGEREF _Toc316785645 \h 1005Title: Radiology and Oncology PAGEREF _Toc316785646 \h 1006Title: Radiation Research PAGEREF _Toc316785647 \h 1009Title: Radiochemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785648 \h 1012Title: Radiochimica Acta PAGEREF _Toc316785649 \h 1013Title: Radiology PAGEREF _Toc316785650 \h 1038Title: Radiol Health Data Repy PAGEREF _Toc316785651 \h 1041Title: Rae-Revista de Administracao de Empresas PAGEREF _Toc316785652 \h 1042Title: Rand Journal of Economics PAGEREF _Toc316785653 \h 1043Title: Rangelands PAGEREF _Toc316785654 \h 1044Title: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry PAGEREF _Toc316785655 \h 1045Title: Rapport. Commission International Pour la Mer Mediterranee (France) PAGEREF _Toc316785656 \h 1047Title: Rare Metal Materials and Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785657 \h 1048Title: Rare Metals PAGEREF _Toc316785658 \h 1051Title: Ra-Revista de Arquitectura PAGEREF _Toc316785659 \h 1053Title: Rates of Chemical Weathering of Rocks and Minerals PAGEREF _Toc316785660 \h 1058Title: Rates of Soil Chemical Processes PAGEREF _Toc316785661 \h 1059Title: R & D Management PAGEREF _Toc316785662 \h 1060Title: R & D Management PAGEREF _Toc316785663 \h 1061Title: Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters PAGEREF _Toc316785664 \h 1065Title: Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis PAGEREF _Toc316785665 \h 1066Title: Reactive & Functional Polymers PAGEREF _Toc316785666 \h 1068Title: Reactive Polymers PAGEREF _Toc316785667 \h 1104Title: Réanimation PAGEREF _Toc316785668 \h 1107Title: Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Zeolites and Related Materials, Pts A - C Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis PAGEREF _Toc316785669 \h 1110Title: Recent Advance in Statistics Application and Related Areas PAGEREF _Toc316785670 \h 1111Title: Recent Patents on Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785671 \h 1113Title: Recherches de Theologie et Philosophie Medievales PAGEREF _Toc316785672 \h 1114Title: Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas PAGEREF _Toc316785673 \h 1115Title: Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas-Journal of the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society PAGEREF _Toc316785674 \h 1116Title: Reference & User Services Quarterly PAGEREF _Toc316785675 \h 1118Title: Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785676 \h 1119Title: Regional Science and Urban Economics PAGEREF _Toc316785677 \h 1121Title: Regional Studies PAGEREF _Toc316785678 \h 1122Title: Regional Studies: The Journal of the Regional Studies Association PAGEREF _Toc316785679 \h 1131Title: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology PAGEREF _Toc316785680 \h 1135Title: Rehabilitation PAGEREF _Toc316785681 \h 1142Title: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin PAGEREF _Toc316785682 \h 1143Title: Rehabilitation Psychology PAGEREF _Toc316785683 \h 1144Title: Relatorios Cientificos e Tecnicos do IPIMAR Serie Digital PAGEREF _Toc316785684 \h 1145Title: Remedial and Special Education PAGEREF _Toc316785685 \h 1146Title: Remote Sensing of Environment PAGEREF _Toc316785686 \h 1147Title: Renewable Energy PAGEREF _Toc316785687 \h 1151Title: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews PAGEREF _Toc316785688 \h 1153Title: Report ER822-M, WRC Medmenham PAGEREF _Toc316785689 \h 1155Title: Reproductive Biomedicine Online PAGEREF _Toc316785690 \h 1156Title: Reproductive Toxicology PAGEREF _Toc316785691 \h 1158Title: Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, Proceedings PAGEREF _Toc316785692 \h 1159Title: Research on Aging PAGEREF _Toc316785693 \h 1161Title: Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology PAGEREF _Toc316785694 \h 1162Title: Research in Developmental Disabilities PAGEREF _Toc316785695 \h 1163Title: Research Evaluation PAGEREF _Toc316785696 \h 1165Title: Research in Higher Education PAGEREF _Toc316785697 \h 1198Title: Research and Industry PAGEREF _Toc316785698 \h 1200Title: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment PAGEREF _Toc316785699 \h 1202Title: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, India PAGEREF _Toc316785700 \h 1249Title: Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation PAGEREF _Toc316785701 \h 1250Title: Research in Microbiology PAGEREF _Toc316785702 \h 1252Title: Research in Nursing & Health PAGEREF _Toc316785703 \h 1254Title: Research Papers in Education PAGEREF _Toc316785704 \h 1256Title: Research Policy PAGEREF _Toc316785705 \h 1257Title: Research Program Effectiveness PAGEREF _Toc316785706 \h 1318Title: Research Progress in Paper Industry and Biorefinery (4th ISETPP), Vols 1-3 PAGEREF _Toc316785707 \h 1319Title: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport PAGEREF _Toc316785708 \h 1320Title: Research and Reviews in Parasitology PAGEREF _Toc316785709 \h 1321Title: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy PAGEREF _Toc316785710 \h 1322Title: Research on Social Work Practice PAGEREF _Toc316785711 \h 1324Title: Research Strategies PAGEREF _Toc316785712 \h 1329Title: Research in the Teaching of English PAGEREF _Toc316785713 \h 1330Title: Research Technology Management PAGEREF _Toc316785714 \h 1331Title: Researches in Library Science PAGEREF _Toc316785715 \h 1332Title: Researches in Medical Education PAGEREF _Toc316785716 \h 1334Title: Resources Conservation and Recycling PAGEREF _Toc316785717 \h 1335Title: Respiratory Care PAGEREF _Toc316785718 \h 1344Title: Respiratory Medicine PAGEREF _Toc316785719 \h 1346Title: Responsible Care Management Systems PAGEREF _Toc316785720 \h 1349Title: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience PAGEREF _Toc316785721 \h 1350Title: Resuscitation PAGEREF _Toc316785722 \h 1352Title: Retrovirology PAGEREF _Toc316785723 \h 1354Title: Review of Agricultural Economics PAGEREF _Toc316785724 \h 1355Title: Review of Economics and Statistics PAGEREF _Toc316785725 \h 1356Title: Review of English Studies PAGEREF _Toc316785726 \h 1358Title: Review of General Psychology PAGEREF _Toc316785727 \h 1359Title: Review of Higher Education PAGEREF _Toc316785728 \h 1360Title: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology PAGEREF _Toc316785729 \h 1361Title: Review of Policy Research PAGEREF _Toc316785730 \h 1367Title: Reviews in Chemical Engineering PAGEREF _Toc316785731 \h 1368Title: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology PAGEREF _Toc316785732 \h 1369Title: Reviews on Environmental Health PAGEREF _Toc316785733 \h 1378Title: Reviews of Modern Physics PAGEREF _Toc316785734 \h 1382Title: Reviews in the Neurosciences PAGEREF _Toc316785735 \h 1383Title: Revija Za Socijalnu Politiku PAGEREF _Toc316785736 \h 1385Title: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo PAGEREF _Toc316785737 \h 1386Title: R Soc Health J PAGEREF _Toc316785738 \h 1387Title: Revista de Administracao de Empresas PAGEREF _Toc316785739 \h 1388Title: Revista da Associa??o Médica Brasileira PAGEREF _Toc316785740 \h 1389Title: Revista de Biologia Tropical PAGEREF _Toc316785741 \h 1391Title: Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo PAGEREF _Toc316785742 \h 1409Title: Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular PAGEREF _Toc316785743 \h 1411Title: Revista Brasileira de Entomologia PAGEREF _Toc316785744 \h 1413Title: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia-Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy PAGEREF _Toc316785745 \h 1415Title: Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia PAGEREF _Toc316785746 \h 1417Title: Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte PAGEREF _Toc316785747 \h 1420Title: Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria PAGEREF _Toc316785748 \h 1422Title: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural PAGEREF _Toc316785749 \h 1428Title: Revista Chilena de Infectología PAGEREF _Toc316785750 \h 1431Title: Revista de Chimie PAGEREF _Toc316785751 \h 1432Title: Revista Clínica Espa?ola PAGEREF _Toc316785752 \h 1441Title: Revista de Dialectologia y Tradiciones Populares PAGEREF _Toc316785753 \h 1446Title: Revista de Enfermería PAGEREF _Toc316785754 \h 1447Title: REM-Revista Escola de Minas PAGEREF _Toc316785755 \h 1448Title: Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP PAGEREF _Toc316785756 \h 1450Title: Revista Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación PAGEREF _Toc316785757 \h 1452Title: Revista Espanola de Cardiologia PAGEREF _Toc316785758 \h 1454Title: Revista Espanola de Documentacion Cientifica PAGEREF _Toc316785759 \h 1460Title: Revista Espa?ola de Drogodependencias PAGEREF _Toc316785760 \h 1477Title: Revista Espa?ola de Enfermedades Digestivas PAGEREF _Toc316785761 \h 1478Title: Revista Espa?ola de Financiacion y Contabilidad-Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting PAGEREF _Toc316785762 \h 1483Title: Revista Espa?ola de Investigaciones Sociologicas PAGEREF _Toc316785763 \h 1485Title: Revista Espa?ola de Medicina Nuclear PAGEREF _Toc316785764 \h 1486Title: Revista Espanola de Pedagogia PAGEREF _Toc316785765 \h 1489Title: Revista Espa?ola de Quimioterapia PAGEREF _Toc316785766 \h 1490Title: Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública PAGEREF _Toc316785767 \h 1492Title: Revista de Estudios Sociales PAGEREF _Toc316785768 \h 1498Title: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias PAGEREF _Toc316785769 \h 1499Title: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas PAGEREF _Toc316785770 \h 1501Title: Revista Facultad de Ingenieria-Universidad de Antioquia PAGEREF _Toc316785771 \h 1502Title: Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana PAGEREF _Toc316785772 \h 1503Title: Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem PAGEREF _Toc316785773 \h 1504Title: Revista Geologica de Chile PAGEREF _Toc316785774 \h 1505Title: Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia PAGEREF _Toc316785775 \h 1506Title: Revista Ingenieria e Investigacion PAGEREF _Toc316785776 \h 1508Title: Revista de Investigacion Clinica PAGEREF _Toc316785777 \h 1509Title: Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem PAGEREF _Toc316785778 \h 1510Title: Revista Latinoamericana de Investigacion en Matematica Educativa-Relime PAGEREF _Toc316785779 \h 1512Title: Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia PAGEREF _Toc316785780 \h 1513Title: Revista Médica de Chile PAGEREF _Toc316785781 \h 1518Title: Revista de Metalurgia PAGEREF _Toc316785782 \h 1523Title: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad PAGEREF _Toc316785783 \h 1524Title: Revista Mexicana de Ingenieria Quimica PAGEREF _Toc316785784 \h 1525Title: Revista Mexicana de Psicologia PAGEREF _Toc316785785 \h 1527Title: Revista de Microbiologia PAGEREF _Toc316785786 \h 1529Title: Revista Mvz Córdoba PAGEREF _Toc316785787 \h 1530Title: Revista de Neurologia PAGEREF _Toc316785788 \h 1532Title: Revista de Nutri??o-Brazilian Journal of Nutrition PAGEREF _Toc316785789 \h 1542Title: Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica-Pan American Journal of Public Health PAGEREF _Toc316785790 \h 1544Title: Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia PAGEREF _Toc316785791 \h 1548Title: Revista de Psicodidactica PAGEREF _Toc316785792 \h 1549Title: Revista de Psicologia del Deporte PAGEREF _Toc316785793 \h 1551Title: Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica PAGEREF _Toc316785794 \h 1552Title: Revista de Psiquiatria y Salud Mental PAGEREF _Toc316785795 \h 1557Title: Revista de Salud Pública (Bogotá, Colombia) PAGEREF _Toc316785796 \h 1559Title: Revista de Saúde Pública PAGEREF _Toc316785797 \h 1560Title: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical PAGEREF _Toc316785798 \h 1570Title: Revista Tecnica de la Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad del Zulia PAGEREF _Toc316785799 \h 1572Title: Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l Appareil Moteur PAGEREF _Toc316785800 \h 1573Title: Revue ?conomique PAGEREF _Toc316785801 \h 1574Title: Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique PAGEREF _Toc316785802 \h 1575Title: Revue Fran?aise d’Allergologie et d’Immunologie Clinique PAGEREF _Toc316785803 \h 1578Title: Revue Francaise de Sociologie PAGEREF _Toc316785804 \h 1579Title: Revue Générale de Thermique PAGEREF _Toc316785805 \h 1580Title: Revue de l Institut Francais du Petrole PAGEREF _Toc316785806 \h 1582Title: Revue des Maladies Respiratoires PAGEREF _Toc316785807 \h 1583Title: Revue Roumaine de Chimie PAGEREF _Toc316785808 \h 1584Title: Revue Scientifique et Technique de l Office International des Epizooties PAGEREF _Toc316785809 \h 1587Title: Rheumatology PAGEREF _Toc316785810 \h 1590Title: Rheumatology International PAGEREF _Toc316785811 \h 1594Title: Rhinology PAGEREF _Toc316785812 \h 1600Title: Rhode Island Medical Journal PAGEREF _Toc316785813 \h 1601Title: Rhodora PAGEREF _Toc316785814 \h 1602Title: R.I.B.A. Symposium: Energy Conservation and the Professional Response, Coleraine, N. Ireland PAGEREF _Toc316785815 \h 1603Title: Risk Analysis PAGEREF _Toc316785816 \h 1604Title: River Research and Applications PAGEREF _Toc316785817 \h 1613Title: Roczniki Chemii PAGEREF _Toc316785818 \h 1615Title: Rofo-Fortschritte Auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden Verfahren PAGEREF _Toc316785819 \h 1616Title: Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting PAGEREF _Toc316785820 \h 1618Title: Romantisme PAGEREF _Toc316785821 \h 1619Title: The Royal Statistical Society Series C-Applied Statistics PAGEREF _Toc316785822 \h 1620Title: Rozhledy v Chirurgii PAGEREF _Toc316785823 \h 1621Title: RQ PAGEREF _Toc316785824 \h 1622Title: RSC Advances PAGEREF _Toc316785825 \h 1623Title: Rural Remote Health PAGEREF _Toc316785826 \h 1625Title: Russian Chemical Bulletin PAGEREF _Toc316785827 \h 1627Title: Russian Chemical Reviews PAGEREF _Toc316785828 \h 1629Title: Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785829 \h 1631Title: Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785830 \h 1635Title: Russian Journal of Electrochemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785831 \h 1636Title: Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry PAGEREF _Toc316785832 \h 1637Title: Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A PAGEREF _Toc316785833 \h 1639Title: Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR PAGEREF _Toc316785834 \h 1641Title: PS: Political Science and PoliticsFull Journal Title: PS: Political Science and PoliticsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Cnudde, C.F. (1986), Care in using the Social-Sciences Citation Index - Comment on klingemanns method. PS: Political Science and Politics, 19 (4), 850-852.Keywords: Comment on? Masuoka, N., Grofman, B. and Feld, S.L. (2007), The political science 400: A 20-year update. PS: Political Science and Politics, 40 (1), 133-145.Full Text: 2007\Pol Sci Pol40, 133.pdfAbstract: This essay is the first of a planned three-part series dealing with quantitative indicators of continuity and change in the political science discipline, focusing on the period since 1960. The series is inspired by the work of Somit and Tanenhaus (1967) which presented reputational rankings of both departments and individuals. For this series of essays, we created a unique database in which we recorded cumulative citation counts between 1960–2005 for all regular faculty members of U.S. Ph.D.-granting institutions ca. 2002. In addition to identifying the department at which the individuals in this data set are presently employed, we have also collected information on their date of Ph.D. and the institution from which their Ph.D. was awarded.Title: Pacific Health DialogFull Journal Title: Pacific Health DialogISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Pac Health DialogISSN: 1015-7867Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Cuboni, H.D., Finau, S.A., Wainiqolo, I. and Cuboni, G. (2004), Fijian participation in health research: analysis of MEDLINE publications 1965-2002. Pacific Health Dialog, 11 (1), 59-78.Abstract: The driving force of health research in the Pacific has been the expatriates. The common practice has been that health professionals from developed countries come and do research, without much involvement by local experts, take the data off shore to analyze and publish elsewhere, without benefiting the researched communities. OBJECTIVES: this paper examines the participation of Fijians in health research publications on Fiji; identifies the most researched health areas; and discusses the implications for health priorities and research capacity development in Fiji. METHODS: MEDLINE published papers were used as database using “Fiji” as the search word. Two hundred and ninety-eight (298) health-related publications were retrieved from July 1965 to April 2002. Direct and indirect interviews were conducted for the identification of authors. Reviewing abstracts and full-textpapers were performed for the ascertainment of studied subjects of papers. RESULTS: The 298 papers identified include 275 (92.3%) descriptive studies (including community/population surveys, case series and cross-sectional studies); four (1.3%) case-control studies; eight (2.7%) cohort studies and 11 (3.7%) unknown-type studies. There were no randomized-controlled trials (RCT) or community intervention trials (CIT). Turning to authorship, there were more expatriates (82.3%) than local researchers (17.7%) out of a total 815 authors. There were fewer Fijians who had been sole and first authors (12.5% and 13.5%, respectively), and a significant difference between the proportion of non-Fijians to have contributed as sole and first author compared to that of Fijians (c2=6.4, df=1; p=0.01). Among the Fijian authors, males contributed five times more than females. Indo-Fijians (58%) participated more than indigenous Fijians (40%). Indigenous Fijian females contributed significantly more than Indo-Fijian females (c2=4.77; df=1; p=0.02). The majority of the authors (70.4%) were in the forties and fifties age groups. The staff from the Fiji School of Medicine (FSM) contributed only 12.9% to the total Fijian authorships. The remaining Fijian authors were affiliated with the Fiji Ministry of Health (MoH), the University of the South Pacific (USP) and other Fiji Government entities. The most researched areas were Non-communicable Diseases (13.4%), Infectious Diseases (11.4%), Health Services (10.4%), Nutrition and Dietetics (9.1%), and Mental Health (7.0%). The least researched areas were Cancer (2.3%), Gerontology (2.0%), Biochemistry (1.7%), Traumatology (1.7%) and Dermatology (1.3%). Only 31 (16.6%) out of 187 journals with papers about Fiji were available in the FSM Library. There was a significant increase of health publications over the studied period (r=0.502; 0.001<p<0.01), and, although the level of Fijian authorships was low, the proportion has been gradually increasing against declining non-Fijian authorships over time (r=0.32; 0.01<p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of expatriate dominance in health research in Fiji using MEDLINE publications as an approximation of research participation. Participatory discrepancies among local health professionals have been identified with possible contributing factors. The trend of papers published over the past 37 years; their availability, accessibility to local readers and their subjects relevance to country health priorities were documented. DISCUSSION: This study strongly suggests a need for participatory health research by the Fijians. It also emphasizes the ongoing demand for research capacity building and development among local health professionals. Among other discussions on the findings, attentions were drawn to considering for more rational research areas that are relevant to country health priorities.Keywords: Age, Analysis, Authorship, Availability, Building, Capacity, Capacity Building, Case-Control, Case-Control Studies, Cohort, Community, Country, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data, Database, Demand, Development, Driving, Evidence, Experts, First, Force, Health, Health Professionals, Health Research, Identification, Intervention, Interviews, Journals, Local, Methods, Objectives, Papers, Participation, Participatory, Practice, Publications, Randomized Controlled Trials, RCT, Relevance, Research, Surveys, TrendTitle: Paedagogica HistoricaFull Journal Title: Paedagogica HistoricaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Berrio, J.R., Rabazas, T. and Ramos, S. (2006), The reception of new education in Spain by means of manuals on the history of education for teacher training colleges (1898-1976). Paedagogica Historica, 42 (1-2), 127-141.Full Text: 2006\Pae His42, 127.pdfAbstract: The influence of the New Education Movement in Spain throughout the twentieth century is examined here because the reception of the educational ideas and the teaching practices of an avant-garde international movement are of inherent interest in the history of education. Among the many routes such an introduction might take, the authors will look in detail at the specific case of manuals on the history of education for teacher training colleges: given the lack of media and travel facilities of the time, such manuals were the principal - and at times the only - means of knowing of the existence and the importance of the New Education Movement for primary-school teachers, particularly during the first half of the twentieth century. Between 1898 and 1976, one can distinguish two significant periods, 1898-1939 and 1939-1976, and two different programmes in each of them. Two different types of history of education manuals within these periods were studied: principally, the textbooks written specifically on the subject by Spanish authors, almost all of whom were lecturers at teacher training colleges, but also manuals by foreign authors that had been translated into Spanish, a total of some 60 books. As some of them had second and third editions, more than 80 volumes were examined. First a straightforward bibliometric study was conducted to record the presence or absence of information related to the New Education Movement in each volume. Once these data had been gathered, the authors proceeded to a qualitative analysis. This approach was used in order to be faithful to the data and the way of thinking of the institutions represented. Also considered were the critique and the type experienced, the complete or incomplete conditions (taking into account, of course, the nature of the compendium of each manual), whether the author is strictly aware or not of the pedagogic and ideological influences of the book, of the capacity of synthesis in the presentation, of the half-truths, etc. It is concluded that Spanish primary school teachers, at least during their initial training, had to wait several decades before being informed of the New Education Movement. Moreover, for political and ideological reasons, the first information they received was negative and portrayed these innovations as opposed to sacred patriotic and religious values and the correct way to educate children. Only in the 1960s did this movement and the different viewpoints associated with to it became an official subject in the history of education.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Capacity, Children, Course, Education, History, Importance, Information, Institutions, Media, Movement, Qualitative, School, Spain, Synthesis, Teaching, Thinking, Training, TravelTitle: Paediatric AnaesthesiaFull Journal Title: Paediatric AnaesthesiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Nishina, K., Asano, M., Mikawa, K., Maekawa, N. and Obara, H. (1995), Accuracy of references in Pediatric Anesthesia. Pediatric Anesthesia, 5 (2), 142.Title: Paediatric and Perinatal EpidemiologyFull Journal Title: Paediatric and Perinatal EpidemiologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0269-5022Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Holly, E.A., Bracci, P.M., Hong, M.K., Mueller, B.A. and Preston-Martin, S. (2002), West Coast study of childhood brain tumours and maternal use of hair-colouring products. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 16 (3), 226-235.Abstract: The immature nervous system of the fetus is characterised by rapid cell growth and division and is particularly vulnerable to carcinogens and mutagens. Several epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk for childhood brain tumours (CBT) associated with exposure to N-nitroso compounds (NOC). Hair-colouring products (hair ‘dyes’) that contain NOC-related aromatic amines have shown mutagenicity in vitro and carcinogenic properties in vivo. The potential public health impact of the relationship between hair dye use and carcinogenesis has prompted epidemiological research, given that a large proportion of American women have used hair dyes.A large population-based case-control study was conducted on the west coast of the USA to investigate risk factors for CBT including exposure to NOC. Eligible CBT patients (<20 years of age and diagnosed between 1984 and 1991) were identified from cancer registries in Los Angeles County, the San Francisco Bay Area in California and the Seattle area in Washington state. A total of 540 biological mothers of these children were interviewed, and 801 control subjects who were frequency matched to the CBT patients on birth year and sex were obtained using random digit dialling. Mothers were asked details about personal use of hair dyes during the index pregnancy including frequency of use, trimester of use and type of dye used.Results from age- and sex-adjusted unconditional logistic regression analyses showed no association between risk for CBT and use of hair dyes 1 month before and/or during pregnancy nor during specific trimesters. A nearly twofold increased risk for CBT was associated with single-interval use during the 1 month before pregnancy, but the confidence interval (CI) was imprecise and the estimate was not different from unity (OR = 1.9, 95% CI [0.5, 7.0]). Exclusive use of permanent dye, temporary dye or hair darkeners was not associated with risk for CBT. A twofold increased risk (OR = 2.0, 95% CI [0.83, 4.7]) was observed with exclusive use of semi-permanent dye during the month before or during pregnancy. Exclusive use of semi-permanent dye during the month before pregnancy and/or first trimester also was associated with an elevated risk for CBT, again not different from unity and with an imprecise CI (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = [0.58, 10.3]). There was no evidence of an association between risk for CBT by histological subtypes and use of hair dyes during the index pregnancy or the month before conception. Together with results from previous studies, these results provide no consistent evidence of an association between risk for CBT and use of hair dyes during pregnancy.Keywords: South-Wales Children, Risk-Factors, Tobacco-Smoke, Tumors, Penetration, Exposures, Adults, Cancer, Women, Area? Chu, A.N., Heck, J.E., Ribeiro, K.B., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P., Buffler, P. and Hung, R.J. (2010), Wilms’ tumour: A systematic review of risk factors and meta-analysis. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 24 (5), 449-469.Abstract: P>Chu A, Heck JE, Ribeiro KB, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Buffler P, Hung RJ. Wilms’ tumour: A systematic review of risk factors and meta-analysis. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010. Wilms’ tumour comprises 95% of all renal cancers among children less than 15 years of age. The purpose of this review is to examine the existing literature on perinatal and environmental risk factors for Wilms’ tumour. A search for epidemiological studies that examined risk factors for Wilms’ tumour was undertaken in MEDLINE, LILACS, ISI Web of Science and Dissertation Abstracts. A total of 37 studies, including 14 cohort, 21 case-control and 2 case-cohort studies, were identified that examined environmental and perinatal risk factors. Most studies were from Western Europe and North America, and among case-control studies, 16 used randomly selected population-based controls. We observed a significantly increased risk of Wilms’ tumour with maternal exposure to pesticides prior to the child’s birth (OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.09, 1.73]), high birthweight (OR = 1.36 [95% CI 1.12, 1.64]) and preterm birth (OR = 1.44 [95% CI 1.14, 1.81]), although the results regarding pesticide exposure may be subject to publication bias (Egger’s test, P = 0.09). Further analyses to adjust for the heterogeneity in the results for high birthweight and preterm birth did not statistically change the significance of the results. Additionally, an increased though not statistically significant risk of Wilms’ tumour was associated with maternal hypertension (OR = 1.30 [95% CI 0.99, 1.72]), and, compared with the first born, being a second or later birth was associated with a significantly decreased risk (OR = 0.82 [95% CI 0.71, 0.95]). This review suggests a role for several perinatal and environmental risk factors in the aetiology of Wilms’ tumour.Keywords: Bias, Birthweight, Cancer-Risk, Case-Control, Case-Control Studies, Childhood Acute-Leukemia, Childhood Cancer, Children, Childrens Oncology Group, Environmental, Epidemiology, Epigenetics, Europe, Exposure, Fetal-Growth, Genetics, Gestational Age, Growth-Factor-II, High Birth-Weight, Hypertension, ISI, Literature, Maternal Hypertension, Maternal Pesticide Exposure, Meta-Analysis, Nephrogenic Rests, Parental Age, Parity, Paternal Occupational-Exposure, Perinatal, Promoter Methylation, Publication, Publication Bias, Review, Risk, Risk Factor, Risk Factors, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science, Wilms’ TumourTitle: Paediatrics & Child HealthFull Journal Title: Paediatrics & Child HealthISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Kulik, D.M., Gaetz, S., Crowe, C. and Ford-Jones, E. (2011), Homeless youth’s overwhelming health burden: A review of the literature. Paediatrics & Child Health, 16 (6), E43-E47.Abstract: Homelessness has reached epidemic proportions in Canada. Canadian children and adolescents are the most vulnerable because youth comprise the fastest growing segment of the homeless population. A systematic literature review was undertaken using MEDLINE, Web of Science and the Homeless Hub (homelesshub.ca) to encompass the time frame from January 1990 to June 2009. The following terms were used as key words: ‘homelessness’, ‘homeless youth’, ‘poverty’, ‘street youth’ and ‘runaway’. The present review identified an intersection among education deficits, social service insufficiencies, and poor mental and physical health in homeless youth. Health care delivery to homeless youth was often nonanticipatory, inconsistent and perceived as discriminatory. However, street youth were identified as requiring health care for pregnancy, mental health concerns, sexually transmitted illnesses, respiratory conditions, substance abuse and a myriad of other illnesses. Plenty of work is still required to reduce health inequalities and improve the daily living conditions of Canadian youth living in poverty.Keywords: Adolescents, Burden, Canada, Care, Children, Cohort, Education, Health, Health Care, Homeless, Homelessness, Injection-Drug Users, Literature, Literature Review, Medline, Mental Health, Mental-Health, Physical Health, Poverty, Pregnancy, Qualitative-Analysis, Respiratory, Review, Risk, Runaway Youth, Science, Social, Street Youth, Substance-Abuse Treatment, Systematic, Systematic Literature Review, Toronto Street Youth, Web of Science, Youth? Shah, V., Chirinian, N. and Lee, S. (2011), Does the use of glycerin laxatives decrease feeding intolerance in preterm infants? Paediatrics & Child Health, 16 (9), E68-E70.Full Text: 2011\Pae Chi Hea16, E68.pdfAbstract: BACKGROUND: Glycerin laxatives arc often prescribed in the neonatal population for meconium evacuation and to promote enteral feeding. However, the literature regarding their effectiveness has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of glycerin enema or suppository in preventing feeding intolerance in preterm infants at <= 32 weeks’ gestational age or weighing <= 1500 g at birth. METHODS: The Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies that evaluated glycerin enemas/suppositories for feeding intolerance. Using the Evidence Evaluation Worksheet adapted from the American Heart Association’s International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, eligible studies were scored for quality, level of evidence and direction of support. RESULTS: Two clinical studies that evaluated meconium evacuation and feeding intolerance were included. One study showed no difference in the time to complete meconium evacuation or establishment of full enteral feeds, while the other showed that the times to first meconium passage and full enteral feeding were significantly shorter, and the rate of sepsis was lower in the glycerin enema group. CONCLUSION: The evidence regarding the effectiveness of glycerin laxatives for improving feeding tolerance is inconclusive in infants at <= 32 weeks’ gestational age or weighing <= 1500 g at birth.Keywords: Birth-Weight Infants, Cochrane, Databases, Effectiveness, Enteral Nutrition, Evaluation, Feeding, Feeding Tolerance, Gestational Age, Glycerin Enema, Glycerin Suppository, Glycerol, Hormones, Human-Milk, Infants, Laxatives, Literature, Meconium Evacuation, Medline, Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Newborn Infant, Passage, Premature-Infants, Preterm, Science, Scopus, Sepsis, Strategies, Therapy, Web of ScienceTitle: PainFull Journal Title: PainISO Abbreviated Title: PainJCR Abbreviated Title: PainISSN: 0304-3959Issues/Year: 15Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Science BVPublisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Anesthesiology Clinical Neurology Neurosciences: Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Melzack, R. (1975), McGill pain questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods. Pain, 1 (3), 277-299.Full Text: 1960-80\Pain1, 277.pdfKeywords: Methods, PainNotes: highly cited? Melzack, R., Stillwell, D.M. and Fox, E.J. (1977), Trigger points and acupuncture points for pain - Correlations and implications. Pain, 3 (1), 3-23.Full Text: 1960-80\Pain3, 3.pdfAbstract: Trigger points associated with myofascial and visceral pains often lie within the areas of referred pain but many are located at a distance from them. Furthermore, brief, intense stimulation of trigger points frequently produces prolonged relief of pain. These properties of trigger points — their widespread distribution and the pain relief produced by stimulating them — resemble those of acupuncture points for the relief of pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between trigger points and acupuncture points for pain on the basis of two criteria: spatial distribution and the associated pain pattern. A remarkably high degree (71%) of correspondence was found. This close correlation suggests that trigger points and acupuncture points for pain, though discovered independently and labeled differently, represent the same phenomenon and can be explained in terms of the same underlying neural mechanisms. The mechanisms that play a role in the genesis of trigger points and possible underlying neural processes are discussed.Notes: highly cited? Hargreaves, K., Dubner, R., Brown, F., Flores, C. and Joris, J. (1988), A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia. Pain, 32 (1), 77-88.Full Text: 1988\Pain32, 77.pdfNotes: highly cited? Bennett, G.J. and Xie, Y.K. (1988), A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain, 33 (1), 87-107.Full Text: 1988\Pain33, 87.pdfKeywords: PainAtkinson, J.H., Slater, M.A., Williams, R.A., Zisook, S., Patterson, T.L., Grant, I., Wahlgren, D.R., Abramson, I. and Garfin, S.R. (1998), A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of nortriptyline for chronic low back pain. Pain, 76 (3), 287-296.Full Text: P\Pain76, 287.pdfAbstract: To assess the efficacy of nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, as an analgesic in chronic back pain without depression, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week trial in 78 men recruited from primary care and general orthopedic settings, who had chronic low back pain (pain at T-6 or below on a daily basis for 6 months or longer). of these 57 completed the trial; of the 21 who did nor complete, four were withdrawn because of adverse effects. The intervention consisted of inert placebo or nortriptyline titrated to within the therapeutic range for treating major depression (50-150 ng/ml). The main outcome endpoints were pain (Descriptor Differential Scale), disability (Sickness Impact Profile), health-related quality of life (Quality of Well-Being Scale), mood (Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety/Depression Rating Scales), and physician rated outcome (Clinical Global Impression). Reduction in pain intensity scores was significantly greater for participants randomized to nortriptyline (difference in mean change 1.68, 95%-0.001, CI-3.36, P = 0.050), with a reduction of pain by 22% compared to 9% on placebo. Reduction in disability marginally favored nortriptyline (P = 0.055), but health-related quality of life, mood, and physician ratings of overall outcome did not differ significantly between treatments. Subgroup analyses of study completers supported the intent-to-treat analysis. Also, completers with radicular pain on nortriptyline (n = 5) had significantly (P < 0.05) better analgesia and overall outcome than did those on placebo (n = 6). The results suggest noradrenergic mechanisms are relevant to analgesia in back pain. This modest reduction in pain intensity suggests that physicians should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of nortriptyline in chronic back pain without depression. (C) 1998 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.Keywords: Sickness Impact Profile, Descriptor Differential Scale, Tricyclic Anti-Depressants, Diabetic Neuropathy, Double-Blind, Postherpetic Neuralgia, Imipramine Treatment, Amitriptyline, Antidepressants, Desipramine, Antidepressants, Analgesia, Back Pain? Robert, C., Wilson, C.S., Donnadieu, S., Gaudy, J.F. and Arreto, C.D. (2008), Bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on pain research: A 2006 study. Pain, 138 (2), 250-254Full Text: 2008\Pain138, 250.pdfKeywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Care, Citation-Classics, Impact, Literature, Nations, Pain, Research, Scientific Literature, Trends, World? Dubner, R. (2009), A bibliometric analysis of the Pain journal as a representation of progress and trends in the field. Pain, 142 (1-2), 9-10.Full Text: 2009\Pain142, 9.pdfKeywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Field, Trends? Mogil, J.S., Simmonds, K. and Simmonds, M.J. (2009), Pain research from 1975 to 2007: A categorical and bibliometric meta-trend analysis of every Research Paper published in the journal, Pain. Pain, 142 (1-2), 48-58.Full Text: 2009\Pain142, 48.pdfAbstract: In an attempt to characterize the nature of pain research, every one of the 4525 Research Papers published in the journal, Pain, from its inception until the end of 2007, was examined by a single individual using a consistent set of criteria, and was coded for its essential features in four domains: the purpose of the study (e.g., characterization of a pain syndrome, evaluation of the role of a molecule), the subjects of the study (patients, human “normals”, animals), the pain states characterized or induced (clinical pain and experimental stimuli), and the dependent measures examined (e.g., behaviors, questionnaires, neural firing). For papers involving pain patients, the clinical conditions under study were coded as well. These categorical data were combined with bibliometric data obtained from citation databases. Together, the data allow an examination of 32-year trends in pain research, and comprise a data compendium fully searchable or sortable by any interested individual. (C) 2008 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Databases, Evaluation, Meta-Analysis, Pain Research, Research, Trend Analysis, Trends? Crombez, G., Beirens, K., Van Damme, S., Eccleston, C. and Fontaine, J. (2009), The unbearable lightness of somatisation: A systematic review of the concept of somatisation in empirical studies of pain. Pain, 145 (1-2), 31-35.Full Text: 2009\Pain145, 31.pdfAbstract: Somatisation is often invoked to explain pain and suffering in patients. Lipowski [34] defined somatisation as “a tendency to experience and communicate somatic distress and symptoms unaccounted for by pathological findings, to attribute them to physical illness, and to seek medical help for them” (p. 1359). His concept is widely accepted. This study investigated to what extent this conceptualisation is used in the empirical studies of pain. Studies were identified through searches from Web of Science, PUBMED and Psychinfo databases for the period from 1989 until 2007. Screening an initial set of 1020 articles resulted in 120 articles fulfilling inclusion criteria. One hundred and sixteen articles were retrieved and coded in terms of the conceptualisation of Lipowski [34]. All Studies had a measure of somatic symptoms, most often questionnaires. Whether the symptoms were unaccounted for by pathological findings was rarely investigated. No Study assessed whether the participants attributed the somatic complaints to physical illness. Most studies included patients seeking help in a clinical setting, but only one Study investigated whether patients were seeking help for the somatisation complaints. In conclusion, no study fulfilled the construct criteria as defined by Lipowski [34]. Most studies focus upon the extent and diversity of somatic complaints. We recommend that researchers who use self-report instruments do not use the term “somatisation” (even if the instrument is labeled as a “somatisation” scale), but use the term “multiple physical symptoms” instead. The Current operational use may unduly lead to a “psychologisation” of physical complaints. (C) 2009 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Chronic Widespread Pain, Current State, Databases, Distress, Fear-Avoidance, Lead, Medical, Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Multiple Physical Complaints, Musculoskeletal Pain, Pain, Physical Symptoms, Primary-Care, Questionnaires, Researchers, Review, Science, Screening, Self-Report, Somatic Symptoms, Somatisation, Somatoform Disorders, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Temporomandibular Disorders, Web of Science? Palermo, T.M., Eccleston, C., Lewandowski, A.S., Williams, A.C.D.C. and Morley, S. (2010), Randomized controlled trials of psychological therapies for management of chronic pain in children and adolescents: An updated meta-analytic review. Pain, 148 (3), 387-397.Full Text: 2010\Pain148, 387.pdfAbstract: The purpose of this meta-analytic review was to quantify the effects of psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain in youth. Specifically, in this review we updated previous systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials by including new trials, and by adding disability and emotional functioning to pain as treatment outcomes. Electronic searches of the Cochrane Register of Randomised Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PsycLIT, EMBASE, and the Social Sciences Citation Index were conducted from inception through August 2008. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed, and data extracted on the three primary outcomes of interest. Twenty-five trials including 1247 young people met inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analytic findings demonstrated a large positive effect of psychological intervention on pain reduction at immediate post-treatment and follow-up in youth with headache, abdominal pain, and fibromyalgia. Small and non-significant effects were found for improvements in disability and emotional functioning, although there were limited data on these outcomes available in the included studies. Omnibus cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy, and biofeedback all produced significant and positive effects on pain reduction. Studies directly comparing the effects of self-administered versus therapist-administered interventions found similar effects on pain reduction. Psychological therapies result in improvement in pain relief across several different pain conditions in children. Future trials are needed that incorporate non-pain outcome domains, that focus significant therapeutic content on reductions in disability, and that include extended follow-up to better understand maintenance of treatment effects. (c) 2009 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Biofeedback, Children, Chronic Headaches, Chronic Pain, Citation, Elsevier, Empirically Supported Treatments, International, Intervention, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Migraine, Pain, Pediatric Psychology, Positive, Primary, Psychological Therapies, Quality, Randomized Controlled Trials, Recommendations, Recurrent Abdominal-Pain, Relaxation, Review, Systematic Review, Treatment? Popescu, A., LeResche, L., Truelove, E.L. and Drangsholt, M.T. (2010), Gender differences in pain modulation by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls: A systematic review. Pain, 150 (2), 309-318.Full Text: 2010\Pain150, 309.pdfAbstract: Over the last decade, extensive research has demonstrated sex differences in pain perception and modulation. Several factors have been proposed to account for the differences observed between men and women, including pain modulation through diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). Studies investigating sex differences in DNIC have shown mixed results, with some reporting decreased DNIC effect in women compared with men, while others found no difference in DNIC between the sexes. Additional studies have investigated DNIC in both sexes without focusing on sex differences. This systematic review aimed to answer the following question: “In humans of reproductive age without chronic pain, are women more likely than men to have decreased Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls?” Relevant studies were identified by computerized searches of PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, Web of Science, PsycInfo and Cochrane (from January 1980 through February 2009). The search was limited to human studies with no language restriction. The initial search identified 718 titles and abstracts. Seventeen studies were included in the final stage and data regarding age and gender of participants, methodology and outcome measurements were extracted and analyzed. The majority of studies using pain report as the outcome found significantly more efficient DNIC in males than females (mean female/male ratio = 0.54). Studies evaluating pain thresholds and nociceptive flexion reflex indicated the opposite when simply averaged across studies; however, weighted analyses of threshold found more efficient DNIC in males. Gender differences in DNIC effect depend on both the experimental methodology and the modes of measurement of the effect. (C) 2010 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Cochrane, Conditioning Stimulation, Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls, Endogenous Analgesia, Ethnic-Differences, Gender, Gender Differences, General-Population, Healthy-Volunteers, Human, Humans, Measurement, Methodology, Muscle Pain, Outcome, Pain, Pain Modulation, Perception, Ratio, Research, Review, Science, Sex-Differences, Systematic, Systematic Review, Temporal Summation, Web of Science, Women? Han, J.S. (2011), Acupuncture analgesia: Areas of consensus and controversy. Pain, 152 (3), S41-S48.Full Text: 2011\Pain152, S41.pdfKeywords: Electrical Nerve-Stimulation, Cholecystokinin-Octapeptide CCK-8, High-Frequency Tens, Spinal-Cord, Electroacupuncture Analgesia, Postoperative Pain, Opioid Receptors, Hz Electroacupuncture, Knee Osteoarthritis, Sham AcupunctureTitle: Pain MedicineFull Journal Title: Pain MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Han, J.S. (2009), Acupuncture research is part of my life. Pain Medicine, 10 (4), 611-618.Full Text: 2009\Pai Med10, 611.pdfAbstract: Acupuncture has been used in China for more than 3,000 years. Although the clinical application of acupuncture is very popular, its mechanisms of action are still unclear. Beginning in the middle of the 20th century, a boost of research on acupuncture emerged in China, and I was one of the researchers involved in this episode. With the help of modern neuroscience, the mechanisms of acupuncture for pain management have been unraveled at least partly. This article describes my decision as a young medical graduate to devote my life to research on acupuncture and pain medicine; it has since been my life’s journey-one full of challenges and happiness, pitfalls and achievements.Keywords: Acupuncture, Pain, Drug Addiction, Different Frequencies, Electroacupuncture, Stimulation, Rats, Analgesia, RNA? Robert, C., Wilson, C.S., Donnadieu, S., Gaudy, J.F. and Arreto, C.D. (2010), Evolution of the scientific literature on pain from 1976 to 2007. Pain Medicine, 11 (5), 670-684.Full Text: 2010\Pai Med11, 670.pdfAbstract: Objective. This study traces the evolution of the scientific literature on pain published during the last 30+ years (1976-2007). Methods. Using the Web of Science (R), pain-focused journal articles from the Science Citation Index Expanded (TM) published in 1977, 1987, 1997, and 2007 were retrieved and analyzed. Results. The number of pain-related publications rose from 1,562 articles for 1976-77 to 9,159 PubMed for 2006-2007, with slow growth for the period 1976-1995, and rapid increases from 1995-2007. The analysis of contributing countries showed two major players, the United States and the UK; the doubling of the number of countries involved in pain research from 40 in 1977 to 82 in 2007; and the appearance in 2007 of The Netherlands, Turkey, China, and Brazil among the top-15 most prolific contributors. During the 30-year period, the number of journals publishing pain-related research increased nearly 2.5-fold (363 journals in 1977 vs 972 in 2007), including 14 new, international pain-focused journals since 2000. Additionally, while there were only two pain journals (Pain and Headache) in 1977, 15 pain-focused journals were indexed in 2007 with the result that 17 of the top-20 pain-focused journals in 2007 did not exist in 1977. Conclusion. The rapid evolution and explosion of pain research in the last 30+ years was reflected in substantial changes in the landscape of the contributing countries and in the scientific journals targeted by pain researchers.Keywords: Analgesia, Articles, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, China, Citation, European Guidelines, Evolution, Growth, Headache Research, Impact, International, Journal, Journal Analysis, Journals, Landscape, Literature, Netherlands, Pain, Publication, Publication Trend, Publications, Publishing, Receptor, Research, Researchers, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Journals, Scientific Literature, Trends, Turkey, UK, United States, Web of ScienceTitle: Pain Research & ManagementFull Journal Title: Pain Research & ManagementISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Teasell, R.W., McClure, J.A., Walton, D., Pretty, J., Salter, K., Meyer, M., Sequeira, K. and Death, B. (2010), A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder: Part 1-overview and summary. Pain Research & Management, 15 (5), 287-294.Abstract: Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) represents a significant public health problem, resulting in a substantial socioeconomic burden throughout the industrialized world, wherever costs are documented. While many treatments have been advocated for patients with WAD, scientific evidence of their effectiveness is often lacking. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the strength of evidence supporting various WAD therapies. Multiple databases (including Web of Science, ENCASE and PUBMED) were searched to identify all studies published from January 1980 through March 2009 that evaluated the effectiveness of any clearly defined treatment for acute (less than two weeks), subacute (two to 12 weeks) or chronic (longer than 12 weeks) WAD. The present article, the first in a five-part series, provides an overview of the review methodology as well as a summary and discussion of the review’s main findings. Eighty-three studies islet the inclusion criteria, 40 of which were randomized controlled trials. The majority of studies (n=47) evaluated treatments initiated in the chronic stage of the disorder, while 23 evaluated treatments for acute WAD and 13 assessed therapies for subacute WAD. Exercise and mobilization programs for acute and chronic WAD had the strongest supporting evidence, although many questions remain regarding the relative effectiveness of various protocols. At present, there is insufficient evidence to support any treatment for subacute WAD. For patients with chronic WAD who do not respond to conventional treatments, it appears that radiofrequency neurotomy may be the most effective treatment option. The present review found a relatively weak but growing research base on which one could make recommendations for patients at any stage of the WAD continuum. Further research is needed to determine which treatments are most effective at reducing the disabling symptoms associated with WAD.Keywords: Active Mobilization, Botulinum-Toxin-A, Burden, Controlled Clinical-Trial, Costs, Databases, Disorder, Double-Blind, Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Medicine, Exercise, Injury, Interventions, Methodology, Neck Pain, Neck Pain, Overview, Pedro Scale, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Prognostic-Factors, Public Health, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Review, Science, Strength, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Web of Science, Whiplash-Associated Disorder? Teasell, R.W., McClure, J.A., Walton, D., Pretty, J., Salter, K., Meyer, M., Sequeira, K. and Death, B. (2010), A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 2-interventions for acute WAD. Pain Research & Management, 15 (5), 295-304.Abstract: Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) represents a significant public health problem, resulting in substantial social and economic costs throughout the industrialized world. While many treatments have been advocated for patients with WAD, scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is often lacking. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the strength of evidence associated with various WAD therapies. Multiple databases (including Web of Science, EMBASE and PUBMED) were searched to identify all studies published from January 1980 through March 2009 that evaluated the effectiveness of any clearly defined treatment for acute (less than two weeks), subacute (two to 12 weeks) or chronic (more than 12 weeks) WAD. The present article, the second in a five-part series, evaluates the evidence for interventions initiated during the acute phase of WAD. Twenty-three studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified, 16 of which were randomized controlled trials with ‘fair’ overall methodological quality (median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 5.5). For the treatment of acute WAD, there was strong evidence to suggest that not only is immobilization with a soft collar ineffective, but it may actually impede recovery. Conversely, although exercise programs, active mobilization and advice to act as usual all appeared to improve recovery, it is not clear which of these interventions was the most effective. While there was also evidence supporting the use of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy and methylprednisolone infusion, the evidence was insufficient to establish the effectiveness of either of these treatments. Based on current evidence, activation-based therapy is recommended for the treatment of acute WAD; however, additional research is required to determine the relative effectiveness of various exercise/mobilization programs.Keywords: Active Mobilization, Acute Whiplash-Associated Disorder, Collar, Controlled-Trial, Costs, Database, Databases, Disorder, Early Mobilization, Economic Costs, Effectiveness, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine, Exercise, Injury, Interventions, Management, Neck Pain, Neck Pain, Physiotherapy, Prognostic-Factors, Public Health, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Research, Review, Science, Social, Sprains, Strength, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment, Web of Science, Whiplash-Associated Disorder? Teasell, R.W., McClure, J.A., Walton, D., Pretty, J., Salter, K., Meyer, M., Sequeira, K. and Death, B. (2010), A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 3-interventions for subacute WAD. Pain Research & Management, 15 (5), 305-312.Abstract: Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) represents a significant public health problem, resulting in substantial social and economic costs throughout the industrialized world. While many treatments have been advocated for patients with WAD, scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is often lacking. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the strength of evidence associated with various WAD therapies. Multiple databases (including Web of Science, EMBASE and PUBMED) were searched to identify all studies published from January 1980 through March 2009 that evaluated the effectiveness of any clearly defined treatment for acute (less than two weeks), subacute (two to 12 weeks) or chronic (longer than 12 weeks) WAD. The present article, the third in a five-part series, evaluates the evidence for interventions initiated during the subacute phase of WAD. Thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified, six of which were randomized controlled trials with ‘good’ overall methodology (median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 6). Although some evidence was identified to support the use of interdisciplinary interventions and chiropractic manipulation, the evidence was not strong for any of the evaluated treatments. There is a clear need for further research to evaluate interventions aimed at treating patients with subacute WAD because there are currently no interventions satisfactorily supported by the research literature.Keywords: Costs, Database, Databases, Disorder, Economic Costs, Effectiveness, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine, Exercise, Injury, Interventions, Literature, Management, Methodology, Model, Neck Pain, Physiotherapy, Prognostic-Factors, Public Health, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Rehabilitation, Research, Review, Science, Social, Strength, Subacute Whiplash-Associated Disorder, Systematic, Systematic Review, Task-Force, Treatment, Trial, Web of Science, Whiplash-Associated Disorder?Teasell, R.W., McClure, J.A., Walton, D., Pretty, J., Salter, K., Meyer, M., Sequeira, K. and Death, B. (2010), A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 4-noninvasive interventions for chronic WAD. Pain Research & Management, 15 (5), 313-322.Abstract: Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) represents a significant public health problem, resulting in substantial social and economic costs throughout the industrialized world. While many treatments have been advocated for patients with WAD, scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is often lacking. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the strength of evidence for various WAD therapies. Multiple databases (including Web of Science, EMBASE and PUBMED) were searched to identify all studies published from January 1980 through March 2009 that evaluated the effectiveness of any clearly defined treatment for acute (less than two weeks), subacute (two to 12 weeks) or chronic (longer than 12 weeks) WAD. The present article, the fourth in a five-part series, evaluates the evidence for noninvasive interventions initiated during the chronic phase of WAD. Twenty-two studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified, 12 of which were randomized controlled trials with ‘good’ overall methodological quality (median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 6). For the treatment of chronic WAD, there is evidence to suggest that exercise programs are effective in relieving whiplash-related pain, at least over the short term. While the majority of a subset of nine studies supported the effectiveness of interdisciplinary interventions, the two randomized controlled trials provided conflicting results. Finally, there was limited evidence, consisting of one supportive case series each, that both manual joint manipulation and myofeedback training may provide some benefit. Based on the available research, exercise programs were the most effective noninvasive treatment for patients with chronic WAD, although many questions remain regarding he relative effectiveness of various exercise regimens.Keywords: Case Series, Chronic Pain, Chronic Pain, Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorder, Costs, Database, Databases, Disability, Disorder, Economic Costs, Effectiveness, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine, Exercise, Exercise, Injury, Interventions, Joint, Life Satisfaction, Neck, Neck Pain, Occupants, Pain, Physiotherapy, Public Health, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Rehabilitation Program, Research, Review, Science, Sick-Leave, Social, Strength, Systematic, Systematic Review, Training, Treatment, Web of Science, Whiplash-Associated Disorder? Teasell, R.W., McClure, J.A., Walton, D., Pretty, J., Salter, K., Meyer, M., Sequeira, K. and Death, B. (2010), A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 5-surgical and injection-based interventions for chronic WAD. Pain Research & Management, 15 (5), 323-334.Abstract: Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) represents a significant public health problem, resulting in substantial social and economic costs throughout the industrialized world. While many treatments have been advocated for patients with WAD, scientific support regarding their effectiveness is often lacking. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the strength of evidence associated with various WAD therapies. Multiple databases (including Web of Science, EMBASE and PUBMED) were searched to identify all studies published from January 1980 through March 2009 that evaluated the effectiveness of any well-defined treatment for acute (less than two Weeks), subacute (two to 12 weeks) or chronic (inure than 12 weeks) WAD. The present article, the fifth in a five-part series, evaluates the evidence for surgical and injection-based interventions initiated during the chronic phase of WAD. Twenty-five studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria, six of which were randomized controlled trials with ‘good’ overall methodological quality (median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 7.5). For the treatment of chronic WAD, there was moderate evidence supporting radiofrequency neurotomy as an effective treatment for whiplash-related pain, although relief is not permanent. Sterile water injections have been demonstrated to be superior to saline injections; however, it is not clear whether this treatment is actually beneficial. There was evidence supporting a wide range of other interventions (eg, carpal tunnel decompression) with each of these evaluated by a single nonrandomized controlled trial. There is contradictory evidence regarding the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections, and cervical discectomy and fusion. The evidence is not yet strong enough to establish the effectiveness of any of these treatments; of all the invasive interventions for chronic WAD, radiofrequency neurotomy appears to be supported by the strongest evidence. Further research is required to determine the efficacy and the role of invasive interventions in the treatment of chronic WAD.Keywords: 2000-2010 Task-Force, Botulinum-Toxin-A, Chronic Pain, Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorder, Costs, Database, Databases, Disorder, Double-Blind, Economic Costs, Effectiveness, Efficacy, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine, Follow-Up, Injections, Interventions, Joint Pain, Neck Pain, Neck Pain, Pain, Percutaneous Radiofrequency Neurotomy, Physiotherapy, Public Health, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Research, Review, Science, Shoulder Pain, Social, Sterile Water Injections, Strength, Surgical, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Web of Science, Whiplash-Associated Disorder, Zygapophyseal-JointTitle: Pakistan Journal of Biological SciencesFull Journal Title: Pakistan Journal of Biological SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: Pak. J. Biol. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Naddafi, K., Nabizadeh, R. and Saeedi, R. (2005), Kinetics modeling of lead(II) and cadmium(II) biosorption from aqueous solutions by brown algae Sargassum sp. biomass. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8 (9), 1250-1255.Full Text: 2005\Pak J Bio Sci8, 1250.pdfAbstract: Biosorption kinetics of lead(II) and cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions by Sargassum sp. biomass were studied. Kinetic experiments were done in three initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ and fixed initial ratio of adsorbate to biosorbent in single component batch system. The heavy metals uptake was found to be rapid for all concentrations and reached to 88-96% of equilibrium capacity of biosorption in 15 min. Monitoring of pH in the kinetic experiments presented the simultaneous release of H+ with the uptake of Pb2+ and Cd2+, therefore ion exchange was confirmed to be one of the biosorption mechanisms. The experimental data were analyzed using four sorption kinetic models; the pseudo first-order (Langergren), pseudo second-order, saturation (mixed-order) and second-order rate equations. The pseudo second-order and saturation rate equations described the biosorption kinetics of Pb2+ and Cd2+ with high correlation coefficient (R2>0.99) and better than the other equations. Kinetic analysis presented a direct relationship between initial Pb2+ and Cd2+ concentrations and the rate of biosorption. The maximum uptake capacities of Sargassum sp. biomass for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were obtained 1.07 and 0.79 mM g-1, respectively.Title: Pakistan Journal of BotanyFull Journal Title: Pakistan Journal of BotanyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Javaid, A., Bajwa, R. and Javaid, A. (2010), Biosorption of heavy metals using a dead macro fungus Schizophyllum commune fries: Evaluation of equilibrium and kinetic models. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42 (3), 2105-2118.Full Text: 2010\Pak J Bot42, 2105.pdfAbstract: Biomass of a wood rotting fungus viz., Schizophyllum commune Fries was utilized for the treatment of electroplating wastewater that contained Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cr(VI) ions. Preliminary batch assays were conducted with synthetic pure metal-bearing solutions. Results obtained showed that among various parameters studied, solution pH between a range of 2.0-6.0 induced negligible uptake at pH < 3.5 and exhibited maximum at around 4.5-5.5 for Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, while for Cr(VI) ion the highest was evidenced at pH 2.0-2.5. The kinetics of all metal ions was fast and biosorption equilibrium was established in 1 hour with appropriateness of pseudo-second-order. A temperature change in the range of 15-45?C did not affect the biosorption capacity of the candidate fungus. The biosorption of metal ion increased on elevating initial metal ions concentrations (20-100 mg L-1) in the medium. The maximum biosorption capacity of fungus biomass was 9.0, 21.27, 4.83, 18.54 mg g-1 for Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and Cr(VI), respectively. The experimental data was best adjusted by Langmuir, Freundlich and modified Langmuir models. Biosorption assays conducted with actual electroplating effluents under pre-optimized conditions revealed efficiency of 72.01, 53.16, 7.08 and 19.87% for Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cr(VI) ions, respectively by candidate biomass.Keywords: Adsorption, Alginate, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cr(VI), Cu(II), Data, Detoxification, Efficiency, Effluents, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Fungus, Induced, Industrial Effluents, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetics, L1, Langmuir, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Models, Modified, Ni(II), pH, Phanerochaete-chrysosporium, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Solution, Solutions, Temperature, Treatment, Uptake, Wastewater, Wood, Zn(II), Zn(II) IonsTitle: Pakistan Journal of Medical SciencesFull Journal Title: Pakistan Journal of Medical SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Rokni, L., PourAhmad, A. and Rokni, M.B. (2010), A comparative analysis of writing scientific references manually and by using endnote bibliographic software. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 26 (1), 229-232.Full Text: 2010\Pak J Med Sci26, 229.pdfAbstract: By writing scientific paper, one gradually starts the academic career. Academic staff members, most often have no choice but to engage in scientific writing to fulfill the requirements for selection or promotion in their academic career. Those who do not find themselves competent enough to write, at times indulge in plagiarism. The present study was conducted to compare writing references for scientific paper manually and by using EndNote software, which is quite helpful for the authors. In this study time consumed in inserting twenty references in a paper mannually was compared with putting references using EndNote software.(version 9) In addition, the format of references was changed in different manners to find out the time required for making these changes. Comparison of time spent for inserting one reference or all references in both formats Vancouver and Harvard showed significant difference (P<0.001). The study showed that persuading the authors to use electronic software for writing references and scientific papers would significantly improve the quality of the manuscripts besides enlarging the scope of medical journalism.Keywords: Authors, Bibliographic, Endnote Software, Medical Journalism, Papers, Plagiarism, References, Scientific Writing, WritingTitle: Pakistan Journal of NutritionFull Journal Title: Pakistan Journal of NutritionISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Al-Rekabi, W.S., He, Q. and Wei, W.Q. (2007), Improvements in wastewater treatment technology. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6 (2), 104-110.Full Text: 2007\Pak J Nut6, 104.pdfTitle: Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology PalaeoecologyFull Journal Title: Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology PalaeoecologyISO Abbreviated Title: Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Palaeogeogr PalaeoclISSN: 0031-0182Issues/Year: 24Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Elsevier Science BVPublisher Address: Po Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Geography, Physical: Impact Factor 1.497, / (2002)Geosciences, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 1.497, / (2002)Paleontology: Impact Factor 1.497, / (2002)Marchioni, D., Kalkreuth, W., Utting, J. and Fowler, M. (1994), Petrographic, Palynological and Geochemical analyses of the hub and harbor seams, Sydney coalfield, nova-Scotia, Canada-Implications for Facies development. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 106 (1-4), 241-270.Full Text: P\Pal Pal Pal106, 241.pdfAbstract: Benched channel samples and continuous block samples of the Hub and Harbour seams from the Sydney Basin, Nova Scotia were studied to define the variations in petrography, geochemistry and palynology of the seams and to interpret the depositional environments of the precursor mires.Petrographic compositions of the seams are very similar with high vitrinite content, low inertinite, moderate liptinite and negligible clastic mineral content. Pyrite content is moderate. There is little variation in petrographic composition between benches in either seam. There are marked variations in petrographic compositions at the lithotype scale. Petrographic facies parameters indicate deposition of the bulk of both seams under fairly uniform conditions in relatively wet mires. Unusually wet or dry periods were rare.The palynological assemblages of both seams indicate a middle to late Westphalian D age. The common to abundant palynomorphs are derived from ‘arborescent’ and ‘herbaceous’ lycopsids, tree ferns and other ferns(?), and sphenopsids. The palynological assemblages support the petrographic interpretation of relatively wet mires. Cordaites pollen (Florinites) is rare, suggesting that there was little contribution from plants growing in dry or upland areas. The absence of the Densospore miospore phase, and the petrographic data, indicate there were no periods in which domed mires occurred.The distinctive dull bands occurring in the Hub and Harbour seams are characterised by low vitrinite contents, high inertinite content, high liptinite and common detrital minerals. Sporinite, showing varying degrees of degradation, is commonly highly concentrated in thin bands. The geochemistry is marked by much higher HI Values than normally reported for coals but other indices are typical for coals of this rank. The palynological assemblages of the dull bands are dominated by tree fern spores and other ferns(?) with only a minor contribution by sphenopsid spores. The dull bands were deposited during periods of inundation of mires. Relatively low mineral content indicates that the distributary channels which flooded the mires were quite distant from the depositional sites of the samples.Keywords: Coal-Swamp Vegetation, Morien Group, Basin, Petroleum, Geometry, GermanyGomez, B., Martín-Closas, C., Méon, H., Thévenard, F. and Barale, G. (2001), Plant taphonomy and palaeoecology in the lacustrine U?a delta (Late Barremian, Iberian Ranges, Spain). Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 170 (1-2), 133-148.Full Text: P\Pal Pal Pal170, 133.pdfAbstract: Plant cuticle compressions and sporomorphs were studied in coaly clays belonging to the Upper Barremian La Huerguina Formation in Una (South-western Iberian Ranges, Cuenca, Spain). Cuticle assemblages are extremely monotonous and formed by the genera Frenelopsis Schenk emend, Watson, Classostrobus Alvin et al. and Glenrosn Watson and Fisher. Sporomorphs are dominated by Classopollis Pflug emend. Srivastava. The genus Glenrosn is described for the first time in Europe. Sedimentological and taphonomical analyses show that these assemblages originated by fragmentation and size-selection during residence in the leaf-litter and by fluvial transport. Final deposition occurred in crevasse-splay, deltaic front and pro-deltaic environments. Our results indicate that the Una delta was fed almost exclusively by remains of cheirolepidiaceous conifers living in the upper deltaic plain of a lacustrine delta. A comparison with the flora found in the open lacustrine facies of Las Hoyas, which is laterally equivalent of the beds studied, shows that land-plant assemblages of Las Hoyas are more diverse. The parautochthonous matoniaceous tree-fern Weichselia reticulata dominated the lakeshore vegetation of Las Hoyas in contrast to the vegetation of the upper delta plain of Una, which was dominated by Frenelopsis. The habitats of Frenelopsis and Glenrosa from the Upper Barremian oligohaline basin of Una-Las Hoyas contrast with the habitats commonly hypothesized for both taxa in coastal marine environments or on saline edaphic profiles. In conclusion Frenelopsis appears to have a wider tolerance to salinities than previously thought and their adaptations to saline edaphic conditions should be considered species-specific rather than genus-specific. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B, V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Frenelopsis, Glenrosa, Taphonomy, Palaeoecology, Barremian, Iberian Ranges, English Wealden, Evolution, ConiferTitle: Palaeontographica Abteilung B-PalaophytologieFull Journal Title: Palaeontographica Abteilung B-PalaophytologieISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Gonzalez, F., Moreno, C. and Playford, G. (2010), Palaeopalynological plagiarism: A case involving the Devonian-Carboniferous of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, South Portuguese Zone. Palaeontographica Abteilung B-Palaophytologie, 283 (1-3), 1-4.Full Text: 2010\Pal Abt B-Pal283, 1.pdfKeywords: Plagiarism, SpainTitle: PalaeontologyFull Journal Title: PalaeontologyISO Abbreviated Title: PalaeontologyJCR Abbreviated Title: PalaeontologyISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Noè, L.F. and Batten, D.J. (2006), ‘Publish or perish’: The pitfalls of duplicate publication. Palaeontology, 49 (6), 1365-1367.Full Text: 2006\Palaeontology49, 1365.pdfAbstract: Duplication of previously published text or figures in the scientific literature without adequate citation is plagiarism or, in the case of an author’s own work, self-plagiarism. It breaches the ethical standards that are expected in science and threatens the integrity of scientific journals. Three examples of duplication are noted, one of which involves Palaeontology. Redundant publication lowers the quality of scientific literature, damages the good standing of journals, and reduces the intellectual impact of a study. Multiple papers on a particular theme are only acceptable if each builds significantly upon previous work and contains only as much background information as necessary to put the new data and observations into perspective.Keywords: Plagiarism, Self-Plagiarism, Publication Ethics, Palaeontology, Deccan Intertrappean Beds, Cold-Water Assemblage, Fern Acrostichum l., Redundant Publications, Scientific Misconduct, Marine Reptiles, High-Latitude, Plagiarism, Journals, AustraliaTitle: PalaiosFull Journal Title: PalaiosISO Abbreviated Title: PalaiosJCR Abbreviated Title: PalaiosISSN: 0883-1351Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Sepm-Soc Sedimentary GeologyPublisher Address: 6128 East 38th St, Ste 308, Tulsa, OK 74135-5814Subject Categories: Geology: Impact Factor 1.084, / (2002)Paleontology: Impact Factor 1.084, / (2002)? Willard, D.A. and Phillips, T.L. (1993), Paleobotany and Palynology of the Bristol hill coal member (bond formation) and Friendsville coal member (Mattoon formation) of the Illinois basin (upper Pennsylvanian). Palaios, 8 (6), 574-586.Abstract: Late Pennsylvanian coal swamps of the Illinois Basin were dominated by Psaronius tree ferns with a spatially heterogeneous distribution of medullosan pteridosperms (subdominant), calamites, sigillarian lycopsids, and cordaites. Miospore and coal-ball plant assemblages from the Missourian-age Bristol Hill Coal Member (Bond Formation) and Friendsville Coal Member (Mattoon Formation) of southeastern Illinois were quantified to analyze vegetational patterns in Late Pennsylvanian peat swamps and to compare vegetational composition of the coals. In the Bristol Hill Coal (95 coal balls, 2613 cm2 coal-ball peels), tree ferns are dominant (75.6%), followed by pteridosperms (11.5%), lycopsids (10.6%), sphenopsids (0.6%), small ferns (1.6%), and cordaites (0.1%). Coal-ball peats from the Friendsville Coal (719 coal balls, 26, 659 CM2 coal-ball peels) also are dominated by tree ferns (74.9%), followed by pteridosperms (15.4%), cordaites (6.6%), sphenopsids (2.5%), lycopsids (0.4%), and small ferns (0.2%). Tree-fern spores were the most abundant element in miospore assemblages from both coals, but the coals differ in relative abundance of tree-fern species. Bristol Hill samples are distinguished by abundant Speciosporites minutus (46%) and Cyclogranisporites (12%), whereas Friendsville samples incorporated more Punctatisporites minutus (27%) and Apiculatisporis saetiger (23%). Estimates of vegetational abundance from the coal-ball and miospore records were compared using ratios of percent abundance of miospore species to source plant abundance in the coal-ball record (R-values). In both coals, tree ferns are evenly represented in both micro-and megafossil records (R = 0.8-1.2), and pteridosperms are represented poorly (R < 0.02). Small ferns are over-represented in the miospore record (R = 12-32), and values for lycopsids and cordaites are quite variable (R = 0.6-3.4 and R = 0.03-6.5, respectively). Three-dimensional sampling over a 20 M2 area (profiles collected from adjacent 1 M2 grids) of a large coal-ball mass in the Friendsville Coal indicates the need for extensive collections of laterally separate profiles in the Upper Pennsylvanian. Large diameter (up to 1 m) Psaronius trunks and fallen trees, such as calamites, may markedly bias estimates of biomass composition because of size and varied distribution of such large plants.Keywords: Swamp Vegetation, Peat-Swamp, USA, Paleoecology, Patterns, Plants, Kentucky? Arens, N.C. (1997), Responses of leaf anatomy to light environment in the tree fern Cyathea caracasana (Cyatheaceae) and its application to some ancient seed ferns. Palaios, 12 (1), 84-94.Abstract: The ecological interpretation of extinct plants requires that function-based ecological analogy be made between extant and extinct organisms. Particularly for non-angiosperns, such analogy has been reluctantly assumed. Using a non-angiosperm model, this study identifies a specific suite of characters that can be used to interpret light environments for ancient plants; The tree fern Cyathea caracasana is used as a living model because it offers structural and architectural analogy with ancient tree ferns and some Paleozoic free-standing arborescent pteridosperms. A variety of leaf anatomical and morphological measurements were made on 34 individuals growing in secondary forest and abandoned pasture at Reserva Natural La Planada, Narino, Colombia. Leaf characters were correlated with site-light conditions quantified from hemispherical photographs. Spearman correlation coefficients show that blade size, petiole length, and palisade/spongy mesophyll ratio are well correlated with light environment. Significant relationships ps were also observed in frond surface area, thickness of ultimate segment, epidermis thickness, and hypodermis thickness. Although some features may be influenced by nutrient and water status, a well-developed palisade layer and thick hypodermis are specific indicators of light environment that vary plastically in Cyathea caracasana. These data can be used to refine ecological interpretations of extinct foliage; Alethopteris-and Neuropteris-type medullosan pteridosperms of the Middle Pennsylvanian (Westphalian) of Euramerica provide an illustrative example.Keywords: Gas-Exchange, Phenotypic Plasticity, Optical-Properties, Shade Plants, Leaves, Photosynthesis, Temperature, Sun, Euramerica, MorphologyTitle: Paleontological JournalFull Journal Title: Paleontological JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Leonova, T.B. (2010), Changed number of the collection of Permian ammonoids from Novaya Zemlya housed in the cited collection repository of the Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. Paleontological Journal, 44 (3), 356.Full Text: 2010\Pal J44, 356.pdfTitle: Palliative MedicineFull Journal Title: Palliative MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0269-2163Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Ingleton, C., Payne, S., Nolan, M. and Carey, I. (2003), Respite in palliative care: A review and discussion of the literature. Palliative Medicine, 17 (7), 567-575.Full Text: 2003\Pal Med17, 567.pdfAbstract: Family caregivers, who are patients` relatives and friends (hereafter called carers), play a significant and arguably most important role in enabling patients to make choices about their place of care during advanced disease and in the terminal phase. Relatively little attention has been directed towards identifying the needs of carers who find themselves in this position and what interventions (if any) might best support them in continuing to provide care to the patient during the illness and dying trajectory. What evidence there is suggests that while some aspects of caring are looked on positively, carers also experience challenges in maintaining their physical and psychological health and their social and financial wellbeing. One common recommendation is that respite facilities be provided. The purpose of this paper is to consider the definitions and assumptions that underpin the term ‘respite’ and its impact on the physical, psychological and social outcomes of carers in palliative care contexts. We conducted a review of the literature, which involved searching five electronic databases: Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINHAHL, Cochrane Database System Review and Social Sciences Citation Index. The search identified 260 papers, of which 28 related directly to adult respite care in specialist palliative care. These papers were largely concerned with descriptive accounts of respite programmes, guidance on referral criteria to respite services or were evaluating the effects of respite on the patient rather than the impact on the carer. We did not identify any empirical studies assessing the effects of respite provided by specialist palliative care services on carer outcomes. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the efficacy of offering respite care to support carers of patients with advanced disease. We, therefore, draw on the wider literature on carers of adults with chronic disease to consider the impact of respite services and offer suggestions for further research.Keywords: Adult, Assessing, Assumptions, Care, Caregivers, Caring, Chronic, Chronic Disease, Criteria, Databases, Disease, Dying, Efficacy, Empirical Studies, Evidence, Experience, Facilities, Guidance, Health, Impact, Interventions, Literature, Needs, Outcomes, Palliative Care, Papers, Patients, Physical, Programmes, Purpose, Research, Review, Role, Services, Social, Support, Term, Trajectory, Web of Science? Bingley, A.F., McDermott, E., Thomas, C., Payne, S., Seymour, J.E. and Clark, D. (2006), Making sense of dying: A review of narratives written since 1950 by people facing death from cancer and other diseases. Palliative Medicine, 20 (3), 183-195.Full Text: 2006\Pal Med20, 183.pdfAbstract: This article reviews a sample of narratives written since 1950 by people knowingly facing death as a result of cancer and other diseases, in order to compare experiences and show how these relate to wider changes in practice in end of life care. Methods: A bibliographic search of libraries, archives, journals and internet sources located English spoken literature, including books, poems, newspapers, journal articles, diaries, and internet postings of writings by people facing terminal disease. Bibliometric and qualitative content analysis explored changing authorship, experiences, purpose in writing, and reported the impact on readers. Results: The initial search located a wide range of published and unpublished narratives, to which inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, yielding 148 narratives by different authors since 1950. A purposive sub-sample of 63 of these narratives was reviewed. Discussion: Over the last half century there have been changes in both the volume of available literature and patterns of writing about end of life experience. Therapeutic benefits of writing are reported as a way of making sense of dying combined with a strong sense of purpose in sharing the story. There is a clear awareness of social needs when dying, along with issues of communication with medical staff, symptom control, realities of suffering, and spiritual aspects of dying. Differences are found in the nature and style of writing about cancer in comparison to other illnesses.Keywords: Analysis, Authorship, Awareness, Cancer, Communication, Content Analysis, Control, Disease, Diseases, End-of-Life, Facing Death, Illnesses, Impact, Internet, Libraries, Life, Medical, Narratives, Patient Experience, Practice, Qualitative, Range, Review, Reviews, Social, Sources? Centeno, C., Clark, D., Lynch, T., Rocafort, J., Praill, D., De Lima, L., Greenwood, A., Flores, L.A., Brasch, S. and Giordano, A. (2007), Facts and indicators on palliative care development in 52 countries of the WHO European region: Results of an EAPC task force. Palliative Medicine, 21 (6), 463-471.Full Text: 2007\Pal Med21, 463.pdfAbstract: The European Association for Palliative Care Task (EAPC) Force on the Development of Palliative Care in Europe was created in 2003 and the results of its work are now being reported in full, both here and in several other publications. The objective of the Task Force is to assess the degree of palliative care development in the European Region as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The Task Force is a collaboration between EAPC, the International Observatory on End of Life Care, Help the Hospices and the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care. The University of Navarra have collaborated in the dissemination of results and is involved in further developments of this group. Four studies, each with different working methods, made up the study protocol: a literature review, a review of all the existing palliative care directories in Europe, a qualitative ‘Eurobarometer’ survey and a quantitative ‘Facts Questionnaire’ survey. The work of the Task Force covers the entire WHO European Region of 52 countries. In this article we present a comparative study on the development of palliative care in Europe, drawing on all four elements of the study. Different models of service delivery have been developed and implemented throughout the countries of Europe. For example, in addition to the UK, the countries of Germany, Austria, Poland and Italy have a well-developed and extensive network of hospices. The model for mobile teams or hospital support teams has been adopted in a number of countries, most notably in France. Day Centres are a development that is characteristic of the UK with hundreds of these services currently in operation. The number of beds per million inhabitants ranges between 45-75 beds in the most advanced European countries, to only a few beds in others. Estimates on the number of physicians working full time in palliative care are shown. The countries with the highest development of palliative care in their respective subregions as measured in terms of ratio of services per one million inhabitants are: Western Europe - UK (15); Central and Eastern Europe - Poland (9); Commonwealth of Independent States - Armenia (8). This paper also presents indicators on the development of palliative care based on the bibliometric analysis of scientific journals and on the vitality of the palliative care movement in each country.Keywords: Analysis, Austria, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Care, Central and Eastern Europe, Collaboration, Comparative Study, Country, Delivery, Development, Eastern Europe, Europe, Force, France, Germany, Hospices, Hospital, Indicators, Italy, Journals, Literature, Literature Review, Methods, Mobile, Model, Models, Movement, Network, Operation, Palliative Care, Physicians, Publications, Qualitative, Review, Scientific Journals, Service, Services, Support, Survey, UK, Work, World Health Organization? Payne, S.A. and Turner, J.M. (2008), Research methodologies in palliative care: A bibliometric analysis. Palliative Medicine, 22 (4), 336-342.Full Text: 2008\Pal Med22, 336.pdfAbstract: The aspiration to design and conduct high-quality research in palliative care has been an important but elusive goal. The article evaluates the nature of research methodologies presented in published research within the broad remit of palliative care. A systematic search of the MEDLINE database between 1997 and 2006, using the keywords ‘palliative care’ or ‘end-of-life care’ and ‘research methodology’, identified over 318 publications. A bibliometric analysis indicates an incremental increase in published outputs per year, from 27 countries, with articles widely distributed across 108 journals. The heterogeneity of the research methodologies and the journals publishing them, present challenges in defining what constitutes ‘high quality’. We argue that although this diversity leads to a lack of coherence for a single disciplinary paradigm for palliative care, there is a greater acknowledgement of the differing epistemological and theoretical frameworks used by researchers. This could be regarded as enriching our understanding of what it means to be dying in contemporary society.Keywords: Analysis, Aspiration, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Care, Database, Design, Distributed, Diversity, Dying, End of Life, End-of-Life Care, Heterogeneity, Journals, Methodologies, Methodology, Palliative Care, Paradigm, Publications, Publishing, Qualitative Research, Quality, Research, Research Design, Research Methodologies, Society, Understanding? Bell, C.L., Somogyi-Zalud, E. and Masaki, K.H. (2009), Methodological review: Measured and reported congruence between preferred and actual place of death. Palliative Medicine, 23 (6), 482-490.Full Text: 2009\Pal Med23, 482.pdfAbstract: Congruence between preferred and actual place of death is an important palliative care outcome reported in the literature. We examined methods of measuring and reporting congruence to highlight variations impairing cross-study comparisons. MEDLINE, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched for clinical research studies examining patient preference and congruence as an outcome. Data were extracted into a matrix, including purpose, reported congruence, and method for eliciting preference. Studies were graded for quality. Using tables of preferred versus actual places of death, an overall congruence (total met preferences out of total preferences) and a kappa statistic of agreement were determined for each study. Twelve studies were identified. Percentage of congruence was reported using four different definitions. Ten studies provided a table or partial table of preferred versus actual deaths for each place. Three studies provided kappa statistics. No study achieved better than moderate agreement when analysed using kappa statistics. A study which elicited ideal preference reported the lowest agreement, while longitudinal studies reporting final preferred place of death yielded the highest agreement (moderate agreement). Two other studies of select populations also yielded moderate agreement. There is marked variation in methods of eliciting and reporting congruence, even among studies focused on congruence as an outcome. Cross-study comparison would be enhanced by the use of similar questions to elicit preference, tables of preferred versus actual places of death, and kappa statistics of agreement. Palliative Medicine (2009); 23: 482-490.Keywords: Clinical Research, Decision-Making, Definitions, Determinants, Die, End, Home, Hospice Care, Ill Cancer-Patients, Life, Literature, Longitudinal Studies, Methodological Review, Outcome, Palliative Care, Palliative Care, Place of Death, Preferences, Research, Review, Science, Statistics, Terminal Care, Terminally-Ill, Web of Science? McLean, S., Ryan, K. and O’Donnell, J.S. (2010), Primary thromboprophylaxis in the palliative care setting: A qualitative systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 24 (4), 386-395.Full Text: 2010\Pal Med24, 386.pdfAbstract: Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs in 15% of patients with advanced malignancy. Primary thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is supported by Level 1A evidence but is under-utilized in the palliative setting. A systematic search was performed of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, AMED, and Web of Science for papers published between 1960 and January 2010 using search terms: ‘palliative’, ‘thromboprophylaxis’, ‘thromboembolism’, ‘heparin’, and ‘advanced cancer’. Forty-two citations were obtained, of which 34 were excluded as they dealt with treatment of VTE, novel anticoagulants, or LMWH as a cancer treatment. Eight original articles were reviewed independently by two authors. Data was extracted according to a predetermined questionnaire. Studies examined practice in specialist palliative care (SPC) units, and attitudes held by a total of 32 physicians and 198 patients. Patients find LMWH acceptable, particularly patients who experienced a sudden decline in performance status. Reluctance to prescribe LMWH is based on physicians’ concerns regarding negative impact on quality of life, and lack of evidence specific to the palliative care setting. In conclusion, LMWH prophylaxis should be implemented in patients with a previously good performance status who have a transiently increased risk of VTE and no contraindications. Further research is required using outcome measures specific to palliative care.Keywords: Advanced Cancer, Advanced Cancer, Anticoagulants, Anticoagulation, Authors, Cancer, Citations, Coagulation, Cochrane, Deep Venous Thrombosis, Embase, Heparin, Impact, Low-Molecular-Weight, Malignancy, Molecular-Weight Heparin, Oncology, Outcome, Palliative, Palliative Care, Papers, Physicians, Practice, Prevention, Primary, Primary Thromboprophylaxis, Quality of Life, Questionnaire, Research, Review, Risk, Science, Specialist Palliative Care, Systematic, Systematic Review, Thromboembolism, Thromboembolism, Treatment, Web of Science? Cummings, G., Biondo, P.D., Campbell, D., Stiles, C., Fainsinger, R., Muise, M. and Hagen, N. (2011), Can the global uptake of palliative care innovations be improved? Insights from a bibliometric analysis of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System. Palliative Medicine, 25 (1), 71-82.Full Text: 2011\Pal Med25, 71.pdfAbstract: Clinical research is undertaken to improve care for palliative patients, but little is known about how to support the broad uptake of resultant innovations. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) explore the uptake of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System throughout the global palliative care community through the lens of a bibliometric review - a research method that maps out the journey of new knowledge uptake by evaluating where key articles are cited in published literature; (2) construct hypotheses on attributes of the global community of palliative care learners; and (3) make inferences on approaches that could improve knowledge transfer. While preliminary, results of the study suggest several specific approaches that could support widespread uptake of innovations in palliative care: targeting publication in high impact, international journals; explicitly focusing on how the innovation is applied to best practice; encouraging additional research to expand on early studies; consciously targeting key professional groups and organizations to promote discussion in the grey literature; and early translation and promotion within multiple languages.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Methods, Cancer-Patients, Care, Community, Diffusion of Innovation, Experience, Impact, Innovation, International, Journals, Knowledge, Knowledge Transfer, Languages, Life, Literature, Palliative Care, Patients, Practice, Promotion, Publication, Research, Research Method, Review, Scale, Support, Symptom Management, Targeting, Translation, Uptake? Belanger, E., Rodriguez, C. and Groleau, D. (2011), Shared decision-making in palliative care: A systematic mixed studies review using narrative synthesis. Palliative Medicine, 25 (3), 242-261.Full Text: 2011\Pal Med25, 242.pdfAbstract: The aim of this study is to synthesize knowledge about the process of shared decision-making (SDM) in palliative care. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Web of Science were searched with core concepts: shared decisions, patient participation in decision-making, and palliative care. Titles and abstracts were screened according to inclusion criteria (original research, adult patients, Western contexts, decision-making, palliative treatment or setting), yielding 37 articles for analysis. A narrative synthesis was created using the methods of thematic analysis, conceptual mapping, and critical reflection on the synthesis process. Results demonstrate that while a majority of patients want to participate in treatment decisions to some extent, most do not achieve their preferred levels of involvement because decisions are delayed and alternative treatment options are seldom discussed. The literature regarding the process of SDM itself remains scarce in palliative care. Further research is needed in order to better understand the longitudinal, interactive, and interdisciplinary process of decision-making in palliative care.Keywords: Adult, Advanced Cancer, Analysis, Chemotherapy, Decision Making, Decision-Making, Embase, End, Hospice Care, Involvement, Knowledge, Literature, Mapping, Mixed Methods, Of-Life Communication, Palliative, Palliative Care, Patient Participation, Perceptions, Preferences, Radiation-Therapy, Research, Review, Science, Shared Decision Making, Shared Decision-Making, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Treatment Intent, Web of ScienceTitle: PancreasFull Journal Title: PancreasISO Abbreviated Title: PancreasJCR Abbreviated Title: PancreasISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Bai, Y., Gao, F., Gao, J., Zou, D.W. and Li, Z.S. (2009), Prophylactic antibiotics cannot prevent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced cholangitis a meta-analysis. Pancreas, 38 (2), 126-130.Full Text: 2009\Pancreas38, 126.pdfAbstract: Objectives: To determine the prophylactic effect of antibiotics on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) cholangitis or sepsis reduction in randomized controlled trials. Methods: Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index updated to June 2007 were searched. Main outcome measure was post-ERCP cholangitis or sepsis. Results: Seven trials were identified, and a total of 1389 patients were included; post-ERCP cholangitis occurred in 5.8% of controls (41/705) versus 3.4% of treated patients (23/684), without statistical significance (relative risk [RR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-1.55). Subsequent sensitivity analysis on trials mainly targeted at patients with suspicious biliary obstruction showed that the incidences of post-ERCP cholangitis were 2.8% (12/425) and 5.4% (24/441) in the antibiotics and control groups, respectively, and this sensitivity analysis did not support antibiotics’ preventive effect (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.03-3.32). Another sensitivity analysis exclusively including trials with intravenous route of antibiotics administration also failed to confirm the prophylactic effect of antibiotics (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.18-1.60). Conclusions: Antibiotics cannot significantly prevent ERCP-induced cholangitis in unselected patients and should not be routinely recommended. Yet, more trials including patients with predicted incomplete biliary drainage are still required to prove the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in this setting.Keywords: Antibiotics, Biliary Obstruction, Ciprofloxacin, Citation, Databases, ERCP, ERCP-Induced Cholangitis, Guidelines, High-Risk, Infectious Complications, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Science, Science Citation Index, Sphincterotomy? Chen, S.Y., Shi, H., Zou, X.P. and Luo, H.S. (2010), Role of ulinastatin in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: The emperor’s new clothes or aladdin’s magic lamp? Pancreas, 39 (8), 1231-1237.Full Text: 2010\Pancreas39, 1231.pdfAbstract: Objectives: The role of prophylactic ulinastatin in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis is debated. A meta-analysis of all published randomized clinical trials was performed to evaluate the efficacy of ulinastatin on post-ERCP pancreatitis. Methods: Searches were conducted in multiple databases composed of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Science Citation Index Expanded, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure series full-text database. Primary outcome was post-ERCP pancreatitis, with or without hyperamylasemia. Results: Seven randomized clinical trials fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for meta-analysis, 5 comparing ulinastatin with placebo and 2 for ulinastatin versus gabexate. The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis was reduced by ulinastatin (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.89; P = 0.02; test for heterogeneity: I-2 = 0%; P = 0.51), so was the event of hyperamylasemia (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.59; P < 0.00001; test for heterogeneity: I-2 = 13%; P = 0.33). Subsequent sensitivity and subgroup analyses produced conflicting results. Conclusions: Ulinastatin shows to be of value on preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia for patients in average risk, when given intravenously at a dose of not less than 150,000 U, just before ERCP. More high-quality trials are needed for further confirmation.Keywords: Cannulation, China, Citation, Confidence Interval, Database, Databases, Double-Blind, Embase, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, Ercp, Ercp Pancreatitis, Gabexate, High-Risk Patients, Hyperamylasemia, Knowledge, Meta-Analysis, Metaanalysis, Multicenter, Pancreatitis, Pubmed, Randomized-Trial, Science, Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded, UlinastatinTitle: PancreatologyFull Journal Title: PancreatologyISO Abbreviated Title: PancreatologyJCR Abbreviated Title: PancreatologyISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Garcea, G., Dennison, A.R., Steward, W.P. and Berry, D.P. (2005), Role of inflammation in pancreatic carcinogenesis and the implications for future therapy. Pancreatology, 5 (6), 514-529.Abstract: Background: The link between inflammation and pancreatic cancer has been observed for a number of gastrointestinal neoplasms. This review examines the role of inflammation in pancreatic carcinogenesis and how it can be utilised to develop new therapies against pancreatic cancer. Methods: A literature review of PUBMED, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases was undertaken using the key words, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, inducible nitric oxide, interleukins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2, NF-kappa B, reactive oxygen species, DNA adducts, lipoxygenases, chemoprevention. Results: Epidemiological evidence and molecular studies both in vitro and in vivo all support the hypothesis that inflammation plays an important in the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumours. Conclusion: Sustained damage caused by chronic inflammation may precede the onset of frank malignancy by a significant interval. As such, suppression of inflammatory changes and oxidative damage, may help delay or even prevent the inception of pancreatic neoplasia. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel and IAP.Keywords: Alpha-Induced Apoptosis, Cancer, Carcinogenesis, Carcinoma Cell-Lines, Chemoprevention, Copyright, Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 Expression, Cyclooxygenase-2, Databases, Dna, Dna Adducts, Endothelial Growth-Factor, Gastrointestinal, In Vivo, Inducible Nitric Oxide, Interleukins, Lipoxygenases, Literature, Literature Review, Malignancy, Manganese Superoxide-Dismutase, Methods, Molecular, Neoplasia, Neoplasms, Nf-Kappa B, Nf-Kappa-B, Nitric-Oxide Synthase, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, Pancreatic Cancer, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Prostate-Cancer Cells, Reactive Oxygen Species, Review, Science, Therapy, Tumor-Necrosis-Factor, Tumours, Web of Science? Doucas, H., Garcea, G., Neal, C.P., Manson, M.M. and Berry, D.P. (2006), Chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer: A review of the molecular pathways involved, and evidence for the potential for chemoprevention. Pancreatology, 6 (5), 429-439.Abstract: Background: Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis. The use of drugs or natural agents which inhibit or slow down tumour growth therefore has important potential in the development of future therapies. Methods: A literature search of the PUBMED and ISI Web of Science databases was undertaken to review the current data available on the alterations in signalling pathways found in pancreatic carcinogenesis, in order to identify sites that could be targeted by chemopreventive agents. Several agents of particular relevance to pancreatic cancer were identified, and their possible mechanisms of action reviewed. Results: Chemopreventive agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, green tea constituents, and antioxidants have been shown to target various steps in intracellular signalling pathways, particularly those controlling cell proliferation and survival. Work on cell lines and animal models has shown that some of these agents may be able to modulate the growth of pancreatic tumours. Initial clinical trials of some chemopreventives in pancreatic cancer have been undertaken, and have yielded mixed results, prompting the need for further studies. Conclusion: As the molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer becomes better understood, sites of action of chemopreventive substances have been uncovered. Several agents have shown promising results by their ability to inhibit pancreatic carcinogenesis in laboratory studies. If these effects can be successfully translated into human studies then these agents may prove to be valuable adjuvant therapies in the future. Copyright (C) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel and IAP.Keywords: Azaserine-Treated Rats, Cancer, Carcinogenesis, Carcinoma-Cell-Lines, Chemoprevention, Clinical Trials, Copyright, Cox-2, Cyclin D1, Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression, Databases, Development, Drugs, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Green Tea, Human, ISI, Literature, Methods, Molecular, Nf-Kappa-B, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, Nsaids, Pancreatic Cancer, Pathology, Perillyl Alcohol, Phase-II Trial, Polyphenols, Prognosis, Pubmed, Review, Science, Signalling, Survival, Tumours, Web of ScienceTitle: Papua New Guinea Medical Journal(Papua New Guinea Med.; PNG Med. J.)Full Journal Title: Papua New Guinea Medical JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Duncan, L.E. and Bukenya, G.B. (1995), Investigation of an outbreak of typhoid fever in two settlements near Port Moresby. Papua New Guinea Medical Journal, 38 (1), 27-35.Abstract: From November 1985 to February 1986 two unplanned settlements near Port Moresby experienced a small person-to-person outbreak of typhoid fever, which included one death. Investigation showed that of the 20 individuals who were diagnosed as either ill, culture positive or a carrier, 15 were related by blood, marriage or through shared living quarters. The remaining 5 lived in the same house, but were not related to the larger group. Drinking water was contaminated with coliforms, but was not implicated. The outbreak resolved with no additional cases after February 1986. Outbreaks of this nature highlight the need for continuing public health education for local health officers in contact tracing, field testing and transportation of specimens, and epidemiological skills in ivestigating person-to-person outbreaks. They also make a strong case for public health laboratories equipped to perform rapid, comprehensive pathological examination of specimens collected during any outbreak of infectious illness.Title: ParasitologyFull Journal Title: ParasitologyISO Abbreviated Title: ParasitologyJCR Abbreviated Title: ParasitologyISSN: 0031-1820 Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Cambridge Univ PressPublisher Address: 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211Subject Categories: Parasitology: Impact Factor? Dobell, C. (1938), Dr O. Uplavici (1887–1938). Parasitology, 30 (2), 239-241.Full Text: -1959\Parasitology30, 239.pdfAbstract: To students of the literature dealing with amoebic dysentery the name of O. Uplavici is probably not unfamiliar: but few authors are aware, apparently, of his singular story, so the following lines recording his life and death may therefore be acceptable to readers of Parasitology.? Bucke, D. (1993), Aquatic pollution: Effects on the health of fish and shellfish. Parasitology, 106 Suppl, S25-S37.Abstract: As there is little evidence of pollution affecting the health of fish and shellfish on a global scale, this paper attempts to put into perspective the pollution/fish disease relationship by reviewing examples of studies and reports in the historic and current literature. Although there is no dispute that pollution can affect the aquatic organisms under laboratory conditions and may be responsible for the decline of populations of such animals in some inland waters and some estuaries, most of the evidence for pollution causing or increasing disease in fish in open waters is circumstantial. Historical data proves that almost all fish and shellfish diseases known today have been described since the end of the last century. However, it is also known that water pollution, especially in inland waters, has for the past 400-500 years been the result of urbanization and industrialization. This has resulted in some major rivers becoming devoid of or deficient in fish stocks. The concern that pollution may influence the health status of fish and shellfish stocks has increased over the past 20 years. Initial attention was paid to epidermal diseases, including fin-rot in demersal fish, and protozoan diseases in molluscs in the heavily polluted bays and estuaries in North America. As the interest in this subject spread, it became political, and often controversial, especially amongst the North Sea countries. The disagreements have largely been settled amongst scientists because international bodies, such as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), established workshops to investigate sampling methods and disease-reporting techniques. Recommendations from those workshops have contributed to some form of standardization for field work and the subject, although largely subjective, has some objective approaches which are described. As there are variable, interacting biological and physical influences in the aquatic environment, it is difficult to establish the background prevalences of diseases in populations of fish and shellfish. Examples of the influences of climatic changes are presented, and these show that short-term catastrophes can be directly related. However, a more long-term problem is water acidification resulting largely from anthropogenic activities. In parts of Scandinavia this has, and is, leading to decimation of fish stocks in inland waters. In general, diseases in fish and shellfish are very localized, but there is concern amongst scientists that certain cancers, especially liver tumours, occurring in demersal fish inhabiting polluted estuarine and coastal waters, are related to the release of chemicals, e.g. hydrocarbons, pesticides and heavy metals.Title: Parasites & VectorsFull Journal Title: Parasites & VectorsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Al-Mutawakel, K., Scutaru, C., Shami, A., Sakr, M., Groneberg, D.A. and Quarcoo, D. (2010), Scientometric analysis of the world-wide research efforts concerning Leishmaniasis. Parasites & Vectors, 3, Article Number: 14.Full Text: 2010\Par Vec3, 14.pdfAbstract: Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease that is found in various countries of the world. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of leishmaniasis on the world’s research output. The present study assessed benchmarking of research output for the period between 1957 and 2006. Using large database analyses, research in the field of leishmaniasis was evaluated. Furthermore, cooperation between different countries was identified. Results: The number of publications increased with time. Most publications came from Western countries such as the US, UK or Germany. Interestingly, countries like Brazil and India had a high research output. We found a substantial amount of cooperation between countries. Conclusion: Although leishmaniasis is of limited geographic distribution it attracts a wide research interest. The central hub of research cooperation is the USA.Keywords: Benchmarking, Database, Germany, Health, Impact, India, Number of Publications, Publications, Research, Research Output, Scientometric, UK, US, USA? Liu, R., Dong, H.F., Guo, Y., Zhao, Q.P. and Jiang, M.S. (2011), Efficacy of praziquantel and artemisinin derivatives for the treatment and prevention of human schistosomiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasites & Vectors, 4, Article Number: 201.Full Text: 2011\Par Vec4, 201.pdfAbstract: Background: Praziquantel has been used as first-line drug for chemotherapy of schistosomiasis since 1984. Besides praziquantel, artemether and artesunate have also been used for the control of this infectious disease since late 1990s. In this article, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the antischistosomal efficacy of different medication strategies including monotherapy or combination therapies of these drugs. Results: A number of 52 trials from 38 articles published in peer-reviewed journals before July 2011 were selected for analysis after searching the following literature databases: the Cochrane Library, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Our meta-analyses showed that a dosage of 30-60 mg/kg praziquantel compared with placebo produced a protection rate of about 76% (95% CI: 67%-83%) for treating human schistosomiasis, which varied from 70% to 76% with no significant differences among the subspecies S. haematobium, S. japonicum or S. mansoni. Protection rates were higher when praziquantel doses were elevated, as concluded from the nRCTs results: the protection rate of praziquantel at 40 mg/kg was 52% (95% CI: 49%-55%), and it increased to 91% (95% CI: 88%-92%) when the dosages were elevated to 60/80/100 mg/kg divided two or more doses. Multiple doses of artemether or artesunate over 1- or 2-week intervals resulted in protection rates of 65% to 97% for preventing schistosomiasis, and increased doses and shorter medication intervals improved their efficacies. Praziquantel and artemisinin derivatives (artemether or artesunate) in combination resulted in a higher protection rate of 84% (95% CI: 64%-91%) than praziquantel monotherapy for treatment. praziquantel and artesunate in combination had a great protection rate of 96% (95% CI: 78%-99%) for preventing schistosomes infection. Conclusions: According to the results, praziquantel remains effective in schistosomiasis treatment, and multiple doses would improve its efficacy; meanwhile, praziquantel is also a good drug for preventing acute schistosomiasis morbidity. It’s better to use multiple doses of artemether or artesunate with 1- or 2-week intervals for prevention against schistosome infection. Praziquantel and artemether or artesunate in combination perform better in treatment than praziquantel monotherapy, and they are especially suitable for treating the patients with repeated exposure to infected water.Keywords: Acute, Analysis, Artemether, Artemether Treatment, Artesunate, Chemotherapy, China, Clinical-Trials, Cochrane, Control, Database, Databases, Differences, Disease, Double-Blind, Drug, Drugs, Efficacy, Egyptian Villagers, Exposure, Haematobium Infection, Human, Human Schistosomiasis, Infection, ISI, ISI Web of Science, Journals, Knowledge, Literature, Mansoni Infections, Medication, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Monotherapy, Morbidity, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Oral Artemether, Patients, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Praziquantel, Prevention, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Water, Web of ScienceTitle: Parasitology ResearchFull Journal Title: Parasitology ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Parasitol. Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Parasitol ResISSN: 0044-3255Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Springer VerlagPublisher Address: 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010Subject Categories: Parasitology: Impact FactorGraczyk, T.K., Cranfield, M.R. and Fayer, R. (1997), Recovery of waterborne oocysts of Cryptosporidium from water samples by the membrane-filter dissolution method. Parasitology Research, 83 (2), 121-125.Full Text: P\Par Res83, 121.pdfAbstract: The cellulose-acetate membrane (CAM)-filter dissolution method implemented into a Millipore Glass Microanalysis system was used for recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts seeded into 25 l of drinking water in polyethylene carboy aspirator bottles. CAM-entrapped oocysts were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. From 65 to 94 oocysts/l (mean 75 oocysts/l), 34.7% overall of the inoculated oocysts, were unrecovered as determined after the water had been drained from the bottle, rinsed with 1 l of eluting fluid (EF), and CAM-filtered. Efficiency rates of oocyst recovery ranged from 24.0% to 64.0% (mean 44.1%), without the use of EF and from 72.1% to 82.3% (mean 78.8%) when EF was used. To ensure a high recovery efficiency of Cryptosporidium oocysts from sampled water by the CAM-filter dissolution method, it is recommended that 1 l of EF per 25 l of water be used.Keywords: Giardia Cysts, River WaterGraczyk, T.K., Fayer, R., Conn, D.B. and Lewis, E.J. (1999), Evaluation of the recovery of waterborne Giardia cysts by freshwater clams and cyst detection in clam tissue. Parasitology Research, 85 (1), 30-34.Full Text: P\Par Res85, 30.pdfAbstract: The Asian freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea, inhabits environments recognized to be contaminated with waterborne Giardia cysts. Sixty-four tissue samples of Giardia-free clams were spiked with various numbers of Giardia duodenalis cysts within the range of 50-700 cysts. Regression analysis showed that paired numbers of spiked (x) versus recovered (y) cysts regressed significantly (P < 0.01) according to the equation y = 42.57±1.81x (±64.3). The cyst detection threshold was 43 cysts/clam, the coefficient of determination was 77%, and the overall sensitivity of cyst detection was 42.9%. All 20 values of cyst numbers in clam tissue samples that were processed blind were located within the 95% prediction limits of the linear regression equation. The cyst retention rate of 160 clams kept in an aquarium with 38 l of water spiked with 1.00×105 G. duodenalis cysts was approximately 1.3×103 cysts/clam. No waterborne cysts were detected by the membrane filtration method 90 min after spiking the aquarium water. G. duodenalis cysts were detected in clam tissue up to 3 weeks post-exposure. Filtration of water by clams substantially depleted the aquarium water of its particulate matter. The sampling program demonstrated that the population of 160 clams examined during the study could be accurately assessed for exposure to waterborne Giardia cysts by random sampling of 86 (54%) clams. The results indicate that C. fluminea clams can be used for biological monitoring of contamination with Giardia.? Zhu, H.P., Yu, C.H., Xia, X., Dong, G.Y., Tang, J., Fang, L. and Du, Y.K. (2010), Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of immunodiagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica: A meta-analysis. Parasitology Research, 107 (5), 1067-1073.Full Text: 2010\Par Res107, 1067.pdfAbstract: Immunodiagnostic tests are commonly used in the diagnosis for schistosomiasis japonica in field situation. Their diagnostic effect, however, has never been evaluated in a systematic way. We set out to review the value of tests including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. A comprehensive search was conducted in order to identify all possible studies achieving the inclusion criteria. We undertook a meta-analysis of diagnostic ability that compared ELISA with IHA for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. Original articles were searched in Pubmed, Science Citation Index Expanded, Cochrane Library, Proquest and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Data extractions were conducted independently by two reviewers. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize overall test performance. Funnel plot was used to analyze publication bias. Finally, 16 studies met inclusion criteria. In all studies combined, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for IHA was 8.689 (95%CI 7.671 to 9.842) and ELISA was 3.691 (95%CI 3.018 to 4.515). The DOR for IHA was better than that for ELISA. IHA demonstrated TPR* = 0.721 and ELISA showed TPR* = 0.633. IHA performance was superior to that of ELISA. Nevertheless, difference of the accuracy between the two methods for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica has no statistical significance as shown by the result of Z test. We found that both IHA and ELISA can be used to rule in or rule out the diagnosis.Keywords: China, Tests, AssayTitle: Parasitology TodayFull Journal Title: Parasitology TodayISO Abbreviated Title: Parasitol. TodayJCR Abbreviated Title: Parasitol TodayISSN: 0169-4758Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Sci LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Oxon, EnglandSubject Categories: Parasitology: Impact Factor 6.134, / (2001)Hirst, S. (2000), A new name for Parasitology Today. Parasitology Today, 16 (11), 455.Full Text: P\Par Tod16, 455.pdfAbstract: Parasitology Today is officially the Number One ranked journal in parasitology (impact factor 4.940). Since its launch in 1985, Parasitology Today has been part of the Trends Journal series – the most highly cited group of monthly review journals in the world, that includes Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Trends in Microbiology, Trends in Genetics, Immunology Today and Trends in Cell Biology.Title: PathologicaFull Journal Title: PathologicaISO Abbreviated Title: PathologicaJCR Abbreviated Title: PathologicaISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Mancini, A.M. (1997), The role of the anatomist/pathologist in modern medicine. Pathologica, 89 (2), 97-103.Keywords: RoleTitle: PathologyFull Journal Title: PathologyISO Abbreviated Title: PathologyJCR Abbreviated Title: PathologyISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Jara-Lazaro, A.R., Thike, A.A. and Tan, P.H. (2010), Is the second opinion always better than the first?: Authors’ reply. Pathology, 42 (5), 498-499.Keywords: Surgical PathologyTitle: Pathology InternationalFull Journal Title: Pathology InternationalISO Abbreviated Title: Pathol. Int.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pathol IntISSN: 1320-5463Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: JapanLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Blackwell Science AsiaPublisher Address: 54 University St, P O Box 378, Carlton, Victoria 3053, AustraliaSubject Categories: Pathology: Impact Factor? Yamaki, T., Tsuura, Y., Watanabe, K., Fukuda, T. and Suzuki, T. (1997), Acute and reversible fatty metamorphosis of cultured rat hepatocytes. Pathology International, 47 (2-3), 103-111.Abstract: Rat hepatocyte cell line M6, B347 and J525, among which only M6 is slightly deviated from diploidy, showed marked microvesicular fatty metamorphosis in response to treatment with Tweens at concentrations of 0.05-0.025% in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (MEM). Within 24 h treated cells became fatty at 100% in frequency and filled with small lipid droplets, as revealed by fat staining or at the ultrastructural level. Fatty hepatocytes, however, took again non-fatty morphology 72 h after withdrawal of Tweens from the culture medium. Growth of the cell exhibited mild retardation at the early phase of the treatment but almost similar cell density to that of control cells was achieved 24 h after the treatment. Other detergents without fatty-acid moiety, including NP-40, triton X-100, sodium deoxycholic acid and sodium cholic acid, were ineffective to induce fatty change. Oleate, a fatty-acid moiety of Tween 80 or 85, and linolate caused reversible fatty metamorphosis of the cell lines at concentrations of 1.910-4 mol/L or more and 3.810-4 mol/L or more, respectively. Ethanol induced mild steatosis of the cell lines and enhanced fatty change by linolate. Hepatic fatty acid-binding protein was not detected in the cell lines before or after the induction of fatty change. These results indicate that fatty acid itself is directly incorporated in cultured rat hepatocytes and expelled 3 days later without apparent cell degeneration.Keywords: Cell Culture, Linolate, Oleate, Rat Hepatocyte, Tweens, Breast-Cancer Cells, Reyes-Syndrome, In-Vitro, Lipid-Peroxidation, Aspirin Therapy, Linoleic-Acid, Nude-Mice, Liver, Growth, LinesTitle: Patient Education and CounselingFull Journal Title: Patient Education and CounselingISO Abbreviated Title: Patient Educ. Couns.JCR Abbreviated Title: Patient Educ CounsISSN: 0738-3991Issues/Year: 9Journal Country/Territory: IrelandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Sci Ireland LtdPublisher Address: Customer Relations Manager, Bay 15, Shannon Industrial Estate Co, Clare, IRSubject Categories: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health: Impact Factor 0.747, 62/85 (1999), Grueninger, U.J. (1995), Arterial-hypertension: Lessons from patient education. Patient Education and Counseling, 26 (1-3), 37-55.Full Text: P\Pat Edu Cou26, 37.pdfAbstract: The face of hypertension has been changing rapidly over the last few decades, from a serious disease to a cardiovascular risk factor. Patient education has been instrumental in bringing about tremendous improvements in hypertension-related mortality, morbidity, life expectancy, and life quality. Patient education has evolved from an adjunct to medical therapy to an intervention in its own right. In this process patient education tasks and techniques themselves have undergone remarkable developments, driven by evolving patient needs due to medical progress. The same is true for the roles of patients and health care providers. Dealing with hypertension is a behavior change process which demands serious learning efforts from all parties involved, patients, health practitioners and health care administrators alike. This paper focuses therefore on patient education for preventive behavior change and risk factor management. Special emphasis will be placed on processes and tools for effective patientKeywords: Blood-Pressure Control, Health-Education, Primary-Care, Promotion, Practitioners, Prevention, Strategies, Disease, Smoking, Advice, Patient Education, Counseling, Hypertension, High Blood Pressure, Physician-Patient Relationship, Prevention, Health Promotion, ReviewHwu, Y.J., Coates, V.E. and Boore, J.R.P. (2001), The evolving concept of health in nursing research: 1988–1998. Patient Education and Counseling, 42 (2), 105-114.Full Text: P\Pat Edu Cou42, 105.pdfAbstract: This article concerns the evolution of the concept of health, as reported in selected nursing journals, over the last 10 years. It builds on an analysis reported by Reynolds [Reynolds CL. The measurement of health in nursing research. Adv Nurs Sci 1988;10(4): 23–31.] who initially investigated the concept of health and the means by which it was measured during the period 1977–1987. Using the same journals as Reynolds, the methodology of systematic review is used to analyse the way in which health is defined, the frequency with which it is investigated and the means by which it is measured, and these data are compared with Reynolds findings. The results indicate that; three times as many studies have been conducted in the last 10 years, a more holistic concept of health has emerged, and the instruments used are becoming more sophisticated. These findings are discussed and the implications for patient education and health care professionals considered.Keywords: Concept of Health, Holistic Health, Measuring Health? Anker, A.E., Reinhart, A.M. and Feeley, T.H. (2011), Health information seeking: A review of measures and methods. Patient Education and Counseling, 82 (3), 346-354.Full Text: 2011\Pat Edu Cou82, 346.pdfAbstract: Objective: Outlines the methods and measures commonly used to study active health information seeking and prescribes important considerations in advancing the study of patient information seeking. Methods: A systematic review of the literature from 1978 to 2010. A single bibliometric database. PsychInfo. identified 648 articles of health information seeking. The 129 articles included in the review were coded by type of sample, measures (n = 12) utilized to study health information seeking, and types of study methods (n = 5). Results: A majority of studies used non-clinical samples and measured general health information seeking (i.e.. whether the participant engaged in a search for health information) through cross-sectional study designs. Conclusions: There are varying samples, measures, and designs used to identify those who do or do not seek health information. Future research should look into how health information seeking influences health management and should uncover the social and relational functions of health information seeking using more advanced (and less routinely applied) measures and methods of studying health information seeking. Practice implications: More people are actively searching for health information and health providers should address this in their discussions with patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric, Cancer, Care, Critical Review, Database, Functions, General, Health, Health Information, Health Information Seeking, Information, Internet Use, Ireland, Literature, Management, Mar, Medical Information, Methods, Needs, Online, Participation, Patient Information, Patients, Preferences, Providers, Research, Review, Rights, Satisfaction, Shared Decision-Making, SI, Social, Systematic Review? Zhou, Y.F., Cameron, E., Forbes, G. and Humphris, G. (2011), Systematic review of the effect of dental staff behaviour on child dental patient anxiety and behaviour. Patient Education and Counseling, 85 (1), 4-13.Full Text: 2011\Pat Edu Cou85, 4.pdfAbstract: Objectives: To review the literature, of the past 30 years, on the effects of dental staff behaviour on the anxiety and behaviour of child dental patients; especially to determine staff behaviours that reduce anxiety and encourage cooperation of children. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL. Results: Initial search returned 31 publications of which 11 fulfilled the criteria for review. Among seven studies that measured anxiety, four used validated measures. Five observational studies coded behaviour using Weinstein et al.’s (1982) coding scheme [1]. An empathic working style and appropriate level of physical contact accompanied by verbal reassurance was found to reduce fear-related behaviours in children. Findings regarding positive reinforcement and dentists’ experience increasing cooperative behaviour were inconsistent. Conclusions: Measures for anxiety and behaviour varied across studies. Relationships between certain dental staff behaviours and child anxiety/behaviour were reported. However, limited work was identified and research using improved sampling, measurement and statistical approach is required. Practice implications: Understanding what routine clinical behaviour of dental staff affects children’s dental anxiety/behaviour will inform investigators of how children comply and help staff be aware the significance of their daily behaviour on treatment success. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Anxiety, Behaviour, Child, Children, Cochrane, Coding, Cooperation, Dental Anxiety, Dentist, Dentists, Fear, Literature, Literature Review, Management Problems, Measurement, Methods, Observational, Observational Studies, Patients, Practice, Publications, Pubmed, Research, Review, Science, Statistical, Success, Systematic, Systematic Literature Review, Systematic Review, Treatment, Web of ScienceTitle: Pattern RecognitionFull Journal Title: Pattern RecognitionISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Zhang, H.J. and Chow, T.W.S. (2011), A coarse-to-fine framework to efficiently thwart plagiarism. Pattern Recognition, 44 (2), 471-487.Abstract: This paper presents a systematic framework using multilevel matching approach for plagiarism detection (PD). A multilevel structure, i.e. document-paragraph-sentence, is used to represent each document. In document and paragraph level, we use traditional dimensionality reduction technique to project high dimensional histograms into latent semantic space. The Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD), instead of exhaustive matching, is employed to retrieve relevant documents, which enables us to markedly shrink the searching domain. Two PD algorithms are designed and implemented to efficiently flag the suspected plagiarized document sources. We conduct extensive experimental verifications including document retrieval, PD, the study of the effects of parameters, and the empirical study of the system response. The results corroborate that the proposed approach is accurate and computationally efficient for performing PD. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Algorithms, Distance, Document Retrieval, Document-Retrieval, EMD, Multilevel Matching, Networks, Plagiarism, Plagiarism Detection, Text CategorizationTitle: Peat and Water: Aspects of Water Retention and Dewatering in PeatElsevier Applied Science Publishers? Fuchsman, C.H. (1986), Peat and Water: Aspects of Water Retention and Dewatering in Peat, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, New York.Title: Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyFull Journal Title: Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyISO Abbreviated Title: Pediatr. Allergy Immunol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pediatr Allergy ImmuISSN: 0905-6157Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: DenmarkLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Blackwell MunksgaardPublisher Address: 35 Norre Sogade, Po Box 2148, Dk-1016 Copenhagen, DenmarkSubject Categories:Allergy: Impact Factor 1.573 (2003)Immunology: Impact Factor 1.573 (2003)Pediatrics: Impact Factor 1.573 (2003)Title: Pediatric AnesthesiaFull Journal Title: Pediatric AnesthesiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Siebert, J.N., Posfay-Barbe, K.M., Habre, W. and Siegrist, C.A. (2007), Influence of anesthesia on immune responses and its effect on vaccination in children: Review of evidence. Pediatric Anesthesia, 17 (5), 410-420.Abstract: Anesthesia and surgery exert immunomodulatory effects and some authors argue that they may exert additive or synergistic influences on vaccine efficacy and safety. Alternatively, inflammatory responses and fever elicited by vaccines may interfere with the postoperative course. There is a lack of consensus approach among anesthesiologists to the theoretical risk of anesthesia and vaccination. Few studies have assessed the influence of anesthesia and surgery on pediatric vaccine responses. We have undertaken an extensive review of articles published in English between 1970 and 2006 meeting the criteria: measurement of immune parameters following general anesthesia in children. By searching the major medical databases (OVID MEDLINE, PUBMED, ISI Web of Science) and references cited in the articles themselves, among 277 articles obtained none examined directly the influence of anesthesia/surgery on vaccine responses. Only 16 original reports assessed the influence of several anesthetic agents on various markers of immunity including lymphocyte numbers and functions. These results are reinterpreted here in view of our current understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying vaccine efficacy and adverse events. We conclude that the immunomodulatory influence of anesthesia during elective surgery is both minor and transient (around 48 h) and that the current evidence does not provide any contraindication to the immunization of healthy children scheduled for elective surgery. However, respecting a minimal delay of 2 days (inactivated vaccines) or 14-21 days (live attenuated viral vaccines) between immunization and anesthesia may be useful to avoid the risk of misinterpretation of vaccine-driven adverse events as postoperative complications.Keywords: Anesthesia, Authors, Balanced Anesthesia, Children, Cytokine Response, Databases, Efficacy, Fever, General-Anesthesia, Immunization, Inactivated Vaccines, Intravenous Anesthetics, ISI, Leukocytes In-Vitro, Lymphocyte-Transformation, Major Surgery, Measurement, Medical, Pediatric, Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, Postoperative Complications, Pubmed, Review, Risk, Safety, Science, Surgery, Surgical Stress, Vaccination, Vaccine, Vaccine Efficacy, Vaccines, Web of ScienceTitle: Pediatric Blood & CancerFull Journal Title: Pediatric Blood & CancerISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Arora, R.S. and Eden, T.O.B. (2011), Assessing the impact of paediatric oncology publications using three citation databases. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 56 (1), 152-153.Full Text: 2011\Ped Blo Can56, 152.pdfAbstract: Despite some reported limitations Web of Science has been the standard source to assess the impact of individual articles, and consequently journals By analysing the citations to articles published in the field of paediatric oncology we demonstrate that Scopus and Google Scholar, the two new citation databases, retrieve more citations than Web of Science The strength of Scopus lies in identifying non English literature from Western and Eastern Europe while Google Scholar is proficient at identifying English and non English literature from Africa Asia and Central and South America These findings have implications for researchers, journals and health libraries Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011,56 152-153 (C) 2010 Wiley Liss Inc.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Cancer, Childhood Cancer, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Databases, English, Europe, Field, Google Scholar, Google-Scholar, Journals, Literature, Publications, Researchers, Science, Scopus, Web, Web of ScienceTitle: Pediatric Clinics of North AmericaFull Journal Title: Pediatric Clinics of North AmericaISO Abbreviated Title: Pediatr. Clin. N. Am.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pediatr Clin N AmISSN: 0031-3955Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: W B Saunders CoPublisher Address: Independence Square West Curtis Center, Ste 300, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3399Subject Categories: Pediatrics: Impact Factor 1.615, 15/69 (2001)? Gruskin, A.B., Baluarte, H.J., Prebis, J.W., Polinsky, M.S., Morgenstern, B.Z. and Perlman, S.A. (1982), Serum sodium abnormalities in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 29 (4), 907-932.Title: Pediatric Critical Care MedicineFull Journal Title: Pediatric Critical Care MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Venkatachalam, V., Hendley, J.O. and Willson, D.F. (2011), The diagnostic dilemma of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill children. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 12 (3), 286-296.Abstract: Objective: A review of the existing literature on ventilator-associated pneumonia in children with emphasis on problems in diagnosis. Data Sources: A systematic literature review from 1947 to 2010 using Ovid MEDLINE, PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ISI Web of Science using key words “ventilator associated pneumonia” and “children.” Where pediatric data were lacking, appropriate adult studies were reviewed and similarly referenced. Study Selection: Two hundred sixty-two pediatric articles were reviewed and data from 48 studies selected. Data from 61 adult articles were also included in this review. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection and the most common reason for antibiotic use in the pediatric intensive care unit. Attributable mortality is uncertain but ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with significant morbidity and cost. Diagnosis is problematic in that clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic criteria lack sensitivity and specificity relative to autopsy histopathology and culture. Qualitative tracheal aspirate cultures are commonly used in diagnosis but lack specificity. Quantitative tracheal aspirate cultures have sensitivity (31-69%) and specificity (55-100%) comparable to bronchoalveolar lavage (11-90% and 43-100%, respectively) but concordance for the same bacterial species when compared with autopsy lung culture was better for bronchoalveolar lavage (52-90% vs. 50-76% for quantitative tracheal aspirate). Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas species are the most common organisms, but microbiologic flora change over time and with antibiotic use. Initial antibiotics should offer broad-spectrum coverage but should be narrowed as clinical response and cultures dictate. Conclusions: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is an important nosocomial infection in the pediatric intensive care unit. Conclusions regarding epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes are greatly hampered by the inadequacies of current diagnostic methods. We recommend a more rigorous approach to diagnosis by using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention algorithm. Given that ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common reason for antibiotic use in the pediatric intensive care unit, more systematic studies are sorely needed. (Pediatr Crit Care Med 2011; 12:286-296).Keywords: Acquired Infections, Adult, Antibiotic, Antibiotic-Therapy, Antibiotics, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Care, Children, Clinical-Practice Guidelines, Cochrane, Coverage, Culture, Diagnosis, Early Tracheostomy, Epidemiology, Extraction, Infection, Intensive Care, Intensive Care Unit, Intensive-Care-Unit, ISI, Literature, Literature Review, Medline, Morbidity, Mortality, Nosocomial Infection, Nosocomial Pneumonia, Outcomes, Pediatric, Pneumonia, Pubmed, Quantitative, Randomized-Trial, Review, Risk-Factors, Science, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sources, Systematic, Systematic Literature Review, Tracheal Aspirates, Tracheal Colonization, Treatment, Ventilator, Web of ScienceTitle: Pediatric DentistryFull Journal Title: Pediatric DentistryISO Abbreviated Title: Pediatr. Dent.JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor Notes: TTopic? Yang, S., Needleman, H. and Niederman, R. (2001), A bibliometric analysis of the pediatric dental literature in MEDLINE. Pediatric Dentistry, 23 (5), 415-418.Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the availability of dental literature between 1989 and 1998 in seven disciplines within pediatric dentistry by using a bibliometric analysis on MEDLINE and to compare the results to that for adolescents and adults. METHODS: A search strategy was developed for each discipline incorporating dental vocabulary obtained from the MEDLINE Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) index. The number of articles retrieved from MEDLINE for adolescents and adults (> 13 yo) was compared to those for children (< 12 yo) in seven dental disciplines: dental implants, endodontics, oral medicine/radiology, oral surgery, orthodontics, periodontics, and restorative dentistry. RESULTS: There was an average of 8,097 dental articles published each year for the combined seven disciplines studied with an eight-fold range from 327 articles/year for endodontics to 2,765 articles/year for oral medicine/radiology. Of the mean number of articles published each year, 1,273 (16%) were limited to children, while the remaining 6,824 (84%) were on adolescents and adults. The number and percentage of children articles relative to the total number of publications on children ranged from 7 articles/year (1%) for dental implants to 528 articles/year (42%) for oral medicine/radiology. Implant dentistry publications increased the fastest, growing at an average yearly rate of 25%, followed by restorative dentistry (9%), endodontics (9%), oral surgery (6%), orthodontics (6%), periodontics (3%), and oral medicine/radiology (2%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a substantial amount of literature in pediatric dentistry upon which to base clinical decisions. Within this large body of literature, there is a significant amount of variation between the various dental disciplines examined. To stay current, one would need to read and absorb approximately 24 articles each week over 52 weeks per year in more than 75 different journals. Furthermore, the volume of literature is increasing each year, making access even more difficult. These trends suggest the need for computer systems that will facilitate access and retrieval of clinically useful literature.Keywords: Access, Adolescents, Analysis, Availability, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Children, Clinical, Dentistry, Index, Journals, Literature, MEDLINE, Methods, Oral, Pediatric, Publications, Purpose, Search Strategy, Surgery, Systems, Trends, VolumeTitle: Pediatric DentistryFull Journal Title: Pediatric DentistryISO Abbreviated Title: Pediatr. Dent.JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Yang, S., Needleman, H. and Niederman, R. (2001), A bibliometric analysis of the pediatric dental literature in MEDLINE. Pediatric Dentistry, 23 (5), 415-418.Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the availability of dental literature between 1989 and 1998 in seven disciplines within pediatric dentistry by using a bibliometric analysis on MEDLINE and to compare the results to that for adolescents and adults. METHODS: A search strategy was developed for each discipline incorporating dental vocabulary obtained from the MEDLINE Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) index. The number of articles retrieved from MEDLINE for adolescents and adults (> 13 yo) was compared to those for children (< 12 yo) in seven dental disciplines: dental implants, endodontics, oral medicine/radiology, oral surgery, orthodontics, periodontics, and restorative dentistry. RESULTS: There was an average of 8,097 dental articles published each year for the combined seven disciplines studied with an eight-fold range from 327 articles/year for endodontics to 2,765 articles/year for oral medicine/radiology. Of the mean number of articles published each year, 1,273 (16%) were limited to children, while the remaining 6,824 (84%) were on adolescents and adults. The number and percentage of children articles relative to the total number of publications on children ranged from 7 articles/year (1%) for dental implants to 528 articles/year (42%) for oral medicine/radiology. Implant dentistry publications increased the fastest, growing at an average yearly rate of 25%, followed by restorative dentistry (9%), endodontics (9%), oral surgery (6%), orthodontics (6%), periodontics (3%), and oral medicine/radiology (2%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a substantial amount of literature in pediatric dentistry upon which to base clinical decisions. Within this large body of literature, there is a significant amount of variation between the various dental disciplines examined. To stay current, one would need to read and absorb approximately 24 articles each week over 52 weeks per year in more than 75 different journals. Furthermore, the volume of literature is increasing each year, making access even more difficult. These trends suggest the need for computer systems that will facilitate access and retrieval of clinically useful literature.Keywords: Access, Adolescents, Analysis, Availability, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Children, Clinical, Dentistry, Index, Journals, Literature, MEDLINE, Methods, Oral, Pediatric, Publications, Purpose, Search Strategy, Surgery, Systems, Trends, VolumeTitle: Pediatric Emergency CareFull Journal Title: Pediatric Emergency CareISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Spandorfer, P.R., Alessandrini, E.A., Shaw, K.N. and Ludwig, S. (2003), Pediatric emergency medicine research: A critical evaluation. Pediatric Emergency Care, 19 (5), 293-301.Full Text: 2003\Ped Eme Car, 19, 293.pdfAbstract: Objective: A measure of research activity is an important way to gauge knowledge advances. We designed this study to analyze trends in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) research, particularly focusing on the amount of research presented, topics investigated, location of research presentation, study design, and use of statistical analysis. Methods: Every abstract presented between January 1987 and December 1999 from 4 national scientific meetings [Ambulatory Pediatric Association (APA), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM)] was evaluated. Those abstracts that met study criteria were evaluated for research topic, year of presentation, and sponsoring organization. Abstracts from the first and last 5 years of the study period were assessed for study design and use of statistical analysis. Trends over time were examined. Results: There were 1675 abstracts presented over the 13-year study period: 41% at APA, 27% at AAP, 7% at ACEP, and 25% at AEM. Medical topics were most frequently investigated (36%) followed by trauma (20%), administrative (17%), procedural (14%), life-threatening emergencies (12%), and surgical (3%). Two percent of abstracts was presented in the first year and the greatest proportion (14%) was presented in 1999 (P < 0.001). Eighty percent of the abstracts were assessed for study design and use of statistics. There was no change in the proportion of abstracts that were prospective [odds ratio (OR) = 0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76-1.26)] or analytic [OR = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.83-1.35)] between the early and the later years. Descriptive surveys increased in frequency from the early to the later years [OR = 1.92 (95% CI = 1.29-2.92)] as did multicentered clinical trials [OR = 7.71 (95% CI = 1.97-66.38). Case series decreased in frequency [OR = 0.71 (95% CI = 0.54-0.93)] as did bench research [OR = 0.21 (95% CI = 0.11-0.40). The use of statistics increased with time [OR = 1.99 (95% CI = 1.54-2.58)] as did the use of CIs [OR = 4.40 (95% CI 2.76-7.29). Conclusions: There was a substantial increase in the amount of research conducted in PEM. The topics investigated correspond to national recommendations. There was not an increase in the amount of research that was prospective or analytic in nature; however, there was increased statistical sophistication with time.Keywords: Advances, American Academy of Pediatrics, Analysis, Clinical, Clinical Trials, Confidence, Criteria, Design, Emergencies, Emergency, Emergency Medicine, Evaluation, First, Interval, Knowledge, Location, Medicine, Organization, P, Pediatric, Presentation, Prospective, Recommendations, Research, Sponsoring, Statistical Analysis, Statistics, Study Design, Surveys, Trauma, TrendsTitle: Pediatric Exercise ScienceFull Journal Title: Pediatric Exercise ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Rowland, T. (2010), In Defense of Plagiarism (Sort of ... ). Pediatric Exercise Science, 22 (1), 1-6.Keywords: PlagiarismTitle: Pediatric PulmonologyFull Journal Title: Pediatric PulmonologyISO Abbreviated Title: Pediatr. Pulmonol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pediatr PulmISSN: 8755-6863Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Wiley-LissPublisher Address: Div John Wiley & Sons Inc, 605 Third Ave, New York, NY 10158-0012Subject Categories: Pediatrics: Impact Factor 1.742, / (2001)Respiratory System: Impact Factor 1.742, 14/69 (2001)Yang, C.Y., Chiu, J.F., Chiu, H.F. and Kao, W.Y. (1997), Damp housing conditions and respiratory symptoms in primary school children. Pediatric Pulmonology, 24 (2), 73-77.Full Text: P\Ped Pul24, 73.pdfAbstract: There is evidence that indoor air pollution contributes to the development of respiratory symptoms. This study examined the relationships between dampness in houses and respiratory symptoms in 4, 164 primary school children in the subtropical rural areas of the Kaohsiung region, Taiwan. Dampness in homes was assessed by questionnaires that reported 1) general dampness, 2) mold or mildew inside the home, or 3) flooding (appearance of standing water within the home, water damage, or leaks of water into the building). Evidence for upper and lower respiratory symptoms were also collected by questionnaires. Recorded symptoms included cough, wheezing, pneumonia, bronchitis, and asthma. Degrees of dampness were reported as 12.2%, 30.1%, and 43.4%, respectively by the parents or guardians of the study population. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was consistently higher in homes with indications of dampness than in non-damp homes. After adjustments for potential confounders, selected respiratory symptoms among the childhood population were significantly higher in damp than non-damp homes, with the exception of pneumonia. We conclude that dampness in the home is a strong predictor of and risk factor for respiratory symptoms and constitutes a significant public health problem in subtropical area. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Title: Pediatric RadiologyFull Journal Title: Pediatric RadiologyISO Abbreviated Title: Pediatr. Radiol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pediatr RadiolISSN: 0301-0449Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Springer-VerlagPublisher Address: 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010Subject Categories: Pediatrics: Impact Factor 0.691 / (2002)Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging: Impact Factor 0.691, / (2002)? Perezcandela, V. (1986), Bibliometric analysis of the espr meetings (1975-1985) - 10 years revised. Pediatric Radiology, 16 (4), 353.? Strouse, P.J., Slovis, T.L. and Sebag, G. (2011), Concerning plagiarism. Pediatric Radiology, 41 (4), 407-408.Keywords: PlagiarismTitle: Pediatric RehabilitationFull Journal Title: Pediatric RehabilitationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Johnson, D.A. (2001), Paediatric rehabilitation: improving recovery and outcome in childhood disorders. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 4 (1), 1-3.Abstract: The next issue of Pediatric Rehabilitation will mark the Journal’s change in editors. The founding editor, Henry Stonnington, is to be congratulated and thanked for his efforts in bringing this important venture to fruition. We now have a new editorial board of clinical and academic experts in a wide range of disciplines from around the world. The Journal will encompass current practice and new developments in research and service delivery, together with historical, theoretical, ethical and legal perspectives, covering a wide range of animal and human fields. Our aim is to stimulate greater interdisciplinary understanding and collaboration in theory, research and practice, leading to the design and implementation of effective interventions for all childhood disorders. We seek to avoid any unidirectional flow of information and to dispel any ‘Cinderella’ image of rehabilitation in pediatrics [1].? Johnson, D.A. (2003), Editorial: Research and practice: Are we giving children the best treatment? Pediatric Rehabilitation, 6 (2), 65-66.Title: Pediatric ResearchFull Journal Title: Pediatric ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Pediatr. Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pediatr ResISSN: 0031-3998Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Int Pediatric Research Foundation, IncPublisher Address: 351 West Camden St, Baltimore, MD 21201-2436Subject Categories: Pediatrics: Impact Factor 3.289, 4/69 (2001)? Calhoun, D.A., Harcum, J., Kirk, J.F. and Christensen, R.D. (1996), Incidence, significance, and kinetic mechanism responsible for leukemoid reactions in patients in the neonatal intensive care unit: A prospective evaluation. Pediatric Research, 39 (4) Pt2, 1180.Title: Pediatric RheumatologyFull Journal Title: Pediatric RheumatologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Sperber, K., Hom, C., Chao, C.P., Shapiro, D. and Ash, J. (2009), Systematic review of hydroxychloroquine use in pregnant patients with autoimmune diseases. Pediatric Rheumatology, 7, Article Number: 9.Full Text: 2009\Ped Rhe7, 9.pdfAbstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of congenital defects, spontaneous abortions, number of live births, fetal death and pre-maturity in women with autoimmune diseases taking HCQ during pregnancy. Methods: The authors searched MEDLINE, Cochrane data base, Ovid-Currents Clinical Medicine, Ovid-EMBASE: Drugs and Pharmacology, EBSCO, Web of Science, and SCOPUS using the search terms HCQ and/or pregnancy. We attempted to identify all clinical trials from 1980 to 2007 regardless of language or publication status. We also searched Cochrane Central Library and for clinical trials of HCQ and pregnancy. Data were extracted onto standardized forms and were confirmed. Results: The odds ratio (OR) of congenital defects in live births of women taking HCQ during pregnancy was 0.66, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.25, 1.75. The OR of a live birth for women taking HCQ during pregnancy was 1.05 (95% CI 0.58, 1.93). The OR of spontaneous abortion in women taking HCQ during pregnancy was 0.92 (95% CI 0.49, 1.72). The OR of fetal deaths in women taking HCQ during pregnancy was 0.97 (95% CI 0.14, 6.54). The OR of pre-mature birth defined as birth before 37 weeks in women taking HCQ during pregnancy was 1.10 (95% CI 0.75, 1.61). Conclusion: HCQ is not associated with any increased risk of congenital defects, spontaneous abortions, fetal death, pre-maturity and decreased numbers of live births in patients with autoimmune diseases.Keywords: Antimalarial-Drugs, Antirheumatic Drugs, Association, Authors, Chloroquine, Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Confidence Intervals, Connective-Tissue Diseases, Drugs, Erythematosus, Exposure, Incidence, Lupus Pregnancy, Medline, Metaanalysis, Methods, Pharmacology, Pregnancy, Publication, Ratio, Review, Risk, Science, Scopus, Systematic, Systematic Review, Trials, Web of Science, WomenTitle: Pediatric Surgery InternationalFull Journal Title: Pediatric Surgery InternationalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Guo, J., Liang, Z.L., Zhang, H.Y., Yang, C.L., Pu, J.R., Mei, H., Zheng, L.D., Zeng, F.Q. and Tong, Q.S. (2011), Laparoscopic versus open orchiopexy for non-palpable undescended testes in children: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Pediatric Surgery International, 27 (9), 943-952.Full Text: 2011\Ped Sur Int27, 943.pdfAbstract: Laparoscopic orchidopexy (LO) has been widespread used in the management of non-palpable testis (NPT) in children. However, the real advantages of LO over traditional open orchidopexy (OO) still remain exclusive. Published studies until August 31, 2010 were searched from Medline, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational clinical studies (OCSs) with a comparison of LO and OO were included for a systemic review and meta-analysis. Out of 226 studies, 2 RCTs and 5 OCSs were eligible for inclusion criteria, comprising 176 cases of LO and 263 cases of OO. The hospital stay of LO was significantly shorter than that of OO (WMD = -0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.95 to -0.37; P < 0.00001). However, no significant difference was observed between LO and OO in operative time (WMD = 4.02; 95% CI = -9.89 to 17.93; P = 0.57), time to resume feeding (WMD = -2.29; 95% CI = -6.78 to 2.20; P = 0.32) or full activity (WMD = -9.71; 95% CI = -27.84 to 8.42; P = 0.29), recurrence (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.13 to 2.72; P = 0.51), viable testis rate (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 0.30 to 8.52; P = 0.58), success rate (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.44 to 4.46; P = 0.56), and testicular atrophy (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 0.49 to 5.98; P = 0.40). Although shorter hospital stay is noted in LO, it does not provide significant advantage over open surgery for treating NPT. However, due to the publishing bias, a series of RCTs are necessary to explore the efficiencies of LO in the management of NPT in children.Keywords: Bias, Children, Cochrane, Cryptorchidism, Databases, Diagnosis, Experience, Exploration, Hospital, Impalpable Testis, Laparoscopy, Localization, Management, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Non-Palpable Testis, Nonpalpable Testis, Observational, Orchidopexy, Orchidopexy, Publishing, Randomized Controlled Trials, Recurrence, Review, Science, Success, Surgery, Traditional, Web of ScienceTitle: PediatricsFull Journal Title: PediatricsISO Abbreviated Title: PediatricsJCR Abbreviated Title: PediatricsISSN: 0031-4005Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Amer Acad PediatricsPublisher Address: 141 North-West Point Blvd, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007-1098Subject Categories: Pediatrics: Impact Factor 3.708, 1/69 (2001); Impact Factor 3.416, 2/68 (2002)? Rudolph, A.M., Drorbaugh, J.E., Auld, P.A.M., Rudolph, A.J., Nadas, A.S., Smith, C.A. and Hubbell, J.P. (1961), Studies on the circulation in the neonatal period: The circulation in the respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics, 27 (4), 551-566.Full Text: 1960-80\Pediatrics27, 551.pdfScherz, R.G. (1981), Fatal motor-vehicle accidents of child passengers from birth through 4 years of age in Washington state. Pediatrics, 68 (4), 572-575.Full Text: 1981\Pediatrics68, 572.pdfWeir, M.R. (1982), Hyponatremia and seizures. Pediatrics, 69 (3), 385.Full Text: 1982\Pediatrics69, 385.pdf? Hack, M., Horbar, J.D., Malloy, M.H., Tyson, J.E., Wright, E. and Wright, L. (1991), Very low birth weight outcomes of the national institute of child health and human development neonatal network. Pediatrics, 87 (5), 587-597.Full Text: 1991\Pediatrics87, 587.pdfAbstract: This report describes the neonatal outcomes of 1765 very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants delivered from November 1987 through October 1988 at the seven participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Intensive Care Network. Survival was 34% at < 751 g birth weight (range between centers 20% to 55%), 66% at 751 through 1000 g (range 42% to 75%), 87% at 1001 through 1250 g (range 84% to 91%), and 93% at 1251 through 1500 g (range 89% to 98%). By obstetric measures of gestation, survival was 23% at 23 weeks (range 0% to 33%), 34% at 24 weeks (range 10% to 57%), and 54% at 25 weeks (range 30% to 72%). Neonatal morbidity included respiratory distress (67%), symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (25%), necrotizing enterocolitis (6%), septicemia (17%), meningitis (2%), urinary tract infection (4%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (45%, 18% grade III and IV). Morbidity increased with decreasing birth weight. Oxygen was administered for greater-than-or-equal-to 28 days to 79% of < 751-g birth weight infants (range between centers 67% to 100%), 45% of 751- through 1000-g infants (range 20% to 68%), and 13% of 1001- through 1500-g infants (range 5% to 23%). Ventilator support for greater-than-or-equal-to 28 days was given to 68% of infants at < 751 g, 29% at 751 through 1000 g, and 4% at > 1000 g. Hospital stay was 59 days for survivors vs 15 days for infants who died. Sixty-nine percent of survivors had subnormal (< 10th percentile) weight at discharge. The data demonstrate important intercenter variation of current neonatal outcomes, as well as differences in philosophy of care and definition and prevalence of morbidity.Keywords: Very Low Birth Weight, Neonates, Morbidity, Mortality, Gestational-Age, Intensive-Care, Infants? Jacobs, J., Jimenez, L.M., Gloyd, S.S., Gale, J.L. and Crothers, D. (1994), Treatment of acute childhood diarrhea with homeopathic medicine: A randomized clinical-trial in nicaragua. Pediatrics, 93 (5), 719-725.Full Text: 1994\Pediatrics93, 719.pdfAbstract: Objective. Acute diarrhea is the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oral rehydration treatment can prevent death from dehydration, but does not reduce the duration of individual episodes. Homeopathic treatment for acute diarrhea is used in many parts of the world. This study was performed to determine whether homeopathy is useful in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea.Methodology. A randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing homeopathic medicine with placebo in the treatment of acute childhood diarrhea was conducted in Leon, Nicaragua, in July 1991. Eighty-one children aged 6 months to 5 years of age were included in the study. An individualized homeopathic medicine was prescribed for each child and daily follow-up was performed for 5 days. Standard treatment with oral rehydration treatment was also given.Results. The treatment group had a statistically significant (P < .05) decrease in duration of diarrhea, defined as the number of days until there were less than three unformed stools daily for 2 consecutive days. There was also a significant difference (P < .05) in the number of stools per day between the two groups after 72 hours of treatment.Conclusions. The statistically significant decrease in the duration of diarrhea in the treatment group suggests that homeopathic treatment might be useful in acute childhood diarrhea. Further study of this treatment deserves consideration.Keywords: Diarrhea, Diarrhea, Infantile, Homeopathy, NicaraguaJohnston, C., Rivara, F.P. and Soderberg, R. (1994), Children in car crashes: Analysis of data for injury and use of restraints. Pediatrics, 93 (6), 960-965.Full Text: 1994\Pediatrics93, 960.pdfAbstract: Objective. To determine the effect of car restraints on motor vehicle injury rates for children aged 0 to 14 years.Methods. A probability sample of all police-reported car crashes in the United States in 1990 and 1991 was analyzed for injury rates of passengers aged less than 15 years in relation to restraint usage, age, and seating position.Results. Optimal restraint usage (defined as car seats for children 0 to 4 years old and lap shoulder belts for children 5 to 14 years old) was 40%. The use of the car seat was 76% for infants (0 to 12 months old) and 41% for toddlers (1 to 4 year olds). The non use of a restraint was highest for 10 to 14 year olds (43%).The rate of involvement in car crashes for all children was 21.4 (per 1000/yr). The highest rate was the 14 year olds with 29.6 followed by 2 year olds with 26.5.Injury rates were 4.76 (per 1000/yr) for all children. The lowest rate was 2.91 for infants but increased to 4.78 for 3 year olds. The single strongest risk factor for injury was the non use of a restraint. (Adjusted odds ratio 2.7; 95% CI 2.4 to 3.0.) The risk factor for injury for the front seat was 1.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.7).Use of the car seat reduced injuries by 606 for 0 to 4 year olds, whereas the lap shoulder harness was only 38% effective for 5 to 14 year olds (P less than or equal to .001) Injury rates of unrestrained 0 to 4 and 5 to 14 year olds were similar.Conclusions. Greater involvement in car crashes and less use of car restraints explains the 64% higher rate of injury for 3 year olds than for infants. It is time to target the toddlers.Restraints designed for adults are not as effective for the school age child as car seats are for the preschool child. A better restraint for the school age child should be designed and evaluated. Meanwhile, increased usage of current restraints must be encouraged, as they substantially reduce injuries.Keywords: Car Crashes, Injury, Car Seats, Seat Belts, Automobile Restraints, Motor Vehicle Crashes, Motor-Vehicle Occupants, Location? Spigelblatt, L., Laineammara, G., Pless, I.B. and Guyver, A. (1994), The use of alternative medicine by children. Pediatrics, 94 (6), 811-814.Full Text: 1994\Pediatrics94, 811.pdfAbstract: Objective. Alternative medicine (AM) is of growing interest to the general public. Although several studies have been published concerning its use in adults, the use by children is less well known. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency with which alternative medicine is employed in a pediatric population that also uses conventional medicine. A second goal is to investigate the sociodemographic factors that influence the choice of these forms of therapy.Methods. Parents of children consulting the general outpatient clinic of a university hospital completed a self-administered questionnaire asking about previous use of AM for themselves or their children.Results. Based on 1911 completed questionnaires, 208 children (11%) previously consulted one or more AM practitioners, Chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy, and acupuncture together accounted for 84% of use. Children who used AM differed significantly from those who only used conventional medicine in that they were older than the nonusers, their mothers were better educated, and their parents also tended to use AM.Conclusion. The findings indicate that AM is an aspect of child health care that no longer can be ignored. Being aware of these practices will enable physicians to discuss alternative therapies with parents in order to ensure the continuity of essential conventional treatments.Keywords: Alternative Medicine, Chiropractic, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Acupuncture, Children, Chiropractic Manipulation, Health-Care, Arthritis, Patient? Hernandez Borges, A.A., Pareras, L.G. and Jimenez, A. (1997), Comparative analysis of pediatric mailing lists on the Internet. Pediatrics, 100 (2), E8.Full Text: 1997\Pediatrics100, E8.pdfAbstract: Objective. To analyze quantitative aspects and the relative quality of various pediatric discussion groups on the Internet and to contrast them with qualitative aspects of a selected number of pediatric journals. Material and Methods. An extensive number of mailing lists an the Internet of interest to pediatricians was compiled. Twelve of them concerned with pediatric specialties were selected. Six representative journals of pediatric specialties were also analyzed and compared with the corresponding mailing lists. From the list of subscribers we studied the potential quality of each mailing list. The postings sent by each member to the on-line discussions were also analyzed. As an estimate of the standing as author of each list member as well as of each first author of the selected journals, we calculated several indexes of quality using the 1995 Medline database and the impact factors of the biomedical journals reported by the 1994 Science Citation Index. Results. The most popular lists were NICU-NET and PICU, both having more than 1100 subscribers. PEDPATH and PEDIHEART had the highest percentage of subscribers who were published authors, and their papers also yielded the highest impact factors. The most active lists were NICU-NET and PICU. The most participative ones were CHILD-NEURO and FED-LUNG. CHILD-NEURO had the highest percentage of authors among the participants. PEDPATH and CHILD-NEURO had the authors with the highest impact factors among the people who participated in the discussions. These latter two lists also showed the highest impact factor per posting. Those which had the highest yield (highest activity with highest quality per posting) were CHILD-NEURO and PEDIHEART. The average impact factor per first author of the analyzed journals was always higher than the average impact factor per participant of the lists. Conclusions. The electronic-mad discussion groups on the Internet are new nonacademic forums in which knowledge and experience in pediatrics can be shared. They cannot replace but they complement other more academic sources such as medical journals.Keywords: Citation, Database, Groups, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Internet, Journals, Mailing Lists, Medical, Medline, Pediatric Information Sources, Science Citation IndexBruce, R.C. and Kliegman, R.M. (1997), Hyponatremic seizures secondary to oral water intoxication in infancy: Association with commercial bottled drinking water. Pediatrics, 100 (6), E41-E44.Full Text: P\Pediatrics100, E41.pdfAbstract: In recent years, hyponatremic seizures resulting from water intoxication have been reported in the United States with an increasing frequency that some have likened to an epidemic! Infants of parents living in poverty and uninformed of the risks of feeding fluids other than infant formula to their babies are particularly at risk. (1-12) Young infants with vomiting and diarrhea are especially prone to developing hyponatremia if fed fluids lacking sufficient sodium, but even those who are otherwise well may develop symptomatic hyponatremia as a result of being fed excess solute-free water. Most often tap water, either in the form of supplemental feedings or overly dilute formula, has been given in excessive amounts over relatively short periods of time. (1-11, 13-16) Less frequently, water in other forms such as juice, soda, or tea has been implicated.(12, 16-19) This report includes the cases of two infants treated at our institution for hyponatremic seizures and water intoxication after being fed with the same bottled drinking water product marketed for use in infants. The medical records of all infants < 1 year of age admitted to our institution over 10 years with the diagnosis of hyponatremic seizures were also reviewed.Keywords: ConvulsionsBirken, C.S. and Parkin, P.C. (1999), In which journals will pediatricians find the best evidence for clinical practice? Pediatrics, 103 (5), 941-947.Full Text: 1999\Pediatrics103, 941.pdfAbstract: Objective. The objective of this study was to identify the journals that contain the best evidence relating to clinical pediatric practice, thus enabling general pediatricians and pediatric trainees to identify the best quality evidence more efficiently and to select journals for general reading more judiciously.Methods. In the first of three strategies, journal citations from completed systematic reviews using topic headings of pediatric(s), child, infant(s), newborn, neonate(s), neonatology, and adolescent(s) in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) in the 1997, Issue 4, Cochrane Library were collected. In the second strategy, journal citations from American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) policy statements from 1994 to 1996 found in the AAP policy reference guide were collected. In the third strategy, journal citations from the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) statements from 1990 to 1997 found in Pediatrics and Child Health were collected. Topics related to tertiary neonatology, nonphysician health care professionals, public health policy, ethics, and nonjournal citation sources were excluded. All statements with no references were excluded. Journal citations in CDSR with no pediatric subjects and citation of AAP policy statements cited in AAP policy statements were excluded. The number of citations from the journal cited most frequently, from journals that represented ~10% of all citations and from the 10 journals cited most frequently were expressed as a percent of total citations and a 95% CI was calculated.Results. Using all three strategies (CDSR, AAP, and CPS), the journal cited most frequently was Pediatrics. Using the CDSR strategy (n = 234), citations from Pediatrics represented 6.0% of the total (95% CI: 3.0%, 9.0%), using the AAP strategy (n = 930), citations from Pediatrics represented 11.4% of the total (95% CI: 9.4%, 13.4%), and using the CPS strategy (n = 873), citations from Pediatrics represented 11.9% of the total (95% CI: 9.8, 14.1). Using the CDSR strategy, citations from the 10 journals cited most frequently made up 38.9% of the total citations (95% CI: 32.7%, 45.1%), using the AAP strategy, citations from the 10 journals cited most frequently made up 42.3% of the total citations (95% CI: 39.3%, 45.3%), and using the CPS strategy, citations from the 10 journals cited most frequently made up 60.6% of the total citations (95% CI: 57.4, 63.8). In the CPS strategy, citations from the Journal of Pediatrics represented 10.2% of the total citations (95% CI: 8.2, 12.2) and citations from New England Journal of Medicine represented 9.5% of the total citations (95% CI: 7.6, 11.5). A total of 7 journals were found to be among the 10 cited most frequently using all three strategies (in alphabetical order): Archives of Diseases in Childhood, British Medical Journal, Journal of the American Medical Association, Journal of Pediatrics, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, and Pediatrics.Conclusions. This study provides the general pediatrician and pediatric trainee with a strategy to identify efficiently a significant proportion of the best evidence on pediatric practice by restricting searches and reading to a limited number of journals. It also highlights the fact that the best quality evidence on pediatric practice is found in a large number of medical journals.Keywords: Evidence-Based Medicine, Medical Education, Clinical Pediatrics, Information Services, BibliometricsGarfield, E. (2000), In which journals will pediatricians find the best evidence for clinical practice? Pediatrics, 106 (2), 377.Full Text: 2000\Pediatrics106, 377.pdfAkinbami, L.J. and Schoendorf, K.C. (2002), Trends in childhood asthma: Prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality. Pediatrics, 110 (2), 315-322.Full Text: P\Pediatrics110, 315.pdfAbstract: Objectives. Our objective was to use national data to produce a comprehensive description of trends in childhood asthma prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality to assess changes in the disease burden among US children.Methods. Five data sources from the National Center for Health Statistics were used to describe trends in asthma for children aged 0 to 17 years from 1980 to the most recent year for which data were available. These included the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Mortality Component of the National Vital Statistics System.Results. Asthma prevalence increased by an average of 4.3% per year from 1980 to 1996, from 3.6% to 6.2%. The peak prevalence was 7.5% in 1995. In 1997, asthma attack prevalence was 5.4%, but changes in the NHIS design in 1997 preclude comparison to previous estimates. Asthma attack prevalence remained level from 1997 to 2000. After a decrease between 1980 and 1989, the asthma office visit rate increased by an average of 3.8% per year from 1989 to 1999. The asthma hospitalization rate grew by 1.4% per year from 1980 to 1999. Although childhood asthma deaths are rare, the asthma death rate increased by 3.4% per year from 1980 to 1998. Children aged 0 to 4 years had the largest increase in prevalence and had greater health care use, but adolescents had the highest mortality. The asthma burden was borne disproportionately by black children throughout the period. Racial disparities were largest for asthma hospitalizations and mortality: compared with white children, in 1998-1999, black children were >3 times as likely to be hospitalized and in 19971998 >4 times as likely to die from asthma.Conclusions. Recent data suggest that the burden from childhood asthma may have recently plateaued after several years of increasing, although additional years of data collection are necessary to confirm a change in trend. Racial and ethnic disparities remain large for asthma health care utilization and mortality.Keywords: Asthma, Child, Prevalence, Office Visits, Hospitalization, Mortality, United-States, Hospitalization Rates, Pediatric Asthma, Children, Race, Poverty, Patterns, Quality, Impact, City? Tong, E.K., England, L. and Glantz, S.A. (2005), Changing conclusions on secondhand smoke in a sudden infant death syndrome review funded by the tobacco industry. Pediatrics, 115 (3), E356-E366.Full Text: 2005\Pediatrics115, E356.pdfAbstract: Background. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke adversely affects maternal and child health. Secondhand smoke (SHS) has been linked causally with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in major health reports. In 1992, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first noted an association between SHS and SIDS, and both prenatal exposure and postnatal SHS exposure were listed as independent risk factors for SIDS in a 1997 California EPA report (republished in 1999 by the National Cancer Institute) and a 2004 US Surgeon General report. The tobacco industry has used scientific consultants to attack the evidence that SHS causes disease, most often lung cancer. Little is known about the industry’s strategies to contest the evidence on maternal and child health. In 2001, a review was published on SIDS that acknowledged funding from the Philip Morris (PM) tobacco company. Tobacco industry documents related to this review were examined to identify the company’s influence on the content and conclusions of this review. Methods. Tobacco industry documents include 40 million pages of internal memos and reports made available to the public as a result of litigation settlements against the tobacco industry in the United States. Between November 2003 and January 2004, we searched tobacco industry document Internet sites from the University of California Legacy Tobacco Documents Library and the Tobacco Documents Online website. Key terms included “SIDS” and names of key persons. Two authors conducted independent searches with similar key terms, reviewed the documents, and agreed on relevancy through consensus. Thirty documents were identified as relevant. Two drafts (an early version and a final version) of an industry-funded review article on SIDS were identified, and 2 authors independently compared these drafts with the final publication. Formal comments by PM executives made in response to the first draft were also reviewed. We used Science Citation Index in July 2004 to determine citation patterns for the referenced SIDS reviews. Results. PM executives feared that SHS and maternal and child health issues would create a powerful and emotional impetus for smoke-free areas in the home, public areas, and the workplace. In response to the 1992 US EPA report on SHS, the Science and Technology Department of PM’s Switzerland subsidiary, Fabriques de Tabac Reunies, searched for “independent” consultants to publish articles addressing SHS. The first industry-funded article was a literature review focusing on smoking and SIDS, conducted by consultant Peter Lee and co-author Allison Thornton, which stated that the association between parental smoking and SIDS could have been attributable to the failure to control fully for confounders. That first review has only been cited once, in the subsequent industry-funded review. In 1997, PM commissioned a consultant, Frank Sullivan, to write a review, with coauthor Susan Barlow, of all possible risk factors for SIDS. The first draft concluded that prenatal and postnatal smoking exposures are both independent risk factors for SIDS. After receiving comments and meeting with PM scientific executives, Sullivan changed his original conclusions on smoking and SIDS. The final draft was changed to emphasize the effects of prenatal maternal smoking and to conclude that postnatal SHS effects were “less well established.” Changes in the draft to support this new conclusion included descriptions of Peter Lee’s industry-funded review, a 1999 negative but underpowered study of SIDS risk and urinary cotinine levels, and criticisms of the conclusions of the National Cancer Institute report that SHS was causally associated with SIDS. In April 2001, the Sullivan review was published in the United Kingdom journal Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, with a disclosure statement that acknowledged financial support from PM but did not acknowledge contributions from PM executives in the preparation of the review. By 2004, the Sullivan SIDS review had been cited at least 19 times in the medical literature. Conclusions. PM executives responded to corporate concerns about the possible adverse effects of SHS on maternal and child health by commissioning consultants to write review articles for publication in the medical literature. PM executives successfully encouraged one author to change his original conclusion that SHS is an independent risk factor for SIDS to state that the role of SHS is “less well established.” These statements are consistent with PM’s corporate position that active smoking causes disease but only public health officials conclude the same for SHS. The author’s disclosure of industry funding did not reveal the full extent of PM’s involvement in shaping the content of the article. This analysis suggests that accepting tobacco industry funds can disrupt the integrity of the scientific process. The background of this SIDS review is relevant for institutions engaged in the debate about accepting or eschewing funding from the tobacco industry. Those who support acceptance of tobacco industry funds argue that academic authors retain the right to publish their work and maintain final approval of the written product, but this argument fails to recognize that the tobacco industry funds work to ensure that messages favorable to the industry are published and disseminated. Clinicians, parents, and public health officials are most vulnerable to the changed conclusions of the SIDS review. The national SIDS “Back to Sleep” campaign has been very successful in reducing SIDS rates. However, estimates of SIDS risk from SHS (odds ratios range from 1.4 to 5.1) have considerable overlap with estimates of risk from prone sleep positioning (odds ratios range from 1.7 to 12.9). With the Back to Sleep campaign well underway, efforts to address parental smoking behavior in both the prenatal and postnatal periods should be intensified. The tobacco industry’s disinformation campaign on SHS and maternal and child health can be counteracted within clinicians’ offices.Keywords: Articles, Cancer, Change, Children, Citation, Co-Author, Exposure, Funding, Health, Infant, Internet, Journal, Literature, Literature Review, Lung-Cancer, Medical, Medical Literature, Parental Smoking, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure, Preparation, Public Health, Publication, Review, Risk, Risk Factors, Science, Science Citation Index, Secondhand Smoke, Sids, Sleep, Smoking, State, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Technology, Tobacco, Tobacco Industry, United Kingdom, United States, University, US? Sakzewski, L., Ziviani, J. and Boyd, R. (2009), Systematic review and meta-analysis of therapeutic management of upper-limb dysfunction in children with congenital hemiplegia. Pediatrics, 123 (6), E1111-E1122.Full Text: 2009\Pediatrics123, E1111.pdfAbstract: CONTEXT. Rehabilitation for children with congenital hemiplegia to improve function in the impaired upper limb and enhance participation may be time-consuming and costly. OBJECTIVES. To systematically review the efficacy of nonsurgical upper-limb therapeutic interventions for children with congenital hemiplegia. METHODS. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched up to July 2008. Data sources were randomized or quasi-randomized trials and systematic reviews. RESULTS. Twelve studies and 7 systematic reviews met our criteria. Trials had strong methodologic quality (Physiotherapy Evidence Database [PEDro] scale >= 5), and systematic reviews rated strongly (AMSTAR [Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews] score >= 6). Four interventions were identified: intramuscular botulinum toxin A combined with upper-limb training; constraint-induced movement therapy; hand-arm bimanual intensive training; and neurodevelopmental therapy. Data were pooled for upper-limb, self-care, and individualized outcomes. There were small-to-medium treatment effects favoring intramuscular botulinum toxin A and occupational therapy, neurodevelopmental therapy and casting, constraint-induced movement therapy, and hand-arm bimanual intensive training on upper-limb outcomes. There were large treatment effects favoring intramuscular botulinum toxin A and upper-limb training for individualized outcomes. No studies reported participation outcomes. CONCLUSIONS. No one treatment approach seems to be superior; however, injections of botulinum toxin A provide a supplementary benefit to a variety of upper-limb training approaches. Additional research is needed to justify more-intensive approaches such as constraint-induced movement therapy and hand-arm bimanual intensive training. Pediatrics 2009; 123:e1111-e1122.Keywords: Botulinum-Toxin-A, Cerebral Palsy, Cerebral-Palsy, Children, Cochrane, Context, Database, Efficacy, Health, Induced Movement Therapy, Intensive Therapy, Interventions, Literature, Management, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Movement, Neurodevelopmental Therapy, Nursing, Occupational, Occupational Therapy, Occupational-Therapy, Outcomes, Pediatrics, Physiotherapy, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Rehabilitation, Research, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Systematic Reviews, Therapy, Training, Treatment, Upper Extremity Function, Upper Limb, Upper-Limb Rehabilitation, Web of Science, Young-Children? Black, D.S., Milam, J. and Sussman, S. (2009), Sitting-meditation interventions among youth: A review of treatment efficacy. Pediatrics, 124 (3), E532-E541.Full Text: 2009\Pediatrics124, E532.pdfAbstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the efficacy of meditation interventions has been examined among adult samples, meditation treatment effects among youth are relatively unknown. We systematically reviewed empirical studies for the health-related effects of sitting-meditative practices implemented among youth aged 6 to 18 years in school, clinic, and community settings. METHODS: A systematic review of electronic databases (PUBMED, Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Reviews Database, Google Scholar) was conducted from 1982 to 2008, obtaining a sample of 16 empirical studies related to sitting-meditation interventions among youth. RESULTS: Meditation modalities included mindfulness meditation, transcendental meditation, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Study samples primarily consisted of youth with preexisting conditions such as high-normal blood pressure, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities. Studies that examined physiologic outcomes were composed almost entirely of African American/black participants. Median effect sizes were slightly smaller than those obtained from adult samples and ranged from 0.16 to 0.29 for physiologic outcomes and 0.27 to 0.70 for psychosocial/behavioral outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Sitting meditation seems to be an effective intervention in the treatment of physiologic, psychosocial, and behavioral conditions among youth. Because of current limitations, carefully constructed research is needed to advance our understanding of sitting meditation and its future use as an effective treatment modality among younger populations. Pediatrics 2009; 124: e532-e541.Keywords: Adolescents, Adolescents, Adult, Aged, Ambulatory Blood-Pressure, Blood, Blood Pressure, Children, Cochrane, Database, Databases, Disorder, Efficacy, Google Scholar, Impact, Intervention, Interventions, Learning, Literature Review, Meditation, Metaanalysis, Mindfulness, Mindfulness Meditation, Outcomes, Pediatrics, Pressure, Psychosocial, Psychosocial Stress, Psychotherapy, Pubmed, Research, Review, Science, Self-Report, Stress, Stress Reduction, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Transcendental-Meditation, Treatment, Web of Science, Youth? Curtis, S., Stobart, K., Vandermeer, B., Simel, D.L. and Klassen, T. (2010), Clinical features suggestive of meningitis in children: A systematic review of prospective data. Pediatrics, 126 (5), 952-960.Full Text: 2010\Pediatrics126, 952.pdfAbstract: CONTEXT: Clinical diagnosis of pediatric meningitis is fundamental; therefore, familiarity with evidence underscoring clinical features suggestive of meningitis is important. OBJECTIVE: To seek evidence supporting accuracy of clinical features of pediatric bacterial meningitis. METHODS: A review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, and PUBMED was conducted for all articles of relevance. Articles contained prospective data of clinical features in children with laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis and in comparison groups of those without it. Two authors independently assessed quality and extracted data to calculate accuracy data of clinical features. RESULTS: of 14 145 references initially identified, 10 met our inclusion criteria. On history, a report of bulging fontanel (likelihood ratio [LR]: 8.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-26]), neck stiffness (7.70 [3.2-19]), seizures (outside febrile-convulsion age range) (4.40 [3.0-6.4]), or reduced feeds (2.00 [1.2-3.4]) raised concern about the presence of meningitis. On examination, jaundice (LR: 5.90 [95% CI: 1.8-19]), being toxic or moribund (5.80 [3.0-11]), meningeal signs (4.50 [2.4-8.3]), neck stiffness (4.00 [2.6-6.3]), bulging fontanel (3.50 [2.0-6.0]), Kernig sign (3.50 [2.1-5.7]), tone up (3.20 [2.2-4.5]), fever of > 40 degrees C (2.90 [1.6-5.5]), and Brudzinski sign (2.50 [1.8-3.6]) independently raised the likelihood of meningitis. The absence of meningeal signs (LR: 0.41 [95% CI: 0.30-0.57]) and an abnormal cry (0.30 [0.16-0.57]) independently lowered the likelihood of meningitis. The absence of fever did not rule out meningitis (LR: 0.70 [95% CI: 0.53-0.92]). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for several useful clinical features that influence the likelihood of pediatric meningitis exists. No isolated clinical feature is diagnostic, and the most accurate diagnostic combination is unclear. Pediatrics 2010;126:952-960.Keywords: Accuracy, Acute Bacterial-Meningitis, Acute Onset, Articles, Authors, Bacterial Meningitis, Children, Context, Convulsions, Diagnosis, Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Etiology, Fever, Health, History, Infants, Likelihood Ratio, Likelihood Ratios, Literature, Lumbar Puncture, Meta-Analysis, Nursing, Pediatric, Pediatrics, Physical Examination, Predictors, Pubmed, Ratio, Review, Science, Sensitivity, Signs, Specificity, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science? Rosen, L.J., Ben Noach, M., Winickoff, J.P. and Hovell, M.F. (2012), Parental smoking cessation to protect young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 129 (1), 141-152.Full Text: 2012\Pediatrics129, 141.pdfAbstract: BACKGROUND: Young children can be protected from much of the harm from tobacco smoke exposure if their parents quit smoking. Some researchers encourage parents to quit for their children’s benefit, but the evidence for effectiveness of such approaches is mixed. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the effects of interventions that encourage parental cessation. METHODS: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Controlled trials published before April 2011 that targeted smoking parents of infants or young children, encouraged parents to quit smoking for their children’s benefit, and measured parental quit rates were included. Study quality was assessed. Relative risks and risk differences were calculated by using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. RESULTS: Eighteen trials were included. Interventions took place in hospitals, pediatric clinical settings, well-baby clinics, and family homes. Quit rates averaged 23.1% in the intervention group and 18.4% in the control group. The interventions successfully increased the parental quit rate. Subgroups with significant intervention benefits were children aged 4 to 17 years, interventions whose primary goal was cessation, interventions that offered medications, and interventions with high follow-up rates (>80%). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to achieve cessation among parents, for the sake of the children, provide a worthwhile addition to the arsenal of cessation approaches, and can help protect vulnerable children from harm due to tobacco smoke exposure. However, most parents do not quit, and additional strategies to protect children are needed. Pediatrics 2012; 129: 141-152.Keywords: Aged, Asthmatic-Children, Cessation, Children, Cochrane, Control, Differences, Effectiveness, Environmental Tobacco-Smoke, Ets Exposure, Exposure, Family, Follow-Up, Homes, Hospitals, Infants, Intervention, Interventions, Latino Children, Low-Income Children, Maternal Smoking, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Model, Parenting, Parents, Passive Smoking, Pediatric, Pediatrics, Primary, Pubmed, Quality, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Relapse Prevention Intervention, Researchers, Respiratory Illness, Review, Risk, Science, Second Hand Smoke, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Systematic, Systematic Review, Systematic Reviews, Tobacco, Tobacco Use, Smoking, Web of Science, Web-of-ScienceTitle: Pediatrics InternationalFull Journal Title: Pediatrics InternationalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Okamoto, S., Rahman, M. and Fukui, T. (2004), Japan’s contribution to clinical pediatrics research in the last decade. Pediatrics International, 46 (1), 1-4.Full Text: 2004\Ped Int46, 1.pdfAbstract: Objective: To determine Japan’s contribution to research in clinical pediatrics over the last decade. Methods: Articles published in highly reputable pediatrics journals from 1991-2000 were accessed through the MEDLINE database. The number of articles which had an affiliation with a Japanese institution were counted for each of the journals and also summed in total. Proportions of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control/cohort studies among the articles from Japan were also generated and compared with the average for the entirety. In addition, shares of the top-ranking countries were presented along with their trend over time. Results: In total, 20 189 articles were published in the selected seven pediatric journals from 1991-2000. Japan contributed 3.0% of these articles and this contribution was ranked 7th in the world. A negative trend was noticed in Japan’s contribution over time but it was not statistically significant (z=-0.40, P=0.16). RCTs accounted for 7.3% of the total articles, but only 0.34% of those from Japan. Conclusions: Japan’s share of articles in pediatrics research was smaller than that in basic science and some of the other clinical fields. The number of articles from Japan providing a high level of evidence was meager in this field.Keywords: Affiliation, Clinical, Database, Evidence, Field, Japan, Journals, MEDLINE, Pediatric, Pediatrics, Randomized, Randomized Controlled Trials, Research, Science, Trend, WorldTitle: PedosphereFull Journal Title: PedosphereISO Abbreviated Title: PedosphereJCR Abbreviated Title: PedosphereISSN: 1002-0160Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Lu, X.N. and Lu, Y.F. (1992), Kinetics of K desorption from soils in a constant electric field and its application. Pedosphere, 2, 201-208.Full Text: 1992\Pedosphere2, 201.pdf? Chen, T.H., Peng, S.C., Xu, H.F., Shi, X.L. and Huang, C.H. (2005), Mechanism for Cu2+ sorption on palygorskite. Pedosphere, 15 (3), 334-340.Full Text: 2005\Pedosphere15, 334.pdfAbstract: A single-factor experiment of copper ion adsorption on pure palygorskite was carried out to understand the Cu2+ sorption of palygorskite-an important clay mineral in soil and sedimentary rock. In addition, pH of the solution and the surface microstructure of palygorskite were investigated before and after adsorption. The experimental results indicated that efficiency of Cu2+ removal was related to the oscillation rate of the specimen shaker, sorption time, initial pH value and the amount of adsorbent added. Palygorskite induced Cu2+ hydrolysis and interaction between copper hydroxide colloids and palygorskite surfaces, as observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were the main contributions to palygorskite removal of Cu2+. This mechanism was different from adsorption at the mineral-water interface. It was proposed that surface hydrolysis of palygorskite raised the alkalinity of the palygorskite-water interface and suspension system. Thus, the induced pH of the solution was then high enough for Cu2+ hydrolysis on the mineral surface and in solution.Keywords: Copper Ion, Palygorskite, Sorption Mechanism, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Contaminated Soils, Montmorillonite, Metals? Lu, X.N., Xu, J.M., Ma, W.Z. and Lu, Y.F. (2007), Comparison of seven kinetic equations for K release and application of kinetic parameters. Pedosphere, 17 (1), 124-129.Full Text: 2007\Pedosphere17, 124.pdfAbstract: Corn field experiments with two treatments, NP and NPK, where N in the form of urea, P in the form of calcium phosphate, and K in the form of KCl were applied at rates of 187.5, 33.3, and 125 kg ha-1, respectively, on soils derived from Quaternary red clay were conducted in the hilly red soil region of Zhejiang Province, China. Plant grains and stalks were collected for determination of K content. Seven equations were used to describe the kinetics of K release from surface soil samples taken before the corn experiments under electric field strengths of 44.4 and 88.8 V cm-1 by means of electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) and to determine if their parameters had a practical application. The second-order and Elovich equations excellently described K release; the first-order, power function, and parabolic diffusion equations also described K release well; but the zero-order and exponential equations were not so good at reflecting K release. Five reference standards from the field experiments, including relative grain yield (yield of the NP treatment/yield of the NPK treatment), relative dry matter yield (dry matter of the NP treatment/dry matter of the NPK treatment), quantity of K uptake in the NP treatment (no K application), soil exchangeable K, and soil HNO3-soluble K, were used to test the effectiveness of equation parameters obtained from the slope or intercept of these equations. Correlations of the y(max) (the maximum desorbable quantity of K) in the second-order equation and the constant b in the first-order and Elovich equations to all five reference standards were highly significant (P <= 0.01). The constant a in the power function equation was highly significant (P <= 0.01) for four of the five reference standards with the fifth being significant (P <= 0.05). The constant b in the parabolic equation was also significantly correlated (P <= 0.05) to the relative grain yield and soil HNO3- soluble K. These suggested that all of these parameters could be used to estimate the soil K supplying capacity and the crop response to K fertilizer.Keywords: Corn, K Release, Kinetic Equation, Kinetic Parameters, Potassium Release, Phosphate Release, Calcareous Soils, FieldTitle: Periodicum BiologorumFull Journal Title: Periodicum BiologorumISO Abbreviated Title: Period. Biol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Period BiolISSN: 0031-5362Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: CroatiaLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Periodicum BiologorumPublisher Address: Hrvatsko Prirodoslovno Drustvo Ilica 16/111, 41000 Zagreb, CroatiaSubject Categories: Biology: Impact Factor 0.087, / (2000)? Maricic, S., Gruden, N. and Vajdicka, N. (1981), Bibliometrical analysis of scientific-information in medical literature from Yugoslavia. Periodicum Biologorum, 83 (3), 332-333.Keywords: Scientific Information? Knezevic, B. (1990), Quantitative parameters identified by bibliometric method in medical sciences. Periodicum Biologorum, 92 (2), 241-243.? Divic, J. (1994), Survey of Croatian science from Science Citation Index between 1985 and 1992 scientometrics: One possible approach. Periodicum Biologorum, 96 (2), 187-196.Abstract: Science and technology are critical elements of a nation’s economic, cultural and political strength. Understandably, new nations have great interest in developing strong science and technology. The first step involves assessment of past and present research and developments, measurement of the effectiveness of research expeditures, assessment of strengths and weaknesses, placement of priorities for future development, and careful monitoring of performance etc. Assessment of these entities require an objective, accurate method of evaluation. One possibility is scientometrics, a discipline that uses quantitative data, such as publication counts, citation counts, or pending patents, as a measure of scientific performance. Scientometrics has been employed to analyze Croatian science. ALI data shown here were retrieved from Science Citation Index and are available on compact disc (CD-ROM) from 1985 to 1992. Croatian science is seemingly not productive (only) 0.5 papers published per scientist or technician over an eight years period), poorly cited and underfinanced. Yet, if we divide the total number of some European countries’ papers published over the same period by the number of US dollars invested in research and development in one year, Croatia stands second only to Denmark. Croatian scientists have reached out internationally and data reveal more cooperative research with international scientists (54%) than with colleagues in former Yugoslavia (7%). Croatian science is centralized in scientific institutions and faculties, while relatively neglected in major industry (72% of papers). Croatian science is also centralized in one center, 91% of ail papers published come out of Zagreb. Furthermore, despite the usual suppressive effect of war on the scientific production, armed aggression against Croatia has not shown that effect thus far. Most of the papers published in 1991 and 1992 are the, result of works done in previous years, but still in 1993, three years after the war broke, Croatian scientific output rose from 657 papers in 1991 to 682 papers in 1992 and 765 papers in 1993 (11). This is possibly because many scientists have left Croatia due to the war and found temporary jobs abroad, where they still publish papers using Croatian addresses. Changes in economic policy such as Markovic’s financial program in 1990, have had positive effects (increases of more than 20%) on scientific performance, as well as announcement of Croatian and Slovenian independency. This suggests that more specific changes in scientific policy could ever further improve scientific performance.? Jokic, M. (2000), Scientometric evaluation of the projects in biology funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Croatia, in the 1991-1996 period. Periodicum Biologorum, 102 (1), 129-142.Abstract: Background and purpose: This study covers 91 projects in the field of biology funded, during the 1991-1996 period, by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Croatia. The projects were carried out by 21 research units. These included the following university institutions. the four biological departments of the Faculty of Natural Sciences in Zagreb (Molecular Biology Animal Physiology Botany and Zoology), the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Faculty of Agriculture, the Faculty of Forestry the Faculty of Food Science and Technology the Medical School in Zagreb, the Medical School in Rijeka, the Faculty of Education in Osijek, and the Faculty of Natural Sciences in Split. The participating non-university institutes were: the Rudjer Boskovic Institute (IRB), the institute for Oceanography and Fisheries in Split the Institute of forestry in Jastrebarsko, the BC - Institute of Plant Breeding and Production, the Institute for Medical Research, and the PLIVA Research Institute. The Croatian Museum of Natural History and the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts with their departments in Zagreb and Osijek also received project support. A total of 494 research professionals, working alone (10 projects), or in teams of up to 20 (1 project) individuals, participated in the projects under consideration. The purpose of this study was to document the scientific productivity of these projects and the scientific impact of the published results. The data we present will hopefully facilitate the evaluation of the projects by the Croatian Ministry of Science and Technology.Material and Methods: Scientific productivity was measured by the number of publications indexed in the two most relevant secondary sources, the Science Citation Index (SCI) and the Biological Abstracts (BIOSIS). Scientific impact was evaluated by citation analysis. The specific differences between biological disciplines concerning publication rates and citation dynamics were duly considered. The extent of communication within individual projects was deduced by evaluating co-authorship on joint publications.Results and Conclusion: The Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology and the Rudjer Boskovic Institute were the most productive research institutions. On the other hand, as many as 21 (23.07%) projects did not result in any published papers indexed in the SCI. Six projects (6.5%) did not even publish in journals covered by BIOSIS (a considerably less exclusive secondary source than the SCI), i. e. they failed in scientific productivity. Articles by authors from as many as 16 projects were not cited in SCI-registered journals. Concerning the 90 principal investigators (project leaders), 31 (34.4%) did not publish any papers in SCI-indexed periodicals, whereas the 15 most productive individuals accomplished an output of 10-43 articles. of the research professionals (excluding principal investigators) included in th e projects under consideration, 233 (56.9%) did not author any SCI-indexed paper: Surprisingly 37% of the scientists selected as principal investigators for the current (1991-1999) funding cycle are without SCI-indexed publications for the 1991-1996 period.Keywords: Analysis, Biology, Biotechnology, Citation, Citation Analysis, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Communication, Croatia, Dynamics, Evaluation, Institutions, Journals, Papers, Periodicals, Publication, Publications, Research, SCI, Science Citation Index, University? Jokic, M. (2003), Evaluation of Croatian journals covered by the ISI databases (Institute for Scientific Information). Periodicum Biologorum, 105 (1), 95-98.Full Text: 2003\Per Bio105, 95.pdfAbstract: The importance of ISI databases, citation indexes or Web of Science (WoS), and journal Citation Report (ICR) and Current Contents (CC) databases in journal evaluation is discussed in this article, Actually, the emphasis in the analysis was on JCR and the impact factor (IF). Impact factors of Croatian journals covered in JCR were analyzed, Also, a comparison was made between the impact factor of journals from candidate countries for EU membership: Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Malta, Cyprus, and Turkey in order to obtain a realistic picture of the status of Croatian journals. Several reasons were stated to account for the current status of Croatian journals covered in the JCR database.Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Indexes, Countries, Databases, EU, Evaluation, Hungary, Impact, Impact Factor, Indexes, ISI, JCR, Journal, Journals, Science, Scientific Information, Slovenia, Turkey, Web of Science, Web-of-Science, WOS? Jermen, N. (2004), Analysis of doctoral theses in biology submitted at the Faculty of Science in Zagreb from 1950 to 2000. Periodicum Biologorum, 106 (4), 461-466.Full Text: 2004\Per Bio106, 461.pdfAbstract: Background and Purpose: The aim of this research was to provide an insight into the situation and the development of biology in Croatia since 1950 to 2000 by the analysis of doctoral theses as a specific source of information. One of the tasks of the research was to determine the accessibility of analyzed theses to the world’s scientific community through their representation in the Dissertation Abstracts International. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 344 doctoral theses submitted at the Faculty of Science from 1950 (the submission of the first thesis) to 2000. The theses were assessed by the following bibliometric indicators: year of publication, number of pages, number of references, language in which they were written, presence of an abstract, field of research, and institutions where they were carried out. A better understanding of the demographic situation among Croatian biologists with a doctoral degree was obtained by the analysis of their gender; age, employment and participation in international collaboration. Results and Conclusions: The number of theses rose over tune, with 1990’s accounting for a third of all the theses submitted. The mean number of pages and references per thesis was 154 and 156, respectively. Theses were written mainly in Croatian (95%); 21% did not contain an abstract. The study found that marine biology was the area of main research, with thesis work carried out primarily in universities and public institutes (73%). Over half of those who were awarded a doctorate were women (55%), and the average age was 38. The majority (64%) remained in universities and public institutes, with 8% ultimately leaving the country. The study also found that international collaboration has increased since the 1990’s. The search of Dissertation Abstracts International showed that theses are not represented in it and thus cannot be considered accessible to the scientific community.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biology, Collaboration, Croatia, Demographic Analysis, Development, Dissertation Abstract International, Doctoral Theses, Indicators, Publication, Research, Scientometrics, Universities? Sapunar, D., Kosti?, S., Bano?i?, A., Ferhatovi?, L. and Puljak, L. (2011), Pain research in Croatia: Analysis of bibliometric trends. Periodicum Biologorum, 113 (2), 137-140.Full Text: 2011\Per Bio113, 137.pdfAbstract: Background and Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate number and type of Croatian publications in the field of pain research, and to compare it with peers. Material and Methods: The raw data were collected during February 2011 from the three Current Contents (CC) database subsets: Life Sciences, Clinical Medicine, and Social & Behavioral Sciences. We combined two data sets: the one with articles published by authors affiliated with Croatian institutions and the one with pain-related keywords. We studied number of publications, their impact factors and type of collaborations. Publications of Croatian authors in the field of pain research were compared with identical dataset comprising articles published by researchers from Graz, Austria, because of its comparable scientific production. Results: From 1998 to 2011, scientists from Croatian institutions published 194 pain-related articles indexed in CC, compared to 187 articles published by their peels from Graz. The 32% percent of articles were published in the local low-impact journals. The number of Croatian research publications in the field of pain is steadily increasing. However, an average impact factor of journals in our cohort was significantly lower compared to peels from Graz. Conclusion: Although the number of manuscripts in the field of pain research in Croatia is increasing, the quality of published articles is still low. We propose that Croatian Association for the Treatment of Pain should take actions for enhancing pain research in Croatia, as well as increasing the visibility and impact of Croatian pain-related research that can be transposed to other research fields and transitional countries.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Collaborations, Croatia, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Journals, Life, Low, Manuscripts, Methods, Pain, Pain Research, Paper, Publications, Quality, Research, Researchers, Science Policy, Sciences, Scientific Production, Scientometrics, Trends, VisibilityTitle: Peritoneal Dialysis InternationalFull Journal Title: Peritoneal Dialysis InternationalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Chen, T.W., Chou, L.F. and Chen, T.J. (2007), World trend of peritoneal dialysis publications. Peritoneal Dialysis International, 27 (2), 173-178.Abstract: Objectives: To analyze the trend of global peritoneal dialysis (PD) publications, especially of publications in Peritoneal Dialysis International (PDI), from 1991 to 2005 according to the Institute for Scientific Information databases of the Thomson Corporation. Methods: Data were down loaded from the Web of Science, which includes the databases of Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index. The searching strategies were key-in of ‘peritoneal dialysis’ in general search and of ‘S0=Peritoneal Dialysis International’ in advanced search. Only articles and reviews were included in the analysis. The analysis was stratified by publication year, journal, author, country of each author’s affiliation, and citation count of each paper. Results: There were 7618 PD papers (6991 articles and 627 reviews) in 887 journals; 15.8% of them (n = 1204) were published in PDI. The annual outputs of global PD publications has been more than 500 papers since 1996, with a peak of 665 articles in 2003. In total, 18531 authors from 102 countries and areas contributed to PO publications. Authors from the USA were present in 30.6% of all papers although their global share decreased with time. A PD paper received an average of 12.7 citations. A review received more citations than an article (17.0 vs 12.3 on average), yet statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.216, Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions: The number of PD research societies in the world has been growing during the past 15 years. More and more research is from countries other than the USA and the United Kingdom. Papers on PD have thus been published in many journals; other than PDI, the leading journal in PD. However, the growth rate of PD publications in the world is diminishing. We present here the most Likely reasons for the decrease in PD publications and propose suggestions for PDI to keep its leading role in the development of PD.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citations, Databases, Development, Dialysis, General, Global, Growth, Growth Rate, Institute For Scientific Information, Journal, Journal Impact Factor, Nephrology, Paper, PD, Peritoneal Dialysis, PO, Publication, Publications, Publishing, Research, Review, Reviews, Role, Science Citation Index, Searching, Strategies, Test, Trend, United Kingdom, USA, Web of ScienceTitle: Personality and Individual DifferencesFull Journal Title: Personality and Individual DifferencesISO Abbreviated Title: Pers. Individ. Differ.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pers Indiv DifferISSN: 0191-8869Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, EnglandSubject Categories: Psychology, Social: Impact Factor 0.975, / (2001)Furnham, A. and Bonnett, C. (1992), British research productivity in psychology 1980–1989. Does the Lotka-Price law apply to university departments as it does to individuals? Personality and Individual Differences, 13 (12), 1333-1341.Full Text: P\Per Ind Dif13, 1333.pdfAbstract: This study replicated two American studies which set out to look at research productivity in British (university and polytechnic) psychology departments based on publication in the seven BPS journals over the last decade. Composite productivity scores were calculated, rank-ordered, and compared with previous reputational ratings. The correlation between the productivity score and Rushton’s [(1989) The Psychologist, 2, 64–68] citation score was r=0.79 and his publication score was r=0.77. Despite the fact that quite different methods have been used to rate or rank departmental excellence or output, they seem to show highly significant correlations. The effect of highly productive individuals within departments was considered. The dangers and limitations inherent in this particular productivity count are listed. The results seemed to suggest that the Lotka-Price law of scientific productivity partly applied to departments in that half of all scientific contributions are made by (slightly more than) the square root of the total number of scientific contributors (in this sense psychology departments).Rushton, J.P. (2001), A scientometric appreciation of H. J. Eysenck’s contributions to psychology. Personality and Individual Differences, 31 (1), 17-39.Full Text: P\Per Ind Dif31, 17.pdfAbstract: This article describes Hans Eysenck’s productivity, his citations, his students, his department, his journals, his personality in relation to his scientific achievement, his legacy, and a personal note of appreciation. Eysenck’s influence brought the ‘London School’ of psychology into the twenty-first century. Originating in Darwin’s theory of evolution and the psychometrics of Galton, Spearman, Pearson, and Burt, Eysenck applied it to individual differences in social behavior and its modifiability. Even before starting his own department in 1950, Eysenck had begun work on his theory of personality, including its genetic and environmental basis and its applications to the neuroses. His work also examined the inefficacy of psychoanalysis, the relation between heritable personality traits and crime, sexuality, genius, and race, and the use of behavior therapy and vitamin-mineral supplements to modify behavior. Before his death, Eysenck had published over 1000 journal articles and book chapters and 80 books, an average of an article or book chapter every 2 weeks for 50 years and a book every 9 months. When he died, he was the most cited living psychologist and he is the third most cited psychologist of all time (after Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget). In this writer’s opinion, Hans Eysenck was the single most important psychologist who ever lived. His citation legacy will be tracked for decades to come.Keywords: Behavior Genetics, Personality, Intelligence, Citations, History of Psychology, H. J. EysenckTitle: Personality and Social Psychology BulletinFull Journal Title: Personality and Social Psychology BulletinISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Gordon, R.A. and Vicari, P.J. (1992), Eminence in social-psychology - A comparison of textbook citation, social-sciences citation index, and research productivity rankings. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18 (1), 26-38.Abstract: Individual eminence in social psychology was examined through a textbook citation analysis conducted on eight current (1987-1990) social psychology textbooks. These data were subsequently compared with data collected from an assessment of individual research productivity in psychology for the decade of the 1980s based on publications listed in the PsycINFO database and citation counts from the 1987-1989 volumes of the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Comparisons were made between the textbook citation results and findings from three previous related studies. The results revealed significant relationships between the different citation measures and between the research productivity and SSCI citation measure but not between the textbook citation and research productivity measures. The relative validity of each of the measures used in the study as an index of scientific eminence is discussed.Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Counts, Data, Database, Index, Measure, Productivity, Psychology, Psycinfo, Publications, Research, Research Productivity, Social, SSCI, Textbooks, ValidityTitle: Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??oFull Journal Title: Perspectivas em Ciencia da InformacaoISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Maia, M.D.S. and Caregnato, S.E. (2008), Co-authorship as an indicator of scientific collaboration network. Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??o, 13 (2), 18-31.Full Text: 2008\Per Cie Inf13, 18.pdfAbstract: The article is a bibliometric study on the scientific collaboration networks between professors in the Graduate program in Epidemiology from the Federal University of Pelotas (PPGE/UFPel). The characteristics of the colloboration were studied by means of co-authorship of articles published in journals between 1991 and 2002. The analysis showed that professors publish more shared than single authorship articles. Correlation between productivity and collaboration was not found, since productivity rate and authorship rate per paper did not exhibit the same trend, i.e., the number of published papers increased whereas the number of collaborators was maintained. The analysis of social networks revealed a configuration around the most productive professors.Keywords: Analysis, Analysis of Social Networks, Authorship, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Bibliometry, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Coauthorship Networks, Collaboration, Collaboration Networks, Configuration, Impact, Journals, Network, Papers, Patterns, Productivity, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Collaboration Networks, Scientific Communication, Social Networks, University? Fanani, A. and Martins, C.A. (2008), Brazilian Scientific Literature about Health Information Science indexed on LILACS Database from 1982 to 2006. Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??o, 13 (3), 183-194.Abstract: This paper presents a statistical analysis of the documents related to the Information Science indexed on LILACS Database in order to identify the articles and publications of the information professionals working in Health Care. We have considered the following criteria to characterize the articles and publications: authors, theme, local, year, and type of publication. The authors have concluded that the indexed publications. The authors have concluded that the indexed publications on Health Information Science are not significant when compared to the whole content of the database.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometrics, Database, Health Science, Information Science, Publication, Publications, Science, Scientific Indicators, Scientific Literature, Statistical Analysis? Martins, C.A. and Braile, D.M. (2009), Scientometric analysis of journals from Health Science and related areas available at Portal de Periodicos da Capes. Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??o, 14 (3), 75-93.Abstract: Scientometrics was used to analyze the literature on journals from Health Science and related areas in Portal de Periodicos da Capes, aiming at providing support for the alignment of Public Policies for S&T, characterize the literature, and to produce instructional material for bibliographic searches. It was concluded that there is an excessive amount of duplicated scientific journals, the national literature is underrepresented, disproportion between the amount of titles subscribed in different subjects, insufficiency of titles in some areas; and also the inability of Qualis/Capes System to classify scientific journals.Keywords: Health Sciences, Portal de Periodicos da Capes, Science, Scientific Journals, Scientometric Analysis, Scientometrics? Mugnaini, R. and Efrain-Garcia, P. (2009), Methodological influences on impact measurement: The case of Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and its “qualification”. Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??o, 14 (3), 179-189.Abstract: In recent years, the availabity of citation indexes for evaluation of Brazilian scientific production has increased. The comparison between the results of the methodologies used to estimate indicators in the citation reports of SciELO database and in Journal Citation Reports (ISI-Thomson Scientific) made it possible to evaluate implications associated to the Brazilian scientific policy (Qualis), regarding some specific criteria. A period of 10 years was considered, taking into account two bibliometric indicators (the total of citations in a year and the Impact Factor) of the journal Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, which is indexed in both indexes. The correction of the indicators associated to this journal showed that the differences in the citation indexed were more expressive in 2001, having decreased in the last years. This reduction gives credibility to both databases, validating their systems for the production of bibliometric indicators.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Evaluation, Impact Factor, Journal, Scientific Evaluation, Scientific Policy, Scientific Production? Vanz, S.A.D. and Stumpf, I.R.C. (2010), Scientific collaboration: Theoretical and conceptual review. Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??o, 15 (2), 42-55.Abstract: Collaboration has been attracting the interest of the scientific community for several years and many studies have been conducted to understand the evolution of the phenomenon and its relation to science and its communication. This article presents an overview of theoretical and conceptual aspects of co-authorship and scientific collaboration in Brazilian and international literature in an attempt to define this practice from different perspectives and show some of the motivations behind it.Keywords: Bibliometrics, China, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Evolution, Indicator, Information, International Collaboration, Multiple Authorship, Network, Patterns, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientometrics? Maricato, J.D., Noronha, D.P. and Fujino, A. (2010), Bibliometric analysis of technological production in biodiesel: contributions for ST&I policy. Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??o, 15 (2), 89-107.Abstract: This paper analyzes the international technological production on biodiesel using bibliometric indicators of patents. The data were gathered from Derwent Innovations Index, from 2000 to 2007. The evolution of patent registration by organizations and individuals was analyzed as well as the classification of inventions. The results are useful to visualize the dynamics of technological production on biodiesel and lay grounds for reflections on use of bibliometric indicators and for ST&I policy in the biodiesel field.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics Indicators, Biodiesel Technology, Patents, Production, Scientific and Technology Policies? Pinto, A.L., Igami, M.P.Z. and Bresssiani, J.C. (2010), Visibility and scientific surveillance in the nuclear area and related sciences: A perspective from the productivity of the IPEN-CNEN/SP. Perspectivas em Ciência da Informa??o, 15 (2), 198-218.Abstract: The main objective of this paper was to monitor and obtain indicators concerning the international visibility of the scientific activities developed in IPEN-CNEN/SP. The articles published along the three decades and registered in the Web of Science (WoS) were used as parameters. It was possible to identify the central journal and author nucleus, index of visibility and collaboration as well as the scientific growth. Scientometric and Bibliometric instruments were used for data analysis. The results obtained confirms a significative IPEN visibility in WoS.Keywords: Analysis, Author, Bibliometric Indicators, Nuclear Energy, Scientific Articles, Scientific Production, Visibility, Web of ScienceTitle: Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and SystematicsFull Journal Title: Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and SystematicsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Petrik, P., Pergl, J. and Wild, J. (2010), Recording effort biases the species richness cited in plant distribution atlases. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 12 (1), 57-65.Full Text: 2010\Per Pla Eco Evo Sys12, 57.pdfAbstract: This paper explores potential biases due to recording effort in the species richness (number of vascular plant species) recorded in grid-mapping projects. In this study, we review 80 regional and national grid Central European Basic Area (CEBA) mapping projects on the vascular plant flora of Central Europe. The measures of recording effort used were the duration of the mapping project, resolution of the mapping grid and number of botanists involved. Furthermore, several environmental and geographic factors associated with the variation in species richness were used as covariables: the number of phytosociological units in the Map of Potential Natural Vegetation of Europe, altitudinal range, annual precipitation, mean January and June temperatures and geographical location of the study areas. The effects of individual factors on species richness were compared by multiple regression and hierarchical partitioning. Both methods indicated a bias in observed species richness clue to recording effort. Multiple regression indicated a significant role of duration of study, and hierarchical partitioning revealed significant effects of duration, number of botanists and used resolution. Of the variation in the total number of species recorded, 8% was attributed to the duration of mapping, 9% to the used resolution, and 7% to the number of botanists involved in mapping. However, this bias was scale-dependent. Although the sampling effect can be neglected on a broad scale, on a finer scale a significant amount of the variation in plant species richness can be ascribed to recording effort. This indicates the need for a standard approach in mapping and analysing patterns of species richness. (c) 2009 Rubel Foundation, ETH Zurich. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Keywords: Area Relationship, Bias, Biodiversity, Biodiversity Assessment, Botanical Mapping, British-Isles, Climate, Diversity Patterns, Ecology, Europe, Floristic Changes, Latitudinal Gradient, Review, Scale, Scale Dependence, Spatial Scales, Species-Area Relationship, Vascular PlantsTitle: Perspectives on Psychological ScienceFull Journal Title: Perspectives on Psychological ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Safer, M.A. and Tang, R. (2009), The psychology of referencing in psychology journal articles. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4 (1), 51-53.Full Text: 2009\Per Psy Sci4, 51.pdfAbstract: Citation statistics can affect major professional decisions, but little is known about how important a particular reference is to the citing document. We asked 49 psychologists to rate the importance of every reference in their own empirical paper and to indicate the primary citation reason. References cited for conceptual ideas or to justify methods and data analyses were regarded as more important than references cited for general background, limitations, or future research. The location, frequency, and length of a citation predicted its importance, but such relationships were weaker for self-citations. We make suggestions about referencing for authors, editors, and bibliographic database designers.Keywords: Bibliographic Database, Citation, Citations, Psychology, References, Referencing, Research, Self Citations, Self-Citations, StatisticsTitle: PertanikaFull Journal Title: PertanikaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor Lee, C.K., Low, K.S., Phoon, A. and Loi, P.S.T. (1983), Heavy metals in some Malaysian mosses. Pertanika, 6 (3), 48-55.? Tan, W.T. (1985), Copper(II) adsorption by waste tea leaves and coffee powder [the insoluble portion of roast coffee]. Pertanika, 8 (2), 223-230.? Lee, C.K. and Low, K.S. (1987), Determination of arsenic in cocoa beans by hydride generation with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Pertanika, 10 (11), 60-75.Low, K.S. and Lee, C.K. (1987), The sorption characteristics of lead and copper by the moss, Calymperes delessertii Besch. Pertanika, 10 (3), 321-326.Lee, C.K. and Low, K.S. (1987), The removal of cationic dyes by a natural moss: I. Adsorption studies. Pertanika, 10 (3), 327-334.? Vishwakarma, P., Yadava, K.P. and Singh, V.N. (1987), Nickel(II) removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on fly ash. Pertanika, 12, 357-366.Low, K.S. and Lee, C.K. (1990), The removal of cationic dyes using coconut husk as an adsorbent. Pertanika, 13 (2), 221-228.McKay, G., El-Geund, M.S. and Abdul Wahab, M.Z. (1991), An analytical two resistance mass transfer model for dye adsorption on bagasse pith. Pertanika, 13 (3), 395-403.Title: Pesquisa Agropecuaria BrasileiraFull Journal Title: Pesquisa Agropecuaria BrasileiraISO Abbreviated Title: Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pesqui Agropecu BrasISSN: 0100-204XIssues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: BrazilLanguage: PortuguesePublisher: Empresa Brasil Pesq AgropecPublisher Address: Publisher Embrapa-Spi-Pab Sain-Parque Rural Norte, Caixa Postal 04 0315, 70770-901 Brasilia, BrazilSubject Categories: Agriculture, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 0.133, / (2002)? Dematte, J.B.I. and Dematte, M.E.S.P. (1996), Water studies on substrates of vegetal origin for epiphytic orchid cultivation. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 31 (11), 803-813.Abstract: Different growing media were compared as to water adsorption and water loss, at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, through a three-year period. The objective was to recommend substrates other than tree fern fiber for cultivation of epiphytic orchids. Two treatments of each substrate were used in each sampling: materials stored in laboratory (without use) and materials exposed to conditions of orchid cultivation under laths (used). Generally, the substrates without use adsorbed less water than used substrates. When materials without use were compared, the tree fern fiber retained initially the greatest quantity of water and the blocks of pressed coconut bark, the smallest. However, these blocks gained a great capacity of water adsorption after being used. Charcoal added to the growing media did not cause significant alterations in the studied characteristics. In terms of water relations, the best growing mediate substitute the tree fern fiber were composed by blocks of pressed coconut bark or by mixtures of this material with charcoal or Eucalyptus grandis bark. Bark of E. grandis alone or in mixture with charcoal did not give good results.Keywords: Orchidaceae, Growing Media, Water Adsorption, Water Loss? Casagrande, J.C., Soaresl, M.R. and Moutal, E.R. (2008), Zinc adsorption in highly weathered soils. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 43 (1), 131-139.Full Text: 2008\Pes Agr Bra43, 131.pdfAbstract: The objective of this work was to assess the effects of pH and ionic strength upon zinc adsorption, in three highly weathered variable charge soils. Adsorption isotherms were elaborated from batch adsorption experiments, with increasing Zn concentrations (0-80 mg L-1), and adsorption envelopes were constructed through soil samples reactions with 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mol L-1 Ca(NO3)2 solutions containing 5 mg L-1 of Zn, with an increasing pH value from 3 to 8. Driving force of reaction was, quantified by Gibbs free energy and separation factor. Isotherms were C-, H- and L-type and experimental results were fitted to nonlinear Langmuir model. Maximum adsorption ranged from 59-810 mg kg-1, and Zn affinity was greater in subsoil (0.13-0.81 L kg-1) than in the topsoil samples (0.01-0.34 L kg-1). Zinc adsorption was favorable and spontaneous, and showed sharply increase (20-90%) in the 4-6 pH range. No effect of ionic strength was observed at pH values below 5, because specific adsorption mechanisms predominated in the 3-5 pH range. Above pH 5, and in subsoil samples, Zn was adsorbed by electrostatic mechanisms, since ionic strength effect was observed. Despite depth and ionic strength effects, Zn adsorption depends mainly on the pH.Keywords: pH, Adsorption Envelope, Adsorption Isotherm, Ionic Strength, Trace Element, Ionic-Strength, Acid Soils, Copper, Sorption, pH, Equilibrium, Isotherm, Cadmium, Parameters, EquationsTitle: Pest Management ScienceFull Journal Title: Pest Management ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Dungan, R.S., Gan, J.Y. and Yates, S.R. (2001), Effect of temperature, organic amendment rate and moisture content on the degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil. Pest Management Science, 57 (12), 1107-1113.Full Text: 2001\Pes Man Sci57, 1107.pdfAbstract: 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D), which consists of two isomers, (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D, is considered to be a viable alternative to methyl bromide, but atmospheric emission of 1,3-D is often associated with deterioration of air quality. To minimize environmental impacts of 1,3-D, emission control strategies are in need of investigation. One approach to reduce 1,3-D emissions is to accelerate its degradation by incorporating organic amendments into the soil surface. In this study, we investigated the ability of four organic amendments to enhance the rate of degradation of (Z) - and (E) 1,3-D in a sandy loam soil. Degradation of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D was well described by first-order kinetics, and rates of degradation for the two isomers were similar. Composted steer manure (SM) was the most reactive of the organic amendments tested. The half-life of both the (Z)- and (E)-isomers in unamended soil at 20 degreesC was 6.3 days; those in 5% SM-amended soil were 1.8 and 1.9 days, respectively. At 40 degreesC, the half-life of both isomers in 5% SM-amended soil was 0.5 day. Activation energy values for amended soil at 2, 5 and 10% SM were 56.5, 53.4 and 64.5 kJ mol-1, respectively. At 20 degreesC, the contribution of degradation from biological mechanisms was largest in soil amended with SM, but chemical mechanisms still accounted for more than 58% of the (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D degradation. The effect of temperature and amendment rate upon degradation should be considered when describing the fate and transport of 1,3-D isomers in soil. Use of organic soil amendments appears to be a promising method to enhance fumigant degradation and reduce volatile emissions. Published in 2001 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Biodegradation, 1,3-Dichloropropene, Enhanced Degradation, Fumigant Pesticide, Isomers, Organic Amendments, Flower-Bulb Fields, Transformation Rate, 1,2-Dichloropropane, Volatilization, Atrazine, Manure, 1,3-D, FilmsTitle: Pesticide ScienceFull Journal Title: Pesticide ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: Pestic. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pestic SciISSN: 0031-613XIssues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: John Wiley & Sons LtdPublisher Address: Baffins Lane Chichester, W Sussex PO19 1UD, EnglandSubject Categories: Agriculture Entomology: Impact FactorNamasivayam, C., Thamaraiselvi, K. and Yamuna, R.T. (1994), Removal of paraquat by adsorption on ‘waste’ Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide: Adsorption rates and equilibrium studies. Pesticide Science, 41 (1), 7-12.Abstract: The ability of ‘waste’ Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide to adsorb paraquat has been investigated. Effects of contact time, initial concentration and pH, adsorption capacity and desorption have been studied. Adsorption followed a first-order expression. The adsorption rate constant decreased from 1.84 to 0.50 min-1 with the increase of paraquat concentration from 10 to 40 mglitre-1. Adsorption obeyed the Freundlich isotherm and the Kf value was found to be 0.1995. A maximum removal of 93% was attained at pH 12.04. Desorption with water occurred to the extent of 39% indicating that physical sorption was partly responsible in the adsorption process.Keywords: DyesMitra, S., Bhowmik, P.C. and Xing, B.S. (1999), Sorption of isoxaflutole by five different soils varying in physical and chemical properties. Pesticide Science, 55 (9), 935-942.Full Text: P\Pest Sci55, 935.pdfAbstract: Isoxaflutole is a new pre-emergence corn herbicide which controls both grass and broadleaf weeds. Experiments were performed in the laboratory to study the sorption of isoxaflutole in five different soils (Moorhead, MN; East Monroe, CO; Ellendale, MN; South Deerfield, IMA; and Chelsea, MI) using the batch equilibration technique. Total initial isoxaffutole solution concentrations for each soil were 0.05, 0.15, 0.3, 0.8, 1.5, 2.0 and 4.0mg litre-1. Analysis of [ring-C-14] isoxaflutole was performed using liquid scintillation counting, and sorption data were fitted with the Freundlich model. Isotherms of isoxaflutole in all the soils were non-linear as depicted by the exponent (n<1.0), indicating differential distribution of sorption site energies in various soils. Since the isotherms were non-linear the data fit Freundlich’s isotherm well, as was indicated by high values of the regression coefficient (r2). The Freundlich sorption coefficient ranged from 0.555 to 50.0 (litre(n)mg(l-n)kg-1). Multiple regression of the sorption constant, K-F against selected soil properties indicated that organic matter content was the best single predictor of isoxaflutole sorption (r2 = 0.999) followed by soil pH (r2 = 0.954). Clay content of the soils did not have a high correlation with KF values (r2 = 0.453), while the sorption of isoxaflutole was not influenced by the Ca2+ concentration in the soil solution. Isoxaflutole sorption increased with an increase in organic matter content of soils. Sorption of isoxaflutole decreased as the soil pH increased from 4.5 to 8.5, which was depicted by the reduction of K-F values. Sorption of isoxaflutole to the soils varied with differences in binding energies. At a particular net energy value (E*), the corresponding site energy distribution [F(E*)] values followed the order, Chelsea, MI>Moorhead, MN>East Monroe, CO>South Deerfield, MA>Ellendale, MN. The negative magnitude of Gibbs free energy of sorption (Delta G(x)) indicates the spontaneity of the given sorption process in the soils from Moorhead, MN; East Monroe, CO and Chelsea, MI. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry.Keywords: Isoxaflutole, Isotherm, Sorption, Gibbs Free Energy, Freundlich Coefficient, Heterogeneous Surfaces, Adsorption-Isotherm, Organic-Matter, Atrazine, Flumetsulam, Herbicide, Mobility, ModelTitle: Petroleum ChemistryFull Journal Title: Petroleum ChemistryISO Abbreviated Title: Pet. Chem.JCR Abbreviated Title: Petrol Chem-Engl TrISSN: 0965-5441Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: RussiaLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, EnglandSubject Categories: Energy & Fuels: Impact Factor 0.107, /Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 0.107, /Engineering, Petroleum: Impact Factor 0.107, /? Shcherbina, Y.I., Yakubovich, V.A. and Mikhalskaya, L.I. (1977), Kinetics of mercaptan adsorption from oil fractions using X type zeolites. Petroleum Chemistry, 17 (1), 22-27.? Glazkova, E.A., Glazkov, O.V., Ivanov, V.G. and Sirotkina, E.E. (2001), Adsorption of petroleum products from aqueous solutions on a multilayer adsorbent. Petroleum Chemistry, 41 (1), 61-63.Abstract: The adsorption of crude oil, diesel oil, and gasoline is studied under dynamic conditions on passing aqueous emulsions through alternating layers of two types of adsorbents, a finely dispersed powder based on aluminum oxide-hydroxide phases and a basalt fiber. It is found that regardless of the type of petroleum products, their adsorption is described by the same linear isotherm. Two layers of the powdered adsorbent and three layers of the high-capacity fibrous adsorbent make it possible to purify emulsions with the initial content of 230-300 mg/l to the level of water quality standards.? Bukina, Z.M., Slivinskii, E.V., Kitaev, L.E., Abramova, A.V., Yushchenko, V.V. and Kubasov, A.A. (2002), Alteration of structure and adsorption properties of ultrastable zeolite Y by its modification with aqueous solutions of boric and phosphoric acids. Petroleum Chemistry, 42 (4), 221-228.Abstract: Changes induced in the structure of ultrastable zeolite Y by its modification with aqueous solutions of phosphoric and boric acids were studied using the techniques of scanning microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray emission analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The data obtained were compared with the results of measurements of benzene and cyclohexane adsorption on the same specimens. It was shown that the application of modifiers does not lead to the formation of new phases. The specimens also did not undergo additional dealumination, although the treatments attempted somewhat decreased their crystallinity. The introduction of progressively increasing amounts of boric acid or the combined treatment with phosphorus and boron compounds favors a marked decrease in the adsorption ability with respect to cyclic C-6 hydrocarbons.Keywords: Acids, Adsorption, Adsorption Properties, Agents, Alkylation, Analysis, Benzene, Boric Acid, Boron, Catalysts, Cyclohexane, Disproportionation, Hydrocarbons, IR, Lead, Measurements, Methanol, Microscopy, Modification, Phosphorus, Properties, Shape-Selective Reactions, Spectroscopy, Structure, Techniques, Toluene, Treatment, X-Ray Diffraction, Xylene, Zeolite, ZSM-5? Berezkin, V.G., Korolev, A.A. and Khotimiskii, V.S. (2003), Polychromatic(trimethylsilylpropyne) modified with volatile organic solids as an adsorbent for capillary gas adsorption chromatography of hydrocarbon gases. Petroleum Chemistry, 43 (3), 202-204.Abstract: The modification of poly(trimethylsilylpropyne) (PTMSP) during the formation of its film as a stationary phase on the capillary-column wall with volatile solids (naphthalene and anthracene) allowed the performance of the chromatographic column to be substantially enhanced (for example, by a factor of two to three for isobutane). It was shown that the enhancement of column efficiency was due to an increase in the rate of interphase mass transfer of analytes in the gas-PTMSP system.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Anthracene, Chromatography, Efficiency, Film, Gases, Hydrocarbon, Mass Transfer, Membranes, Modification, Modified, Organic, Performance, Transport-Properties, VolatileTitle: Petroleum Science and TechnologyFull Journal Title: Petroleum Science and TechnologyISO Abbreviated Title: Pet. Sci. Technol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pet Sci TechnolISSN: 1091-6466Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Marcel Dekker Inc, New YorkPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Jeon, Y.W., Curtis, C.W. and Coker, B.A. (1997), Adsorption of asphalts and their size exclusion chromatography fractions on aggregate surfaces. Petroleum Science and Technology, 15 (9-10), 873-905.Abstract: The adsorption behavior of two asphalts and their size exclusion chromatography (SEC) fractions from toluene solution onto aggregate was investigated. The effect of the differences in chemistry and molecular size of the asphalt samples on their adsorption behavior on silica, granite and greywacke was determined. The adsorption of asphalts and SEC fractions on SI-1000 silica was well-represented by the Tóth model, while the Radke-Prausnitz model better described their adsorption behavior on both granite and greywacke. Combining the adsorption models with the Gibbs adsorption equation of state gave the spreading pressure of each adsorbate species adsorbed on the aggregate surfaces. The spreading pressure predicted the competitive adsorptive edge of the asphalt fractions. The SEC I fractions, containing molecules of larger molecular size and higher heteroatom contents, showed higher spreading pressures than the SEC II fractions, which contained molecules of smaller molecular size and fewer heteroatoms. The asphalts yielded intermediate spreading pressures for SI-1000 silica and granite, but they gave the highest spreading pressure values for greywacke.Keywords: Multi-Solute Adsorption, Activated Carbon, ThermodynamicsTitle: PflegeFull Journal Title: PflegeISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Hausner, E., Halek, M. and Bartholomeyczik, S. (2010), Developments of nursing research within German-speaking countries - Publications from 1988 until 2007 in the journal “Pflege”. Pflege, 23 (5), 339-345.Abstract: “Pflege” is the nursing research journal with the largest circulation in the German-speaking area and has been nursing research experts’ only communication platform for a considerable time. Analysing the structure of articles aims to focus on development and alteration of the German-speaking region’s nursing research. The study consists of a retrospective analysis of publications in the nursing research journal “Pflege 589 articles from 1988 until 2007 could be included into the analysis. Research questions refer to the amount of empirical studies and the study designs in quantitative projects. Almost 50% of all publications of the “Pflege” represent results of empirical research; the remaining publications come from “other publications” and increasingly literature reviews. Research designs are mainly simple cross-sectional surveys; only 20% are intervention studies (including five randomised controlled trials). The importance of intervention studies will increase in future. This development cannot be seen in the “Pflege”. There is a need for further bibliometric analysis to be conducted to find out whether German-speaking nurse researchers actually seldom conduct intervention studies, or whether they prefer to publish in journals with a high impact factor.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Conference Abstracts, Consort, Impact Factor, Journals, Publications, Quality, Research, Researchers, TrialsTitle: Pharmaceutical BiologyFull Journal Title: Pharmaceutical BiologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Mao, Q.Q., Ip, S.P., Xian, Y.F., Hu, Z. and Che, C.T. (2012), Anti-depressant-like effect of peony: A mini-review. Pharmaceutical Biology, 50 (1), 72-77.Full Text: 2012\Pha Bio50, 72.pdfAbstract: Context: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, yet the clinical efficacy of antidepression therapies is unsatisfactory. Thus, the search for new anti-depressants continues, and natural products remain a promising source of new therapeutic agents. The root part of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Ranunculaceae), known as peony, is often used in Chinese herbal prescriptions for the treatment of depression-like disorders. Objectives: The objective of this review is to provide scientific evidence to support further research on peony as a potential anti-depressant drug. Methods: This review summarizes the results obtained in our laboratory, together with other literature data obtained through a comprehensive search in databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scirus, and Web of Science. Results: The peony extract is active in the mouse forced swim test and tail suspension test, and it produces anti-depressant effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression model in mice and rats. The anti-depressant mechanisms of peony are likely mediated by the inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity, neuroprotection, modulation of the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inhibition of oxidative stress, and the up-regulation of neurotrophins. Conclusions: Peony is used clinically to treat depression-like symptoms in Chinese medicine, and it has been shown to possess anti-depressant property in a battery of test models using laboratory animals. Its effect is likely mediated by multiple targets. Further studies are warranted to delineate the molecular mechanisms of action, determine the pharmacokinetics, establish the toxicological profile, and assess the potentials of peony in clinical applications. Identification of the clinically active ingredient(s) is also warranted.Keywords: Albiflorin, Antidepressant Treatments, Antidepressants, Chinese Medicine, Chronic Mild Stress, Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS), Databases, Depression, Disorder, Drug, Efficacy, Forced Swim Test, Herbal, Inhibition, Literature, Major Depression, Mechanisms, Medicine, Methods, Model, Molecular, Mouse, Natural, Nerve Growth-Factor, Neuroprotection, Neurotrophic Factor, Oxidative Stress, Paeonia Lactiflora, Paeonia-Lactiflora, Paeoniflorin, Paeonol, PC12 Cells, Pharmacokinetics, Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Profile, Pubmed, Rat-Brain, Rats, Research, Review, Science, Stress, Symptoms, Tail Suspension Test, Treatment, Web of ScienceTitle: Pharmaceutical Science & Technology TodayFull Journal Title: Pharmaceutical Science & Technology TodayISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorRowe, R.C. (1999), Publish and be damned! Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Today, 2 (6), 223-224.Full Text: P\Pha Sci Tec Tod2, 223.pdfTitle: PharmacoeconomicsFull Journal Title: PharmacoeconomicsISO Abbreviated Title: PharmacoeconomicsJCR Abbreviated Title: PharmacoeconomicsISSN: 1170-7690Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: New ZealandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: ADIS International LtdPublisher Address: 41 Centorian Dr, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland 10, New ZealandSubject Categories: Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor181 (2000)? Nichol, M.B., Margolies, J.E., Lippa, E., Rowe, M. and Quell, J. (1996), The application of multiple quality-of-life instruments in individuals with mild-to-moderate psoriasis. Pharmacoeconomics, 10 (6), 644-653.Abstract: The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (HSQ SF-36), Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were administered to individuals with mild-to-moderate psoriasis to validate the general quality-of-life instrument against the dermatosis-specific, and the dermatology-specific, disability measure. The population consisted of 644 adults with psoriasis involving up to 20% of the body surface area, who were enrolled in 2 US multicentre, evaluator-blinded, parallel-group clinical trials for a new psoriasis medication. Patients averaged 16.5% of maximum possible disability as measured by the PDI, and 23.4% of maximum possible disability as measured by the DLQI. Normalised T-scores showed that the patients approximated US population means on all 8 of the HSQ SF-36 dimensions. The HSQ SF-36 scales did not reflect substantial quality-of-life impairment, although all showed statistically significant correlations with both the PDI and DLQI (correlation coefficients ranging from-0.13 to-0.45). Moreover, while the disability indices were more responsive to psoriasis characteristics than the HSQ SF-36 quality-of-life scales, all 8 HSQ SF-36 dimensions demonstrated sensitivity to at least some objective and/or subjective ratings of severity. The strongest relationships were observed between the PDI, DLQI and the HSQ SF-36 Mental Health and Social Functioning dimensions. suggesting that the HSQ SF-36 is sensitive to psychosocial suffering related to psoriasis, which is not conveyed in objective clinical measures of severity.Keywords: Disability Index, Feelings, Disease, Profile, Acne? de Tiedra, A.G., Mercadal, J., Badia, X., Mascaro, J.M. and Lozano, R. (1998), A method to select an instrument for measurement of HR-QOL for cross-cultural adaptation applied to dermatology. Pharmacoeconomics, 14 (4), 405-422.Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a process to obtain an instrument to measure dermatology specific health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), and to adapt it into another culture, namely the Spanish-speaking community. Design and Setting: By consensus, a multi-disciplinary team determined the qualities of an ‘ideal’ questionnaire as follows: need (absence of any such instrument), utility, multi-dimensionality, psychometric development, simplicity, high degree of standardisation, and accessibility. A bibliographic search was conducted on Medline, EMBASE and IME (Spanish Medical Index), using ‘dermatology’ and ‘quality of life’ as the key words, from January 1990 through to September 1997, supplemented by a second level reference search, to identify the instruments already in existence. Rather than develop a questionnaire es novo, it was decided to make a cultural adaptation of an existing one. The questionnaires identified in the literature search were classified according to their generic or specific scope and it was decided to adapt a dermatology specific instrument. To select and compare the instruments, a model was developed which would provide an Adaptation Index (ADAPT), which includes the degree of development of psychometric properties, the formal design and the degree of standardisation at a given moment in time. Results: Six dermatology specific scales were identified: Impact of Skin Disease Scale (IMPACT), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Skindex, Dermatology Quality-of-Life Scales (DQOLS), Dermatology Specific Quality of Life (DSQL) and Qualita di Vita Italiana in Dermatologia (QUAVIDERM). The ADAPT Index for each of the above was determined at the time of the study and the DLQI was chosen for adaptation (ADAPT = 77, October 1997). Conclusions: The study showed the utility of ADAPT Index to assist in the selection process of the questionnaire to adapt. The results of the analysis indicate that in order to introduce and systematically use dermatology specific HR-QOL instruments, the indices require consolidation and improvement. There is a special need for an effort to be made in developing transculturally equivalent instruments suitable for international research.Keywords: Quality-of-Life, Psoriasis Disability Index, Sickness Impact Profile, Skin-Disease, Atopic-Dermatitis, Greatly Improves, Health-Status, Practical Use, Validation, Handicap? Puig-Junoy, J. and Moreno-Torres, I. (2007), Impact of pharmaceutical prior authorisation policies: A systematic review of the literature. Pharmacoeconomics, 25 (8), 637-648.Abstract: Policies consisting of or including prior authorisation (PA) of pharmaceutical prescriptions have been increasingly implemented by public and private insurers in the last decade, especially in the US, in order to control drug spending. We conducted a systematic review of published articles determining the effects of these policies on drug use, healthcare utilisation, healthcare expenditures and health outcomes. A literature search was carried out in the electronic databases PUBMED (which includes MEDLINE), EconLit, Web of Science and online sources including Google Scholar, from I January 1985 to 12 September 2006. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also searched. Peer-reviewed studies that provided empirical results about the impact of pharmaceutical PA policies, including randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, repeated measures studies, interrupted time series analyses and before-and-after studies were included. Use of, and expenditure on, directly affected drugs per patient, and overall drug expenditure, significantly decreased after PA implementation, or increased after PA removal. Health outcome changes attributed to PA policies were not directly evaluated. In most cases, except for cimetidine, PA implementation was not associated with significant changes in the utilisation of other medical services. Although the literature indicates a reduction in drug expenditure and a nonnegative impact on use of other health services, policy recommendations still require improved study designs, and evidence cannot be easily transferred from one setting to another. The evidence still remains mainly limited to US Medicaid settings and to a small number of drug classes. There is a lack of consideration of implications of PA policies as heterogeneous interventions, outcome measurements require improvement, and there is a notable lack of evidence of medium- and long-term policy effects.Keywords: Access, Care, Control, Cost-Containment, Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, Databases, Drug, Drug Use, Drugs, Expenditures, Google Scholar, Health, Health Outcomes, Health Services, Impact, Implementation, Interventions, Literature, Medicaid, Medicaid Population, Medical, Medline, Obstructive Pulmonary-Disease, Outcome, Outcomes, Policies, Policy, Programs, Pubmed, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, US, Utilisation, Web of Science? Doran, C.M. (2008), Economic evaluation of interventions to treat opiate dependence: A review of the evidence. Pharmacoeconomics, 26 (5), 371-393.Abstract: Opiate dependence imposes a significant economic burden on society in terms of treatment-related costs and prevention services, other healthcare costs, the work absenteeism of patients, productivity loss arising from premature death of patients, costs associated with crime, and social welfare expenditure. The objective of this research is to review the literature on economic evaluation of treatment of opiate dependence (including detoxification, maintenance and psychosocial support). A literature review was performed on several electronic databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, NHS Economic Evaluation Library Database (via Cochrane Library), Web of Science, Social Science Citations Index, EMBASE and PsycINFO. A sensitive approach was used in order to maximize the number of articles retrieved; no language or publication year limitations were applied to the searches. A combination of subject heading term searches and natural word searches were used. The Drummond checklist was applied to assess the quality of economic evaluations. A total of 259 articles were considered relevant, with eight review studies identified. The treatment spectrum ranged from detoxification to maintenance treatments involving the use of agonist and/or antagonist treatments. The evidence suggests that, although the quality of economic evaluations is reasonably good, there is a dearth of knowledge about the cost effectiveness of treatments for opiate dependence. The majority of the literature reporting the results of cost-effectiveness analyses used surrogate outcome measures and adopted a narrow treatment provider perspective. Studies that have conducted cost-benefit analyses, in spite of methodological divergences, generally adopted a societal perspective and consistently demonstrated positive economic returns from opiate treatment. A paucity of research examined the extent to which psychosocial or behavioural interventions support or replace conventional pharmacological approaches. Economic evaluation provides a useful framework to assist policy makers in allocating resources across competing needs. Opiate dependence is a considerable burden on society’s resources, and treatment provides a cost-beneficial solution to address these consequences. However, to better inform the decision-making process, researchers must continue to produce high-quality, methodological, comparable and scientifically credible economic evaluations.Keywords: Absenteeism, Analysis Program Datcap, Behavioral Couples Therapy, Burden, Citations, Cochrane, Cost-Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Costs, Database, Databases, Decision Making, Decision-Making, Drug-Abuse, Economic Burden, Effectiveness, Embase, Evaluation, Follow-Up Outcomes, Interventions, Knowledge, Literature, Literature Review, Medline, Methadone-Maintenance Treatment, Opiate Dependence, Outcome, Policy, Prevention, Productivity, Psychosocial, Publication, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Researchers, Residential Addiction Treatment, Review, Science, Social, Substance-Abuse Treatment, Systematic, Treatment, Treatment Outcome Research, Web of ScienceTitle: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug SafetyFull Journal Title: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug SafetyISO Abbreviated Title: Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pharmacoepidem Dr SISSN: 1053-8569Issues/Year: 7Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: John Wiley & Sons LtdPublisher Address: Baffins Lane Chichester, W Sussex PO19 1UD, EnglandSubject Categories: Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor 1.092, / (2002)? Arrebola-Pascual, I. and García-López, J.A. (2002), Presence of pharmacoepidemiology in three bibliographic databases: Medline, IPA and SCI. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 11 (6), 499-502.Abstract: Objective The objective of this study is to make a comparative description of the evolution and distribution of international research into pharmacoepidemiology, using three bibliographic databases, in order to select the most appropriate for future bibliometric studies.Methods Bibliographic searches were performed using the following databases: Medline (1966-99), IPA (1970-99) and SCI (1990-99), using the term ‘pharmacoepidemiology’. On the basis of these searches, the number of original articles per year and per journal title were noted. The growth of the output of scientific writing was found to fit Price’s law.Results A total of 845 original articles were recovered: 467 from IPA, 219 from Medline and 159 from SCI. The highest mean number of original articles per year (33.4) was obtained with the IPA database. Price’s exponential growth pattern was observed among all three databases. The total numbers of journals in which the original articles were published were 102 in Medline, 65 in IPA and 60 in SCI. The journals providing a single original article comprised 65% of the Medline titles and 61% of those in IPA and SCI.Conclusions International research into pharmacoepidemiology presents an exponential growth pattern, in accordance with Price’s law. There is a large degree of publishing dispersion. IPA was found to be the bibliographic database that recovered the greatest number of original articles, nearly half of which were published in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. We therefore consider the latter database appropriate for bibliometric studies in the field of pharmacoepidemiology. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Bibliometry, IPA, Medline, Pharmacoepidemiology, SCI, Scientific ProductionTitle: Pharmacogenomics JournalFull Journal Title: Pharmacogenomics JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Sofi, F., Giusti, B., Marcucci, R., Gori, A.M., Abbate, R. and Gensini, G.F. (2011), Cytochrome P450 2C19(star)2 polymorphism and cardiovascular recurrences in patients taking clopidogrel: A meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics Journal, 11 (3), 199-206.Abstract: Several polymorphisms in genes that encode platelet components (receptors or enzymes), or cytochrome P450 enzyme isoforms, involved in clopidogrel metabolism, have been proposed as possible mechanisms for nonresponsiveness to clopidogrel. Among them, a great deal of attention has been focused on the loss-of-function CYP2C19(star)2 (or 681 G>A) polymorphism. We performed a meta-analysis of all the prospective studies that have been published, which analyze the role of such a polymorphism in recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) being treated with clopidogrel. Studies were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Systematic Review Database, Google Scholar and bibliographies of retrieved articles up to January 2010. The principal underlying hypothesis was that the presence of the (star)2 variant allele of the polymorphism would be associated with an increased risk of clinical recurrence. Data were available for a total of 8043 patients from seven cohort prospective studies, who were followed for a period of time ranging from 6 months to 8.3 years. The summary risk ratios (RRs) for the prospective cohort studies included showed a significant association between the CYP2C19(star)2 polymorphism and an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in the follow-up (RR: 1.96 (1.14-3.37); P=0.02). When studies evaluating stent thrombosis (n=4) for a total of 4975 patients were considered, the presence of the variant allele was associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis (RR: 3.82 (2.23-6.54); P=0.0001). The current meta-analysis, carried out on nearly 8000 patients with CAD undergoing clopidogrel treatment, shows that the CYP2C19(star)2 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and stent thrombosis. The Pharmacogenomics Journal (2011) 11, 199-206; doi:10.1038/tpj.2010.21; published online 30 March 2010.Keywords: Active Metabolite, Attention, Cardiovascular, Clopidogrel, Cochrane, Cohort Studies, Coronary Artery Disease, Cyp2c19(Star)2 Polymorphism, Cytochrome P450, Database, Disease, Follow-Up, Google Scholar, Individual Responsiveness, Journal, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Meta-Analysis, Of-Function Polymorphism, P450, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Platelet Reactivity, Polymorphism, Polymorphisms, Pretreatment, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Resistance, Response Variability, Review, Risk, Science, Stent Thrombosis, Stent Thrombosis, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Thrombosis, Treatment, Web of ScienceTitle: Pharmacological ResearchFull Journal Title: Pharmacological ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Pharmacol. Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pharmacol ResISSN: 1043-6618Issues/Year: 12Language: EnglishJournal Country/Territory: EnglandPublisher: Academic Press Ltd Elsevier Science LtdPublisher Address: 24-28 Oval Rd, London NW1 7DX, EnglandSubject Categories:Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor 0.740 (2004)? Burchinsky, S.G. (1995), Scientometric approach in the study of modern trends of development in neuropharmacology of aging. Pharmacological Research, 31 (S1), 122.Full Text: 1995\Pha Res31, 122.pdf? Saito, H. (2000), Regulation of herbal medicines in Japan. Pharmacological Research, 41 (5), 515-519.Full Text: P\Pha Res41, 515.pdfAbstract: In Japan, two overlapping types of traditional herbal medicines coexisted for centuries. The first one was the traditional Japanese and Chines medicine. These medical systems were damaged by the first Medical Care Law in 1874 that proclaimed the abrogation of traditional Japanese medicine. The second type of herbal medicine used in Japan originated in Europe and south-east Asia and became popular after the law in 1874 was announced. Some of those products are still used today as prescription drugs. Although the renaissance of the traditional medicines has been on the rise since approximately 1960, the confusion and decline of the traditional Japanese medicines was further strenghtened by introduction of dietary supplements. Regulation of herbal medicines, except ‘Kampo’ formulas is the same as the approval for both prescription and OTC drugs. Typical characteristics of the Japanese herbal medicines is the existance of Japanese traditional medicines, ‘Kampo’ formulas and combinations of the traditional medicines with vitamins and pharmaceuticals. Regulation of quality standards of those herbal products was established in Japanese Pharmacopoeia for more than 90% of them. (C) 2000 Academic Press.Keywords: Herbal Medicines, ‘Kampo’ FormulaTitle: Pharmacological ReviewsFull Journal Title: Pharmacological ReviewsISO Abbreviated Title: Pharmacol. Rev.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pharmacol RevISSN: 0031-6997Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Amer Soc Pharmacology Experimental TherapeuticsPublisher Address: 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3998Subject Categories: Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor 25.381, 1/181 (2000); Impact Factor 26.568, 1/188 (2001); Impact Factor 23.825, / (2002); Impact Factor 26.568, 1/188 (2003); Impact Factor 22.837, 1/187 (2004)? Moncada, S., Palmer, R.M.J. and Higgs, E.A. (1991), Nitric-oxide - physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacological Reviews, 43 (2), 109-142.Keywords: Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation, Vascular Smooth-Muscle, Soluble Guanylate-Cyclase, Cyclic-Gmp Levels, Rat Anococcygeus Muscle, Bovine Retractor Penis, Monomethyl-L-Arginine, Relaxing Factor EDRF, Macrophage-Mediated Fungistasis, Mammalian Nitrate BiosynthesisAddresses: Moncada S, Wellcome Res Labs, Beckenham BR3 3BS, Kent, EnglandHas been cited 10382 times 11/03/06Title: Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorFull Journal Title: Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Brenes, J.C., Rodríguez, O. and Fornaguera, J. (2008), Differential effect of environment enrichment and social isolation on depressive-like behavior, spontaneous activity and serotonin and norepinephrine concentration in prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 89 (1), 85-93.Full Text: 2008\Pha Bio Beh89, 85.pdfAbstract: In order to determine the effect of postnatal environments on some behavioral and neurochemical depressive-like parameters, mate Sprague-Dawley rats were reared from weaning in either social isolation, standard laboratory conditions, or environmental enrichment. Open-field activity was assessed at postnatal days 37, 65, 93 and 107 and I h before the last open-field test, a forced-swimming test was carried out. After behavioral tests, the monoamines concentrations were analyzed in prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. Relative to control and isolation rearing, the environmental enrichment reduced open-field activity, led to antidepressive-like effects and increased serotonin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex. Social isolation, on the other hand, did not affect open-field activity, but increased depressive-like behavior and reduced the amount of norepinephrine in the ventral striatum. Those neurochemical changes induced by rearing conditions correlated with the behavioral performance in the forced-swimming test. Also, immobility behavior could be predicted by locomotor activity even from the first week of housing. Overall, specific variations in physical and social environment during early rearing lead to some behavioral and neurochemical alterations which might be relevant for understanding the role that neurodevelopmental and experiential factors could have in human depression. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Depression, Environmental Enrichment, Social Isolation, Monoamines, Prefrontal Cortex, Striatum, Open-Field Behavior, Forced-Swimming Behavior, Stress, Brain Development, Model, Rats, Forced Swim Test, Adult Rats, Antidepressant Treatment, Physical Enrichment, Neurotrophic Factor, Novelty Stress, Brain, Model, Release, MiceTitle: Pharmacology & TherapeuticsFull Journal Title: Pharmacology & TherapeuticsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Snow, E.T. (1992), Metal carcinogenesis: Mechanistic implications. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 53 (1), 31-65.Full Text: 1992\Pha The53, 31.pdfAbstract: Cancer epidemiology has identified several metal compounds as human carcinogens. Recent evidence suggests that carcinogenic metals induce genotoxicity in a multiplicity of ways, either alone or by enhancing the effects of other agents. This review summarizes current information on the genotoxicity of arsenic, chromium, nickel, beryllium and cadmium compounds and their possible roles in carcinogenesis. Each of these metals is distinct in its primary modes of action; yet there are several mechanisms induced by more than one metal, including: the induction of cellular immunity and oxidative stress, the inhibition of DNA metabolism and repair and the formation of DNA- and/or protein-crosslinks.Keywords: Hamster-Embryo Cells, Cultured Mammalian-Cells, Chromium(VI)-Induced DNA Damage, Invitro Morphological Transformation, Particulate Nickel Compounds, Sister-Chromatid Exchanges, Methyl-N-Nitrosourea, Chinese-Hamster, Hexavalent Chromium, Sodium Arsenite? Newton, C.R.J.C. and Krishna, S. (1998), Severe falciparum malaria in children: Current understanding of pathophysiology and supportive treatment. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 79 (1), 1-53.Full Text: 1998\Pha The79, 1.pdfAbstract: Severe falciparum malaria is one of the most lethal parasitic infections in the world and is responsible for more than one million deaths in African children per year. Changes to management over the last 40 years have not improved survival. A reduction in the mortality and morbidity may only come about by a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes that are responsible for severe disease and that determine the outcome before antimalarials have had time to work. This review discusses potential adjunctive therapies for severe malaria that are under development following such derailed clinical and pathophysiological studies. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.Keywords: Falciparum Malaria, Pathophysiology, Children, Adjunct Therapy, Tumor-Necrosis-Factor, Human Cerebral Malaria, Papua-New-Guinea, Red-Blood-Cells, Nitric-Oxide Synthase, Intercellular-Adhesion Molecule-1, Vascular Endothelial-Cells, Plasmodium-Vivax Malaria, Quinine-Treated Patients, Iron Chelation-TherapyTitle: Pharmacology & ToxicologyFull Journal Title: Pharmacology & ToxicologyISO Abbreviated Title: Pharmacol. Toxicol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pharmacol ToxicolISSN: 0901-9928Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: DenmarkLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Munksgaard Int Publ LtdPublisher Address: 35 Norre Sogade, PO Box 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen, DenmarkSubject Categories: Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor181 (2000)Toxicology: ? Komulainen, H., Vaittinen, S.L., Vartiainen, T., L?tj?nen, S., Paronen, P. and Tuomisto, J. (1992), Pharmacokinetics in rat of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone (MX), a drinking water mutagen, after a single dose. Pharmacology & Toxicology, 70 (6), 424-428.Abstract: The pharmacokinetics of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone (MX) was evaluated after a single oral or intravenous administration in the rats using 14C-labelled compound. Twenty to 35% of the dose was absorbed into circulation from the gastrointestinal tract as assessed from the excretion in urine. The mean elimination half-life of the radioactivity in blood (T1/2 k10) was 3.8 hr. Traces of radioactivity remained in the blood for several days. The tissues lining the gastrointestinal and urinary tract, kidneys, stomach, small intestines and urinary bladder contained the highest radioactivity. The activity declined slowest in the kidneys. Urine was the main excretion route. Seventy-seven % of the total amount excreted appeared in urine in 12 hr and 90% in 24 hr. No radioactivity was exhaled in air suggesting that elimination through respiration did not occur. After an intravenous administration of 14C-MX, the T1/2 k10, was much longer, 22.9 hr, and the total elimination half-life (T1/2 beta), 42.1 hr. The results indicate that MX is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract to a considerable degree and it is excreted in urine very rapidly. A fraction of MX or its metabolites is retained in blood for a longer period of time. The pharmacokinetics of MX does not suggest extensive cumulation of MX in tissues after continuous exposure.? Steffensen, I.L., Paulsen, J.E., Engeset, D., Kronberg, L. and Alexander, J. (1999), The drinking water chlorination by-products 3, 4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (mucochloric acid) and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone do not induce preneoplastic or neoplastic intestinal lesions in F344 rats, balb/ca mice or C57bl/6J-min mice. Pharmacology & Toxicology, 85 (2), 56-64.Abstract: Epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to chlorinated drinking water and risk of intestinal cancer. In order to study this experimentally, we have examined the effects of 3, 4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (mucochloric acid, MCA) and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX), mutagenic and genotoxic compounds in drinking water, on aberrant crypt foci and tumours in the intestines of male F344 rats and Balb/cA mice, and C57BL/6J-Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia)/+ mice of both sexes, in six independent experiments. In some experiments the effects of MCA and MX on aberrant crypt foci induced by the colon carcinogens 1,2-dimethylhydrazine or its metabolite azoxymethane were also studied. Neither MCA nor MX alone induced aberrant crypt foci or intestinal tumours when given in drinking water. With this route of exposure neither MCA nor MX, when given in combination with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine or azoxymethane, had any effect on the induction or growth of the aberrant crypt foci. Drinking water exposure of MX did not affect the number or growth of aberrant crypt foci or intestinal tumours in the Minl+ mice. When administered intrarectally MCA had a weak inducing effect on aberrant crypt foci in the colons of Balb/cA mice. Exposure to MCA and MX intrarectally apparently promoted the growth of aberrant crypt foci both in rats and mice, increasing the crypt multiplicity, aberrant crypts/aberrant crypt foci. Based on an overall evaluation of these experiments, the intestinal tract, at least in rats and mice, seems not to be a main target organ for effects of MCA or MX on preneoplastic or neoplastic development.Title: PharmacopsychiatryFull Journal Title: PharmacopsychiatryISO Abbreviated Title: PharmacopsychiatryJCR Abbreviated Title: PharmacopsychiatryISSN: 0176-3679Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KGPublisher Address: Rudigerstr 14, D-70469 Stuttgart, GermanySubject Categories: Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor 2.777 (2003)Psychiatry: Impact Factor 2.777 (2003)? Coleta, M., Campos, M.G., Cotrim, M.D. and da Cunha, A.P. (2001), Comparative evaluation of Melissa officinalis L., Tilia europaea L., Passiflora edulis Sims. and Hypericum perforatum L. in the elevated plus maze anxiety test. Pharmacopsychiatry, 34, S20-S21.Abstract: There are numerous plants that have been used for their ‘tranquillising’ properties in Portuguese folk medicine. This report will describe a comparative analysis of the effects of Melissa officinalis L., Tilia europaea L., Passiflora edulis Sims. and Hypericum, perforatum L. on the performance of mice in the elevated plus maze, open-field, and horizontal-wire tests. We have tested lyophilised aqueous extracts with doses ranging from 5 - 100 mg, kg prepared according to traditional folk medicine. The results indicate that Hypericum perforatum L. and Tilia europaea L. induced significant raise in immobility time, diminution of rearing and other parameters, suggesting a clear sedative effect at doses ranging from 10 - 100 mg, kg. Below these doses, Tilia europaea L. did not induce any significant change in the tests mentioned, while Hypericum, perforatum L. (5 mg, kg) increased the time spent in the open areas of the elevated plus maze and the percentage of unprotected head-dips and stretch-approach postures, thus indicating an anxiolytic effect. For this dose, there were no significant changes in motor activity as measured by classical parameters for the tests used. As the infused H. perforatum L. tested was devoid of hyperforin, it can be stated that the observed effects cannot be attributed to this substance.Title: PharmacotherapyFull Journal Title: PharmacotherapyISO Abbreviated Title: PharmacotherapyJCR Abbreviated Title: PharmacotherapyISSN: 0277-0008Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Pharmacotherapy Publications IncPublisher Address: New England Medical Center, 806, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111Subject Categories:Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor 1.651, / (2001)Thompson, D.F. and Segars, L.W. (1995), Publication rates in US schools and colleges of pharmacy, 1976-1992. Pharmacotherapy, 15 (4), 487-494.Full Text: Pharmacotherapy15, 487.pdfAbstract: To establish publication rates of U.S. schools and colleges of pharmacy (SCOP) for 1976-1992, we obtained data from the Science Citation Index (SCI) Corporate Index. The SCI data base covers the top 4500 journals in the technical and scientific fields. Citations were counted without regard to publication type (letter, abstract, review, etc.). Duplicative publications were eliminated. Faculty counts were obtained from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Roster of Faculty and Staff for the inclusive years. Total publications for all schools increased over 100% from 1976 to 1992, and the number of faculty members increased by 40% during that time. However, only 12 (16%) of the SCOP averaged 50 or more publications/year, whereas 43 (59%) averaged fewer than 20. Data were also normalized by full-time faculty members. Only 13 (18%) SCOP averaged 1.0 or more publication/faculty/year, and 38 (52%) averaged fewer than 0.5. Publication rates were greater for medical center-based than for nonmedical center-based SCOP (p<0.05), and for public than for private SCOP (p<0.05). These data suggest that over half of the existing SCOP are minimally productive, generating less than 20 publications/year or 0.5 publication/faculty/year.Keywords: Medical-School, University? Chen, J.T., Wesley, R., Shamburek, R.D., Pucino, F. and Csako, G. (2005), Meta-analysis of natural therapies for hyperlipidemia: Plant sterols and stanols versus policosanol. Pharmacotherapy, 25 (2), 171-183.Full Text: 2005\Pharmacotherapy25, 171.pdfAbstract: Study Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of plant sterols and stanols as well as policosanol in the treatment of coronary heart disease, as measured by a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels. Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Patients. A total of 4596 patients from 52 eligible studies. Measurements and Main Results. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 1967-June 2003 to identify pertinent studies. Reduction of LDL levels was the primary end point; effects on other lipid parameters and withdrawal of study patients due to adverse effects were the secondary end points. Weighted estimates of percent change in LDL were -11.0% for plant sterol and stanol esters 3.4 g/day (range 2-9 g/day [893 patients]) versus -2.3% for placebo (769 patients) in 23 eligible studies, compared with -23.7% for policosanol 12 mg/day (range 5-40 mg/day [1528 patients]) versus -0.11% for placebo (1406 patients) in 29 eligible studies. Cumulative p values were significantly different from placebo for both (p<0.0001). The net LDL reduction in the treatment groups minus that in the placebo groups was greater with policosanol than plant sterols and stanols (-24% versus -10%, p<0.0001). Policosanol also affected total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride levels more favorably than plant sterols and stanols. Policosanol caused a clinically significant decrease in the LDL:HDL ratio. Pooled withdrawal rate due to adverse effects and combined relative risk for patients who withdrew were 0% and 0.84, respectively (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-1.95, p=0.69), for plant sterols and stanols across 20 studies versus 0.86% and 0.31, respectively (95% CI 0.20-0.48, p<0.0001), for policosanol across 28 studies. Conclusion. Plant sterols and stanols and policosanol are well tolerated and safe; however, policosanol is more effective than plant sterols and stanols for LDL level reduction and more favorably alters the lipid profile, approaching antilipemic drug efficacy.Keywords: Adverse Effects, Cholesterol, Cochrane, Coronary Heart Disease, Coronary-Heart-Disease, Disease, Double-Blind, Drug, Efficacy, Embase, HDL, Healthy-Volunteers, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, II Hypercholesterolemia, LDL, Lipid, Lipid Profile, Lipoprotein, Low-Density-Lipoprotein, Low-Fat Diet, Medline, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Natural Therapy, Plant, Plant Stanols, Plant Sterols, Points, Policosanol, Primary, Profile, Randomized Controlled Trials, Ratio, Reduction, Relative Risk, Review, Risk, Safety, Science, Serum-Cholesterol Concentrations, Sitostanol-Ester Margarine, Successive Dose Increases, Systematic, Systematic Review, Total Cholesterol, Treatment, Triglyceride, Web of Science? Figg, W.D., Dunn, L., Liewehr, D.J., Steinberg, S.M., Thurman, P.W., Barrett, J.C. and Birkinshaw, J. (2006), Scientific collaboration results in higher citation rates of published articles. Pharmacotherapy, 26 (6), 759-767.Full Text: 2006\Pharmacotherapy26, 759.pdfAbstract: Study Objective. The primary objective was to analyze the relationship between the citation rate of an article and the extent of collaboration. The secondary objective was to analyze the relationship between the number of authors/article and the number of institutions/article for the period of study Methods. We counted the number of original research articles published in six leading journals-Cell, Science, Nature, New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, and Journal of the American Medical Association-for the years 1975, 1985, and 1995. For each article, we determined the number of authors and the number of separate institutions. We also determined the number of times each article that was published in 1995 was cited in future scientific articles from the Science Citation Index database. Results. Science, Cell, Nature, New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, and Journal of the American Medical Association had 2014, 868, 3856, 643, 785, and 465 total articles published/3-year study period, respectively. There was a median of 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, and 3 institutions/article, respectively All of the final models had a significant linear author component for which all of the parameter estimates were positive, yet variable. Thus, the number of times an article was cited correlated significantly with the number of authors and the number of institutions. Conclusion. A correlation exists between the number of authors and the number of times an article is cited in other articles. investigators who are open to collaborations and those who seem to adequately manage those collaborations produce a superior product that results in a higher impact.Keywords: Authors, Authorship, Business Alliances, Citation, Collaboration, Collaborations, Cooperation, Correlation, Database, England, Estimates, Impact, Impact Factor, Institutions, Journals, Models, Multiple Authorship, Network, Open, Primary, Publishing, Rates, Research, Science Citation Index, Strategy? Ng, T.M.H., Carter, O., Guillory, G.S., Howard, P.A., Lee, C.R., Rodgers, J.E., Uber, P.A., Wiggins, B.S., Munger, M.A. and Patterson, J.H. (2004), High-impact articles related to the pharmacotherapeutic management of systolic heart failure. Pharmacotherapy, 24 (11), 1594-1633.Full Text: 2004\Pharmacotherapy24, 1594.pdfAbstract: This compilation is part of a series of five articles identifying important literature in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. This list focuses on pharmacotherapeutic management of acute decompensated and chronic heart failure. Most of the cited works present the results of landmark clinical studies that have shaped the management of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Limited primary literature is available for some topics; thus, pertinent review articles also are listed. In addition, consensus documents formed by expert panels in the United States and Europe are reviewed. This compilation may serve as a teaching tool, reference resource, or update of the literature for pharmacy clinicians, physicians, and students.Keywords: Chronic Heart Failure, Decompensated Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction, Systolic Heart Failure? Jackevicius, C.A., Page, R.L., Chow, S., Dunn, S.P., Lee, C.R., Ng, T.M.H., Rodgers, J.E., Vardeny, O., Wiggins, B.S. and Munger, M.A. (2009), High-impact articles related to the management of heart failure: 2008 update. Pharmacotherapy, 29 (1), 82-120.Full Text: 2009\Pharmacotherapy29, 82.pdfAbstract: This compilation is part of a series of articles identifying important literature in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. This bibliography focuses on pharmacotherapeutic management of acute decompensated and chronic heart failure and provides an update of the heart failure bibliography published in Pharmacotherapy in 2004. Most of the cited works present the results of landmark clinical studies that have shaped the management of patients with heart failure. Limited primary literature is available for some topics, thus pertinent review articles are also listed. In addition, consensus documents formed by expert panels are reviewed. This compilation may serve as a teaching tool, reference resource, or update of the literature for pharmacy clinicians, physicians, and students.Keywords: Decompensated Heart Failure, Diastolic Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction, Systolic Heart FailureTitle: PharmazieFull Journal Title: PharmazieISO Abbreviated Title: PharmazieJCR Abbreviated Title: PharmazieISSN: 0031-7144Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Govi-Verlag GMBHPublisher Address: Pharmazeutischer Verlag Ginnheimer Strasse 26, D-65760 Eschborn, GermanySubject Categories: Chemistry, Medicinal: Impact Factor 0.740, / (2002)Chemistry, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 0.740, / (2002)Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor 0.740, / (2002)? Holzgrabe, U. and Steinert, M. (2001), N1-phenyl substituted 4-quinolones of tuberculostatic activity. Pharmazie, 56 (11), 850-851.Abstract: Various different substituted N1-phenyl-6-fluoro-7-piperazinyl-4-quinolone 3-carboxylates and the diazoniumtetrafluoroborate of sparfloxacin were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of various Mycobacterium strains of different origin. The N1-p-hydroxylphenyl substituted compound 22 and the methoxyphenyl substituted compound missing the piperazine ring 12 were identified as promising candidates for the further development of an improved treatment of tuberculosis. In addition, compound 22 and the N1-p-fluorophenyl substituted analogue 4 were found to be active against Mycobacterium avium, which is often isolated from patients suffering from ADDSKeywords: Gyrase Inhibitors, In-Vitro, Mycobacterium-Avium Complex, N-1, Protein-Binding, Quinolone Antibacterials, Tuberculosis? Foroumadi, A., Soltani, F. and Mirzaei, M. (2003), Antituberculosis agents IV: In vitro antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of N-piperazinyl quinolone derivatives containing 2-thienyl and 2-furyl moiety. Pharmazie, 58 (5), 347-348.Abstract: A series of N-[2-(2-furyl)-2-oxoethyl], N-[2-(2-furyl)-2-oxyiminoethyl], N-[2-oxo-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl] and N-[2-oxyimino-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl] piperazinyl quinolones (1a-h; 2a-h) were evaluated for antituberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis H(37)Rv using the BACTEC 460 radiometric system and BACTEC 12B medium. Our results indicated that compounds 1a, 1e and 1g were efficient anti mycobacterial agents showing MIC values ranging from 0.78 to 6.25 g, ml. In general, ciprofloxacin derivatives were more active than norfloxacin derivatives and the oxime analogues were less active than corresponding ketones. Active compounds (1a, 1e and 1g) were also screened by serial dilution to assess toxicity to VERO cell line. The cytotoxicity of tested compounds indicated that compound la was the less toxic compound (IC50 > 62.5 g, ml). This compound was tested for efficacy in vitro in TB-infected macrophage model (EC90 = 3.25 g, ml)Keywords: Fluoroquinolones, TuberculosisTitle: Pharos(Pharos.)? Yankauer, A. (1993), The quality of drinking water: Some lessons from history. Pharos, 56 (2), 30-33.Title: Phi Delta KappanFull Journal Title: Phi Delta KappanISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0031-7217Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Benninga, J.S. (1998), Lessons of the 20th century - The first author responds. Phi Delta Kappan, 79 (9), 720.Full Text: 1998\Phi Del Kap79, 720.pdfKeywords: AuthorTitle: Philosophical BooksFull Journal Title: Philosophical BooksISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Migotti, M. (2004), History of philosophy. Philosophical Books, 45 (3), 228-238.Title: Philosophical MagazineContinued asPhilosophical Magazine A (1978 - 2002)Philosophical Magazine Part B (1978 - 2002)Formerly known asPhilosophical Magazine (1956 - 1977)Philosophical Magazine Series 7 (1926 - 1955)Philosophical Magazine Series 6 (1901 - 1925)Philosophical Magazine Series 5 (1876 - 1900)Philosophical Magazine Series 4 (1851 - 1875)Philosophical Magazine Series 3 (1832 - 1850)Philosophical Magazine Series 2 (1827 - 1832)Philosophical Magazine Series 1 (1798 - 1826)Full Journal Title: Philosophical MagazineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? van’t Hoff, P.J. (1888), The function of osmotic pressure in the analogy between solutions and gases. Philosophical Magazine Series 5, 26 (159), 81-105.Full Text: -1959\Phi Mag Ser526, 81.pdf? Barus, C. (1899), The absorption of water in hot glass. Philosophical Magazine Series 5, 47 (288), 461-479.Full Text: -1959\Phi Mag47, 461.pdfAbstract: Continuation of the author’s work (see 1899, Abstract No. 1045) on the solution of glass in water at high temperatures (210°C.) and pressures. The apparatus used was the same as that described in previous papers. The first result of the reaction is an opaque layer, after which the aqueous silicate appears as a clear transparent viscous thread inside the glass capillary. The compressibility rises at first rapidly, attains a maximum, and then falls off to the probable value for pure water at 200°C. The action shows a definite limit when the solution has reached a certain concentration, which would appear to be in favour of the view that one is dealing with ordinary solution or with the formation of a definite compound. The author, however, adduces reasons for viewing the solution as /b colloidal/. He regards the first or opaque stage as the swelling of a coagulated colloid in contact with its solvent. The subsequent clear stage is regarded as due to the fusion of this /b saturated/ and coagulated colloid. According to the author the reaction considered as a thermodynamic process is a march through the /b critical region/ of certain phases of the water-glass in question.Keywords: Colloid, Glass, Solvent, Swelling, Thermodynamic, Water? Lewis, W. (1909), Gibbs’s theory of surface-concentration, regarded as the basis of adsorption. Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 17 (100), 466-494Full Text: -1959\Phi Mag17, 466.pdfKeywords: Adsorption, Theory? Mcbain, J. (1909), Mechanism of adsorption (“sorption”) of hydrogen by carbon. Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 18 (108), 916-935.Full Text: -1959\Phi Mag18, 916.pdfAbstract: The taking up of gases by charcoal has been assigned by various investigators to the formation of solid solution or surface condensation-absorption or adsorption. The author recommends the term ‘sorption,’ and shows by experiment that the process is of a dual nature. There is first of all a surface adsorption which takes place with comparatively great velocity, and this is then followed by a slow absorption or diffusion inwards.Keywords: Absorption, Adsorption, Carbon, Diffusion, Solution? Pollock, J. (1915), Nature of large ions in the air. Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 29 (172), 514-526.Full Text: -1959\Phi Mag29, 514.pdfAbstract: The large ions in the air, which were discovered by Langevin in 1905, have a mobility which at constant atmospheric pressure is a function of the relative humidity only. At standard pressure the mobility varies from 1/1250, when the humidity is 4%, to 1/3440 when the pressure is that of saturation. These ions do not exist in dust-free air, so the picture most readily formed is that of a collection of water molecules surrounding a dust particle, the whole being electrified by the attachment of a small ion. The ion thus affords an interesting example of the adsorption of water-vapour at a rigid surface. A thermodynamic argument, based on the relation between mobility and relative humidity, leads to the conclusion that the adsorbed moisture is in the liquid state with a latent heat and density little different from those of water. The order of magnitude of the diam. of the ion, as calculated on usual kinetic theory lines, varies from 3 to 4*10/sup -7/ cm. according to the atmospheric conditions.Keywords: Adsorption, Kinetic, Mobility, Theory, Water? Hardy, W. (1920), Static friction. II. Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 40 (236), 201-210.Full Text: -1959\Phi Mag40, 201.pdfAbstract: Section A deals with the chemical constitution and lubrication of bismuth. The experiments described are a continuation of earlier work on the static friction of glass surfaces [Abs. 1919A01142]. A slider having a curved surface was applied to a plane surface, both slider and plate being of bismuth. This metal was chosen because it is highly crystalline, and at the same time takes a high degree of polish. It therefore offered unusual facilities for comparing the friction of the amorphous state of the metal found on a burnished face [see Abs. 1904A01875], with that of the crystalline state. Profuse experimental details are given, and the test of surface cleanliness is defined in terms of static friction, namely: that surfaces are clean when static friction is a maximum, /b i.e./, where it reaches a certain amount, which is reduced by every substance applied to the surface. Many substances are neutral to glass in that they do not alter the static friction, but no substance neutral to bismuth was found. A few lubricants appear to abolish the static friction of bismuth altogether;/b e.g./ ricinolic acid. Static friction is found to be a function of the molecular weight of the lubricant, and in a simple chemical series of chain compounds such as fatty acids and alcohols or paraffins, a good lubricant will be found if we go high enough in the series. It is not a simple function, however, and the influence of molecular weight is overshadowed by the influence of chemical constitution. In some chemical series the relation appears to be a linear one;/b e.g./, the paraffins and benzene-naphthalene-anthracene. In the aliphatic alcohols and acids, the chain is weighted at one end with the -OH or -COOH group, and the simple linear relation to molecular weight is disturbed thereby. The relation of lubricating qualities to viscosity broadly resembles that to molecular weight, but no fundamental relationship exists between them. Fluidity of the lubricant has no constant significance, as indeed might be expected on the surface-energy theory of lubrication. In their qualities as lubricants of bismuth, ring compounds are the converse of chain compounds: thus the effect of a double-bonded atom is to decrease the lubricating value of the former, and to increase that of the latter. The more saturated /b cyclo/-hexane and its derivative are better lubricants than benzene. When ring and chain are joined as in butylxylene, the result is a better lubricant than either. When the atoms are disposed with complete symmetry about a carbon atom, the result is a very bad lubricant;/b e.g./, CCl/sub 4/ and C(CH/sub 2/OH)/sub 4/. In ring compounds the replacement of hydrogen decreases lubricating power in the case of N, O, or -COOH, and increases it in the case of other groups in the order C/sub 2/H/sub 5/<CH/sub 3/<OH. The more simple a second substituted group is the more effective it is. The esters occupy a quite unexpected position. The simple aliphatic esters are much worse lubricants than their related acids or alcohols, while the ring esters are better. Perhaps the most interesting substances are the hydroxy acids, with OH and COOH groups. This conjunction produces a remarkable increase in the lubricating power of a chain compound (/b e.g./, alpha -lactic and ricinolic acids), and almost destroys it for ring compounds (/b e.g./, salicylic and benzylic acids). No ring compound is a good lubricant. A table is given showing quantitative results for a large number of compounds. In 1903, Beilby described how, in the process of burnishing or polishing, the substance of the solid actually flows so as to cover the surface with a film of amorphous material. Section B of the paper deals with the influence of this Beilby film on bismuth. Section C considers the adsorption of lubricants. It has previously been shown that the capacity for decreasing friction is a function of the potential of the attractive forces between lubricant and solid integrated through the depth of the layer, whilst the stability of a layer of a given thickness is a function of the differential coefficients of the interfacial energy taken with reference to the thickness. The integral is the work done by the cohesive forces acting between lubricant and solid, when the layer of the former is interposed between the faces of the latter. This is now expressed in terms of a tension, and thereby becomes measurable if one solid face alone is considered. Direct evidence is given to show that the forces of attraction operate more strongly between a solid face and a good lubricant than between it and a bad one. The better lubricant is more strongly adsorbed by the solid face, a result used for removing olefines from impure paraffin;the better lubricants, namely, the olefines, being absorbed when the commercial paraffin is filtered through a dry powder.Keywords: Adsorption, Carbon, Metal, Theory? Henry, D.C. (1922), A kinetic theory of adsorption. Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 44 (262), 689-705.Full Text: -1959\Phi Mag44, 689.pdf? Bradley, R.S. (1931), On Langmun’s adsorption isotherm. Philosophical Magazine Series 7, 11 (71), 690-696.Full Text: -1959\Phi Mag11, 690.pdfTitle: Philosophical TransactionsContinues Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vols. 13 - 65 (1683-1775)Continues Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1776-1886), Vols. 66 - 177 (1683-1775)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Full Journal Title: Philosophical TransactionsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title:ISSN: 0260-7085Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: The Royal SocietyPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorTitle: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of LondonContinues Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vols. 13 - 65 (1683-1775)Continues Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1776-1886), Vols. 66 - 177 (1683-1775)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Full Journal Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of LondonISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title:ISSN: 0261-0523Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: The Royal SocietyPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorFaraday, M. (1834), Experimental researches in electricity. Sixth series. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 124, 55-76.Full Text: P\Phi Tra Roy Soc Lon124, 55.pdfTitle: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering SciencesContinues Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vols. 13 - 65 (1683-1775)Continues Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1776-1886), Vols. 66 - 177 (1683-1775)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Full Journal Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences; Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: Philos T Roy Soc AISSN: 1364-503XIssues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Royal Soc LondonPublisher Address: 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, EnglandSubject Categories: Multidisciplinary Sciences: Impact Factor? Mond, L., Ramsay, W. and Shields, J. (1898), Occlusion of hydrogen and oxygen by palladium. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 191, 105-126.Full Text: -1959\Phi Tra Roy Soc A191, 105.pdfAbstract: Palladium black, obtained by precipitation, contains 138 volumes of oxygen (1.65 per cent.) and 0.72 per cent. of water. When heated in oxygen it absorbs the gas continuously up to a red heat, forming a dark brown substance which is, without doubt, an oxide or mixture of oxides, since it does not lose oxygen at a red heat in a vacuum. That the phenomenon is one of oxidation is also shown by the fact that the heat of absorption per gram atom of oxygen (+187K) is intermediate between the heats of formation of palladious and palladic hydroxides. Palladium black absorbs over 1,000 volumes of hydrogen, but part of this forms water with the oxygen originally present. The amount actually occluded was found to be 854-868 volumes, the greater part of which is removable by pumping at the ordinary temperature, and practically the whole at 444 degrees. Palladium sponge absorbs 833 volumes of hydrogen, 99 per cent. of which can be pumped off at the ordinary temperature. Increasing the pressure up to 4.6 atmospheres does not influence the absorption. Palladium foil does not absorb hydrogen until it is converted into a spongy mass by repeated ignition; the gas is easily expelled at 100°C. in a vacuum. The heat of absorption per gram of hydrogen is 46.4 K; or, deducting the heat corresponding to the work done by the atmosphere, 43.7 K. This value differs greatly from that found for the heat of absorption by platinum black (66.1 K), from which it is inferred that occlusion does not consist simply in the liquefaction or condensation of the gas in the pores of the metals. The atomic ratio of palladium to hydrogen in the fully charged metal ranges from 1.37 to 1.47, corresponding nearly with the formula Pd/sub 3/H/sub 2/; this appears, however, to be almost the only evidence there is for the existence of such a compound.Keywords: Absorption, Hydrogen, Metal, Metals, Palladium, Platinum, Temperature, Water? Thompson, J.M.T. (2007), Ten years of science in Philosophical Transactions A: with the university research fellows. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 365, 2779-2797.Full Text: 2007\Phi Tra Roy Soc A365, 2779.pdfAbstract: In this brief paper, I review my 10 years as the Editor of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. I look at the content of the journal over the years, relating it to a full classification of the physical sciences based on the interests of fellows and research fellows of the Royal Society. I show that the journal has performed well in terms of downloads, citations and impact factors. Innovations such as the Millennium and Christmas Issues for young scientists have stimulated a close and enjoyable interaction with the Society’s research fellows. In addition to authoring papers and organizing themes, they have always been keen to help with the refereeing processes. They provided exciting demonstrations for a Summer Science exhibit that I organized to highlight the work of the journal, and five of the research fellows now sit on the Editorial Board. Looking to the future, I describe the new subject clusters that are being introduced as the journal steps up its publication rate from one issue per month to two, starting in January 2008.Keywords: Citations, Classification, Impact, Impact Factors, Interaction, Journal, Papers, Physical, Physical Sciences, Publication, Research, Review, Science, Sciences, University, WorkTitle: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological CharacterContinues Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vols. 13 - 65 (1683-1775)Continues Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1776-1886), Vols. 66 - 177 (1683-1775)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Full Journal Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological CharacterISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Philos T Roy Soc BISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Royal Soc LondonPublisher Address: 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, EnglandSubject Categories: : Impact Factor? Yule, G.V. (1925), A mathematical theory of evolution, based on the conclusions of Dr. J. C. Willis, P.R.S. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, 213, 21-87.Full Text: -1959\Phi Tra Roy Soc B213, 21.pdfTitle: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological SciencesContinues Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vols. 13 - 65 (1683-1775)Continues Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1776-1886), Vols. 66 - 177 (1683-1775)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Continued by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Vols. 178 - 186 (1887-1895)Full Journal Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences; Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: Philos T Roy Soc BISSN: 0962-8436Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Royal Soc LondonPublisher Address: 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, EnglandSubject Categories: Biology: Impact Factor? Godwin, H. (1948), Studies of the post-glacial history of British vegetation. 10. Correlation between climate, forest composition, prehistoric agriculture and peat stratigraphy in sub-Boreal and sub-Atlantic peats of the somerset levels. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 233 (600), 275-286.Full Text: -1959\Phi Tra Roy Soc Lon Ser B-Bio Sci233, 275.pdfThornton, I. and Webb, J.S. (1979), Geochemistry and health in the United Kingdom. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 288 (1026), 151-168.Full Text: P\Phi Tra Roy Soc Lon Ser B-Bio Sci288, 151.pdfAbstract: Before the 1960s, comparisons between the distribution of trace elements in the environment and health in the United Kingdom were primarily confined to ad hoc studies in areas associated with particular agricultural disorders or with unusual human mortality or morbidity records. More recently, increasing interest in the importance of trace elements in crop and animal production and in the hazards of environmental pollution have created a need for more systematic geochemical data. Geochemical reconnaissance maps for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and parts of Scotland have demonstrated the extent of many known clinical trace element problems in agriculture and have also been valuable in delineating areas within which subclinical disorders may occur. Their application to studies on the composition of soils, food crops and surface waters in relation to public health has proved encouraging. Current knowledge and present investigations into environmental geochemistry and human health in the U.K. are reviewed, together with future research requirements.Notes: highly cited? Baker, E.N., Blundell, T.L., Cutfield, J.F., Cutfield, S.M., Dodson, E.J., Dodson, G.G., Hodgkin, D.M.C., Hubbard, R.E., Isaacs, N.W., Reynolds, C.D., Sakabe, K., Sakabe, N. and Vijayan, N.M. (1988), The structure of 2Zn pig insulin crystals at 1.5 ? resolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 319 (1195), 369-456.Full Text: 1988\Phi Tra Roy Soc Lon Ser B-Bio Sci319, 369.pdfStewart, A.J.A. and Lees, D.R. (1996), The color pattern polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera, Cercopidae) in England and Wales. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 351, 69-89.Full Text: P\Phi Tra Roy Soc Lon Ser B-Bio Sci351, 69.pdfAbstract: The spittlebug Philaenus spumarius is a common and widespread Palaearctic insect exhibiting a striking dorsal colour/pattern polymorphism, which is conveniently divisible into eight ‘melanic’ and five ‘nonmelanic’ phenotypes. The polymorphism is controlled by seven alleles at a single autosomal locus with complete or partial female-limitation and variable penetrance in males of certain melanic phenotypes. It is a universal polymorphism but, despite much investigation, little is known of the factors which maintain it or influence morph frequency. Patterns of geographic variation are useful in both these contexts. This study presents an extensive survey of morph frequency variation in 548 populations of P. spumarius across England and Wales. Frequencies of individual phenotypes within the melanic category vary heterogeneously; frequency variation for a ‘core’ group of five phenotypes is broadly in parallel, whereas the other three vary independently. Furthermore, the degree of penetrance in males varies between the melanic phenotypes, which in turn varies between populations; one consequence is that higher melanic frequencies are associated with enhanced expression of certain melanic phenotypes in males. Comparisons are made with previously reported populations around a point source of serious gaseous and particulate pollution in the Cynon Valley, South Wales and with intensively studied populations in southern Finland. The data indicate a pronounced ‘urban effect’ on morph frequencies, with populations in major conurbations exhibiting higher mean melanic frequencies ((x) over bar = 19.1%) than rural ones ((x) over bar = 7.3%). Populations around three (of the eight investigated) point sources of atmospheric pollution show elevated melanic frequencies, although all are substantially below those recorded from the Cynon Valley. Although Finnish populations exhibit substantially higher melanic frequencies than analogous rural populations in Britain, the strict female-limitation of certain melanic phenotypes in Finland is relaxed in British populations, where male melanics are approximately 20-fold more frequent. The universality and stability of this polymorphism strongly suggest the overriding influence of natural selection in its maintenance. The predominance of the phenotypes GIB and LCE (mostly black, but with pale heads) over the completely black form (LOP) in populations with the highest overall melanic frequencies demonstrates that the selective agent (s) favouring melanics in intensely polluted areas cannot be operating simply for melanism per se. The near-equality of melanic frequencies between the sexes in the majority of populations reported here suggests that the model of genetic control established for populations in the Cynon Valley also applies to most British populations and remains distinct from the model applying to Finnish populations.Title: PhlebologyFull Journal Title: PhlebologyISO Abbreviated Title: PhlebologyJCR Abbreviated Title: PhlebologyISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Scott, N.A., Corabian, P., Forbes, T.L. and Hardy, S.C. (2004), Surgical treatments for chronic deep venous insufficiency. Phlebology, 19 (3), 109-119.Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to critically appraise and synthesize the published evidence regarding the short- and long-term efficacy/ effectiveness of surgical techniques for patients with deep venous insufficiency DVI) refractory to other forms of management. Methods: All original, published studies on non-pregnant human patients undergoing treatment for deep or mixed deep/ superficial/ perforator chronic venous insufficiency were identified by systematically searching PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index and the websites of various health technology assessment agencies, research registers and guidelines sites, from January 1990 to July 2003. No language restriction was applied. Results: A total of two randomized controlled trials and 12 non-randomized comparative studies reported on a variety of procedures ranging from superficial venous surgery (SVS) and subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS), through to deep venous reconstruction (including valvuloplasty, transplantation and transposition) for the treatment of DVI. Limited evidence suggested that combined SVS/valvuloplasty is a relatively safe procedure that is potentially more effective than SVS alone in preventing ulcer recurrence in patients with primary DVI in both the short- and mid-term. Evidence for the efficacy of valvuloplasty bypass, transplantation, SEPS and iliac stenting in the treatment of DVI was inconclusive. he optimal surgery for patients with deep venous obstruction or secondary valvular incompetence remains unclear. Conclusions: It is unlikely that a large randomized, or even non-randomized, controlled trial will be conducted to ascertain the safety and efficacy of surgery for DVI. However, standardized reporting and collection of data in a registry would be a move forward. In addition, professional bodies should consider providing guidance, in the form of an evidence-based treatment algorithm, that would define when to perform SVS in patients with mixed or deep venous insufficiency and what type of deep venous surgery is considered appropriate for different indications. A prime focus of future research may be to understand why less invasive treatments have failed in patients requiring surgery for DVI and to identify those patients who would benefit most from early surgical intervention. (C) 2004 Royal Society of Medicine Press.Keywords: Air Plethysmography, Assessment, Chronic, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Citation, Disease, Effectiveness, Evidence, Femoral Vein Valvuloplasty, Follow-up, Health, Intervention, Language, Management, Perforating Veins, Primary, Professional, Randomized Controlled Trials, Reconstructive Surgery, Reporting Standards, Research, Science, Science Citation Index, Stasis Ulcers, Surgery, Systematic Review, Techniques, Technology, Technology Assessment, Transplantation, Treatment, Ulceration, Venous Incompetence, Venous Obstruction, Venous SurgeryTitle: Photochemical & Photobiological SciencesFull Journal Title: Photochemical & Photobiological SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Basha, S., Barr, C., Keane, D., Nolan, K., Morrissey, A., Oelgemoller, M. and Tobin, J.M. (2011), On the adsorption/photodegradation of amoxicillin in aqueous solutions by an integrated photocatalytic adsorbent (IPCA): Experimental studies and kinetics analysis. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 10 (6), 1014-1022.Full Text: 2011\Pho Pho Sci10, 1014.pdfAbstract: Activated carbon-supported TiO2 nanoparticles, termed integrated photocatalytic adsorbents (IPCAs), were prepared using an ultrasonic impregnation technique and investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin (AMO), a beta-lactam antibiotic. The IPCAs had high adsorption affinity for AMO with the amount adsorbed proportional to the TiO2 loading and the highest adsorption was at 10 wt% TiO2 loading. A pseudo-second-order model was found to fit the experimental data and consistently predicted the amount of AMO adsorbed over the adsorption period. Equilibrium isotherm studies showed that the adsorption followed the Redlich-Peterson model with maximum adsorption capacity of 441.3 mg g-1 for 10% IPCA, 23% higher than the pure activated carbon (AC). Kinetic studies on the photocatalytic degradation of AMO using non-linear regression analysis suggest that the degradation followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetics. The adsorption rate constant (K-ad) was considerably higher than the photocatalytic rate constant (k(L-H)), indicating that the photocatalysis of AMO is the rate-determining step during the adsorption/photocatalysis process. The 10% IPCA exhibited excellent stability and reusability over four photodegradation cycles.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Advanced Oxidation Processes, Degradation, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Mass-Spectrometry, Methyl-Orange, Nonlinear, Pharmaceuticals, Semiconductor Photocatalysis, TiO2, TiO2-Coated Activated Carbon, Ultrasonic Impregnation, Waste-WaterTitle: Photochemistry and PhotobiologyFull Journal Title: Photochemistry and PhotobiologyISO Abbreviated Title: Photochem. Photobiol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Photochem PhotobiolISSN: 0031-8655Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Amer Soc PhotobiologyPublisher Address: Biotech Park, 1021 15th St, Suite 9, Augusta, GA 30901-3158Subject Categories: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biophysics: Impact Factor? Kaneko, M., Iwahata, S. and Asakura, T. (1992), Quenching of photoexcited 4,4’-dicarboxy-2,2’-bipyridinebis(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) by oxygen in aqueous-solution and in silk fibroin membrane. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 55 (4), 505-509.Abstract: Photoluminescence and quenching of 4,4’-dicarboxy-2,2’-bipyridinebis(2,2’-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) complex (Ru(DCbpy)(bpy)2(2+)) in an aqueous solution as well as in a silk fibroin membrane were studied. Emission quenching by oxygen in an aqueous solution showed a linear relationship with respect to oxygen concentration. When the complex was incorporated into a silk fibroin membrane by adsorption from an aqueous solution into a preformed membrane, the photo-excited state of the complex was not quenched by oxygen in an aqueous phase. However, when the complex was incorporated into a silk fibroin membrane by casting a mixture of the complex and silk fibroin, the photoexcited complex was quenched by oxygen in an aqueous phase. In this case the Stern-Volmer plots showed a downward-deviating curve indicating heterogeneity of the probe site. Emission intensity decreased with an increase of the water content in the silk fibroin membrane.Keywords: Photoinduced Electron-Transfer, Phase Photo-Reduction, Excited-State, Polypyridine Complexes, Metal-Complexes, Methylviologen, Cellulose, Photochemistry, Ruthenium(II), Photophysics? Steerenberg, P.A., Garssen, J., Dortant, P., Hollman, P.C., Alink, G.M., Dekker, M., Bueno de Mesquita, H.B. and van Loveren, H. (1998), Protection of UV-induced suppression of skin contact hypersensitivity: A common feature of flavonoids after oral administration? Photochemistry and Photobiology, 67 (4), 456-461.Abstract: In this study we investigated the effect of the dietary ingredients fruit and vegetable, green tea phenol extract (GTP) and the specific flavonoid components quercetin and chrysin on the UV-induced suppression of the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to picryl chloride (PCl). The SKH-1 mice were fed with test diet from 2 or 4 weeks before and during the UV irradiation (daily, 95 mJ/cm2) and tested for the CHS ear-swelling response 10 weeks after the onset of the irradiation. For the CHS, mice were immunized with PCl by epicutaneous application on nonirradiated sites. Four days after sensitization all mice were challenged on both sides of each ear by topical application of one drop PCl. In addition, from mice fed with the fruit and vegetable mixture the number of Langerhans cells (LC) were scored in the skin and from mice fed with quercetin, quercetin levels in plasma were measured at week 11 after the start of UV irradiation. It was found that fruit and vegetable (19% in the diet), GTP (0.1% and 0.01% in the drinking water), quercetin (1% in the diet) and chrysin (1% and 0.1% in the diet), prevented statistically significantly the UV-induced suppression of CHS to PCl. In the skin of mice fed with fruit and vegetables combined with UV irradiation the number of LC were comparable to the control mice, whereas the number of LC were significantly diminished in mice treated with UV only. This protective effect on the presence of LC in the epidermis after UV irradiation, which was also observed in a previous study with quercetin, may play a role in the prevention of UV-induced immunosuppression by the flavonoids tested. In conclusion, we found protection of flavonoids against UV-induced effects on CHS, which may be a common feature of most flavonoids.Keywords: Induced Immunosuppression, Urocanic Acid, Green Tea, Irradiated Mice, Cancer, Cells, Vegetables, Radiation, Induction, Fruit? Kopckel, W. and Krutmann, J. (2008), Protection from sunburn with beta-carotene: A meta-anallysis. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 84 (2), 284-288.Abstract: Nutritional protection against skin damage from sunlight is increasingly advocated to the general public, but its effectiveness is controversial. In this meta-analysis, we have systematically reviewed the existing literature on human supplementation studies on dietary protection against sunburn by beta-carotene. A review of literature until June 2007 was performed in PUBMED, ISI Web of Science and EBM Cochrane library and identified a total of seven studies which evaluated the effectiveness of P-carotene in protection against sunburn. Data were abstracted from these studies by means of a standardized data collection protocol. The subsequent meta-analysis showed that (1) beta-carotene supplementation protects against sunburn and (2) the study duration had a significant influence on the effected size. Regression plot analysis revealed that protection required a minimum of 10 weeks of supplementation with a mean increase of the protective effect of 0.5 standard deviations with every additional month of supplementation. Thus, dietary supplementation of humans with beta-carotene provides protection against sunburn in a time-dependent manner.Keywords: Analysis, Cochrane, Damage, Data Collection, Effectiveness, General Public, Human, Human Skin, Humans, Induced Erythema, ISI, Literature, Meta-Analysis, Metaanalysis, Protocol, Pubmed, Review, Science, Solar-Radiation, Sunlight, Supplementation, Vitamin-E, Web of ScienceTitle: Photosynthesis ResearchFull Journal Title: Photosynthesis ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Schreiber, U., Schliwa, U. and Bilger, W. (1986), Continuous recording of photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynthesis Research, 10 (1-2), 51-62.Full Text: 1986\Pho Res10, 51.pdfTitle: PhotosyntheticaFull Journal Title: PhotosyntheticaISO Abbreviated Title: PhotosyntheticaJCR Abbreviated Title: PhotosyntheticaISSN: 0300-3604Issues/Year: 4Language: Multi-LanguageJournal Country/Territory: Czech RepublicPublisher: SpringerPublisher Address: Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 GZ Dordrecht, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.016, 98/188 (2010)? Yu, J.J., Wang, M.H., Xu, M. and Ho, Y.S. (2011), A bibliometric analysis of research papers published on photosynthesis: 1992-2009. Photosynthetica, ?? (??), ??-??.Full Text: 2011\Photosynthetica-Yu.pdfTitle: PhysicaFull Journal Title: PhysicaISO Abbreviated Title: PhysicaJCR Abbreviated Title: PhysicaISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorDe Boer, J. and Veeneans, C.F. (1934), Adsorption of alkali metals on metal surfaces: II. Dipole moment of adsorbed Cs-ions, adsorption isotherm. Physica, 1 (7-12), 953-959.Full Text: -1959\Physica1, 953.pdfAbstract: Bei der Adsorption von Cs an Wolfram bilden sich Cs-+Ionen, die mit ihren Spiegelbildladungen ein Dipolmoment erzeugen, wodurch die Austrittarbeit für Elektronen verringert wird. Die theoretisch und aus dem Experiment berechneten Werte dieses Dipolmoments stimmen vorzüglich überein. Langmuir’s Ansichten, diese Adsorption betreffend, werden bestritten. Die Verdampfungsw?rme in Form von Atomen, die Adsorptionsisotherme und ein Ausdruck für die Elektronenemission werden aus dem entwickelten Bilde abgeleitet.Notes: highly cited? Michels, A., Wijker, H. and Wijker, H.K. (1949), Isotherms of argon between 0°C and 150°C and pressures up to 2900 atmospheres. Physica, 15 (7), 627-633.Full Text: -1959\Physica15, 627.pdfAbstract: The results are given of compressibility isotherms of argon at seven temperatures from 0° till 150°C and pressures up to 2900 atmospheres.Notes: highly cited? Michels, A., Levelt, J.M. and De Graaff, W. (1958), Compressibility isotherms of argon at temperatures between -25°C and -155°C and at densities up to 640 amagat (pressures up to 1050 atmospheres). Physica, 24 (8), 659-671.Full Text: -1959\Physica24, 659.pdfAbstract: Compressibility isotherms of argon at temperatures from ?25°C down to ?155°C and for densities up to 640 amagat were measured. The results, corrected for gravitational effects, are presented. The position of the coexistence boundary line and of the critical point is derived. The experimental second virial coefficients are compared with the theoretical values of the Leonard Jones 6–12 potential.Title: Physica B-Condensed MatterFull Journal Title: Physica B-Condensed MatterISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0921-4526Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Cardona, M. and Marx, W. (2007), Anatomy of the ICDS series: A bibliometric analysis. Physica B-Condensed Matter, 401, 1-6.Full Text: 2007\Phy B-Con Mat, 401, 1.pdfAbstract: In this article, the proceedings of the International Conferences on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS) have been analyzed by bibliometric methods. The papers of these conferences have been published as articles in regular journals or special proceedings journals and in books with diverse publishers. The conference name, title changed several times. Many of the proceedings did not appear in the so-called “source journals” covered by the Thomson, ISI citation databases, in particular by the Science Citation Index (SCI). But the number of citations within these source journals can be determined using the Cited Reference Search mode under the Web of Science (WoS) and the SCI offered by the host STN International. The search functions of both systems were needed to select the papers published as different document types and to cover the full time span of the series. The most cited ICDS papers were identified, and the overall numbers of citations as well as the time-dependent impact of these papers, of single conferences, and of the complete series, was established. The complete of citing papers was analyzed with respect to the countries of the citing authors, the citing journals, and the ISI subject categories. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Methods, Bibliometry, Citation, Citations, Conference Impact, Conferences, Databases, Functions, Host, Impact, ISI, Journals, Methods, Mode, Papers, Rights, SCI, Science Citation Index, Source, Systems, Time-Dependent, Web of ScienceTitle: Physica Status Solidi A-Applied ResearchFull Journal Title: Physica Status Solidi A-Applied ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Status Solidi AISSN: 0031-8965Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Wiley-V C H Verlag GmbHPublisher Address: Muhlenstrasse 33-34, D-13187 Berlin, GermanySubject Categories: Physics, Condensed Matter: Impact FactorTitle: Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its ApplicationsFull Journal Title: Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its ApplicationsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0378-4371Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorAranovich, G.L. and Donohue, M.D. (1997), New approximate solutions to the Ising problem in three dimensions. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 242 (3-4), 409-422.Full Text: P\Physica A242, 409.pdfAbstract: A new approximate theory is proposed to treat the three-dimensional Ising model. The theory is based on a generalization to three dimensions of the classical Ono-Kondo equations for the density profile near a surface. Results are obtained in closed form. The accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparison with Monte Carlo simulation data for a hexagonal lattice gas. In addition, this approach represents a significant advance (compared to the Bragg-Williams and Bethe-Guggenheim approximations) in that it takes into account the lattice structure, not just the coordination number. Therefore, it can predict differences in energies between different lattices that have the same coordination number. Thisnew model can be considered as an alternative approach to the cluster variation method (CVM). We compare the model predicted here with CVM, and it is shown that the two models are in closeagreement. In addition, it is shown that CVM can be used to include larger cluster sizes in the framework of the Ono-Kondo approach.Pietronero, L., Tosatti, E., Tosatti, V. and Vespignani, A. (2001), Explaining the uneven distribution of numbers in nature: The laws of Benford and Zipf. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 293 (1-2), 297-304.Full Text: P\Phy A-Sta Mec Its App293, 297.pdfAbstract: The distribution of first digits in numbers series obtained from very different origins shows a marked asymmetry in favor of small digits that goes under the name of Benford’s law. We analyze in detail this property for different data sets and give a general explanation for the origin of the Benford’s law in terms of multiplicative processes. We show that this law can be also generalized to series of numbers generated from more complex systems like the catalogs of seismic activity. Finally, we derive a relation between the generalized Benford’s law and the popular Zipf’s law which characterize the rank order statistics and has been extensively applied to many problems ranging from city population to linguistics.Barabasi, A.L., Jeong, H., Neda, Z., Ravasz, E., Schubert, A. and Vicsek, T. (2002), Evolution of the social network of scientific collaborations. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 311 (3-4), 590-614.Full Text: P\Phy A-Sta Mec Its App311, 590.pdfAbstract: The co-authorship network of scientists represents a prototype of complex evolving networks. In addition, it offers one of the most extensive database to date on social networks. By mapping the electronic database containing all relevant journals in mathematics and neuro-science for an 8-year period (1991-98), we infer the dynamic and the structural mechanisms that govern the evolution and topology of this complex system. Three complementary approaches allow us to obtain a detailed characterization. First, empirical measurements allow us to uncover the topological measures that characterize the network at a given moment, as well as the time evolution of these quantities. The results indicate that the network is scale-free, and that the network evolution is governed by preferential attachment, affecting both internal and external links. However, in contrast with most model predictions the average degree increases in time, and the node separation decreases. Second, we propose a simple model that captures the network’s time evolution. In some limits the model can be solved analytically, predicting a two-regime scaling in agreement with the measurements. Third, numerical simulations are used to uncover the behavior of quantities that could not be predicted analytically. The combined numerical and analytical results underline the important role internal links play in determining the observed scaling behavior and network topology. The results and methodologies developed in the context of the co-authorship network could be useful for a systematic study of other complex evolving networks as well, such as the world wide web, Internet, or other social networks. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.Keywords: Random Networks, Scaling, Small-Word Systems, Scale-Free Networks, World-Wide-Web, Growing Random Networks, Topology, Internet, Distributions, Organization, Dynamics, GrowthFarkas, I., Derenyi, I., Jeong, H., Meda, Z., Oltvai, Z.N., Ravasz, E., Schubert, A., Barabasi, A.L. and Vicsek, T. (2002), Networks in life: Scaling properties and eigenvalue spectra. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 314 (1-4), 25-34.Full Text: P\Phy A-Sta Mec Its App314, 25.pdfAbstract: We analyze growing networks ranging from collaboration graphs of scientists to the network of similarities defined among the various transcriptional profiles of living cells. For the explicit demonstration of the scale-free nature and hierarchical organization of these graphs, a deterministic construction is also used. We demonstrate the use of determining the eigenvalue spectra of sparse random graph models for the categorization of small measured networks. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Random Networks, Collaboration Graphs, Graph Spectra, Spectral Analysis of Real-World Graphs, Scientific Collaboration Networks, Small-World Networks, Behavior, Dynamics, WebAusloos, M. and Bronlet, Ph. (2003), Strategy for investments from Zipf law(s). Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 324 (1-2), 30-37.Full Text: P\Phy A-Sta Mec Its App324, 30.pdfAbstract: We have applied the Zipf method to extract the ‘ exponent for seven financial indices (DAX, FTSE; DJIA, NASDAQ, S&P500; Hang-Seng and Nikkei 225), after having translated the signals into a text based on two letters. We follow considerations based on the signal Hurst exponent and the notion of a time dependent Zipf law and exponent in order to implement two simple investment strategies for such indices. We show the time dependence of the returns.Keywords: Zipf, Econophysics, Financial Indices, Returns, Hurst ExponentWilhelm, T. and H?nggi, P. (2003), Power-law distributions resulting from finite resources. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 329 (3-4), 499-508.Full Text: P\Phy A-Sta Mec Its App329, 499.pdfAbstract: An elementary stochastic model, termed the normalization model, is put forward which does demonstrate that power-laws generically occur in systems with finite resources. The model is capable to exhibit power-law distributions with arbitrary power law exponents; nevertheless, for a large fraction of the parameter space power law exponents near unity are obtained.As an application of the normalization mechanism we consider a network growth-saturation model. This model extends the scale-free network model (SF) to include the fact of finite resources. In the network growth-saturation model the scale-free property holds only for the growth period, within the stationary regime we obtain power-law distributions of the weight of the edges among the vertices. We conjecture that this pattern will be found in the Internet if it reaches the steady state.Keywords: Power-law distribution, Zipf’s law, Stochastic multiplicative process, Network, Internet? Brouers, F. and Sotolongo-Costa, O. (2006), Generalized fractal kinetics in complex systems (application to biophysics and biotechnology). Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 368 (1), 165-175.Full Text: 2006\Phy A-Sta Mec Its App368, 165.pdfAbstract: We derive a universal function for the kinetics of complex systems characterized by stretched exponential and/or power-law behaviors. This kinetic function unifies and generalizes previous theoretical attempts to describe what has been called ‘fractal kinetic’.The concentration evolutionary equation is formally similar to the relaxation function obtained in the stochastic theory of relaxation, with two exponents α and n. The first one is due to memory effects and short-range correlations and the second one finds its origin in the long-range correlations and geometrical frustrations which give rise to ageing behavior. These effects can be formally handled by introducing adequate probability distributions for the rate coefficient. We show that the distribution of rate coefficients is the consequence of local variations of the free energy (energy landscape) appearing in the exponent of the Arrhenius formula.The fractal (n,α) kinetic has been applied to a few problems of fundamental and practical importance in particular the sorption of dissolved contaminants in liquid phase. Contrary to the usual practice in that field, we found that the exponent α, which is implicitly equal to 1 in the traditional analysis of kinetic data in terms of first- or second-order reactions, is a relevant and useful parameter to characterize the kinetics of complex systems. It is formally related to the system energy landscape which depends on physical, chemical and biological internal and external factors.We discuss briefly the relation of the (n,α) kinetic formalism with the Tsallis theory of non-extensive systems.Keywords: Fractal Kinetics, Complex Systems, Non-Extensive Systems, Energy Landscape, Levy Distributions, Sorption in Aqueous Solutions? Wang, M.Y., Yu, G. and Yu, D. (2009), Effect of the age of papers on the preferential attachment in citation networks. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 388 (19), 4273-4276.Full Text: 2009\Phy A-Sta Mec Its App388, 4273.pdfAbstract: In this paper, we investigated the influences of the age of papers oil the preferential attachment on the basis of three actual citation networks. We found that the time dependence of the attachment rate Pi(k, t) follows a uniform exponentially decreasing function, T(t) similar to exp(-lambda t), in different citation networks. Younger papers are more likely to be cited by new ones than older papers. Oil the basis of the aging influences, we modified the expression for the preferential attachment, to Pi(k, t) proportional to k*exp(-lambda t). Our results show that the modified preferential attachment works well for citation networks. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Citation Network, Preferential Attachment, Aging EffectTitle: Physica Status Solidi B-Basic ResearchFull Journal Title: Physica Status Solidi B-Basic ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Status Solidi BISSN: 0370-1972Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Wiley-V C H Verlag GmbHPublisher Address: Muhlenstrasse 33-34, D-13187 Berlin, GermanySubject Categories: Physics, Condensed Matter: Impact Factor? Freund, H.J. (1995), Metal oxide surfaces: Electronic structure and molecular adsorption. Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Research, 192 (2), 407-440.Abstract: The surface science of oxides has received considerably less attention than the study of metalsurfaces. We review some of our work on structural characterization and electronic structure investigations on oxide surfaces which we prepare as thin oxide films on metal lic substrates. This preparation method leads to certain experimental advantages concerning the application of electron spectroscopies on such systems. We discuss molecular adsorption on non-polar and polar surfaces of clean oxides. The influence of metal deposition onto the oxide surfaces and on their properties with respect to adsorption is described. Light induced processes with full quantum state detection of desorbing molecules are addressed. The possibility of studying dynamic processes in adsorbates on oxides via electron spin resonance spectroscopy is evaluated.Cardona, M. (2003), William Paul: A scientist, a teacher, and a friend. Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Research, 235 (2), 211-220.Full Text: P\Phy Sta Sol B-Bas Res235, 211.pdfAbstract: The author belongs to the first generation of graduate students Bill Paul supervised at Harvard. He learned from Bill the physics of semiconductors, especially under high pressure, and also how to manage a research group. Last, but not least, he also learned from him the rules of ethics of the scientific endeavor which seem to be often forgotten in recent times. The ‘Bill Paul Experience’ left a permanent imprint on the speaker’s future career. After a short biographical sketch, the article discusses the scientific lineage of Bill Paul and presents a bibliometric analysis of his publications. This is followed by a discussion of what the speaker and the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) believe are Bill’s most important contributions to Semiconductor Science, in particular the application of high pressure to the investigation of the band structure of semiconductors and the wide field of amorphous materials.Keywords: SiliconTitle: Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State PhysicsFull Journal Title: Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State PhysicsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0370-1972Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Cardona, M. (2007), 12th International Conference on High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (HPSP-12): Concluding remarks. Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Physics, 244 (1), 481-487.Full Text: 2007\Phy Sta Sol B-Bas Sol Sta Phy244, 481.pdfAbstract: These concluding remarks discuss the attractiveness of Barcelona as a venue for conferences like the HPSP and the highlights of the work presented at the HPSP-12. The discussion is complemented by information concerning the previous eleven HPSP and a historical review of the field. These concluding remarks end with a few bibliometric data which include the development of the field in Spain, and in particular in Barcelona, since 1975. (C) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Keywords: Bibliometric, Development, Electroreflectance, Gaas, GE, Germanium, GPA, Historical, Historical Review, Information, Review, SI, Silicon, Spain, Spectrum, Uniaxial-Stress? Marx, W. and Barth, A. (2008), Carbon nanotubes - A scientometric study. Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Physics, 245 (10), 2347-2351.Full Text: 2008\Phy Sta Sol B-Bas Sol Sta Phy245, 2347.pdfAbstract: This study has been carried out to analyze the carbon nano-tubes research field by scientometric methods. The data are based on the Thomson/ISI Web of Science (WoS) and on the literature file of the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS). The time dependent overall number of articles dealing with nano-tubes is given. The data reveal a dramatic increase of basic research activity in this research field. The most productive authors and leading research organizations are determined. The distribution of the nanotubes articles on the countries of the authors and on the leading journals is given, The citation data of nanotubes articles are discussed: The average citation rate of nanotubes related articles and of articles out of other currently popular research fields published in the year 2000 are compared with the average citation rates in chemistry and physics. The time evolution of the most highly cited nanotubes papers and of the complete ensemble of the nanotubes articles published in 2000 are shown. The impact of two nanotubes papers appeared prior to 1991 is discussed. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim? Marx, W. and Hoffmann, D. (2011), Bibliometric analysis of fifty years of physica status solidi. Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Physics, 248 (12), 2762-2771.Full Text: 2011\Phy Sta Sol B-Bas Sol Sta Phy248, 2762.pdfAbstract: Bibliometric methods are used to analyze quantitatively the journal physica status solidi (pss) 50 years after its inception. First, the coverage of the journal by the relevant citation indices accessible under the Web of Science (WoS) and the field-specific INSPEC database is examined. The number of papers published per year by the journal as a whole and by the specific pss series is given. The time evolution of the pss output in terms of papers per year is compared with the output evolution of some major competing journals in the field of condensed-matter physics. The top-12 most frequently cited pss papers published within the complete time period 19612010 and within the two separate time periods 19741989 and 19902010 (before and after the German reunification) are listed. The citation time curves (citation history) of the three most frequently cited pss papers are presented. Furthermore, the Journal Impact Factors (JIFs) of the pss journal series (a) and (b) are discussed and their time evolution is shown. Moreover, the distribution of the pss papers over their document types and the authors is given. The countries of authors are ranked for the complete time period 19612010 as well as for the time periods 19731989 and 19902010. The complete ensemble of the citing papers of the pss papers is analyzed and discussed. The journals citing most often the pss papers published in the year 2000 are listed. Finally, the distribution of the pss papers over the various subject areas and classification terms based on the INSPEC database is tabled. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Methods, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Indices, Citations, Countries, Coverage, Document Types, Evolution, Factors, History, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Journal, Journals, Light, Papers, Physica Status Solidi, PSS, Science, Web of Science, Web-of-Science, WOSTitle: Physical Adsorption: Experiment, Theory and ApplicationsNATO Advanced Science Institutes Series, Series C: Mathematical and physical Sciences Vol.: 491, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, LondonSing, K.S.W. (1997), Historical perspectives of physical adsorption. in Physical Adsorption: Experiment, Theory and Applications. (Edited by Fraissard, J.), NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series C491, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 3-8.Sing, K.S.W. (1997), Analysis of physisorption isotherms determination of surface area and porosity. in Physical Adsorption: Experiment, Theory and Applications. (Edited by Fraissard, J.), NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series C491, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 9-16.Tun?ay, M., G?ktürk, S., Mardinli, A. and Mahramanlioglu, M. (1997), Adsorption from binary liquid mixtures on activated charcoal surfaces. in Physical Adsorption: Experiment, Theory and Applications. (Edited by Fraissard, J.), NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series C491, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 553-557.Title: Physical Chemistry Chemical PhysicsFull Journal Title: Physical Chemistry Chemical PhysicsISO Abbreviated Title: PCCP Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.JCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Chem Chem PhysISSN: 1463-9076Issues/Year: 24Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Royal Soc ChemistryPublisher Address: Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0WF, Cambs, EngSubject Categories: Chemistry, Physical: Impact Factor 1.653, 34/91 (2000)Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical: Impact Factor ? Bryan, N.D., Jones, D.M., Appleton, M., Livens, F.R., Jones, M.N., Warwick, P., King, S. and Hall, A. (2000), A physicochemical model of metal-humate interactions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2 (6), 1291-1300.Full Text: 2000\Phy Che Che Phy2, 1291.pdfAbstract: A new physicochemical model of metal complexation by humic substances is described. The model takes into account the effects of double layer relaxation, chemical bond formation, and the increase in entropy associated with metal dehydration. In the case of the double layer thermodynamics, mathematical models, which may be used to calculate the enthalpic, entropic and total free energy contributions to the complexation reaction are formulated. The contribution of chemical bond formation to the enthalpy of reaction is investigated by comparison with simple ligand reaction enthalpies. In the case of the entropic contribution of metal dehydration, partial molar entropies were found to give the best measure. Binding enthalpies and entropies for Eu3+ and UO22+ with Aldrich humic acid have been determined: Delta H (Eu) = +36 kJmol-1; Delta S (Eu) = +276 JK-1mol-1; Delta H (UO22+) = +62 kJmol-1; Delta S (UO22+) = +62 J K-1 mol-1. In addition, the effect of ionic strength on the binding of Cu and Cd has been studied electrochemically. Using these data, combined with data from the literature, the model has been tested, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The suitability of the model for the prediction of unknown humic/metal complexation enthalpies, entropies and total binding strengths is discussed.Keywords: Humic Substances, Ion-Binding, Cation Binding, Acid, Complexation, Copper(II), Adsorption, Carbon? Bi?kup, B. and Suboti?, B. (2000), Development of a simplified model of dynamic exchange of cations in a thin layer of zeolite. Part 1. Exchange of Pb2+ ions from solution with Na+ ions from thin layers of zeolite A. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2 (20), 4728-4733.Full Text: 2000\Phy Che Che Phy2, 4728.pdfAbstract: A model of the kinetics of a dynamic exchange of cations in solution with cations from thin layers of zeolite(s) is developed. The validity of the model is confirmed by the correlation between measured and calculated values of the concentrations of Pb2+ ions in both the layers of zeolite A and the lead nitrate solutions passed through the layers of zeolite A. For this purpose, the initial concentration of Pb2+ ions in the solutions, the mass of zeolite A in the layer and the flow rate of the solution through the layers of zeolite A were varied.Keywords: Waste-Water, Natural Zeolites, Heavy-Metals, Removal, Lead, Ni? Tuma, C. and Sauer, J. (2006), Treating dispersion effects in extended systems by hybrid MP2: DFT calculations - protonation of isobutene in zeolite ferrierite. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 8 (34), 3955-3965.Full Text: 2006\Phy Che Che Phy8, 3955.pdfAbstract: We propose use of a hybrid method to study problems that involve both bond rearrangements and van-der-Waals interactions. The method combines second-order Moller -Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) calculations for the reaction site with density functional theory (DFT) calculations for a large system under periodic boundary conditions. Hybrid MP2: DFT structure optimisation for a cluster embedded in the periodic model is the first of three steps in a multi-level approach. The second step is extrapolation of the MP2 energy to the complete basis set limit. The third step is extrapolating the high-level (MP2) correction to the limiting case of the full periodic structure. This is done by calculating the MP2 correction for a series of cluster models of increasing size, fitting an analytic expression to these energy corrections, and applying the fitted expression to the full periodic structure. We assume that, up to a constant, the high-level correction is described by a damped dispersion expression. Combining the results of all three steps yields an estimate of the MP2 reaction energy for the full periodic system at the complete basis set level. The method is designed for a reaction between a small or medium sized substrate molecule and a very large chemical system. For adsorption of isobutene in zeolite H-ferrierite, the energies obtained for the formation of different structures, the pi-complex, the isobutoxide, the tert-butoxide, and the tertbutyl carbenium ion, are -78, -73, -48, and -21 kJ mol-1, respectively. This corresponds to corrections of the pure DFT (PBE functional) results by -62, -70, -67, and -29 kJ mol-1, respectively. Hence, the MP2 corrections are substantial and, perhaps more importantly, not the same for the different hydrocarbon species in the zeolite. Coupled-cluster (CCSD(T)) calculations change the MP2 energies by -4 kJ mol-1 (tert-butyl cation) or less (below +, - 1 kJ mol-1 for the other species).Keywords: Ab-Initio, Adsorption, Basis-Set Convergence, Butene Skeletal Isomerization, Density-Functional Theory, Diatomic-Molecules, Gaussian-Basis Sets, Model, Plesset Perturbation-Theory, Potential Functions, Quantum-Mechanics, Second-Order, The-Identity ApproximationTitle: The Physical Chemistry of Dyeing? Vickerstaff, T. (1954), The Physical Chemistry of Dyeing. Imperial Chemical Industries. London.Title: Physical ReviewFull Journal Title: Physical ReviewISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. RevJCR Abbreviated Title: Phys RevISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Lilienfeld, J.E. (1914), A reply to Mr. Irving Langmuir’s paper “the effect of space charge and residual gases on their mionic currents in high vacuum.” Physical Review, 3 (5), 364-365.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev3, 364.pdf? Langmuir, I. (1915), A theory of adsorption. Physical Review, 6 (1), 79-80.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev6, 79.pdfNotes: highly cited? Langmuir, I. (1916), The evaporation, condensation and reflection of molecules and the mechanism of adsorption. Physical Review, 8 (2), 149-176.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev8, 149.pdfAbstract: The author commences by dealing with R. W. Wood’s experiments in which a stream of mercury atoms is caused to impinge upon a plate of glass held at a definite temperature. With the plate at liquid-air temperature all the mercury atoms are condensed on the plate, whereas with the plate at room temperature all the atoms appear to be diffusely reflected. Wood seems to consider that it is a real case of reflection, but the author here suggests an alternative way of interpreting the experiments. Taking the example that all the atoms of mercury which strike the plate condense, no matter what may be the temperature of the plate, then at higher temperatures the condensed atoms may re-evaporate again so rapidly that the surface remains practically free from mercury. The two phenomena of re-evaporation and true reflection are quite distinct, and the difference would be manifest if the so-called reflection were studied at intermediate temperatures. In the case of reflection the number of atoms reflected would always be proportional to the number striking the surface, whereas, on the re-evaporation theory, the number leaving the surface can never exceed the normal rate at which mercury evaporates into a perfect vacuum. The author’s experiments have convinced him that molecules and atoms of all kinds show little or no tendency to be reflected from a solid surface against which they strike. In the case of metal vapours condensing on the corresponding metals, the evidence indicates that not over one atom per thousand is reflected. With molecules of the so-called permanent gases striking surfaces covered with adsorbed films of gas molecules, there is some evidence that a certain amount of reflection may occur. When hydrogen molecules strike a hydrogen-covered surface at high temperatures it is possible that up to 81 % of the molecules are reflected, but this appears to be the maximum, and with gases other than hydrogen and helium the amount of reflection is always less than 50 %, no matter what may be the nature of the solid surface. The first part of the present paper deals with the accumulated experimental data on the subject. Previous work on the rate of evaporation of tungsten filaments in a high vacuum led to the following relation being derived between the vapour pressure /b p/ and the rate of evaporation /b m/, namely: /b m/ = (1-/b r/ radic (M/b p//2 pi RT), where M is the molecular weight of the vapour, R the gas constant, and /b r/ the coefficient of reflection of the vapour molecules which strike the surface. Putting /b r/ = 0, this formula was used to calculate the vapour pressure of tungsten from the rate of evaporation. Subsequently the vapour pressures of Pt and Mo were determined by the same method. Unpublished experiments have also been made with Ag, Au, Fe, Cu, and Ni, those with Silver being in agreement with independent results for the vapour pressure obtained by v. Wartenburg. Hertz opined in 1882 that the rate of evaporation of mercury at 100 degrees into a perfect vacuum could not exceed 0.016 gm. per cm./sup 2/ per sec., a result not far from that obtained by the present author. From Hertz’s experimental result together with the author’s calculations it is concluded that at least 15 % of all the mercury atoms striking the surface must condense. Close examination of Hertz’s experimental conditions indicate his result as being much too low and that the amount of real reflection is very small. Knudsen’s recent work supports these conclusions, which are extended to W, Pt, Cu, Au, Ag, Mo, C, Fe, Ni, and Th. It therefore seems reasonable to conclude that the reflectivity of metal atoms striking surfaces of the same metals at room temperature (or lower) is zero. With respect to higher temperatures Knudsen’s work with mercury has shown that the reflectivity with this metal remains zero even at temperatures where the vapour pressure of the metal becomes fairly high, and in other cases the coefficient of reflectivity changes very little if at all with temperature. The question of application to non-metallic substances has still to be solved. The author discusses, ‘Heat Conduction in Gases at Low Pressures,’ ‘The Slip in Gases at Low Pressures,’ and ‘Statistics of Chemical Reactions’ from the standpoint of reflectivity; he shows that the reflectivity of oxygen, hydrogen, and CO molecules is small even at temperatures of 900°K., and that there is every reason to believe there is no increase at higher temperatures. The second part of the paper deals with theoretical considerations, since the phenomena of condensation, evaporation, and reflection of molecules are closely related to those of the viscosity, heat-conductivity, and adsorption of gases at low pressures. A method is derived of calculating the probability that an atom on the surface of a solid may have a sufficient velocity to cause an incident molecule to be reflected. Two assumptions, however, had to be made: (1) that the forces and motions involved are all normal to the surface; (2) that the collisions are perfectly elastic, and that the work done on the incident particle by the attractive forces all appears as kinetic energy of this particle. As both these assumptions cannot correspond with the facts, the actual probability must be very much less than the calculated value. The problem is similar to that of a calculation of the ‘time of relaxation’ for a gas. It is probable that atoms of metal vapour striking the surface reach practically perfect thermal equilibrium with adjacent atoms before they can possibly escape again from the surface. The amount of reflection during the condensation of metallic vapours is therefore probably extremely small. Since the high heat conductivity of metals is related to their electrical conductivity, it is concluded that free electrons play an important part in the mechanism of the condensation of metallic vapours. Metals in contact with hydrogen, however, have, even at low pressures, their surface completely covered with a layer of hydrogen atoms or molecules, and a considerable fraction of the hydrogen molecules striking other hydrogen atoms or molecules on the surface appear to be reflected. The reasons for this high reflectivity probably are: (1) the small heat of condensation;(2) the temperature very high compared to the boiling-point of hydrogen;(8) the atoms forming the adsorbed layer on the surface may be so rigidly held by the underlying metal as to increase greatly the tendency for the weakly attracted incident atoms to be reflected. As a final opinion the author states that when gas molecules strike solid bodies, in no case are more than 90 % reflected, and he gives a detailed discussion in support.Keywords: Adsorption, Equilibrium, Kinetic, Mechanism, Mercury, Metal, Metals, Temperature, Theory? Lemon, H. and Blodgett, K. (1919), Adsorption of gases by charcoal. II. Physical Review, 14 (5), 394-402.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev14, 394.pdfAbstract: Problem.—When an activated and previously evacuated specimen of cocoanut shell charcoal is exposed to an excess of a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, the two gases are unequally adsorbed. It is desired to determine how the equilibrium pressure at constant volume depends upon the composition of the mixture; the ratio of the mass of gas to the mass of charcoal being the same in all cases.Results.—(1) There is a nearly linear relation between the logarithm of the equilibrium pressure and the per cent. of oxygen in the mixture. (2) The two gases in the mixture are not adsorbed independently. (3) A given volume either of a pure gas or of a mixture is less completely adsorbed if admitted at one time than if it is admitted in two portions, the second half being admitted after the adsorption of the first has reached equilibrium.Keywords: Adsorption, Equilibrium? Sheldon, H. (1920), Charcoal activation. Physical Review, 15 (2), 135-136.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev15, 135.pdfAbstract: Recently there have been published papers dealing with charcoal activation, which propose a hydrocarbon hypothesis, but there is a lack of published data, either in support of or in contradiction to this theory. In the case of hydrogen, for out-gassing temperatures-below 600°C the activity of the charcoal is not affected, which shows that activation below this temperature must be entirely due to oxidation. At 700°C the activity is increased, showing that, according to the hydrocarbon theory, the boiling-points of some of the inactive hydrocarbons have been reached. When no further activation could be produced at this temperature, 800°C was, however, effective. At 900°C de-activation was found to take place slowly, which indicated that the basic structure, or active carbon, was being modified. The de-activation was very decided at 1000°C. So far the evidence for the hydrocarbon theory seems to be excellent, but a most significant fact is that charcoals de-activated so far as the adsorption of nitrogen is concerned remain nearly as good for hydrogen an before treatment, regardless of what gases may have been in the charcoal during, or previous to, the high-temperature treatment. A sample of charcoal which, at liquid-air temperature, will adsorb 2000 cm./sup 3/ (normal) of nitrogen, may be de-activated so as to adsorb 400 cm./sup 3/, and still remain unchanged to within 50 cm./sup 3/ so far as hydrogen is concerned. This suggests that hydrogen adsorption must be, to some extent, a different thing from nitrogen adsorption, and it is suggested that, apart from surface condensation, the hydrogen may, at the same time, act chemically to form an easily dissociated hydrocarbon. Since this secondary action in the case of nitrogen would not be expected, this would class hydrogen adsorption as quite different from nitrogen adsorption.Keywords: Activation, Adsorption, Carbon, Oxidation, Temperature, Theory? Wilson, R. (1920), Note on the adsorption of nitrogen and oxygen by charcoal. Physical Review, 16 (1), 8-16.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev16, 8.pdfAbstract: Discussion of Previously Published Results on the Adsorption of Oxygen, Nitrogen, and their Mixtures in Activated Charcoal at Liquid Air Temperatures.—This paper is based on experimental data recently set forth in this review, “Studies in the Adsorption of Gases by Charcoal, II.,” by Lemon and Blodgett.Definite Relationship between Mols of Oxygen, Nitrogen, or Mixtures Adsorbed.—Attention is called to the surprising fact, hitherto not mentioned, that the number of mols of oxygen adsorbed to any given final pressure is almost exactly 1.30 times the number of mols of nitrogen adsorbed to the same final pressure. The pressure vs. volume adsorbed curve for pure oxygen and for mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen can, therefore, be very accurately calculated from the results obtained with nitrogen alone. Furthermore, it is also possible to reproduce all the curves representing the rate of adsorption from the results obtained with nitrogen alone.Bearing of Foregoing Relationship on Theory of Adsorption; Nature of Forces by which Gas Molecules are Held.—By a mathematical treatment of the foregoing data, it can be demonstrated that neither Langmuir’s one layer adsorption theory (which undoubtedly applies to that portion of the gas held with the greatest tenacity) nor the “capillary condensation theory” (which applies to loosely held liquid in capillaries of moderate size) are applicable to the intermediate range of pressures covered by Lemon and Blodgett’s data. Their results can, however, be explained on the basis of the following hypotheses: (1) the ratio of the molecular volume of adsorbed nitrogen to that of adsorbed oxygen is the same as for the free liquids (1.31 at - 192° C.); (2) the gases are held in layers several molecules deep primarily by the attractive force of the charcoal surface; (3) the stray field around oxygen and nitrogen molecules is substantially the same at any given distance.Keywords: Adsorption, Size, Theory? Sheldon, H. (1920), Charcoal activation. Physical Review, 16 (3), 165-173.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev16, 165.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of Gases by Charcoal—Heat Effect.—The first part of this paper comprises a study of the heat effect on the adsorption of hydrogen and nitrogen by charcoal, and is a continuation of the work of Dr. Harvey B. Lemon1 in which air was used. The charcoal is heated for periods varying from one hour to twenty hours at temperatures from 400° C. to 1000° C., and at the same time the gases given off are pumped out with a mercury condensation pump. The activity of the charcoal is tested after each treatment by its adsorption of gas at liquid air temperature, and the results are shown by curves where logarithm of time in minutes, is plotted against logarithm of pressure in centimeters. The agreement with predictions from the hydrocarbon theory of adsorption are pointed out. That activation takes place by slow oxidation at room temperature is also shown.A New Form of Charcoal—Selective Adsorption.—By heating to 1000° C. for 3? hours, a sample of charcoal was put into a condition such that it adsorbed hydrogen more readily than nitrogen. Theory is advanced to account for this.Keywords: Activation, Adsorption, Mercury, Oxidation, Temperature, TheoryTaylor, J.B. and Langmuir, J. (1933), The evaporation of atoms, ions and electrons from electrons from caesium films on tungsten. Physical Review, 44 (6), 423-458.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev44, 423.pdfAbstract: Precision methods for measuring the number of caesium atoms adsorbed on tungsten are described. With these methods for determining θ (the fraction of the tungsten surface covered with Cs), the rates of atom, ion and electron emission are measured as functions of θ and T, the filament temperature. The rate of atom evaporation, νa, increases rapidly with θ and with T. At low filament temperatures and high pressures of Cs vapor the concentration of adsorbed Cs atoms approaches a limit 3.563×1014 atoms cm-2 of true filament surface (one Cs atom for four tungsten atoms). This film (θ=1) exhibits all the characteristics of a true monatomic layer. The formation of a second layer begins only at filament temperatures corresponding to nearly saturated Cs vapor. A theory of the formation of a second and of polyatomic layers is given and experiments supporting it are described. The heat of evaporation (given by the Clapeyron equation) for Cs atoms from clean tungsten is 2.83 volts (65,140 calories), 1.93 volts or 44,473 calories at θ=0.67, and 1.77 volts or 40,757 calories at θ?1. The adsorbing tungsten surface after proper aging is homogeneous, except that about 0.5 percent of it (active spots) can hold Cs more firmly than the rest. The procedure in obtaining electron (νe) and ion (νp) emission for zero field and the large changes in the effect of external field with θ are described. From both νe and νp the contact potential Vc is calculated, agreeing, except for very concentrated films, with Vc calculated entirely from data on neutral atom evaporation. At constant temperature the electron emission increases to a maximum at θ=0.67 and decreases as θ=1 is approached. The positive ion emission increases rapidly to a maximum at θ?0.01 and then decreases. The work function (exponent in Dushman type equation) for electrons at θ=0.67 is 1.70 volts (clean tungsten=4.62 volts). The work function for ions is 1.91 volts at θ=0, and 3.93 volts at θ=0.67. It is shown by experiment that the saturated ion current from a clean hot (1200-1500°K) tungsten filament is an accurate measure (experimental error of about 0.2 percent) of the number of atoms striking the filament per second. The condensation coefficient (α) for atoms striking a tungsten filament is proved by experiment to be unity from θ=0 to nearly 1. The important bearing of this fact and of the experimentally observed existence of surface migration or diffusion on the mechanism of evaporation and condensation in dilute and concentrated films is discussed. In addition surface migration is correlated with irregular ion evaporation rates occurring when two phases (dilute and concentrated films of Cs) exist on the tungsten surface. Transient effects in which θ changes with time are studied and entirely explained by the observed rates of evaporation and condensation. This and other facts are used to justify a surface phase postulate according to which all the properties of the adsorbed film are uniquely determined by θ and T.Notes: highly cited? Einstein, A., Podolsky, B. and Rosen, N. (1935), Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Physical Review, 47 (10), 777-780.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev47, 777.pdfKeywords: PhysicalNotes: highly cited? Einstein, A. and Rosen, N. (1935), The particle problem in the general theory of relativity. Physical Review, 48 (1), 73-77.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev48, 73.pdfKeywords: General, Theory? Blodgett, K.B. and Langmuir, I. (1937), Built-up films of barium stearate and their optical properties. Physical Review, 51 (11), 964-982.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev51, 964.pdfAbstract: The technique of depositing successive single layers of molecules of various stearates on a solid surface is described. Films containing 3001 layers have been built of barium-copper stearate. A photograph shows films built in a series of steps having intervals of 2 molecular layers. The contrast of the steps is plainly visible when the slide is illuminated by polarized light at angles near grazing incidence. By measuring the angles at which films containing known numbers of layers reflect minimum intensity of monochromatic light for the first five interference fringes, the thickness per layer and refractive index can be calculated with great accuracy. The thickness per layer of barium stearate was found to be 24.40A. The presence of traces of foreign substances in the water affect the spacing by 1 to 3 percent. The films are uniaxial crystals, the optic axis being perpendicular to the surface on which the films are built. The refractive index of the ordinary ray, n1, and of the extraordinary ray in a direction perpendicular to the axis, n3, are n1=1.491, n3=1.551. Equations are given which describe the refraction of the extraordinary ray, the intensity of the rays reflected from the upper surface and from the film solid boundary, the phase change at the boundaries, Brewster’s angle, and other special properties of birefringent films. The intensity of the light and dark fringes reflected by films built on a series of glasses of known refractive indices is used as a measure of n1. Skeleton films. Barium stearate films built at pH<7.0 are composed of a mixture of stearic acid and neutral stearate. The stearic acid can be dissolved by benzene leaving a skeleton of stearate which is birefringent and has refractive indices much lower than those of the normal film. Measurements are given of a skeleton for which n1=1.30, others for which n1=1.32, n3=1.39. Skeletons have been built having n1=1.25 and 1.22. The skeleton for which n1=1.30 had 99.2 percent of the thickness of the original film, although only 63.7 percent of its density.? Burtt, B.P. and Kurbatov, J.D. (1945), An adsorption isotherm of radon. Physical Review, 68 (3-4), 101.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev68, 101.pdfNotes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. (1947), On quantized space-time. Physical Review, 72 (9), 874.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev72, 874.pdfNotes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. (1948), On the angular distribution in nuclear reactions and coincidence measurements. Physical Review, 74 (7), 764-772.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev74, 764.pdfAbstract: Theorems concerning the general form of the angular distribution of products of nuclear reactions and distintegrations are derived. These theorems are based only on the invariance properties of the physical process under space rotation and under inversion. The following examples are studied in detail: (i) angular correlation between the electron and the neutrino in β-decay; (ii) angular correlation between a β-ray and a γ-ray emitted in succession by a nucleus; and (iii) angular correlation between two γ-rays emitted in succession by a nucleus.Notes: highly cited? Fermi, E. and Yang, C.N. (1949), Are mesons elementary particles. Physical Review, 76 (12), 1739-1743.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev76, 1739.pdfAbstract: The hypothesis that π-mesons may be composite particles formed by the association of a nucleon with an anti-nucleon is discussed. From an extremely crude discussion of the model it appears that such a meson would have in most respects properties similar to those of the meson of the Yukawa theory.Notes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. (1950), Selection rules for the dematerialization of a particle into 2 photons. Physical Review, 77 (2), 242-245.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev77, 242.pdfAbstract: Selection rules governing the disintegration of a particle into two photons are derived from the general principle of invariance under rotation and inversion. The polarization state of the photons is completely fixed by the selection rules for initial particles with spin less than 2. These results which are independent of any specific assumption about the interactions may possibly offer a method of deciding the symmetry nature of mesons which decay into two photons.Keywords: ParticleNotes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. and Tiomno, J. (1950), Reflection properties of spin 1/2 fields and a universal fermi-type interaction. Physical Review, 79 (3), 495-498.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev79, 495.pdfAbstract: It is pointed out that four different transformations are possible under an inversion for fields of spin ?. The consequences are discussed, and the bearing on the possibility of a universal Fermi-type interaction is analyzed.Notes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. and Feldman, D. (1950), The s-matrix in the heisenberg representation. Physical Review, 79 (6), 972-978.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev79, 972.pdfAbstract: A method is described whereby the S-matrix can be formulated directly in the Heisenberg representation. This has the advantage over the customary formulation in the interaction representation in that the concepts of space-like surfaces and their normals need never be introduced. Quantum electrodynamics and the β formalism of charged mesons are treated as illustrative examples; in particular, it is shown that general rules for writing down the elements of the S-matrix for the latter case may be immediately inferred.In the second part of this paper, a covariant procedure, independent of the canonical formalism, is carried out for making the transition from the Heisenberg to the interaction representation and is applied to several typical cases; in this way, the S-matrix of the Heisenberg picture is identified with that of other authors.Notes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. (1951), Actual path length of electrons in foils. Physical Review, 84 (3), 599-600.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev84, 599.pdfNotes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. (1952), The spontaneous magnetization of a 2-dimensional ising model. Physical Review, 85 (5), 808-815.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev85, 808.pdfAbstract: The spontaneous magnetization of a two-dimensional Ising model is calculated exactly. The result also gives the long-range order in the lattice.Keywords: Model, SpontaneousNotes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. and Lee, T.D. (1952), Statistical theory of equations of state and phase transitions. 1. Theory of condensation. Physical Review, 87 (3), 404-409.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev87, 404.pdfAbstract: A theory of equations of state and phase transitions is developed that describes the condensed as well as the gas phases and the transition regions. The thermodynamic properties of an infinite sample are studied rigorously and Mayer’s theory is re-examined.Notes: highly cited? Lee, T.D. and Yang, C.N. (1952), Statistical theory of equations of state and phase transitions. II. Lattice gas and ising model. Physical Review, 87 (3), 410-419.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev87, 401.pdfAbstract: The problems of an Ising model in a magnetic field and a lattice gas are proved mathematically equivalent. From this equivalence an example of a two-dimensional lattice gas is given for which the phase transition regions in the p-v diagram is exactly calculated.A theorem is proved which states that under a class of general conditions the roots of the grand partition function always lie on a circle. Consequences of this theorem and its relation with practical approximation methods are discussed. All the known exact results about the two-dimensional square Ising lattice are summarized, and some new results are quoted.Keywords: ModelNotes: highly cited? Yang, C.N. and Mills, R.L. (1954), Conservation of isotopic spin and isotopic gauge invariance. Physical Review, 96 (1), 191-195.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev96, 191.pdfAbstract: It is pointed out that the usual principle of invariance under isotopic spin rotation is not consistant with the concept of localized fields. The possibility is explored of having invariance under local isotopic spin rotations. This leads to formulating a principle of isotopic gauge invariance and the existence of a b field which has the same relation to the isotopic spin that the electromagnetic field has to the electric charge. The b field satisfies nonlinear differential equations. The quanta of the b field are particles with spin unity, isotopic spin unity, and electric charge ±e or zero.Notes: highly cited? Lee, T.D. and Yang, C.N. (1955), Conservation of heavy particles and generalized gauge transformations. Physical Review, 98 (5), 1501.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev98, 1501.pdfNotes: highly cited? Lee, T.D. and Yang, C.N. (1956), Question of parity conservation in weak interactions. Physical Review, 104 (1), 254-258.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev104, 254.pdfAbstract: The question of parity conservation in β decays and in hyperon and meson decays is examined. Possible experiments are suggested which might test parity conservation in these interactions.Notes: highly cited? Huang, K. and Yang, C.N. (1957), Quantum-mechanical many-body problem with hard-sphere interaction. Physical Review, 105 (3), 767-775.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev105, 767.pdfAbstract: The system under consideration is an N-particle quantum-mechanical system enclosed in a volume V, in which the particles interact via two-body hard-sphere potentials, with hard-sphere diameter a. The two-body hard-sphere problem is first discussed by a generalization of Fermi’s pseudopotential by means of which the problem is formulated entirely in terms of the scattering phase shifts. It is then shown that a pseudopotential for the N-body problem can be introduced, and leads to an expansion of the energy levels of the system in powers of a. The first order energy levels of a Bose and a Fermi system are calculated. For the Bose system, the first order energy formula exhibits an “energy gap” above the ground state, leading to properties of the system not dissimilar to that of a superfluid. The ground state energy for a Bose system is calculated to order a3 and that for the Fermi system, to order a2. The physical interpretation and validity of these results are discussed.Notes: highly cited? Huang, K., Yang, C.N. and Luttinger, J.M. (1957), Imperfect bose gas with hard-sphere interaction. Physical Review, 105 (3), 776-784.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev105, 776.pdfAbstract: The method developed in the previous paper for the treatment of the quantum-mechanical N-body hard-sphere problem is applied to a calculation of the grand partition function of an imperfect Bose gas with hard-sphere interactions. The grand partition function is calculated to second order in an expansion in powers of a/λ, where a is the hard-sphere diameter and λ the thermal wavelength. The approximate equation of state for the gas phase is thereby obtained by calculating all the virial coefficients to order (a/λ)2.The first-order energy levels obtained in the previous paper embody some interesting physical properties. A fictitious system with exactly such energy levels is considered. The partition function for such a system can be calculated exactly and the exact equation of state obtained. It is shown that there is a phase transition, which more closely resembles an ordinary gas-liquid transition than the Bose-Einstein condensation.Notes: highly cited? Lee, T.D. and Yang, C.N. (1957), Many-body problem in quantum mechanics and quantum statistical mechanics. Physical Review, 105 (3), 1119-1120.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev105, 1119.pdfNotes: highly cited? Lee, T.D. and Yang, C.N. (1957), Parity nonconservation and a 2-component theory of the neutrino. Physical Review, 105 (5), 1671-1675.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev105, 1671.pdfAbstract: A two-component theory of the neutrino is discussed. The theory is possible only if parity is not conserved in interactions involving the neutrino. Various experimental implications are analyzed. Some general remarks concerning nonconservation are made.Notes: highly cited? Lee, T.D., Oehme, R. and Yang, C.N. (1957), Remarks on possible noninvariance under time reversal and charge conjugation. Physical Review, 106 (2), 340-345.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev106, 340.pdfAbstract: Interrelations between the nonconservation properties of parity, time reversal, and charge conjugation are discussed. The results are stated in two theorems. The experimental implications for the K-K? complex are discussed in the last section.Notes: highly cited? Lee, T.D., Huang, K. and Yang, C.N. (1957), Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a bose system of hard spheres and its low-temperature properties. Physical Review, 106 (6), 1135-1145.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev106, 1135.pdfAbstract: It is shown that the pseudopotential method can be used for an explicit calculation of the first few terms in an expansion in power of (ρa3)1/2 of the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of a system of Bose particles with hard-sphere interaction. The low-temperature properties of the system are discussed.Notes: highly cited? Lee, T.D. and Yang, C.N. (1957), General partial wave analysis of the decay of a hyperon of spin 1. Physical Review, 108 (6), 1645-1646.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev108, 1645.pdf? Arrott, A. (1957), Criterion for ferromagnetism from observations of magnetic isotherms. Physical Review, 108 (6), 1394-1396.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev108, 1394.pdfAbstract: A criterion is proposed for determining the onset of ferromagnetism in a material as its temperature is lowered from a region in which the linearity of its magnetic moment versus field isotherm gives an indication of paramagnetism. Within the limits of validity of a molecular field treatment, the Curie temperature is shown to be in general indicated by the third power of the magnetization being proportional to the internal magnetic field. The method has been employed to redetermine the Curie point of nickel from the data of Weiss and Forrer, of Fe3O4 from the data of Smith and of some alloys from the data of Kaufmann and his collaborators and the author.?? Arnon, D.I. (1967), Photosynthetic activity of isolated chloroplasts. Physical Review, 47 (3), 317-358.Full Text: -1959\Phy Rev47, 317.pdf????????Title: Physical Review AFull Journal Title: Physical Review AISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Rev. AJCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Rev AISSN: 1050-2947Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: American Physical SocPublisher Address: One Physics Ellipse, College PK, MD 20740-3844Subject Categories: Optics Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical: Impact FactorSwendsen, R.H. (1981), Dynamics of random sequential adsorption. Physical Review A, 24 (1), 504-508.Full Text: 1981\Phy Rev A24, 504.pdfAbstract: The coverage of a two-dimensional surface by the random sequential adsorption of hard disks is shown to approach the “jamming limit” with time as t-1 / 2 (or t-1 / d for general dimension d), confirming a conjecture by Feder. The same argument predicts a logarithmic divergence of the two-particle correlation function at contact, confirming a second conjecture by Feder. The effects of placing squares on the surface instead of disks, and the consequences of these results for future numerical work on related problems are discussed.Talbot, J., Tarjus, G. and Schaaf, P. (1989), Unexpected asymptotic behavior in random sequential adsorption of nonspherical particles. Physical Review A, 40 (8), 4808-4811.Full Text: 1989\Phy Rev A40, 4808.pdfAbstract: The random sequential adsorption of ellipses on a uniform flat surface is studied using simulation methods. Contrary to expectations, the usual asymptotic law for the coverage versus time: Θ(∞)-Θ(t)=kt-p, with p=(1/2 is not obeyed. The long-time behavior is still well described by a power law. However, the effective parameter p is always less than (1/2 and decreases as the elongation of the ellipse increases: It is close to (1/3 for weakly elongated ellipses, while it approaches (1/4 for a system of ellipses with axial ratio 5.Stepanow, S. and Kraft, T. (1991), Equilibrium behavior of a brownian particle in a random environment. Physical Review A, 44 (10), 6929-6931.Full Text: 1991\Phy Rev A44, 6929.pdfAbstract: Behavior of a Brownian particle confined in a harmonic potential that is disturbed by a random environment is considered. The effect of the environment on the mean-square displacement, the relaxation time, and the equilibrium distribution function are studied within the renormalization-group method to the first order of ε=2-d (where d is the space dimensionality).Notes: highly cited? Lewenstein, M., Balcou, P., Ivanov, M.Y., Lhuillier, A. and Corkum, P.B. (1994), Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields. Physical Review A, 49 (3), 2117-2132.Full Text: 1994\Phy Rev A49, 2117.pdfAbstract: We present a simple, analytic, and fully quantum theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields. The theory recovers the classical interpretation of Kulander et al. in [Proceedings of the SILAP III Workshop, edited by B. Piraux (Plenum, New York, 1993)] and Corkum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1994 (1993)] and clearly explains why the single-atom harmonic-generation spectra fall off at an energy approximately equal to the ionization energy plus about three times the oscillation energy of a free electron in the field. The theory is valid for arbitrary atomic potentials and can be generalized to describe laser fields of arbitrary ellipticity and spectrum. We discuss the role of atomic dipole matrix elements, electron rescattering processes, and of depletion of the ground state. We present the exact quantum-mechanical formula for the harmonic cutoff that differs from the phenomenological law I(p) + 3.17U(p) where I(p) is the atomic ionization potential and U(p) is the ponderomotive energy, due to the account for quantum tunneling and diffusion effects.Keywords: Above-Threshold Ionization, Atoms, College, Hydrogen, Interpretation, Ions, Model, NM, Physics, Radiation, Rates, Scattering, XenonTitle: Physical Review BFull Journal Title: Physical Review BISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Rev. BJCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Rev BISSN: 0163-1829Issues/Year: 48Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: American Physical SocPublisher Address: One Physics Ellipse, College PK, MD 20740-3844Subject Categories: Physics, Condensed Matter: Impact Factor? Worth, J.P. and Trickey, S.B. (1979), Augmented plane-wave calculation of the zero-temperature isotherm of solid xenon. Physical Review B, 19 (6), 3310-3312.Full Text: 1960-80\Phy Rev B19, 3310.pdfAbstract: A high-precision recalculation (augmented plane wave, Kα) of the T=0 K isotherm of fcc xenon is reported and compared with Syassen’s x-ray measurements. The calculated isotherm can be put in very good agreement with the measured values by a small overall pressure shift.? Beni, G. and Shay, J.L. (1980), New electrochromism isotherm in anodic iridium oxide-films. Physical Review B, 21 (2), 364-367.Full Text: 1960-80\Phy Rev B21, 364.pdfAbstract: We show that there are two distinct electrochromic processes in anodic iridium oxide films. The measured isotherms for both processes have simple theoretical forms dominated by internal entropy changes of noninteracting particles. Such isotherms have never before been observed for amorphous films.? Hara, H., Chung, O.H. and Koyama, J. (1992), Dynamic activation processes described by generalized random walks. Physical Review B, 46 (2), 838-845.Full Text: 1992\Phy Rev B46, 838.pdfAbstract: The dynamical activation processes of a complex system under an external force are studied. The system is composed of clusters, and each cluster is an aggregation of strongly correlated units. The activation processes of the clusters are assumed to be described by generalized random walks, and their properties are studied by one of a response function PSI(c)(t). In the analysis, effects of the other clusters are taken into account by an average over PSI(c)(t), that is [PSI(c)(t)]. The temporal behaviors of PSI(c)(t) and [PSI(c)(t)] have been expressed as a power law. The indices of the power law are parametrized. The parameters are introduced to characterize the structures of the units and the distributions of the clusters in the system. In this sense, the system is a multifractal.Keywords: Analysis, Stationary Scientometric Distributions, System, Temporal, Ultrametric SpacesCortés, J. and Valencia, E. (1994), Phenomenological equations for adsorption kinetics. Physical Review Series B, 49, 16793-16794.Full Text: 1994\Phy Rev B49, 16793.pdfAbstract: A semiempirical phenomenological equation is proposed to interpret the Monte Carlo simulation experiments of the kinetics of physisorption and chemisorption with attractive and repulsive lateral interaction on a homogeneous solid.Keywords: Simulation? Wu, C.J. and Klepeis, J.E. (1997), Halogen adsorption on transition metalsurfaces: A case study of Cl on Ta (110). Physical Review B, 55 (16), 10848-10853.Full Text: 1997\Phy Rev B55, 10848.pdfAbstract: Through a series of ab initio calculations, we not only predictthe atomic and electronic structure of CI on Ta (110), but also provide a quantitative basis for understanding a number of controversial questions regarding halogen adsorption on transition-metalsurfaces. We demonstrate that a simple dipole layer model accurately describes the unexpected decrease in the work function upon halogen absorption, and that our proposed overlayer structure explains the one-dimensional streaking in the low-energy electron-diffraction pattern of the adsorbate-covered surface. An analysis of the electronic structure suggests that transition metals such as Ta look like simple metals from the point of view of highly electronegative adsorbates such as Cl.? Ishida, H. and Liebsch, A. (1998), Electronic excitations in alkali-metal overlayers. II. Effects of substitutional adsorption of Na/Al (001), Physical Review B, 57 (19), 12558-12563.Full Text: 1998\Phy Rev B57, 12558.pdfAbstract: The collective excitations in the c (2x2) Na overlayers on Al (001) are investigated by a dynamical linear-response calculation within the time-dependent local-density approximation. The Na adlayer and a few outermost Al layers are described fully three dimensionally using norm-conserving pseudopotentials while the interior of the metal is treated as semi-infinite jellium with an electron density of Al. The excitation spectrum in the low-temperature phase (hollow-site adsorption) exhibits a single broad plasmon peak, which is a mixture of the Na multipole surface plasmon and the bulklike Na overlayer plasmon. In striking contrast, the Na plasmon peak disappears completely from the spectrum in the room-temperature phase (substitutional adsorption). These observations are in good agreement with recent experiments. It is predicted that the Al vacancies in the room-temperature phase induce a large change in the excitation spectrum of the Al substrate.? Goniakowski, J. (1998), Adsorption of palladium on the MgO (100) surface: Dependence on the metal coverage. Physical Review B, 58 (3), 1189-1192.Full Text: 1998\Phy Rev B58, 1189.pdfAbstract: We present an ab initio full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital study of the electronic structure of a palladium deposit on the MgO (100) surface. By considering three model epitaxial deposits-a bilayer, a monolayer, and one-fourth of a monolayer-we have accessed the characteristics of the evolution of the interfacial bonding as a function of the amount of the deposited metal. We find that the adsorption is the strongest for isolated palladium atoms, and that its strength decreases with growing metal coverage. We relate this calculated tendency to changes of the chemical bonding between the deposited palladium and the surface anions.Notes: highly cited (> 1000)? Hammer, B., Hansen, L.B. and N?rskov, J.K. (1999), Improved adsorption energetics within density-functional theory using revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functionals. Physical Review B, 59 (11), 7413-7421.Full Text: 1999\Phy Rev B59, 7413.pdfAbstract: A simple formulation of a generalized gradient approximation for the exchange and correlation energy of electrons has been proposed by Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)]. Subsequently Zhang and Yang [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 890 (1998)] have shown that a slight revision of the PBE functional systematically improves the atomization energies for a large database of small molecules. In the present work, we show that the Zhang and Yang functional (revPBE) also improves the chemisorption energetics of atoms and molecules on transition-metal surfaces. Our test systems comprise atomic and molecular adsorption of oxygen, CO, and NO on Ni(100), Ni(111), Rh(100), Pd(100), and Pd(111) surfaces. As the revPBE functional may locally violate the Lieb-Oxford criterion, we further develop an alternative revision of the PBE functional, RPBE, which gives the same improvement of the chemisorption energies as the revPBE functional at the same time as it fulfills the Lieb-Oxford criterion locally. [S0163-1829(99)02711-3].Keywords: Adsorption, Chemisorption, CO, Correlation, Criterion, Database, Denmark, Dissociative Adsorption, Electron-Gas, Energy, Exchange-Correlation, Generalized Gradient Approximation, Gradient, H2 Dissociation, Metal-Surfaces, NO, Single-Crystal Surfaces, Solids, Theory, Total-Energy CalculationsTitle: Physical Review C-Nuclear PhysicsFull Journal Title: Physical Review C-Nuclear PhysicsISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Rev. C-Nucl. Phys.JCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Rev CISSN: 0556-2813Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: American Physical SocPublisher Address: One Physics Ellipse, College Pk, MD 20740-3844Subject Categories: Physics, Nuclear: Impact FactorTitle: Physical Review DFull Journal Title: Physical Review DISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Rev. D JCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Rev DISSN: 0556-2821Issues/Year: 24Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: American Physical SocPublisher Address: One Physics Ellipse, College PK, MD 20740-3844Subject Categories: Astronomy & Astrophysics: Impact Factor4.896, 8/45 (2006)Physics, Particles & Fields: Impact Factor4.896, 5/21 (2006)Title: Physical Review EFull Journal Title: Physical Review EISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Rev. EJCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Rev EISSN: 1063-651XIssues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: American Physical SocPublisher Address: One Physics Ellipse, College Pk, MD 20740-3844Subject Categories: Physics, Fluids & Plasmas: Impact Factor 2.438, 5/24 (2006)Mathematical Physics: Impact Factor 2.438, 2/41 (2006)? Talbot, J., Tarjus, G. and Viot, P. (2007), Exactly solvable model of reversible adsorption on a disordered substrate. Physical Review E, 76 (5), Art. No. 051106 Part 1.Full Text: 2007\Phy Rev E76, 051106.pdfAbstract: We consider the reversible adsorption of particles (monomers with exclusion nearest-neighbor sites) on a one-dimensional lattice, where adsorption occurs on a finite fraction of sites selected randomly. By comparing this one-dimensional system to the pure system where all sites are available for adsorption, we show that when the activity goes to infinity, there exists a mapping between this model and the pure system at the same density. By examining the susceptibilities, we demonstrate that there is no mapping at finite activity. However, when the site density is small or moderate, the mapping exists up to second order in site density. We also propose and evaluate approximate approaches that may be applied to systems where no analytic result is known.Keywords: Adsorption, Fluids, Heterogeneous Surfaces, Irreversible Adsorption, Random Catalytic Chain, Spheres? Radicchi, F. and Castellano, C. (2011), Rescaling citations of publications in physics. Physical Review E, 83 (4), Article Number: 046116.Full Text: 2011\Phy Rev E83, 046116.pdfAbstract: We analyze the citation distributions of all papers published in Physical Review journals between 1985 and 2009. The average number of citations received by papers published in a given year and in a given field is computed. Large variations are found, showing that it is not fair to compare citation numbers across fields and years. However, when a rescaling procedure by the average is used, it is possible to compare impartially articles across years and fields. We make the rescaling factors available for use by the readers. We also show that rescaling citation numbers by the number of publication authors has strong effects and should therefore be taken into account when assessing the bibliometric performance of researchers.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Citation, Citations, Impact, Journals, Output, Papers, Publication, Publications, Relative Indicators, Review, Science, StatisticsTitle: Physical Review LettersFull Journal Title: Physical Review Letters; Physical Review LettersISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Rev. Lett.JCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Rev LettISSN: 0031-9007 Issues/Year: 52Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: American Physical SocPublisher Address: One Physics Ellipse, College PK, MD 20740-3844Subject Categories: Physics: Impact FactorSchaaf, P. and Talbot, J. (1989), Kinetics of random sequential adsorption. Physical Review Letters, 62 (2), 175-178.Full Text: 1989\Phy Rev Let62, 175.pdfAbstract: We present the first kinetic analysis specifically applicable to the random sequential adsorption (RSA) process in the intermediate coverage range. Our method is applied to hard disks adsorbing on a flat, uniform surface. Exact analytic expressions are derived for the first three coefficients of a power series for the rate of adsorption as a function of the coverage ?. Comparison with computer simulations shows that the third-order expansion describes the RSA process to an accuracy of better than 1% up to a coverage of 30%, i.e., up to 55% of the known jamming limit.? Kuipers, E.W., Vardi, A., Danon, A. and Amirav, A. (1991), Surface-molecule proton-transfer: A demonstration of the eley-rideal mechanism. Physical Review Letters, 66 (1), 116-119.Full Text: 1991\Phy Rev Let66, 116.pdfAbstract: Hyperthermal molecular DABCO [N(C2H4)3N] is scattered from hydrogen-covered Pt(111). Some of the scattered molecules are protonated at the surface and leave with a kinetic energy which is strongly dependent in the incident energy. This means that proton abstraction is occurring immediately on collision and it serves as a clear demonstration of an Eley-Rideal mechanism. No isotope effect was observed, excluding a tunneling mechanism. The proton transfer shows a threshold energy equal to the difference between the surface work function and the molecular ionization potential. The reaction therefore proceeds via a molecule-surface electron transfer and a subsequent H-atom abstraction.Keywords: Ionization Mass-Spectrometry, Dissociative Chemisorption, Organic-Compounds, Energy-Transfer, Scattering, Hydrogen, Adsorption, Pt(111), Beam, Fragmentation? Rettner, C.T. (1992), Dynamics of the direct reaction of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on Cu(111) with hydrogen atoms incident from the gas phase. Physical Review Letters, 69 (2), 383-386.Full Text: 1992\Phy Rev Let69, 383.pdfAbstract: Fast HD molecules are observed in the reaction of a beam of H(D) atoms with D(H) atoms chemisorbed on a Cu(111) surface at 100 K. The mean kinetic energy of these molecules is close to 1 eV, or about half of that available. Angular distributions of the nascent HD product are relatively sharp, are displaced slightly away from the surface normal in the specular direction, and display a small sensitivity to the incidence energy. Both the energy and angular distributions are different for D on H and H on D. Results are discussed in terms of a direct Eley-Rideal mechanism.Keywords: Vibrational-Excitation, Surface? Allain, C., Cloitre, M. and Wafra, M. (1995), Aggregation and sedimentation in colloidal suspensions. Physical Review Letters, 74 (8), 1478-1481.Full Text: 1995\Phy Rev Let74, 1478.pdfKeywords: CalciteNotes: highly cited? Rosenblum, M.G., Pikovsky, A.S. and Kurths, J. (1996), Phase synchronization of chaotic oscillators. Physical Review Letters, 76 (11), 1804-1807.Full Text: 1996\Phy Rev Let76, 1804.pdfAbstract: We present the new effect of phase synchronization of weakly coupled self-sustained chaotic oscillators. To characterize this phenomenon, we use the analytic signal approach based on the Hilbert transform and partial Poincare maps. For coupled Rossler attractors, in the synchronous regime the phases are locked, while the amplitudes vary chaotically and are practically uncorrelated. Coupling a chaotic oscillator with a hyperchaotic one, we observe another new type of synchronization, where the frequencies are entrained, while the phase difference is unbounded. A relation between the phase synchronization and the properties of the Lyapunov spectrum is studied.Keywords: Arrays, Attractor, College, Entrainment, Equation, Frequency, Multidisciplinary, Physics, Systems? Stampfl, C. and Scheffler, M. (1997), Anomalous behavior of Ru for catalytic oxidation: A theoretical study of the catalytic reaction CO + 1/2O2 --> CO2. Physical Review Letters, 78 (8), 1500-1503.Full Text: 1997\Phy Rev Let78, 1500.pdfAbstract: Recent experiments revealed an anomalous dependence of carbon monoxide oxidation at Ru(0001) on oxygen pressure and a particularly high reaction rate. Below we report density functional theory calculations of the energetics and reaction pathways of the speculated mechanism. We will show that the exceptionally high rate is actuated by a weakly but nevertheless well bound (1 x 1)-oxygen adsorbate layer. Furthermore, it is found that reactions via scattering of gas-phase CO at the oxygen covered surface may play an important role. Our analysis reveals, however, that reactions via adsorbed CO molecules (the so-called Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism) dominate.Keywords: Eley-Rideal Mechanism, CO Oxidation, Dynamics, Atoms, Surface, Cu(111)? Hofmann, S., Csányi, G., Ferrari, A.C., Payne, M.C. and Robertson, J. (1997), Surface diffusion: The low activation energy path for nanotube growth. Physical Review Letters, 95 (3), Article Number: 036101.Full Text: 1997\Phy Rev Let95, 036101.pdfAbstract: We present the temperature dependence of the growth rate of carbon nanofibers by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with Ni, Co, and Fe catalysts. We extrapolate a common low activation energy of 0.23-0.4 eV, much lower than for thermal deposition. The carbon diffusion on the catalyst surface and the stability of the precursor molecules, C2H2 or CH4, are investigated by ab initio plane wave density functional calculations. We find a low activation energy of 0.4 eV for carbon surface diffusion on Ni and Co (111) planes, much lower than for bulk diffusion. The energy barrier for C2H2 and CH4 dissociation is at least 1.3 eV and 0.9 eV, respectively, on Ni(111) planes or step edges. Hence, the rate-limiting step for plasma-enhanced growth is carbon diffusion on the catalyst surface, while an extra barrier is present for thermal growth due to gas decomposition.Keywords: Chemical-Vapor-Deposition, Aligned Carbon Nanotubes, Temperature, Plasma, Nickel, Adsorption, Mechanism, Ni, 1st-Principles, ChemisorptionTitle: Physical TherapyFull Journal Title: Physical TherapyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Costa, L.O.P., Maher, C.G., Latimer, J. and Smeets, R.J.E.M. (2009), Reproducibility of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging for the measurement of abdominal muscle activity: A systematic review. Physical Therapy, 89 (8), 756-769.Full Text: 2009\Phy The89, 756.pdfAbstract: Background. Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) measures of abdominal wall muscles are used to indirectly measure muscle activity. These measures are used to identify suitable patients and to monitor progress of motor control exercise treatment of people with low back pain. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to systematically review reproducibility Studies of RUSI for measuring thickness of abdominal wall muscles. Data Sources. Eligible studies were identified via searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The authors also searched personal files and tracked references of the retrieved studies via the Web of Science Index. Study Selection. Studies involving any type of reliability and or agreement of any type of ultrasound measurements (B or M mode) for any of the abdominal wall muscles were selected. Data Extraction. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Data Synthesis. Due to heterogeneity of the studies’ designs, pooling the data for a meta-analysis was not possible. Twenty-one studies were included, and these studies were typically of low quality and studied subjects who were healthy rather than people seeking care for low back pain. The studies reported good to excellent reliability for single measures of thickness and poor to good reliability for measures of thickness change (reflecting the muscle activity). Interestingly, no studies checked reliability of measures of the difference in thickness changes over time (representing improvement or deterioration in muscle activity). Conclusions. The current evidence of the reproducibility of RUSI for measuring abdominal muscle activity is based mainly on studies with suboptimal designs and the study of people who were healthy. The critical question of whether RUSI provides reliable measures of improvement in abdominal muscle activity remains to be evaluated.Keywords: Authors, Classification, Contraction, Control, Drawing-In, Embase, Exercise, Extraction, Imaging, Low-Back-Pain, Measurement, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Movement, Pain, People, Reliability, Review, Science, Sources, Stiffness, Systematic, Systematic Review, Thickness, Transversus Abdominis, Treatment, Ultrasound, Web of Science? Huang, H.H., Fetters, L., Hale, J. and McBride, A. (2009), Bound for success: A systematic review of constraint-induced movement therapy in children with cerebral palsy supports improved arm and hand use. Physical Therapy, 89 (11), 1126-1141.Full Text: 2009\Phy The89, 1126.pdfAbstract: Background. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a potentially effective intervention for children with hemiplegic cerebral pals), (CP). Purpose. The objectives of this systematic review are: (1) to investigate whether CIMT is supported with valid research of its effectiveness and (2) to identify key characteristics of the child and intervention protocol associated with the effects of CIMT. Data Sources and Study Selection. A search of MEDLINE (1966 through March 2009), Entrez PUBMED (1966 through March 2009), EMBASE (1980 through CINAHL (1982 through March 2009), PsychINFO (1887 through March March 2009), 2009), and Web of Science (1900 through March 2009) produced 23 relevant studies. Data Extraction and Synthesis. The 2 objectives of the review were addressed by: (1) scoring the validity and level of evidence for each study and calculating evidence-based statistics, if possible, and (2) recording and summarizing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, type and duration of constraint, intervention and study durations, and Outcomes based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Limitations. Only studies published in journals and in English were included in the systematic review. Conclusions. Studies varied widely in type and rigor of design; subject, constraint, and intervention characteristics; and ICF level for outcome measures. One outcome measure at the body functions and structure level and 4 outcome measures at the activity level had large and significant treatment effects (d >=.80), and these findings were from the most rigorous studies. Evidence from more-rigorous studies demonstrated an increased frequency of use of the upper extremity following CIMT for children with hemiplegic CP. The critical threshold for intensity that constitutes an adequate dose cannot be determined from the available research. Further research should include a priori power calculations, more-rigorous designs and comparisons of different components of CIMT in relation to specific children, and measures of potential impacts on the developing brain.Keywords: Brain, Child, Children, Chronic Stroke, Classification, Congenital Hemiparesis, Corticospinal Projections, Effectiveness, Embase, Extraction, Forced-Use, Frequency, Health, Intervention, Journals, Medline, Movement, Outcome, Outcomes, Physical Rehabilitation, Protocol, Pubmed, Research, Review, Science, Single-Case Design, Sources, Statistics, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment, Trial, Upper-Extremity Function, Upper-Limb, Validity, Web of Science, Young-Children? Fuentes, J.P., Olivo, S.A., Magee, D.J. and Gross, D.P. (2010), Effectiveness of interferential current therapy in the management of musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Therapy, 90 (9), 1219-1238.Full Text: 2010\Phy The90, 1219.pdfAbstract: Background. Interferential current (IFC) is a common electrotherapeutic modality used to treat pain. Although IFC is widely used, the available information regarding its clinical efficacy is debatable. Purpose. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the available information regarding the efficacy of IFC in the management of musculoskeletal pain. Data Sources. Randomized controlled trials were obtained through a computerized search of bibliographic databases (ie, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus, and Web of Science) from 1950 to February 8, 2010. Data Extraction. Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts found in the databases. Methodological quality was assessed using a compilation of items included in different scales related to rehabilitation research. The mean difference, with 95% confidence interval, was used to quantify the pooled effect. A chi-square test for heterogeneity was performed. Data Synthesis. A total of 2,235 articles were found. Twenty studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seven articles assessed the use of IFC on joint pain; 9 articles evaluated the use of IFC on muscle pain; 3 articles evaluated its use on soft tissue shoulder pain; and 1 article examined its use on postoperative pain. Three of the 20 studies were considered to be of high methodological quality, 14 studies were considered to be of moderate methodological quality, and 3 studies were considered to be of poor methodological quality. Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Conclusion. Interferential current as a supplement to another intervention seems to be more effective for reducing pain than a control treatment at discharge and more effective than a placebo treatment at the 3-month follow-up. However, it is unknown whether the analgesic effect of IFC is superior to that of the concomitant interventions. Interferential current alone was not significantly better than placebo or other therapy at discharge or follow-up. Results must be considered with caution due to the low number of studies that used IFC alone. In addition, the heterogeneity across studies and methodological limitations prevent conclusive statements regarding analgesic efficacy.Keywords: Bibliographic, Bibliographic Databases, Cochrane, Cold-Induced Pain, Control, Databases, Effectiveness, Efficacy, Electrical Nerve-Stimulation, Embase, Extraction, Follow-Up, Healthy-Subjects, Horizontal Therapies, Induced Ischemic Pain, Information, Intervention, Interventions, Joint, Low-Back-Pain, Management, Manipulative Therapy, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Motorized Lumbar Traction, Onset Muscle Soreness, Pain, Randomized Clinical-Trial, Randomized Controlled Trials, Rehabilitation, Research, Review, Science, Scopus, Soft Tissue, Sources, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment, Web of Science? Coronado, R.A., Riddle, D.L., Wurtzel, W.A. and George, S.Z. (2011), Bibliometric analysis of articles published from 1980 to 2009 in Physical Therapy, Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association. Physical Therapy, 91 (5), 642-655.Full Text: 2011\Phy The91, 642.pdfAbstract: Background. Recent evidence demonstrates growth in both the quality and quantity of evidence in physical therapy. Much of this work has focused on randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Objective. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric assessment of Physical Therapy (PTJ) over the past 30 years to examine trends for all types of studies. Design. This was a bibliometric analysis. Methods. All manuscripts published in PTJ from 1980 to 2009 were reviewed. Research reports, topical reviews (including perspectives and nonsystematic reviews), and case reports were included. Articles were coded based on type, participant characteristics, physical therapy focus, research design, purpose of article, clinical condition, and intervention. Coding was performed by 2 independent reviewers, and author, institution, and citation information was obtained using bibliometric software. Results. Of the 4,385 publications identified, 2,519 were included in this analysis. Of these, 67.1% were research reports, 23.0% were topical reviews, and 9.9% were case reports. Percentage increases over the past 30 years were observed for research reports, inclusion of “symptomatic” participants (defined as humans with a current symptomatic condition), systematic reviews, qualitative studies, prospective studies, and articles focused on prognosis, diagnosis, or metric topics. Percentage decreases were observed for topical reviews, inclusion of only “asymptomatic” participants (defined as humans without a current symptomatic condition), education articles, nonsystematic reviews, and articles focused on anatomy/physiology. Limitations. Quality assessment of articles was not performed. Conclusions. These trends provide an indirect indication of the evolution of the physical therapy profession through the publication record in PTJ. Collectively, the data indicated an increased emphasis on publishing articles consistent with evidence-based practice and clinically based research. Bibliometric analyses indicated the most frequent citations were metric studies and references in PTJ were from journals from a variety of disciplines.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Database, Pedro, Physiotherapy, Quantitative-Analysis, Rehabilitation, Reviews, Trials? Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Skjaerven, L.H., Catalan-Matamoros, D., Lundvik-Gyllensten, A., Gomez-Conesa, A., Ijntema, R. and De Hert, M. (2012), Systematic review of the benefits of physical therapy within a multidisciplinary care approach for people with schizophrenia. Physical Therapy, 92 (1), 11-23.Full Text: 2012\Phy The92, 11.pdfAbstract: Background. Although schizophrenia is the fifth leading cause of disability-adjusted life years worldwide in people aged 15 to 44 years, the clinical evidence of physical therapy as a complementary treatment remains largely unknown. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of physical therapy for people with schizophrenia. Data Sources. EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception until July 1, 2011, for relevant RCTs. In addition, manual search strategies were used. Study Selection. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility on the basis of inclusion criteria. Data Extraction. Reviewers rated study quality and extracted information about study methods, design, intervention, and results. Data Synthesis. Ten RCTs met all selection criteria; 6 of these studies addressed the use of aerobic and strength exercises. In 2 of these studies, yoga techniques also were investigated. Four studies addressed the use of progressive muscle relaxation. There is evidence that aerobic and strength exercises and yoga reduce psychiatric symptoms, state anxiety, and psychological distress and improve health-related quality of life, that aerobic exercise improves short-term memory, and that progressive muscle relaxation reduces state anxiety and psychological distress. Limitations. The heterogeneity of the interventions and the small sample sizes of the included studies limit overall conclusions and highlight the need for further research. Conclusions. Physical therapy offers added value in the multidisciplinary care of people with schizophrenia.Keywords: Aerobic, Aged, Anxiety, Approach, Care, Cochrane, Database, Design, Distress, Effectiveness, Embase, Exercise, Exercises, Extraction, Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, Individuals, Information, Intervention, Interventions, ISI, ISI Web of Science, Literature, Memory, Mortality, Multidisciplinary, Nursing, Physical Therapy, Physiotherapy, Progressive Muscle-Relaxation, Psychological, Pubmed, Quality, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Review, Schizophrenia, Science, Search Strategies, Selection, Sources, State Anxiety, Strength, Symptoms, Synthesis, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment, Web of Science, Web-of-Science, Yoga, Yoga TherapyTitle: Physical Therapy in SportFull Journal Title: Physical Therapy in SportISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Cochrane, D.J. (2004), Alternating hot and cold water immersion for athlete recovery: A review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 5 (1), 26-32.Abstract: Objectives. The aim of this review was to investigate whether alternating hot-cold water treatment is a legitimate training tool for enhancing athlete recovery. A number of mechanisms are discussed to justify its merits and future research directions are reported. Alternating hot-cold water treatment has been used in the clinical setting to assist in acute sporting injuries and rehabilitation purposes. However, there is overwhelming anecdotal evidence for it’s inclusion as a method for post exercise recovery. Many coaches, athletes and trainers are using alternating hot-cold water treatment as a means for post exercise recovery. Design. A literature search was performed using SportDiscus, MEDLINE and Web of Science using the key words recovery, muscle fatigue, cryotherapy, thermotherapy. hydrotherapy, contrast water immersion and training. Results. The physiologic effects of hot-cold water contrast baths for injury treatment have been well documented, but its physiological rationale for enhancing recovery is less known. Most experimental evidence suggests that hot-cold water immersion helps to reduce injury in the acute stages of injury, through vasodilation and vasoconstriction thereby stimulating blood flow thus reducing swelling. This shunting action of the blood caused by vasodilation and vasoconstriction may be one of the mechanisms to removing metabolites, repairing the exercised muscle and slowing the metabolic process down. Conclusion. To date there are very few studies that have focussed on the effectiveness of hot-cold water immersion for post exercise treatment. More research is needed before conclusions can be drawn on whether alternating hot-cold water immersion improves recuperation and influences the physiological changes that characterises post exercise recovery. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Blood, Blood Flow, Contrast Therapy, Effectiveness, Exercise, Fatigue, Hydrotherapy, Immersion, Induced Muscle Damage, Injuries, Injury, Intramuscular Temperature, Lactate Disappearance, Literature, Mechanisms, Metabolites, Post Exercise, Postexercise Oxygen-Consumption, Recovery, Regeneration, Rehabilitation, Research, Resynthesis, Review, Science, Soreness, Training, Treatment, Web of Science? Hudson, Z. (2010), Plagiarism: The plague of digital media? Physical Therapy in Sport, 11 (3), 73-74.Keywords: PlagiarismTitle: Physician and SportsmedicineFull Journal Title: Physician and SportsmedicineISO Abbreviated Title: Physician Sportsmed.JCR Abbreviated Title: Physician SportsmedISSN: 0091-3847Issues/Year: 13Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Mcgraw Hill Healthcare PublicationsPublisher Address: 4530 West 77th St, Minneapolis, MN 55435-5000Subject Categories: Sport Sciences: Impact Factor 0.399, / (2001)? (2003), Will SARS make a sports impact? Physician and Sportsmedicine, 31 (5), 16-??.Title: Physicochemical Problems of Mineral ProcessingFull Journal Title: Physicochemical Problems of Mineral ProcessingISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Depci, T., Kul, A.R., Onal, Y., Disli, E., Alkan, S. and Turkmenoglu, Z.F. (2012), Adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution on activated carbon derived from G?lba?i lignite. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 48 (1), 253-270.Full Text: 2012\Phy Pro Min Pro48, 253.pdfAbstract: Activated carbon (AC) was obtained from lignite of the local resource, Golbasi - Adiyaman (Turkey) by chemical activation. The G?lba?i lignite was chosen as the precursor for its availability and low cost. The BET surface area of the activated carbon was found 921 m2/g. The AC was used as an adsorbent for Crystal Violet (CV) in aqueous solution. The adsorption properties of CV onto the activated carbon are discussed in terms of the adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) and the kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion model). It was shown that the experimental results best fitted by the Langmuir model, and the second-order kinetic equation. The thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption process is endothermic. The experimental results point out that the obtained activated carbon is a viable candidate for sorbent removing CV from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous Solution, BET Surface Area, Carbon, Crystal Violet, Diffusion, Dye, Equilibrium, Fly-Ash, Freundlich, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lignite, Malachite Green, Mechanism, Pseudo Second Order, Removal, Sorbent, Sorption, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Turkey, Turkish Lignite, Waste-WaterTitle: Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control? Walter, J. and Weber, Jr. (1972), Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 199-210.Title: Physics and Chemistry of the EarthFull Journal Title: Physics and Chemistry of the EarthISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Mamba, B.B., Dlamini, N.P. and Mulaba-Bafubiandi, A.F. (2009), Biosorptive removal of copper and cobalt from aqueous solutions: Shewanella spp. put to the test. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 34 (13-16), 841-849.Full Text: 2009\Phy Che Ear34, 841.pdfAbstract: Biosorption of copper and cobalt by Shewanella spp. was investigated in this study. The biosorption capabilities of Shewanella spp. for copper and cobalt were monitored at different ion concentrations (0.002 M. 0.07 M and 0.2 M), biomass dosages (50, 100 and 150)×104 CFU/ml)) and pH (values 2-8) in batch mode. At optimum concentration (0.002 M/3.86 gl-1), biosorbent dosage (150×104 CFU/ml) and solution pH 6.5, Shewanella spp. recorded maximum copper and cobalt uptakes of 38% and 27%, respectively. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations suggested that the biosorption rate was fast and in most cases the biosorption took place within 8 h followed by a slow attainment of equilibrium and the Langmuir sorption model fitted the data well with very high correlation efficiencies (>0.95). The results obtained in this study suggest that biosorbents, with further research, can in future be viewed as suitable sorbents in the recovery of precious metals such as copper after being discharged as effluent or as a result of mineral processing. In managing water resources, it is important that metallic species such as copper and cobalt be removed from water or reduced to acceptable levels since these metal species may cause ill-health effects to humans and livestock if the required concentration levels are exceeded. The required levels should fall within with World Health Organization (WHO) water quality guidelines and the water quality standards for various purposes (e.g. agriculture, drinking, domestic, water-reuse) as prescribed by individual countries. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Agriculture, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Batch Mode, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Concentration, Copper, Correlation, Data, Equilibrium, Gold, Guidelines, Heavy-Metals, Humans, Ions, Kinetic, Langmuir, Livestock, Metal, Metals, Mode, Model, pH, Precious Metals, Quality, Recovery, Removal, Research, Rights, Sea, Shewanella spp., Solution, Solutions, Sorbents, Sorption, Species, Standards, Water, Water Quality, Water Quality Standards, Water Resources, Water Reuse, Water-Quality, World Health OrganizationTitle: Physics and Chemistry of MineralsFull Journal Title: Physics and Chemistry of MineralsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0342-1791Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor Mozgawa, W. and Bajda, T. (2005), Spectroscopic study of heavy metals sorption on clinoptilolite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 31 (10), 706-713.Full Text: P\Phy Che Min31, 706.pdfAbstract: Sorption of heavy metal cations (Pb(II), Cr(III), Cd(II), Ni(II)) from aqueous solutions on natural Na-clinoptilolite was studied using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and FT-IR spectroscopy. It was found that the sorption capacity of clinoptilolite decreases in the following order: Pb(II) (22,600 mg/kg), Cr(III) (21,200 mg/kg), Cd(II) (10,400 mg/kg) and Ni(II) (6,200 mg/kg). In the FT-IR spectra of the samples, in the region of pseudolattice vibrations (500-800 cm-1), systematic changes connected with the type of cation and its concentration in the initial solution were observed. The proportions of ion exchange and chemisorption in the whole process of sorption were also estimated. It was found that the amount of cations sorbed on clinoptilolite depended on the concentrations and pH of the solutions used as well as on the contact time of zeolite-solution system. After 120 min of the reaction, despite the metal type, 90-100% of the total amount of cations were immobilized.Keywords: Heavy Metal Sorption, Clinoptilolite, AAS, IR Spectra, Natural Clinoptilolite, Ion-Exchange, Zeolites, Spectra, Cu2+, Pb2+Title: Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsFull Journal Title: Physics of The Earth and Planetary InteriorsISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.JCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Earth Planet InISSN: 0031-9201Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Science BVPublisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Geochemistry & Geophysics: Impact Factor 1.715, 12/45 (2000)Husebye, E.S. and Dowla, F.U. (1999), Recent advances in earthquake monitoring and seismic network operations-IASPEI-S20-Seismological data and practice beyond year 2000: The 29th general assembly of IASPEI, Thessaloniki, Greece, 18-28 August 1997. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 113 (1-4 SISI), 1-3.Full Text: P\Phy Ear Pla Int113, 1.pdfTitle: Physics of FluidsFull Journal Title: Physics of FluidsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Knuth, E.L. (1959), Multicomponent diffusion and Fick law. Physics of Fluids, 2 (3), 339-340.Full Text: Phy Flu2, 339.pdfTitle: Physics Letters AFull Journal Title: Physics Letters AISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Lett. AJCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Lett AISSN: 0375-9601Issues/Year: 52Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Elsevier Science BVPublisher Address: Po Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Physics, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 1.483, / (2002)? Rudzinsk, W., Jaroniec, M. and Sokolows, S. (1974), New isotherm equation for multilayer adsorption on heteogeneous surfaces yielding Dubinin - Radushkevich isotherm in submonolayer region. Physics Letters A, 48 (3), 171-172.? Hsu, C.C., Rudzinski, W. and Wojciechowski, B.W. (1975), Adsorption energy-distribution associated with modified Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. Physics Letters A, 54 (5), 365-367.? Jaroniec, M. (1976), Study on possibility of determining adsorbent heterogeneity by using exponential adsorption-isotherm. Physics Letters A, 59 (4), 259-260.? Jaroniec, M. and Patrykiejew, A. (1978), Exponential adsorption-isotherm. Physics Letters A, 67 (4), 309-310.Title: Physics of FluidsFull Journal Title: Physics of FluidsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor Notes: highly cited? Fadin, V.S. and Lipatov, L.N. (1998), BFKL pomeron in the next-to-leading approximation. Physics Letters B, 429 (1-2), 127-134.Full Text: 1998\Phy Let B429, 127.pdfAbstract: We find one-loop correction to the integral kernel of the BFKL equation for the total cross section of the high energy scattering in QCD and calculate the next-to-leading contribution to anomalous dimensions of twist-2 operators near j = 1. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Gluon, Heavy Flavor Production, Multi-Regge Kinematics, Multidisciplinary, Perturbation-Theory, QCD, Scattering, ScienceTitle: Physics in Medicine and BiologyFull Journal Title: Physics in Medicine and BiologyISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. Med. Biol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Phys Med BiolISSN: 0031-9155Issues/Year: 24Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Iop Publishing LtdPublisher Address: Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS1 6BE, EnglandSubject Categories: Engineering, Biomedical: Impact Factor 2.342, / (2002)Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging: Impact Factor 2.342, / (2002)? Azzam, R.M.A., Rigby, P.G. and Krueger, J.A. (1977), Kinetics of protein adsorption and immunological reactions at a liquid-solid interface by ellipsometry. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 22 (3), 422-430.Title: Physics in PerspectiveFull Journal Title: Physics in PerspectiveISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Gingras, Y. (2010), The transformation of physics from 1900 to 1945. Physics in Perspective, 12 (3), 248-265.Full Text: 2010\Phy Per12, 248.pdfAbstract: Historians of science have analyzed in detail the conceptual transformations that gave physics its modern character in the first half of the twentieth century. Rarely provided in these narratives, however, is a feeling for the global scene of the physics community. How many publishing physicists were there around 1900? How many in 1925 or 1939? Did most physicists publish as single authors or in teams, and how did they compare with chemists or mathematicians in terms of scientific collaborations? What are the links between these disciplines? I propose to undertake such a global analysis of the trends that can be captured through a bibliometric analysis of hundreds of thousands of scientific papers and the more than one million references in them.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Co-Citation Networks, History of Physics 1900-1945? Patterson, M.S. and Harris, S. (2009), Are higher quality papers cited more often? Physics in Medicine and Biology, 54 (17), doi:10.1088/0031-9155/54/17/E01.Full Text: 2009\ Phy Med Bio54, E01.pdfKeywords: PapersTitle: Physics Reports-Review Section of Physics LettersFull Journal Title: Physics Reports-Review Section of Physics LettersISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor Notes: highly cited? Mukhanov, V.F., Feldman, H.A. and Brandenberger, R.H. (1992), Theory of cosmological perturbations. Physics Reports-Review Section of Physics Letters, 215 (5-6), 203-333.Full Text: 1992\Phy Rep-Rev Sec Phy Let215, 203.pdfAbstract: We present in a manifestly gauge-invariant form the theory of classical linear gravitational perturbations in part I, and a quantum theory of cosmological perturbations in part II. Part I includes applications to several important examples arising in cosmology: a universe dominated by hydrodynamical matter, a universe filled with scalar-field matter, and higher-derivative theories of gravity. The growth rates of perturbations are calculated analytically in most interesting cases. The analysis is applied to study the evolution of fluctuations in inflationary universe models. Part II includes a unified description of the quantum generation and evolution of inhomogeneities about a classical Friedmann background. The method is based on standard canonical quantization of the action for cosmological perturbations which has been reduced to an expression in terms of a single gauge-invariant variable. The spectrum of density perturbations originating in quantum fluctuations is calculated in universes with hydrodynamical matter, in inflationary universe models with scalar-field matter, and in higher-derivative theories of gravity.The gauge-invariant theory of classical and quantized cosmological perturbations developed in parts I and II is applied in part III to several interesting physical problems. It allows a simple derivation of the relation between temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation and the gauge-invariant potential for metric perturbations. The generation and evolution of gravitational wave is studied. As another example, a simple analysis of entropy perturbations and non-scale-invariant spectra in inflationary universe models is presented. The gauge-invariant theory of cosmological perturbations also allows a consistent and gauge-invariant definition of statistical fluctuations.Keywords: Inflationary-Universe Models, Large-Scale Anisotropy, De-Sitter Space, Gauge-Invariant Perturbations, Cosmic Background-Radiation, Cold Dark Matter, Classical Gravitational Perturbations, Isothermal Density Perturbations, Robertson-Walker Perturbations, Generalized Gravity TheoriesTitle: Physics WorldFull Journal Title: Physics WorldISO Abbreviated Title: Phys. WorldJCR Abbreviated Title: Phys WorldISSN: 0953-8585Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Iop Publishing LtdPublisher Address: Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS1 6BE, EnglandSubject Categories: Physics, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 1.149, / (2002)? Hicks, D. and Crouch, D. (1990), Can bibliometrics measure up. Physics World, 3 (9), 27-28.? Dume, B. (2005), How high is your h-index? Physics World, 18 (9), 7Keywords: h Index, h-IndexTitle: Physikalische Medizin Rehabilitationsmedizin KurortmedizinFull Journal Title: Physikalische Medizin Rehabilitationsmedizin KurortmedizinISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: IDS Number: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Bak, P., Bocker, B., Muller, W.D., Lohstrater, A. and Smolenski, U.C. (2004), Certification and accreditation systems as an instrument of quality management in the rehabilitation (Part 1) identification of most widely used systems. Physikalische Medizin Rehabilitationsmedizin Kurortmedizin, 14 (5), 243-248.Abstract: Purpose: In times of scarcity of resources due to demographic development and increasing demand on rehabilitation services quality assurance is gaining importance for allocation decisions. Since quality assurance became a legal obligation, health care facilities are widely using international certification and accreditation systems for proving quality of services delivered. Despite the importance of this problem, only poor evidence has been provided yet in terms of effectiveness of implementation of QM systems. The purpose of this study was to identify certification and accreditation systems most frequent cited in the literature. Methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken to identify relevant articles for this review using electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SERFILE, PUBMED, PEDro and Web of Science from 1980 to date. In addition, internet searching machines Google, Excite and Yahoo as well as not listed journals abstracts and proceedings were searched to approach further information. Identified cites were proved for relevance using standardised algorithm and assigned to medical specialities. Absolute amount of citations was used as criterion for five systems. Additionally most cited European system, a nation-wide one and the most frequently associated with rehabilitation were selected. Results: A total of 134 relevant publications were identified. Eight accreditation and certification systems were identified: DIN EN ISO, JCIA, JCAHO, EFQM, visitation models (visitatje, VIP, TOPAS), CARF, KTQ and DEGEMED. 228 citations could be assigned to the identified systems, 32 of them were relevant to rehabilitation. Conclusions: The application of certification and accreditation systems is rapidly gaining importance in rehabilitation and other health care sectors as a proof of the quality of services delivered. Further research is needed to improve evidence in terms of measurable benefit of accreditation and certification of health care providers for patients and other stakeholder. Especially experimental studies are needed to prove the positive influence of such systems and other sets of indicators on outcomes of rehabilitation.Keywords: Accreditation, Certification, Citations, Clinical Decision-Making, Databases, Development, Effectiveness, Embase, Health Care, Information, Journals, Literature, Management, Medical, Medline, Methods, Outcomes, Physical Medicine, Publications, Pubmed, Quality Assurance, Quality Management, Quality of Care, Rehabilitation, Research, Review, Science, Systematic, Web of Science? Bak, P., Bocker, B., Muller, W.D., Lohstrater, A. and Smolenski, U.C. (2004), Certification and accreditation systems as an instrument of quality management in the rehabilitation (Part 2) - Characteristics of most widely used systems. Physikalische Medizin Rehabilitationsmedizin Kurortmedizin, 14 (6), 283-290.Abstract: Purpose: Since quality assurance became a legal obligation, health care facilities are widely using international certification and accreditation systems for proving quality of services delivered. Despite the importance of this problem, only poor evidence of effectiveness of implementation of such QM systems in terms of functional health has been provided to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most widely used certification and accreditation systems in terms of their efficacy in improving the functional outcome of the rehabilitation from the patients perspective. Methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken to identify relevant articles for this review using electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, SERFILE, PUBMED, PEDro and Web of Science from 1980 to date. In addition, internet searching machines Google, Excite and Yahoo as well as not listed journals abstracts and proceedings were searched to approach further information. A standardised set of criteria was used to investigate if, and to what amount, the implementation of the identified QM-systems can influence patients functional health due to treatment in rehabilitation facilities. Results: Eight accreditation and certification systems identifiedas most frequently used (DIN EN ISO,JCIA, JCAHO, EFQM, visitation models (visitatje, VIP, TOPAS), CARF, KTQ and DEGEMED) were characterised in terms of their outcomes in rehabilitation according to the ICF. There is a poor evidence that the implementation of QM systems under investigation would have a positive influence on patients functional health or deliver an economic benefit. None of the identified systems seems to be especially appropriate for outcome-based optimising of rehabilitation process. Conclusions: The application of certification and accreditation systems is rapidly gaining importance in rehabilitation facilities as a proof of the quality of services delivered. Further research is needed to improve evidence in terms of measurable benefit of accreditation and certification of health care providers for patients and other stakeholder. Especially experimental studies are needed to prove the positive influence of such systems and other sets of indicators on functional and economic outcomes of rehabilitation.Keywords: Accreditation, Certification, Clinical Decision-Making, Databases, Effectiveness, Efficacy, Embase, Functional, Functional Health, Health Care, ICF, Information, Journals, Literature, Management, Medline, Methods, Outcome, Outcomes, Physical Medicine, Programs, Pubmed, Quality Assurance, Quality Management, Rehabilitation, Research, Review, Science, Systematic, Treatment, Web of ScienceTitle: Physikalische ZeitschriftFull Journal Title: Physikalische ZeitschriftISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: IDS Number: V15HVIssues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Dieterici, C. (1900), The calculation of isotherms. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 2, 472-475.Keywords: IsothermsNotes: highly cited? Einstein, A. (1909), On the current state of radiation problems. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 10, 185-193.Keywords: Radiation, State? Schottky, W. (1914), The effect of space charge on thermionic streams in the high vacuum. (On the homonymous essay by I. Langmuir.). Physikalische Zeitschrift, 15, 526-528.? Freundlich, H.M.F., Neumann, W. and Kaempfer, H. (1914), On the influencign of adsorption of uranium X-1 through the presence of different materials. (On the issue of ‘identical’ radioelements. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 15, 537-542.? Lilienfeld, J.E. (1914), An objection to the work: ‘Thermal ionic currents in high vacuums’ by Irving Langmuir. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 15, 744-746.Notes: highly cited? Einstein, A. (1917), Quantum theory of radiation. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 18, 121-128.Keywords: Radiation, Theory? Seeliger, R. (1929), Comments on the special Langmuir theory. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 30, 527-531.? Kar, K. and Ganguli, A. (1929), The statistic justification of Langmuir’s adsorption formula. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 30, 918-920.? Durau, F., Kraechter, H. and Koopmann, K. (1937), The ideal adsorption isotherm. Physikalische Zeitschrift, 38, 157-158.Title: Physiological and Biochemical ZoologyFull Journal Title: Physiological and Biochemical ZoologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? (2007), The eighty most cited articles in Physiological Zoology/Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 1927 to 2006. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 80 (1), 3-8.Full Text: 2007\Phy Bio Zoo80, 3.pdfTitle: Physiological Chemistry and PhysicsFull Journal Title: Physiological Chemistry and PhysicsISO Abbreviated Title: Physiol. Chem. Phys.JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Modak, S.G., Chaudhary, C.A., Kasturi, S.R., Phadke, R.S., Shah, S. and Ranade, S.S. (1982), Factors influencing the water proton relaxation in nuclear fractions from tissues of normal and tumor-bearing animals. Physiological Chemistry and Physics, 14 (1), 41-45.Abstract: Water proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) were measured in nuclear fractions from liver, kidney, and spleen tissues from normal and tumor-bearing animals (TBA) at two frequencies. At 9 MHz, the T1 values for TBA nuclear fractions are less than those for normal nuclear fractions, contrary to observations at the cellular level. Trace metal ion concentration and nucleic acid content estimated for these nuclear fractions suggest that the DNA-metal ion interaction might be responsible for the observed differences in the T1 of nuclear fractions at low frequencies.Title: Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMRFull Journal Title: Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMRISO Abbreviated Title: Physiol. Chem. Phys. Med. NMRJCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Kasturi, S.R. (1985), Physico-chemical aspects of cellular NMR water relaxation in normal and pathologic tissues. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR, 17 (4), 387-400.? Ling, G.N. (1989), Partial preservation of the ability of accumulating alkali-metal ions in 2 mm muscle cell segments with both ends open. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR, 21 (1), 13-14.? Ranade, S.S. (1990), Paramagnetic metal contents and water proton spin-lattice relaxation times in tissues. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR, 22 (1), 15-18.Title: Physiologia PlantarumFull Journal Title: Physiologia PlantarumISO Abbreviated Title: Physiol. Plant.JCR Abbreviated Title: Physiol PlantarumISSN: 0031-9317Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: DenmarkLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Munksgaard Int Publ LtdPublisher Address: 35 Norre Sogade, PO Box 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen, DenmarkSubject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.476, 31/137 (2000)? Reynolds, T.L. (1982), Effects of cyanide, salicylhydroxamic acid, and temperature on respiration and germination of spores of the fern Sphaeropteris-cooperi. Physiologia Plantarum, 54 (1), 52-57.Full Text: 1982\Phy Pla54, 52.pdfAbstract: During the first 96 h of culture, germinating spores of the fern Sphaeropteris cooperi (F. V. Muell.) Tryon showed a gradual rise in respiratory activity to a maximum of about 6.5 l O2 h-1 mg-1 dry wt. This was followed by a transitory decline in rate, concluded by a second respiratory rise preceding the emergence of the rhizoid after 192 h of culture. Oxygen uptake during the first 120 h of germination was insensitive to 1 mM potassium cyanide (KCN) but was inhibited by 1 mM salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM); however, beyond this time cyanide showed increasing inhibitory effectiveness whereas SHAM became less effective. Regardless of time of application, KCN had no effect on germination. Maximum inhibition of germination by SHAM was achieved if applied up to 120 h after culture initiation, after which spores became insensitive to SHAM. Heat treatment (50°C for 90 min) during the cyanide-resistant phase of respiration (0 h – 20 h) induced cyanide-sensitive respiration and completely inhibited spore germination. Elevated temperatures had little effect if applied during the cyanide-sensitive phase (beyond 120 h). Temperature inhibited spores regained their ability to germinate if maintained in culture until the cyanide-resistant pathway was restored and then subjected to a second photo inductive light treatment-These results suggest the presence and possible involvement of the cyanide-resistant, alternative respiratory pathway during germination of Sphaeropteris cooperi spores.Keywords: Fern Spore Germination, Alternative Respiration, Cyanidesensitive Respiration? Jentschke, G. and Goldbold, D.L. (2000), Metal toxicity and ectomycorrhizas. Physiologia Plantarum, 109 (2), 107-116.Full Text: 2000\Phy Pla109, 107.pdfAbstract: Metal toxicity (Al and heavy metals) is a major constraint affecting root growth in a number of natural or managed ecosystems. Fine roots of the majority of plant species are associated with mycorrhizal fungi, which may modify the sensitivity of roots to metal stress. In this review, we summarise the available evidence demonstrating beneficial effects of ectomycorrhizas in alleviation of metal toxicity in forest tree seedlings. We identify experimental shortcomings of past research (e,g, the use of shoot metal concentrations as a measure of metal uptake, use of microanalytical techniques biased by element redistribution) that may confound major conclusions drawn from these experiments, Although there is no doubt that in many cases ectomycorrhizal fungi indeed ameliorate metal stress in their host plants, the mechanism(s) involved remain(s) unclear. The role of metal sorption on fungal tissues thought to reduce metal exposure of the host plant is critically reviewed, As direct evidence (both under artificial and soil conditions) supporting a unique role of fungal immobilisation of metals is lacking so far, there is an urgent need to also test alternative tolerance mechanisms such as the release of metal chelating substances, or nutritional and hormonal effects mediated by mycorrhizal fungi.Keywords: Norway Spruce Seedlings, Pinus-Sylvestris Seedlings, Fungus Paxillus-Involutus, Abies L Karst, Picea-Abies, Scleroderma-Flavidum, Lactarius-Rufus, Nutrient-Uptake, Zinc Tolerance, Mycorrhizal ColonizationTitle: PhysiologistFull Journal Title: PhysiologistISO Abbreviated Title: PhysiologistJCR Abbreviated Title: PhysiologistISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Frank, M. (2002), Impact factors: Arbiter of excellence? Physiologist, 45 (4), 181-183.Title: PhysiologyFull Journal Title: PhysiologyISO Abbreviated Title: PhysiologyJCR Abbreviated Title: PhysiologyISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Pohl, U. (2008), How to measure science in physiology. Physiology, 23 (1), 2.Title: PhysiotherapyFull Journal Title: PhysiotherapyISO Abbreviated Title: PhysiotherapyJCR Abbreviated Title: PhysiotherapyISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Bohannon, R.W. and Andrews, A.W. (2011), Normal walking speed: A descriptive meta-analysis. Physiotherapy, 97 (3), 182-189.Full Text: 2011\Physiotherapy97, 182.pdfAbstract: Background Walking speed has implications for community functioning and is predictive of important outcomes. Determining whether an individual’s walking speed is limited requires normal values for comparison. Objectives To use meta-analysis to describe normal gait speed for healthy individuals within age and gender strata. Data sources PubMed, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Scopus, Science Citation Index and articles identified by hand searches. Study selection criteria Inclusion required that the gait speed of apparently healthy adults was documented as they walked at a normal pace over a course of 3 to 30 m. Summary data were excluded unless obtained from at least 10 participants within a gender and decade stratum. Study appraisal and synthesis methods The two authors independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Accuracy was confirmed by the other author. Data were grouped within gender and decade strata. A meta-analysis macro was used to consolidate data by strata and to determine homogeneity. Results Forty-one articles contributed data to the analysis. Combined, they provided data from 23 111 subjects. The gait speed was homogeneous within strata and ranged from a mean of 143.4 cm/second for men aged 40 to 49 years to a mean of 94.3 cm/second for women aged 80 to 99 years. Limitations The data presented herein may not be useful as a standard of normal if gait is measured over short distances from the command ‘go’ or if a turn is involved. Conclusions and implications The consolidation of data from multiple studies reported in this meta-analysis provides normative data that can serve as a standard against which individuals can be compared. Doing so will aid the interpretation of their performance. (C) 2011 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Age, Aged, Author, Authors, Balance, Basic Gait Parameters, Citation, Dwelling Older-Adults, Elderly People, Gait, Gender, Go Test, Healthy, Interpretation, Measurement, Meta-Analysis, Normal, Normative Values, Nursing, Outcomes, Physical Performance-Measures, Physiotherapy, Postmenopausal Women, Pubmed, Reference Values, Science, Science Citation Index, Scopus, WomenTitle: PhytochemistryFull Journal Title: PhytochemistryISO Abbreviated Title: PhytochemistryJCR Abbreviated Title: PhytochemistryISSN: 0031-9422Issues/Year: 24Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, EnglandSubject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.686, / (2002)? Trachtenberg, S. and Mayer, A.M. (1981), Composition and properties of Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage. Phytochemistry, 20 (12), 2665-2668.Full Text: 1981\Phytochemistry20, 2665.pdf? Tanaka, N., Wada, H., Dietz, V. and Wollenweber, E. (1992), Leaf surface terpenoids of the tree fern Lophosoria quadripinnata. Phytochemistry, 31 (1), 347-349.Full Text: 1992\Phytochemistry31, 347.pdfAbstract: Fronds of the fern Lophosoria quadripinnata exhibit a thin waxy coating on their lower surface. Five major components of this lipophilic material have been identified by spectroscopic methods as hopane type triterpenes, one of which is a novel natural product.Keywords: Lophosoria-Quadripinnata, Lophosoriaceae, Pteridophyta, Leaf Wax, Triterpenes, Lophosorol, Constituents? Zamir, L.O., Nedea, M.E., Zhou, Z.H., Caron, G., Sauriol, F. and Mamer, O. (1996), Isolation and semi-synthesis of a bioactive taxane from Taxus canadensis. Phytochemistry, 41 (3), 803-805.Full Text: 1996\Phytochemistry41, 803.pdfAbstract: A minor bioactive taxane, isolated from the needles of Taxus canadensis and semi-synthesized, was shown to be taxcultine.Keywords: Taxanes, Taxus Canadensis, Taxaceae, Taxcultine, Tubulin, Taxol, BrainTitle: PhytomedicineFull Journal Title: PhytomedicineISO Abbreviated Title: PhytomedicineJCR Abbreviated Title: PhytomedicineISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? García-García, P., López-Mu?oz, F., Rubio, G., Martín-Agueda, B. and Alamo, C. (2008), Phytotherapy and psychiatry: Bibliometric study of the scientific literature from the last 20 years. Phytomedicine, 15 (8), 566-576.Full Text: 2008\Phytomedicine15, 566.pdfAbstract: In diverse areas of therapy, including psychiatry, increasing interest in herbal medicine has been shown in recent years. Plants have a wide range of traditional uses, but only a few have been approved therapeutically. Moreover, to our knowledge, no bibliometric analyses on medicinal plants used in psychiatry have been carried out to date. We performed a bibliometric study on scientific publication related to phytotherapy in the psychiatry area during the period 1986-2006. Using the platform , including the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, we selected those documents including the descriptors plant*, herb*, phytotherapy*, phytomedicine*, pharmacognosy*, and psychiatry* (with all diagnostic criteria). The plants’ indications were selected according to the PDR for Herbal Medicines. As a bibliometric indicator of the production, Price’s Law was applied. Another indicator included was the national participation index (PI) for overall scientific production. A total of 21,409 original documents were obtained. Our data confirm a fulfilment of Price’s Law related to scientific production on medicinal plants in Psychiatry. This was observed after we made a linear fit (y = 135.08x-466.38; r = 0.92) and another fit to an exponential curve (y = 132.26e(0.1497x) ; r = 0.99). The plants most widely mentioned in the psychiatric literature were St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.; n = 937) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.; n = 694). The countries with the highest percentages of documents were the United States (29.44%), Germany (9.41%) and Japan (8.75%), and those with highest proportional PI were India (IPa = 0.935) and China (IPa = 0.721). Productivity on medicinal plants in the psychiatry area increased during the period 1986-2006. Nevertheless, documents about therapeutic herbs in this medical field are still relatively few in number. (c) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Keywords: Anxiety, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicator, Bibliometric Study, Bibliometry, Biomedicine, China, Clinical-Trials, Countries, Databases, Depression, Descriptors, Field, Germany, Knowledge, Literature, Medical, Medicine, Medicines, Medline, Metaanalysis, Phytotherapy, Productivity, Psychiatry, Publication, Science-Citation-Index, Scientific Literature, Scientific Production, St-Johns-Wort? Hung, S.K., Perry, R. and Ernst, E. (2011), The effectiveness and efficacy of Rhodiola rosea L.: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Phytomedicine, 18 (4), 235-244.Full Text: 2011\Phytomedicine18, 235.pdfAbstract: Objective: To critically assess the current evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for or against the effectiveness or efficacy of Rhodiola rosea. Data sources: Systematic literature searches were performed in six electronic databases: AMED (1985-July 2009), CINAHL (1982-July 2009), The Cochrane Library (search in July 2009), EMBASE (1974-July 2009), MEDLINE (1950-July 2009) and Web of Science (searched in July 2009). No language restrictions were imposed. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were searched, and experts and manufacturers were contacted for unpublished RCT. Review methods: RCTs testing the efficacy or effectiveness of mono-preparations of R. rosea as sole treatment administered orally against a control intervention in any human individual suffering from any condition or healthy human volunteers were included. Studies were selected, data extracted, and quality assessed by two independent reviewers. Results: Eleven RCTs met the inclusion criteria: All were placebo-controlled. Six trials investigated the effects of R. rosea on physical performance, four on mental performance, and two in patients diagnosed with mental health condition. The methodological quality of most trials was moderate or good. Only few mild adverse events were reported. Conclusion: R. rosea may have beneficial effects on physical performance, mental performance, and certain mental health conditions. There is, however, a lack of independent replications of the single different studies. Five of the 10 RCTs reached more than three points on the Jadad score (i.e., good quality). More research seems warranted. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Keywords: Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Control, Databases, Double-Blind, Effectiveness, Efficacy, Embase, Fatigue, Health Conditions, Human, Intervention, Jadad Score, Literature, Low-Dose Regimen, Medline, Mental Health, Performance, Physical And Mental Performance, Placebo, Points, Publication Bias, Randomized Clinical Trials, Research, Review, Rhodiola Rosea, Roots, Science, Standardized Extract SHR-5, Stress, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Web of ScienceTitle: Phytotherapy ResearchFull Journal Title: Phytotherapy ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Phytother. Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Phytother ResISSN: 0951-418XIssues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: John Wiley & Sons LtdPublisher Address: The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester PO19 8SQ, W Sussex, EnglandSubject Categories: Chemistry, Medicinal: Impact Factor 0.803 (2003)Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor 0.803 (2003)? Aydin, S., Ozturk, Y., Baser, K.H.C., Kirimer, N. and Kurtarozturk, N. (1992), Effects of Alcea-pallida L (a) and Tilia-argentea Desf ex DC infusions on swimming performance in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 6 (4), 219-220.Abstract: In Turkish folk medicine, Alcea pallida L. (A.) and Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC have been used for various purposes, such as expectorant, sedative, diuretic, diaphoretic, sedative activities etc. Since some of the folkloric uses may be related to anti-stress (adaptogenic) activity, the effects of fresh infusions of A. pallida and T. argentea on mouse swimming performance were investigated. On the basis of our findings, these two plants prolonged the swimming time, suggesting an antistress (adaptogenic) activity.Keywords: Alcea-Pallida L (A), Tilia-Argentea DEST EX DC, Antistress Activity, Swimming Test, MiceTitle: Pigment Cell ResearchFull Journal Title: Pigment Cell ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? (2000), Hall of fame - The top cited articles in Pigment Cell Research. Pigment Cell Research, 13 (1), 52-53.Full Text: 2000\Pig Cel Res13, 52.pdfTitle: Planning Practice and ResearchFull Journal Title: Planning Practice and ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? (1999), Planning literature information service. Planning Practice and Research, 14 (3), 385-392.? (2002), Planning literature information service. Planning Practice and Research, 17 (3), 355-362.Title: Plant Biotechnology JournalFull Journal Title: Plant Biotechnology JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor, ? Vain, P. (2007), Thirty years of plant transformation technology development. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5 (2), 221-229.Abstract: Technology development is seminal to many aspects of basic and applied plant transgenic science. Through the development and commercialization of genetically modified crops, the evolution of plant transgenic technologies is also relevant to society as a whole. In this study, literature statistics were used to uncover trends in the development of these technologies. Publication volume and impact (citation) over the past 30 years were analysed with respect to economic zones, countries, species and DNA delivery method. This revealed that, following a dramatic expansion in the 1980s, publications focusing on the development of transgenic technology have been slowing down worldwide since the early mid-1990s, except in a few leading Asian countries. The implications of these trends on the future of plant transgenic science as a whole are discussed.Keywords: Asian, Citation, Delivery, Delivery Method, Development, DNA, Economic, Evolution, Impact, Literature, Modified, Plant, Publications, Science, Society, Species, Statistics, Technologies, Technology, Transformation, Trends, VolumeTitle: Plant Protection ScienceFull Journal Title: Plant Protection ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor, Notes: JJournal? Stejskal, V. and Aulicky, R. (2003), Scientometrical analysis of the journal Plant Protection Science in 1950-2002. Plant Protection Science, 39 (3), 109-115.Abstract: We analysed scientific papers published in the “Plant Protection Science” (PPS), former “Ochrana Rostlin” which is the only international scientific journal covering the problematic of the plant protection in the Czech Republic (CZ). The aim of this study was to explore general trends in the plant protection research in CZ during the five past decades (i.e. 1950-2002). During the period studied, 1633 articles and 2425 authors appeared in PPS. The peak of the annual publishing quantity was in 1970s and 1980s. The number of papers per year declined in 1990s reflecting (i) a decrease of scientific institutes and restriction of agricultural research in the CZ in early 1990s, and (II) increasing demands on the quality of PPS in this period. The publication proportion of various disciplines in PPS were as follows: mycology (34.3%), entomology (20.9%), virology (20.9%), weed science (13.7%), bacteriology (4.9%), agroecology (3.2%), stored-product protection (1.7%), rodent control (0.2%), air-pollution derived injuries (0.1%). The relative contributions of the individual disciplines were fairly steady across the period studied except for the increased publishing share of the stored product protection. We found a decreasing trend in the publishing of pesticide papers, and an increasing trend to publish papers by more than one author. The global process of integration and internationalisation of applied sciences was reflected by PPS via (i) replacement of the national (OR) title with the English title (PPS) of the journal, (II) increasing number of foreign authors, and (iii) increasing proportion of scientific papers in English, reaching 100% in 1999. Most of the changes leading to internationalisation of the journal PPS were traceable after 1989s with the termination of a “cold war” in Europe.Keywords: Agricultural, Agroecology, Air Pollution, Analysis, Changes, Control, Czech Republic, Europe, General, Integration, International, Journal, Mycology, Papers, Pesticide, Plant, Plant Protection, Protection, Publication, Publishing, Quality, Quality of, Research, Science, Sciences, Trend, Trends, Virology, WeedTitle: Plant Cell ReportsFull Journal Title: Plant Cell ReportsISO Abbreviated Title: Plant Cell ReportsJCR Abbreviated Title: Plant Cell RepISSN: 0721-7714Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Springer-VerlagPublisher Address: 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010Subject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.340, / (2002)Kuehnle, A.R., Chen, F.C. and Sugii, N. (1992), Somatic Embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Anthurium andraeanum hybrids. Plant Cell Reports, 11 (9), 438-442.Abstract: A method for the production of somatic embryos and subsequent plant regeneration for Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex Andre (Monocotyledonae) hybrids is described. Whole leaf blade explants, derived from plantlets grown in vitro, formed translucent embryogenic calli at their basal ends within one month of culture in the dark. Secondary somatic embryos formed frequently and without an intervening callus on surfaces of primary embryos. Embryogenesis was induced with three genotypes using a modified half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 to 4.0 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and 0.33 to 1.0 mg l-1 kinetin. A combination of 2% sucrose with 1% glucose in the medium favored embryogenesis over 3% sucrose alone. Whole leaf blades on medium solidified with 0.18% Gelrite produced more somatic embryos than leaves on medium with 0.7% Bacto-agar. Within two to three months after culture initiation, embryos were transferred to modified MS medium containing 0.2 mg l-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2% sucrose and placed in the light for conversion into plantlets. Rooted plantlets were recovered and transferred into pots with tree fern fiber medium and grown in the greenhouse.Keywords: Induction, Ontogeny, EmbryosTitle: Plant DiseaseFull Journal Title: Plant DiseaseISO Abbreviated Title: Plant Dis.JCR Abbreviated Title: Plant DisISSN: 0191-2917Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Amer Phytopathological SocPublisher Address: 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St Paul, MN 55121Subject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.429, /? Norman, D.J., Yuen, J.M.F. and Hodge, N.C. (1997), New disease on ornamental asparagus caused by Xanthomonas campestris in Florida. Plant Disease, 81 (8), 847-850.Abstract: From dark, water-soaked lesions on stems of asparagus tree fern (Asparagus virgatus) in commercial nurseries in Florida, 33 xanthomonad strains were isolated. Strains formed large, round, butyrus, bright yellow colonies on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate medium, and were gram negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, motile, strictly aerobic, and did not hydrolyze starch. Strains were further characterized by carbon substrate utilization patterns (Biolog), and by fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analyses. The metabolic fingerprints of most strains were similar to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, and X. campestris pv, dieffenbachiae from Xanthosoma or Syngonium. Representative strains from A. virgatus were not pathogenic on Dieffenbachia. X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae strains that did not hydrolyze starch produced scattered lesions on A. virgatus stems. However, starch-hydrolyzing strains of X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae did not produce symptoms when inoculated onto A. virgatus. FAME analysis indicated the strains were X. campestris pv. vitians or X. campestris pv. translucens; however, low similarity indices ((x) over bar = 0.461), indicated that the asparagus strains were not represented in the MIDI library database. FAME analysis profiles were also compared to the University of Florida database, which contains 1, 048 X. campestris strains of which 200 are X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. Similarity indices were again low with 15 strains matched to X. campestris pv. secalis ((x) over bar = 0.412), 7 strains to X. fragariae ((x) over bar = 0.224), six strains to X. campestris pv. translucens ((x) over bar = 0.437), and five strains matched < 0.20 to other pathovars. Five representative strains were tested on six Asparagus species of cultivars: A. virgatus, A. setaceus, A. macowanii, A. densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’, A. densiflorus ‘Myers’, and A. officinalis. All five strains were pathogenic on A. virgatus but were less virulent on A. setaceus and A. densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’.Keywords: Fatty-Acid Analysis, DNA Hybridization, Monoclonal-Antibodies, Gel-Electrophoresis, PV Dieffenbachiae, Rapid Method, Strains, Differentiation, Pathovars, IdentificationTitle: Plant EcologyFull Journal Title: Plant EcologyISO Abbreviated Title: Plant Ecol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Plant EcolISSN: 1385-0237Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Kluwer Academic PublPublisher Address: Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311 GZ Dordrecht, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 0.991, / (2002)Ecology: Impact Factor 0.991, / (2002)Forestry: Impact Factor 0.991, / (2002)Sharpe, J.M. (1997), Leaf growth and demography of the rheophytic fern Thelypteris angustifolia (Willdenow) Proctor in a Puerto Rican rainforest. Plant Ecology, 130 (2), 203-212.Full Text: P\Pla Eco130, 203.pdfAbstract: Morphological and temporal aspects of the growth of leaves of Thelypteris angustifolia (Willdenow) Proctor are under study along a 400-m section of the Sonadora River at the El Verde Field Station in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico. Emergence, expansion and growth of leaves of 149 sporophytes have been observed approximately mid-month every January, May and September since September 1991. Results of the first four years of this long-term study of T. angustifolia are reported here. Although they are land plants, sporophytes of T. angustifolia are rheophytic, subject to intermittent flooding and submerged approximately 7% of the time. The pinnate leaves of T. augustifolia exhibit sterile-fertile leaf dimorphy. Only 7.6% of the leaves in the the sample were fertile. The petiole of a fertile leaf was 41% longer than that of a sterile leaf while leaf blades were the same length. Leaves expanded at a mean rate of 1.7 cm per day, maturing in 29.7 days. Mean leaf life span was 10.8 months with a maximum of 26 months. Sterile leaf longevity (11.0 months) was longer than that of the fertile leaf (9.6 months). Leaves were produced at a mean rate of 4.7 leaves per plant per year. Leaf damage occurred on 38% of the leaves observed. Net leaf counts for individual sporophytes ranged from one to eight with a mean of 3.0 leaves per plant. Fertile plants had higher mean leaf counts (4.1), than plants without fertile leaves (2.8). Leaf production, although possibly triggered by increasing daylength, also paralleled seasonal increases in rainfall during the wetter mid-May/September months. Increased leaf mortality occurred during the drier mid-January/May period.Keywords: Fern Sporophyte, Leaf Expansion, Leaf Longevity, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Phenology, Sterile-Fertile Leaf Dimorphy, Tropical Tree-Fern, Alsophila-Salvinii, Osmunda-Japonica, Hurricane Hugo, Phenology, Sporophytes, Sterile, Forest, Lancea, Rates? Lawes, M.J. and Clarke, P.J. (2011), Ecology of plant resprouting: Populations to community responses in fire-prone ecosystems. Plant Ecology, 212 (12), 1937-1943.Full Text: 2011\Pla Eco212, 1937.pdfAbstract: Resprouting has emerged as a key functional trait in plant ecology over the past decade with more than 400 papers published since 2000 (Web of Science). This special issue of Plant Ecology brings together a set of papers that advance our understanding of this functional trait, in the quest for developing a better conceptual framework for predicting community response to disturbance. This special issue highlights current research on all aspects of the effects of fire and other disturbances on plant resprouting behaviour and the importance of the persistence niche in structuring plant communities.Keywords: Allocation Trade-Offs, Australia, Basal Sprouting, Competitive Ability, Disturbance, Disturbances, Ecology, Epicormic Sprouting, Fire, Functional, Myrtaceae, Papers, Persistence, Persistence, Plant, Plant Functional Traits, Research, Reserves, Resource-Allocation, Resprouting, Science, Shrublands, Traits, Web of Science, Woody-PlantsTitle: Plant PhysiologyFull Journal Title: Plant PhysiologyISO Abbreviated Title: Plant Physiol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Plant PhysiolISSN: 0032-0889Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Amer Soc Plant BiologistsPublisher Address: 15501 Monona Drive, Rockville, MD 20855Subject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 5.800, / (2002)Notes: highly cited? Shimabuk, R.H. (1967), Atrazine metabolism and herbicidal selectivity, Cyathea-australis. Plant Physiology, 42 (9), 1269-1276.Full Text: 1960-80\Pla Phy42, 1269.pdfAbstract: Metabolism of the herbicide 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) was investigated in resistant corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum zlvlgare Pers.), intermediately susceptible pea (Pisuim sativum L.), and highly susceptible heat (Triticum vulgare Vill.) and soybean (Glycine max Merril.). This study revealed that 2 possible pathways for atrazine metabolism exist in higher plants. All species studied were able to metabolize atrazine initially by N-dealkylation of either of the 2 substituted alkylamine groups. Corn and wheat, which contain benzoxazinone, also metabolized atrazine initially by hydrolysis in the 2-position of the s-triazine ring to form hydroxyatrazine. Subsequent metabolism by both pathways resulted in th-e conversion of the parent atraztine to more polar conmpounds and eventually into methanol-insoluble plant residue. No evidence for s-triazine ring cleavage was obtained.Both pathways for atrazine metabolism appear to detoxify atrazine. The hydroxylation pathway results in a direct conversion of a highly phytotoxic compound to a completely non-phytotoxic derivative. The dealkylation pathway leads to detoxication through one or more partially detoxified, stable intermediates. Therefore, the rate and pathways of atrazine metabolism are important in determining the tolerance of plants to the herbicide. Both quantitative and qualitative dififerences in atrazine metabolism were detected between resistant, intermediately susceptible, and susceptible species. The ability of plants to metabolize atrazine by N-dealkylation andl the influence of thhis pathway in determining tolerance of plants to atrazine are discussed.? Yamane, H., Yamaguchi, I., Kobayashi, M., Takahashi, M., Sato, Y., Takahashi, N., Iwatsuki, K., Phinney, B.O., Spray, C.R., Gaskin, P. and Macmillan, J. (1985), Identification of 10 gibberellins from Sporophytes of the tree fern, Cyathea-australis. Plant Physiology, 78 (4), 899-903.Full Text: 1985\Pla Phy78, 899.pdfAbstract: Ten gibberellins (GAs) have been identified by Kovats retention indices and full mass spectra from GC-MS analysis of purified extracts of sporophytes of the tree-fern, Cyathea australis. These include the known GA1, GA4, GA9, GA15, GA24, GA35, and GA58 and three new GAs, 12-hydroxyGA (GA69), 12-hydroxyGA, (GA70) and 12-hydroxyGA4 (GA71). The structure of GA7, was established by the preparation and characterization of its methyl ester (as a metabolite of GA4 methyl ester in a culture of prothallia of Lygodium japonicum).? Cobbett, C.S. (2000), Phytochelatins and their roles in heavy metal detoxification. Plant Physiology, 123 (3), 825-832.Full Text: 2000\Pla Phy123, 825.pdfKeywords: Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase, Cadmium Tolerance, Binding Peptides, Schizosaccharomyces-Pombe, Arabidopsis-Thaliana, Higher-Plants, Oat Roots, In-Vitro, Glutathione, Transport Title: Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFull Journal Title: Plant Physiology and BiochemistryISO Abbreviated Title: Plant Physiol. Biochem.JCR Abbreviated Title: Plant Physiol BiochISSN: 0981-9428Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: FranceLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Editions Scientifiques Medicales ElsevierPublisher Address: 23 Rue Linois, 75724 Paris, FranceSubject Categories:Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.729 (2003)Pierleoni, R., Vallorani, L., Sacconi, C., Sisti, D., Giomaro, G. and Stocchi, V. (2001), Evaluation of the enzymes involved in primary nitrogen metabolism in Tilia platyphyllos-Tuber borchii ectomycorrhizae. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 39 (12), 1111-1114.Full Text: P\Plat Phy Bio39, 1111.pdfAbstract: No information is available about Tuber borchii Vittad. ammonium metabolism during its life cycle, which involves the succession of three distinct phases. In this direction, the levels of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.13-14) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.2-4) were evaluated in Tilia platyphyllos Scop.- Tuber borchii Vittad. ectomycorrhizae, free living mycelium and non-inoculated roots. In the plant roots, GS shows high specific activity and only NADH-GDH (EC 1.4.1.2) is detectable; on the other hand, in free living mycelium GS and NADPH-GDH (EC 1.4.1.4) can be detected. Ectomycorrhizal metabolism was found to be deeply influenced by the two symbiotic partners. In fact, GS and both forms of GDH are present and their specific activities are higher than those found in the plant root and in the mycelial cells. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.Keywords: Ammonium, Assimilation, Ectomycorrhizae, Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Glutamate Synthase, Glutamate-Dehydrogenase, Glutamine Synthetase, Growth, Plants, Primary Nitrogen Metabolism, Tilia Platyphyllos, Tuber BorchiiTitle: Plant ScienceFull Journal Title: Plant ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: Plant Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: Plant SciISSN: 0168-9452Issues/Year: 20Journal Country/Territory: IrelandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Sci Ireland LtdPublisher Address: Customer Relations Manager, Bay 15, Shannon Industrial Estate Co, Clare, IrelandSubject Categories: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology: Impact Factor 1.556, / (2002)Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.556, / (2002)Santa-María, G.E. and Cogliatti, D.H. (1998), The regulation of zinc uptake in wheat plants. Plant Science, 137 (1), 1-12.Full Text: P\Plant Science137, 1.pdfAbstract: The control of net zinc-uptake rate can be a critical factor for plant survival and growth in heavy metal polluted environments. Here we report the results of an study on the regulation of net Zn-uptake in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in solution culture at supra optimum levels of Zn supply. As external Zn-concentration was increased, net Zn-uptake rate increased. The higher the external Zn-concentration the: higher both Zn-influx and efflux, with Zn-efflux increasing more. However the relative increase in the outward flux of Zn was not enough to prevent the potential increase of Zn-concentration within plant tissues up to toxic levels. On the other hand, when the external Zn-concentration was changed to a higher or a lower level, the unidirectional Zn-influx changed almost instantaneously, while the net uptake rate of Zn changed slowly, towards the level exhibited by plants kept in the previous solution. These findings are consistent with the concept that regulation of Zn fluxes. at supra optimum levels of Zn supply, appear to be controlled primarily by Zn-efflux and not by short or long term regulation of Zn-influx. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Wheat (Triticum Aestivum l.), Heavy-Metal, Roots, Uptake, Zinc, Potassium Uptake, Metal Tolerance, Roots, Transporter, Mechanism, Absorption, Cadmium, Efflux, Growth, CopperTitle: Plant Soil and EnvironmentFull Journal Title: Plant Soil and EnvironmentISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1214-1178Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Hanzlík, P., Jehli?ka, J., Weishauptová, Z. and ?ebek, O. (2004), Adsorption of copper, cadmium and silver from aqueous solutions onto natural carbonaceous materials. Plant Soil and Environment, 50 (6), 257-264.Full Text: 2004\Pla Soi Env50, 257.pdfAbstract: Twelve carbonaceous materials were investigated for adsorption of Cd, Cu and Ag from water solutions. Before the adsorption experiments the chemical and structural characterization of all materials were made. The batch adsorption experiment was used. The kinetic of the adsorption process was very fast for the first five hours but very slow for approximately the next 65 hours. Nevertheless the maximum amount of metal removed was achieved during the first stage of about five hours. Biological materials (milled wood, bark, cork) exhibited a very low affinity for adsorption of metals. The best results were obtained for materials in an intermediate degree of carbonisation with a high content of oxygen rich functional groups. Although the highly carbonised materials exhibited low ability to adsorb copper or cadmium, their capacity to bind silver was very high.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Cadmium, Coal, Copper, Desorption, Equilibrium, Isotherm, Kinetics, Lignite, Metal-Cations, Peat, Peat, Removal, Silver, Sorption, WoodTitle: Plant and SoilFull Journal Title: Plant and Soil; Plant and Soil; Plant and SoilISO Abbreviated Title: Plant SoilJCR Abbreviated Title: Plant SoilISSN: 0032-079XIssues/Year: 20Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Kluwer Academic PublPublisher Address: Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Agriculture Plant Sciences: Impact FactorAgriculture, Soil Science: Impact Factor 1.218, 7/29 (2000)Amer, F., Bouldin, D.R., Black, C.A. and Duke, F.R. (1955), Characterixation of soil phosphours by anion exchange resin adsorption and P32-equilibration. Plant and Soil, 6 (4), 391-408.Full Text: -1959\Pla Soi6, 391.pdf? Singh, B.B. and Jones, J.P. (1977), Phosphorus sorption isotherm for evaluating phosphorus requirements of lettuce at 5 temperature regimes. Plant and Soil, 46 (1), 31-44.Full Text: 1960-80\Pla Soi46, 31.pdfAbstract: A study was conducted to determine the influence of temperature on solubility and subsequent availability of P to plants. Phosphorus sorption curves were used to fertilize the soil with six P rates corresponding to initial sorption equilibrium solution P levels in the range of 0.03 to 0.72 ppm. Yield response to P measured for temperatures was in controlled environment chambers. Growth temperatures ranged 12.7°C to 29.4°C. Sorption of added P and desorption of sorbed P increased with increase in temperature. Yields of lettuce increased with the increased sorption equilibrium solution P levels at all the temperatures. Initial sorption-equilibrium solution P levels necessary for 95% yield had to be increased from 0.20 to 0.64 ppm when temperature was lowered from 29.4°C to 12.7°C. Desorption-equilibrium solution P levels for 95% yield were nearly constant at all temperatures. The log of initial sorption equilibrium solution P as a function of temperature for 95% yield was linear between 17.2°C and 29.4°C. Comparison of the data for 95% yield in solution cultures showed that critical nutrient solution P levels were very close to the desorption equilibrium P levels for 95% yield of plants grown in soil at similar temperatures. Relative yields of lettuce and desorption equilibrium solution P levels showed the same trend to changes in temperature. The study suggests that the major role of temperature on P uptake between 17.2°C and 29.4°C is due to desorption of P from the soil. Physiological influences of temperature on plant growth and consequent P requirement play a minor role.? Salim, R. and Cooksey, B.G. (1980), Kinetics of the adsorption of lead on river-mud. Plant and Soil, 54 (3), 399-417.Full Text: 1960-80\Pla Soi54, 399.pdfAbstract: The effects of several factors on the rate and the capacity of lead adsorption by river-mud were studied. These factors included the concentration of mud, the concentration of lead, the organic matter content of mud, pH, time of adsorption, temperature and agitation. The reaction order of the adsorption process with respect to lead and the type of adsorption were determined. Also, indications of the rate-limiting step were discussed and an empirical equation describing the adsorption of lead on river-mud was developed.Keywords: Adsorption, Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), Kinetics, Lead, River-Mud? Grimme, H. (1982), K desorption in an external electric field as related to clay content. Plant and Soil, 64 (1), 49-54.Full Text: 1960-80\Pla Soi64, 49.pdfAbstract: The EUF method differs from other soil testing methods in that it not only yields extractable quantities of nutrients but also provides information on the rates with which these quantities are desorbed when an external force is applied. The K desorption can be described by a second-order rate equation. The constants in these equations (maximum desorbable quantity D; halftime t0.5) are characteristic for a given K-soil system. The K desorption rate depends on clay content and on the buffer power of a soil.Keywords: Buffer Power, Clay Content, K Desorption ? Dasilva, F.F., Wallach, R. and Chen, Y. (1993), Hydraulic-properties of sphagnum peat moss and tuff (SCORIA) and their potential effects on water availability. Plant and Soil, 154 (1), 119-126.Full Text: 1993\Pla Soi154, 119.pdfAbstract: The potential rate of water and nutrient supply to plant roots depends on the hydraulic properties of the container medium (growth medium, substrate), primarily on its unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, which is a measure of the medium’s resistance to water flow. Water availability to plants grown in containers is usually being evaluated using criteria based exclusively on water characteristic curves of the medium in which the plant is grown. This approach is challenged in the present paper. We hypothise that the coarse structure of peat moss as well as of other container media may result in a sharp decrease in hydraulic conductivity, as the water content of peat is reduced. Transient changes in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity may result in reduced water uptake by plant roots. The objectives of this research were to determine the hydraulic properties of sphagnum peat moss and to evaluate their potential effects on water availability. Tuff (granulated volcanic ash) and its mix with peat were also tested for comparison. Water characteristic curves (drying and wetting cycles) and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured. A predictive mathematical model was used to calculate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the media. Measured water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity data were used to estimate model parameters by a nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting technique. Model predictions of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were validated by direct measurements. Results showed that, sharp variations in hydraulic conductivity occur in a very narrow suction range (0-2.5 kPa). In this range a decrease of more than three orders of magnitude in the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was observed for peat. A similar trend was observed for the other media tested. This suggests that the approach that has been commonly used for determinations of water availability and for irrigation scheduling in container media may provide inaccurate predictions as to potential plant response.Keywords: Predictive Model, Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Characteristic Curve, Water Availability, 3 Container Media, Physical-Properties, GrowthGoldberg, S. (1997), Reactions of boron with soils. Plant and Soil, 193 (1-2), 35-48.Full Text: P\Pla Soi193, 35.pdfAbstract: Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants, but the range between deficient and toxic B concentration is smaller than for any other nutrient element. Plants respond directly to the activity of B in soil solution and only indirectly to B adsorbed on soil constituents. Soil factors affecting availability of B to plants are: pH, texture, moisture, temperature, organic matter and clay mineralogy. Boron adsorbing surfaces in soils are: aluminium and iron oxides, magnesium hydroxide, clay minerals, calcium carbonate, and organic matter. Boron adsorption reactions can be described empirically using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation, the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation, and the phenomenological Keren model. Chemical models such as the constant capacitance model, the triple layer model, and the Stern VSC-VSP model can describe B adsorption over changing conditions of solution pH and B concentration. Boron desorption reactions often exhibit hysteresis. The rate of B desorption can be described using the first order rate equation, the Elovich reaction rate equation, and the power function equation.Keywords: Oxide-Water Interface, Aqueous-Solution Interface, Composted Organic-Matter, Clay-Minerals, Adsorption Characteristics, Surface-Ionization, Ionic-Strength, Competitive Adsorption, Phosphate Adsorption, Langmuir Equation? Marschner, P., Jentschke, G. and Godbold, D.L. (1998), Cation exchange capacity and lead sorption in ectomycorrhizal fungi. Plant and Soil, 205 (1), 93-98.Full Text: 1998\Pla Soi205, 93.pdfAbstract: Two ectomycorrhizal fungi, Paxillus involutus 533 and Laccaria bicolor S238, differing greatly in their mycelial characteristics, were investigated with regard to their cation exchange capacity and Pb-binding capacity in vitro after growth with either NO3- or NH4+ as N source. The CECs of 800-1200 mu mol g-l dry weight for Paxillus involutus: 533 and 2000-3000 mu mol g-l dry weight for Laccaria bicolor S238, were high compared to plant roots. The fungal mycelium also had a high Pb sorption capacity. It was higher in Laccaria bicolor S238 than in Paxillus involutus 533 and higher after pregrowth in NO3- compared to NH4+. Both the higher CEC and the higher Pb sorption capacity of Laccaria bicolor S238 compared to Paxillus involutus 533 might have been the result of the hydrophilic nature of the of Laccaria bicolor S238 mycelium. It would have absorbed the solutions better than the hydrophobic mycelium of Paxillus involutus 533. X-ray microanalysis of the cell walls revealed that the Pb content of the cell walls was higher in Paxillus involutus 533 than in Laccaria bicolor S238. Nevertheless, electron dense deposits in the cell walls of Laccaria bicolor S238 contained large amounts of Pb, P and S. Thus, while Pb was evenly distributed in the cell walls of Paxillus involutus 533, Pb was accumulated in electron dense deposits in Laccaria bicolor S238. The results are discussed in view of their significance for the mycorrhizal symbiosis.Keywords: Cation Exchange Capacity, Ectomycorrhizal Fungi, Lead, Abies L Karst, Mycorrhizal, Seedlings, Accumulation, Behavior, Growth, Soils, Roots? Lu, X.N., Zhang, M.H. and Xu, J.M. (2002), Potassium release rates from ustisols and their application. Plant and Soil, 246 (1), 23-29.Full Text: 2002\Pla Soi246, 23.pdfAbstract: Second-order equations were used to characterize the potassium release rate for 20 low-hilly ustisols derived from Quaternary red clay in Zhejiang province, China. This was done under the condition of electric field strength of 44.4 and 88.8 V cm-1. The values of the initial K release rate (v(0)) ranged from 1.17 to 21.23 and from 1.93 to 61.58, with an average of 5.36 and 9.54 mg kg-1 min-1 under the electric field strength of 44.4 and 88.8 V cm-1, respectively. Six indices, including the relative grain yield, relative total dry matter yield and K uptake in NP treatments of 20 corn field experiments and available K, HNO3 soluble K and slowly available K of soils were used to assess the practical applicability of K release rates. The correlation analysis showed that v(0) was very significantly correlated (P = 0.01) with the above six indices, and their correlation coefficients were 0.6275**, 0.5645**, 0.6624**, 0.7277**, 0.7843** and 0.6299**, respectively, under the electric strength of 44.4 V cm-1. The v(0) was related to relative total dry matter yield (P = 0.05, r = 0.5445*) and very significantly correlated to the other five indices (relative grain yield, K uptake in NP treatment, available K, HNO3 soluble K and slowly available K), with the correlation coefficients of 0.6064**, 0.7216**, 0.7523**, 0.8202** and 0.6686**, respectively, under the electric strength of 88.8 V cm-1. From the results, we conclude that v(0) can be used to estimate the supplying power of soil K to annual crops such as corn, and to characterize soil K fertility.Keywords: Corn, K Release Rate, Kinetics, Soil K-Supplying Power, Nonexchangeable Potassium, Sodium Tetraphenylboron, Kinetics, Soils? Zhou, Q.X., Xu, J. and Cheng, Y. (2004), Inhibitory effects of reactive X-3B red dye (RRD) on iron uptake by three crops. Plant and Soil, 261 (1-2), 155-162.Full Text: 2004\Pla Soi261, 155.pdfAbstract: Previous field investigations and a pot-culture experiment treated with 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg kg(-1) of reactive X-3B red dye (RRD), combined with chemical and statistical analyses, indicated that the amount of iron accumulated in seeds of soybean ( Glycine max) and rice ( Oryza sativa) and edible parts of watermelon ( Citrullus Vulgaris Schrad) decreased with the increase in the amount of RRD added to various soils including burozem, aquorizem and krasnozem. There were significant negative relationships between the uptake of iron by the crops and the concentration of RRD added to the soils. Thus, chemical pollution of some organic dyes in agricultural soils may result in the deficiency of iron in crops. According to the extraction with 1.0 M NH4OAc solution and the determination of enzyme activity, the adverse effect inhibiting the uptake of iron in crops was chemical chelation and immobilization of iron with RRD. The activity of iron reductase was also greatly affected.Keywords: Environmental Effect, Iron Deficiency, Organic Dye Pollution, Reactive X-3B Red Dye, Soil-Crop System, Waste-Water, Decolorization, Degradation, Nutrition, PollutionTitle: Plant Systematics and EvolutionFull Journal Title: Plant Systematics and EvolutionISO Abbreviated Title: Plant Syst. Evol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Plant Syst EvolISSN: 0378-2697Issues/Year: 10Journal Country/Territory: AustriaLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Springer-Verlag WienPublisher Address: Sachsenplatz 4-6, Po Box 89, A-1201 Vienna, AustriaSubject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.114, / (2002)Evolutionary Biology: Impact Factor 1.114, / (2002)? Wolf, P.G., Sipes, S.D., White, M.R., Martines, M.L., Pryer, K.M., Smith, A.R. and Ueda, K. (1999), Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic fern families Hymenophyllopsidaceae and Lophosoriaceae: Evidence from rbcL nucleotide sequences. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 219 (3-4), 263-270.Abstract: Nucleotide sequences from rbcL were used to infer relationships of Lophosoriaceae and Hymenophyllopsidaceae. The phylogenetic positions of these two monotypic fern families have been debated, and neither group had been included in recent molecular systematic studies of ferns. Maximum parsimony analysis of our data supported a sister relationship between Lophosoria and Dicksonia, and also between Hymenophyllopsis and Cyathea. Thus, both newly-examined families appear to be part of a previously characterized and well-supported clade of tree ferns. The inferred relationships of Lophosoria are consistent with most (but not all) recent treatments. However, Hymenophyllopsis includes only small delicate plants superficially similar to filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae), very different from the large arborescent taxa. Nevertheless, some synapomorphic characteristics are shared with the tree fern clade. Further studies on gametophytes of Hymenophyllopsis are needed to test these hypotheses of relationship.Keywords: Hymenophyllopsis, Lophosoria, Molecular Systematics, Evolution, RBCL, Phylogeny, Chloroplast DNA, MorphologyTitle: PlantaFull Journal Title: PlantaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Amer Electroplaters Soc Inc, OrlandoPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Villena, J.F., Dominguez, E., Stewart, D. and Heredia, A. (1999), Characterization and biosynthesis of non-degradable polymers in plant cuticles. Planta, 208 (2), 181-187.Full Text: 1999\Planta208, 181.pdfAbstract: The structure and monomeric composition of the highly aliphatic and non-saponifiable fraction of cutans isolated from the leaf cuticles of Agave americana L. and Clivia miniata Reg. have been elucidated. Spectroscopic Fourier transform infrared and C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance, calorimetric and X-ray diffraction studies, together with biopolymer analysis after exhaustive ozonolysis, showed that the cutan fraction consists of an amorphous three-dimensional network linked by ether bonds containing double bonds and free carboxylic acid functions. Data obtained from fatty acid sorption indicated that the new biopolymer investigated here has a highly hydrophobic character constituting an additional barrier biopolymer in those cuticles where it is present. Labelled [C-14]linoleic acid was preferentially incorporated into the non-ester part of C. miniata leaf disks in comparison with the cutin fraction of the cuticular membrane. This indicates that the cis-pentadiene system of polyunsaturated fatty acids is involved in the formation of intramolecular linkages, mainly ether bonds, of the aliphatic biopolymer.Keywords: Agave, Aliphatic Biopolymer, Clivia, Cutan, Cuticle, Resistant Bio-Polymer, Organic-Compounds, PyrolysisTitle: Planta MedicaFull Journal Title: Planta MedicaISO Abbreviated Title: Planta Med.JCR Abbreviated Title: Planta MedISSN: 0032-0943Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KGPublisher Address: Rudigerstr 14, D-70469 Stuttgart, GermanySubject Categories: Plant Sciences: Impact Factor 1.879 (2003)Chemistry, Medicinal: Impact Factor 1.879 (2003)Pharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor 1.879 (2003)? Schmidgall, J., Schnetz, E. and Hensel, A. (2000), Evidence for bioadhesive effects of polysaccharides and polysaccharide-containing herbs in an ex vivo bioadhesion assay on buccal membranes. Planta Medica, 66 (1), 48-53.Abstract: Aqueous extracts of polysacchride-containing plants are widely used in therapy for irritated mucus membranes in the pharynx region. In order to prove the existence of mucilaginous effects of polysaccharide hydrocolloids on epithelia an ex vivo system based on porcine buccal membranes was established. The tissue culture was stable and there was no indication of cytolytic processes during the 5 hour incubation period. This was confirmed through histological studies and the respective LDH values as toxicity marker. The test system was shown to discriminate the adhesive effects of different raw polysaccharides, obtained from a variety of medicinal plants. While polysaccharides from Altheae officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Malva moschata, or Tilia cordata showed only moderate bioadhesion to epithelial tissue, strong adhesive processes were observed with polysaccharides from Fucus vesiculosus and Calendula officinalis. The adhesive effects were concentration-dependent. Histological studies of membranes, incubated with a fluorescence-labelled rhamnogalacturonan, indicated the presence of distinct polysaccharide layers on the apical membrane surface. With these results, adsorption effects of certain polysaccharides on mucus membranes were shown for the first time. Such effects suggest that this may account, at least in part, for the therapeutic effects of mucilage-containing plants in the treatment of irritated buccal membranes.Keywords: Asteraceae, Buccal Membranes, Calendula Officinalis, Epithelia, Fucus Vesiculosus, Monosaccharide, Mucilaginous Effects, Phaeophyceae, Polysaccharides, TherapyTitle: The PlantersFull Journal Title: The PlantersISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Amer Electroplaters Soc Inc, OrlandoPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Chan, K.W., Watson, I. and Lim, K.C. (1981), Use of oil palm waste material for increased production. The Planters, 57 (658), 14-36.Title: Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryFull Journal Title: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0032-1052Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Amer Electroplaters Soc Inc, OrlandoPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Vossen, M., Hage, J.J. and Karim, R.B. (2000), Formulation of trichloroacetic acid peeling solution: A bibliometric analysis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 105 (3), 1088-1094.Full Text: P\Pla Rec Sur105, 1088.pdfAbstract: Since the beginning of this century, trichloroacetic acid solutions of various concentrations have been used for chemical exfoliation. These solutions have been prepared by using four different formulas. To prepare a 50% solution, for instance, water may be added to 50 g of trichloroacetic acid crystals until 100 ml of solution is obtained (weight-to-volume solution). Alternatively, 50 g of water may be added to 50 g of trichloroacetic acid crystals (weight-to-weight solution), or 50 g of trichloroacetic acid crystals may be solved in 100 mi of water (weight-plus-volume solution). Finally, a saturated trichloroacetic acid solution (or ‘100% solution’) may be diluted by an equal volume of water (dilution). Depending on the method used, these so-called 50% solutions contain 40 to 71 weight-to-volume percentages of trichloroacetic acid. From a review of 120 publications on trichloroacetic acid peeling that have appeared since 1926, it was concluded that the authors of 87 of these publications (73 percent) did not report their formula for the trichloroacetic acid solution. Any one of the four methods was reported to have been used by the 33 authors who did report their formula. Eight of 10 internationally reputed pharmacopeias were found not to include the formula of a trichloroacetic acid solution. Proper evaluation of results and prevention of complications of trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation is only feasible if both the concentration and the formula of trichloroacetic acid solution are reported by the author. Practitioners who use a trichloroacetic acid solution need to establish that the concentration of the solution they apply corresponds with that of the solution reported in the literature.Keywords: 5-Percent Fluorouracil, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Carbon-Dioxide Laser, Damaged Skin, Depth Chemical Peel, Dermabrasion, Evaluation, Facial Actinic Keratoses, Glycolic Acid, Jessners Solution, Methods, Photodamaged Skin, Porcine Model, Publications, WaterBridenstine, J.B. (2000), Formulation of trichloroacetic acid peeling solution: A bibliometric analysis by Marieke Vossen, M.D., J. Joris Hage, M.D., Ph.D., and Refaat B. Karim, M.D., Ph.D. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 105 (3), 1095-1096.Full Text: P\Pla Rec Sur105, 1095.pdfKeywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysisvan der Steen, L.P.E., Hage, J.J., Loonen, M.P.J. and Kon, M. (2004), Full publication of papers presented at the 1995 through 1999 European Association of Plastic Surgeons Annual Scientific Meetings: A systemic bibliometric analysis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 114 (1), 113-120.Full Text: 2004\Pla Rec Sur114, 113.pdfAbstract: From the multitude of oral Presentations at major medical meetings, the most informative and highest-quality studies make it to full publication in peer-reviewed journals. The rate of publication may be regarded as an indicator of the scientific level of the meeting. Study of the publication rates of consecutive annual meetings allows for the evaluation of the consistency of the scientific level of these meetings and for comparison with publication rates of other meetings in the same field of interest. To grade how useful any publication is to other authors, one can furthermore measure how frequently they cite it in their own publications. Finally, the time lag between oral presentation and full publication is of importance to both its authors and the audience at the meeting. The main objectives of this study were to determine the publication rate of papers of various fields of interest as presented at five consecutive annual meetings of the European Association of Plastic Surgeons (EURAPS) and the time lag between these presentations and their publication. The authors compared their overall findings to those reported for other surgical specialties. Moreover, they identified and classified the journals in which the full publications appeared as an indicator of the scientific value of the meeting. They conclude that a greater than average number of papers presented at the 1995 through 1999 annual EURAPS meetings went on to full publication in peer-reviewed journals. Among these journals, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery was the best source for information presented at the meetings. Although approximately 90 percent of the publications appeared before 3 years had passed after a meeting, additional publications may be expected to appear even more than 6 years after the meeting. Given the high publication rate and the high average normalized impact factor of the journals in which the presentations appeared, the five studied EURAPS meetings overall had high scientific value.Keywords: Academy, Bias, Evaluation, Fate, Impact Factor, Journal Quality, Journals, Publications, Rates, Selecting Abstracts, Sessions, Society, Structured MethodLoonen, M.P.J., Hage, J.J. and Kon, M. (2005), Who benefits from peer review? An analysis of the outcome of 100 requests for review by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 116 (5), 1461-1472.Full Text: 2005\Pla Rec Sur116, 1461.pdfAbstract: Background: Little is known of what is done with the comments on submitted manuscripts provided by peer reviewers or to what extent these comments benefit the editor in deciding to accept or reject the manuscript, the author(s) in revising their manuscript, or the readership at large. Furthermore, nothing is known of any possible benefits of the process to the peer reviewer. Finally, the peer-review process may even be maleficent because of its implicit delay of publication and a possible bias against manuscripts originating from non-Anglo-American countries. Methods: The authors evaluated the benefits of the peer-review process to authors, editor, readers, and reviewers by a bibliometric analysis of the outcome of 100 requests for review made by the editor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery from 1992 through 2003. The publication delay and potential geographical bias were evaluated as potential disadvantages. Results: The authors’ reviewer advised acceptance of 56 percent of the manuscripts, and the editor mostly agreed with his advice. This suggests that the editor benefited from the review. The authors addressed 48 to 81 percent of the reviewer’s constructive suggestions, and this suggests that they and the readers benefited also. Readers of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery may further benefit because manuscripts rejected by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery end up in less prestigious journals. The implicit delay of publication is limited, and the authors found no bias against non-Anglo-American submissions. The cost-effectiveness of the process for the peer reviewer remains unclear. Conclusions: The peer-review system of Plastic and Reconstructive ‘Surgery, in general, is beneficial.Keywords: Acceptance, Annals, Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Fate, Internal-Medicine, Language, Manuscript Quality, Publication, Publication Delay, Publication Lag-Times, Readers, Surgical Journals? Parker, W.L., Czerwinski, M., Sinno, H., Loizides, P. and Lee, C. (2007), Objective interpretation of surgical outcomes: Is there a need for standardizing digital images in the plastic surgery literature? Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 120 (5), 1419-1423.Full Text: 2007\Pla Rec Sur120, 1419.pdfAbstract: Background: Subjective interpretion of preoperative and postoperative photographs is heavily relied on for evaluating standards of care. For preoperative and postoperative digital images to accurately reflect surgical outcomes, image characteristics, other than acquisition, must be rigidly standardized. The authors I investigated, using objective methodology, the consistency of published images within the plastic surgery literature. Methods: A panel reviewed four plastic surge journals (Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery journal, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and the British journal of Plastic Surgery), with 100 consecutive, color, digital, paired preoperative and postoperative images per journal compared. Image characteristics, including color, brightness, contrast, resolution, view, zoom, size, image labeling, background, patient clothing, accessories, makeup/tan, facial expression, and hair-style, were objectively assessed using a five-point Likert scale; mean values were tabulated and compared among journals; and statistical significance was determined (p < 0.05). Results: The most consistent characteristics among journals included labeling (4.782) and size (4.867), in contrast to clothing (3.06) and hairstyle (3.724) (p < 0.001). Much variability was also present in color, brightness, and view. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and American Aesthetic Plastic Surgery were the two most consistent journals when all image characteristics were combined, scoring 4.6 and 4.5, respectively (p <= 0.01). Conclusions: Standardization of photographic images is essential in plastic surgery for validity of results. Overall, the authors have demonstrated that much variability exists for all image characteristics between preoperative and postoperative images. Many are crucial to the evaluation of the surgical outcome depicted. In a specialty with a dramatically increasing trend toward communication by means of digital imaging, an effort toward standardization is essential.Keywords: Care, Characteristics, Clothing, Communication, Consistency, Evaluation, Expression, Journal, Journals, Labeling, Literature, Methodology, Outcome, Outcomes, Postoperative, Preoperative, Scale, Significance, Size, Specialty, Standardization, Standardizing, Standards, Surgery, Trend, Validity, Variability? Davis Sears, E., Burns, P.B. and Chung, K.C. (2007), The outcomes of outcome studies in plastic surgery: A systematic review of 17 years of plastic surgery research. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 120 (7), 2059-2065.Full Text: 2007\Pla Rec Sur120, 2059.pdfAbstract: BACKGROUND: The authors assessed the state of outcomes studies in plastic surgery since the initiation of the modern outcomes movement in 1988 and propose future research directions. METHODS: A systematic review of health outcomes research in plastic surgery was conducted. Studies were extracted from the journals Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Annals of Plastic Surgery from 1988 to 2004, yielding 3520 articles, 1670 of which did not meet the inclusion criteria; thus, 1850 articles were reviewed. Studies were analyzed with respect to topic of interest, category of outcome study, study design, endpoint of results, and level of impact on health outcomes, rated on a scale of 1 to 4 using a revised version of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s outcomes impact scale. A level 4 study demonstrates the greatest direct impact on patient outcomes. RESULTS: Ninety percent of studies had a level 1 impact; 10 percent had a level 4 impact. Breast surgery was most represented, constituting 26 percent of studies. Morbidity and objective clinical outcomes were the most frequent endpoints, cited in 52 percent and 32 percent of studies, respectively. Economic analyses were the least frequently encountered outcome study category, represented in only 0.6 percent of studies. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies in this review had a level 1 impact, signifying that most outcomes studies in plastic surgery do not show a direct policy impact in patient outcomes. However, they are important in confirming the effectiveness of interventions already in clinical practice and raising new research questions. There is a need for more economic analysis research in plastic surgery outcomes studies.Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Background, Clinical, Clinical Outcomes, Clinical Practice, Criteria, Design, Economic, Economic Analysis, Effectiveness, Health, Health Outcomes, Impact, Initiation, Interventions, Journals, Methods, Movement, Outcome, Outcomes, Outcomes Research, Policy, Practice, Research, Review, Scale, State, Study Design, Surgery, Systematic Review, Version? Loonen, M.P.J., Hage, J.J. and Kon, M. (2007), Value of citation numbers and impact factors for analysis of plastic surgery research. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 120 (7), 2082-2091.Full Text: 2007\Pla Rec Sur120, 2082.pdfAbstract: Background: Citations of articles reflect their scientific relevance. The Institute for Scientific Information’s impact factor measures the average number of citations to articles in a journal. Consequently, less-cited articles are credited for the impact that a few frequently cited articles had. Furthermore, the impact factor is only in regard to the citations received in the first 2 years after publication, whereas most articles may be cited only after that period. The authors tested the relevance of the impact factor as a measure of the scientific value of articles. Methods: The authors identified the 10 most-cited articles of four leading journals and calculated the pattern of their citations over the years. On the basis of the most significant change of regression coefficient in this pattern, they established the critical citable period and the number of citations received in the first 2 years as a fraction of the number of citations received during this period. Results: The citation distribution was skewed. The critical citable period was 16 years, in which articles gathered 61.3 percent of their total number of citations (range, 52.3 to 74.3 percent). The number of citations obtained in the first 2 years correlated well with the number of citations received in the critical citable period (Spearman rho = 0.60, p < 0.001), but only 2.5 percent of the latter number was gathered during the first 2 years (range, 1.2 to 4.0 percent). Conclusion: The impact factor is not an adequate indicator for the scientific relevance or impact of the individual articles the authors studied.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Citation, Citations, Classics, Flap, Impact Factor, Journal, Journals, Publication, Reconstructive-Surgery, Regeneration, Research, Science, Trauma? Loonen, M.P.J., Hage, J.J. and Kon, M. (2008), Plastic surgery classics: Characteristics of 50 top-cited articles in four plastic surgery journals since 1946. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 121 (5), 320E-327E.Full Text: 2008\Pla Rec Sur121, 320E.pdfAbstract: Background: Citation of published articles by peers provides an indication of the relevance of the scientific work. Still, it is unknown what kinds of plastic surgery articles are cited most often. The authors set out to identify the characteristics of the 50 top-cited articles as published in four international, peer reviewed, PubMed-indexed general plastic surgery journals. Methods: The 50 most-cited articles were identified in each of the following journals: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the British Journal of Plastic Surgery, the Annals of Plastic Surgery, and the Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. These 200 articles were ranked after their citation index, defined as the mean number of times they were cited per year during the first 16 years after publication. The top-50 articles thus ranked were analyzed for citation and journal distribution, geographic and institutional origin, surgical and anatomical subject, and level of evidence. Results: Forty-one of the 50 top-cited articles (82 percent) were published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and 35 articles (70 percent) originated from institutions within the United States. Most of the articles dealt with the reconstruction of acquired defects (45 percent) and with basic or experimental research (41 percent). Research that offered means for clinical improvement, rather than a high level of evidence or the results of multi-institutional collaboration, was most often cited. Conclusion: An article featuring a clinical or nonclinical innovation, observation, or discovery that leads to clinical improvement has the best potential to become a “classic.” (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 121: 320e, 2008.).Keywords: Articles, Authors, Citation, Citation Index, Collaboration, Experimental, Innovation, Journal, Journals, Methods, Observation, Publication, Research, Surgery, Surgical? Taghinia, A.H., Liao, E.C. and May, J.W. (2008), Randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery: A 20-year review of reporting standards, methodologic quality, and impact. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 122 (4), 1253-1263.Full Text: 2008\Pla Rec Sur122, 1253.pdfAbstract: Background: Randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery have not been analyzed comprehensively. We analyzed plastic surgical randomized controlled trials with respect to reporting standards, methodologic quality, and impact on the specialty. Methods: Randomized controlled trials published from 1986 to 2006 in three major plastic surgery journals were scored for quality and impact using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist, the Jadad criteria, citation numbers, and other parameters. The associations between the quality scores and multiple independent parameters, including trial impact, were explored. The relative impact of randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery was compared with that in other specialties. Results: A total of 163 randomized controlled trials were evaluated. The average Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Jadad scores were 49 percent and 2.3, respectively. There were deficiencies in the reporting of parameters that influence bias and statistical significance. Randomized controlled trials with high impact or high methodologic quality had higher reporting scores. However, the quality and impact scores did not correlate with the number of participants, subject category, country of origin, or year or journal of publication. Nonsurgical trials had significantly higher quality and impact than surgical trials. Randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery had relatively lower impact as compared with randomized controlled trials in other specialties. Conclusions: The reporting and methodologic standards of randomized controlled trials in plastic surgery need improvement. Standards could be improved if well-accepted reporting and methodologic criteria are considered when designing and evaluating randomized controlled trials. Instituting higher standards may improve the impact of randomized controlled trials and make them more influential in plastic surgery.Keywords: Author, Bias, Citation, Clinical-Trials, Consolidated Standards, Consort Statement, Gynecology, Impact, Information, Journal, Journals, Medical Journals, Methods, Publication, Randomized Controlled Trials, Reliability, Review, Sample-Size, Standards, Statistical, Statistics Notes, Subject Category, Surgical Trials? Song, J.W., Kim, H.M., Bellfi, L.T. and Chung, K.C. (2011), The effect of study design biases on the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for detecting silicone breast implant ruptures: A meta-analysis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 127 (3), 1029-1044.Full Text: 2011\Pla Rec Sur127, 1029.pdfAbstract: Background: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recommended that all silicone breast implant recipients undergo serial screening to detect implant rupture with magnetic resonance imaging. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of study design biases on the estimation of magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic accuracy measures. Methods: Studies were identified using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases. Two reviewers independently screened potential studies for inclusion and extracted data. Study design biases were assessed using the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool and the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist. Meta-analyses estimated the influence of biases on diagnostic odds ratios. Results: Among 1175 identified articles, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies using magnetic resonance imaging (10 of 16) and ultrasound (10 of 13) examined symptomatic subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging studies evaluating symptomatic subjects had 14-fold higher diagnostic accuracy estimates compared with studies using an asymptomatic sample (relative diagnostic odds ratio, 13.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.83 to 104.6) and 2-fold higher diagnostic accuracy estimates compared with studies using a screening sample (relative diagnostic odds ratio, 1.89; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.05 to 75.7). Conclusions: Many of the published studies using magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound to detect silicone breast implant rupture are flawed with methodologic biases. These methodologic shortcomings may result in overestimated magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic accuracy measures and should be interpreted with caution when applying the data to a screening population. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg 127: 1029, 2011.).Keywords: Accuracy, Administration, Augmentation, Authors, Cancer, Cochrane, Databases, Embase, Gel, Imaging, ISI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mammography, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Mri Findings, Quality, Ratio, Relative Efficacies, Review, Science, Screening, Sonography, Systematic, Systematic Review, Ultrasonography, Ultrasound, US, Web of Science, WomenTitle: PlateletsFull Journal Title: PlateletsISO Abbreviated Title: PlateletsJCR Abbreviated Title: PlateletsISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Polish Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Vila, P.M., Zafar, M.U. and Badimon, J.J. (2009), Platelet reactivity and nonresponse to dual antiplatelet therapy: A review. Platelets, 20 (8), 531-538.Abstract: Clopidogrel is a second-generation thienopyridine that irreversibly inhibits the P2Y(12) adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor on platelets, preventing platelet aggregation. As early as 2003, researchers have observed inter-patient variability in response to clopidogrel, leading to a multitude of studies investigating the phenomenon of “clopidogrel resistance,” due to the possible link between clopidogrel resistance and in-stent thrombosis. However, due to differences in study methodology and the lack of a clear definition, there is confusion about what it means and its clinical implications. Literature searches were performed using the Web of Science Database. Keywords used to search for relevant literature included clopidogrel resistance. While several studies have shown associations between high platelet reactivity and a high incidence of adverse outcomes, the optimal level of platelet inhibition is unknown. Regardless of the term used to describe high platelet reactivity after treatment, evidence shows that this leads to adverse clinical outcomes. Future goals for research should be aimed at developing a standard method of measuring platelet function and investigating determinants of high platelet reactivity. Alternative treatment options for patients with high platelet reactivity in the face of dual antiplatelet therapy are currently being investigated.Keywords: Adverse Outcomes, Aspirin, Aspirin Resistance, Cardiovascular Events, Clopidogrel, Clopidogrel Resistance, Database, Determinants, Drug-Resistance, Dual Antiplatelet Therapy, Face, Incidence, Literature, Methodology, Myocardial-Infarction, Outcomes, P2y(12) Receptor, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Receptor Antagonist, Research, Researchers, Resistance, Response Variability, Responsiveness, Review, Science, St-Segment Elevation, Therapy, Thrombosis, Treatment, Variability, Web of ScienceTitle: PlatingFull Journal Title: PlatingISO Abbreviated Title: PlatingJCR Abbreviated Title: PlatingISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Polish Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorLancy, L.E. (1967), An economic study of metal finishing waste treatment. Plating, 54, 157-161.Zievers, J.F. and Novotny, C.J. (1971), Recovery of mixed rinse water by means of ion exchange. Plating, 58, 482-485.Lancy, L.E., Nohse, W. and Wystrach, D. (1972), Practical and economic comparison of the most common metal finishing waste treatment systems. Plating, 59, 126-130.Golomb, A. (1972), Application of reverse osmosis to electroplating waste treatment Part II. the potential role of reverse osmosis in the treatment of some plating wastes. Plating, 59, 316-319.Golomb, A. (1973), Application of reverse osmosis to electroplating waste treatment Part III. pilot plant study and economic evaluation of nickel recovery. Plating, 60, 482-486.Donnelly, R.G., Goldsmith, R.L., McNulty, K.J. and Tan, M. (1974), Reverse osmosis treatment of electroplating waste. Plating, 61, 432-442.Title: Plating and Surface FinishingFull Journal Title: Plating and Surface FinishingISO Abbreviated Title: Plat. Surf. Finish.JCR Abbreviated Title: Plat Surf FinishISSN: 0360-3164Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Amer Electroplaters Soc IncPublisher Address: 12644 Research Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826-3298Subject Categories: Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering: Impact Factor 0.172, / (2002)Materials Science, Coatings & Films: Impact Factor 0.172, / (2002)? Berkh, O., Bodnevas, A. and Zahavi, J. (1995), Electrodeposited Ni-P-Sic composite coatings. Plating and Surface Finishing, 82 (11), 62-66.Abstract: Electrodeposited Ni-P-SiC composite coatings containing 5 to 7 wt percent P and as much as 6.5 wt percent of SiC were produced with current efficiency of about 80 percent. Powder concentration and dispersion strongly influenced SiC particle incorporation, but not the P content of the deposits. Saccharin additive in the electrolyte considerably reduced the SiC and P content. On the other hand, neither saccharin adsorption on the particle surface, nor any effect on particle size distribution in the composites was revealed. The mechanism of saccharin action in codeposition is discussed in terms of its adsorption on cathode and conversion processes.Keywords: Phosphorus Incorporation, Amorphous-Alloys, Mechanism? Dini, J.W. (2001), Bottled water. Plating and Surface Finishing, 88 (1), 68-69.Keywords: 62 Elements, ICP-MS, SamplesTitle: PLoS BiologyFull Journal Title: PLoS BiologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Polish Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Smart, P. (2004), International network for the availability of scientific publications: Facilitating scientific publishing in developing countries. Plos Biology, 2 (11), e326Full Text: 2004\Plo Bio2, e326.pdfKeywords: Developing, Developing Countries, Publishing? MacCallum, C.J. and Parthasarathy, H. (2006), Open access increases citation rate. Plos Biology, 4 (5), e176.Full Text: 2006\Plo Bio4, e176.pdfKeywords: Access, Citation? Eysenbach, G. (2006), Citation advantage of open access articles. PLoS Biology, 4 (5), 692-698.Full Text: 2006\Plo Bio4, 692.pdfAbstract: Open access (OA) to the research literature has the potential to accelerate recognition and dissemination of research findings, but its actual effects are controversial. This was a longitudinal bibliometric analysis of a cohort of OA and non-OA articles published between June 8, 2004, and December 20, 2004, in the same journal (PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences). Article characteristics were extracted, and citation data were compared between the two groups at three different points in time: at ‘quasi-baseline’ (December 2004,0-6 mo after publication), in April 2005 (410 mo after publication), and in October 2005 (10-16 mo after publication). Potentially confounding variables, including number of authors, authors’ lifetime publication count and impact, submission track, country of corresponding author, funding organization, and discipline, were adjusted for in logistic and linear multiple regression models. A total of 1,492 original research articles were analyzed: 212 (14.2% of all articles) were OA articles paid by the author, and 1,280 (85.8%) were non-OA articles. In April 2005 (mean 206 d after publication), 627 (49.0%) of the non-OA articles versus 78 (36.8%) of the OA articles were not cited (relative risk = 1.3 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.1-1.6]; p = 0.001). 6 mo later (mean 288 d after publication), non-OA articles were still more likely to be uncited (non-OA: 172 [13.6%], OA: 11 [5.2%]; relative risk = 2.6 [1.4-4.7]; p < 0.001). The average number of citations of OA articles was higher compared to non-OA articles (April 2005: 1.5 [SD = 2.5] versus 1.2 [SD =2.0]; Z = 3.123; p = 0.002; October 2005: 6.4 [SD = 10.4] versus 4.5 [SD = 4.9]; Z = 4.058; p < 0.001). In a logistic regression model, controlling for potential confounders, OA articles compared to non-OA articles remained twice as likely to be cited (odds ratio = 2.1 [1.5-2.9]) in the first 4-10 mo after publication (April 2005), with the odds ratio increasing to 2.9 (1.5-5.5) 10-16 mo after publication (October 2005). Articles published as an immediate OA article on the journal site have higher impact than self-archived or otherwise openly accessible CIA articles. We found strong evidence that, even in a journal that is widely available in research libraries, OA articles are more immediately recognized and cited by peers than non-OA articles published in the same journal. OA is likely to benefit science by accelerating dissemination and uptake of research findings.Keywords: Access, Analysis, Benefit, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citations, Cohort, Effects, Funding, Groups, Impact, Libraries, Lifetime, Logistic Regression, Longitudinal, Model, Models, PNAS, Publication, Regression Model, Research, Research Articles, Risk, Science, UptakeTitle: PLoS MedicineFull Journal Title: PLoS MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1549-1277Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Polish Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Ranganathan, M. and Bhopal, R. (2006), Exclusion and inclusion of nonwhite ethnic minority groups in 72 North American and European cardiovascular cohort studies. PLoS Medicine, 3 (3), 329-336.Full Text: 2006\Plo Med3, 329.pdfAbstract: Background Cohort studies are recommended for understanding ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to review the process for identifying, including, and excluding ethnic minority populations in published cardiovascular cohort studies in Europe and North America. Methods and Findings We found the literature using MEDLINE (1966-2005), EMBASE (1980-2001), Cinahl, Web of Science, and citations from references; consultations with colleagues; Internet searches; and RB’s personal files. A total of 72 studies were included, 39 starting after 1975. Decision-making on inclusion and exclusion of racial/ethnic groups, the conceptual basis of race/ethnicity, and methods of classification of racial/ethnic groups were rarely explicit. Few publications provided details on the racial/ethnic composition of the study setting or sample, and 39 gave no description. Several studies were located in small towns or in occupational settings, where ethnic minority populations are underrepresented. Studies on general populations usually had too few participants for analysis by race/ethnicity. Eight studies were explicitly on Caucasians/ whites, and two excluded ethnic minority groups from the whole or part of the study on the basis of language or birthplace criteria. Ten studies were designed to compare white and nonwhite populations, while five studies focused on one nonwhite racial/ethnic group; all 15 of these were performed in the US. Conclusions There is a shortage of information from cardiovascular cohort studies on racial/ethnic minority populations, although this has recently changed in the US. There is, particularly in Europe, an inequity resulting from a lack of research data in nonwhite populations. Urgent action is now required in Europe to address this disparity.Keywords: Analysis, Cardiorespiratory Disease, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular Disease, Citations, Cohort Studies, Coronary-Heart-Disease, Decision Making, Decision-Making, Disease, Disparities, Disparity, Elderly-Men, Ethnic Minority, Europe, Follow-Up, Information, Internet, Literature, Methods, Middle-Aged Men, Myocardial-Infarction, Occupational, Peripheral Arterial-Disease, Physical-Activity, Publications, Race, Ethnicity, Research, Review, Risk-Factors, Science, Serum-Cholesterol, US, Web of Science? Eysenbach, G. (2006), The impact factor game - It is time to find a better way to assess the scientific literature. PLoS Medicine, 3 (6), 707-708.Full Text: 2006\Plo Med3, 707.pdf? Gross, C.P., Krumholz, H.M., Van Wye, G., Emanuel, E.J. and Wendler, D. (2006), Does random treatment assignment cause harm to research participants? PLoS Medicine, 3 (6), 800-808.Full Text: 2006\Plo Med3, 800.pdfAbstract: Background Some argue that by precluding individualized treatment, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) provide substandard medical care, while others claim that participation in clinical research is associated with improved patient outcomes. However, there are few data to assess the impact of random treatment assignment on RCT participants. We therefore performed a systematic review to quantify the differences in health outcomes between randomized trial participants and eligible non-participants. Methods and Findings Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, the Web of Science citation database, and manuscript references. Studies were eligible if they documented baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of RCT participants and eligible non-participants, and allowed nonparticipants access to the same interventions available to trial participants. Primary study outcomes according to patient group (randomized trial participants versus eligible nonparticipants) were extracted from all eligible manuscripts. For 22 of the 25 studies (88%) meeting eligibility criteria, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between patients who received random assignment of treatment (RCT participants) and those who received individualized treatment assignment (eligible non-participants). In addition, there was no relation between random treatment assignment and clinical outcome in 15 of the 17 studies (88%) in which randomized and nonrandomized patients had similar health status at baseline. Conclusions These findings suggest that randomized treatment assignment as part of a clinical trial does not harm research participants.Keywords: Acute Myocardial-Infarction, Breast-Cancer, Cancer-Patients, Citation, Clinical Research, Clinical Trial, Clinical Trials, Comprehensive Cohort, Health Outcomes, Health Status, Impact, Informed-Consent, Interventions, Medical, Methods, Nonrandomized Clinical-Trials, Outcome, Outcomes, Patient Outcomes, Patient Preference, Primary, Primary-Care, Randomized Clinical Trials, Research, Review, Science, Survival, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapeutic Misconception, Treatment, Web of Science? Joly, E. (2006), Further advantages of a unique author identification number. PLoS Medicine, 3 (8), Article Number: e368.Full Text: 2006\Plo Med3, e368.pdfKeywords: Identification? Lundh, A., Barbateskovic, M., Hróbjartsson, A. and G?tzsche, P.C. (2010), Conflicts of interest at medical journals: The influence of industry-supported randomised trials on journal impact factors and revenue: Cohort study. PLoS Medicine, 7 (10), Article Number: e1000354.Full Text: 2010\Plo Med7, e1000354.pdfAbstract: Background: Transparency in reporting of conflict of interest is an increasingly important aspect of publication in medical journals. Publication of large industry-supported trials may generate many citations and journal income through reprint sales and thereby be a source of conflicts of interest for journals. We investigated industry-supported trials’ influence on journal impact factors and revenue. Methods and Findings: We sampled six major medical journals (Annals of Internal Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine [NEJM]). For each journal, we identified randomised trials published in 1996-1997 and 2005-2006 using PubMed, and categorized the type of financial support. Using Web of Science, we investigated citations of industry-supported trials and the influence on journal impact factors over a ten-year period. We contacted journal editors and retrieved tax information on income from industry sources. The proportion of trials with sole industry support varied between journals, from 7% in BMJ to 32% in NEJM in 2005-2006. Industry-supported trials were more frequently cited than trials with other types of support, and omitting them from the impact factor calculation decreased journal impact factors. The decrease varied considerably between journals, with 1% for BMJ to 15% for NEJM in 2007. For the two journals disclosing data, income from the sales of reprints contributed to 3% and 41% of the total income for BMJ and The Lancet in 2005-2006. Conclusions: Publication of industry-supported trials was associated with an increase in journal impact factors. Sales of reprints may provide a substantial income. We suggest that journals disclose financial information in the same way that they require them from their authors, so that readers can assess the potential effect of different types of papers on journals’ revenue and impact.Keywords: Authors, Authorship, Citations, Conflict Of Interest, Documents, England, Factors, Financial Support, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Income, Industry, Information, Interest, Journal, Journal Editors, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factors, Journals, Medical, Medical Journals, Methods, Papers, Pharmaceutical Companies, Publication, Pubmed, Reprints, Science, Web of Science? Black, A.D., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Anandan, C., Cresswell, K., Bokun, T., McKinstry, B., Procter, R., Majeed, A. and Sheikh, A. (2011), The impact of eHealth on the quality and safety of health care: A systematic overview. PLoS Medicine, 8 (1), Article Number: e1000387.Full Text: 2011\Plo Med8, e1000387.pdfAbstract: Background: There is considerable international interest in exploiting the potential of digital solutions to enhance the quality and safety of health care. Implementations of transformative eHealth technologies are underway globally, often at very considerable cost. In order to assess the impact of eHealth solutions on the quality and safety of health care, and to inform policy decisions on eHealth deployments, we undertook a systematic review of systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness and consequences of various eHealth technologies on the quality and safety of care. Methods and Findings: We developed novel search strategies, conceptual maps of health care quality, safety, and eHealth interventions, and then systematically identified, scrutinised, and synthesised the systematic review literature. Major biomedical databases were searched to identify systematic reviews published between 1997 and 2010. Related theoretical, methodological, and technical material was also reviewed. We identified 53 systematic reviews that focused on assessing the impact of eHealth interventions on the quality and/or safety of health care and 55 supplementary systematic reviews providing relevant supportive information. This systematic review literature was found to be generally of substandard quality with regards to methodology, reporting, and utility. We thematically categorised eHealth technologies into three main areas: (1) storing, managing, and transmission of data; (2) clinical decision support; and (3) facilitating care from a distance. We found that despite support from policymakers, there was relatively little empirical evidence to substantiate many of the claims made in relation to these technologies. Whether the success of those relatively few solutions identified to improve quality and safety would continue if these were deployed beyond the contexts in which they were originally developed, has yet to be established. Importantly, best practice guidelines in effective development and deployment strategies are lacking. Conclusions: There is a large gap between the postulated and empirically demonstrated benefits of eHealth technologies. In addition, there is a lack of robust research on the risks of implementing these technologies and their cost-effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated, despite being frequently promoted by policymakers and “techno-enthusiasts” as if this was a given. In the light of the paucity of evidence in relation to improvements in patient outcomes, as well as the lack of evidence on their cost-effectiveness, it is vital that future eHealth technologies are evaluated against a comprehensive set of measures, ideally throughout all stages of the technology’s life cycle. Such evaluation should be characterised by careful attention to socio-technical factors to maximise the likelihood of successful implementation and adoption.Keywords: Clinical Decision-Support, Physician Order Entry, Electronic Medical-Records, Adverse Drug Events, Evaluating Informatics Applications, Randomized Controlled-Trials, Patient Record, Publication Bias, Of-Care, Technology? Austad, K.E., Avorn, J. and Kesselheim, A.S. (2011), Medical students’ exposure to and attitudes about the pharmaceutical industry: A systematic review. PLoS Medicine, 8 (5), Article Number: e1001037.Full Text: 2011\Plo Med8, e1001037.pdfAbstract: Background: The relationship between health professionals and the pharmaceutical industry has become a source of controversy. Physicians’ attitudes towards the industry can form early in their careers, but little is known about this key stage of development. Methods and Findings: We performed a systematic review reported according to PRISMA guidelines to determine the frequency and nature of medical students’ exposure to the drug industry, as well as students’ attitudes concerning pharmaceutical policy issues. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ERIC from the earliest available dates through May 2010, as well as bibliographies of selected studies. We sought original studies that reported quantitative or qualitative data about medical students’ exposure to pharmaceutical marketing, their attitudes about marketing practices, relationships with industry, and related pharmaceutical policy issues. Studies were separated, where possible, into those that addressed preclinical versus clinical training, and were quality rated using a standard methodology. Thirty-two studies met inclusion criteria. We found that 40%-100% of medical students reported interacting with the pharmaceutical industry. A substantial proportion of students (13%-69%) were reported as believing that gifts from industry influence prescribing. Eight studies reported a correlation between frequency of contact and favorable attitudes toward industry interactions. Students were more approving of gifts to physicians or medical students than to government officials. Certain attitudes appeared to change during medical school, though a time trend was not performed; for example, clinical students (53%-71%) were more likely than preclinical students (29%-62%) to report that promotional information helps educate about new drugs. Conclusions: Undergraduate medical education provides substantial contact with pharmaceutical marketing, and the extent of such contact is associated with positive attitudes about marketing and skepticism about negative implications of these interactions. These results support future research into the association between exposure and attitudes, as well as any modifiable factors that contribute to attitudinal changes during medical education.Keywords: Attitudes, Behavior, Conflicts-of-Interest, Development, Drug, Drug Promotion, Drugs, Education, Embase, Exposure, Financial Ties, Frequency, Guidelines, Hidden Curriculum, Industry, Information, Medical, Medical School, Medline, Methodology, Methods, National-Survey, New Drugs, Physicians, Policy, Quantitative, Research, Residents, Review, Sales Representatives, School, Science, Students, Systematic, Systematic Review, Training, Trend, Web of ScienceTitle: PLoS Neglected Tropical DiseasesFull Journal Title: PLoS Neglected Tropical DiseasesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Polish Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Solaymani-Mohammadi, S., Genkinger, J.M., Loffredo, C.A. and Singer, S.M. (2010), A Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of albendazole compared with metronidazole as treatments for infections with Giardia duodenalis. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4 (5), Article Number: e682.Full Text: 2010\PLo Neg Tro Dis4, e682.pdfAbstract: Background: Metronidazole is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of giardiasis in humans. In spite of its therapeutic efficacy for giardiasis, low patient compliance, especially in children, side effects, and the emergence of metronidazole-resistant strains may restrict its use. Albendazole has been used to treat Giardia duodenalis infections in recent years. However, efficacy studies in vivo and in vitro have produced diverse results as to its effectiveness. A moderately benign side effect profile, combined with established efficacy against many helminths, renders it promising for treatment of giardiasis in humans. Methodology and Principal Findings: We performed a search in the PUBMED, Scopus, EMBASE, the ISI Web of Science, LILIACS, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register for trials published before February 2010 as well as in references of relevant research and review articles. Eight randomized clinical trials (including 900 patients) comparing the effectiveness of albendazole with that of metronidazole were included in meta-analysis. After extracting and validating the data, the pooled risk ratio (RR) was calculated using an inverse-variance random-effects model. Albendazole was found to be equally as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of giardiasis in humans (RR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93, 1.01). In addition, safety analysis suggested that patients treated with albendazole had a lower risk of adverse effects compared with those who received metronidazole (RR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.10, 1.34), but limitations of the sample size precluded a definite conclusion. Conclusions/Significance: The effectiveness of albendazole, when given as a single dose of 400 mg/day for 5 days, was comparable to that of metronidazole. Patients treated with albendazole tended to have fewer side effects compared with those who took metronidazole. Given the safety, effectiveness, and low costs of albendazole, this drug could be potentially used as an alternative and/or a replacement for the existing metronidazole therapy protocols in the treatment of giardiasis in humans.Keywords: Adverse Effects, Analysis, Children, Clinical Trials, Clinical-Trials, Cochrane, Compliance, Costs, Diagnosis, Drug, Effectiveness, Efficacy, Embase, Humans, In Vivo, ISI, Lamblia Infection, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Methodology, Model, Neurocysticercosis, Nitroimidazoles, Profile, Pubmed, Randomized Clinical Trials, Ratio, Research, Review, Risk, Safety, Science, Scopus, Susceptibility, Therapy, Tinidazole, Treatment, Web of Science? Al-Muhandis, N. and Hunter, P.R. (2011), The value of educational messages embedded in a community-based approach to combat dengue fever: A systematic review and meta regression analysis. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5 (8), Article Number: e1278.Full Text: 2011\PLo Neg Tro Dis5, e1278.pdfAbstract: Background: The effects of various dengue control measures have been investigated in previous studies. The aim of this review was to investigate the relative effectiveness (RE) of different educational messages embedded in a community-based approach on the incidence of Aedes aegypti larvae using entomological measures as outcomes. Methods and Findings: A systematic electronic search using Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library was carried out to March 2010. Previous systematic reviews were also assessed. Data concerning interventions, outcomes, effect size and study design were extracted. Basic meta-analyses were done for pooled effect size, heterogeneity and publication bias using Comprehensive Meta-analysis. Further analysis of heterogeneitity was done by multi-level modelling using MLwiN. 21 publications with 22 separate studies were included in this review. Meta-analysis of these 22 pooled studies showed an RE of 0.25 (95% CI 0.17-0.37), but with substantial heterogeneity (Cochran’s Q = 1254, df = 21, p = < 0.001,). Further analysis of this heterogeneity showed that over 60% of between study variance could be explained by just two variables; whether or not studies used historic or contemporary controls and time from intervention to assessment. When analyses were restricted to those studies using contemporary control, there was a polynomial relationship between effectiveness and time to assessment. Whether or not chemicals or other control measures were used did not appear have any effect on intervention effectiveness. Conclusion: The results suggest that such measures do appear to be effective at reducing entomological indices. However, those studies that use historical controls almost certainly overestimate the value of interventions. There is evidence that interventions are most effective some 18 to 24 months after the intervention but then subsequently decline.Keywords: Aedes, Aedes-Aegypti, Analysis, Assessment, Bias, Chemicals, Cochrane, Control, Dengue, Design, Effectiveness, Incidence, Intervention, Interventions, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Modelling, Multilevel Modelling, Outcomes, Prevention, Programs, Publication, Publication Bias, Publications, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Systematic Reviews, Web of ScienceTitle: PLoS OneFull Journal Title: PLoS OneISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1932-6203Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Polish Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Ioannidis, J.P.A. (2006), Concentration of the most-cited papers in the scientific literature: Analysis of journal ecosystems. PLoS One, 1 (1), Article Number: e5.Full Text: 2006\Plo Bio1, e5.pdfAbstract: Background. A minority of scientific journals publishes the majority of scientific papers and receives the majority of citations. The extent of concentration of the most influential articles is less well known. Methods/Principal Findings. The 100 most-cited papers in the last decade in each of 21 scientific fields were analyzed; fields were considered as ecosystems and their “species” (journal) diversity was evaluated. Only 9% of journals in Journal Citation Reports had published at least one such paper. Among this 9%, half of them had published only one such paper. The number of journals that had published a larger number of most-cited papers decreased exponentially according to a Lotka law. Except for three scientific fields, six journals accounted for 53 to 94 of the 100 most-cited papers in their field. With increasing average number of citations per paper (citation density) in a scientific field, concentration of the most-cited papers in a few journals became even more prominent (p < 0.001). Concentration was unrelated to the number of papers published or number of journals available in a scientific field. Multidisciplinary journals accounted for 24% of all most-cited papers, with large variability across fields. The concentration of most-cited papers in multidisciplinary journals was most prominent in fields with high citation density (correlation coefficient 0.70, p < 0.001). Multidisciplinary journals had published fewer than eight of the 100 most-cited papers in eight scientific fields (none in two fields). Journals concentrating most-cited original articles often differed from those concentrating most-cited reviews. The concentration of the most-influential papers was stronger than the already prominent concentration of papers published and citations received. Conclusions. Despite a plethora of available journals, the most influential papers are extremely concentrated in few journals, especially in fields with high citation density. Existing multidisciplinary journals publish selectively most-cited papers from fields with high citation density.? Talbott, J.R. (2007), Size matters: The number of prostitutes and the global HIV/AIDS pandemic. PLoS One, 2 (6), Article Number: e543.Full Text: 2007\Plo Bio2, e543.pdfAbstract: Background. HIV/AIDS prevalence rates across countries of the world vary more than 500-fold from .06% in Hungary to 33.4% in Swaziland. One of the most cited research papers in the field, utilizing cross country regression analysis to analyze other correlates with this HIV prevalence data, is flawed in that it weights each country’s results by the country’s population. Methodology/Principal Findings. Based on cross-country linear and multiple regressions using newly gathered data from UNAIDS, the number of female commercial sex workers as a percentage of the female adult population is robustly positively correlated with countrywide HIV/AIDS prevalence levels. Confirming earlier studies, female illiteracy levels, gender illiteracy differences and income inequality within countries are also significantly positively correlated with HIV/AIDS levels. Muslims as a percentage of the population, itself highly correlated with country circumcision rates and previously found to be negatively correlated with HIV/AIDS prevalence, is insignificant when the percentage of commercial sex workers in a population is included in the analysis. Conclusions/Significance. This paper provides strong evidence that when conducted properly, cross country regression data does not support the theory that male circumcision is the key to slowing the AIDS epidemic. Rather, it is the number of infected prostitutes in a country that is highly significant and robust in explaining HIV prevalence levels across countries. An explanation is offered for why Africa has been hit the hardest by the AIDS pandemic and why there appears to be very little correlation between HIV/AIDS infection rates and country wealth.Keywords: Adult, Africa, AID, AIDS, Analysis, Correlates, Countries, Differences, Gender, HIV, HIV Prevalence, HIV, AIDS, Hungary, Income, Infection, Male, Pandemic, Papers, Prevalence, Regression Analysis, Research, Research Papers, Sex, Theory? Postma, E. (2007), Inflated impact factors? The true impact of evolutionary papers in non-evolutionary journals. PLoS One, 2 (10), Article Number: e999.Full Text: 2007\Plo Bio2, e999.pdfAbstract: Amongst the numerous problems associated with the use of impact factors as a measure of quality are the systematic differences in impact factors that exist among scientific fields. While in theory this can be circumvented by limiting comparisons to journals within the same field, for a diverse and multidisciplinary field like evolutionary biology, in which the majority of papers are published in journals that publish both evolutionary and non-evolutionary papers, this is impossible. However, a journal’s overall impact factor may well be a poor predictor for the impact of its evolutionary papers. The extremely high impact factors of some multidisciplinary journals, for example, are by many believed to be driven mostly by publications from other fields. Despite plenty of speculation, however, we know as yet very little about the true impact of evolutionary papers in journals not specifically classified as evolutionary. Here I present, for a wide range of journals, an analysis of the number of evolutionary papers they publish and their average impact. I show that there are large differences in impact among evolutionary and non-evolutionary papers within journals; while the impact of evolutionary papers published in multidisciplinary journals is substantially overestimated by their overall impact factor, the impact of evolutionary papers in many of the more specialized, non-evolutionary journals is significantly underestimated. This suggests that, for evolutionary biologists, publishing in high-impact multidisciplinary journals should not receive as much weight as it does now, while evolutionary papers in more narrowly defined journals are currently undervalued. Importantly, however, their ranking remains largely unaffected. While journal impact factors may thus indeed provide a meaningful qualitative measure of impact, a fair quantitative comparison requires a more sophisticated journal classification system, together with multiple field-specific impact statistics per journal.Keywords: Analysis, Biology, Classification, Comparison, Field, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Journal, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factors, Journals, Multidisciplinary, Papers, Publications, Publishing, Qualitative, Quality, Ranking, Statistics, Theory? Stringer, M.J., Sales-Pardo, M. and Nunes Amaral, L.A. (2008), Effectiveness of journal ranking schemes as a tool for locating information. PLoS One, 3 (2), Article Number: e1683.Full Text: 2008\Plo ONE3, e1683.pdfAbstract: BACKGROUND: The rise of electronic publishing, preprint archives, blogs, and wikis is raising concerns among publishers, editors, and scientists about the present day relevance of academic journals and traditional peer review. These concerns are especially fuelled by the ability of search engines to automatically identify and sort information. It appears that academic journals can only remain relevant if acceptance of research for publication within a journal allows readers to infer immediate, reliable information on the value of that research. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we systematically evaluate the effectiveness of journals, through the work of editors and reviewers, at evaluating unpublished research. We find that the distribution of the number of citations to a paper published in a given journal in a specific year converges to a steady state after a journal-specific transient time, and demonstrate that in the steady state the logarithm of the number of citations has a journal-specific typical value. We then develop a model for the asymptotic number of citations accrued by papers published in a journal that closely matches the data. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our model enables us to quantify both the typical impact and the range of impacts of papers published in a journal. Finally, we propose a journal-ranking scheme that maximizes the efficiency of locating high impact research.Keywords: Area, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Citations, Impact, Journals, Judge, Paper, Peer Review, Publication, Publishing, Ranking, Research, ROC Curve, Science, Web? Kondilis, B.K., Kiriaze, I.J., Athanasoulia, A.P. and Falagas, M.E. (2008), Mapping health literacy research in the European Union: A bibliometric analysis. PLoS One, 3 (6), Article Number: e2519.Full Text: 2008\Plo ONE3, e2519.pdfAbstract: Background: To examine and compare the research productivity on selected fields related to health literacy of the current members of the European Union, the four candidate countries waiting to join the EU, Norway, Switzerland, and the United States. Methodology/Principal findings: A bibliometric analysis (1991-2005). Data sources included papers published by authors from each country separately. The 25 European countries produce less than 1/3 health literacy research when compared to the U.S. (13,710 and 49,523 articles were published by authors with main affiliation in the European Union and the four candidate countries, and the U. S., respectively). The Netherlands and Sweden (followed by Germany, Italy, and France) are the European countries with the highest number of research published in fields related to health literacy. After adjustment for population Sweden, Finland, and Norway, were on the top of the relevant list. In addition, Sweden, Finland, and Ireland, were on the top of the list of countries regarding research productivity on the selected fields after adjustment for gross domestic product (GDP). Conclusions/Significance: Inequalities in research published on the topic of health literacy exist among Europe, Norway, Switzerland, and the U. S. More research may need to be done in all areas of health literacy in Europe and the potential detrimental effects of this gap should be further investigated.Keywords: Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biomedical-Research, English, EU, France, Readability, Research, Research Productivity, Spanish, Topic, Written? Matarese, V. (2008), Relationship between quality and editorial leadership of biomedical research journals: A comparative study of Italian and UK journals. PLoS One, 3 (7), Article Number: e2512.Full Text: 2008\Plo ONE3, e2512.pdfAbstract: Background: The quality of biomedical reporting is guided by statements of several organizations. Although not all journals adhere to these guidelines, those that do demonstrate “editorial leadership” in their author community. To investigate a possible relationship between editorial leadership and journal quality, research journals from two European countries, one Anglophone and one non-Anglophone, were studied and compared. Quality was measured on a panel of bibliometric parameters while editorial leadership was evaluated from journals’ instructions to authors. Methodology/Principal Findings: The study considered all 76 Italian journals indexed in Medline and 76 randomly chosen UK journals; only journals both edited and published in these countries were studied. Compared to UK journals, Italian journals published fewer papers (median, 60 vs. 93; p = 0.006), less often had online archives (43 vs. 74; p < 0.001) and had lower median values of impact factor (1.2 vs. 2.7, p < 0.001) and SCImago journal rank (0.09 vs. 0.25, p < 0.001). Regarding editorial leadership, Italian journals less frequently required manuscripts to specify competing interests (p < 0.001), authors’ contributions (p = 0.005), funding (p < 0.001), informed consent (p < 0.001), ethics committee review (p < 0.001). No Italian journal adhered to COPE or the CONSORT and QUOROM statements nor required clinical trial registration, while these characteristics were observed in 15%-43% of UK journals (p < 0.001). At multiple regression, editorial leadership predicted 37.1%-49.9% of the variance in journal quality defined by citation statistics (p < 0.0001); confounding variables inherent to a cross-cultural comparison had a relatively small contribution, explaining an additional 6.2%-13.8% of the variance. Conclusions/Significance: Journals from Italy scored worse for quality and editorial leadership than did their UK counterparts. Editorial leadership predicted quality for the entire set of journals. Greater appreciation of international initiatives to improve biomedical reporting may help low-quality journals achieve higher status.Keywords: Bibliometric, Citation, Impact, Impact Factor, Journals, Manuscripts, Medline, Research, UK? Zafarmand, M.H., van der Schouw, Y.T., Grobbee, D.E., de Leeuw, P.W. and Bots, M.L. (2008), The M235T polymorphism in the AGT gene and CHD risk: Evidence of a hardy-weinberg equilibrium violation and publication bias in a meta-analysis. PLoS One, 3 (6), Article Number: e2533.Full Text: 2008\Plo Bio3, e2533.pdfAbstract: Background: The M235T polymorphism in the AGT gene has been related to an increased risk of hypertension. This finding may also suggest an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methodology/Principal Findings: A case-cohort study was conducted in 1,732 unrelated middle-age women (210 CHD cases and 1,522 controls) from a prospective cohort of 15,236 initially healthy Dutch women. We applied a Cox proportional hazards model to study the association of the polymorphism with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 71) and CHD. In the case-cohort study, no increased risk for CHD was found under the additive genetic model (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 1.68; P = 0.28). This result was not changed by adjustment (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.64; P = 0.38) nor by using dominant, recessive and pairwise genetic models. Analyses for AMI risk under the additive genetic model also did not show any statistically significant association (crude HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.39; P = 0.20). To evaluate the association, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken of all studies published up to February 2007 (searched through PUBMED/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE). The meta-analysis (38 studies with 13284 cases and 18722 controls) showed a per-allele odds ratio (OR) of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.15; P = 0.02). Moderate to large levels of heterogeneity were identified between studies. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) violation and the mean age of cases were statistically significant sources of the observed variation. In a stratum of non-HWE violation studies, there was no effect. An asymmetric funnel plot, the Egger’s test (P = 0.066), and the Begg-Mazumdar test (P = 0.074) were all suggestive of the presence of publication bias. Conclusions/Significance: The pooled OR of the present meta-analysis, including our own data, presented evidence that there is an increase in the risk of CHD conferred by the M235T variant of the AGT gene. However, the relevance of this weakly positive overall association remains uncertain because it may be due to various residual biases, including HWE-violation and publication biases.Keywords: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Bias, Coronary Heart Disease, Disease, Embase, Equilibrium, Genetic, Hypertension, Meta-Analysis, Model, Myocardial Infarction, Polymorphism, Publication, Publication Bias, Ratio, Review, Risk, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science, Women? Meneghini, R., Packer, A.L. and Nassi-Calò, L. (2008), Articles by Latin American authors in prestigious journals have fewer citations. PLoS One, 3 (11), Article Number: e3804.Full Text: 2008\Plo ONE3, e3804.pdfAbstract: Background: The journal Impact factor (IF) is generally accepted to be a good measurement of the relevance/quality of articles that a journal publishes. In spite of an, apparently, homogenous peer-review process for a given journal, we hypothesize that the country affiliation of authors from developing Latin American (LA) countries affects the IF of a journal detrimentally. Methodology/Principal Findings: Seven prestigious international journals, one multidisciplinary journal and six serving specific branches of science, were examined in terms of their IF in the Web of Science. Two subsets of each journal were then selected to evaluate the influence of author’s affiliation on the IF. They comprised contributions (i) with authorship from four Latin American (LA) countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico) and (ii) with authorship from five developed countries (England, France, Germany, Japan and USA). Both subsets were further subdivided into two groups: Articles with authorship from one country only and collaborative articles with authorship from other countries. Articles from the five developed countries had IF close to the overall IF of the journals and the influence of collaboration on this value was minor. In the case of LA articles the effect of collaboration (virtually all with developed countries) was significant. The IFs for non-collaborative articles averaged 66% of the overall IF of the journals whereas the articles in collaboration raised the IFs to values close to the overall IF. Conclusion/Significance: The study shows a significantly lower IF in the group of the subsets of non-collaborative LA articles and thus that country affiliation of authors from non-developed LA countries does affect the IF of a journal detrimentally. There are no data to indicate whether the lower IFs of LA articles were due to their inherent inferior quality/relevance or psycho-social trend towards under-citation of articles from these countries. However, further study is required since there are foreseeable consequences of this trend as it may stimulate strategies by editors to turn down articles that tend to be under-cited.Keywords: Affiliation, Articles, Authors, Authorship, Brazil, Citations, Collaboration, England, France, Germany, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, Japan, Journal, Journals, Latin American, Measurement, Mexico, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Psychosocial, Publications, Science, Trend, Web of Science? Hagen, N.T. (2008), Harmonic allocation of authorship credit: Source-level correction of bibliometric bias assures accurate publication and citation analysis. PLoS One, 3 (12), Article Number: e4021.Full Text: 2008\Plo ONE3, e4021.pdfAbstract: Authorship credit for multi-authored scientific publications is routinely allocated either by issuing full publication credit repeatedly to all coauthors, or by dividing one credit equally among all coauthors. The ensuing inflationary and equalizing biases distort derived bibliometric measures of merit by systematically benefiting secondary authors at the expense of primary authors. Here I show how harmonic counting, which allocates credit according to authorship rank and the number of coauthors, provides simultaneous source-level correction for both biases as well as accommodating further decoding of byline information. I also demonstrate large and erratic effects of counting bias on the original h-index, and show how the harmonic version of the h-index provides unbiased bibliometric ranking of scientific merit while retaining the original’s essential simplicity, transparency and intended fairness. Harmonic decoding of byline information resolves the conundrum of authorship credit allocation by providing a simple recipe for source-level correction of inflationary and equalizing bias. Harmonic counting could also offer unrivalled accuracy in automated assessments of scientific productivity, impact and achievement.Keywords: Authorship, Bibliometric, Citation, Citation Analysis, Counting, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Indicators, Publication, Publications, Scientific Publications? Suchindran, S., Brouwer, E.S. and Van Rie, A. (2009), Is HIV infection a risk factor for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis? A systematic review. PLoS One, 4 (5), Article Number: e5561.Full Text: 2009\Plo ONE4, e5561.pdfAbstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of human suffering and death. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and extensive drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have emerged as threats to TB control. The association between MDR-TB and HIV infection has not yet been fully investigated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence on the association between HIV infection and MDR-TB. Methods and Results: Original studies providing Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance data stratified by HIV status were identified using MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science. Crude MDR-TB prevalence ratios were calculated and analyzed by type of TB (primary or acquired), region and study period. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed, and pooled prevalence ratios were generated if appropriate. No clear association was found between MDR-TB and HIV infection across time and geographic locations. MDR-TB prevalence ratios in the 32 eligible studies, comparing MDR-TB prevalence by HIV status, ranged from 0.21 to 41.45. Assessment by geographical region or study period did not reveal noticeable patterns. The summary prevalence ratios for acquired and primary MDR-TB were 1.17 (95% CI 0.86, 1.6) and 2.72 (95% CI 2.03, 3.66), respectively. Studies eligible for review were few considering the size of the epidemics. Most studies were not adjusted for confounders and the heterogeneity across studies precluded the calculation of a meaningful overall summary measure. Conclusions: We could not demonstrate an overall association between MDR-TB and HIV or acquired MDR-TB and HIV, but our results suggest that HIV infection is associated with primary MDR-TB. Future well-designed studies and surveillance in all regions of the world are needed to better clarify the relationship between HIV infection and MDR-TB.Keywords: Assessment, Control, Drug, HIV, Human, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Infection, ISI, MDR-TB, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Prevalence, Primary, Resistance, Review, Science, Surveillance, Systematic, Systematic Review, TB, Tuberculosis, Web of Science? Allen, L., Jones, C., Dolby, K., Lynn, D. and Walport, M. (2009), Looking for landmarks: The role of expert review and bibliometric analysis in evaluating scientific publication outputs. PLoS One, 4 (6), Article Number: e5910.Full Text: 2009\Plo ONE4, e5910.pdfAbstract: Objective: To compare expert assessment with bibliometric indicators as tools to assess the quality and importance of scientific research papers. Methods and Materials: Shortly after their publication in 2005, the quality and importance of a cohort of nearly 700 Wellcome Trust (WT) associated research papers were assessed by expert reviewers; each paper was reviewed by two WT expert reviewers. After 3 years, we compared this initial assessment with other measures of paper impact. Results: Shortly after publication, 62 (9%) of the 687 research papers were determined to describe at least a ‘major addition to knowledge’ - 6 were thought to be ‘landmark’ papers. At an aggregate level, after 3 years, there was a strong positive association between expert assessment and impact as measured by number of citations and F1000 rating. However, there were some important exceptions indicating that bibliometric measures may not be sufficient in isolation as measures of research quality and importance, and especially not for assessing single papers or small groups of research publications. Conclusion: When attempting to assess the quality and importance of research papers, we found that sole reliance on bibliometric indicators would have led us to miss papers containing important results as judged by expert review. In particular, some papers that were highly rated by experts were not highly cited during the first three years after publication. Tools that link expert peer reviews of research paper quality and importance to more quantitative indicators, such as citation analysis would be valuable additions to the field of research assessment and evaluation.Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Cohort, Evaluation, Groups, Impact, Landmark, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Papers, Review? Michon, F. and Tummers, M. (2009), The dynamic interest in topics within the biomedical scientific community. PLoS One, 4 (7), Article Number: e6544.Full Text: 2009\Plo ONE4, e6544.pdfAbstract: The increase in the size of the scientific community created an explosion in scientific production. We have analyzed the dynamics of biomedical scientific output during 1957-2007 by applying a bibliometric analysis of the PubMed database using different keywords representing specific biomedical topics. With the assumption that increased scientific interest will result in increased scientific output, we compared the output of specific topics to that of all scientific output. This analysis resulted in three broad categories of topics; those that follow the general trend of all scientific output, those that show highly variable output, and attractive topics which are new and grow explosively. The analysis of the citation impact of the scientific output resulted in a typical longtail distribution: the majority of journals and articles are of very low impact. This distribution has remained unchanged since 1957, although the interests of scientists must have shifted in this period. We therefore analyzed the distribution of articles in top journals and lower impact journals over time for the attractive topics. Novelty is rewarded by publication in top journals. Over time more articles are published in low impact journals progressively creating the longtail distribution, signifying acceptance of the topic by the community. There can be a gap of years between novelty and acceptance. Within topics temporary novelty is created with new subtopics. In conclusion, the longtail distribution is the foundation of the scientific output of the scientific community and can be used to examine different aspects of science practice.Keywords: Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Impact, Journals, Publication, Scientific Production, Topic? Cohen, J.M., Hutcheon, J.A., Julien, S.G., Tremblay, M.L. and Fuhrer, R. (2009), Insufficient milk supply and breast cancer risk: A systematic review. PLoS One, 4 (12), Article Number: e8237.Full Text: 2009\Plo ONE4, e8237.pdfAbstract: Background: An association between insufficient milk supply, the inability of a mother’s breast milk to provide sufficiently for her infant, and breast cancer has been suggested by observations in animal models. To determine if an association has been reported in epidemiological studies of human breast cancer, a systematic review of the literature has been conducted. We also sought to identify the methodological limitations of existing studies to guide the design of any future prospective studies in this field. Methodology/Principal Findings: PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and CAB abstracts were searched. We selected any study that (1) assessed breast cancer in association with breastfeeding history and (2) examined the relationship between insufficient milk supply with breast cancer. Seven relevant studies were identified that met both criteria. There was statistically significant heterogeneity among the results which likely reflects clinically significant differences in definitions of insufficient milk supply and reference groups that were used. Among premenopausal women who had experienced insufficient milk supply, odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer risk ranged from 0.9 to 16.3. Among postmenopausal women, ORs ranged from 0.6 to 6.7. Based on the range of odds ratios obtained in the studies reported in this review, it remains unclear if there is a true association between insufficient milk supply and breast cancer. Conclusions/Significance: Although some studies have shown a strong positive association, there is no consistent evidence for an effect of insufficient milk supply on breast cancer risk. Exposure definitions are in need of improvement in order to focus on primary insufficient milk supply. Reference groups consisting of women who have successfully breastfed may also introduce positive bias (inflation of the odds ratio) into study results because of the protective effect of prolonged breastfeeding in the control group.Keywords: Association, Bias, Breast Cancer, Cancer, Control, Definitions, Embase, History, Human, Lactation History, Literature, Primary, Prospective Studies, Pubmed, Ratio, Review, Risk, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science, Women? Sasco, A.J., Jaquet, A., Boidin, E., Ekouevi, D.K., Thouillot, F., LeMabec, T., Forstin, M.A., Renaudier, P., N’Dom, P., Malvy, D. and Dabis, F. (2010), The challenge of AIDS-related malignancies in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One, 5 (1), Article Number: e8621.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e8621.pdfAbstract: Background: With the lengthening of life expectancy among HIV-positive subjects related to the use of highly active antiretroviral treatments, an increased risk of cancer has been described in industrialized countries. The question is to determine what occurs now and will happen in the future in the low income countries and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where more than two-thirds of all HIV-positive people live in the world. The objective of our paper is to review the link between HIV and cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, putting it in perspective with what is already known in Western countries. Methods and Findings: Studies for this review were identified from several bibliographical databases including PUBMED, Scopus, Cochrane, Pascal, Web of Science and using keywords “HIV, neoplasia, epidemiology and Africa’’ and related MesH terms. A clear association was found between HIV infection and AIDS-classifying cancers. In case-referent studies, odds ratios (OR) were ranging from 21.9 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 12.5-38.6) to 47.1 (31.9-69.8) for Kaposi sarcoma and from 5.0 (2.7-9.5) to 12.6 (2.2-54.4) for non Hodgkin lymphoma. The association was less strong for invasive cervical cancer with ORs ranging from 1.1 (0.7-1.2) to 1.6 (1.1-2.3), whereas ORs for squamous intraepithelial lesions were higher, from 4.4 (2.3-8.4) to 17.0 (2.2-134.1). For non AIDS-classifying cancers, squamous cell conjunctival carcinoma of the eye was associated with HIV in many case-referent studies with ORs from 2.6 (1.4-4.9) to 13.0 (4.5-39.4). A record-linkage study conducted in Uganda showed an association between Hodgkin lymphoma and HIV infection with a standardized incidence ratio of 5.7 (1.2-17) although OR in case-referent studies ranged from 1.4 (0.7-2.8) to 1.6 (1.0-2.7). Other cancer sites found positively associated with HIV include lung, liver, anus, penis, vulva, kidney, thyroid and uterus and a decreased risk of female breast cancer. These results so far based on a relatively small number of studies warrant further epidemiological investigations, taking into account other known risk factors for these tumors. Conclusion: Studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa show that HIV infection is not only strongly associated with AIDS-classifying cancers but also provided some evidence of association for other neoplasia. African countries need now to implement well designed population-based studies in order to better describe the spectrum of AIDS-associated malignancies and the most effective strategies for their prevention, screening and treatment.Keywords: Active Antiretroviral Therapy, Africa, African Countries, Antiretroviral, Breast Cancer, Cancer, Carcinoma, Cervical Cancer, Cochrane, Databases, Epidemiology, Hiv, Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus, Human-Papillomavirus Infection, Incidence, Income, Infection, Invasive Cervical-Cancer, Kaposis-Sarcoma, Liver-Related Mortality, Lung-Cancer, Methods, Neoplasia, Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma, Penis, Prevention, Ratio, Review, Risk, Risk Factors, Science, Scopus, Screening, Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, Sub-Saharan Africa, Swiss Hiv Cohort, Treatment, Web of Science? Brunoni, A.R., Tadini, L. and Fregni, F. (2010), Changes in clinical trials methodology over time: A systematic review of six decades of research in psychopharmacology. PLoS One, 5 (3), Article Number: e9479.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e9479.pdfAbstract: Background: There have been many changes in clinical trials methodology since the introduction of lithium and the beginning of the modern era of psychopharmacology in 1949. The nature and importance of these changes have not been fully addressed to date. As methodological flaws in trials can lead to false-negative or false-positive results, the objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of methodological changes in psychopharmacology clinical research over the past 60 years. Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed a systematic review from 1949 to 2009 on MEDLINE and Web of Science electronic databases, and a hand search of high impact journals on studies of seven major drugs (chlorpromazine, clozapine, risperidone, lithium, fluoxetine and lamotrigine). All controlled studies published 100 months after the first trial were included. Ninety-one studies met our inclusion criteria. We analyzed the major changes in abstract reporting, study design, participants’ assessment and enrollment, methodology and statistical analysis. Our results showed that the methodology of psychiatric clinical trials changed substantially, with quality gains in abstract reporting, results reporting, and statistical methodology. Recent trials use more informed consent, periods of washout, intention-to-treat approach and parametric tests. Placebo use remains high and unchanged over time. Conclusions/Significance: Clinical trial quality of psychopharmacological studies has changed significantly in most of the aspects we analyzed. There was significant improvement in quality reporting and internal validity. These changes have increased study efficiency; however, there is room for improvement in some aspects such as rating scales, diagnostic criteria and better trial reporting. Therefore, despite the advancements observed, there are still several areas that can be improved in psychopharmacology clinical trials.Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Bipolar-I Disorder, Clinical Research, Clinical Trial, Clinical Trials, Consort Statement, Controlled 18-Month Trial, Controlled Studies, Databases, Double-Blind Trial, Drugs, Hand, Hospitalized Chronic-Schizophrenics, Impact, Informed Consent, Journals, Lead, Lithium Maintenance Treatment, Major Depressive Disorder, Medline, Methodology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Prophylactic Lithium, Randomized Controlled-Trials, Research, Review, Risperidone, Science, Statistical, Systematic, Systematic Review, Validity, Web of Science? O’Connor, A.M., Auvermann, B., Bickett-Weddle, D., Kirkhorn, S., Sargeant, J.M., Ramirez, A. and Von Essen, S.G. (2010), The association between proximity to animal feeding operations and community health: A systematic review. PLoS One, 5 (3), Article Number: e9530.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e9530.pdfAbstract: Background: A systematic review was conducted for the association between animal feeding operations (AFOs) and the health of individuals living near AFOs. Methodology/Principal Findings: The review was restricted to studies reporting respiratory, gastrointestinal and mental health outcomes in individuals living near AFOs in North America, European Union, United Kingdom, and Scandinavia. From June to September 2008 searches were conducted in PUBMED, CAB, Web-of-Science, and Agricola with no restrictions. Hand searching of narrative reviews was also used. Two reviewers independently evaluated the role of chance, confounding, information, selection and analytic bias on the study outcome. Nine relevant studies were identified. The studies were heterogeneous with respect to outcomes and exposures assessed. Few studies reported an association between surrogate clinical outcomes and AFO proximity. A negative association was reported when odor was the measure of exposure to AFOs and self-reported disease, the measure of outcome. There was evidence of an association between self-reported disease and proximity to AFO in individuals annoyed by AFO odor. Conclusions/Significance: There was inconsistent evidence of a weak association between self-reported disease in people with allergies or familial history of allergies. No consistent dose response relationship between exposure and disease was observable.Keywords: Air-Pollution, Bias, Confounding, Disease, Dose-Response, Eastern North-Carolina, Environmental Exposure, Epidemiologic Evidence, Exposure, Gastrointestinal, Geographical-Distribution, Health, Health Outcomes, History, Information, Lung-Function, Mental Health, Neighboring Residents, Outcome, Outcomes, Public-Health, Quality-of-Life, Respiratory, Review, Risk-Factors, Systematic, Systematic Review, United Kingdom, Web of Science? Citrome, L. (2010), Citability of original research and reviews in journals and their sponsored supplements. PLoS One, 5 (3), Article Number: e9876.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e9876.pdfAbstract: Background: The contents of pharmaceutical industry sponsored supplements to medical journals are perceived to be less credible than the contents of their parent journals. It is unknown if their contents are cited as often. The objective of this study was to quantify the citability of original research and reviews contained in supplements and compare it with that for the parent journal. Methodology/Principal Findings: This was a cohort study of 446 articles published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (JCP) and its supplements for calendar years 2000 and 2005. The total citation counts for each article up to October 5, 2009 were retrieved from the ISI Web of Science database. The main outcome measure was the number of citations received by an article since publication. Regular journal articles included 114 from calendar year 2000 and 190 from 2005. Articles from supplements included 90 from 2000 and 52 from 2005. The median citation counts for the 3 years post-publication were 10 (interquartile range [IQR], 4-20), 14 (IQR, 8-20), 13.5 (IQR, 8-23), and 13.5 (IQR, 8-20), for the 2000 parent journal, 2000 supplements, 2005 parent journal, and 2005 supplements, respectively. Citation counts were higher for the articles in the supplements than the parent journal for the cohorts from 2000 (p=.02), and no different for the year 2005 cohorts (p=.88). The 2005 parent journal cohort had higher citation counts than the 2000 cohort (p=.007), in contrast to the supplements where citation counts remained the same (p=.94). Conclusions/Significance: Articles published in JCP supplements are robustly cited and thus can be influential in guiding clinical and research practice, as well as shaping critical thinking. Because they are printed under the sponsorship of commercial interests, they may be perceived as less than objective. A reasonable step to help improve this perception would be to ensure that supplements are peer-reviewed in the same way as regular articles in the parent journal.Keywords: Adding Knowledge, Articles, Citation, Citation Counts, Citations, Cohort Study, Drug, Impact Factor, Industry, ISI, Journal, Journals, Medical, Medical Journals, Outcome, Parent, Perception, Policy, Practice, Public Trust, Publication, Quality, Research, Science, Web of Science? Vitzthum, K., Scutaru, C., Musial-Bright, L., Quarcoo, D., Welte, T., Spallek, M. and Groneberg-Kloft, B. (2010), Scientometric analysis and combined density-equalizing mapping of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) research. PLoS One, 5 (6), Article Number: e11254.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e11254.pdfAbstract: Background: Passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is estimated to exert a major burden of disease. Currently, numerous countries have taken legal actions to protect the population against ETS. Numerous studies have been conducted in this field. Therefore, scientometric methods should be used to analyze the accumulated data since there is no such approach available so far. Methods and Results: A combination of scientometric methods and novel visualizing procedures were used, including density-equalizing mapping and radar charting techniques. 6,580 ETS-related studies published between 1900 and 2008 were identified in the ISI database. Using different scientometric approaches, a continuous increase of both quantitative and qualitative parameters was found. The combination with density-equalizing calculations demonstrated a leading position of the United States (2,959 items published) in terms of quantitative research activities. Charting techniques demonstrated that there are numerous bi- and multilateral networks between different countries and institutions in this field. Again, a leading position of American institutions was found. Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive scientometric analysis of data on global scientific activities in the field of environmental tobacco smoke research. The present findings can be used as a benchmark for funding allocation processes.Keywords: Asthma, Cigarette-Smoking, Disease, Exposure, Impact Factors, Index, Occupational-Health, Research Output, Science, Secondhand Smoke? Bj?rk, B.C., Welling, P., Laakso, M., Majlender, P., Hedlund, T. and Gu?nason, G. (2010), Open access to the scientific journal literature: Situation 2009. PLoS One, 5 (6), Article Number: e11273.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e11273.pdfAbstract: Background: The Internet has recently made possible the free global availability of scientific journal articles. Open Access (OA) can occur either via OA scientific journals, or via authors posting manuscripts of articles published in subscription journals in open web repositories. So far there have been few systematic studies showing how big the extent of OA is, in particular studies covering all fields of science.Methodology/Principal Findings: The proportion of peer reviewed scholarly journal articles, which are available openly in full text on the web, was studied using a random sample of 1837 titles and a web search engine. Of articles published in 2008, 8,5% were freely available at the publishers’ sites. For an additional 11,9% free manuscript versions could be found using search engines, making the overall OA percentage 20,4%. Chemistry (13%) had the lowest overall share of OA, Earth Sciences (33%) the highest. In medicine, biochemistry and chemistry publishing in OA journals was more common. In all other fields author-posted manuscript copies dominated the picture.Conclusions/Significance: The results show that OA already has a significant positive impact on the availability of the scientific journal literature and that there are big differences between scientific disciplines in the uptake. Due to the lack of awareness of OA-publishing among scientists in most fields outside physics, the results should be of general interest to all scholars. The results should also interest academic publishers, who need to take into account OA in their business strategies and copyright policies, as well as research funders, who like the NIH are starting to require OA availability of results from research projects they fund. The method and search tools developed also offer a good basis for more in-depth studies as well as longitudinal studies.? Sun, Z.H., Errami, M., Long, T., Renard, C., Choradia, N. and Garner, H. (2010), Systematic characterizations of text similarity in full text biomedical publications. PLoS One, 5 (9) Article Number: Article Number: e12704.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e12704.pdfAbstract: Background: Computational methods have been used to find duplicate biomedical publications in MEDLINE. Full text articles are becoming increasingly available, yet the similarities among them have not been systematically studied. Here, we quantitatively investigated the full text similarity of biomedical publications in PubMed Central. Methodology/Principal Findings: 72,011 full text articles from PubMed Central (PMC) were parsed to generate three different datasets: full texts, sections, and paragraphs. Text similarity comparisons were performed on these datasets using the text similarity algorithm eTBLAST. We measured the frequency of similar text pairs and compared it among different datasets. We found that high abstract similarity can be used to predict high full text similarity with a specificity of 20.1% (95% CI [17.3%, 23.1%]) and sensitivity of 99.999%. Abstract similarity and full text similarity have a moderate correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient: -0.423) when the similarity ratio is above 0.4. Among pairs of articles in PMC, method sections are found to be the most repetitive (frequency of similar pairs, methods: 0.029, introduction: 0.0076, results: 0.0043). In contrast, among a set of manually verified duplicate articles, results are the most repetitive sections (frequency of similar pairs, results: 0.94, methods: 0.89, introduction: 0.82). Repetition of introduction and methods sections is more likely to be committed by the same authors (odds of a highly similar pair having at least one shared author, introduction: 2.31, methods: 1.83, results: 1.03). There is also significantly more similarity in pairs of review articles than in pairs containing one review and one nonreview paper (frequency of similar pairs: 0.0167 and 0.0023, respectively). Conclusion/Significance: While quantifying abstract similarity is an effective approach for finding duplicate citations, a comprehensive full text analysis is necessary to uncover all potential duplicate citations in the scientific literature and is helpful when establishing ethical guidelines for scientific publications.Keywords: Authors, Biomedical, Biomedical Publications, Citations, Deja-Vu, Literature, Medline, Plagiarism, Publications, Pubmed, Review, Scientific Publications, Similarity? Elze, T. (2010), Misspecifications of stimulus presentation durations in experimental psychology: A systematic review of the psychophysics literature. PLoS One, 5 (9), Article Number: e12792.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e12792.pdfAbstract: Background: In visual psychophysics, precise display timing, particularly for brief stimulus presentations, is often required. The aim of this study was to systematically review the commonly applied methods for the computation of stimulus durations in psychophysical experiments and to contrast them with the true luminance signals of stimuli on computer displays. Methodology/Principal Findings: In a first step, we systematically scanned the citation index Web of Science for studies with experiments with stimulus presentations for brief durations. Articles which appeared between 2003 and 2009 in three different journals were taken into account if they contained experiments with stimuli presented for less than 50 milliseconds. The 79 articles that matched these criteria were reviewed for their method of calculating stimulus durations. For those 75 studies where the method was either given or could be inferred, stimulus durations were calculated by the sum of frames (SOF) method. In a second step, we describe the luminance signal properties of the two monitor technologies which were used in the reviewed studies, namely cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors. We show that SOF is inappropriate for brief stimulus presentations on both of these technologies. In extreme cases, SOF specifications and true stimulus durations are even unrelated. Furthermore, the luminance signals of the two monitor technologies are so fundamentally different that the duration of briefly presented stimuli cannot be calculated by a single method for both technologies. Statistics over stimulus durations given in the reviewed studies are discussed with respect to different duration calculation methods. Conclusions/Significance: The SOF method for duration specification which was clearly dominating in the reviewed studies leads to serious misspecifications particularly for brief stimulus presentations. We strongly discourage its use for brief stimulus presentations on CRT and LCD monitors.Keywords: Articles, Attentional Blink, Citation, Citation Index, Computer, Contour, Displays, Journals, Literature, Psychology, Review, Science, Substitution Masking, Systematic, Systematic Review, Task, Web of Science? Arbesman, S. and Laughlin, G. (2010), A scientometric prediction of the discovery of the first potentially habitable planet with a mass similar to earth. PLoS One, 5 (10), Article Number: e13061.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e13061.pdfAbstract: Background: The search for a habitable extrasolar planet has long interested scientists, but only recently have the tools become available to search for such planets. In the past decades, the number of known extrasolar planets has ballooned into the hundreds, and with it, the expectation that the discovery of the first Earth-like extrasolar planet is not far off. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we develop a novel metric of habitability for discovered planets and use this to arrive at a prediction for when the first habitable planet will be discovered. Using a bootstrap analysis of currently discovered exoplanets, we predict the discovery of the first Earth-like planet to be announced in the first half of 2011, with the likeliest date being early May 2011. Conclusions/Significance: Our predictions, using only the properties of previously discovered exoplanets, accord well with external estimates for the discovery of the first potentially habitable extrasolar planet and highlight the the usefulness of predictive scientometric techniques to understand the pace of scientific discovery in many fields.? Bornmann, L., Anegón, F.D. and Leydesdorff, L. (2010), Do scientific advancements lean on the shoulders of giants? A bibliometric investigation of the ortega hypothesis. PLoS One, 5 (10), Article Number: e13327.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e13327.pdfAbstract: Background: In contrast to Newton’s well-known aphorism that he had been able “to see further only by standing on the shoulders of giants,” one attributes to the Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset the hypothesis saying that top-level research cannot be successful without a mass of medium researchers on which the top rests comparable to an iceberg. Methodology/Principal Findings: The Ortega hypothesis predicts that highly-cited papers and medium-cited (or lowly-cited) papers would equally refer to papers with a medium impact. The Newton hypothesis would be supported if the top-level research more frequently cites previously highly-cited work than that medium-level research cites highly-cited work. Our analysis is based on (i) all articles and proceedings papers which were published in 2003 in the life sciences, health sciences, physical sciences, and social sciences, and (II) all articles and proceeding papers which were cited within these publications. The results show that highly-cited work in all scientific fields more frequently cites previously highly-cited papers than that medium-cited work cites highly-cited work. Conclusions/Significance: We demonstrate that papers contributing to the scientific progress in a field lean to a larger extent on previously important contributions than papers contributing little. These findings support the Newton hypothesis and call into question the Ortega hypothesis (given our usage of citation counts as a proxy for impact).Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Counts, Indicators, ISI, Journal-Citation-Reports, Publications, Research, Researchers, Science, Scopus? Glynn, R.W., Chin, J.Z., Kerin, M.J. and Sweeney, K.J. (2010), Representation of cancer in the medical literature - A bibliometric analysis. PLoS One, 5 (11), Article Number: e13902.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e13902.pdfAbstract: Background: There exists a lack of knowledge regarding the quantity and quality of scientific yield in relation to individual cancer types. We aimed to measure the proportion, quality and relevance of oncology-related articles, and to relate this output to their associated disease burden. By incorporating the impact factor(IF) and Eigenfactor (TM)(EF) into our analysis we also assessed the relationship between these indices and the output under study. Methods: All publications in 2007 were retrieved for the 26 most common cancers. The top 20 journals ranked by IF and EF in general medicine and oncology, and the presence of each malignancy within these titles was analysed. Journals publishing most prolifically on each cancer were identified and their impact assessed. Principal Findings: 63260 (PubMed) and 126845 (WoS) entries were generated, respectively. 26 neoplasms accounted for 25% of total output from the top medical publications. 5 cancers dominated the first quartile of output in the top oncology journals; breast, prostate, lung, and intestinal cancer, and leukaemia. Journals associated with these cancers were associated with much higher IFs and EFs than those journals associated with the other cancer types under study, although these measures were not equivalent across all sub-specialties. In addition, yield on each cancer was related to its disease burden as measured by its incidence and prevalence. Conclusions: Oncology enjoys disproportionate representation in the more prestigious medical journals. 5 cancers dominate yield, although this attention is justified given their associated disease burden. The commonly used IF and the recently introduced EF do not correlate in the assessment of the preeminent oncology journals, nor at the level of individual malignancies; there is a need to delineate between proxy measures of quality and the relevance of output when assessing its merit. These results raise significant questions regarding the best method of assessment of research and scientific output in the field of oncology.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric Analysis, CA, Cancer, Field, Impact Factor, Journals, Libraries, Library, Literature, Medical, Medical Journals, Medicine, Output, Public-Libraries, Publications, Publishing, Pubmed, Research, Science, Sciences, Scientific Output, Scopus, Strengths, USA, Weaknesses, Web-of-Science? Gao, Q.A., Liu, F.B., Zhang, T.C., Zhang, J.A., Jia, S.R., Yu, C.Y., Jiang, K.Y. and Gao, N.F. (2010), The role of lactic acid adsorption by ion exchange chromatography. PLoS One, 5 (11), Article Number: e13948.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e13948.pdfAbstract: Background: The polyacrylic resin Amberlite IRA-67 is a promising adsorbent for lactic acid extraction from aqueous solution, but little systematic research has been devoted to the separation efficiency of lactic acid under different operating conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this paper, we investigated the effects of temperature, resin dose and lactic acid loading concentration on the adsorption of lactic acid by Amberlite IRA-67 in batch kinetic experiments. The obtained kinetic data followed the pseudo-second order model well and both the equilibrium and ultimate adsorption slightly decreased with the increase of the temperature at 293-323K and 42.5 g/liter lactic acid loading concentration. The adsorption was a chemically heterogeneous process with a mean free energy value of 12.18 kJ/mol. According to the Boyd plot, the lactic acid uptake process was primarily found to be an intraparticle diffusion at a lower concentration (<50 g/liter) but a film diffusion at a higher concentration (>70 g/liter). The values of effective diffusion coefficient D-i increased with temperature. By using our Equation (21), the negative values of Delta G degrees and Delta H degrees revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Moreover, the negative value of Delta S degrees reflected the decrease of solid-liquid interface randomness at the solid-liquid interface when adsorbing lactic acid on IRA-67. Conclusions/Significance: With the weakly basic resin IRA-67, in situ product removal of lactic acid can be accomplished especially from an open and thermophilic fermentation system without sterilization.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Batch, Bioreactor, Chromatography, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficient, Equilibrium, Extraction, Fermentation, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetic, Model, Operating Conditions, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Recovery, Removal, Research, Resin, Separation, Sorption, System, Temperature, Uptake, Waste? Pietschnig, J., Voracek, M. and Formann, A.K. (2010), Pervasiveness of the IQ rise: A cross-temporal meta-analysis. PLoS One, 5 (12), Article Number: e14406.Full Text: 2010\Plo ONE5, e14406.pdfAbstract: Background: Generational IQ gains in the general population (termed the Flynn effect) show an erratic pattern across different nations as well as across different domains of intelligence (fluid vs crystallized). Gains of fluid intelligence in different countries have been subject to extensive research, but less attention was directed towards gains of crystallized intelligence, probably due to evidence from the Anglo-American sphere suggesting only slight gains on this measure. In the present study, development of crystallized intelligence in the German speaking general population is assessed. Methodology/Principal Findings: To investigate whether IQ gains for crystallized intelligence are in progress in German-speaking countries, two independent meta-analyses were performed. By means of a cited reference search in ISI Web of Science, all studies citing test manuals and review articles of two widely-used salient measures of crystallized intelligence were obtained. Additionally, the electronic database for German academic theses was searched to identify unpublished studies employing these tests. All studies reporting participants mean IQ or raw scores of at least one of the two measures were included in the present analyses, yielding over 500 studies (>1,000 samples; >45,000 individuals). We found a significant positive association between years of test performance and intelligence (1971-2007) amounting to about 3.5 IQ points per decade. Conclusions/Significance: This study clearly demonstrates that crystallized IQ gains are substantial and of comparable strength as Flynn effects typically observed for measures of fluid intelligence in Central Europe. Since mean IQ was assessed in a large number of small, non-representative samples, our evidence suggests a remarkable robustness of these gains. Moreover, in both meta-analyses strength of gains was virtually identical. On the whole, results of the present study demonstrate a pervasive and generalizing Flynn effect in German-speaking countries.Keywords: Attention, Development, Europe, Fluid Intelligence, Gains, ISI, Points, Recent Decline, Research, Review, Robustness, Science, Strength, Tests, Vocabulary, Web of Science? Wu, J.A., Ye, S.Y., Xu, X.F., Xie, H.Y., Zhou, L. and Zheng, S.S. (2011), Recipient outcomes after ABO-incompatible liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 6 (1), Article Number: e16521.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e16521.pdfAbstract: Background: ABO-incompatible live transplantation (ILT) is not occasionally performed due to a relative high risk of graft failure. Knowledge of both graft and patient survival rate after ILT is essential for donor selection and therapeutic strategy. We systematically reviewed studies containing outcomes after ILT compared to that after ABO-compatible liver transplantation (CLT). Methodology/Principal Findings: We carried out a comprehensive search strategy on MEDLINE (1966-July 2010), EMBASE (1980-July 2010), Biosis Preview (1969-July 2010), Science Citation Index (1981-July 2010), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Library, issue 7, 2010) and the National Institute of Health (July 2010). Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of each study and abstracted outcome data. Fourteen eligible studies were included which came from various medical centers all over the world. Meta-analysis results showed that no significantly statistical difference was found in pediatric graft survival rate, pediatric and adult patient survival rate between ILT and CLT group. In adult subgroup, the graft survival rate after ILT was significantly lower than that after CLT. The value of totally pooled OR was 0.64 (0.55, 0.74), 0.92 (0.62, 1.38) for graft survival rate and patient survival rate respectively. The whole complication incidence (including acute rejection and biliary complication) after ILT was higher than that after CLT, as the value of totally pooled OR was 3.02 (1.33, 6.85). Similarly, in acute rejection subgroup, the value of OR was 2.02 (1.01, 4.02). However, it was 4.08 (0.90, 18.51) in biliary complication subgroup. Conclusions/Significance: In our view, pediatric ILT has not been a contraindication anymore due to a similar graft and patient survival rate between ILT and CLT group. Though adult graft survival rate is not so satisfactory, ILT is undoubtedly life-saving under exigent condition. Most studies included in our analysis are observational researches. Larger scale of researches and Randomized-Control Studies are still needed.Keywords: Adult, Age, Analysis, Biliary Complications, Blood-Group Barriers, Children, Citation, Complication, Data, Failure, Fibrosis, Graft, Hepatitis-C, Immunosuppression, Incidence, Liver, Liver Transplantation, Medical, Medline, Observational, Outcome, Outcomes, Pediatric, Plasmapheresis, Quality, Quality of, Rejection, Risk, Scale, Science, Science Citation Index, Search Strategy, Single-Center Experience, Strategy, Survival, Survival Rate, Therapeutic, Transplantation, Value, World? Karageorgopoulos, D.E., Lamnatou, V., Sardi, T.A., Gkegkes, I.D. and Falagas, M.E. (2011), Temporal trends in the impact factor of European versus USA biomedical journals. PLoS One, 6 (2), Article Number: e16300.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e16300.pdfAbstract: Background: The impact factors of biomedical journals tend to rise over time. We sought to assess the trend in the impact factor, during the past decade, of journals published on behalf of United States (US) and European scientific societies, in four select biomedical subject categories (Biology, Cell Biology, Critical Care Medicine, and Infectious Diseases). Methods: We identified all journals included in the above-mentioned subject categories of Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports (R) for the years 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008. We selected those that were published on behalf of US or European scientific societies, as documented in journal websites. Results: We included 167 journals (35 in the subject category of Biology, 79 in Cell Biology, 27 in Critical Care Medicine, and 26 in Infectious Diseases). Between 1999 and 2008, the percentage increase in the impact factor of the European journals was higher than for the US journals (73.7 +/- 110.0% compared with 39.7 +/- 70.0%, p = 0.049). Regarding specific subject categories, the percentage change in the factor of the European journals tended to be higher than the respective US journals for Cell Biology (61.7% versus 16.3%), Critical Care Medicine (212.4% versus 65.4%), Infectious Diseases (88.3% versus 48.7%), whereas the opposite was observed for journals in Biology (41.0% versus 62.5%). Conclusion: Journals published on behalf of European scientific societies, in select biomedical fields, may tend to close the “gap” in impact factor compared with those of US societies. What’s Already Known About This Topic? The impact factors of biomedical journals tend to rise through years. The leading positions in productivity in biomedical research are held by developed countries, including those from North America and Western Europe. What Does This Article Add? The journals from European biomedical scientific societies tended, over the past decade, to increase their impact factor more than the respective US journals.Keywords: Author, Biomedical, Biomedical Research, Citation, Europe, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Methods, Publication, Research, Subject Category, Trend, Trends, US? Rosas, S.R., Kagan, J.M., Schouten, J.T., Slack, P.A. and Trochim, W.M.K. (2011), Evaluating research and impact: A bibliometric analysis of research by the NIH/NIAID HIV/AIDS clinical trials networks. PLoS One, 6 (3), Article Number: e17428.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e17428.pdfAbstract: Evaluative bibliometrics uses advanced techniques to assess the impact of scholarly work in the context of other scientific work and usually compares the relative scientific contributions of research groups or institutions. Using publications from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) HIV/AIDS extramural clinical trials networks, we assessed the presence, performance, and impact of papers published in 2006-2008. Through this approach, we sought to expand traditional bibliometric analyses beyond citation counts to include normative comparisons across journals and fields, visualization of co-authorship across the networks, and assess the inclusion of publications in reviews and syntheses. Specifically, we examined the research output of the networks in terms of the a) presence of papers in the scientific journal hierarchy ranked on the basis of journal influence measures, b) performance of publications on traditional bibliometric measures, and c) impact of publications in comparisons with similar publications worldwide, adjusted for journals and fields. We also examined collaboration and interdisciplinarity across the initiative, through network analysis and modeling of co-authorship patterns. Finally, we explored the uptake of network produced publications in research reviews and syntheses. Overall, the results suggest the networks are producing highly recognized work, engaging in extensive interdisciplinary collaborations, and having an impact across several areas of HIV-related science. The strengths and limitations of the approach for evaluation and monitoring research initiatives are discussed.Keywords: Africa, Aids Literature, Analyses, Analysis, Approach, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analyses, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Counts, Clinical, Clinical Trials, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Collaborations, Context, Evaluation, HIV, Aids, Impact, Institutions, Interdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinary, Journal, Journal Influence, Journals, Latin-America, Mar, Metrics, Modeling, Monitoring, Network, Network Analysis, Networks, Output, Papers, Performance, Publications, Research, Reviews, Science, Scientific Journal, Techniques, Uptake, Visualization, Work? Derrick, G.E., Haynes, A., Chapman, S. and Hall, W.D. (2011), The association between four citation metrics and peer rankings of research influence of australian researchers in six fields of public health. PLoS One, 6 (4), Article Number: e18521.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e18521.pdfAbstract: Doubt about the relevance, appropriateness and transparency of peer review has promoted the use of citation metrics as a viable adjunct or alternative in the assessment of research impact. It is also commonly acknowledged that research metrics will not replace peer review unless they are shown to correspond with the assessment of peers. This paper evaluates the relationship between researchers’ influence as evaluated by their peers and various citation metrics representing different aspects of research output in 6 fields of public health in Australia. For four fields, the results showed a modest positive correlation between different research metrics and peer assessments of research influence. However, for two fields, tobacco and injury, negative or no correlations were found. This suggests a peer understanding of research influence within these fields differed from visibility in the mainstream, peer-reviewed scientific literature. This research therefore recommends the use of both peer review and metrics in a combined approach in assessing research influence. Future research evaluation frameworks intent on incorporating metrics should first analyse each field closely to determine what measures of research influence are valued highly by members of that research community. This will aid the development of comprehensive and relevant frameworks with which to fairly and transparently distribute research funds or approve promotion applications.Keywords: Alternative, Approach, Assessing, Assessment, Assessments, Australia, Australian, Citation, Community, Correlation, Correlations, Development, Evaluation, Field, First, h-Index, Health, Hirsch-Index, Impact, Indicators, Injury, Literature, Metrics, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Peer-Reviewed, Promotion, Public, Public Health, R-Index, Rankings, Relevance, Research, Research Evaluation, Review, Scientific Literature, Standard Bibliometric Measures, Tobacco, Transparency, Understanding, Variants, Visibility? Andersen, J.H., Fallentin, N., Thomsen, J.F. and Mikkelsen, S. (2011), Risk factors for neck and upper extremity disorders among computers users and the effect of interventions: An overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One, 6 (5), Article Number: e19691.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e19691.pdfAbstract: Background: To summarize systematic reviews that 1) assessed the evidence for causal relationships between computer work and the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs), or 2) reported on intervention studies among computer users/or office workers. Methodology/Principal Findings: PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for reviews published between 1999 and 2010. Additional publications were provided by content area experts. The primary author extracted all data using a purpose-built form, while two of the authors evaluated the quality of the reviews using recommended standard criteria from AMSTAR; disagreements were resolved by discussion. The quality of evidence syntheses in the included reviews was assessed qualitatively for each outcome and for the interventions. Altogether, 1,349 review titles were identified, 47 reviews were retrieved for full text relevance assessment, and 17 reviews were finally included as being relevant and of sufficient quality. The degrees of focus and rigorousness of these 17 reviews were highly variable. Three reviews on risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome were rated moderate to high quality, 8 reviews on risk factors for UEMSDs ranged from low to moderate/high quality, and 6 reviews on intervention studies were of moderate to high quality. The quality of the evidence for computer use as a risk factor for CTS was insufficient, while the evidence for computer use and UEMSDs was moderate regarding pain complaints and limited for specific musculoskeletal disorders. From the reviews on intervention studies no strong evidence based recommendations could be given. Conclusions/Significance: Computer use is associated with pain complaints, but it is still not very clear if this association is causal. The evidence for specific disorders or diseases is limited. No effective interventions have yet been documented.Keywords: Assessment, Author, Authors, Back-Pain, Carpal-Tunnel-Syndrome, Computer, Ct, Effective Interventions, Ergonomic Interventions, Factors, Intervention, Intervention Studies, Interventions, Keyboard Use, Measurement Tool, Methodological Quality, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Office Workers, Outcome, Pain, Primary, Publications, Pubmed, Review, Risk, Risk Factor, Risk Factors, Science, Shoulder, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Reviews, Web of Science? Rodriguez-Navarro, A. (2011), A simple index for the high-citation tail of citation distribution to quantify research performance in countries and institutions. PLoS One, 6 (5), Article Number: e20510.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e20510.pdfAbstract: Background: Conventional scientometric predictors of research performance such as the number of papers, citations, and papers in the top 1% of highly cited papers cannot be validated in terms of the number of Nobel Prize achievements across countries and institutions. The purpose of this paper is to find a bibliometric indicator that correlates with the number of Nobel Prize achievements. Methodology/Principal Findings: This study assumes that the high-citation tail of citation distribution holds most of the information about high scientific performance. Here I propose the x-index, which is calculated from the number of national articles in the top 1% and 0.1% of highly cited papers and has a subtractive term to discount highly cited papers that are not scientific breakthroughs. The x-index, the number of Nobel Prize achievements, and the number of national articles in Nature or Science are highly correlated. The high correlations among these independent parameters demonstrate that they are good measures of high scientific performance because scientific excellence is their only common characteristic. However, the x-index has superior features as compared to the other two parameters. Nobel Prize achievements are low frequency events and their number is an imprecise indicator, which in addition is zero in most institutions; the evaluation of research making use of the number of publications in prestigious journals is not advised. Conclusion: The x-index is a simple and precise indicator for high research performance.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citations, Cited Papers, Co-Authorship, h-Index, Information, Journals, Nobel-Prizes, Papers, Patent Citations, Publications, Research, Research Assessment Exercise, Research Output, Research Performance, Revolutionary Science, Scientific Impact? Vang, O., Ahmad, N., Baile, C.A., Baur, J.A., Brown, K., Csiszar, A., Das, D.K., Delmas, D., Gottfried, C., Lin, H.Y., Ma, Q.Y., Mukhopadhyay, P., Nalini, N., Pezzuto, J.M., Richard, T., Shukla, Y., Surh, Y.J., Szekeres, T., Szkudelski, T., Walle, T. and Wu, J.M. (2011), What is new for an old molecule? Systematic review and recommendations on the use of resveratrol. PLoS One, 6 (6), Article Number: e19881.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e19881.pdfAbstract: Background: Resveratrol is a natural compound suggested to have beneficial health effects. However, people are consuming resveratrol for this reason without having the adequate scientific evidence for its effects in humans. Therefore, scientific valid recommendations concerning the human intake of resveratrol based on available published scientific data are necessary. Such recommendations were formulated after the Resveratrol 2010 conference, held in September 2010 in Helsingor, Denmark. Methodology: Literature search in databases as PUBMED and ISI Web of Science in combination with manual search was used to answer the following five questions: (1)Can resveratrol be recommended in the prevention or treatment of human diseases?; (2)Are there observed “side effects” caused by the intake of resveratrol in humans?; (3)What is the relevant dose of resveratrol?; (4)What valid data are available regarding an effect in various species of experimental animals?; (5)Which relevant (overall) mechanisms of action of resveratrol have been documented? Conclusions/Significance: The overall conclusion is that the published evidence is not sufficiently strong to justify a recommendation for the administration of resveratrol to humans, beyond the dose which can be obtained from dietary sources. On the other hand, animal data are promising in prevention of various cancer types, coronary heart diseases and diabetes which strongly indicate the need for human clinical trials. Finally, we suggest directions for future research in resveratrol regarding its mechanism of action and its safety and toxicology in human subjects.Keywords: Aberrant Crypt Foci, Activated Protein-Kinase, Cancer, Cancer Chemopreventive Agent, Cells In-Vitro, Clinical Trials, Databases, Diabetes, Fatty Liver-Disease, Hand, Human, Humans, Induced Diabetic-Rats, ISI, Kappa-B Activation, Literature, Mechanism, Mechanism of Action, Methodology, Prevention, Pubmed, Red Wine, Research, Review, Safety, Science, Spinal-Cord-Injury, Systematic, Systematic Review, Traumatic Brain-Injury, Treatment, Web of Science? Wu, Y.H., Shi, Y., Wu, H., Bian, C., Tang, Q., Xu, G. and Yang, J. (2011), Efficacy and safety of abciximab in diabetic patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with thienopyridines loading: A meta-analysis. PLoS One, 6 (6), Article Number: e20759.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e20759.pdfAbstract: Background: It has been controversial whether abciximab offered additional benefits for diabetic patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with thienopyridines loading. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library clinical trials registry, ISI Science Citation Index, ISI Web of Knowledge and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched, supplemented with manual-screening for relevant publications. Quantitative meta-analyses were performed to assess differences between abciximab groups and controls with respect to post-PCI risk of major cardiac events (MACEs), angiographic restenosis and bleeding complications. Results: 9 trials were identified, involving 2,607 diabetic patients receiving PCI for coronary artery diseases. Among those patients who underwent elective PCI or primary PCI, pooling results showed that abciximab did not significantly reduce risks of MACEs (for elective-PCI patients: RR1-month: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.60-1.44; RR1-year: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.81-1.11; for primary-PCI patients: RR1-month: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.70-1.57; RR1-year: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.80-1.21), nor all-cause mortality, re-infarction and angiographic restenosis in either group. The only beneficial effect by abciximab appeared to be a decrease 1-year TLR (target lesion revascularization) risk in elective-PCI patients (RR1-year: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.99). Moreover, occurrence of minor bleeding complications increased in elective-PCI patients treated with abciximab (RR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.68-5.13, P<0.001), whereas major bleedings rate was similar (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.27-2.57). Conclusions: Concomitant dosing of abciximab and thienopyridines provides no additional benefit among diabetic patients who underwent PCI; this conclusion, though, needs further confirmation in larger studies.Keywords: Acute Myocardial-Infarction, China, Citation, Clinical Trials, Clinical-Trial, College-of-Cardiology, Embase, Glycoprotein IIB, IIIA-Receptor, IIB-IIIA, Knowledge, Medline, Nondiabetic Patients, One-Year Outcomes, Platelet Inhibition, Primary, Publications, Randomized-Trial, Science Citation Index, St-Segment-Elevation? Chen, Y.C., Wu, J.C., Haschler, I., Majeed, A., Chen, T.J. and Wetter, T. (2011), Academic impact of a public electronic health database: Bibliometric analysis of studies using the general practice research database. PLoS One, 6 (6), Article Number: e21404.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e21404.pdfAbstract: Background: Studies that use electronic health databases as research material are getting popular but the influence of a single electronic health database had not been well investigated yet. The United Kingdom’s General Practice Research Database (GPRD) is one of the few electronic health databases publicly available to academic researchers. This study analyzed studies that used GPRD to demonstrate the scientific production and academic impact by a single public health database. Methodology and Findings: A total of 749 studies published between 1995 and 2009 with ‘General Practice Research Database’ as their topics, defined as GPRD studies, were extracted from Web of Science. By the end of 2009, the GPRD had attracted 1251 authors from 22 countries and been used extensively in 749 studies published in 193 journals across 58 study fields. Each GPRD study was cited 2.7 times by successive studies. Moreover, the total number of GPRD studies increased rapidly, and it is expected to reach 1500 by 2015, twice the number accumulated till the end of 2009. Since 17 of the most prolific authors (1.4% of all authors) contributed nearly half (47.9%) of GPRD studies, success in conducting GPRD studies may accumulate. The GPRD was used mainly in, but not limited to, the three study fields of “Pharmacology and Pharmacy”, “General and Internal Medicine’, and “Public, Environmental and Occupational Health”. The UK and United States were the two most active regions of GPRD studies. One-third of GRPD studies were internationally co-authored. Conclusions: A public electronic health database such as the GPRD will promote scientific production in many ways. Data owners of electronic health databases at a national level should consider how to reduce access barriers and to make data more available for research.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Care Utilization Databases, Claims Data, Databases, Drug Safety, Epidemiologic Research, Growth, Impact, Insurance Research, Journals, Methodology, Pharmacoepidemiology, Public Health, Research, Web of Science? Piwowar, H.A. (2011), Who shares? Who doesn’t? Factors associated with openly archiving raw research data. PLoS One, 6 (7), Article Number: e18657.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e18657.pdfAbstract: Many initiatives encourage investigators to share their raw datasets in hopes of increasing research efficiency and quality. Despite these investments of time and money, we do not have a firm grasp of who openly shares raw research data, who doesn’t, and which initiatives are correlated with high rates of data sharing. In this analysis I use bibliometric methods to identify patterns in the frequency with which investigators openly archive their raw gene expression microarray datasets after study publication. Automated methods identified 11,603 articles published between 2000 and 2009 that describe the creation of gene expression microarray data. Associated datasets in best-practice repositories were found for 25% of these articles, increasing from less than 5% in 2001 to 30%-35% in 2007-2009. Accounting for sensitivity of the automated methods, approximately 45% of recent gene expression studies made their data publicly available. First-order factor analysis on 124 diverse bibliometric attributes of the data creation articles revealed 15 factors describing authorship, funding, institution, publication, and domain environments. In multivariate regression, authors were most likely to share data if they had prior experience sharing or reusing data, if their study was published in an open access journal or a journal with a relatively strong data sharing policy, or if the study was funded by a large number of NIH grants. Authors of studies on cancer and human subjects were least likely to make their datasets available. These results suggest research data sharing levels are still low and increasing only slowly, and data is least available in areas where it could make the biggest impact. Let’s learn from those with high rates of sharing to embrace the full potential of our research output.Keywords: Authors, Authorship, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Methods, Cancer, Factor-Analysis, Genetics, Human, Impact, Information, Journal, Life Sciences, Microarray Data, Motivation, National-Survey, NIH, Open Access, Policy, Profiles, Public Repositories, Publication, Research, Research Output, Submission? Chavez-Tapia, N.C., Alfaro-Lara, R., Tellez-Avila, F., Barrientos-Gutierrez, T., Gonzalez-Chon, O., Mendez-Sanchez, N. and Uribe, M. (2011), Prophylactic activated recombinant factor VII in liver resection and liver transplantation: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 6 (7), Article Number: e22581.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e22581.pdfAbstract: Background and Aim: Intraoperative blood loss is a frequent complication of hepatic resection and orthotopic liver transplantation. Recombinant activated coagulation factor VII (rFVIIa) is a coagulation protein that induces hemostasis by directly activating factor X. There is no clear information about the prophylactic value of rFVIIa in hepatobiliary surgery, specifically in liver resection and orthotopic liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of rFVIIa prophylaxis to prevent mortality and bleeding resulting from hepatobiliary surgery. Methods: Relevant randomized trials were identified by searching The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index. Randomized clinical trials comparing different rFVIIa prophylactic schemas against placebo or no intervention to prevent bleeding in hepatobiliary surgery were included. Adults undergoing liver resection, partial hepatectomy, or orthotopic liver transplantation were included. Dichotomous data were analyzed calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Continuous data were analyzed calculating mean differences (MD) and 95% CIs. Results: Four randomized controlled trials were included. There were no significant differences between rFVIIa and placebo for mortality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.35-2.62), red blood cell units (MD 0.32; 95% CI -0.08-0.72) or adverse events (OR 1.55; 95% CI 0.97-2.49). Conclusions: The available information is limited, precluding the ability to draw conclusions regarding bleeding prophylaxis in hepatobiliary surgery using rFVIIa. Although an apparent lack of effect was observed in all outcomes studied, further research is needed.Keywords: Adults, Citation, Clinical Trials, Double-Blind, Efficacy, Embase, Hemorrhage, Information, Intervention, Medline, Outcomes, Randomized Controlled Trials, Research, Review, Safety, Science, Science Citation Index, Surgery, Trial? Eom, Y.H. and Fortunato, S. (2011), Characterizing and modeling citation dynamics. PLoS One, 6 (9), Article Number: e24926.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e24926.pdfAbstract: Citation distributions are crucial for the analysis and modeling of the activity of scientists. We investigated bibliometric data of papers published in journals of the American Physical Society, searching for the type of function which best describes the observed citation distributions. We used the goodness of fit with Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics for three classes of functions: log-normal, simple power law and shifted power law. The shifted power law turns out to be the most reliable hypothesis for all citation networks we derived, which correspond to different time spans. We find that citation dynamics is characterized by bursts, usually occurring within a few years since publication of a paper, and the burst size spans several orders of magnitude. We also investigated the microscopic mechanisms for the evolution of citation networks, by proposing a linear preferential attachment with time dependent initial attractiveness. The model successfully reproduces the empirical citation distributions and accounts for the presence of citation bursts as well.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Citation, Citation Distributions, Citation Networks, Competition, Distributions, Dynamics, Evolution, Impact, Journals, Mechanisms, Model, Modeling, Papers, Power, Preferential Attachment, Publication, Random Networks, Science, Scientific Publication, Statistics, Tails? Engel, M.E., Stander, R., Vogel, J., Adeyemo, A.A. and Mayosi, B.M. (2011), Genetic susceptibility to acute rheumatic fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis of twin studies. PLoS One, 6 (9), Article Number: e25326.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e25326.pdfAbstract: Background: Acute rheumatic fever is considered to be a heritable condition, but the magnitude of the genetic effect is unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of twin studies of concordance of acute rheumatic fever in order to derive quantitative estimates of the size of the genetic effect. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from their inception to 31 January 2011, and bibliographies of retrieved articles, for twin studies of the concordance for acute rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease in monozygotic versus dizygotic twins that used accepted diagnostic criteria for acute rheumatic fever and zygosity without age, gender or language restrictions. Twin similarity was measured by probandwise concordance rate and odds ratio (OR), and aggregate probandwise concordance risk was calculated by combining raw data from each study. ORs from separate studies were combined by random-effects meta-analysis to evaluate association between zygosity status and concordance. Heritability was estimated by fitting a variance components model to the data. Results: 435 twin pairs from six independent studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled probandwise concordance risk for acute rheumatic fever was 44% in monozygotic twins and 12% in dizygotic twins, and the association between zygosity and concordance was strong (OR 6.39; 95% confidence interval, 3.39 to 12.06; P<0.001), with no significant study heterogeneity (P = 0.768). The estimated heritability across all the studies was 60%. Conclusions: Acute rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disorder with a high heritability. The discovery of all genetic susceptibility loci through whole genome scanning may provide a clinically useful genetic risk prediction tool for acute rheumatic fever and its sequel, rheumatic heart disease.Keywords: Acute, Cancer, Disease, Disorder, Embase, Familial Disease, Fever, Gender, Genetic, Genetic Risk, Genetic Susceptibility, Genome, Google Scholar, ISI, ISI Web of Science, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Model, Monozygotic, Quantitative, Ratio, Review, Risk, Science, Susceptibility, Systematic, Systematic Review, Twin Studies, Twins, Web of Science? Fisher, R., Knowlton, N., Brainard, R.E. and Caley, M.J. (2011), Differences among major Taxa in the extent of ecological knowledge across four major ecosystems. PLoS One, 6 (11), Article Number: e26556.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e26556.pdfAbstract: Existing knowledge shapes our understanding of ecosystems and is critical for ecosystem-based management of the world’s natural resources. Typically this knowledge is biased among taxa, with some taxa far better studied than others, but the extent of this bias is poorly known. In conjunction with the publically available World Registry of Marine Species database (WoRMS) and one of the world’s premier electronic scientific literature databases (Web of Science (R)), a text mining approach is used to examine the distribution of existing ecological knowledge among taxa in coral reef, mangrove, seagrass and kelp bed ecosystems. We found that for each of these ecosystems, most research has been limited to a few groups of organisms. While this bias clearly reflects the perceived importance of some taxa as commercially or ecologically valuable, the relative lack of research of other taxonomic groups highlights the problem that some key taxa and associated ecosystem processes they affect may be poorly understood or completely ignored. The approach outlined here could be applied to any type of ecosystem for analyzing previous research effort and identifying knowledge gaps in order to improve ecosystem-based conservation and management.Keywords: Assemblages, Bias, Biodiversity, Coral-Reef Ecosystems, Databases, Diversity, Future, Knowledge, Literature, Management, Marine Ecosystems, Natural, Registry, Research, Resilience, Science, Scientific Literature, Seagrass Meadows, Species Richness, Text Mining, Web of Science? Adam, T., Ahmad, S., Bigdeli, M., Ghaffar, A. and Rottingen, J.A. (2011), Trends in health policy and systems research over the past decade: Still too little capacity in low-income countries. PLoS One, 6 (11), Article Number: e27263.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e27263.pdfAbstract: Background: The past decade has seen several high-level events and documents committing to strengthening the field of health policy and systems research (HPSR) as a critical input to strengthening health systems. Specifically, they called for increased production, capacity to undertake and funding for HPSR. The objective of this paper is to assess the extent to which progress has been achieved, an important feedback for stakeholders in this field. Methods and Finding: Two sources of data have been used. The first is a bibliometric analysis to assess growth in production of HPSR between 2003 and 2009. The six building blocks of the health system were used to define the scope of this search. The second is a survey of 96 research institutions undertaken in 2010 to assess the capacity and funding availability to undertake HPSR, compared with findings from the same survey undertaken in 2000 and 2008. Both analyses focus on HPSR relevant to low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Overall, we found an increasing trend of publications on HPSR in LMICs, although only 4% were led by authors from low-income countries (LICs). This is consistent with findings from the institutional survey, where despite improvements in infrastructure of research institutions, a minimal change has been seen in the level of experience of researchers within LIC institutions. Funding availability in LICs has increased notably to institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa; nonetheless, the overall increase has been modest in all regions. Conclusion: Although progress has been made in both the production and funding availability for HPSR, capacity to undertake the research locally has grown at a much slower pace, particularly in LICs where there is most need for this research. A firm commitment to dedicate a proportion of all future funding for research to building capacity may be the only solution to turn the tide.Keywords: Africa, Analysis, And Middle-Income Countries, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Capacity, Feedback, Funding, Growth, Health, Health Policy, Health Systems, Methods, Policy, Publications, Research, Research Institutions, Researchers, Sub-Saharan Africa, Survey, Trend, Trends? Carbon, C.C. (2011), The Carbon_h-factor: predicting individuals’ research impact at early stages of their career. PLoS One, 6 (12), Article Number: e28770.Full Text: 2011\Plo ONE6, e28770.pdfAbstract: Assessing an individual’s research impact on the basis of a transparent algorithm is an important task for evaluation and comparison purposes. Besides simple but also inaccurate indices such as counting the mere number of publications or the accumulation of overall citations, and highly complex but also overwhelming full-range publication lists in their raw format, Hirsch (2005) introduced a single figure cleverly combining different approaches. The so-called h-index has undoubtedly become the standard in scientometrics of individuals’ research impact (note: in the present paper I will always use the term “research impact” to describe the research performance as the logic of the paper is based on the h-index, which quantifies the specific “impact” of, e. g., researchers, but also because the genuine meaning of impact refers to quality as well). As the h-index reflects the number h of papers a researcher has published with at least h citations, the index is inherently positively biased towards senior level researchers. This might sometimes be problematic when predictive tools are needed for assessing young scientists’ potential, especially when recruiting early career positions or equipping young scientists’ labs. To be compatible with the standard h-index, the proposed index integrates the scientist’s research age (Carbon_h-factor) into the h-index, thus reporting the average gain of h-index per year. Comprehensive calculations of the Carbon_h-factor were made for a broad variety of four research-disciplines (economics, neuroscience, physics and psychology) and for researchers performing on three high levels of research impact (substantial, outstanding and epochal) with ten researchers per category. For all research areas and output levels we obtained linear developments of the h-index demonstrating the validity of predicting one’s later impact in terms of research impact already at an early stage of their career with the Carbon_h-factor being approx. 0.4, 0.8, and 1.5 for substantial, outstanding and epochal researchers, respectively.Keywords: As, Citations, Economics, Evaluation, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Impact, Individuals, Neuroscience, Papers, Policy, Publication, Publications, Quality, Research, Research Impact, Research Performance, Researchers, Science, Scientometrics, ValidityTitle: PoeticsFull Journal Title: PoeticsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Polish Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorMartindale, C. (1995), Fame more fickle than fortune: On the distribution of literary eminence. Poetics, 23 (3), 219-234.Full Text: P\Poetics23, 219.pdfAbstract: Rather than being distributed normally, a number of phenomena - e.g., income, scientific productivity, the frequency with which words are used - are distributed in a skewed or J-shaped fashion. For example, the number of people receiving an income of at least X decreases exponentially as X increases. Literary fame, as defined by the number of books devoted to an author, was investigated for 602 British poets, 108 French poets, and 51 American poets. Unsurprisingly, it was found that fame, so defined, is allocated in an extremely skewed fashion: A very large number of books are devoted to a very small number of authors. The distribution of literary fame is much more skewed than the distribution of income or scientific productivity. More surprisingly, a simple equation accounts almost perfectly for the distribution of literary fame. Literary fame does not follow Lotka’s Law or Zipf’s Law very closely but is almost perfectly described by an equation first developed by Yule. Causes and consequences of the allocation of literary fame are discussed.Rosengren, K.E. (1998), The climate of literature: A sea change? Poetics, 25 (5), 311-326.Full Text: P\Poetics25, 311.pdfAbstract: This article builds on theoretical, methodological and empirical research on the ‘Climate of Literature’ having since the early 1960’s on and off been pursued at the University of Lund. Literature is regarded as one of several large societal systems. It is hypothesized that during the last few decades basic characteristics of the literary system - just as those of other large societal systems - have come under increasingly strong influence from the economic sector of society. The hypothesis gets some support from quantitative and qualitative data covering two periods of the Swedish literary system, 1876-92 and 1953-76, and having been collected by means of a technique which in the field of bibliometrics has become known as ‘citation analysis’. In order to formally test the hypothesis, the periods covered by empirical data have to be extended to include the last quarter of the 20th century. Comparative studies in the area may yield a rich harvest.Title: Policy SciencesFull Journal Title: Policy SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Hicks, D. (1993), University-industry research links in Japan. Policy Sciences, 26 (4), 361-395.Abstract: Some analysts have argued that research links between universities and industry in Japan must be weak because Japanese universities do not produce high quality science and because regulations restrict links. This article begins by examining the structure and funding of universities and indicators of the performance of Japanese science. The results do not lend support to the view that the universities do not produce research useful to industry. In addition, the system is evolving in directions more favorable for university research excellence. Examining the regulations governing university- industry interaction, and their observance, reveals no insuperable barriers. Thus, it is not surprising that bibliometric indicators suggest Japanese companies collaborate with Japanese academics more than with foreign institutions. R&D managers describe long-lasting relationships with academics, perhaps originating in college days, which continue with mutual benefits and obligations on both sides and provide valuable access to the wider network of the scientific community-access that money alone cannot buy. The stories of individual research collaborations establish the substantive nature of the underlying work, the importance of experimentation performed on university instrumentation, and the crucial role of personnel exchange.Keywords: Bibliometric, Funding, Money, Research, Science, UniversitiesTitle: Policy Studies JournalFull Journal Title: Policy Studies JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Saetren, H. (2005), Facts and myths about research on public policy implementation: Out-of-fashion, allegedly dead, but still very much alive and relevant. Policy Studies Journal, 33 (4), 559-582.Full Text: 2005\Pol Stu J33, 559.pdfAbstract: Despite several decades of research on public policy implementation we know surprisingly little, not only about cumulative research results, but also about several other key aspects of this research field. This article tries to amend these deficiencies by presenting the results of a comprehensive literature survey. Its main purpose is to challenge, revise, and supplement some conventional wisdom about implementation research. A second motivation is to lay the foundation for and initiate a much needed synthesis of empirical research results. The main results are: The overall volume of publications on policy implementation has not stagnated or declined dramatically since the mid 1980s as is commonly asserted. On the contrary, it has continued to grow exponentially through the 1990s and into the twenty-first century. Even more surprising is that a large number of publications are located outside the core fields. Hence, the literature is substantially larger and more multidisciplinary than most commentators realize. Doctoral dissertations are the most ignored, but probably the richest, largest, and best source of empirical research results. Tracing the origin as well as the location of the disciplinary and geographical cradle of implementation studies must also be readjusted significantly. The ethnocentric bias of this research field toward the Western hemisphere has been, and still is, strong and some policy sectors are given much more attention than others. Although positive in many ways, the predominant multidisciplinary character of implementation research still poses some serious problems with respect to theory development. Thus, I discuss whether a resurgence of interest in policy implementation among policy scholars may already be occurring. Finally, I suggest that the time is long overdue for efforts to synthesize research results in a more rigorous scientific manner than has hitherto been done.Keywords: Bibliometric Survey, Development, Disciplinary Structure, Issue, Origin, Public Policy Implementation, Publications, Relevance, Research, Research Agenda, Revival, Size, Theory, TimeTitle: Polish Journal of Chemical TechnologyFull Journal Title: Polish Journal of Chemical TechnologyISO Abbrev. Title: Pol. J. Chem. Technol.JCR Abbrev. Title: Pol J Chem TechnolISSN: 1509-8117Issues/Year: 4Language: EnglishJournal Country/Territory: PolandPublisher: VersitaPublisher Address: Solipska 14a-1, 02-482 Warsaw, PolandSubject Categories: Chemistry, Applied: Impact Factor 0.333, 58/70 (2010)Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 0.333, 110/135 (2010)? Kwiatkowska-Marks, S., Mi?ek, J. and Wójcik, M. (2008), The effect of pH on the sorption of copper ions by alginates. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 10 (1), 28-30.Full Text: 2008\Pol J Che Tec10, 28.pdfAbstract: The effect of pH on copper ions sorption by alginates has been investigated. The granules of the sorbent obtained from sodium alginate (type DMF, manufactured by KELCO) have been applied. By using a new method of gelation a biosorbent containing from 11.3 to 20.3% mas. of alginate has been produced. Investigations have been carried out at a constant temperature of 25 degrees C and the pH values ranging from 3 to 5. The obtained experimental results have been described by the Langmuir equation. It has been found that with the increasing pH of the solution the maximum biosorbent sorption capacity increased.Keywords: Absorption, Alginate, Alginates, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Calcium Alginate, Capacity, Copper, Copper Ions, Effect of pH, Equilibrium, Experimental, Gel, Ions, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Models, pH, Sodium, Sorbent, Sorption, Temperature? Uddin, M.T., Islam, M.S., Islam, M.A. and Abedin, M.Z. (2008), Uptake of phenol from aqueous solution by burned water hyacinth. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 10 (2), 43-49.Full Text: 2008\Pol J Che Tec10, 43.pdfAbstract: The potential of burned water hyacinth (BWH) for phenol adsorption from aqueous solution was studied. Batch kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out under varying experimental conditions of contact time, phenol concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH. The pH at the point of zero charge (pH(PZC)) of the adsorbent was determined by the titration method and the value of 8.8 +/- 0.2 was obtained. The FTIR of the adsorbent was carried out in order to find the potential adsorption sites for the interaction with phenol molecules. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium and it was found that the experimental data fitted very well to the Langmuir model. Maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 30.49 mg/g. Batch adsorption models, based on the assumption of the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption. The results showed that kinetic data closely followed the pseudo- second-order model.Keywords: Phenol, Adsorption, Burned Water Hyacinth, Equilibrium, Adsorption Kinetics, Activated Carbons, Waste-Water, Adsorption, Removal, Equilibrium, Sorption, Extraction, Phase? Pereira, A.S., Ferreira, G., Caetano, L., Castro, R.S.D., dos Santos, A., Padilha, P.M. and Castro, G.R. (2010), 4-amine-2-mercaptopyrimidine modified silica gel applied in Cd(II) and Pb(II) extraction from an aqueous medium. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 12 (1), 7-11.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Che Tec12, 7.pdfAbstract: This paper discusses silica surface modification by a process involving a two-step reaction: anchoring of a silylating agent, followed by an attachment of a 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine molecule. The modified material (Si-BP) was successfully characterized by the FTIR spectra, which revealed amine absorption bands, and through (13)C and (29)Si NMR spectra, which confirm the proposed structure of the modified silica (Si-BP). Si-BP was used to extract cadmium and lead from an aqueous medium at 298 K. The Si-BP kinetics towards metal ions was very fast, i.e., about 10 minutes, although extraction was significantly impaired at pH 3. The series of adsorption isotherms were adjusted to a modified Langmuir equation and the maximum extraction capacity was 0.193 and 0.387 mmol g(-1) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. An analysis of the empty set values lead to the inference that the resulting metal ligand complex was type 1:1.Keywords: 2-Aminothiazole, 4-Amine-2-Mercaptopyrimidine, Absorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Analysis, Aqueous Medium, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd(II), Cu(II), Extraction, FTIR, FTIR Spectra, Gel, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Lead, Metal, Metal Extraction, Metal Ions, Modification, Modified, Nmr, Online Preconcentration, Pb(II), pH, Process, Removal, Samples, Silica, Silica Gel, Solid-Phase Extraction, Surface Modification, Trace-Metals, Water? Wierzba, S. and Latala, A. (2010), Biosorption lead(II) and nikel(II) from an aqueous solution by bacterial biomass. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 12 (3), 72-78.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Che Tec12, 72.pdfAbstract: The optimum conditions for biosorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution were investigated, by using living and nonliving Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus pumilus isolated from wastewater treatment plant. It was found that the optimum pH for Pb(II) removal by living and nonliving cells was 6.0, while 7.0 for Ni(II) removal. At the optimal conditions, metal ion biosorption was increased as the initial metal concentration increased. The binding capacity by living cells is significantly higher than that of nonliving cells at tested conditions. The maximum biosorption capacities for lead and nickel by using Ps. fluo-rescens and B. pumilus were 77.6, 91.4 and 65.1, 73.9 mg/g, respectively. The results of bio-sorption time and desorption experiments suggested that Pb(II) and Ni(II) uptake by the living bacterial biomass might be enhanced by intracellular accumulation.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Bacillus, Bacillus Pumilus, Bacillus sp, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption Capacities, Cadmium, Capacity, Cations, Chromium, Copper, Desorption, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Lead, Lead(II), Metal, Metal Ion, Ni(II), Nickel, Nikel, Pb(II), Pb(II) Removal, pH, Plant, Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Pseudomonas-Fluorescens 4F39, Removal, Treatment, Uptake, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment? Pe?ech, R. (2010), Recovery of bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether from aqueous solution onto activated carbon. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 12 (4), 11-14.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Che Tec12, 11.pdfAbstract: The results of the studies of bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether adsorption from aqueous solution onto AG5 activated carbon were presented here. Dynamic adsorptivity, mass transfer zone and the velocity of the adsorption front of the 10cm adsorption bed depth for the velocity of flow 9 and 25 cm/min were determined. For the regeneration of the adsorption bed, acetone rinsing was used. Total washout of adsorbed bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether from the bed was obtained. After the regeneration the adsorbent has not shown deterioration of adsorption properties. To isolate bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether from acetone, distillation was used.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Regeneration, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Properties, Aqueous Solution, Bed, Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) Ether, Carbon, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Depth, Dynamic, Mass Transfer, Recovery, Regeneration, Velocity, Waste? Staszak, K., Cierpiszewski, R. and Prochaska, K. (2011), Equilibrium and rate of iron(III) extraction from chloride solutions by individual hydrophobic extractants and their mixtures. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 13 (1), 1-5.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Che Tec13, 1.pdfAbstract: The main goal of this work was to study and compare the rate of iron(III) extraction from chloride solutions by commercial extractants: Alamine 336, TOPO and LIX 54 and their mixtures. Using the interfacial tension data, obtained for mixed systems, the values of surface mole fraction and molecular interaction parameter of extractants were estimated. Determination of the extraction rates was performed by using the Lewis-type stirred transfer cell. It was found that the extraction efficiency of extractants are changed in the following order: Alamine 336>TOPO>beta-diketone. The addition of a chelating extractant to the system decreases the extraction efficiency, for example the addition of beta-diketone to TOPO decreases the extraction efficiency by about 50%.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Alamine 336, Beta-Diketone, Chloride, Determination, Equilibrium, Extraction, Fe(III), Iron, Iron(III), Liquor, Molecular, Separation, Solvent-Extraction, TBP, Tension, TOPO? Bieganska, M. and Cierpiszewski, R. (2011), Utilization of agricultural and industrial wastes for metal removal from aqueous solutions. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 13 (1), 20-22.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Che Tec13, 20.pdfAbstract: In this study a possibility of obtaining sorbents from basketry wastes has been investigated. Therefore, adsorption of cadmium ions on wicker bark of Salix americana has been studied. The obtained experimental results were described by the Freundlich equation and adsorption kinetics by the pseudo-second order equation. The effect of pH on cadmium ions adsorption by S. americana was also investigated. It has been found that for the pH values ranging from 2 to 7 cadmium removal from the solution was held at almost constant level.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorptive Separation, Cadmium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetics, Lignin, Orange Waste, pH, Sawdust, Toxicity, Waste, Wicker Bark? Ciesińska, W., Makomaski, G., Zieliński, J. and Brzozowska, T. (2011), Preparation of sorbents from selected polymers. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 13 (1), 51-54.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Che Tec13, 51.pdfAbstract: In this work, the results of studies on the preparation of sorbents from selected polymers were presented. The polymers were carbonized and subsequently physically activated by steam or carbon dioxide, or alternatively, chemically activated with potassium hydroxide. For the obtained materials, a specific area was evaluated by means of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and benzene adsorption, iodine number was also determined. The obtained results indicated a possibility to procure hydrophobic sorbents of microporous structure. Sorbents having the best properties, i.e. the specific area of above 2000 m(2)/g were produced from poly(ethylene terephthalate) and phenol-formaldehyde resin.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Sorbents, Carbonization, Chemical Activation, Nitrogen, Phenolic-Resin, Physical Activation, Polyethyleneterephthalate, Polymers, Pore-Size, Potassium, Preparation, Resin, Size Distribution? Zhang, J.Y., Liu, Q.Y., Ding, Y.J. and Bei, Y.L. (2011), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized nanoscale zero-valent iron for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 13 (2), 35-39.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Che Tec13, 35.pdfAbstract: Batch studies were conducted to investigate the potential of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified nano zero-valent iron (APS-NZVI) to adsorb two dyes (acid brilliant scarlet GR and reactive brilliant red K-2BP) from aqueous solution. APS-NZVI showed good adsorption performance for two dyes. Under the adsorption conditions of pH 4.5, initial concentration was 100 mg/L, and time=4h, the maximum adsorption capacities of APS-NZVI were 121.06 mg/g for acid brilliant scarlet GR and 191.5 mg/g for reactive brilliant red K-2BP, respectively. The results revealed that the adsorption behavior of the dyes on the nano-particles fitted well with the Langmuir model and the sorption kinetics fits well the pseudo-second-order rate equation.Keywords: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Acid Brilliant Scarlet GR, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Carbon, Dyes, Kinetics, Langmuir, Magnetic Separation, Nano Zero-Valent Iron, Nanocomposite, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, Recovery, Removal, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Waste-Water? Kwiatkowska-Marks, S., Wojcik, M. and Kopinski, L. (2011), An alternative method to determine the diffusion coefficient for the shrinking core model. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 13 (2), 54-56.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Che Tec13, 54.pdfAbstract: A new method to determine the effective diffusion coefficient of sorbate in sorbent granule based on the analytical solution of the shrinking core model (SCM) has been proposed. The experimental data presented by Lewandowski and Roe(1) concerning the sorption of copper ions by alginate granules have been applied to compare the analytical and numerical methods. The results obtained by both methods are very close.Keywords: Alginate, Alginate Gel, Alginate Gel, Alternative, Copper, Copper Ions, Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficient, Equilibrium, Experimental, Ions, Model, Removal, Shrinking Core Model, Sorbate, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption? Ho, Y.S. (2011), Comments on “3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized nanoscale zero-valent iron for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution”. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 13 (4), 89.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Che Tec13, 89.pdfTitle: Polish Journal of ChemistryFull Journal Title: Polish Journal of ChemistryISO Abbreviated Title: Pol. J. Chem.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pol J ChemISSN: 0137-5083Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: PolandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Polish Chemical SocietyPublisher Address: C/O Polish Acad Sciences, Inst Physical Chemistry, UL Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-2Subject Categories: Chemistry: Impact Factor 0.595, 66/121? Jaroniec, M., Rudzinski, W. and Sokolowski, S. (1978), Adsorption of gas-mixtures on heterogeneous surfaces - generalized integral-equation for adsorption isotherm by assuming jovanovic model for local adsorption. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 52 (2), 395-399.? Fleszar, B. and Miarabieniasz, H. (1979), Electrochemical studies in solutions containing macromolecular compounds of various molecular-weights. 1. Kinetics of polyvinyl-alcohol adsorption at dropping mercury-electrode. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 53 (2), 465-473.? Drzymala, J. (1979), Adsorption-isotherm of potential determining ions at oxide aqueous solution interface. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 53 (9), 1809-1820.? Pomianowski, A. and Rodakiewicznowak, J. (1980), Application of the Langmuir isotherm for description of surface non-ideality for dilute aqueous-solutions of 2 surface-active substances. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 54 (2), 267-278.? Dabrowski, A., Goworek, J., Garbacz, J., Jaroniec, M. and Oscik, J. (1982), Bilayer adsorption from liquid-mixtures of aromatic-hydrocarbons on silica-gel. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 56 (10-11), 1501-1508.? Orlik, M. (1987), Statistical-analysis of electrochemical adsorption data in the weighted least-squares fitting and selection of the proper adsorption-isotherm. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 61 (7-12), 867-889.? Patrykiejew, A. (1994), Kinetics of monolayer formation on patchwise heterogeneous surfaces: A monte-carlo study. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 68 (7), 1405-1426.Abstract: The kinetics of a monolayer formation on model heterogeneous surfaces, consisting of only two types of sites grouped into finite homottatic patches is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The effects of the difference in adsorption energies and of the size of homottatic domains on the dynamics of adsorption process are discussed. The dynamics of condensation for systems undergoing the first order phase transition is found to be essentially the same as found in the kinetic two-dimensional Ising model, though heterogeneity effects are present, and may considerably influence the process of nucleation. In the case of systems with highly heterogeneous surfaces, the kinetics changes drastically. In particular, the effects due to the size of homottatic domains are much more important than in adsorption on weakly heterogeneous surfaces. Besides, the effects due to metastability are not present at all and as the difference in adsorption energies for different sites increases the kinetics becomes more and more Elovich-like.Keywords: Adsorption, Chemisorption, Dynamics, Gases, Heterogeneity, Ising-Model, Kinetics, Localized Monolayers, Metastability, Simulation, Square Lattice? Gawlowski, J., Zelenay, P. and Szklarczyk, M. (1995), Interdependence and accuracy of parameters determined from adsorption isotherms. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 69 (7), 1046-1053.Abstract: The accuracy of parameters determination from adsorption isotherms in view of their strong interdependence, observed with the computer-generated sample data is discussed. The results of calculation for freguently-used isotherms, such as Langmuir, virial, Frumkin, Temkin and Flory-Huggins, are presented and critically reviewed. Parameters calculated from the Langmuir and virial equations, although clearly interdependent, carry the lowest errors while the highest error corresponds to the parameter f in the Frumkin model. For the same model, no interdependence has been detected between Gamma(infinity) and beta, which is unique among isotherm parameters tested in this work. The most strongly interdependent are parameters in the Flory-Huggins isotherm and the (Gamma(infinity), f) pair in the Temkin isotherm.Keywords: Isotherm, Adsorption? Rudzinski, W. and Aharoni, C. (1995), Multi-site-occupancy adsorption on heterogeneous solid-surfaces: Effects of surface-topography on adsorption-kinetics. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 69 (7), 1066-1071.Abstract: Starting from Nitta’s theoretical approach to multi-site-occupancy adsorption on energetically heterogeneous solid surfaces and from Ward’s theoretical approach to adsorption-desorption kinetics, equations are developed for kinetics of the multi-site occupancy adsorption. Even in the absence of interactions between adsorbed molecules two different equations are developed: one for patchwise and another one for random surface topography. It is shown that these equations might be a key to distinguishing between patchwise and random topogaphy by studying kinetics of adsorption on energetically heterogeneous surfaces.Keywords: Adsorption, Argon, Computer-Simulation, Diffusion, Equation, Heterogeneity, Kinetics, Titanium-Dioxide? Marczewski, A.W. (2008), Kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption of dissociating solutes from aqueous solutions on mesoporous carbons. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 82 (1-2), 271-281.Abstract: Static and kinetic studies on adsorption of benzoic and 4-nitrobenzoic acids on two mesoporous carbons in acidic and neutral buffer solutions are performed. The carbon properties are analyzed by means of nitrogen adsorption. The static experiments in a wide range of concentrations are analyzed by means of the Langmuir-Freundlich and Freundlich isotherms. The Lagergren, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle-diffusion and multi-exponent equations are used in the analysis of kinetic equilibria.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Carbon, Dissociating Benzene Derivatives, Dye, Equilibria, Equilibrium, Experiments, Freundlich, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir-Freundlich, Mesoporous, Mesoporous Carbon, Silicas, Sorption, Wood? Khan, M.R., Rahman, M.M., Mozumder, M.S.I., Uddin, M.J. and Islam, M.A. (2009), Adsorption behavior of reactive dye from aqueous phase on activated carbon. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 83 (7), 1365-1378.Abstract: The adsorption of a reactive dye (Procion Red) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon was investigated. The effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied. The equilibrium data were described well by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics was tested for pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and unified approach kinetic models. The unified approach model described the kinetic data in accordance with the experimental data and the forward and backward rate constants were evaluated from the model fittings. The adsorption is highly pH dependent and adsorption efficiency increases with the decrease in pH. Thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process suggested that the process was endothermic. The adsorption capacity of regenerated activated carbon showed more than 70% recovery of the adsorption efficiency of the initial virgin adsorbent.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Approach, Aqueous Solution, Capacity, Carbon, Color Removal, Data, Diffusion, Dye, Efficiency, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Freundlich Isotherm Model, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Model, Models, pH, pH-Dependent, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constants, Reactive Dye, Recovery, Solution, Sorbent, Sorption, Systems, Temperature, Textile Effluent, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Unified Approach Model, Wastewater, WaterTitle: Polish Journal of Environmental StudiesFull Journal Title: Polish Journal of Environmental StudiesISO Abbreviated Title: Pol. J. Environ. Stud.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pol J Environ StudISSN: 1230-1485Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: PolandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: HARDPublisher Address: Post-Office Box, 10-718 Olsztyn 5, PolandSubject Categories:Environmental Sciences: Impact Factor 0.639, 83/132 (2002); Impact Factor 0.416, 118/131 (2003); Impact Factor 0.336, 123/134 (2004); Impact Factor 0.352, 133/140 (2005); Impact Factor 0.353, 136/144 (2006); Impact Factor 0.627, 137/160 (2007); Impact Factor 0.947, 137/180 (2009); Impact Factor 0.543, 176/192 (2010)? Biernat, J.F. and Makuch, B. (2000), Sorbents for preconcentration of phenols from polluted waters. Supramolecular assistance. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 9 (2), 71-75.Full Text: 2000\Pol J Env Stu9, 71.pdfAbstract: New sorbents capable of forming hydrogen and pi-pi bonds with phenols were prepared. These sorbents possess aromatic pi-acceptor residues and hydrogen donor and acceptor sites. The surroundings of the sites are of different polarities. Sorption efficiency of these materials was studied by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The testing mixtures consisted of three phenols of different polarity and acidity.Keywords: Acidity, Bounded Phases, Carbon, Column, Efficiency, HPLC, Performance Liquid-Chromatography, Phenols, Preconcentration, Resins, Separation, Silica-Gel, Sites, Solid-Phase Extraction, Sorption, SPE, Trace Enrichment? Dube, A., Zbytniewski, R., Kowalkowski, T., Cukrowska, E. and Buszewski, B. (2001), Adsorption and migration of heavy metals in soil. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 10 (1), 1-10.Full Text: 2001\Pol J Env Stu10, 1.pdfAbstract: Soil is a major reservoir for contaminants as it posseses an ability to bind various chemicals. These chemicals can exist in various forms in soil and different forces keep them bound to soil particles. It is essential to study these interactions because the toxicity of chemicals may strongly depend on the form in which they exist in the environment. Another thing is that soil variability and some environmental properties (e.g. climate factors) may change equilibrium found in soil and cause leaching of trace toxic elements like heavy metals tightly bound to soil particles. Mathematical and computer modeling help us with understanding processes occurring in soils. A number of models are being developed now which can quantitatively predict movements and sorption of heavy metals in soil with good accuracy. However, investigations for determining chemical properties of soil, heavy metal interactions, should continue because a lot of questions about this strongly heterogenic matrix is still nor answered.Keywords: Accuracy, Adsorption, Certified Reference Materials, Chemical Properties, Chemicals, Computer, Environment, Environmental, Environmental-Samples, Equilibrium, Gas-Chromatography, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Humic Substances, Leaching, Metal, Metals, Methyl Mercury, Migration, Modeling, Silica-Gel, Soil, Soil Properties, Soils, Sorption, Speciation, Speciation Analysis, Supercritical-Fluid Extraction, Toxicity, Trace-Metals, Variability, Water? Wojtowicz, A. and Stoklosa, A. (2002), Removal of heavy metal ions on smectite ion-exchange column. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (1), 97-101.Full Text: 2002\Pol J Env Stu11, 97.pdfAbstract: The present work is a continuation of studies on the use of ion-exchanging properties of smectite raw material from Mecinka mine to the recovery of chromium from waste water. In this work the smectite ion-exchange column was used for removal of other heavy metals: Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II). The effect of ion exchange Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) from model solutions prepared out of nitrate salts of these metals was examined under dynamic conditions. The efficiency of ion-exchange column with smectite bed was determined by measuring in the column efflux till the moment when the concentration of metals in efflux is equal to concentration in influx. For measurement of concentration of metals the voltamperometric method was used. The ion-exchanging column was determined by stating the following parameters: sorption capacity of exchanger, volume of solution till the moment of column breakthrough (V-max) and column dynamics, which means the relative concentration of metal ions c/c(o) in the efflux as a function of efflux volume. Out of the model waste water containing three heavy metals, the best eliminated is Pb(II) and subsequently Zn(II). The efflux volume classified to the 1st and 2nd category of water cleanness amounts to about 1/3 V-max. Worse results are observed for ions Cd(II), which have the least ion exchange ability. The obtained results of studies on removal of ions of heavy metals: Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) out of model waste water confirm, similar to the Cr(III) studies, the possibility of application of the raw smectite adsorbent as the column packing within the process of removal of heavy metals.Keywords: Adsorbent, Capacity, Cd, Chromium, Column, Cr, Efficiency, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Column, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Measurement, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Model, Nitrate, Pb, Process, Recovery, Recovery Cr(III), Removal, Removal of Heavy Metals, Smectite, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Waste, Waste Water, Water, Zn? Kowalkowski, T. and Buszewski, B. (2002), Sorption and migration of selected heavy metals in different soil matrices. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (2), 135-139.Full Text: 2002\Pol J Env Stu11, 135.pdfAbstract: Soils and ground waters have been extensively exposed to pollution by heavy metals from various anthropogenic sources. The presence of these metals in soils poses a significant environmental hazard, and one of most difficult contamination problems to solve. Description of some sorption and migration phenomena involving Pb, Zn, Ni and Cu in the surface layer of soil and sewage sludge compost was the primary objective of this work. A wide range of pH (3.0 - 5.5) of simulated acid rains, used to study the elution of metals from these matrices allowed a qualitative description of these metals’ behaviour.Keywords: Acid, Contamination, Cu, Elution, Environmental, Heavy Metals, Metals, Migration, Ni, Pb, Ph, Pollution, Primary, Qualitative, Sewage, Sewage Sludge, Sewage Sludge Compost, Sludge, Soil, Soils, Sorption, Zn? Zbytniewski, R. and Buszewski, B. (2002), Sorption of pesticides in soil and compost. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (2), 179-183.Full Text: 2002\Pol J Env Stu11, 179.pdfAbstract: A study was carried out on the sorption of the sparingly water-soluble pesticide linuron in various types of soil with different levels of organic matter. The sorption isotherms of the pesticide were obtained in bath-equilibrium experiments and the data were fit to Freundlich and Dual Reactive Domain Models. In general, the sorption was the highest for the soil with greatest content of soil organic matter. The study also points out the global problem of handling the sewage sludge at wastewater treatment plants. We studied the compost made in Torun’s Wastewater Treatment Plant during sludge fermentation. To characterise the compost organic matter UV-Vis and C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy were used. Consequences of the compost use in agriculture are also discussed here. Particular attention is given to the changes in the behaviour of pesticides applied to soil in the presence of compost organic substances. The treatment of soils by the compost from sewage sludge may lead to increased retention or removal of hydrophobic compounds like linuron.Keywords: Adsorption, Attention, Chemicals, Compost, Distributed Reactivity Model, Freundlich, Isotherms, Lead, Models, Nmr, Organic Matter, Organic-Matter, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plants, Points, Removal, Retention, Sediments, Sewage, Sewage Sludge, Sludge, Soil, Soil Analysis, Soil Organic Matter, Soils, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Spectroscopy, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment? Diatta, J.B. (2002), Influence of correction values on sorption parameters: Case of lead. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (3), 237-244.Full Text: 2002\Pol J Env Stu11, 237.pdfAbstract: Three adsorption equations were applied to verify the influence of correction values (CV) on adsorption parameters calculated using Langmuir, Freundlich and Gunary isotherms. It was found that the inclusion or not of the correction values into the -Langmuir equation did not yield appreciable differences either for a(max) orb parameters in the case of soils with relatively high organic matter content, cation exchange capacity and neutral pH. For the Freundlich equation, the higher the correction values the lower the partition parameters. Maximum adsorption parameters (a(max)) calculated from the Gunary equation were proportionally related to correction values. The higher the correction values the higher the a(max) parameters. On the basis of the current results it seemed that the goodness-of-fit criteria for analytical data to adsorption equations herein applied may be partially related to correction values. Ideally, the sorption studies would be determined in systems in which the surface would be free of the adsorbate ion. Usually this restriction is far not feasible, mainly in soil environment.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Parameters, Capacity, Cation, Cation Exchange, Correction Value, Differences, Environment, Exchange Capacity, Freundlich, Gunary Isotherms, Influence, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Langmuir One-Site, Lead, Organic Matter, pH, Retention, Soil, Soils, SorptionFilipkowska, U., Klimiuk, E., Grabowski, S. and Siedlecka, E. (2002), Adsorption of reactive dyes by modified chitin from aqueous solutions. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (4), 315-323.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu11, 315.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of reactive dyes onto chitin (deacetylation degree = 5%) was investigated from aqueous solutions at pH 3. Ten reactive dyes were examined, including 5 dyes from the helactine group, 3 dyes from the polactine group and 2 dyes from the remazol group, The K and b constants were calculated from the Langmuir equation that assumes the presence of two sites of different nature. It was found that the dye adsorption on chitin in type I and II sites differed in both the adsorption affinity and maximum adsorption capacity. Based on the dimensionless separation factor R-L it was found that the dye adsorption mechanism in type I sites was an ion exchange, whereas in the case of type II sites it was a physical adsorption. A correlation was found between dye adsorption on chitin and the number of sulfone groups in a dye molecule. However, neither molecular weight nor the number of aromatic rings was correlated with dye adsorption.Keywords: Acid Dye, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aromatic, Capacity, Chitin, Correlation, Diffusion, Dimensionless Separation Factor, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dyes, Ion, Ion Exchange, Langmuir, Langmuir Constants, Langmuir Equation, Mechanism, Modified, Natural Adsorbents, pH, Physical Adsorption, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Separation, Separation Factor, Sites, Sulfone, Textile Effluents, Water? Ignatowicz-Owsieniuk, K. and Skoczko, I. (2002), Dependence of sorption of phenoxyacetic herbicides on their physico-chemical properties. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (4), 339-344.Full Text: 2002\Pol J Env Stu11, 339.pdfAbstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of removal of phenoxyacetic pesticides from water by means of activated carbon sorption. The sorbents used in this study (WD-extra, CWZ-22, NP-5) were produced by GRYFSKAND, Ltd., Hajnowka. The First step of the study was the steady-state test of the suitability of selected sorbents in herbicide removal. The steady-state test was conducted according to the Chemviron Carbon methodology. Its aim was to determine the Freundlich isotherm and sorption capacity, and to select the best sorbent in static conditions. The residual concentration of the contaminant in the filtrate was determined using relevant analytical techniques. Also, the concentration of phenoxyacetic acid was identified by TLC and HPLC methods. On the basis of the results obtained it was concluded that the best sorbents of phenoxyacetic acid from water in steady-state conditions are CWZ-22 and NP-5. No significant difference was noticed in the removal process of the whole group of phenoxyacetic acids by sorption.Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Capacity, Carbon, Dependence, Efficiency, Filtrate, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Herbicide, Herbicides, HPLC, Isotherm, Methodology, Pesticides, Process, Removal, Removal Process, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, WaterKlimiuk, E. and Kuczajowska-Zadro?na, M. (2002), The effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) on cadmium adsorption and desorption from alginate adsorbents. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (4), 375-384.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu11, 375.pdfAbstract: Cadmium adsorption onto and desorption from sodium alginate and sodium alginate with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were studied. Intraparticular diffusion was demonstrated to limit adsorption kinetics during the first 20 min of process. The D-eff value was dependent on adsorbent chemical composition and ranged from 3.35×10-10 m2/s to 1.86×10-10 m2/s for the 1.5% alginate with 0.5% PVA and for the 2% alginate with 5% PVA, respectively.At equilibrium the adsorption was more effective onto the 2% alginate and was lower for the alginate sorbent containing poly(vinyl alcohol). The dimensionless separation factor R-L increased from 0.26 to 0.68 for the 2% alginate and the 2% alginate + 5% PVA, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities in Langmuir isotherm for both the 2% and 1.5% alginate with 0.5% PVA were similar and were 176 and 178 mg/g dry weight, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity decreased to 48 mg/g dry weight for the 2% alginate with the 5% PVA (in proportion to the polymer amount increase in the adsorbent).Cadmium desorption was more effective for nitric acid than for sulfuric and hydrochloric acids (desorption pH 2.2). More cadmium was desorbed from 2% alginate with 5% PVA than from 2% alginate or 1.5% alginate with 0.5% PVA.Keywords: Cadmium, Alginate, Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), Adsorption, Desorption Coefficient, Diffusion, Langmuir Equation, Langmuir Constans, Heavy-Metals, Aqueous-Solutions, Sorption, Removal, Gel, Equilibrium, Sorbents, Chitosan, Kinetics, Copper? Swietlik, J., Raczyk-Stanislawiak, U., Bilozor, S., Ilecki, W. and Nawrocki, J. (2002), Effect of oxidation with chlorine dioxide on the adsorption of natural organic matter on granular activated carbon. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (4), 435-439.Full Text: 2002\Pol J Env Stu11, 435.pdfAbstract: Chlorine dioxide is widely used as a pre-oxidant and disinfectant but it has the disadvantage of inducing the formation of the inorganic by-products chlorites and chlorates. It is therefore of interest to decrease the chlorine dioxide demand and oxidation, and/or removal of natural organic matter (NOM). The objective of this study was to estimate the efficiency of the adsorption of oxidised and unoxidised NOM on granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. For this purpose, three pairs of columns filled with three types of GAC were set. The study showed that the efficiency of adsorption increased after the pre-oxidation of NOM with ClO2. GAC filters also efficiently removed the unwanted inorganic by-products.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, By-Products, Carbon, Chlorine Dioxide, Efficiency, GAC, Granular Activated Carbon, Interest, Natural, Natural Organic Matter, NOM, Organic Matter, Oxidation, Removal, Water Treatment? Kyziol, J. (2002), Effect of physical properties and cation exchange capacity on sorption of heavy metals onto peats. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11 (6), 713-718.Full Text: 2002\Pol J Env Stu11, 713.pdfAbstract: Studies on sorption of heavy metal ions (Cr2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+) onto peats of defined type, sort, and kind, as a function of their physical and chemical properties, as well as determination of adsorbent-adsorbate binding stability have been carried out. Among the tested peats the best sorption properties have been found for low-moor peats: Humus Peat and Rush Peat, characterized by high decomposition rates (DR). Among studied heavy metals, the greatest chemical affinity to sorption sites showed chromium ions, bound onto organic matter in insoluble forms, the lowest - zinc and cadmium ions, which mostly enriched mobile forms.Keywords: Binding, Cadmium, Cadmium Ions, Capacity, Cation, Cation Exchange, Cation Exchange Capacity, Cd2+, Chemical Properties, Chromium, Cu2+, Decomposition Rate, Exchange Capacity, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Ions, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Organic Matter, Peat, Physical Properties, Sites, Sorption, Stability, Zinc, Zn2+? Paszko, T. (2003), Studies of competitive Cu2+, Co2+ and Cr3+ sorption in grey-brown podzolic soils. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 12 (4), 439-446.Full Text: 2003\Pol J Env Stu12, 439.pdfAbstract: Studies of competitive sorption were carried out using the three-component solution CuCl2, CoCl2 and CrCl3 in two grey-brown podzolic soils saturated with Ca2+ cations. In most cases in batch experiments the Freundlich equation was the best to describe the sorption process. The linear sorption equation was successfully applied to describe Cr3+ and Cu2+ sorption in column experiments. A significant effect of Cu2+ and Cr3+ on Co2+ sorption was found in both column and batch experiments. Sorption of ions of the studied heavy metals was not equivalent to Ca2+ desorption from soil.Keywords:Heavy Metals, Soils, Competitive Sorption, Displacement Experiments, Dispersion Model, Adsorption, Column, Batch, Parameters, Transport, Curves, Metals, IonsKlimiuk, E., Filipkowska, U. and Wojtasz-Paj?k, A. (2003), The effect of pH and chitin preparation on adsorbtion of reacitve dyes. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 12 (5), 575-588.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu12, 575.pdfAbstract: The effect of chitin preparation with HCl (chitin A) and with HCl and KOH (chitin B) and pH on the adsorption of reactive dyes (helactine, polactine and remazol) on chitin was investigated. The double Langmuir equation was appropriate to analyze the dependence between amount of the adsorbed dye on chitin (Q) and its equilibrium concentration (C). It indicated the presence of two types of active sites which differed in both the maximum adsorption capacity (b) and adsorption affinity (K). Based on the dimensionless separation factor R-L, it was found that the dye adsorption mechanism in type I sites was an ion exchange, whereas in the case of type II sites it was a physical adsorption.The adsorption capacity of the chitin A (deacetylation degree of 3%) for samples without pH adjustment ranged from 29 (Red 13-813) to 67 mg/g dry weight of chitin (Gelb GR). At pH 3.0 the adsorption capacity was higher from 1.9 to 2.3-fold. The most favourable effect of pH change was found for helactine dyes.The adsorption capacity of the chitin B (deacetylation degree of 5%) was from 66 (Brillantorange 3R) to 101 mg/g dry weight of chitin (Gelb GR). After pH adjustment to pH 3.0 the adsorption capacity ranged from 160 (Ruby F-2B) to 294 mg/g dry weight of chitin (Blau 3R). The most favourable effect of deacetylation degree increase was found in the case of helactine dyes in the samples without pH aqjustment, and polactine and remazol dyes at pH 3.0.Keywords: Reactive Dyes, Modified Chitin, Deacetylation Degree, Langmuir Isotherm, pH, Dimensionless Separation Factor, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Adsorption? Brogowski, Z. and Renman, G. (2004), Characterization of opoka as a basis for its use in wastewater treatment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (1), 15-20.Full Text: 2006\Pol J Env Stu13, 15.pdfAbstract: Opoka, as a silica-calcite sedimentary rock, occurs in south-eastern Europe and Russia. Stratigraphical studies down to 8 in depth were performed in Belzec, Poland, where samples were taken for further analyses. Vertical layers represented a heavy-weight opoka consisting of relatively more CaCO3 than the horizontal layers of lightweight opoka dominated by SiO2. Opoka had a mean bulk density of 1.34 g/cm(3), a porosity of 44.5 % and a specific surface area of 64 m(2)/g. Opoka, especially after heated to over 900degreesC can be used as reactive filter media for phosphorus removal. Maximum sorption capacity was 119.6 g PO4-P/ kg. Element analysis of the rock did not reveal any anomaly from that expected, and it was concluded that its element content does not devaluate opoka as a sorbent used in ecological wastewater treatment.Keywords: Analysis, Bulk Density, Calcination, Capacity, Characterization, Depth, Europe, Fertilizer, Filter, Gaize, Maximum Sorption Capacity, Opoka, Phosphorus, Phosphorus Removal, Phosphorus Sorption, Polonite (R), Reactive Media, Removal, Russia, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Surface Area, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater TreatmentKuczajowska-Zadro?na, M., Klimiuk, E. and Wojnowska-Baryla, I. (2004), Cyclical cadmium adsorption and desorption by activated sludge immobilized on alginate carriers. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (2), 161-169.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu13, 161.pdfAbstract: This paper concerns cadmium desorption in subsequent cycles of adsorption/desorption by chemical sorbents such as 2% sodium alginate, sodium alginate with the addition of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) in the following proportions: 1.5% alginate and 0.5% PVA, 2% alginate and 2% PVA, 2% alginate and 5% PVA, and two kinds of activated sludge immobilized on alginate sorbents. It was proved that adsorption by alginate and alginate with PVA obeys a second-order rate law. The higher the PVA amount in alginate, the lower the reaction rate.Mineral acids such as hydrochloric and sulphuric acids were used as desorption agents. It was observed that all sorbents tested remove cadmium with high and almost constant efficiency from the solution containing 50 mgCd/dm3, whereas desorption effectiveness depended on the kind of sorbents and desorbing agents.Keywords: Adsorption, Desorption, Cadmium, Kinetic, Alginate, Poly(Vinyl) Alcohol, Immobilized Activated Sludge, Adsorption-Desorption Cycles, Biosorption, Accumulation, Biomass, Removal, Lead, Recovery, Uranium, Cu(II), Cells? Paszko, T., Gaszczyk, R. and Muszynski, P. (2004), Studies of the effectiveness of Cu2+, Co2+ and Cr3+ desorption with K+ in grey-brown podzolic soils. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (2), 171-175.Full Text: 2004\Pol J Env Stu13, 171.pdfAbstract: Model studies were carried out using the three-component CuCl2, CoCl2 and CrCl3 solution in two grey-brown podzolic soils. After saturation of soil with the three-component solution and elution with water, desorption was carried out with the 0.1 mol dm-3 KCI solution. For comparison, desorption with the NH4Cl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions was also conducted. Desorption of Cu2+ with K+ was in both soils similar to that of NH4+ and Mg2+ but smaller in comparison with Ca2+. In the case of Co2+ desorption with the studied exchangeable cations was not differentiated. Desorption of Cr3+ with K+ and NH4+ was greater than with Ca2+ and Mg2+. The differences in desorption efficiency can be explained based on the theory of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB).Keywords:Heavy Metals, Soils, Competitive Sorption, Cadmium Sorption, Nickel, Extractability, Calcium, Columns, Removal, Copper, Metals, Bases, AcidsKumar, K.V. and Sivanesan, S. (2004), Surface mass transfer during the sorption of basic dye onto boiler bottom ash. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (4), 443-445.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu13, 443.pdfAbstract: Sorption experiments were carried out in batch process for the removal of color Methylene blue from its aqueous solution using boiler bottom ash as an adsorbent. The operating variables studied were initial concentration and adsorbent dosage. The effect of external mass transfer coefficient ?, on these operating variables studied were estimated using Furusuwa – Smith model. The calculated ? values were then correlated to dimensionless mass transfer numbers (Sh/Sc0.33). The dimensionless mass transfer numbers were found to vary with initial concentration, Co -0.000002 and adsorbent dosage, M0.0085.Keywords: Adsorption, Methylene Blue, Bottom Ash, External Mass Transfer, Mass Transfer CoefficientFilipkowska, U. (2004), Efficiency of Black DN adsorption onto chitin in an air-lift reactor. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (5), 503-508.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu13, 503.pdfAbstract: The efficiency of reactive dyes adsorption onto chitin under dynamic conditions was determined. The research was carried Out in an air lift reactor. A reactive dye with chlorotriazine moiety - Black DN was used. The effect of inlet Black DN concentration, chitin concentration in the reactor and flow rate on the maximum adsorption capacity of chitin under dynamic conditions, on the utilisation of the adsorption capacity of chitin and on the real working time of the reactor were investigated. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of chitin was affected most by inlet dye concentration. The utilisation of the adsorption capacity of chitin, at the assumed effectiveness of dye removal, depended on inlet dye concentration and chitin concentration in the reactor. The highest efficiency was obtained at the chitin concentration in the reactor of 5 g/dm3, inlet dye concentration of 100 mg/dm3 and flow rate of 0. 1 V/h.Keywords: Adsorption, Reactive Dye, Air Lift Reactor, Efficiency, Natural Adsorbents, Bed Reactor, Acid Dye, RemovalZielińska, M. and Wojnowska-Bary?a, I. (2004), Removal of organic compounds from municipal wastewater by immobilized biomass. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (5), 573-577.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu13, 573.pdfAbstract: Two porous ceramic carriers (internal active surface 0.04 m2 for carrier I and 0.2 m2 for carrier II) with immobilized activated sludge were the stationary filling of the reactors. Municipal wastewater was treated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 70 to 15 min. The efficiency of organic compounds removal from wastewater changed for reactor I from 85.2 to 93.8%, for reactor II from 62.9 to 87.1%. The contribution of oxidation, biomass synthesis, denitrification and intracellular storage in organic compounds removal depended on the type of carrier and on hydraulic retention time (HRT). Over 20% of organic loading in influent to reactors I and II was used for cellular oxidation. Only for reactor I at HRT 30 and 15 min higher participation of nitrate respiration than oxygen was one observed. From 6.1 to 14.5% of loading in influent was removed as a result of sludge yield. For reactor I the high contribution of intracellular storage in organic compounds removal from wastewater was observed.Keywords: Biomass Immobilization, Porous Ceramic Carriers, Municipal Wastewater, Organic Compounds Removal by Oxidation, Denitrification, Sludge Yield and Internal StorageBaranowska, I., Barchański, L., B?k, M., Smolec, B. and Mzyk, Z. (2004), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in multielemental analysis of hair and teeth. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (6), 639-646.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu13, 639.pdfAbstract: During our study a procedure of hair (62 samples) and teeth (38 samples) preparation for the XRF analysis was worked out. The samples were collected from the inhabitants of Katowice, Gliwice, Pyskowice and Tychy (Silesia, Poland). In hair samples S, Ca, Na, Mg, P, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Pb content was determined and in teeth samples Ca, P, Na, Mg, Al, S, K, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Pb content was determined. Conformity between the XRF and ICP results was obtained. Several correlations between the concentration of some elements and personal features (sex, age, smoking related) and environmental contamination were indicated. There were differences in the content of Al, Pb and Fe in women’s teeth and men’s teeth. A positive correlation between age and Mg, Fe, Cu, Sr and Pb content in teeth samples was noticed. Zn, S and Pb content depended on the level of pollution in the environment the samples came from. There were high levels of Zn and Pb concentration in teeth samples from smokers. In hair, positive correlations between the content of Ca, Fe and P and age were observed. Differences in Na, K and S content between women’s and men’s hair were noticed. Ca and Pb levels were different in samples obtained from different cities in Silesia. No correlation for Ba, Zn, Cu, Mn, Si was observed.Keywords: XRF, Multielemental Analysis, Hair, TeethFilipkowska, U., Klimiuk, E., Kuczajowska-Zadro?na, M. and Ku?, S. (2004), The removal of reactive dyes from binary mixtures using chitin. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (6), 653-661.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu13, 653.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of reactive dye mixtures onto chitin modified with 5N KOH was investigated. Three binary mixtures were tested. Each mixture contained Blue D-5RN and either Yellow D-5GN, or Red D-8B or Black DN as the second dye. The tests were conducted without pH adjustment and after pH adjustment to 3.0. The results were based on the constants determined from double Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of Blue D-5RN (control sample) in the samples without pH adjustment accounted for 97 mg/g d.w., and in the sample with pH adjustment (pH=3) – for 205 mg/g d.w. The adsorption capacity of a mixture of Red D-8B and Blue D-5RN reached 93 and 196 mg/g d.w., respectively, and in a mixture containing Yellow D-5GN – 103 and 214 mg/g d.w., respectively. The dye competition in a mixture was evaluated comparing 7 constants in Langmuir equation for mixtures and Blue D-5RN in a mixture. The adsorption capacity of Blue D-5RN in a mixture was found to be by ca. 8.8 % lower than the adsorption capacity of a dye mixture in the samples without pH adjustment and by ca. 9.4 % lower compared to the samples with adjusted pH. An explicit decline in K1 value was also observed, depending on the type of the second dye and pH. Blue D-5RN and Red D-8B characterized by a high similarity of chemical structure competed for active sites more strongly. It was confirmed by a higher (ca. 9-fold and 2.1-fold -pH=3) decrease in constants K determined for Blue D-5RN in a mixture. The experimental data showed that in the samples with pH=3, the competition for active sites between dyes was weaker.Keywords: Adsorption, Reactive Dyes, Modified Chitin, Binary Mixtures, Langmuir Isotherm? Suchecki, T.T., Walek, T. and Banasik, M. (2004), Fly ash zeolites as sulfur dioxide adsorbents. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 13 (6), 723-727.Full Text: 2004\Pol J Env Stu13, 723.pdfAbstract: Air protection technologies generate massive amounts of solid wastes. including fly ash (RA). Zeolite synthesis from FA seems to be ail effective method for FA utilization. In addition. fly ash zeolites (FAZs) could be used for sulfur dioxide (SO2) adsorption. Since there is a lack of sufficient information about SO, uptake on FAZs, we investigated this phenomenon in detail. Two commercially available zeolites. 3A and SM-27, and two FAZs, one manufactured by the authors and the other obtained from Kimura Chemical Plants, were used for SO2 adsorption tests. Our experiments confirmed that FAZs could be efficient SO2 adsorbents. Observed SO2-zero emission periods varied from 2-3 min for non-activated zeolites to 7-15 min for their thermally activated counterparts. The thermal activation of FAZs increased 2-3 times their SO2 adsorption capacity, resulting in up to 38 mg of SO2/g of zeolitic material.Keywords: Fly Ash, Zeolite, Sulfur Dioxide, Adsorption, Hydrophobic Zeolites, Adsorption, Breakthrough, SlurryAnsari Khalkhali, R. and Omidvari, R. (2005), Adsorption of mercuric ion from aqueous solutions using activated carbon. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14 (2), 185-188.Full Text: P\Pol J Env Stu14, 185.pdfAbstract: Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from hazelnut shells using two steps of carbonization followed by steam activation. Methylene blue dye was used as a probe for evaluation of the prepared activated carbon. In order to have a better comparison, a commercial grade of activated carbon (powdered) obtained from the Merck Company has also been used in this research as standard. In this paper we have also investigated adsorption of mercuric ion by impregnated activated carbon with different chemicals. It was found that sorption of mercuric ion from aqueous solution by activated carbon can be improved by impregnating AC with suitable chemicals such as sulfur-containing compounds.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Impregnation, Methylene Blue, Mercuric Ion? Klimiuk, E., Kabardo, K., Gusiatin, Z. and Filipkowska, U. (2005), The adsorption of reactive dyes from mixtures containing surfactants onto chitin. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14 (6), 771-780.Full Text: 2005\Pol J Env Stu14, 771.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of reactive dyes and surfactants onto chitin from mixtures containing surfactants at constant concentration and dyes at variable concentration was investigated in the present study. Two vinylsulfonate dyes (Scarlet R, Brillantorange 3R); chlorotriazine dye (Black DN); anionic (Borutosol KRN, Siarczanol N2) and non-ionic (Rokafenol N-8) surfactants were tested. The experiments were carried out without and with pH adjustment.The research have proved that at pH 6.2 and in surfactants presence the adsorption of vinyl-sulfonate dyes onto chitin was lower than without surfactants (control sample). It was observed that the maximum adsorption capacity of chitin in mixtures of Scarlet R and surfactants was about 3-fold lower than without surfactants and in mixtures of Brillantorange 3R and surfactants was from 2.5 to 4.1-fold lower than in control sample. At pH 3.0 the differences between maximum adsorption capacity of chitin for dyes from aqueous solutions and containing surfactants ranged from 2% (in mixture of Brillantorange 3R and Borutosol KRN) to 23% (in mixture of Scarlet R and Siarczanol N2). The maximum adsorption capacity of chitin for Black DN (chlorotriazyne dye) in surfactants presence (from 140 to 290 mg/dm3) was higher at pH 6.2 as well as at pH 3.0 in comparison to control sample. Rokafenol N-8 was adsorbed the weakest onto chitin from among tested surfactants. At pH 3.0 for vinyl-sulfonate dyes the relationships between mass proportion of dye and surfactant adsorbed onto chitin (Q(dye)/Q(SAA)) and initial concentration proportion of dye and surfactant in solution (C-dye/C-SAA) was nearly linear. This indicates that dyes competed with surfactants of active sites of chitin. SAA - Surface Active Agent (s)Keywords: Reactive Dyes, Surfactants, Chitin, Adsorption, Langmuir, Wheat-Straw, Acid Dye, Chitosan, Removal, Biosorption, Equilibria, EfficiencyHo, Y.S. (2006), Isotherms for the sorption of lead onto peat: Comparison of linear and non-linear methods. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15 (1), 81-86.Full Text: 2006\Pol J Env Stu15, 81.pdfAbstract: A comparison of the linear least-squares method and a trial-and-error non-linear method of three widely used isotherms, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson, were examined in an experiment using lead ion sorption onto peat at different temperatures. The four Langmuir linear equations are discussed. Langmuir isotherm parameters obtained from the four Langmuir linear equations using the linear method differef but they were the same when using the non-linear method. Langmuir-1 is the most popular linear form, and it had the highest coefficient of determination compared with the other Langmuir linear equations. The Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir isotherms produced higher coefficients of determination. The Freundlich isotherm can be applied in a range of lower equilibrium concentrations. The results show that that non-linear method may be a better way to obtain the parameters.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Copper, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Isotherm, Isotherm Parameters, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherms, Lead, Lead Ion, Linear Method, Nickel, Non-Linear, Non-Linear Method, Nonlinear, Nonlinear Method, Peat, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Sorption, Temperature? Klimiuk, E., Gusiatin, Z. and Kabardo, K. (2006), The effectiveness of surfactants adsorption onto chitin and dye-modified chitin. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15 (1), 95-104.Full Text: 2006\Pol J Env Stu15, 95.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of anionic (Borutosol KRN, Siarczanol N2) and nonionic (Rokafenol N-8) surfactants onto chitin and dye-modified chitin (Brillantorange 3R, Scarlet R and Black DN) was investigated. Experiments were carried out at pH 3.0 and pH 6.2. The Langmuir-Freundlich model was used to describe adsorption isotherms. It was proved that adsorption isotherms of SAAs* onto chitin were S-type. The adsorption was the most effective for anionic SAAs. It was stated that adsorption of SAAs onto dye-modified chitin depended on dye type, bound previously onto chitin and on pH adjustment. At pH 3.0, for vinyl dye-modified chitin (Brillantorange 3R, Scarlet R) the highest adsorption capacities at plateau region were stated for Borutosol KRN (320 and 330 mg/g d.w., respectively) and Siarczanol N2 (290 and 310 mg/g d.w.). However, for Black DN-modified chitin, the mass of adsorbed anionic surfactants was distinctly lower - 120 mg/g d.w. for Borutosol KRN and 13 mg/g d.w. for Siarczanol N2. The pH increase from 3.0 to 6.2 caused a drop in amount of SAAs adsorbed at plateau region. Dye solubilization was demonstrated for dye-modified chitin. The amount of dissolved dyes in solution depended on pH adjustment as well as SAA type. At pH 3.0, for anionic SAAs dye solubilization increased clearly with the increase of SAA concentrations. Nonionic Rokafenol N-8 almost did not cause dye solubilization. At pH 6.2 dye solubilization was nearly independent of SAA concentration.Keywords: Acid Dyes, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous-Solution, Basic Dye, Biosorption, Cationic Surfactant, Chitin, Concentration, Dissolved, Drop, Dye, Dye Solubilization, Dye-Modified Chitin, Dyes, Effectiveness, Interface, Isotherms, Langmuir-Freundlich, Model, Nonionic Surfactants, pH, Reactive Dye, Removal, SAAs*, Solubilization, Surface Active Agents, Surfactants? Yavuz, ?. and Aydin, A.H. (2006), Removal of direct dyes from aqueous solution using various adsorbents. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15 (1), 155-161.Full Text: 2006\Pol J Env Stu15, 155.pdfAbstract: Dyestuff production units and dyeing units have always had a pressing need for techniques that allow economical pre-treatment for colour in the effluent. The effectiveness of adsorption for dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment options. Removal of direct dyes [direct yellow 50 (DY50), direct red 80 (DR80) and direct blue 71(DB71)] from an aqueous solution by different adsorbents such as activated carbon, raw kaolinite and montmorillonite was investigated. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. Parameters of the Langmuir isotherm have been determined using the adsorption data. Adsorption capacity of RAC (commercial activated carbon), HAC (activated carbon obtained from shell of hazelnut), KC (raw kaolinite) and MC (montmorillonite) increased in the following order: DY50 > DR80 > DB71, DB71>DR80>DY50, DR80>DB71>DY50 and DB71>DR80 (DY50 showed no absorption) for the direct dyes, respectively.Keywords: Absorption, Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Alternative, Aqueous Solution, Ash, Basic-Dyes, Capacity, Carbon, Colour Removal, Direct Dyes, Dye, Dye Removal, Dyes, Effectiveness, Effluent, Hazelnut, Isotherm, Kaolinite, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Montmorillonite, Pretreatment, Red, Removal, Textile Effluent, Treatment, Wastewaters? Racys, V., Valunas, I. and Dapkiene, M. (2006), Estimation of biomass amount and sorption capacity for technological control of the biosorption process. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15 (2), 311-316.Full Text: 2006\Pol J Env Stu15, 311.pdfAbstract: The paper describes two modified methods to determine the main parameters of the biosorption system. One of them - biomass amount, is an important technological parameter that is needed for technological calculations of the equipment, for the evaluation of oxidation potential and biomass growth in accordance with decomposed pollutants, etc. Typically, VSS (volatile suspended solids) are used as a measure of microorganisms, but accurate evaluation of the organic part of biomass on the sorbent surface is complicated. Thermal investigation methods are based on different sorbent and biomass burning temperatures and the obtained results are suitable for biosorption process control.Another important parameter is sorption capacity of the sorbent used in the process. The theoretical adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is usually estimated for a particular contaminant. The method, which in this case involves use of oil products, has been modified for the purpose of evaluation of this parameter. Quantitative analysis of oil products is quite complicated and time consuming. Therefore a colored and stable organic compound of large molecular size has been chosen. Concentration of this compound in spirit solution has been quickly and exactly estimated with a photoelectrocolorimeter.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Amount of Biomass, Analysis, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Carbon, Control, Evaluation, Growth, Microorganisms, Modified, Molecular, Organic Compound, Oxidation, Pollutants, Powdered Activated-Sludge, Process, Removal, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Systems, Technological Control, Water? Veliev, E.V., Ozturk, T., Veli, S. and Fatullayev, A.G. (2006), Application of diffusion model for adsorption of azo reactive dye on pumice. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15 (2), 347-353.Full Text: 2006\Pol J Env Stu15, 347.pdfAbstract: In this work, adsorption of reactive azo dye on pumice has been studied by using batch techniques. The influence of agitation, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent mass has been studied. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of pumice for dye was obtained by using linear Freundlich isotherm. It was found that pumice could be an appropriate adsorbent in removal of dye from wastewater. In order to explain the adsorption mechanism, a diffusion model was applied, and calculations were made for solid diffusivity, (D-s) and external mass-transfer coefficient (k(f)). The applied diffusion model showed that k(f) was constant for all initial dye concentrations (c(o)), and D-s increased as c(o) did. Furthermore, D-s was found to decrease with increasing adsorbent mass.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Mechanism, Application, Aqueous-Solutions, Ash, Azo Dye, Azo Reactive Dye, Basic-Dyes, Batch, Capacity, Coal, Color Removal, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Dye, Equilibrium, External Mass Transfer Coefficient, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Isotherm, Mass Transfer, Mass Transfer Coefficient, Mechanism, Model, Ozonation, Pumice, Reactive Dye, Removal, Sludge, Waste-Water, Wastewater? Paszko, T. (2006), Sorptive behavior and kinetics of carbendazim in mineral soils. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15 (3), 449-456.Full Text: 2006\Pol J Env Stu15, 449.pdfAbstract: Studies on adsorption, desorption and reaction kinetics of carbendazim in grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loamy sand (Albic Luvisls), grey-brown podzolic soil derived from silt (Haplic Luvisols) and brown soil derived from sandy clay loam (Haplic Cambisols) were carried out. Five concentrations of carbendazim (5.0, 3.8, 2.6, 1.0 and 0.2 ?g · cm-3) in 0.01 mol · dm-3 CaCl2 were used for the 24 h batch adsorption experiments; the desorption experiments were performed by replacing equilibrium solutions with 0.01 mol · dm-3 CaCl2 and shaking again for the same period of time. The experimental data showed a good fit to the Freundlich equation (r2 in the range 0.988-0.997 for adsorption and 0.980-0.999 for desorption). The values of KFads varied from 5.45 in the sandy to 11.81 in the loess soil, the KFdes from 7.82 in the sandy to 17.87 in the loamy soil; the 1/n values for adsorption and desorption were in the range 0.636-0.812. Adsorption/desorption kinetics were investigated for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24 and 48 h reaction times. The adsorp- tion process in all soils and the desorption process in sandy soil was time-dependent, initially proceeding quickly but within approximately one hour it slowed and ran slowly. useful models for the description of presented experimental kinetic data were the two-site model (r2 in the range 0.727-0.994) and the pseudo second-order model (r2 in the range 0.636-0.988).Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Process, Adsorption, Desorption, Atrazine, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Behavior, Benomyl, Cadmium, Carbendazim, Clay, Desorption, Desorption, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Fungicide Carbendazim, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Metalaxyl, Methyl 2-Benzimidazole Carbamate, Model, Montmorillonite, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reaction Kinetics, Second-Order, Soil, Soils? Chojnacka, K. (2006), Biosorption of Cr(III) ions by wheat straw and Grass: A systematic characterization of new biosorbents. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15 (6), 845-852.Full Text: 2006\Pol J Env Stu15, 845.pdfAbstract: Recently, increased interest in the application of various biosorbents in metal ions removal has been observed. The paper presents a systematic characterization of new and commonly abundant low-cost biosorbents: above-ground plant parts of wheat straw and grass. Cr(III) was chosen as a model sorbate. The effect of the most significant process parameters (temperature, pH, initial concentration of Cr(III) ions on kinetics, as well as temperature and pH) on biosorption equilibrium was studied. Biosorption was found to be a quick process. The equilibrium was reached within 10-20 minutes. Biosorption capacity of the studied sorbents was intermediate when compared with other sorbents of plant origin ca. 20 mg/g, but since these materials are commonly abundant and of minimal cost, it is possible to improve wastewater treatment efficiency by increasing the concentration of the sorbent. The kinetics of the process in the case of both biomaterials was described with pseudo-second order equation and the equilibrium of biosorption by wheat straw was described with the Freundlich equation and by grass with the Langmuir model. The above equations were chosen to achieve the best consistency of experimental data with the model results. Also, the mechanism of biosorption was investigated, and was determined to be physical adsorption.The paper also discusses the possible methods of utilization of metal-laden biomass, including non-destructive elution with the regeneration of the biosorbent and ashing as the method of destruction and further concentration of metal.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Biomass, Biomaterials, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption Capacity, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Characterization, Copper(II), Cr(III), Elution, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Grass, Heavy, Interest, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Low Cost, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, pH, Physical Sorption, Plant, Plant-Root Tissues, Process, Process Parameters, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Regeneration, Removal, Sorbate, Sorbent, Sorption Kinetics, Systematic, Temperature, Treatment, Utilization, Vulgaris, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Wheat Straw? Valentukeviciene, M. and Rimeika, M. (2007), Development of a fluidized batch process using natural powdered zeolite (Clinoptilolite). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16 (2), 283-288.Full Text: 2007\Pol J Env Stu16, 283.pdfAbstract: The purpose of this research was to examine water treatment improvement by using natural powdered zeolite (clinoptilolite). Experiments were carried out at a laboratory and in a pilot-scaled water treatment plant. The pilot-scaled plant was fed with groundwater containing a high level of organic compounds from the existing waterworks in Lithuania’s Neringa Region. The content of organic substances in the groundwater - characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD), varied between 5.0 - 40.0 mg O-2 l(-1) and the permanganate index (oxidation by potassium permanganate) 4.0 - 8.0 mg O-2 l(-1) was determined during this case study. There was no significant reduction using conventional water treatment. Laboratory analysis of water quality showed: total iron, ammonium, aluminium residual concentrations, pH, colour (Pt scale), turbidity, COD and permanganate index. The drinking water had an undesirable colour, taste and odour due to high concentrations of organic substances in the groundwater. A fluidized batch process and adsorption of natural powdered zeolite were used for reducing organic substances in the water with the effectiveness of total iron concentration reduction by 96%. Experimental research results are included in the article.Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminium, Ammonium, Analysis, Batch, Clinoptilolite, COD, Drinking Water, Effectiveness, Fluidized Batch Process, Groundwater, Iron, Natural, Organic Compounds, Oxidation, pH, Plant, Potassium, Process, Quality, Reduction, Research, Sorption, Treatment, Water, Water Treatment, Zeolite? Gajdos, L., Pietrelli, L., Ciccarello, A. and Derco, J. (2007), Elimination of polyethylene glycol from aqueous solution using activated carbon. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16 (3), 385-388.Full Text: 2007\Pol J Env Stu16, 385.pdfAbstract: The present study looks at the adsorption of polyethylene glycol onto activated carbon with the different molecular weight. The amount of PEG adsorbed on activated carbon depends on temperatures and pH. The adsorption capacities were detennined through the adsorption isotherms. The results of the adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies show that the adsorption process can be well described with the Langmuir model. After linearization of the Arrhenius equation the activated energy had been estimated.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Process, Aqueous Solution, Carbon, Electroplating Solution, Energy, Granular-Activated Carbon, Identification, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Liquid-Chromatography, Model, Molecular, pH, Polyethylene Glycol, Process, Tandem Mass-Spectrometry, Treatment Plant-Effluents? Yavuz, O., Guzel, R., Aydin, F., Tegin, I. and Ziyadanogullari, R. (2007), Removal of cadmium and lead from aqueous solution by calcite. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16 (3), 467-471.Full Text: 2007\Pol J Env Stu16, 467.pdfAbstract: The removal of toxic cadmiurn(II) and lead(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated using calcite, which is inexpensive and widespread over the globe, as the effective inorganic adsorbent. The experimental data of the removal equilibrium were correlated by either the Langmuir or Freundlich equations. Results indicate that the Langmuir model gave a better fit to the experimental data than the Freundlich equation. Maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 18.52 mg/g Cd and 19.92 mg/g Pb for natural calcite at 25 degrees C, respectively.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Bentonite, Cadmium, Calcite, Cd, Cd2+, Cobalt, Copper, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Kaolinite, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lead, Lead(ii), Manganese, Metals, Model, Natural, Pb, Removal, Sorption? Grabinska-Loniewska, A., Konillowicz-Kowalska, T., Wardzynska, G. and Boryn, K. (2007), Occurrence of fungi in water distribution system. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16 (4), 539-547.Full Text: 2007\Pol J Env Stu16, 539.pdfAbstract: It is demonstrated that contamination of water distribution systems with fungi is determined by the number and species composition of the mycoflora of waters supplying a given Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the effectiveness of their removal in the unit processes of water treatment used. In the water distribution system examined, a significant number of microorganisms occurring in waters supplying the WTP was reduced in the water supplied to the system to 200 cfu 1(-1) following sorption, coagulation, filtration and disinfection processes. Their number did not exceed 267 cfu 1-1 in the water phase in the distribution system while it was as many as 1000-5000-times greater in the biomass “suspended” in it. These organisms occurred sporadically in pipe sediments. Moulds, including species pathogenic and potentially pathogenic to humans and warm-blooded animals, constituted the mycoflora.Keywords: Biofilms, Biomass, Coagulation, Contamination, Cyanobacteria, Drinking-Water, Effectiveness, Filtration, Fungi, Geosmin, Humans, Microorganisms, Occurrence, Odor, Pathogenic Fungi, Potentially Pathogenic Fungi, Removal, River, Sediments, Sorption, Treatment, Water, Water Distribution System, Water Treatment? Erdogan, S., Baysal, A., Akba, O. and Hamamci, C. (2007), Interaction of metals with humic acid isolated from oxidized coal. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16 (5), 671-675.Full Text: 2007\Pol J Env Stu16, 671.pdfAbstract: The sorption behaviour of divalent cations M2+ (Cu, Pb and Zn) and trivalent cations M2+ (Fe, Al) with humic acid isolated from oxidized coal (Hazro,SE Anatolia,Turkey) was followed in aqueous solution. Coal humic acid and metal ion interaction was investigated with special emphasis on the effects of pH, metal ion concentration and humic acid concentration. It has been found that the interaction of humic acid with metal ions in solution increases with pH, decreases with metal ion concentration and increases with humic acid concentration. The differences in sorption ability of particular metal ions on oxidized coal-derived humic acid are Fe> Ph> Cu> A> Zn and Fe> Pb> A> Cu> Zn at pH 2.5 and 3.5, respectively, while they are Fe=Pb=Cu=Al> Zn at both pH 4.5 and 5.5. The interaction of some trivalent (Fe, Al) and divalent(Cu, Pb, Zn) metal ions with humic acid prepared from coal was also studied using FTIR spectroscopy. This has proven helpful with respect to metal binding to understand better the potential sites of binding within the humic acid. Infrared spectroscopy showed the participation of COOH and OH groups in binding to the metal ions.Keywords: Ability, Acid, Adsorption, Air, Aqueous Solution, Binding, Cation, Cations, Coal, Complexation, Cu, Differences, FTIR, Heavy-Metals, Humic, Humic Acid, Ions, Metal, Metal Ion, Metal Ion Concentration, Metal Ions, Metals, Participation, Pb, pH, Rank, Soil, Soil Pollution, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Substances, Zn? Min, S.H., Eberhardt, T.L. and Jang, M. (2007), Base-treated juniper fiber media for removing heavy metals in stormwater runoff. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16 (5), 731-738.Full Text: 2007\Pol J Env Stu16, 731.pdfAbstract: The viability of base-treated juniper fiber (BTJF) media for removing toxic heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+ Pb2+, Zn2+) in stormwater runoff was investigated. The sorption ability of the BTJF for all metals was much higher than that of untreated juniper. The affinity sequence of both materials, BTJF and untreated juniper, was Ph > Cu > Zn Cd. This order is explained by the hydrolysis constants for each metal. A metal desorption and column regeneration test using 0.1 M nitric acid showed that the metal sorption capacity declined slightly from 136.3 to 119.2 mu mole/g in the first two cycles and then more significantly at the third and fourth regeneration, 72.3 and 83.1 mu mole/g, respectively. Based on the hydraulic conductivity test of BTJF of different size classes, it can be deduced that there is no major headloss-related disadvantage in using BTJF instead of sand as stormwater filter media if the particle size of the BTJF is similar to that for sand.Keywords: Acid, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd, Cd2+, Column, Copper, Cu, Cu2+, Design, Desorption, Fiber, Filter, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Hydraulic Conductivity, Hydrolysis, Juniper, Metal, Metal Sorption, Metals, Pb2+, Quality Enhancement, Regeneration, Sand Filter, Sorption, Stormwater, Viability, Waste-Water, Zn, Zn2+? Wieczorek, S. (2008), Assessing the influence of adsorbent bed (Tree bark) parameters on the reduction of ammonia emissions from animal husbandry. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17 (1), 147-154.Full Text: 2008\Pol J Env Stu17, 147.pdfAbstract: The influence of an adsorbent bed height made of tree bark on ammonia emission reduction was investigated under two scenarios: for constant mass of adsorbent and for adsorbent mass as a function of bed height. In both cases, measurements were performed on adsorptive beds of comparable height; other experimental conditions are presented in the part of the paper dealing with research methodology. The choice of tree bark as adsorbent material has been dictated by the results of preliminary research that was conducted on other biodegradable adsorbents in order to fulfill the basic assumption, i.e. that such materials, saturated with ammonia, should serve as natural organic fertilizer in plant production. The amount of ammonia adsorbed on tree bark increased linearly with the increasing height of the adsorbent bed. These results were analyzed together with the data on reduced ammonia emissions, including the amount of adsorbed pollution and bed height. Moreover, the ratio of bed height to the adsorber inner diameter (h/d(w)) was used in data analysis. For the given optimal height of an adsorbent bed, the most appropriate time for replacing tree bark is when breakthrough first occurs.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Ammonia, Analysis, Animal Husbandry, Biodegradable, Experimental, Liquid, Manure, Methodology, Model, Natural, Plant, Pollution, Ratio, Reduction, Reduction of Ammonia Emission, Research, Tree Bark, Volatilization? Michel, M. and Buszewski, B. (2008), Isolation, determination and sorption modelling of xenobiotics in plant materials. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17 (3), 305-319.Full Text: 2008\Pol J Env Stu17, 305.pdfAbstract: Crop models use mathematical equations to simulate the physical and chemical processes that generally control the uptake, translocation, and sorption of xenobiotics in all part of plants. Each compartment is anatomically characterized and described by a series of mathematical equations. Sample preparation, such as liquid extraction methods and solid-phase-based methods are presented. Analysis of xenobiotics are generally carried out by gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to different detectors, especially to mass spectrometers (MSs) and hyphenated techniques that have become extremely developed in recent years. As an example the wheat plant, as a model to describe xenobiotic uptake by roots and sorption of xenobiotic in grain, is applied.Keywords: As, Carbendazim Residue, Control, Extraction, Food, Food Analysis, Liquid-Chromatography, Mass-Spectrometry, Mathematical-Model, Model, Modeling, Modelling, Organic-Chemicals, Pesticide Residue, Plant, Plants, Preparation, Root Uptake, Sample Preparation, Sample-Preparation, Separation Techniques, Soil, Solid-Phase Dispersion, Sorption, Uptake, Xenobiotics? Zebrowski, W., Ligor, T. and Buszewski, B. (2008), Study of chlorothalonil uptake in selected plant materials. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17 (3), 321-326.Full Text: 2008\Pol J Env Stu17, 321.pdfAbstract: The objective of this work was to create a sorption model of different pesticides in plant material. The above-quoted model includes graphic curves describing the pesticide’s behaviour in time (concentration level) depending on the place of sorption. Apart from curves the model also includes mathematical equations that allow us to predict the concentration of a pesticide in time function. The model has been developed based on research data obtained in a special experimental device. This article accounts for the transportation model of chosen xenobiotics in plants. Chlorothalonil were used as a model pesticide. Chlorothalonil is a nonsystemic fungicide that has been used to control disease of many fruits, vegetables, and other agricultural crops. As a method of sample preparation supercritical fluid extraction was used. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The detection limit (LOD) of chlorothalonil was on level 0.01 mu g/g. and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was level on 0.03 mu g/g.Keywords: Analysis, As, Bioconcentration, Chlorothalonil, Control, Disease, Experimental, Extraction, Fruits, Fungicide, Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Model, Model, Organic-Chemicals, Pesticide, Pesticides, Plant, Plants, Preparation, Qualitative, Quantitative, Research, Residues, Sample Preparation, Sorption, Spectrometry, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Transportation, Uptake, Vegetables, Xenobiotics? Mrozik, W., Nichthauser, J. and Stepnowski, P. (2008), Prediction of the adsorption coefficients for imidazolium ionic liquids in soils using cyanopropyl stationary phase. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17 (3), 383-388.Full Text: 2008\Pol J Env Stu17, 383.pdfAbstract: Because of potential widespread application of ionic liquids in industrial processes, they should be evaluated before being allowed to enter the environment. The sorption of the substance on soil and sediment is an essential parameter in a new approach of chemical design. The HPLC method involving cyanopropyl-reversed phases for determining sorption coefficients may be an alternative tool in predicting the soil sorption properties of a variety of compounds in comparison to traditional laboratory methods. We obtain significant correlation of capacity factors, log k’, and organic carbon normalized sorption coefficients, log K(oc), for the set of homologous ionic liquids (1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts) for meadow soils, CL1, CL2 and agricultural soils AG2, AG3 (R(2)=0.97, 0.97, 0.98 and 0.99, respectively). Results for marine sediment are also significant (R(2)=0.99). The correlation with forest soil, WO and peat, PE data is also reasonably good (R(2)= 0.92 and R(2)=0.94). However, the set including both 1-alkyl-3-methyliinidazolium and 1-alkyl-3-ethylimidazolium salts gives good results only for CL1, AG2, PE soil and marine sediment SE (R(2)=0.93, 0.94, 0.95 and 0.94). These differences may be explained due to molecular structure of the ionic liquids used and properties of the soil (cation exchange capacities and organic matter content).Keywords: Adsorption, Agricultural Soils, Alternative, Aromatic-Hydrocarbons, Capacity, Carbon, Cation Exchange, Cations, Cyanopropyl Phase, Design, Differences, Environment, HPLC, Hplc Retention Factors, Humic-Acid Column, Ionic Liquids, KOC, Molecular, Organic Carbon, Organic Matter, Organic-Compounds, Peat, Prediciton, Prediction, RP-HPLC, Screening Method, Sediment, Sediments, Soil, Sorption, Sorption Coefficients, Traditional? Szlachta, M. and Adamski, W. (2009), Empirical formulae for efficiency of DOM removal by adsorption determined on the basis of bench-scale results. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 18 (3), 481-486.Full Text: 2009\Pol J Env Stu18, 481.pdfAbstract: The adsorption process of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from natural water, using the commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC) Norit SA Super, was studied in two variants. In one of the variants adsorption was conducted as a separate process. In the second, adsorption onto PAC was regarded as a process that supports coagulation. In both instances the efficiency of organic matter removal was expressed as the ratio of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (persisting in the water upon the termination of the process) to the initial DOC concentration in raw water. Experimental results were used to derive parameters of empirical formulae describing the efficiency of DOM removal by PAC adsorption.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Process, Carbon, Coagulation, Dissolved Organic Carbon, DOC, Efficiency, Mathematical Modelling, Natural, Natural Water, NOM, Organic Carbon, Organic Matter, PAC, Powdered Activated Carbon, Process, Ratio, Removal, Water, Water Treatment? Shao, L., Xu, Z.X., Jin, W. and Yin, H.L. (2009), Rice husk as carbon source and biofilm carrier for water denitrification. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 18 (4), 693-699.Full Text: 2009\Pol J Env Stu18, 693.pdfAbstract: We investigated rice husk as the sole carbon source as well as biofilm carrier in the biological denitrification of wastewater in up-flow laboratory reactors. Fast startup of the reactor and high nitrate removal efficiency was observed. The highest denitrification rate (about 0.096kg/m(3).d) was achieved when flow rate and nitrate concentration were 41.4L/d and 25.0mg/L, respectively Flow rate and nitrate concentration of the influent were observed to have a significant effect on nitrate removal efficiency. The reactor had the ability to accommodate a wide range of pH (6.5-8.5) and DO (1.5-4mg/L). A time-dependent decrease in nitrate removal efficiency was observed after 72 days of operation. And the addition of new rice husk brought about a rapid increase of nitrate removal efficiency. Results showed that rice husks can be an economical and effective carbon source for the nitrate removal process.Keywords: Adsorption, Biofilm, Biofilm Carrier, Biological Denitrification, Biological Denitrification, Carbon, Carbon Source, Cotton, Donax, Drinking-Water, Glycyrrhiza-Glabra, Groundwater, Nitrate, Nitrate Removal, pH, Process, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Removal Process, Rice, Rice Husk, Substrate, Wastewater, Water? Bai, Y. and Bartkiewicz, B. (2009), Removal of cadmium from wastewater using ion exchange resin Amberjet 1200H columns. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 18 (6), 1191-1195.Full Text: 2009\Pol J Env Stu18, 1191.pdfAbstract: The aim of this study was to remove Cd2+ by ion-exchange resin Amberjet 1200H in flow condition. The adsorption characteristics of metal onto the resin were accurately described by Freundlich isotherms. The ion exchange of cadmium on resin follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. Ion exchange capacities of the cadmium on the ion exchange resin was studied in metal solution. The capacities of sorption were 3.0 meq Cd/g, and the resin can be generated by HCl.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Cadmium, Cd2+, Characteristics, Column, Flow, Freundlich, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metals, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Resin, Ion-Exchange, Ion-Exchange Resin, Ionexchange, Isotherms, Kinetics, Metal, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Regeneration, Removal, Resin, Solution, Sorption, Synthetic Resin, Wastewater? Ge, P., Li, F.T. and Zhang, B.R. (2010), Synthesis of modified mesoporous materials and comparative studies of removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (2), 301-308.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 301.pdfAbstract: The functionalized mesoporous’ potential ability of binding heavy metals using different templates, namely cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB) (adsorbent A) and triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123, EO20PO70EO20, Mav = 5800) (adsorbent B), was evaluated. The synthesized materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen gas sorption, FT-IR and solid-state (13)C and (29)Si NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry (TGA) measurements. In the adsorption experiment, the effects of several variables (stirring time, pH and presence of other metals in the medium) were studied. On the basis of these results, it was observed that the adsorption capacities were higher for adsorbent B than adsorbent A. The results also confirmed that the ureido group (CO-NH(2)) has a good affect of binding metal ion.Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Cd(II), Character, Cu(II), Electroplating Waste-Water, FT-IR, FTIR, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Ions, MCM-41, Mesoporous, Mesoporous Silica, Metal, Metal Ion, Metals, Modified, Modified Rice Husk, Nitrogen, NMR, pH, Removal, Silica, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Synthesis, TGA, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD? Hiller, E., Cernansky, S. and Zemanova, L. (2010), Sorption, degradation and leaching of the phenoxyacid herbicide mcpa in two agricultural soils. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (2), 315-321.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 315.pdfAbstract: MCPA is the phenoxyacid herbicide widely used for weed control in cereals in Slovakia. However, little is known on the processes governing the environmental fate of MCPA in soils from Slovakia. Laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the sorption, desorption, degradation, and leaching behavior of MCPA in two agricultural soils with high sand content and different soil organic carbon content. The extent of MCPA sorption was higher in chernitsa than that in regosol, in accordance with the higher organic carbon content of the former soil than the latter. MCPA was readily desorbed from soils with 10 mmol l(-1) CaCl(2) solution with the desorption rate ranging from 44.5 to 77.5% of the sorbed MCPA. The half-life values showed that the degradation of MCPA was fast in chernitsa (t(1/2) = 2.2 days) and almost six times faster than in regosol (t(1/2) = 11.7 days). Leaching tests, performed in manually packed soil columns, indicated that MCPA was more mobile in regosol than in chernitsa with 16.44% of the applied MCPA recovered in the leachates of regosol, and 1.12% found in the leachates of chernitsa. Thus, differences in the leaching behavior of MCPA coincided well with the results of the batch sorption and degradation experiments.Keywords: 2,4-D, Acid, Adsorption, Agricultural Soils, Batch, Behavior, Carbon, Control, Degradation, Desorption, Desorption, Differences, Environmental, Glyphosate, Herbicide, Leaching, Mcpa, Mineralization, Mobility, Organic Carbon, Persistence, Pesticide, Pesticides, Soil, Sorption, Weed? Pietrzak, R., Nowicki, P. and Wachowska, H. (2010), Ammoxidized active carbons as adsorbents for pollution from liquid and gas phases. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (2), 449-452.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 449.pdfAbstract: The influence of modification by pre- and post-treatment of active carbons with ammonia on adsorption abilities from liquid and gas phases has been tested. Carbon materials with different surface chemistry were obtained by chemical activation of Polish brown and subbituminous coal. The products were microporous active carbon samples of well developed surface area (S(BET) from 1579 to 2,922 m(2)/g), containing from 0.3 to 7.4 wt% of nitrogen. The results obtained in our study have, moreover, proven that a suitable choice of the modification procedure for coals can produce activated carbons with high capacity of iodine adsorption (to 2,100 mg/g) and high nitrogen dioxide adsorption ability, reaching to 55.1 mg NO2/g.Keywords: Activated Carbons, Activation, Active Carbon, Active Carbons, Adsorption, Ammonia, Ammoxidation, Capacity, Carbon, Carbons, Chemical Activation, Fibers, Modification, Nitrogen, NO2 Adsorption, NO2, Phenol, Pollution, Reduction, Surface Area? Urik, M., Kramarova, Z., Sevc, J., Cernansky, S., Kalis, M., Medved, J., Littera, P., Kolencik, M. and Gardosova, K. (2010), Biosorption and bioaccumulation of thallium(I) and its effect on growth of Neosartorya fischeri strain. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (2), 457-460.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 457.pdfAbstract: Little is known about thallium behavior in the environment, especially its interactions with microorganisms such as fungi. This article evaluates basic interactions (bioaccumulation, biosorption and growth inhibition) between thallium and the common heat-resistant fungal species Neosartorya fischeri. The results suggest that the N. fischeri strain is relatively resistant to elevated concentrations of thallium in cultivation media up to I mg.l(-1). However, the toxic effect of thallium on fungal growth depends on the time of cultivation, and after 30-day cultivation growth inhibition was reduced. The bioaccumulation of thallium after 30-day cultivation by fungal strain was 35.74 mg.kg(-1) and 432.91 mg.kg(-1) for initial concentration 1.012 and 4.861 mg.l(-1) of Tl(I) in medium, respectively. The biosorption capacity was calculated to be 11.77 mg-kg and 62.01 mg-kg(-1) for initial concentration 1.012, and 4.861 mg-1(-1) of Tl(I) in medium, respectively.Keywords: Behavior, Bioaccumulation, Biosorption, Capacity, Environment, Fungal Growth, Fungi, Growth, Health, Inhibition, Microorganisms, Thallium, Toxicity? Pietrzak, R. (2010), The effect of carbonization and activation on NO2 sorptive capacity of adsorbents obtained from sewage sludge. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (3), 659-662.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 659.pdfAbstract: The effect of the processes of carbonization and activation on adsorbents obtained from sewage sludge and evaluation of the sorption properties of such adsorbents towards NO(2) was studied. Carbonaceous adsorbents were obtained by carbonization of sludge at 600 degrees C for four different times (30, 60,90 and 120 min.) followed by activation of the carbonisates by CO(2) at 800 degrees C for 60 min. Adsorption of NO(2) was carried out in dry air. It has been shown that by appropriate thermal and chemical treatment of sludge, mesoporous adsorbents can be obtained that are capable of NO(2) removal. The activation of the carbonisates with CO(2) was found to substantially improve their sorption properties. The best NO(2) sorption capacity from among the samples obtained by carbonization at 600 degrees C or by carbonization at 600 degrees C followed by activation by CO2 at 800 degrees C was obtained for the samples carbonised for 90 minutes.Keywords: Activation, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Capacity, Carbonaceous Adsorbents, Carbonization, Carbons, CO2, CO2 Activation, Evaluation, NO2 Adsorption, Removal, Sewage, Sewage Sludge, Shell, Sludge, Sorption, Treatment, Water? Bezak-Mazur, E., Dabek, L. and Ozimina, E. (2010), Assessing the sorption capacity of sewage sludge with respect to organic halogen derivative compounds. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (4), 677-684.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 677.pdfAbstract: This paper determines the sorption capacity of sewage sludge of various organic substances in relation to halogen organic compounds, which are among the main environmental contaminants. The assessment is based on iodine adsorption values and the p-chlorophenol adsorption isotherms. Additionally, the leaching efficiency of p-chlorophenol from sludge into the water solution under the influence of selected physical and chemical factors such as UV radiation, electric discharges and freeze-thaw conditioning has been examined. The results suggest that sewage sludge shows good sorption capacity and that under favourable conditions only a portion of adsorbed p-chlorophenol was leached to the aqueous phase.Keywords: Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX), Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Assessment, Capacity, Environmental, Environmental Contaminants, Isotherms, Leaching, Organic Compounds, P-Chlorophenol, Sewage, Sewage Sludge, Sludge, Sorption, UV Radiation, Water? Kabsch-Korbutowicz, M. and Urbanowska, A. (2010), Water treatment in integrated process using ceramic membranes. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (4), 731-737.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 731.pdfAbstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of water treatment in the ion exchange process (with the use of MIEX (R) resin), in ultrafiltration, and in a hybrid process composed of ion exchange and ultrafiltration. The influence of MTEX (R) resin dose on the efficiency of natural organic matter (NOM) removal was analyzed. CeramINSIDE ceramic membrane modules (TAMI Industries) were Used in the experiments. Based on obtained results, it might be stated that magnetic ion-exchange resin is effective in NOM separation from natural waters. The use of the MIEX (R) DOC process prior to ultrafiltration increased permeate quality and partly reduced the intensity of membrane fouling, especially for high MWCO membranes. Even very low MIEX (R) resin doses improved final water quality. Moreover, water treatment in the hybrid process eliminated secondary pollution of water by residual resin.Keywords: Adsorption, Doc, Fractions, Hybrid Process, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Resin, Ion-Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Low, Magnetic Ion Exchange, Membranes, Microfiltration, Miex, Molecular-Weight, Natural, Natural Organic Matter, Natural Organic-Matter, Nom, Organic Matter, Pollution, Pretreatment, Process, Quality, Removal, Resin, Separation, Treatment, Ultrafiltration, Ultrafiltration, Water, Water Treatment? Lewandowska, A. and Walorczyk, S. (2010), Carbendazim residues in the soil and their bioavailability to plants in four successive harvests. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (4), 757-761.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 757.pdfAbstract: In this work, long-term outdoor lysimeter investigations using (14)C-labeled carbendazim (MBC) were carried out. At the start of the experiment a single application of MBC into the soil was performed, then barley as a test plant was sowed in four vegetative seasons. The disappearance of MBC in the soil comprised two phases. In the first phase, disappearance of extractable and the formation of bound residues occurred simultaneously. In the second phase, further degradation of both kinds of residues was observed. Approximately 33% of the applied radiocarbon was retained in the top soil layer, even four years after application (mostly ‘soil-bound’). The residues taken up by plants depended mainly on the level of extractable MBC in the soil, but the residues in plants were detected as extractable and bound as well. In the barley harvested in the first growing season, the residues were the highest and were present in all parts of the plant. After the fourth season only barley roots were contaminated with bound residues.Keywords: Adsorption, Benomyl, Bioavailability, Bound Pesticide-Residues, Bound Residues, Carbendazim, Degradation, Earthworms, Extractable Residues, Field, Fungicides, Plant, Plants, Soil, Xenobiotics? Wang, S.L., Nan, Z.R., Liu, X.W., Zhang, G.Z. and Zhao, Z.J. (2010), Availability and speciation of Cu, Zn, and Pb added to irrigated desert soil. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (4), 865-869.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 865.pdfAbstract: Potential risks for human health and adverse effects on soil quality caused by accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Pb arising from the mining and smelting of heavy metals in northwestern China have long been recognized. An incubation experiment was conducted to study the availability and speciation of Cu, Zn, and Pb in the irrigated desert soil from the oasis regions of northwestern China. The quantities of Cu, Zn, and Pb extracted by NH(4)NO(3) extractant increased with the quantities of Cu, Zn, and Pb added. At every metal concentration added, the quantities of heavy metals extracted by the NH(4)NO(3) extractant decreased in the order: Cu>Zn>Pb. The sorption mechanism of Cu, Zn, and Pb was mainly not ion exchange, but specific sorption or precipitation. In lower added concentrations (100 mg/kg), most Cu and Pb was extracted in their reducible fraction and oxidizable fraction, probably because Cu and Pb mainly were sorbed to high energy sites. In higher added concentrations, most Cu, Zn, and Pb was extracted in its more mobile fraction (acetic acid soluble fraction), possibly because the irrigated desert soil contains high CaCO(3) and less organic matter. Acetic acid soluble fraction among Cu, Zn, and Pb at very initial concentrations was in the order: Zn>Cu>Pb; both reducible fraction and oxidizable fraction were in the order: Pb>Cu>Zn.Keywords: Acid, Adverse Effects, Arid-Zone Soils, Availability, Baiyin, China, Components, Copper, Cu, Desorption, Energy, Heavy Metals, Human, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Mechanism, Metal, Metals, Organic Matter, Pb, Precipitation, Quality, Redistribution, Soil, Sorption, Speciation, Toxic Heavy-Metals? Ahmad, A., Ghufran, R. and Wahid, Z.A. (2010), Cd, As, Cu, and Zn transfer through dry to rehydrated biomass of spirulina platensis from wastewater. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (5), 887-893.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 887.pdfAbstract: Phytoremediation of Cd, As, Cu, and Zn by Spirulina Platensis is one of the most cost-effective approaches and environmental friendly technologies used to remediate contaminants from contaminated water. The removal rates of Cd, As, Cu, and Zn in the field experiment were 14.95, 9.45, 35.55, and 73.95 mu g/g/d, respectively. The highest concentrations of these metals accumulated in S. Platensis after 90 d of the laboratory/field collected samples were 58.9/98.68, 29.86/47.98, 43.28/235.86, and 249.67/390.65 mu g/g dry wt., respectively, over the experiment. Only 55% Cd, 35% As, 85% Cu, and 95% of Zn removed from the water were used by S. Platensis. The bioconcentration factors were recorded for the metals in field/laboratory: for Cd (BCF=90/536), As (BCF=135/2,155), Cu (BCF=34,200/62,300) and Zn (BCF=32,500/95,300). The data obtained suggest that cyanobacterium S. Platensis has promising potential and can be used in a synergistic way to remediate wastewater polluted by Cd, As, Cu, and Zn.Keywords: Aquatic Plants, Arsenic Accumulation, As, Bioccumaulation, Bioconcentration Factors (BCFS), Biomass, Biosorption, Cd, Cu, Cyanobacterium, Duckweed, Environmental, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, l., Metals, Natural-Waters, Pb, Phytoremediation, Phytoremediation, Removal, S, S.Platensis, Wastewater, Water, Zn? Walna, B., Spychalski, W. and Ibragimow, A. (2010), Fractionation of iron and manganese in the horizons of a nutrient-poor forest soil profile using the sequential extraction method. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (5), 1029-1037.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 1029.pdfAbstract: Soil iron and manganese fractionation is evaluated in the soil profile sampled from a pine-covered area of Wielkopolski National Park (mid-western Poland), that for years has been exposed to acid rain. The soils studied are sands and loamy sands with a pH of 3.3-4.4. The content of iron and manganese was analyzed by sequential extraction in the following fractions: exchangeable, acid extractable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual. The soil profile displays a lithogenically dichotomous structure that is reflected in the iron and manganese content, especially in the Fe residual fraction and Mn oxidizable fraction. In terms of the lability of manganese, it can be stated that the amount of manganese in reducible fractions (Mn(red)) is higher than in exchangeable and acid extractable ones (except in the surface layer), while the amounts of manganese in fractions in which it is poorly available (Mn(ox)) and unavailable (Mn(res)) are lower than that of Mn(red). For iron, this sequence looks as follows: Fe(ex)<Fe(ac.ext)<Fe(red), while the amounts of iron in fractions in which it is poorly available (Fe(ox)) and unavailable (Fe(res)) are similar and decidedly predominant. The availability of the most readily released iron and manganese lessens with depth, and of the remaining forms grows in accordance with the change in lithology.Keywords: Acid, Acid Rain, Acidification, Adsorption, Al, Availability, Depth, Extraction, Fe Oxides, Fractionation, Heavy-Metals, Iron, Manganese, Mn, Natural Surface-Coatings, Organic Material, Ph, Profile, Sediment, Sequential Extraction, Soil, Soil Profile, Speciation? Zmudzniski, W. (2010), Removal of o-cresol from water by adsorption/photocatalysis. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 19 (6), 1353-1359.Full Text: 2010\Pol J Env Stu19, 1353.pdfAbstract: This paper presents the results of research on o-cresol adsorption on both C(ative) and TiO(2)/C(ative), and its photocatalytic oxidation on TiO(2)/C(ative). It was found that o-cresol adsorption on C(ative) was slow: equilibrium adsorption was reached after more than 20 hours. Adsorption isotherm fulfilled Langmuir equation: q(infinity) = 1.153 mmole.g(-1), K=1,324 dm(3).mole(-1). The adsorption was reversible. TiO(2)/C(ative) as adsorbent behaved similarly to itself, although the amount of o-cresol adsorbed per 1 g of TiO(2)/C(ative) was about 10% smaller. It was concluded, based on the results of two-step experiments, that adsorption and photocatalysis (both the o-cresol dissolved in water and that partly desorbed from the surface of active carbon) was photooxidized when illumination of TiO(2)/C(ative) followed 26-hour adsorption of the substrate on the photocatalyst-on-adsorbent. The loss of o-cresol dissolved in water fulfilled the 1(st) order reaction kinetics. It was found in separate experiments that in the presence of illuminated titania, o-cresol molecules underwent hydroxylation preferentially in para position vs. original OH group. Hydroxylation of ortho position vs. original OH and of the CH(3) group was much slower.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Active Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Batch, Biodegradation, C(Active), TiO2, Carbon, Degradation, Equilibrium, Flow Reactor, Intermediates, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, O-Cresol, Oxidation, Phenol, Photo-Fenton Processes, Photocatalysis, Photocatalytic, Photocatalytic Decomposition, Reaction Kinetics, Removal, Research, TiO2, Water? Anielak, A.M. and Schmidt, R. (2011), Sorption of lead and cadmium cations on natural and manganese-modified zeolite. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (1), 15-19.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 15.pdfAbstract: Our work shows that active masses modified with manganese that are used to remove Mn(II) and Fe(II) can also remove the heavy metals Pb and Cd. The study was conducted for solutions with a concentration of cation 100 mg/L and demonstrated the high correlation between hydroxo-complexs and their potential, and the process of removing investigated metals (Pb and Cd).Keywords: Adsorption, Cadmium, Cations, Cd, Cleaning Waste Water, Cleaning Water, Heavy Metals, Humic-Acid, Lead, Metals, Mn(II), Modified, Organic-Acids, Pb, Process, Sorption, Sorption Cd, Sorption Pb, Zeolite? Falkowska, M., Pietryczuk, A., Piotrowska, A., Bajguz, A., Grygoruk, A. and Czerpak, R. (2011), The effect of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) on growth, metal biosorption and metabolism of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) beijerinck exposed to cadmium and lead stress. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (1), 53-59.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 53.pdfAbstract: The aim of this work was to show how gibberellic acid (GA(3)) affects growth, metal biosorption, and the content of essential metabolites (cell number, proteins, monosaccharides, chlorophyll a and b, and total carotenoids) in unicellular green algae Chlorella vulgaris treated with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) during 3 days of culture. Under the influence of 10(-5) M GA(3), algal cells bioaccumulated and bioconcentrated toxic metals from nutrient medium in a dose- and exposure-dependent manner. Moreover, this phytohormone protected C. vulgaris against Pb and Cd stress at a range of low concentrations 10(-7)-10(-6) M inducing the increase in cell number and protein, photosynthetic pigment, and monosaccharide content in the culture. However, GA(3) was not able to minimize the harmful effects of the highest dose (10(-4) M) of Cd and Pb, because growth inhibition and reduction in metabolite level was observed. The data suggest that GA(3) plays an important role in the growth and metabolism of microalgae C. vulgaris exposed to heavy metal stress and its adaptation ability to a low-level polluted aquatic environment.Keywords: Acid, Adaptation, Algae, Aquatic Environment, Biosorption, Cadmium, Carotenoids, Cd, Cell Number, Chlorophylls, Copper, Culture, Environment, Gibberellic Acid (Ga(3)), Green Algae, Growth, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metals, Inhibition, Lead, Low, Maize Plants, Metabolites, Metal, Metal Biosorption, Metals, Monosaccharides, Pb, Ph, Photosynthesis, Phytochelatins, Pigment, Proteins, Reduction, sp., Stress, Total Carotenoids, Toxic Metals, Toxicity? Fu, J., Chen, Y.J., Ju, J.Y., Li, Q.S., An, S.Q. and Zhu, H.L. (2011), Treating dye wastewater of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-modified bentonite with polyacrylamide flocculant. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (1), 61-66.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 61.pdfAbstract: We studied the removal of K-2BP from aqueous solution by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-modified bentonite with polyacrylamide flocculant (CTAC-bentonite/PAM). The preliminary results disclose that the CTAC modification method can potentially enhance the removal efficency of bentonite and, by combination with PAM, the adsorbed bentonite can settle within a short sedimentation time. In addition, alkaline condition is favorable for the adsorption; however, temperature influence is weak. Considering the high efficiency and low cost, CTAC-bentonite/PAM could broadly extend in the treatments of dye wastewater.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic Dye, Bentonite, Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride, Dye, Exfoliated Graphite, Flocculant, Low, Low Cost, Methylene-Blue, Modification, Montmorillonite, Polyacrylamide, Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, Removal, Sedimentation, Sorption, Temperature, Ultrasound, Wastewater? Cycon, M., Lewandowska, A. and Piotrowska-Seget, Z. (2011), Comparison of mineralization dynamics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in soils of different textures. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (2), 293-301.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 293.pdfAbstract: The degradation behaviour of 2,4-D and MCPA in four types of soil were determined from measurements of (14)CO(2) evolution over a period of 100 clays. The total (14)C-organic volatile compounds evaporated from the soils during the experimental period and the residual (14)C in the soils at the end of the incubation period was also determined. The degree of mineralization was different for tested pesticides, and did not exceed 30% for 2,4-D or 46% for MCPA. The greatest mineralization of 2,4-D occurred in sandy soils containing the least amount of organic carbon, while in the case of MCPA, the highest level of mineralization was observed in loamy sand and silt loam soils. Volatilization was the most important mechanism of 2,4-D loss from soils and accounted for 46.6% of the total applied close for sandy loam soil. The emission of volatile organic substances from MCPA-treated soils was lower, with the maximum value of 10.5% being emitted from silt soil. A significant amount of the introduced radioactive material was recovered as residues. The level of (14)C-extractable residues for pesticides was low and ranged from 0.9% to 4.9% of total radioactivity. However, the level of (14)C-bound residues was significantly greater and ranged from 14.6% to 43.2% of total radioactivity.Keywords: 2,4-D, Adsorption, Agricultural Soil, Bioavailability, Bound Residues, Carbon, Degradation, Desorption, Dynamics, Evolution, Experimental, Extractable Residues, Kinetics, Low, Mcpa, Mechanism, Mineralization, Organic Carbon, Organic-Matter, Pesticides, Soil, Sorption, Vineyard-Devoted Soils? Ge, P. and Li, F.T. (2011), Kinetics and thermodynamics of heavy metal Cu(II) adsorption on mesoporous silicates. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (2), 339-344.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 339.pdfAbstract: Investigations were conducted to study the adsorption behavior of heavy metal Cu(II) on the mesoporous silicate SBA-15 (CONH2-SBA-15) in aqueous medium by varying parameters such as contact time, temperature, ionic strength, and competing ions. Heavy metal adsorption was broadly independent of initial metal concentration. Competing ions in the aqueous solution had a small effect on the adsorption of Cu(II) on CONH2-SBA-15. The adsorption data for Cu(II) fit well with the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models. Kinetic studies showed that the kinetic data are well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Initial adsorption rate increases with an increase in temperature. The intraparticle diffusion model was the best in describing the adsorption kinetics for the Cu(II) on CONH2-SBA-15. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Thermodynamics, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Cu(II), Gases, Heavy Metal, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Linked Chitosan Beads, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Mesoporous, Mesoporous Materials, Organic Pollutants, Reactive Dye, Removal, SBA-15, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamics, Waste-Water? Holda, A., Kisielowska, E. and Niedoba, T. (2011), Bioaccumulation of Cr(VI) ions from aqueos solutions by Aspergillus niger. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (2), 345-349.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 345.pdfAbstract: Our paper presents biological Cr(VI) removal from water solution by applying a clean fungi culture, namely Aspergillus niger. The growth of the organism and removal of chromium(VI) were clone in water solution of various chromium(VI) contents and at optimal pH value. During 14 days of incubation, samples of 5 ml each were collected daily to determinate chromium(VI) contents in solution. Then the efficiency of this biological removal was also specified. The Cr(VI) removal process may occur via reduction, biosorption, or bioaccumulation pathways. To determine which pathway may be used in the study the Cr(III) contents were also determined in the samples as well chromium contents in ooze after mycelium irrigating and in mycelium.Keywords: Aspergillus niger, Batch, Bioaccumulation, Biological Removal, Biosorption, Chromium, Chromium(VI), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Removal, Culture, Dead Fungal Biomass, Desorption, Detoxification, Growth, Hexavalent Chromium, Ions, Microscopic Fungi, pH, pH Value, Process, Reduction, Removal, Removal Process, Sorption, Strains, Waste-Water, Water? Gasior, J. and Puchalski, C. (2011), Reaction of degraded chernozem to acidification. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (3), 655-660.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 655.pdfAbstract: Soil acidification in top layers (measured as its intensity and range in soil profile) is related to the value of acid rainfall and causes particular changes in chemical and physicochemical features. The model research presents reaction of degraded chernozem to acidification. Determining the level of soil acidification, in which strong chemical degradation occurs, was an aim of our investigation. A model study upon the degraded chernozem reaction toward the acidifying action of simulated acid rain was performed in columns of 1 m height and 7 cm diameter. The acid rain was divided into 20 doses of 80 ml per each column and was applied daily in six doses equivalent to 25%, up to 150% of the sorption capacity of Ap horizon. The surface application of hydrogen ions within Ap horizon of reconstructed chernozem profile invokes the decrease of pH value of the soil solution and hydrolytic acidity till the complete saturation of the sorption complex with hydrogen cations at concentration equivalent to 150% of sorption capacity of Ap horizon (level VI), proportional to the acid concentration. Reaction toward acidifying gradually weakens in deeper layers. The basic cations eliminated out of the surface horizons at low amounts were removed along with filtrates out of the soil profile in the following sequence: Ca>Na>Mg>K; they were retained mainly in deeper horizons. Acid rain application in a dose equivalent to 50% of the sorption capacity of Ap horizon of degraded chernozem provokes substantial deterioration of chemical and physicochemical features, while in deeper layers it is less visible. Strengthening the acid rain (over 50% of the sorption capacity of Ap horizon) increases the negative effect and enlarges its range in soil profile.Keywords: Acid, Acid Rain, Acidity, Buffering Capacity, Capacity, Cations, Column, Cultivation, Degradation, Filtrate, Ions, Low, Model, pH, pH Value, Profile, Research, Russian Chernozem, Soil, Soil Carbon, Soil Profile, Sorption, VI? Gasior, J. and Puchalski, C. (2011), Effects of potassium on the dynamics of chemical elements in brown soil reconstructed profile. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (3), 789-794.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 789.pdfAbstract: High sorption capacities of soils in respect to potassium enable the application of the latter in high doses to meet the nutritional requirements of all plants in crop rotation. However, overstepping a certain level and braking off buffering capacity of soil may appear unfavorable for both the plants and soil environment. Tests were performed on brown soil in profiles reconstructed in plastic tubes 7 cm in diameter and one meter high. Potassium (in KCl form) was introduced down to the level of ploughed humus of the soils in the equivalent quantities of: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of sorption capacities at A(p) level and water was poured to simulate 420 mm of precipitation. The applied doses of potassium had an unequal effect on the dynamics of chemical processes. Potassium in high doses strongly extracted magnesium and calcium cations from the surface layers to deeper levels and to the filtrates. It had no effect on hydrogen desorption or on the dynamics of bio-available forms of phosphorus. The elements Mg>Ca>Na>K, in this order, were most washed out of the profile, whereas K>Mg>Na>Ca, in this order, exhibited the highest dynamics under the effect of fertilization.Keywords: Buffering Capacity, Calcium, Capacity, Cations, Desorption, Dynamics, Environment, Filtrate, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Plants, Potassium, Potassium Dynamics, Precipitation, Profile, Soil, Soil Profile, Sorption, Water? Gala, A. and Sanak-Rydlewska, S. (2011), A comparison of Pb2+ sorption from aqueous solutions on walnut shells and plum stones. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (4), 877-883.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 877.pdfAbstract: This article presents the results of research on the comparison of Pb(2+) sorption from aqueous solutions on walnut shells with that on plum stones. For walnut shells the depletion of Pb(2+) in the solution was 62.9-83.7% and for the plum stones, 47.2-81.3%. The effect of various factors, such as the concentration of natural sorbent, pH, and temperature was studied. The process of Pb(2+) ion sorption on walnut shells and on plum stones was described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum sorption capacity of walnut shells was for 23.1 mg/g, whereas for plum stones it was 21.2 mg/g.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd(II), Freundlich, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Models, Lead, Lead Ions, Metal-Ions, Natural, Pb2+, Pb(II), pH, Plum Stones, Process, Removal, Research, Shells, Sorbent, Sorption, Temperature, Walnut Shells? Jastrzebska, E. (2011), The effect of chlorpyrifos and teflubenzuron on the enzymatic activity of soil. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (4), 903-910.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 903.pdfAbstract: The aim of our study was to determine changes in soil quality, evaluated throughout the analysis of selected soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenases, urease, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and catalase) after the application of the insecticides chlorpyrifos and teflubenzuron. Chlorpyrifos is a phosphoorganic insecticide and a cholinesterase inhibitor. Teflubenzuron is a benzoyl urea derivative that inhibits chitin synthesis. The pot experiment involved the two types of insecticides at different doses and sampling of two types of soil. The results of the experiment indicate that both insecticides modified the biochemical parameters of soil. Dehydrogenases proved to be most sensitive to the presence of xenobiotics in soil. Their activity decreased at increasing levels of soil contamination for each of the insecticides. In comparison with teflubenzuron, chlorpyrifos reduced the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, and alkaline phosphatase to a greater extent.Keywords: Acid, Activities, Activity of Soil Enzymes, Analysis, Arginine Deaminase, Chitin, Cholinesterase Inhibitor, Contamination, Dehydrogenase, Enzymes, Field, Insecticides, Modified, Pollution, Quality, Soil, Soil Contamination, Sorption-Desorption, Synthesis, Urea, Xenobiotics? Milivojevic, J., Nikezic, D., Krstic, D., Jelic, M. and Dalovic, I. (2011), Influence of physical-chemical characteristics of soil on zinc distribution and availability for plants in Vertisols of Serbia. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (4), 993-1000.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 993.pdfAbstract: Sequential extraction for the determination of zinc forms in soil has been applied in order to enable clearer understanding of its mobility and availability for plants. Examinations were conducted on 20 samples of soil with different chemical and physical characteristics; plant uptake was followed on oats (Avena sativa L). A fractional scheme was applied with extraction of (I) water soluble and exchangeable adsorbed metals, (II) specifically adsorbed metals and metal bounded with carbonates, (III) reductant releasable Zn, which included Zn bonded to oxides not released in the previous step, and probably included Zn occluded in oxides, (IV) organically bonded, and (V) (residual fraction) metal structurally bonded in silicates. The majority of zinc is in residual fraction (V) (74.9% in field vertisols and 69% in meadow vertisols). Reductant releasable Zn occluded in oxides (III) is the second largest with higher values in meadows (22.2%) than in fields (17.5%). The content of zinc in organic matter (IV) is small (6.7%) in both types of soil. Specifically adsorbed zinc, and zinc bonded with carbonates (II) is low (0.1-3.1), while its’ content in exchangeable fraction (I) is negligible and is about 0.2%. Exchangeable and specifically adsorbed zinc increased with the reduction of the pH of soil, CEC, clay and clay + silt, and with the increase of silt and sand. Zinc in the residual fraction increases with the pH of soil, clay, CEC, and clay + silt. The concentration of residual zinc was determined by mechanical fraction of clay.Keywords: Adsorption, Carbonates, CEC, Characteristics, Clay, Copper, Cu, Extraction, Fractionation, Heavy-Metals, Influence, Low, Metal, Metals, Organic Matter, Oxides, Ph, Plant, Plant Availability, Plants, Reduction, Residual Zinc, Sediments, Sequential Extractions, Sludge-Amended Soils, Soil, Solubility, Speciation, Trace-Elements, Uptake, Water, Zinc, Zn? Szar?owicz, K., Reczyński, W., Go?a?, J., Ko?cielniak, P., Skiba, M. and Kubica, B. (2011), Sorption of 137Cs and Pb on sediment samples from a drinking water reservoir. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (5), 1305-1312.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 1305.pdfAbstract: This study focused on (137)Cs and Pb accumulation in sediments from the Dobczyce Reservoir in southern Poland. Elements’ spatial distribution as well as their distribution in sediment core samples were analyzed. The conditions of cesium and lead desorption were also investigated. The distribution coefficient for (137)Cs (K(Cs)) was obtained using a radiometric determination in combination with static ion-exchange chromatography. Detemlination of the distribution coefficient for Pb (K(Pb)) was performed by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (electrothermal technique). The experiments were carried out considering various concentrations of potassium and calcium ions (from 5.10(-3) to 10(-5) mol.dm(-3) by addition of KNO(3) and Ca(NO(3))(2), respectively). It was found that: a) spatial distribution of anthropogenic (137)Cs and Pb in the sediments of the Dobczyce Reservoir results mainly from hydrological conditions of the sedimentation process and, on the other hand, from the sorptive properties of the deposited material b) in the case of (137)Cs sorption, a pronounced competitive effect was noted for K ions; much less effect was found for Ca. On the contrary, in the case of lead such a competitive effect was visible for Ca, much less for K. The conditions of (137)Cs desorption from the sediments caused by K and Ca ions present in water were estimated.Keywords: (137)Cs And Pb Sorption And Desorption, Absorption, Adsorption, Calcium, Cesium, Cs+, Desorption, Distribution Coefficient, Dobczyce Reservoir, Gamma Spectrometry, Hand, Hanford Site, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Lead, Pb, Pb-210, Potassium, Process, Sediment, Sedimentation, Sediments, Soil, Sorption, Spectrometry, Subsurface Sediments, USA, Water? Zhang, D.Y., Pan, X.L., Zhao, L. and Mu, G.J. (2011), Biosorption of antimony (Sb) by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (5), 1353-1358.Full Text: 2011\Pol J Env Stu20, 1353.pdfAbstract: Antimony (Sb) pollution has been of growing environmental concern. Little information is available on biosorption of Sb. In the present study, biosorption behavior and mechanisms of Sb(III) to the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. cells were investigated by batch experiments and FTIR analysis. Our study shows that Synechocystis sp. cells are a good adsorbent for Sb(III) with a sorption capacity of 4.68 mg.g-1 dry weight adsorbent. The isothermal sorption data can be described by the Langmuir Isotherm and the Freundlich Isotherm. Several mechanisms were involved with biosorption of Sb to Synechocystis sp. cells and sorption to binding sites might be dominant. The sorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model. The adsorbed Sb is mainly located in extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and within the cell, and a small proportion was adsorbed onto the cell wall. The proteins and polysaccharides in EPS and the polysaccharides on the cell are the main functional groups that are responsible for adsorption of Sb to Synechocystis sp. cells.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Antimony, Aqueous-Solution, Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry, Biosorption, Cadmium, Copper(II), Cyanobacterium, Freundlich, FTIR, FTIR Analysis, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Pleurotus-Ostreatus, Pseudo Second Order, Removal, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Tree FernTitle: Polar ResearchFull Journal Title: Polar ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Dastidar, P.G. (2007), National and institutional productivity and collaboration in Antarctic science: an analysis of 25 years of journal publications (1980-2004). Polar Research, 26 (2), 175-180.Abstract: Journal publications on Antarctic science were analysed for a period of 25 years (1980-2004) through a set of scientometrics and network analysis techniques. The study is based on 10 942 records (research articles, review articles, letters, etc.) with the word fragment “antarc*” in the title published in 961 international, peer-reviewed journals and retrieved from Thomson Scientific’s Science Citation index database. During the period under investigation, productivity increased threefold and there was a 13-fold increase in journal publications co-written by authors from different countries. The five nations with the highest output were the USA (with 26.7% of the total output), the UK (13.8%), Australia (9.7%), Germany (8.8%) and Italy (6.0%). The top five institutions in terms of journal publications were the British Antarctic Survey (972 publications), the Alfred Wegener Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Germany (475), the Australian Antarctic Division (312), the University of Tasmania, Australia (305), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA (293).Keywords: Analysis, Antarctic Science, Australia, Authors, Citation, Collaboration, Countries, Database, Germany, Italy, Journal Articles, Journal Publications, Journals, Knowledge Mapping, Nations, Network, Network Analysis, Peer-Reviewed, Productivity, Publications, Research, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientometrics, University, USATitle: Polish Polar ResearchFull Journal Title: Polish Polar ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0138-0338Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, /? Racki, G. (2002), Polish Polar Research as a medium of international scientific communication 1996-2002. Polish Polar Research, 23 (3-4), 279-292.Abstract: The multidisciplinary journal Polish Polar Research is bibliometrically analysed as a medium of international scientific communication in light of current citation data from SO Ex 1996-2002. Despite its world-wide distribution and distinctive visibility in the polar society, the journal’s two-years impact factor is invariably not very high (below 0.35) because the cited papers are mostly from the 1980s. The increasing participation of foreign (co)authors in the Polish quarterly, paired with the slowly growing number of citing articles in SO Ex are already promising steps to the immediate information transfer and subsequently improved brief-term journal impact. Citation links with polar investigators from Germany, and also from Great Britain, Spain and the USA are clearly manifested, especially in fields of marine Antarctic ecology and biology. Even if Polish Polar Research may successfully compete with several low-rated journals from different countries indexed in SCI Ex in related categories, its continuing internationalization is urgently required.Title: Political Studies ReviewFull Journal Title: Political Studies ReviewISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorHix, S. (2004), A global ranking of political science departments. Political Studies Review, 2 (3), 293-313.Full Text: P\Pol Stu Rev2, 293.pdfAbstract: Rankings of academic institutions are key information tools for universities, funding agencies, students and faculty. The main method for ranking departments in political science, through peer evaluations, is subjective, biased towards established institutions, and costly in terms of time and money. The alternative method, based on supposedly ‘objective’ measures of outputs in scientific journals, has thus far only been applied narrowly in political science, using publications in a small number of US-based journals. An alternative method is proposed in this paper -that of ranking departments based on the quantity and impact of their publications in the 63 main political science journals in a given five-year period. The result is a series of global and easily updatable rankings that compare well with results produced by applying a similar method in economics.Title: Politická EkonomieFull Journal Title: Politicka EkonomieISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0032-3233Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Machá?ek, M. and Kolcunová, E. (2008), Hirsch index and rankings of Czech economists. Politická Ekonomie, 56 (2), 229-241.Full Text: 2008\Pol Eko56, 229.pdfAbstract: The article contributes to the growing body of literature dealing with the bibliometric evaluation of the Czech economic research. In particular, this article introduces a recently invented measure of both the scientific output-and impact - the Hirsch index (h) - into the Czech academic economics. While the theoretical part of the article contains a discussion of the strenghts and weaknesses of the Hirsch approach, the empirical part presents two original top50s of the Czech economists ranked by their individual h’s. The first of our charts comes from the Web of Science’s General Search dataset, and the second one reflects the use of the Web of Science’s Cited Reference Search dataset. Both datasets cover the 1980-2006 period. It appears that the rate of correspondence among the top 25 economists in each chart and the top25 of the celebrated Turnovec’s citation-based ranking (2005) amounts to 60%. In addition, our empirical results reveal that the elite Czech economists attain h’s being 3-10 times lower than the h’s of the foreign academic “superstars”.Keywords: Approach, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Evaluation, Bibliometric Indicators, Czech Economists, Economic, Economics, Evaluation, First, Hirsch, Hirsch Index, Impact, Index, International Comparison, Literature, Ranking, Rankings, Research? Arltová, M. (2010), The Problem of measurement and evaluation of individual scientific productivity. Politicka Ekonomie, 58 (3), 392-401.Full Text: Pol Eko58, 392.pdfAbstract: Publications in foreign or domestic scientific journals are an important part of research output. And so is the citation feedback on these publications, which is done by other scientists in this field of science. One of the tools which can effectively and impartially evaluate the publication and citation level of a scientist is the h-index. The groundwork for its calculation is drawn on the most prestigious citation and publication database which is Web of Science. What is the quality of the records in this database and what are the other problems than can occur while using it? This paper describes all that and much more.Keywords: Citation, CR, Czech Economists, Database, Evaluation, Feedback, h Index, h-Index, Index, Journals, Measurement, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Rankings, Rankings, Research, Research Output, Science, Scientific Journals, Scientometrics, Tools, Web of ScienceTitle: Politische VierteljahresschriftFull Journal Title: Politische VierteljahresschriftISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Plumper, T. (2003), Publications and citation of German political science departments in international journals, 1990-2002: A bibliometric analysis. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 44 (4), 529-544.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Journals, Publications, Science? Arzheimer, K. and Schoen, H. (2009), Isolated and well networked? A comparative exploration of the publication practice in PVS. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 50 (3), 604-626.Abstract: Citations and co-publications are one important indicator of scientific communication and collaboration. By studying patterns of citation and co-publication in four major European Political Science journals (BJPS, PS, PVS and A-ZP), we demonstrate that compared to the conduits of communication in the natural sciences, these networks are rather sparse. British Political Science, however, is clearly less fragmented than its German speaking counterpart.Keywords: Article, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citations, Collaboration, Departments, German Political-Science, Journals, Knowledge Networks, Patterns, Political Science, Ranking, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Communication, Specialization, TrendsTitle: Pollution EngineeringFull Journal Title: Pollution EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: Pollut. Eng.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pollut EngISSN: 0032-3640Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Cahners-Denver Publishing CoPublisher Address: 2000 Clearwater DR, Oak Brook, IL 60523-8809Subject Categories: Engineering, Environmental: Impact FactorEnvironmental Sciences: Impact Factor 0.114, 122/126 (1999); Impact Factor 0.058, 124/127 (2000)? (1995), Refractory upgrade extends incinerator service life. Pollution Engineering, 27 (6), 95-96.? (1995), Clean french incinerator coming. Pollution Engineering, 27 (8), 26.Williams, D. (1996), Hospitals can bypass the incinerator. Pollution Engineering, 28 (6), 12 (2 pages).Canning, K. and Staff, P.E. (1998), Foam will treat radioactive incinerator ash. Pollution Engineering, 30 (7), 15.Title: Polycyclic Aromatic CompoundsFull Journal Title: Polycyclic Aromatic CompoundsISO Abbreviated Title: Polycycl. Aromat. Compd.JCR Abbreviated Title: Polycycl Aromat CompISSN: 1040-6638Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Gordon Breach Sci Publ LtdPublisher Address: C/O Stbs Ltd, PO Box 90, Reading RG1 8JL, Berks, EnglandSubject Categories: Chemistry, Organic: Impact Factor? di Palo, C., de Stefanis, P., Massa, M. and Montani, R. (1996), Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from solid waste incinerator equipped with an after-combustion chamber. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 9 (1-4), 45-51.Full Text: Aro Com9, 45.pdfAbstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are typical indicators of incomplete combustion during solid waste incineration. The PAH emissions caused by waste incineration vary according to waste composition and operating parameters such as furnace temperature, after-combustion conditions, excess air, carbon monoxide levels.In this work, the content of PAH in the fly ashes (sampled upstream the flue gas treatment system) and bottom ashes produced by the combustion of a refuse derived fuel (RDF) in a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with an after-combustion chamber is determined. The emission levels of PAH are correlated with different operating conditions of the incinerator to evaluate the destruction efficiency of the after-combustion chamber for these compounds.Keywords: Solid Waste Incinerator, Rotary Kiln, After-Combustion Chamber, Emissions, Fly Ashes, Destruction Efficiency? Hall, S., Tang, R., Baeyens, J. and Dewil, R. (2009), Removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water by adsorption on silicagel. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 29 (3), 160-183.Full Text: 2009\Aro Com29, 160.pdfAbstract: This study investigates a specific topic of water purification by the adsorption onto silicagel of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are carcinogenic, toxic and persistent in the environment. Acenaphthene, a representative low molecular PAH with moderate solubility in water, is selected as target compound. Batch kinetic experimental studies were undertaken. Kinetic results were modelled using pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations, and equilibrium data were described by the traditional Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It can be concluded that the lower molecular mass PAHs, such as acenaphthene, are well represented by the pseudo-first-order equations. Adsorption mechanisms were moreover analyzed using boundary layer mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion models, indicating intra-particle diffusion as the dominant adsorption controlling step. Isotherm equations may be applied to predict the silicagel quantity necessary to remove a given concentration of the PAH using a recommended fixed-bed batch adsorber system.Keywords: Acenaphthene, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic Dye, Batch, Boundary Layer, Chemical Oxidation, Concentration, Data, Diffusion, Environment, Equilibrium, Experimental, Fixed BED, Freundlich, Intra-Particle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Mass Transfer, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Methylene-Blue, Models, PAH, PAHs, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First and, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Purification, Sawdust, Silicagel, Solubility, Toxic, Water, Water PurificationTitle: PolyhedronFull Journal Title: PolyhedronISO Abbreviated Title: PolyhedronJCR Abbreviated Title: PolyhedronISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorVillaescusa, I., Fiol, N., Cristiani, F., Floris, C., Lai, S. and Nurchi, V.M. (2002), Copper(II) and nickel(II) uptake from aqueous solutions by cork wastes: a NMR and potentiometric study. Polyhedron, 21 (14-15), 1363-1367.Full Text: P\Polyhedron21, 1363.pdfAbstract: Due to the increasing interest in the use of biomasses from agriculture as removing agents for heavy metals in waste effluents, we present here a joint potentiometric and C-13 MAS and cross polarization-magic angle spinning NMR (CP-MAS NMR) study on cork interaction with Cu(II) and Ni(II). Through potentiometry we were able to distinguish two kind of interactions, a stronger one which involves protonated sites on cork and a second that allows hydroxide precipitation of the bound metal ion into the cork structure. NMR signal analysis suggests a specific metal complexation on the carbohydrate moieties of polymeric cork matrix. The C-13 MAS NMR suggests that the dynamics in the MHz range and the overall arrangement of polymeric matrix is not affected by metal binding; and the spin relaxation times T-1p(H-1) and T-1P(C-13) show that no significant difference of relaxation processes in the KHz range is introduced by metal coordination. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.Keywords: Bark, Complexation, Copper, Cork, Equilibria, Heavy Metals, Lignin, Metal, Metal Uptake, Metals, Nickel, Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance, Potentiometric Titration, Quercus-Suber L, Removal, Solid State C-13 Mas and CP-MAS NMR, Waste? Ali, I.M., Zakaria, E.S., Ibrahim, M.M. and El-Naggar, I.M. (2008), Synthesis, structure, dehydration transformations and ion exchange characteristics of iron-silicate with various Si and Fe contents as mixed oxides. Polyhedron, 27 (1), 429-439.Full Text: 2008\Polyhedron27, 429.pdfAbstract: The synthesis of a new series of impregnated metal oxides with different Fe/Si ratios (0.5, 1 and 2) was obtained by the direct precipitation method. Physico-chemical properties and molecular formula of the obtained products were identified with different analytical techniques, such as chemical stability, XRD, IR, elemental and thermal analyses. Thermal kinetic parameters, such as order (n) and activation energy (E-a), of the solid-state phase transformations of the first dehydration process have been studied for the obtained materials from DTA thermograms. The ion exchange applications and the sorption properties of the materials with some radioactive nuclides have been studied, depending on the Fe/Si molar ratios. These investigations indicated that the ion exchange capacities as well as the selectivities of different materials towards the studied nuclides show the order Co2+ > Cs+ > Na+ at a certain pH. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Iron Silicate, Kinetic Studies, Solid-State Dehydration, Ion Exchange, Radioactive Waste, Isotopic Exchange, Adsorption, Ferrihydrite, Arsenite, Goethite, Kinetics, Sorption, Thermodynamics, Neptunium(V), Antimonate? De Luna, S.L.R., Garza, L.A., Bernes, S., Elizondo, P., Najera, B. and Perez, N. (2010), Synthesis, crystal structures and luminescent properties of an isotypic series of rare-earths complexes with a dialdehyde ligand. Polyhedron, 29 (9), 2048-2052.Full Text: 2010\Polyhedron29, 2048.pdfAbstract: A series of mononuclear complexes based on lanthanide ions has been synthesized and X-ray characterized. The compounds [Ln(III)L(2)(NO3)(3)(H2O)(2)] (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Tm; L = 2,6-bis(2-formylphenoxymethyl)pyridine) are found to be isomorphous and isostructural. Ligand L systematically coordinates through one carbonyl functionality, and the resulting complexes are placed on a twofold axis in crystals belonging to C2/c space-group. Emission spectra for Ln = La, Pr, Nd revealed a correlation between the Ln-O coordination bond length and the photoluminescent properties of the complexes, in line with a Forster-Dexter mechanism for intramolecular energy transfer. Ligand L is therefore a suitable sensitizer for lanthanide ions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Lanthanides, Coordination Complexes, X-Ray Structures, Photoluminescence, Emission Spectra, 2,6-Bis(2-Formylphenoxymethyl)Pyridine (L), Lanthanide Complexes, Eu(III), Derivatives Title: PolymerFull Journal Title: Polymer; PolymerISO Abbreviated Title: PolymerJCR Abbreviated Title: PolymerISSN: 0032-3861Issues/Year: 26Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Sci LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Oxon, EnglandSubject Categories: Polymer Science: Impact Factor 2.340, 8/72 (2003); Impact Factor 2.433, 7/75 (2004); 2.849, 7/77 (2005); Impact Factor 2.773, 9/75 (2006)Kennerle, M.G. (1969), A technique for the measurement of the water adsorption of small amounts of hygroscopic materials. Water adsorption isotherm of polyglycine. Polymer, 10 (10), 833-840.Full Text: P\Polymer10, 833.pdfAbstract: A technique for the measurement of the adsorption of water vapour by films of hygroscopic materials is described. The basis of the technique is the use of a resonating quartz crystal which is coated with the material to be investigated. The resonant frequency of the quartz crystal is lowered when mass is added to the crystal, and the adsorption of water vapour is followed by measuring the change in frequency of the crystal. The response of the quartz crystal to mass has been determined and other factors affecting the frequency of the crystals have been investigated. Finally the water adsorption isotherm of polyglycine has been determined at 31.5°C and compared with data in the literature.? Peniche, C., Cohen, M.E., Vázquez, B. and San Roman, J. (1997), Water sorption of flexible networks based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-triethylenglycol dimethacrylate copolymers. Polymer, 38 (24), 5977-5982.Full Text: 1997\Polymer38, 5977.pdfAbstract: Cross-linked films of copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylenglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were prepared by free radical polymerization initiated at 60oC. The swelling behaviour of films prepared with 2, 5 and 10 mol% of TEGDMA was followed gravimetrically and the diffusion coefficients were determined according to the Fickian law at several temperatures in the interval 25-50oC. The apparent activation energy was independent of the composition of the networks, giving a value of 15.5 kJ mol-1 which corresponds to a typical diffusion process. The freezing point, the enthalpy of fusion and the amount of non-freezable water were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on hydrated samples with different hydration degree. There is a critical hydration interval (W = 20-30 wt%) in which it is possible to distinguish the different states of water in the cross-linked hydrogel. The variation of the enthalpy Hf with the hydration degree gives a maximum amount of non-freezable water of about 23 wt%, independent of the TEGDMA content of copolymer systems.Keywords: polymer; hydrogels; networksLevresse, P., Feke, D.L., Manas-Zloczower, I. (1998), Analysis of the formation of bound poly(dimethylsiloxane) on silica. Polymer, 39 (17), 3919-3924.Full Text: P\Polymer39, 3919.pdfAbstract: The kinetics of adsorption of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) on silica particles was studied. A theoretical model was developed and fitted to different sets of experimental data to investigate the dependence of model parameters upon polymer and filler characteristics. In the model, the formation of bound polymer was pictured as a second-order reaction process with a rate proportional to both the number of available binding sites on the filler surface (silanol groups) and the number of free (unbound) polymer chains surrounding silica particles. The assumption was made that these two limiting factors had the same effect on the adsorption rate of bound rubber. This model proved to be well adapted to a wide range of material parameters for mixtures containing less than 30 wt% of silica.Keywords: Bound Rubber, Adsorption, SilicaRodrigues, C.A., Laranjeira, M.C.M., de Favere, V.T. and Stadler, E. (1998), Interaction of Cu(II) on N-(2-pyridylmethyl) and N-(4-pyridylmethyl) chitosan. Polymer, 39 (21), 5121-5126.Full Text: P\Polymer39, 5121.pdfAbstract: Chitosan functionalized with 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde were used to study the equilibrium constants of adsorption copper(II) in aqueous solutions. The degree of substitution of NH2 groups of the chitosan was 0.85. The adsorption parameters K (adsorption constants Langmuir) and {R-T} (maximum value of adsorbed copper(II) ions) were calculated using Langmuir’s equations by non-linear regression methods. The K-L (equilibrium adsorption constant) and {R-T} values for N-(2-pyridyl-methyl)chitosan systems were higher than those for N-(4-pyridyl-methyl)chitosan. The difference is related to the nitrogen position at the pyridine ring, since the degree of substitution is the same in the two polymers. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Chitosan, Adsorption, Langmuir Isotherm, Selective Adsorption, Pyridyl Group, Metal-Ions, Crosslinking, ResinsNotes: highly cited? Lee, S.T., Mi, F.L., Shen, Y.J. and Shyu, S.S. (2001), Equilibrium and kinetic studies of copper(II) ion uptake by chitosan-tripolyphosphate chelating resin. Polymer, 42 (5), 1879-1892. INDEX \o "S" \c "2" \z "1028" 找不到索引項目。Full Text: 2001\Polymer42, 1879.pdfAbstract: Spherical chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) chelating resins are successfully synthesized by an in-liquid ionotropic crosslinking method, and are then employed to examine their uptaking ability for copper(II) ion. The crosslinking characteristics of the beads were improved by the modification of the in-liquid curing mechanism in different pH of TPP solution. Sorption capacities and kinetics of the gel beads are greatly influenced by the polymeric physical or physicochemical characteristics of the chitosan-TPP networks, such as ionic crosslinking and swelling properties. Ionic crosslinking not only reduced the crystallinity of the beads but also decreased the amino binding site on chitosan for metal ions uptakes, thus resulting in a decrease of Cu2+ adsorption. The copper(II) ions adsorbed by the chitosan beads at lower pH (pH 2 and 3) are limited by the poor complex reaction between metal ions and macromolecules at swelling state. The rate of uptake of metal ions to the chitosan beads at the original pH of the Cu2+ solution (pH 5) is conditioned by the intraparticular diffusion of metal ions into the glassy gel phase, which has been examined by EDS analysis. The excellent saturation adsorption capacity of chitosan-TPP beads for Cu2+ ion at the best working condition (pH 5) was about 200 mg Cu2+ ion per gram at an initial concentration of 1000 ppm of Cu2+ ions.Keywords: Copper(II) Ion Uptake, Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate, Energy Dispersion AnalysisJusti, K.C., Laranjeira, M.C.M., Neves, A., Mangrich, A.S. and Fávere, V.T. (2004), Chitosan functionalized with 2[-bis-(pyridylmethyl) aminomethyl]4-methyl-6-formyl-phenol: Equilibrium and kinetics of copper(II) adsorption. Polymer, 45 (18), 6285-6290.Full Text: P\Polymer45, 6285.pdfAbstract: The complexation agent 2[-bis-(pyridylmethyl) aminomethyl]-4-methyl-6-formyl-phenol (HL) was immobilized in chitosan in order to obtain a new adsorbent material to be employed in studies on adsorption and pre-concentration of Cu(II). The chitosan modified by the complexation agent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, DSC and TGA. The studies were conducted as a function of the pH of the medium and the mechanism of Cu(II) adsorption in the solid phase was analyzed utilizing several kinetic models. The parameters for the adsorption of Cu(II) ions by chitosan–HL were determined with a Langmuir isotherm, the maximum saturation capacity of the monolayer being 109.4 mg of Cu(II) per gram of polymer. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that CuII ions coordinate to the donor atoms of the HL ligand anchored to the surface of the polymer forming a stable chelate complex in the solid state.Keywords: Adsorption, Cellulose, Chelating Resin, Chitin, Chitosan, Complexes, Copper(II), Cross- Linking, Cu(II) Ions, Ligand, Metal-Ions, Solid-Phase Extraction, SorptionHo, Y.S. (2005), Comments on ‘Chitosan functionalized with 2[-bis-(pyridylmethyl) aminomethyl]4-methyl-6-formyl-phenol: Equilibrium and kinetics of copper(II) adsorption’. Polymer, 46 (5), 1451-1452.Full Text: 2005\Polymer46, 1451.pdf, P\Polymer-Ho1.pdf, P\Polymer-Ho.pdfKeywords: Adsorption, Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Aqueous-Solution, Metal-Ions, Sorption, Removal, Models, PeatPérez-Maqueda, L.A., Sánchez-Jiménez, P.E. and Criado, J.M. (2005), Evaluation of the integral methods for the kinetic study of thermally stimulated processes in polymer science. Polymer, 46 (9), 2950-2954.Full Text: P\Polymer46, 2950.pdfAbstract: This paper reports on the accuracy of the integral methods used for the kinetic analysis of degradation and crystallization of polymers. Integral methods are preferred by many authors over the differential ones because often the experimental data obtained, such as thermal degradation studied by thermogravimetry, are integral and the differentiation of the integral data usually produces an unwilling increase of the noise. A problem of the integral methods is the fact that Arrhenius integral function does not have an exact analytical solution. Thus, several approximated equations have been proposed in literature. Some of these approximations lead to a linear relation between the logarithm of g(α) and a predetermined function of T, in such a way that the activation energy can be determined from the slope of the plot of ln g(α) versus the predetermined T function. The most popular approximations to the Arrhenius integral in polymer science are those of van Krevelen et al., Horowitz and Metzger, and Coats and Redfern. Although these three approaches where proposed 50 years ago, they are extensively used nowadays and several hundreds of citations to the original papers can be found in recent polymer science publications. Despite their popularity, there are cast doubts on the accuracy of these approximations, because they provide significant deviations in the determination of the actual values of the Arrhenius integral when used for simulating α–T plots. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the systematic errors in the activation energy calculated from these integral methods is still missing. In this paper a comparative study of the accuracy of the different integral methods is performed. The calculated errors are tested with simulated and experimental results.Keywords: Kinetics, Arrhenius Integral? Kumar, K.V. and Fávere, V.T. (2006), Reply to Comments on ‘Chitosan functionalized with 2[-bis-(pyridylmethyl) aminomethyl]4-methyl-6-formyl-phenol: Equilibrium and kinetics of copper(II) adsorption’ by Yuh-Shan Ho: Discussion on pseudo second order kinetic expression. Polymer, 47 (6), 1772-1773.Full Text: 2006\Polymer47, 1772.pdfAbstract: The present communication reports a short history on the pseudo second order kinetic models previously reported for sorption systems. This present paper presents the information citing the original presentation of pseudo second order kinetic expression.Keywords: Pseudo Second Order, Sorption, Citation Error? Hu, Z.G., Zhang, J., Chan, W.L. and Szeto, Y.S. (2006), The sorption of acid dye onto chitosan nanoparticles. Polymer, 47 (16), 5838-5842.Full Text: 2006\Polymer47, 5838.pdfAbstract: The behavior of chitosan nanoparticles as an adsorbent to remove Acid Green 27 (AG27), an acid dye, from an aqueous solution has been investigated with nanochitosan (particle size = 180 nm; degree of deacetylation = 74%). The dye concentration at equilibrium (Q(e), mg/g) was calculated using the weight of the nanoparticles in the mixed solution (Q(es)) and the weight of chitosan in the nanoparticles (Q(ep)). The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir equation for each chitosan sample; the Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (Q(o)) was calculated with Q(es) and Q(ep) and the results were 1051.8 mg/g and 2103.6 mg/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the micron-sized chitosan. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Chitosan Nanoparticles, Adsorption, Langmuir Equation, Agricultural Solid-Waste, Natural Adsorbents, Textile Effluents, Activated Carbon, Aqueous-Solution, Color Removal, Fullers Earth, Reactive Dye, Coir Pith, Adsorption? Feng, Z.C., Shao, Z.Z., Yao, J.R., Huang, Y.F. and Chen, X. (2009), Protein adsorption and separation with chitosan-based amphoteric membranes. Polymer, 50 (5), 1257-1263.Full Text: 2009\Polymer50, 1257.pdfAbstract: A macropurous amphoteric membrane was successfully prepared by solution blending of a natural polymer chitosan (CS) and its derivative carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS). The adsorption of two model proteins (ovalbumin and lysozyme) with very different pH, values on this CS/CMCS blend membrane was investigated in batch systems. The results showed that both proteins could be effectively adsorbed on the membrane, but the adsorption capacities were influenced by the pH, the initial protein concentration and the CMCS content in the membrane. Because of the amphoteric nature of the protein and the CS/CMCS membrane, the pH for the maximum adsorption of ovalbumin and lysozyme was different, which is the basis for the separation of these proteins from binary mixtures. As the CS/CMCS blend membrane also showed good desorption properties for those two proteins, both ovalbumin and lysozyme were successfully separated from binary mixtures by adjusting only the pH of the feed and the desorption solutions. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Affinity Membranes, Amphoteric Material, Chromatography, Equilibrium, Hollow-Fiber, Ion-Exchange Membranes, Lysozyme Adsorption, Modules, Natural Polymer, Protein Separation, Purification, RemovalTitle: Polymer BulletinFull Journal Title: Polymer BulletinISO Abbreviated Title: Polym. Bull.JCR Abbreviated Title: Polym BullISSN: 0170-0839Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Springer VerlagPublisher Address: 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010Subject Categories: Polymer Science: Impact Factor 0.794, 26/69 (2000)? Karadag, E., Saraydin, D. and Guven, O. (1996), A study on the adsorption of some cationic dyes onto acrylamide/itaconic acid hydrogels. Polymer Bulletin, 36 (6), 745-752.Full Text: 1996\Pol Bul36, 745.pdfAbstract: Acrylamide/itaconic acid (AAm/IA) hydrogels prepared by irradiating with gamma radiation were used in experiments on the adsorption of some cationic dyes such as basic red 9 (BR 9), basic green 4 (BG 4), cresyl violet (CV), and basic blue 20 (BB 20). Adsorption of the cationic dyes onto AAm/IA hydrogels is studied by batch adsorption technique. In the experiments of the adsorption, Langmiur type adsorption in the Giles classification system was found. Monolayer coverages for AAm/IA hydrogel-dye systems were calculated by using B point method. Adsorption studies indicated that monolayer coverages of AAm/IA hydrogel by these dyes were increased with following order; BE 20 > CV > BR 9 > BG 4.Keywords: Binding?ahiner, N., Saraydin, D., Karada?, E. and Güven, O. (1998), Swelling and dye adsorption properties of radiation induced N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone/acrylonitrile hydrogels. Polymer Bulletin, 41 (3), 371-378.Full Text: P\Pol Bul41, 371.pdfAbstract: Swollen hydrogels were prepared by gamma-radiation copolymerization of N-vinyl-2 pyrrolidone and acrylonitrile. The influence of radiation dose and feed composition on the swelling properties, diffusional behavior of water and diffusion coefficients of the hydrogel systems were examined. N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone/acrylonitrile hydrogels were swollen in the range 50-850%. Water diffusion to the hydrogels generally was a non-Fickian type diffusion.The hydrogel were used in the studies of adsorption of some water soluble dye such as basic blue 9, tetraethyl rhodamine, xylidine ponceau 2R, indigo carmine, helianthin and erythrosine, and of a vitamin riboflavin (Vitamin B-2).? Vallés, E., Durando, D., Katime, I., Mendizábal, E. and Puig, J.E. (2000), Equilibrium swelling and mechanical properties of hydrogels of acrylamide and itaconic acid or its esters. Polymer Bulletin, 44 (1), 109-114.Full Text: 2000\Pol Bul44, 109.pdfAbstract: The equilibrium swelling and the plateau elastic modulus of a family of hydrogels made by the polymerization of acrylamide with itaconic acid or some of its esters were investigated as a function of composition and crosslinking degree to find materials with satisfactory swelling and elastic properties. We show that an appropriate selection of the comonomers and the concentration of the crosslinking agent is very important to produce hydrogels with large swelling capacity and good mechanical attributes. Tailoring of mechanical properties and swelling can also be achieved by this method.Saraydin, D. and Karada?, E. (2000), Binding of some dyes onto crosslinked poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone). Polymer Bulletin, 44 (5-6), 501-508.Full Text: P\Pol Bul44, 501.pdfAbstract: Bindings of some anionic dyes containing sulfonyl group(s), namely, Acid Blue 74 (AB-74), Acid Orange 7 (AO-7), Acid Green I (AG-1), Direct Blue 53 (DB-53), and Calconcarbosylic acid (CCA) onto crosslinked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (CPVP) have been investigated using adsorption isotherm parameter. The dyes were linked positively charged on the tertiary nitrogen atom on the pyrrolidone ring in polymer chain resulting keto-enol tautomerism from sulfonyl group on the benzene ring in the dyes molecules. In the experiments of adsorption, I, (Langmuir) type adsorption in the Giles classification system was found. Monolayer coverages (n) of polymer/dye system were founds by ‘B point’ methods. Adsorption studies indicated that monolayer coverages of CPVP by the anionic dyes containing sulfonyl group(s) were increased with following order; CCA > AG-1 >> DB-53 > AO-7 > AB-74.Keywords: Crosslinked Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone), Anionic Dye, Binding, Adsorption, Acrylamide/Itaconic Acid Hydrogels, Aqueous-Solutions, Cationic Dyes, Adsorption, Removal, N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone, Isotherms? Avci, D., Mol, N. and Dagasan, L. (2002), New cationic polyelectrolytes for flocculation processes of baker’s yeast waste water. Polymer Bulletin, 48 (4-5), 353-359.Full Text: 2002\Pol Bul48, 353.pdfAbstract: New cationic polyelectrolytes synthesized by homopolymerization or copolymerization of allyl-acrylate quaternary ammonium salts with acrylamide (AAm) and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) were tested as flocculants in a baker’s yeast waste water. The effect of polymer structure, molecular weight and charge density on the flocculation properties were investigated with respect to total organic content, optical density and volume of sludge. The results were compared with that, of a commercial polyelectrolyte Zetag 7557 (acryloxyethyltrimethylammoniumchloride-acrylamide copolymer) (Allied Colloids). The flocculation results indicated that the efficiency of the new copolymers was similar to commercial polyelectrolyte Zetag 7557 and both polymer bridging and charge patch models are effective.Keywords: Adsorption, Baker’s Yeast, Colloidal Silica, Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride, Polymers, Quaternary Ammonium, Quaternary Ammonium-Salts, Yeast? Dadhaniya, P.V., Patel, M.P. and Patel, R.G. (2007), Removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution using poly [N-vinyl pyrrolidone/2-(methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride] superswelling hydrogels. Polymer Bulletin, 58 (2), 359-369.Full Text: 2007\Pol Bul58, 359.pdfAbstract: A superswelling poly [N-vinyl pyrrolidone/2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride], poly(NVP/METAC) hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker. The hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and their surface morphology was determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The influence of feed composition of both the monomers and crosslinker on equilibrium swelling and dye adsorption properties of the hydrogels were examined. The equilibrium swelling ratio and binding ratio of the hydrogel/dye systems greatly depends on the METAC and crosslinker concentration in the gels. The effects of pH of the medium and initial dye concentration on the adsorption were also studied. The binding ratio of the hydrogel/dye system increases in the following order: OR-II > RO-14 > RO-13.Keywords: Reactive Dyes, Advanced Oxidation, Pore Diffusion, Color Removal, Adsorption, Waste, Acid, Equilibrium, Biosorption, Dyestuffs? Chen, S.Y., Shen, W., Yu, F. and Wang, H.P. (2009), Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ onto amidoximated bacterial cellulose. Polymer Bulletin, 63 (2), 283-297.Full Text: 2009\Pol Bul63, 283.pdfAbstract: Removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto amidoximated bacterial cellulose (Am-BC) was investigated. The effects of pH, initial concentration, contact time and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The pseudo-first and pseudo-second orders and intraparticle diffusion equation were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the constants were determined. The experimental data fits well to the pseudo-second order kinetic model, which indicates that the chemical adsorption is the rate-determining step, instead of mass transfer. The equilibrium adsorption data were described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The Am-BC showed a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm. The separation factor (RL) revealed the favorable nature of the isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters (Delta H (ads) (0) , Delta S (ads) (0) , Delta G (ads) (0)) for Cu2+ and Pb2+ adsorption onto Am-BC were also determined from the temperature dependence. The values of enthalpy and entropy indicated that this process was spontaneous and exothermic. The experimental studies indicate that Am-BC would be a potential effective adsorbent to remove the metal ions from wastewater.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Amidoximated Bacterial Cellulose, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solution, Basic Dye, Batch, Batch Experiments, Cellulose, Chemical, Concentration, Copper(II) Ions, Cu2+, Data, Diffusion, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Exothermic, Experimental, Experiments, Fluoride Removal, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Mass Transfer, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Parameters, Pb2+, Pb2+ Adsorption, pH, Potential, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First and, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate-Determining Step, Removal, Separation, Solutions, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamic Studies, Thermodynamics, Wastewater, Water? Guclu, G., Emik, E.A.S., Iyim, T.B., Ozgumus, S. and Ozyurek, M. (2010), Removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions by starch-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite superabsorbent nanocomposite hydrogels. Polymer Bulletin, 65 (4), 333-346.Full Text: 2010\Pol Bul65, 333.pdfAbstract: In this study, the removal of copper(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Starch-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite (S-g-AA/MMT) nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated. For this purpose, various factors affecting the removal of heavy metal ions, such as treatment time with the solution, initial pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentration, and MMT content were investigated. The metal ion removal capacities of copolymers increased with increasing pH, and pH 4 was found to be the optimal pH value for maximum metal removal capacity. Adsorption data of the nanocomposite hydrogels were modeled by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation in order to investigate heavy metal ions adsorption mechanism. The observed affinity order in competitive removal of heavy metals was found Cu2+ > Pb2+. The Freundlich equations were used to fit the equilibrium isotherms. The Freundlich adsorption law was applicable to be adsorption of metal ions onto nanocomposite hydrogel.Keywords: Acid Copolymers, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Mechanism, Anionic Starch, Aqueous Solutions, Capacity, Competitive, Competitive Removal, Concentration, Copper(II), Cu2+, Data, Derivatives, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Freundlich, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ion, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metal Ions, Hydrogel, Hydrogels, Initiation System, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Equation, Law, Lead(II), Mechanism, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Montmorillonite, Nanocomposite, Nanocomposite Hydrogel, Nickel II, Pb2+, pH, pH Value, Polyacrylonitrile, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Equation, Purpose, Removal, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Starch, Treatment, Value? Wang, L., Li, Q. and Wang, A.Q. (2010), Adsorption of cationic dye on N,O-carboxymethyl-chitosan from aqueous solutions: equilibrium, kinetics, and adsorption mechanism. Polymer Bulletin, 65 (9), 961-975.Full Text: 2010\Pol Bul65, 961.pdfAbstract: In order to improve the adsorption capacity of chitosan (CTS) for methylene blue (MB) cationic dye, a series of N,O-carboxymethyl-chitosans (N,O-CMCTS) were prepared under heterogeneous conditions by controlling the reaction time. The adsorption of MB from aqueous solution onto N,O-CMCTS was studied. The effects of degree of substitution (DS) of N,O-CMCTS, initial pH of the dye solution and adsorption temperature were investigated in detail. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of N,O-CMCTS increased with the increase of DS and N,O-CMCTS with DS of 0.72 exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (349 mg/g). The adsorption kinetics of N,O-CMCTS was found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption equilibrium of N,O-CMCTS fitted very well with the Langmuir isotherm model, showing maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 351 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism of N,O-CMCTS was also discussed by means of FTIR spectra and XPS. The results revealed that the -OH, -NH2, and -COOH groups of N,O-CMCTS were involved in the adsorption process. The desorption studies showed that N,O-CMCTS could be regenerated and used for the adsorption of MB repeatedly.Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Mechanism, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Capacity, Cationic Dye, Chitosan, Chitosan Derivatives, Congo Red, Ct, Desorption, Desorption Studies, Dye, Equilibrium, FTIR, Ftir Spectra, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Mb, Mechanism, Methylene Blue, Methylene-Blue, Model, Monolayer, Montmorillonite, N,O-Carboxymethyl-Chitosan, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Substitution, Temperature, Waste-Water, XPS? ?zkahraman, B., Acar, I. and Emik, S. (2011), Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions with poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels. Polymer Bulletin, 66 (4), 551-570.Full Text: 2011\Pol Bul66, 551.pdfAbstract: In this study, N-isopropylacrylamide-based temperature and pH-sensitive hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization for removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, N-isopropylacrylamide was copolymerized with various amounts of sodium salt of itaconic acid in the presence of crosslinking agent (N,N-methylene bisacrylamide). The chemical structures of hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR analysis. In order to investigate swelling properties of the hydrogels, water absorption (swelling) and shrinking (deswelling) kinetics, the equilibrium swelling ratios in water and different pH buffer solutions, and the temperature dependent swelling ratios were determined. Then, their adsorption properties such as adsorption capacities, kinetics, isotherms were investigated in case of their usage in removal of Safranine T (ST), Brilliant Green (BG), and Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) aqueous solutions. According to adsorbed dye amount, the adsorption capacities are followed the order BG>ST congruent to BCB. In addition, the results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted better than the data obtained from pseudo-first-order model for the adsorption of all dyes onto hydrogels. Furthermore, according to effect of the initial dye concentration findings, it is concluded that, Freundlich isotherm explains the adsorption better than Langmuir isotherm.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Biomedical Applications, Cationic Dye, Copolymeric Hydrogels, Dyes, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FT-IR, Hydrogel, Itaconic Acid, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Mercury Ions, N-Isopropylacrylamide, pH, Release, Responsive Polymers, Sorption, Swelling, Swelling Behavior, Temperature and pH-Sensitive Polymers, Volume Phase-Transition? Coskun, R. (2011), Removal of cationic dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto crosslinked poly(4-vinylpyridine/crotonic acid) and its N-oxide derivative. Polymer Bulletin, 67 (1), 125-140.Full Text: 2011\Pol Bul67, 125.pdfAbstract: In this study, crosslinked poly(4-vinylpyridine/crotonic acid) [poly(4-VPy/CrA)] and its N-oxide derivative were synthesized to compare the adsorption of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye on these materials. The adsorptive removal of MB from aqueous solution onto adsorbents was studied by using column adsorption method. Experimental results showed that MB was removed more effective by poly(4-VPy/CrA)-N-oxide than poly(4-VPy/CrA) resins. The percentage removal of MB increased with pH, and it was observed that basic pH was favorable for the adsorption of MB. The adsorption capacity for poly(4-VPy/CrA)-N-oxide resin was found to 19.96 mg/g. It was found that the adsorption isotherm of the MB-fitted Langmuir-type isotherm. For the adsorption of MB, the pseudo-second-order chemical reaction kinetics provides the best correlation with the experimental data. Ten adsorption-desorption cycles demonstrated that the resins were suitable for repeated use without considerable change in adsorption capacity.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption-Desorption, Aqueous Solution, Basic-Dyes, Dye, Equilibrium, Factorial Design, Industry Waste, Isotherm, Isotherms and Adsorption Kinetics, Kinetics, Metal-Ions, Methylene Blue, Methylene Blue Dye, Methylene-Blue Adsorption, pH, Polymer-Supported Reagents, Removal, Resin, Resins, Rice Husk, Waste-Water? Kaplan, M. and Kasgoz, H. (2011), Hydrogel nanocomposite sorbents for removal of basic dyes. Polymer Bulletin, 67 (7), 1153-1168.Full Text: 2011\Pol Bul67, 1153.pdfAbstract: Hydrogel nanocomposites having high amount of functional group, enhanced swelling ability, and improved mechanical properties were prepared for removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions. Acrylamide (AAM) and itaconic acid sodium salt (IANa) were polymerized using polyethyleneglycol (400) diacrylate as crosslinker in the presence of montmorillonite (MMT). The products were characterized by swelling degree, total basic group content, XRD analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. It was observed that MMT addition increased the itaconic acid gelation. The incorporation of low amount of MMT into the hydrogel structure increased also swelling degree. The products were used as adsorbent for removal of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) from aqueous solutions. It was observed that the adsorption of BCB onto the nanocomposite completed in 30 min. It was found that the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherm of nanocomposite was analyzed using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. It was seen that the Langmuir isotherm model fit the adsorption data. These hydrogel nanocomposites have been shown to have the potential to be used as novel, fast-responsive and high capacity adsorbent materials for the removal of cationic dyes which is a serious problem, especially in textile industry.Keywords: Acid Hydrogels, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Properties, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic Dyes, Cationic Dye, Clay, Copolymeric Hydrogels, Dyes, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Freundlich, Freundlich And Langmuir Isotherms, FTIR, Hydrogel, Hydrogels, Isotherm, Isotherms, Itaconic Acid, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherms, Montmorillonite, Nanocomposites, Poly(Acrylamide-Co-Itaconic Acid), Pseudo Second Order, Removal, Superabsorbent Composite, Swelling Behavior, Water Pollutants? Maksin, D.D., Hercigonja, R.V., Lazarevi?, M.?., ?uni?, M.J. and Nastasovi?, A.B. (2012), Modeling of kinetics of pertechnetate removal by amino-functionalized glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. Polymer Bulletin, 68 (2), 507-528.Full Text: 2012\Pol Bul68, 507.pdfAbstract: Technetium-99 comprises a significant health risk, since edible plants can bioaccumulate and convert it to more lipophilic species that cannot be excreted through urine. Batch kinetics of pertechnetate removal from aqueous solutions by two samples of crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) functionalized with diethylene triamine (PGME-deta) was investigated at the optimum pH value of 3.0, and the initial solution activity of 325 MBq dm-3. PGME-deta was characterized by elemental analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Five kinetic models (pseudo-first, pseudo-second order, Elovich, Bangham, and intraparticle diffusion) were used to determine the best-fit equation for pertechnetate sorption. After 24 h, PGME-deta samples sorbed more than 98% of pertechnetate present, with maximum sorption capacity of 25.5 MBq g-1, showing good potential for remediation of slightly contaminated groundwater.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Amino-Functionalized, Anion-Exchange Resins, Aqueous-Solutions, Chemisorption, Contaminated Groundwater, Equilibrium, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Macroporous Copolymer, Mercury, Modeling, Pertechnetate, pH, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, TC-99, TechnetiumTitle: Polymer ChemistryFull Journal Title: Polymer ChemistryISO Abbrev. Title: Polym. Chem.JCR Abbrev. Title: Polym Chem-UKISSN: 1759-9954Issues/Year: 12Language: EnglishJournal Country/Territory: EnglandPublisher: Royal Soc ChemistryPublisher Address: Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0WF, Cambs, EnglandSubject Categories:Polymer Science: Impact Factor: ? Anirudhan, T.S. and Sandeep, S. (2011), Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer of N-maleoylchitosan-grafted-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and its controlled delivery and recognition of bovine serum albumin. Polymer Chemistry, 2 (9), 2052-2061.Full Text: 2011\Pol Che2, 2052.pdfAbstract: In this study a novel molecularly imprinted polymer matrix, namely protein-imprinted N-maleoylchitosan-grafted-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid polymer (MIP) matrix was prepared by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template. The characteristics of the MIP were investigated using FTIR, SEM, XRD and Zeta Potential Analyses. The effects of monomer to template ratio, cross linking density, porogen, pH and ionic strength on the loading of BSA into the MIP were investigated. The adsorption studies showed that the MIP exhibits good recognition for BSA, as compared to non-imprinted polymer (NIP). The experimental adsorption isotherms of BSA onto MIP and NIP were determined and well fitted by Sips model with a maximum binding capacity of 113.51 mg g-1 for MIP and 76.39 mg g-1 for NIP. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately described the kinetic rate in comparison to a pseudo-first-order model. In vitro release profiles of model drug from the MIP were investigated in physiological buffered solution using a UV, vis spectrophotometer. In addition, the drug release mechanism was analyzed by fitting the amount of drug released into Peppa’s potential equation.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, BSA, Characterization, Chitosan Beads, Diffusion, FTIR, Ionic Strength, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Matrix, Mechanism, pH, Selective Separation, SEM, Synthesis, SystemTitle: Polymer Communications(Polym. Commun.)Full Journal Title: Polymer CommunicationsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title:ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Grant, S., Blair, H.S. and McKay, G. (1990), Water-soluble derivatives of chitosan. Polymer Communications, 29, 342-344.Grant, S., Blair, H.S. and McKay, G. (1990), Deacetylation effects on the dodecanoyl substitution of chitosan. Polymer Communications, 31, 267-268.Title: Polymer CompositesFull Journal Title: Polymer CompositesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title:ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Bismarck, A., Aranberri-Askargorta, I., Springer, J., Lampke, T., Wielage, B., Stamboulis, A., Shenderovich, I. and Limbach, H.H. (2002), Surface characterization of flax, hemp and cellulose fibers; Surface properties and the water uptake behavior. Polymer Composites, 23 (5), 872-894.Full Text: P\Pol Com23, 872.pdfAbstract: The surface characteristics of several natural, fibers-flax, hemp and cellulose-were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, BET-surface area and zeta (zeta-) potential measurements. C-Potential measurements using the streaming potential method were performed in order to study the water uptake behavior as well as the surface properties of several natural fibers. The influence of different flax-fiber separation methods and several modifications, like industrial purification, and such a treatment followed by alkaline purification as well as polypropylene grafting on the fiber surface morphology, surface area and time- and pH-depending zeta-potentials were studied. The time-dependence of the zeta- potential., measured in, 1 mM KCl solution, offers an alternative possibility to estimate the water uptake behavior for nearly all investigated natural fibers. The water uptake data derived from the zeta-potential measurements (zeta = f(t)) were,compared with data from conventional water adsorption studies for some chosen examples.Keywords: Adsorption, Coir, Interface, Mechanical-Properties, Polymer Composites, Polypropylene, Sisal? Jeon, B.J., Jeong, Y.G., Min, B.G., Lyoo, W.S. and Lee, S.C. (2011), Lead ion removal characteristics of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite foams prepared by supercritical CO2 process. Polymer Composites, 32 (9), 1408-1415.Full Text: 2011\Pol Com32, 1408.pdfAbstract: We have prepared a series of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HAp) composite foams by a supercritical CO2 foaming process and investigated the lead ion (Pb2+) removal performances of the foam samples in batch aqueous solutions (foam sample of 5 g, aqueous solution of 500 ml, initial Pb2+ ion concentration of 275 mg/l, pH values of 2.0-6.0) at 25?C. It is characterized that the porosity of the foams decreases from 96.3% to 50.3% as the HAp content increases from 0 to 40 wt%, although all the foam samples exhibit well-developed open porous structures. The maximum capacity of Pb2+ ions removed by the composite foams increases from 81.2 to 140.5 mg/g with increasing the HAp content from 10 to 40 wt%, due to the increased adsorption sites of HAp for Pb2+ ions. However, the removal kinetic analysis based on the pseudo-second order model demonstrates that the Pb2+ ion removal rate is slightly faster for the composite foams with higher porosity (i.e., lower HAp content). The maximum Pb2+ ion removal capacity of a given composite foam increases from 20.2 to 140.5 mg/g with increasing the initial pH value from 2.0 to 5.0 but it decreases slightly to 111.7 mg/g at the initial pH value of 6.0. POLYM. COMPOS., 32: 1408-1415, 2011. (C) 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Cd, Composite, Heavy-Metal Ions, Immobilization, Inorganic Cation-Exchangers, Kinetic, Lead, Pb, pH, Removal, Sorption, Synthetic Hydroxyapatites, Waste-WaterTitle: Polymer Degradation and StabilityFull Journal Title: Polymer Degradation and StabilityISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title:ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Freitas, A.R., Vidotti, G.J., Rubira, A.F. and Muniz, E.C. (2005), Polychloroprene degradation by a Photo-Fenton process. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 87 (3), 425-432.Full Text: P\Pol Deg Sta87, 425.pdfAbstract: The influence of iron(III)-chloride-6-hydrate, FeCl3-6H2O on the photodegradation of polychloroprene under different conditions has been investigated. The effects of polymer concentration (C-p), temperature (T), and polychromatic light exposure (L) on polymer degradation were evaluated using a 2(3) factorial design. The photodegradation rate constant was determined through solution efflux time data in an Ubbelohde capillary viscometer and FTIR spectroscopy. Polychloroprene/ FeCl3-6H2O photodegradation residues were investigated by GC-MS and FTIR spectroscopy. By efflux time data, it was verified that in contrast to C-P and light exposure, which play a significant role in polychloroprene degradation, temperature does not affect it. Degradation does not occur in the absence of light. Efflux time and FTIR data characterized the reaction as having second-order kinetics. Exposure of polychloroprene/ FeCl3-6H2O solution to polychromatic light induces polymer structure changes, as observed by GC-MS and FTIR. After photodegradation, intense spectral changes in conjugated carbonyl and hydroxyl bands were observed by FTIR. One of the degradation products was characterized as acid chloride (C3H5ClO). Due to the influence of water and light on FeCl3 catalyses, the reaction was characterized as a Photo-Fenton process. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Polychloroprene, Degradation, FeCl3-6H2O, Photo-Fenton Process, Oxidative-Degradation, Iron(III) Chloride, Aqueous-Solution, Polyisoprene, Photooxidation, Chloranil, Rubber? Kangwansupamonkon, W., Jitbunpot, W. and Kiatkamjornwong, S. (2010), Photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2/poly[acrylamide-co-(acrylic acid)] composite for textile dye degradation. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95 (9), 1894-1902.Full Text: 2010\Pol Deg Sta95, 1894.pdfAbstract: A novel photocatalytically degradable TiO2/poly[acrylamide-co-(acrylic acid)) composite hydrogel (TiO2/poly[AAm-co-AAc]) was synthesized by polymerization in an aqueous solution with N,N’-methyl-enebisacrylamide as the crosslinker and ammonium persulphate and TEMED as the initiator pair. The combined and separate effects of photodegradation and adsorption processes for dye removal were evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as the model dye for a photodegradation target, and compared with those of the neat poly[AAm-co-AAc], and a commercially available TiO2 photocatalyst (Degussa P-25). Without photodegradation (i.e. in the dark), the TiO2/poly[AAm-co-AAc] composite adsorbed up to 85% of the MB from a 5 mg L-1 MB solution in 15 min compared to only 10% for the pristine TiO2. The reproducibility in photodegradation of the reused poly[AAm-co-AAc] composite was also investigated, where poly[AAm-co-AAc] was found to be photocatalytically degraded under UV irradiation. Therefore, the TiO2/poly[AAm-co-AAc] composite hydrogel is a good dye adsorber with self-photodegradability and it also can easily be separated from the reaction by simple filtration. With these properties, the TiO2/poly[AAm-co-AAc] hydrogel can be called a green polymer for use in the photodegradation adsorption process for the abatement of various pollutants. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Ammonium, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Cationic Dyes, Composite, Degradation, Dye, Dye Removal, Efficiency, Filtration, Hydrogel, Irradiation, L1, MB, Metal-Ions, Methylene Blue, Methylene-Blue, Model, Phase-Transition, Photocatalytic Degradation, Photodegradation, Pollutants, Poly(Acrylamide-Co-Acrylic Acid), Polymer, Polymerization, Pristine, Removal, Reproducibility, Rights, Solution, Textile Dye, TiO2, TiO2, Titanium-Dioxide, UV, Waste-WaterTitle: Polymer Engineering and SciencePolymer Engineering and Science 1961-1995Full Journal Title: Polymer Engineering and ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title:ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Lee, S.N., Chiu, M.T. and Lin, H.S. (1992), Kinetic model for the curing reaction of a tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane/diamino diphenyl sulfone (TGDDM/DDS) epoxy resin system. Polymer Engineering and Science, 32 (15), 1037-1046.Full Text: 1992\Pol Eng Sci32, 1037.pdfAbstract: A kinetic model based on reaction mechanisms was proposed for the description of the curing behavior of a TGDDM/DDS resin system. The characteristic of this model is the separation of the non-autocatalytic part from the autocatalytic part of the reaction, so the model can match the well-established pseudo second order reaction mechanism, as proposed by many other studies about the epoxide/amine reaction. The present model was compared with two other widely used models for the autocatalytic curing behavior of epoxide/amine system, i.e., an equation based on a single rate constant and another based on pure phenomenological analysis, by using DSC data. It was found that the reaction rate calculated from this new model can fit the DSC empirical result much better than those calculated from the other two models. Parallel studies on some other resins, such as the DGEBA/m-PDA system, also proved the superiority of this kinetic model. Results have revealed that the new model was valid for most of the epoxide/1o-amine systems studied. A discrepancy did appear as the epoxide/amine molar ratio and/or the isothermal curing temperature reached certain limits, owing to the occurrence of side reactions.? Zhou, Y.M., Fu, S.Y., Liu, H., Yang, S.P. and Zhan, H.Y. (2011), Removal of methylene blue dyes from wastewater using cellulose-based superadsorbent hydrogels. Polymer Engineering and Science, 51 (12), 2417-2424.Full Text: 2011\Pol Eng Sci51, 2417.pdfAbstract: Superadsorbent cellulose-graft-acrylic acid (C-g-AA) hydrogels were successfully prepared via free radical polymerization in phosphoric acid solution. Phosphoric acid solution provides a homogeneous reaction system. The C-g-AA hydrogels have a porous network inner structure with cellulose as the backbone. The introduced carboxyl groups enable the C-g-AA hydrogels with good swelling property (swelling ratio 7327%) and excellent MB adsorption capacity (equilibrium adsorption amount 2197 mg g-1). The dynamic swelling behaviors of the hydrogels were tested, water intake of hydrogels followed a non-Fickian type diffusion. The effects of mole ratio of AA to cellulose, the pH of adsorption medium and the initial MB concentration on dye adsorption capacity of hydrogels were investigated. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics fit the Langmuir model and the Pseudo-second-order model well, respectively. Desorption was carried out in weak acid solution and 70% MB could be removed, suggesting the C-g-AA hydrogels had the potential for reuse. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 51:2417-2424, 2011. (C) 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Congo Red, Desorption, Dyes, Electron-Beam Irradiation, Fly-Ash, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, pH, Polyacrylic-Acid, Removal, Sorption, Superabsorbent, Swelling BehaviorTitle: Polymer InternationalFull Journal Title: Polymer InternationalISO Abbreviated Title: Polym. Int.JCR Abbreviated Title: Polym IntISSN: 0959-8103Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: John Wiley & Sons LtdPublisher Address: Baffins Lane Chichester, W Sussex PO19 1UD, EnglandSubject Categories: Polymer Science: Impact Factor 0.920, 20/69 (2000)Bajpai, U.D.N. and Bajpai, A.K. (1993), A new technique for the study of the kinetics of adsorption of polymers onto surfaces. Polymer International, 32, 43-51.Aminabhavi, T.M. and Munnolli, R.S. (1993), Sorption and diffusion of aldehydes and ketones into elastomers. Polymer International, 32, 61-70.Lin, J., Wu, H. and Li, S. (1993), Kinetics of phase transition in lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Polymer International, 32, 339-342.Bajpai, A.K. (1994), Kinetic behaviour of adsorption of gelatin at solid-liquid interface. Polymer International, 33 (3), 315-319.Abstract: The kinetics of adsorption of gelatin from its aqueous solution on to silica has been studied at room temperature. The adsorption isotherms were found to be of the Langmuir type. From the adsorption isotherms, the adsorption coefficient, surface coverage and rate constants for adsorption and desorption were evaluated. The rate of adsorption was found to be maximum at the isoelectric point of gelatin and decreased with increase in pH of the adsorption medium. The increased ionic strength of the medium also caused an increase in the rate and amount of adsorption.Keywords: Gelatin, Adsorption, Silica, Kinetics, Solid-Liquid Interface, Polyacrylic-Acid? Katime, I., Velada, J.L., Novoa, R., Díaz de Apodaca, E., Puig, J. and Mendizabal, E. (1996), Swelling kinetics of poly(acrylamide)/poly(mono-n-alkyl itaconates) hydrogels. Polymer International, 40 (4), 281-286.Full Text: 1996\Pol Int40, 281.pdfAbstract: Hydrogels of mono-n-alkyl itaconate/N-acrylamide have been synthesised. The swelling process at three different pH values (acid, neutral and basic) has been studied. The experimental data indicate that our hydrogels follow second-order swelling kinetics. According to this, the kinetic constant, K, and the swelling capacity at equilibrium, W, have been calculated. The influence of the solvent pH and the molar mass of the mono-n-alkyl itaconate monomeric unit has been analysed. It seems that the general balance between the hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic interactions regulates the swelling process of these hydrogels.Keywords: Hydrogel, Xerogel, mono-n-alkyl Itaconate, N-acrylamide, Swelling KineticsGuibal, E., Dambies, L., Milot, C. and Roussy, J. (1999), Influence of polymer structural parameters and experimental conditions on metal anion sorption by chitosan. Polymer International, 48 (8), 671-680.Full Text: P\Pol Int48, 671.pdfAbstract: Chitosan is effective at removing molybdate from acidic solutions, especially when it is stabilized by crosslinking treatment. The influence of structural and physicochemical properties of chitosan and the glutaraldehyde crosslinking step on molybdate has been studied. This study shows that the maximum sorption capacity mainly depends on the crystallinity and degree of deacetylation. Hydration and accessibility to internal sites are controlled by these parameters, which may explain the intraparticle diffusion control on mass transfer. Chitosan gel beads can be used instead of flaked particles to decrease sorbent crystallinity. These sorbents were used in column systems, and the breakthrough curves obtained under several experimental conditions (flow velocity and column depth) were modelled using numerical analysis. Molybdate-impregnated chitosan beads (MICB) can be used for As(V) removal: sorption isotherms show high sorption levels even at low arsenic concentrations, and at pH 2-3, arsenic removal is optimal and molybdenum release is minimal. The desorption and regeneration of the sorbent was effective using phosphoric acid solutions. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry.Keywords: Chitosan, Molybdate, Arsenic, Crystallinity, Kinetics, Sorption, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Ions, Membranes, Removal, Chitin, Beads, Water, Polymorphism, EquilibriumDenizli, F., Denizli, A. and Ar?ca, M.Y. (2000), In vitro cadmium removal from human serum by Cibacron Blue F3GA-thionein-complex conjugated affinity membranes. Polymer International, 49 (3), 302-308.Full Text: P\Pol Int49, 302.pdfAbstract: A new membrane affinity biosorbent carrying thionein has been developed for selective removal of cadmium ions from human serum. Microporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) membranes were prepared by photopolymerization of HEMA. The pseudo dye ligand Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) was covalently immobilized on the pHEMA membranes. Then, the cysteine-rich metallopeptide thionein was conjugated onto the CB-immobilized membrane. The maximum amounts of CB immobilized and thionein conjugated on the membranes were 1.07 ?mol cm-2 and 0.92 ?mol cm-2, respectively. The hydrophilic pHEMA membrane had a swelling ratio of 58% (w/w) with a contact angle of 45.8 degrees. CB-immobilized and CB-immobilized-thionein-conjugated membranes were used in the Cd(II) removal studies. Cd(II) ion adsorption appeared to reach equilibrium within 30 min and to follow a typical Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum capacity (qm) of the CB-immobilized membranes was 0.203 (?mol Cd(II))cm-2 membrane and increased to 1.48 (?mol Cd(II))cm-2 upon CB-thionein-complex conjugation. The pHEMA membranes retained their cadmium adsorption capacity even after 10 cycles of repeated use. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.Keywords: Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate), Affinity Membrane, Cibacron Blue F3GA, Peptide, Thionein, Complex Conjugation, Cadmium, Human Serum, Poly(2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate) Membranes, Methacrylate) Membranes, Proteins, F3GA, Adsorption, Microbeads, System, MetalsBayramo?lu, G., Senel, A.U., Yal?in, E. and Ar?ca, M.Y. (2006), Human serum albumin adsorption on poly[(glycidyl methacrylate)-co-(methyl methacrylate)] beads modified with a spacer-arm-attached L-histidine ligand. Polymer International, 55 (1), 40-48.Full Text: 2006\Pol Int55, 40.pdfAbstract: Poly(GMA/MMA) beads were synthesized from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of a cross-linker (i.e. ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) (EGDMA) via suspension polymerization. The epoxy groups of the poly(GMA/MMA) beads were converted into amino groups with either ammonia or 1,6-diaminohexane (i.e. spacer-arm). An L-histidine ligand was then covalently immobilized on the aminated (poly(GMA/MMA)-AH) and/or the spacer-arm attached (poly(GMA/MMA)-SAH) beads using glutaric dialdehyde as a coupling agent. Both affinity adsorbents were used in human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption/desorption studies under defined pH, ionic strength or temperature conditions in a batch reactor. The spacer-arm attached affinity adsorbent resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity to HSA when compared to the aminated counterpart (i.e. poly(GMA/MMA)-AH). The maximum adsorption capacities of the affinity adsorbents were found to be significantly high, i.e. 43.7 and 80.2 mg g-1 (of the beads), while the affinity constants, evaluated by the Langmuir model, were 3.9610-7 and 9.5310-7 moll-1 for poly(GMA/MMA) -AH and poly(GMA/MMA)-SAH, respectively. The adsorption capacities of the affinity adsorbents were decreased for HSA by increasing the ionic strength, adjusted with NaCl. The adsorption kinetics of HSA were analysed by using pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations. The second-order equation fitted well with the experimental data. (c) 2005 Society of Chemical Industry.Keywords: Poly(GMA/MMA) Beads, Spacer-ARM, Histidine, Affinity Adsorbents, Human Serum Albumin, Adsorption, Affinity-Chromatography, Membranes, Purification, Proteins, Dye, Immobilization, Separation, Cellulose, Lysozyme, KineticsTitle: Polymer JournalFull Journal Title: Polymer JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0032-3896Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Kurita, K., Koyama, Y. and Chikaoka, S. (1988), Studies on chitin. 16. Influence of controlled side-chain introduction to chitosan on the adsorption of copper(II) ion. Polymer Journal, 20 (12), 1083-1089.Full Text: Pol J20, 1083.pdf? Kido, H. and Kai, A. (1998), Structure of nascent microbial cellulose - IV. Influence of size and substitution groups of direct dye on nascent microbial cellulose. Polymer Journal, 30 (6), 508-512.Full Text: Pol J30, 508.pdfAbstract: The structures of products obtained from Acetobacter-cultures in the presence of direct dyes and cellulose regenerated from those were examined by X-ray measurements. The products obtained in the presence of direct dyes showed the X-ray diffraction diagrams with two distinct peaks different from the diffraction diagram of microbial cellulose. These products were crystalline complexes containing the direct dye between the cellulose sheets corresponding to the (1 (1) over bar 0) plane of microbial cellulose. Cellulose I was regenerated from the Direct Brown 106 and the Direct Blue 71 complexes, cellulose IV was regenerated from the Direct Red 28 complex and cellulose II was regenerated from the Direct Red 80 complex. The different effects of direct dyes on the structure of the nascent cellulose may be due mainly to the number of sulfonate groups per unit of molecular weight.Keywords: Acetobacter Xylinum, Microbial Cellulose, Direct Dye, Dye-Cellulose Complex, Cellulose I, Cellulose II, Cellulose IV, Acetobacter-Xylinum, Fluorescent Brightener, Bacterial CelluloseTitle: Polymer-KoreaFull Journal Title: Korea Polymer JournalISO Abbreviated Title: Korea Polym. J.JCR Abbreviated Title: Korea Polym JISSN: 1225-5947Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: South KoreaLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Polymer Soc KoreaPublisher Address: Room 601, Hatchon Building, 831 Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-792, SOSubject Categories: Polymer Science: Impact Factor 0.207, 59/69 (2000)? Kang, D.W., Choi, H.R. and Kweon, D.K. (1996), Selective adsorption capacity for metal ions of amidoximated chitosan bead-g-PAN copolymer. Polymer-Korea, 20 (6), 989-995.Abstract: Amidoximated chitosan bead-g-PAN copolymer was prepared by the reaction of cyano group of chitosan bead-g-PAN copolymer with hydroxylamine, after crosslinking of chitosan with glutaraldehyde and grafted AN. The metal ion adsorption percentage and the stability constant were measured under various conditions. The metal ion adsorption percentage for amidoximated chitosan bead-g-PAN copolymer (PAN grafting%: 170) decreased for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+, compared with that of crosslinked chitosan but increased for Cu2+, Mn2+. Specially, the adsorption percentage for Pb2+ was increased from 17.4% to 80.6%. The stability constants of amidoximated chitosan-g-PAN copolymer decreased from 15.56 to 15.20 for Zn2+, 15.56 to 14.41 for Cd2+, 20.07 to 20.02 for Hg2+, respectively. However those increased from 18.40 to 18.77 for Cu2+, 12.01 to 13.04 for Mn2+, 14.34 to 17.51 for Pb2+, compared with that of crosslinked chitosan.? Jung, B.Y., Kang, S.H., Lee, J.C. and Hwang, T.S. (2006), Separation reaction characteristics of boron ion by ion exchange method. Polymer-Korea, 30 (1), 45-49.Abstract: In this study, it was investigated on the boron separation from synthetically prepared seawater. Ton exchange resin used in the experiments was Amberlite IRA 743, containing glucamine functional group. The experiments were carried out as a function of the conditions of the pH, boron initial concentration and temperature of seawater in a batch reactor. As a result, optimum conditions for boron adsorption were at pH 8.5 and 313 K, respectively. The adsorption rate was increased very fast with increasing the temperature, but decreased with increasing the initial concentration of boron. Also, the kinetics for boron adsorption applied the pseudo-second order model, as follows:X/(1-X) = 780[C-0](-1.65)t(1.48)exp(-(17883)/RT); pH 8.5.Keywords: Boron Separation, Glucamine, Batch Reactor, Adsorption Kinetics, Removal, Adsorption, Kinetics, ResinTitle: Polymer-Plastics Technology and EngineeringFull Journal Title: Polymer-Plastics Technology and EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng.JCR Abbreviated Title: Polym-Plast TechnolISSN: 0360-2559Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Marcel Dekker IncPublisher Address: 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016Subject Categories: Polymer Science: Impact Factor 0.354, 51/69 (2000)? Ibrahim, N.A., Hashem, A. and Abou Shosha, M.H. (1997), Amination of wood sawdust for removing anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 36 (6), 963-971.Full Text: 1997\Pol-Pla Tec Eng36, 963.pdfAbstract: Inexpensive and efficient cellulose-based adsorbents were prepared by the reaction of cross-linked polyethylenimine (CPEI) with an agricultural waste (i.e., wood sawdust). Factors affecting the extent of amination, such a CPEI concentration, pH, time, and temperature of reaction as well as sawdust particle size range, were studied. The obtained adsorbents were found to be highly effective for removal of anionic dyestuffs (i.e., direct, reactive, and acid dyes) from aqueous solutions. The presence of CPEI on and/or within the purified sawdust provides cationic active sites (i.e., amino groups) and enhances the substantivity of wood cellulose for anionic dyes, thereby improving the percent color removal.Keywords: Acid, Acid Dyes, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Chitin, Dye Removal, Dyes, pH, Polyethyleneimine, Removal, Sawdust, Waste, Wood? Fahmy, H.M., Mohamed, Z.E., Abo-Shosha, M.H. and Ibrahim, N.A. (2004), Thermosole cross-linking of chitosan and utilization in the removal of some dyes from aqueous solution. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 43 (1), 159-175.Full Text: 2004\Pol-Pla Tec Eng43, 159.pdfAbstract: Crosslinking of chitosan by the thermosole method was achieved using dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) crosslinking agent in the presence of triethanolamine hydrochloride (TEA.HCl) as a catalyst under different conditions including time, temperature, and concentration of DMDHEU or TEA.HCl, and reagents to chitosan ratio. Two cross-linked chitosan substrates, having amino contents of 386 and 430meq/100g, were prepared and characterized as ion exchangers by investigating their potentiometric titration as well as swelling in HCl or water. These two substrates were used for the removal of three dyes (direct, reactive, or acid) from aqueous solutions under different pHs and time. The adsorption kinetics of the removal process were studied.Keywords: Chitosan, Thermosole Method, Cross-Linking, Fibers? Fahmy, H.M., Mohamed, Z.E., Abo-Shosha, M.H. and Ibrahim, N.A. (2004), Thermosole cross-linking of chitosan and utilization in the removal of some dyes from aqueous solution. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 43 (2), 445-462.Full Text: 2004\Pol-Pla Tec Eng43, 445.pdfAbstract: Cross-linking of chitosan by the thermosole method was achieved using a dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) cross-linking agent in the presence of triethanolamine hydrochloride (TEA.HCl) as a catalyst under different conditions including time, temperature, and concentration of DMDHEU or TEA.HCl, and reagents to chitosan ratio. Two cross-linked chitosan substrates, having amino contents of 386 and 430 meg/100 g were prepared and characterized as ion exchangers by investigating their potentiometric titration as well as swelling in HCl or water. These two substrates were used for the removal of three dyes (direct, hydrolyzed reactive, or acid) from aqueous solutions under different pHs and time. The adsorption kinetics of the removal process were studied.Keywords: Thermosole, Cross-Linking, Chitosan, Dyes, Aqueous Solutions, Fibers? ?züm, ?.B. and Karada?, E. (2006), A new sorbent chemically cross-linked highly swollen copolymeric hydrogels for dye uptake. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 45 (12), 1277-1283.Full Text: 2006\Pol-Pla Tec Eng45, 1277.pdfAbstract: Water uptake and the sorption properties of polyelectrolyte hydrogels made by the polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) with maleic acid (MA) were investigated as a function of composition to find materials with swelling and dye sorption properties. Highly swollen acrylamide/maleic acid (AAm/MA) hydrogels were prepared by free radical solution polymerization in aqueous solutions of AAm with MA as comonomer and two multifunctional crosslinkers such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and 1,4 butanediol dimethacrylate (BDMA). Swelling experiments were performed in water at 25°C, gravimetrically. Chemically crosslinked AAm/MA hydrogels were used in experiments on sorption of water-soluble monovalent cationic dyes such as ‘Nil blue’ (NB) and ‘Methyl violet (MV)’. Weight-swelling ratio values of AAm/MA hydrogels were calculated range 8.88-61.46. Some swelling kinetic parameters were found. Diffusion behavior of water and water sorption rate constant were investigated. Water diffusion into hydrogels was found to be non-Fickian in character. For sorption of cationic dyes, NB and MV into AAm/MA hydrogels were studied by batch sorption technique at 25°C. AAm/MA hydrogels in the dye solutions showed coloration. However, the AAm hydrogel did not show sorption of any dye from solution. The amount of the dye sorbed per unit mass of AAm/MA hydrogels was investigated.Keywords: Acid Hydrogels, Acrylamide, Acrylamide, Adsorption, Cationic Dye Sorption, Cationic Dyes, Diffusion, Dimethacrylate, Drug-Delivery, Dye, Dyes, Free Radical, Hydrogel, Hydrogels, Kinetic Parameters, Maleic Acid, Networks, Parameters, Rate Constant, Release, Separation, Sorption, Swelling? Hashem, A., Azzeer, A.M. and Ayoub, A. (2010), The Removal of Hg(II) ions from laboratory wastewater onto phosphorylated haloxylon ammodendron: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 49 (14), 1463-1472.Full Text: 2010\Pol-Pla Tec Eng49, 1463.pdfAbstract: Haloxylon ammodendron (HA), a desert plant residue, has been utilized as adsorbent material for the removal of Hg (II) ions from laboratory wastewater after treatment with phosphoric acid to form Haloxylon ammodendron cellulose phosphate (HACP). Three levels of HACP having different phosphorous content were prepared. The HACP samples were characterized by estimating the phosphorous content as well as FT-IR spectra. Using the batch experimental systems, the removal of Hg (II) on the HACP particles was investigated. The data of the adsorption isotherm was tested by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The removal processes of Hg (II) onto HACP particles could be well described by pseudo-second order model. The adsorption rate of mercury was affected by the initial heavy metal concentration, initial pH, adsorbent dose and agitation time and temperature as well as extent of modification. The adsorption experiments indicated that the HACP particles have great potential for the removal of Hg (II) from laboratory wastewater. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of the HACP towards Hg (II) ions was found to be 384.6 and 416.7 and 476.2mg/g at 30, 40 and 50 degrees C, respectively. Similarly, the Freundlich constant, n values were found to be 6.6, 4.4 and 3.8 at 30, 40 and 50?C, respectively. The thermodynamics constants of the adsorption process: H degrees, S degrees and G degrees were evaluated.Keywords:, Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Capacity, Adsorption, Isotherm, Adsorption, Kinetic, Adsorption, Rate, Alhagi, Residues, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Capacity, Cellulose, Copper, Data, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FT-IR, FTIR, Ha, Haloxylon, Ammodendron, Heavy, Metal, Hg, (II), Removal, Isotherm, Kinetic, Langmuir, Model, Models, Modification, pH, Phosphorylation, Process, Processes, Pseudo, Second, Order, Pseudo-Second, Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Sorption, Sunflower, Stalks, Temkin, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamics, Treatment, Wastewater, Zn(II), Ions? Li, S.F., Yan, S.L. and Yu, J.Y. (2011), Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution by hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 50 (8), 783-790.Full Text: 2011\Pol-Pla Tec Eng50, 783.pdfAbstract: Hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized using acrylic acid (AA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) as copolymer monomers. These hydrogels were carried out for removal cationic dyes from aqueous solution. It was found that the adsorption of cationic dye depended on the length of the side chain, hydrophobic monomer (MMA, EMA and BMA) content and pH of the solution. Increasing the hydrophobic monomer content led to an increase in the adsorption of cationic dyes on the hydrogels. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of hydrogels were in good agreement with pseudo-second-order equation and the Langmuir equation, respectively. The cationic dyes adsorption of hydrogels involved a mechanism that combined swelling and electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction.Keywords: Acid-Acrylamide-Methacrylate), Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Beads, Cationic Dye, Decolorization, Drug-Delivery, Hydrogel, Hydrophobically, Ions, Kinetics, Networks, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reactive Dyes? Yasar, M., Deligoz, H. and Guclu, G. (2011), Removal of indigo carmine and Pb(II) ion from aqueous solution by polyaniline. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 50 (9), 882-892.Full Text: 2011\Pol-Pla Tec Eng50, 882.pdfAbstract: In this work, we report the synthesis of polyaniline emaraldine salt (PAni-ES) by a chemical oxidative polymerization method. The obtained PAni-ES samples prepared under different conditions were used for the removal of indigo carmine anionic dye and Pb(II) ion from aqueous solutions. The results also showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted better than the data obtained from pseudo-first-order model for the adsorption of anionic dye and Pb(II) ion onto PAni-ES. The fit of the data for indigo carmine and Pb(II) ion adsorption onto PAni-ES suggested that the Langmuir model gave closer fittings than Freundlich model.Keywords: Acrylic Acid Copolymers, Adsorption, Adsorption, Anionic Dye, Anionic Dyes, Basic-Dyes, Competitive Removal, Doped Polyaniline, Heavy-Metal Ions, Indigo Carmine, Model, Nanocomposite Hydrogels, Nickel II, Pb(II), Pb(II) Ion, Polyaniline, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, StarchTitle: Polymer Science Series AFull Journal Title: Polymer Science Series AISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Buznik, V.M. and Zibareva, I.V. (2011), Bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on fluoropolymers. Polymer Science Series A, 53 (11), 1110-1120.Full Text: 2011\Pol Sci Ser A53, 1110.pdfAbstract: Scientific publications on fluoropolymers are sought in the Chemical Abstracts Plus database accessed via the SciFinder system. For the period 1946-2010, nearly 116 000 publications containing the search term fluoropolymers as the main concept are found. For nearly 75 000 publications over the period 2000-2009, a detailed bibliometric analysis is performed on the basis of thematic sections and subject headings of the database, substances, publication types, languages and authors of publications, journal titles, and organization names. On the basis of the results, recommendations for improving Russian indicators in the field of fluoropolymers are suggested.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Chemical Abstracts, Chemistry, Indicators, Journal, Publication, Publications, Recommendations, Scientific PublicationsTitle: Polymer Science U.S.S.R.Full Journal Title: Polymer Science U.S.S.R.ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Tager, A.A., Tsilipotkina, M.V. and Romanova, D.M. (1962), Estimation of the Packing density of solid polymers—III. Crystalline polymers. Polymer Science U.S.S.R., 3 (6), 1139-1142.Full Text: 1960-80\Pol Sci USSR3, 1139.pdfAbstract: The degree of the packing of polymer chains cannot always be estimated from a study of the density of the polymer since the density of the substance depends, not only on the average distance between its molecules, but also on the nature of the atoms entering the molecule. Because of this, even with identical densities of the chain packing, polymers which differ in their chemical nature, have different densities, which is perfectly natural. Therefore the development of a method of estimation of the density of polymer chains and the distance between the chains is very important both theoretically and practically.In a series of papers it was indicated quantitatively that highly-elastic polymers were packed just as densely as low-molecular weight liquids, whereas the degree of packing of ‘glassy’ polymers can vary in very wide limits from very dense (poly-vinyl-alcohol) to very light (polystyrene). However, the methods used in these papers did not permit a quantitative estimation of the density of the packing of the polymer chains.An attempt was made in [1] to apply methods, developed for the determination of the specific surface area and pore density of solid sorbents, to solid polymers for the estimation of the packing density of their chains. In this, we began with a consideration of the rigid structure of the solid ‘glassy’ polymer. If its chains are packed loosely, the distance between the chains changes and has the same order as the distance in solid, ultra-microporous sorbents of the types, activated carbon and silica gel, i.e. of the order of an ?ngstr?m. We obtained values of the specific surface area and pore volume for a range of glassy polymers by an investigation of the sorption of the vapour of liquids, inert with respect to the polymers. (It was necessary that the liquids should be inert to preserve the solid structure of the sorbent polymer in the process of sorption.) We carried out the determination of the pore volume of the glassy polymers by the method of Dubinin-Radushkevich [2].Later this method was used in the estimation of the change of packing density of fibres, exposed to various kinds of influences [3].Surkova, N.S., Tkachenko, G.T., Sidorovich, Ye.A., Tolstopyatov, G.M., Marei, A.I. and Kuvshinskii, Ye.V. (1974), The mechanical properties and morphology of butadiene-styrene block-copolymers of different compositions. Polymer Science U.S.S.R., 16 (6), 1434-1444.Full Text: P\Pol Sci USSR16, 1434.pdfAbstract: A dynamic mechanical method and electron microscopy have been used to study butadiene-styrene (BDST) thermoplastic elastomers of different compositions. The effect of the number of blocks present in the polymer chains at a fixed composition and molecular weight on the properties of these block copolymers has been established. The minimal block dimensions at which the polymers would behave like random copolymers have been estimated. Three-block copolymers with 40% styrene were found to have decreasing elasticity and loss moduli when the molecular weight increased from 7×104 to 65×104, while the tensile strength passes through a maximum. The electron microscopic studies showed laminar structures to form in the block copolymers, in which the molecular weight changed from 7×104 to 17×104. When the latter increased to 65×104, the macromolecular structure changes from the laminar to the globular. The method of sample preparation (from the melt or solution) greatly affected the mechanical properties and morphology of the copolymers with a large molecular weight.Title: Polymers for Advanced TechnologiesFull Journal Title: Polymers for Advanced TechnologiesISO Abbreviated Title: Polym. Adv. Technol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Polym Advan TechnolISSN: 1042-7147Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: John Wiley & Sons LtdPublisher Address: Baffins Lane Chichester, W Sussex PO19 1UD, EnglandSubject Categories: Polymer Science: Impact Factor 1.066, 16/69 (2000)Karada?, E., Saraydin, D. and Güven, O. (1997), Cationic dye adsorption by acrylamide itaconic acid hydrogels in aqueous solutions. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 8 (9), 574-578.Full Text: P\Pol Adv Tec8, 574.pdfAbstract: Acrylamide/itaconic acid (AAm/IA) hydrogels containing different quantifies of itaconic acid have been irradiated with gamma radiation. The hydrogels were used in an experiment concerning the adsorption of cationic dyes such as Basic Blue 9, Basic Violet 1 and Basic Blue 12. In the experiments of the adsorption of dyes from their synthetic aqueous solutions, type S adsorption isotherms were found. One mole of monomeric unit of AAm/IA hydrogels adsorbed 78.5-513.1 ?mole of Basic Blue 9, 60.2-641.1 ?mole of Basic Violet 1 and, 28.8-593.3 ?mole of Basic Blue 12, while acrylamide hydrogel did not adsorb any cationic dye. As a result, if was shown that the AAm/IA hydrogels could be used as an adsorbent for water pollutants such as dyes, and immobilization of these organic contaminants in the hydrogels from waste wafer can solve one of the most important environmental problems of the textile industry.? Tong, M., Yu, J.X., Sun, X.M. and Li, B. (2007), Polymer modified biomass of baker’s yeast for treating simulated wastewater containing nickel and lead. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 18 (10), 829-834.Full Text: 2007\Pol Adv Tec18, 829.pdfAbstract: Baker’s yeast was cross-linked by glutaraldehyde and then modified by grafting with poly(amic acid), which was prepared via reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and arginine at 50°C. The morphology of the pristine, cross-linked, and modified biomass was observed by microscope. The presence of poly(amic acid) on the biomass surface was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Due to the high density of the functional groups on the modified biomass surface, the metal adsorption capacity for nickel and lead increased significantly, especially when the carboxylic acid groups were converted into carboxylate ions using NaOH. The adsorption process for nickel and lead adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The metal adsorption data were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with the former having a better fit. Using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the maximum uptakes for nickel and lead were found to be 0.848 and 0.980 mmol g-1 respectively which were about 15 and 11 times higher than the prisitine biomass. In the simulated wastewater containing 0.400 mmol l-1 of Ni2+ and Pb2+, the metal adsorption capacity of Ni2+ and Pb2+ reached 0.365 mmol l-1 and 0.390 mmol l-1. respectively. The metal ions loaded biomass was regenerated using Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) solution and used repeatedly over four cycles with little loss of uptake capacity. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Process, Arginine, Baker’s Yeast, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Carboxylate, Carboxylic Acid, Chromium, Crosslinked, Density, Edta, Enhancement, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherms, Functional, Functional Groups, Fungal Biomass, Glutaraldehyde, Grafting, Groups, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, L(1), Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Lead, Lead Adsorption, Metal, Metal Adsorption, Metal Ions, Modification, Modified, Morphology, NaOH, Ni2+, Nickel, Pb2+, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Reaction, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Simulated Wastewater, Spectroscopy, Surface, Uptake, Wastewater, X-Ray, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS, Yeast? Xia, Y.Y. and Wan, J.M. (2008), Preparation and adsorption of novel cellulosic fibers modified by -cyclodextrin. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 19 (4), 270-275.Full Text: 2008\Pol Adv Tec19, 270.pdfAbstract: Novel cellulosic fibers modified by beta-cyclodextrin (CFEC) were prepared for adsorption for heavy metal ions like copper(II) and organic dye like neutral red from their aqueous solutions. The modified cellulosic fibers gave higher copper ion adsorption, and showed copper ion uptake values of 6.24 mg/g at 293°C, as against no adsorption for unmodified cellulosic fibers. Adsorption isotherm model indicated the adsorption of the novel modified fibers for heavy metal ions best fitted for Langmiur model. The adsorption was an exothermic reaction, and the reaction caloric was 6.295 kJ/ mol. Copper ions could form a 7:4 complex with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). The novel modified cellulosic fibers could also form inclusion complexes with neutral red via beta-CD molecules. In addition, it was found that the novel modified cellulosic fibers had nearly the same mechanical and thermal properties as the unmodified cellulosic fibers because the modification did not destroy the main chain of cellulose molecules. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Fibers, Mechanical Properties, Thermal Properties, Dyes? Ka?g?z, H. and Durmus, A. (2008), Dye removal by a novel hydrogel-clay nanocomposite with enhanced swelling properties. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 19 (7), 838-845.Full Text: 2008\Pol Adv Tec19, 838.pdfAbstract: Acrylamide (AAm)-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPSNa) hydrogel and AAm-AMPSNa/clay hydrogel nanocomposite having 10 w% clay was prepared by in situ copolymerization in aqueous solution in the presence of a crosslinking agent (NN’-Methylene -bisacrylamide (NMBA)). Swelling properties and kinetics of the hydrogel samples were investigated in water and aqueous solutions of the Safranine-T (ST) and Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) dyes. The swelling and diffusion parameters were also calculated in water and dye solutions. It was observed that the AAm-AMPSNa/clay hydrogel nanocomposite exhibits improved swelling capacity compared with the AAm-AMPSNa hydrogel. It was also found that the diffusion mechanisms show non-Fickian character. Adsorption properties of the hydrogel samples in the aqueous solution of ST and BCB dyes were also investigated. Clay incorporation into the hydrogel structure increased not only the adsorption capacity but also the adsorption rate. Adsorption capacity values of the hydrogel nanocomposite were found to be 484.2 and 494.2 mg g-1 for the ST and BCB dyes, respectively. It was seen that the adsorption of dyes by the hydrogel nanocomposite completed in 10 min while the AAm-AMPSNa hydrogel adsorbed dyes approximately in 90 min. Adsorption data of the samples were modelled by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations in order to investigate dye adsorption mechanism. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of hydrogel nanocomposite followed a pseudo-second-order model. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It was seen that the Langmuir model fits the adsorption data better than the Freundlich model. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Absorption, Acid Hydrogels, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Mechanism, Adsorption Rate, Anionic Dyes, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic-Dyes, Capacity, Cationic Dyes, Clay, Copolymerization, Crosslinking, Diffusion, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dye Removal, Dyes, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Hydrogel, Hydrogel Nanocomposite, In Situ, Indigo Carmine, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Equations, Kinetic Modelling, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Langmuir Model, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Model, Nanocomposite, Phase-Transition, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Salt, Sodium, Solution, Structure, Superabsorbent Composite, Swelling, Waste-Water, Water? Cavus, S., Gurdag, G., Sozgen, K. and Gurkaynak, M.A. (2009), The preparation and characterization of poly(acrylic acid-co-methacrylamide) gel and its use in the non-competitive heavy metal removal. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 20 (3), 165-172.Full Text: 2009\Pol Adv Tec20, 165.pdfAbstract: Poly(acrylic acid-co-methacrylamide), P(AA-co-MAAm), and poly(acrylic acid), PAA, gels were prepared and the use of these gels in the non-competitive removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions was investigated at room temperature. Characterization of the polymers was performed by FTIR spectroscopy both before and after adsorption of metal ions on P(AA-co-MAAM) or PAA. The equilibrium swelling values (ESVs) of both polymers were determined by gravimetric method. During the adsorption of metal ions on both polymers, residual metal ion concentration in the solution (by atomic absorption spectrophoto meter (AAS)) and the solution pH were measured. The kinetics of the adsorption process was determined from the experimental results. Pseudo-first and second-order plots and the correlation coefficients showed that the kinetics of non-competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions on P(AA-co-MAAM) or PAA is correlated best with pseudo-second-order process. While the removal order in the non-competitive adsorption of heavy metal ions on PAA was Pb2+ (2.60 mmol g-1) > Cu2+ (1.04 mmol g-1) > Cd2+ (0.88 mmol g-1), it was in the order of Pb2+ (1.85 mmol g-1) > Cd2+ (0.70 mmol g-1) > Cu2+ (0.64 mmol g-1) for P(AA-co-MAAM) copolymer. The introduction of MAAm into PAA decreased the metal ion removal capacity of copolymer for Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions considerably, but it did not significantly affect that for Cd2+ ion. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Acrylic-Acid, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Cadmium, Carboxylic-Acid Groups, Cellulose Graft-Copolymers, Competitive Removal, Copper, Free-Radical Copolymerization, Heavy Metals, Hydrogels, Ion-Retention Properties, Lead, Sulfonic-Acid, Swelling, Swelling Characterization, Water-Insoluble Polymers? Senkal, B.F., Tekin, E.T. and Yavuz, E. (2009), Preparation of pyridine sulphonamide resin for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 20 (3), 308-311.Full Text: 2009\Pol Adv Tec20, 308.pdfAbstract: A pyridine sulfonamide containing resinous polymer has been prepared starting from crosslinked polystyrene 10% divinylbenzene (DVB) resin beads (420-590 mu m) by the following series of reactions: chlorosulfonation and sulfonamidation with 4-amino pyridine. Dye extraction experiments were carried out simply by contacting wetted resin samples with aqueous dye solutions at room temperature. Capacities were determined by colorimetric analysis of the residual dye contents. Dye sorption capacity of the resin was found to be 0.77 g per gram resin for calcon. This material is also able to remove the anionic dyes completely even from highly diluted aqueous dye solutions. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Color, Dye Removal, Ions, Microbial Decolorization, Polystyrene Resin, Reactive Dyes, Sorption, Sulfonamide Resin, Technologies, Textile Effluent, Waste-Water? Garg, G., Chauhan, G.S. and Ahn, J.H. (2011), Polysulfobetaines as extractants for Sr(II) ions from its aqueous solutions. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 22 (12), 1794-1801.Full Text: 2011\Pol Adv Tec22, 1794.pdfAbstract: In the present paper, we communicate sorption of Sr(II) ions on novel polysulfobetaines. N-vinyl imidazole was modified by crosslinking it with four different crosslinkers: N,N-methylene bisacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, divinyl benzene, and tripropylene glycol diacrylate. All the crosslinked networks were treated with sodium 2-bromoethane sulfonate to obtain novel polysulfobetaines. The polymers were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis and SEM to find evidence of network formation and quaternization. These polymers were used as Sr(II) sorbents. Sr(II) uptake was determined by using a colorimetric method using Rose Bengal anionic dye and 0.1 N HCl as the eluent. SEM-EDS analysis of Sr(II)-loaded polymers as well as after elution on treatment with 0.1 N HCl was recorded to ascertain the uptake of Sr(II) ions. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Freundlich and Temkin equations. The experimental data also were analyzed using pseudo-second order sorption kinetic model. Results show that the equilibrium data fit well in the Freundlich isotherm. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Adsorption, Copolymers, Design, Elution, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FTIR, Hydrogels, Imidazole, Isotherm, Kinetic, Polysulfobetaines, Quaternization, Removal, Rose Bengal Dye, Solvent-Extraction, Sorption, Strontium, Strontium Ions, Sulfonic-Acid, Uptake, Waste? Liu, X., Chen, H., Wang, C.H., Qu, R.J., Ji, C.N., Sun, C.M. and Xu, Q. (2011), Adsorption properties of amidoximated porous acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate copolymer beads for Ag(I). Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 22 (12), 2032-2038.Full Text: 2011\Pol Adv Tec22, 2032.pdfAbstract: Porous a crylonitrile (AN)/methyl acrylate (MA) copolymer beads were synthesized by suspended emulsion polymerization and amidoximated for the purpose of Ag+ adsorption. Optimum amidoximation temperature and time were determined by following the adsorption capacity for Ag+. The results showed that amidoximated AN/MA (AO AN/MA) with the amidoximation temperature 70?C and amidoximation time 20 hr had a relatively higher adsorption capacity for Ag+. The effect of pH on adsorption for Ag+ was studied; the highest adsorption capacity presented at pH 5.0. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms of AO AN/MA copolymer beads for Ag+ were also investigated. The kinetics data indicated that the adsorption process was governed by the film diffusion and followed both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate model. The isotherms indicated that adsorption capacities increased with equilibrium concentration and temperature. The Langmuir model and Sips model could describe the isothermal process. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption behaviors of Ag+ ions on AO AN/MA could be considered as endothermic and physical sorption process. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Acrylonitrile, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Ag(I), Ag+, Amidoxime, Chelating Resin, Concentration, Equilibrium, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Metal-Ions Adsorption, pH, Removal, Sorption, Suspended Emulsion Polymerization, Suspended Emulsion Polymerization, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Water? Tang, R., Li, Q., Cui, H., Zhang, Y. and Zhai, J.P. (2011), Adsorption of aqueous Hg(II) by a novel poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol)/mesoporous silica SBA-15 composite. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 22 (12), 2231-2236.Full Text: 2011\Pol Adv Tec22, 2231.pdfAbstract: A novel poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol) (PAOA)/mesoporous silica SBA-15 nanocomposite was synthesized and investigated for adsorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions of wide pH range. A chemical oxidation method was employed for polymerization of aniline and o-aminophenol on an ordered SBA-15 template to obtain a significantly enlarged BET surface area of the adsorbent. Efficiency study revealed that the PAOA/SBA-15 could reach a maximum Hg(II) adsorption capacity of over 400 mg/g. Kinetic study showed that the Hg(II) adsorption by the PAOA/SBA-15 fitted a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the mercury adsorption process was predominantly controlled by chemical process. The results of this study also proved that the adsorbed Hg(II) could be effectively desorbed from the PAOA/SBA-15 in 0.1M HCl and 5% sulfocarbonide solutions. Associated adsorption mechanism was also investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aniline, BET, Copolymer, Efficiency, Enhanced Surface Area, FTIR, Inner-Sphere Adsorption, Kinetic, Mechanism, Mercury, Mercury(II), Mercury Ions, Microparticles, O-Aminophenol, pH, Poly(Aniline-co-o-Aminophenol), Polyaniline, Removal, SBA-15, Silica, Sorption, Waste, Waters, XPS? Zong, G.X., Chen, H., Tan, Z., Wang, C.H. and Qu, R.J. (2011), Atom transfer radical polymerization with activators regenerated by electron transfer of acrylonitrile from silica nanoparticles, and adsorption properties of the resin for Hg2+ after amidoximation with hydroxylamine. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 22 (12), 2626-2632.Full Text: 2011\Pol Adv Tec22, 2626.pdfAbstract: Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was grafted from surfaces of chloro-modified silica-gel with their surface chlorines as initiation sites, using an iron (III)-mediated surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with activators regenerated by electron transfer (SI-ARGET ATRP) method. The graft reaction exhibits first-order kinetics with respect to the polymerization time in the low-monomer-conversion stage. The conversion of monomer (C%) and the percentage of grafting (PG%) increased with increasing of the polymerizing time and reached 23 and 730% after a polymerizing time of 24 hr, respectively. Hydroxylamine (NH2OH center dot HCl) was used to modify the cyano groups of SG-g-PAN to obtain amidoxime (AO) groups. The AO SG-g-PAN was used to remove Hg2+. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the pseudo-second-order model was more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of AO SG-g-PAN for Hg2+. The adsorption isotherms demonstrated that Langmuir model was much better than Freundlich model to describe the isothermal process. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Acrylonitrile, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Properties, Amidoxime, Arget Atrp, Block, Electron Transfer, Freundlich, Graft-Copolymers, Heavy-Metal Ions, Iron, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Microspheres, Particles, Resin, Si-Atrp, Silica, Surface Functionalization, Surface Initiated Arget Atrp, Uranium RecoveryTitle: Portal-Libraries and the AcademyFull Journal Title: Portal-Libraries and the AcademyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1531-2542Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Davis, P. (2002), Where to spend our E-journal money: Defining a university library’s core collection through citation analysis. Portal-Libraries and the Academy, 2 (1), 155-166.Full Text: 2002\Por-Lib Aca2, 155.pdfAbstract: This paper identifies core journals in the life sciences for Cornell University researchers by analyzing the frequency of Cornell-authored citations in Biosis Previews between 1996 and 2001. The distribution frequency of journals confirms Bradford’s Law of Scatter or the 80/20 Rule. The top 240 journals, providing 80 percent of the citations, were analyzed by publisher type and institutional subscription price. In general, journals from society and associations received the highest number of citations and were priced considerably lower than commercial journals. The methodology described is a fast, low-cost, and scalable procedure that can be adapted to various subject databases, and may be used to provide guidance on which titles to purchase for electronic access.Keywords: Lists, Cost, Law? Davis, P.M. (2003), Effect of the Web on undergraduate citation behavior: Guiding student scholarship in a networked age. Portal-Libraries and the Academy, 3 (1), 41-51.Full Text: 2003\Por-Lib Aca3, 41.pdfAbstract: This article provides the last update to a longitudinal study tracking the research behavior of a multi-college undergraduate course in microeconomics from 1996 to 2001. Student term paper bibliographies grew between 1996 and 2000 but included fewer scholarly resources. In 2001, students tended to cite scholarly sources when the professor provided clear and enforceable guidelines in his class assignment. The accuracy and persistency of cited Web documents also increased as a result.? Robinson, A.M. and Schlegl, K. (2004), Student bibliographies improve when professors provide enforceable guidelines for citations. Portal-Libraries and the Academy, 4 (2), 275-290.Full Text: 2004\Por-Lib Aca4, 275.pdfAbstract: This paper uses bibliometric analysis to test the efficacy of in-class library instruction in relation to the quality of student term paper bibliographies and grades. It finds that: instruction alone has limited effect; instruction combined with academic penalties tied to the use of a minimum of scholarly sources has positive and significant effects; electronic citations are less scholarly, but not necessarily less valid than print citations; and papers with longer bibliographies tend to receive higher grades irrespective of the kinds of citations. The paper concludes that since academic penalties are important to the success of in-class librarian instruction, librarians should work closely with professors to design class assignments; the provision of minimal guidelines is preferable to banning Internet citations.? Cameron, B.D. (2005), Trends in the usage of ISI bibliometric data: Uses, abuses, and implications. Portal-Libraries and the Academy, 5 (1), 105-125.Full Text: 2005\Por-Lib Aca5, 105.pdfAbstract: Librarians rely on the Institute for Scientific Information’s journal impact factor as a tool for selecting periodicals, primarily in scientific disciplines. A current trend is to use this data as a means for evaluating the performance of departments, institutions, and even researchers in academic institutions-a process that is now being tied to tenure and promotion-despite the fact that such usage can be misleading and prejudicial. This paper will highlight the history of the development of impact factors, describe the limitations in their use, and provide a critique of the usage of impact factors in academic settings.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Data, Citation, Development, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, ISI, Journal, Journal Impact, Journals, Periodicals, Science, Sense, Tenure? Kushkowski, J.D. (2005), Web citation by graduate students: A comparison of print and electronic theses. Portal-Libraries and the Academy, 5 (2), 259-276.Full Text: 2005\Por-Lib Aca5, 259.pdfAbstract: This article reports on the Web citation behavior of print and electronic thesis authors at Iowa State and Virginia Tech from 1997 to 2003. Citations from print theses were compared with those submitted as an electronic thesis or dissertation (ETD). This study suggests that students who are required to publish their theses digitally exhibit citation behavior that is no different from students who produce their theses in print. Web citations accounted for 2.2 percent of citations in print theses and 5.4 percent of citations in ETDs. Persistence of Web citations was uniformly poor. The implications for library services and future research directions are discussed.Keywords: Ehavior, Dissertations, Impact, Journals, Library, Persistence, Resources, Scholarly Communication, World? Barratt, C.C., Nielsen, K., Desmet, C. and Balthazor, R. (2009), Collaboration is key: Librarians and composition instructors analyze student research and writing. Portal-Libraries and the Academy, 9 (1), 37-56.Full Text: 2009\Por-Lib Aca9, 37.pdfAbstract: This study describes a collaborative research project between two composition instructors and two librarians that analyzed citation patterns among students in the First-year Composition Program at the University of Georgia. Built upon earlier bibliometric studies, this study seeks not only to examine a large data set of citations-larger than was possible in the previous studies-but also to examine citations within the context of individual writers, teachers, assignments, and library instruction, a move that allows the researchers to scrutinize and compare their own evaluations of and assumptions about student research. The authors conclude that neither library nor composition instruction alone yields the strongest student writing but that close collaboration between the two in both creating the assignment and delivering instruction is essential to supporting good student writing and research.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Citation, Citation Patterns, Citations, Collaboration, Collaborative Research, Research, University? Walters, W.H. (2011), Comparative recall and precision of simple and expert searches in Google scholar and eight other databases. Portal-Libraries and the Academy, 11 (4), 971-1006.Full Text: 2011\Por-Lib Aca11, 971.pdfAbstract: This study evaluates the effectiveness of simple and expert searches in Google Scholar (GS), Econ Lit, GEOBASE, PATS, POPLINE, PubMed, Social Sciences Citation Index, Social Sciences Full Text, and Sociological Abstracts. It assesses the recall and precision of 32 searches in the field of later-life migration: nine simple keyword searches and 23 expert searches constructed by demography librarians at three top universities. For simple searches, Google Scholar’s recall and precision are well above average. For expert searches, the relative effectiveness of GS depends on the number of results users are willing to examine. Although Google Scholar’s expert-search performance is just average within the first fifty search results, GS is one of the few databases that retrieves relevant results with reasonably high precision after the fiftieth hit. The results also show that simple searches in GS, GEOBASE, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts have consistently higher recall and precision than expert searches. This can be attributed not to differences in expert-search effectiveness, but to the unusually strong performance of simple searches in those four databases.Keywords: Articles, Citation, Coverage, Databases, Differences, Effectiveness, Google Scholar, Journals, Later-Life Migration, Multidisciplinary Field, Precision, Pubmed, Science, Sciences, Social Sciences, Social Sciences Citation Index, WebTitle: 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & TechnologyFull Journal Title: 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & TechnologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0925-5214Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Yarime, M., Takeda, Y. and Kajikawa, Y. (2008), Patterns of collaboration in emerging fields of trans-disciplinary science: The case of sustainability science. 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, 1-5, 174-180.Abstract: This paper examines the patterns of collaboration over national and disciplinary boundaries in emerging fields of trans-disciplinary science, taking the case of sustainability science as an example. Bibliometric data is used for empirical analysis. The patterns of collaboration on sustainability science show that research collaboration tends to be conducted between countries which are geographically located closely. That suggests that communication and information exchange could be limited within regional clusters. As the focused fields of research in sustainability science are different in each country, the formation of regional clusters could be a serious obstacle to collecting, exchanging, and integrating diverse types of knowledge, which is of critical importance in establishing the trans-disciplinary field of sustainability science. To address the challenge of knowledge integration, new types of organizational and institutional arrangements are emerging for research collaboration. Implications for organizational and institutional arrangements are discussed. The extent of knowledge integration between different disciplines in sustainability science is investigated.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Boundaries, Challenge, Collaboration, Communication, Country, Data, Disciplines, Emerging, Empirical, Empirical Analysis, Exchange, Field, Information, Institutional, Institutional Arrangements, Integration, Knowledge, National, Networks, Organizational, Regional, Research, Research Collaboration, Science, Sustainability, Transdisciplinary? Rueda, G. and Kocaoglu, D.F. (2008), Diffusion of emerging technologies: an innovative mixing approach. 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, 1-5, 672-697.Abstract: Investments in Emerging Technologies (ETs) are extremely risky because of the high degree of market uncertainty (unknown) and technology performance (underperforming). ETs are described as new technologies based on entirely new methods and processes that have been demonstrated in a research environment but have not been developed yet to the point of being ready for mass production. This paper defines a methodology to estimate the diffusion of emerging technologies. The methodology is divided in two main parts. First, a modified Delphi process called snow ball is used to define the group of experts who will be defining the set of critical factors affecting the diffusion of the new technology. The initial list of experts is defined using bibliometrics analysis, and then an interactive process is used to increase the number of experts until the desired number to increase reliability. Second, a target segment of customers is involved in the process. This group will be using pairwise comparison analysis (PWC) to define the relative importance among the critical factors and choose the attractiveness level for each factor. The process combined methods such as Delphi, bibliometrics analysis, and utility to define a global composite indicator that will be used as a proxy indicator of the diffusion for the new technology.Keywords: Analysis, Attractiveness, Bibliometrics, Bibliometrics Analysis, Comparison, Composite, Customers, Developed, Diffusion, Emerging, Emerging Technologies, Environment, Experts, Factors, Group, Indicator, Market, Mass, Methodology, Methods, Modified, Performance, Process, Production, Proxy, Reliability, Research, Technologies, Technology, Uncertainty, Utility? Wang, J.W., Huang, L.C., Li, J. and Li, J. (2008), Empirical research on the technology opportunities analysis based on morphology analysis and conjoint analysis. 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, 1-5, 2041-2047.Abstract: This paper presents an empirical study on the technology opportunities potential analysis with a case example of LED by combining bibliometrics analysis, morphology analysis and conjoint analysis methods. At first, bibliometrics analysis and technology morphology matrix are used to establish all kind of technology configurations in possibility; then, the technology unoccupied configurations are identified by the documents keywords vectors; at last the priority of each technology configuration can be calculated by the conjoint analysis based on the citation of technology documents. The results reveal that this proposed method not only can solve the limitations of using single method, but also can prioritize the unoccupied territory of technology configurations, in order to identify and evaluate the technology opportunities more scientifically.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometrics, Bibliometrics Analysis, Citation, Empirical, Empirical Study, First, Information, Matrix, Methods, Morphology, Potential, Technology? Gerdsri, N., Kongthon, A. and Vatananan, R.S. (2008), Mapping the knowledge evolution and network of technology roadmapping (TRM) using bibliometric analysis. 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, 1-5, 2115-2133.Abstract: As the concept of technology roadmapping (TRM) continues to gain more acceptances from practitioners, many researchers are undertaking to improve the visualization of a roadmap as well as to operationalize the process so that a roadmap can be effectively kept alive. This presentation presents the evolution and the current profile of the Body of Knowledge in the Technology Roadmapping (TRM) field. Text-mining technique was applied to analyze journal and conference publications related to TRM subjects which are listed in the electronic databases of Web of Science and IEEE Explore.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Databases, Evolution, Field, Journal, Listed, Practitioners, Presentation, Process, Publications, Science, Technique, Technology, Text-Mining, Visualization, Web of Science? Kajikawa, Y., Takeda, Y. and Matsushima, K. (2008), Computer-assisted roadmapping: A case study in energy research. 2008 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, 1-5, 2159-2164.Abstract: Science and technology (S&T) roadmaps are an attractive tool in R&D management, and have been widely used during the past decade. S&T roadmaps are typically constructed by gathering and stimulating expert’s opinion. In these days, the planner of S&T research has to grasp the broader coverage of scientific and technological research, and make decisions on effective investment in promising and emerging technologies especially under circumstances of limited resources. In such a situation, roadmapping is time-consuming and subjective, and therefore computer-based approach is expected to supplement expert-based approach. In this paper, we proposed and demonstrated that the computer-based approach using citation network analysis can be used to depict technology trend, and build the first draft of S&T roadmaps. We perform a case study in energy research. We track emerging research domains in it by citation network analysis. Our analysis confirms that the fuel cell and solar cell are rapidly growing domains in energy research. We further investigate the detailed research structures by clustering. Each citation cluster has characteristic research topics, and there is a variety of growth trends among the clusters. By using citation network analysis, we can track emerging research domains among a pile of publications efficiently and effectively.Keywords: Analysis, Approach, Bibliometrics, Case Study, Citation, Citation Network, Cluster, Clustering, Constructed, Coverage, Database Tomography, Decisions, Emerging, Emerging Technologies, Energy, First, Forecasting Emerging Technologies, Fuel Cell, Growth, Hydrogen Futures, Investment, Management, Network, Network Analysis, Performance, Publications, R&D, R&D Management, Research, Resources, Roadmaps, Science, Solar, Solar Cell, Subjective, Technologies, Technology, Tool, Trend, TrendsTitle: Postgraduate Medical JournalFull Journal Title: Postgraduate Medical JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Valentini, E., Ferrara, M., Presaghi, F., De Gennaro, L. and Curcio, G. (2011), Republished review: Systematic review and meta-analysis of psychomotor effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 87 (1031), 643-651.Full Text: 2011\Pos Med J87, 643.pdfAbstract: Objectives Over the past 10 years there has been increasing concern about the possible behavioural effects of mobile phone use. This systematic review and meta-analysis focuses on studies published since 1999 on the human cognitive and performance effects of mobile phone-related electromagnetic fields (EMF). Methods PubMed, Biomed, Medline, Biological Sciences, PsychInfo, PsycARTICLES, Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management, Neurosciences Abstracts and Web of Science professional databases were searched and 24 studies selected for meta-analysis. Each study had to have at least one psychomotor measurement result as a main outcome. Data were analysed using standardised mean difference (SMD) as the effect size measure. Results Only three tasks (2-back, 3-back and simple reaction time (SRT)) displayed significant heterogeneity, but after studies with extreme SMD were excluded using sensitivity analysis, the statistical significance disappeared (chi(2)(7)-1.63, p=0.20; chi(2)(6)-1.00, p=0.32; chi(2)(10)=14.04, p=0.17, respectively). Following sensitivity analysis, the effect of sponsorship and publication bias were assessed. Meta-regression indicated a significant effect (b1/40.12, p<0.05) only for the 2-back task with mixed funding (industry and public/charity). Funnel plot inspection revealed a significant publication bias only for two cognitive tasks: SRT (Begg’s rank correlation r=0.443; Egger’s test b=-0.652) and the subtraction task (Egger’s test b=-0.687). Conclusions Mobile phone-like EMF do not seem to induce cognitive and psychomotor effects. Nonetheless, the existence of sponsorship and publication biases should encourage WHO intervention to develop official research standards and guidelines. In addition, future research should address critical and neglected issues such as investigation of repeated, intensive and chronic exposures, especially in highly sensitive populations such as children.Keywords: Analysis, Bias, Cellular Telephones, Cerebral-Blood-Flow, Children, Databases, Event-Related Potentials, Exposure, Funding, Guidelines, Human, Human Attention, Human Cognitive Function, Humans, Industry, Intervention, Management, Measurement, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Neurosciences, Outcome, Performance, Professional, Psychomotor, Publication, Publication Bias, Pubmed, Reaction-Time, Research, Review, Science, Sensitivity, Standards, Statistical, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science, WHO, Working-MemoryTitle: Postgraduate MedicineFull Journal Title: Postgraduate MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Fishbein, M. (1967), Medical news writing. Postgraduate Medicine, 42 (6), 519-??.? Fishbein, M. (1970), Doctors who wrote. Postgraduate Medicine, 47 (4), 235-??.? Cortese, S. and Penalver, C.M. (2010), Comorbidity between ADHD and obesity: Exploring shared mechanisms and clinical implications. Postgraduate Medicine, 122 (5), 88-96.Abstract: Recent studies suggest an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. In this article, we systematically review and critically discuss evidence on the prevalence of ADHD in obese patients as well as the weight status of individuals with ADHD. Relevant articles were searched in PUBMED, PsychInfo, and ISI Web of Science (January 1980 to June 2010). We found that current evidence indicates a high prevalence of ADHD in clinical samples of patients seeking treatment for their obesity. Moreover, available studies show that individuals with ADHD have higher-than-average body mass index z scores and/or a significantly higher prevalence of obesity compared with subjects without ADHD. Three mechanisms underlying the association between ADHD and obesity have been proposed: 1) it is possible that obesity and/or factors associated with it (such as sleep-disordered breathing) manifest as ADHD-like symptoms; 2) ADHD and obesity share common biological dysfunctions; and 3) ADHD contributes to obesity. With regards to the possible clinical implications, our findings suggest that it is noteworthy to screen for ADHD in patients with obesity and to look for abnormal eating behaviors as possible contributing factors of obesity in patients with ADHD. Based on preliminary findings, appropriate treatment of ADHD may improve the weight status of individuals with both obesity and ADHD.Keywords: ADHD, Adolescents, Association, Attention-Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder, Body Mass Index, Bulimia-Nervosa, Children, Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Disorder, Dopamine-D4 Receptor Gene, Eating Disorders, Eating-Disorders, Growth Deficits, ISI, Obesity, Overweight, Personality-Traits, Prevalence, Pubmed, Review, Science, Symptoms, Treatment, Web of Science, Weight StatusTitle: Postharvest Biology and TechnologyFull Journal Title: Postharvest Biology and TechnologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0925-5214Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorLalel, H.J.D., Singh, Z. and Tan, S.C. (2003), Glycosidically-bound aroma volatile compounds in the skin and pulp of ‘Kensington Pride’ mango fruit at different stages of maturity. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 29 (2), 205-218.Full Text: P\Pos Bio Tec29, 205.pdfAbstract: ‘Kensington Pride’ mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) were harvested at the mature green, half ripe and ripe stages to investigate glycosidically-bound aroma volatiles in their skin and pulp. The aglycones extract was obtained by Amberlite XAD-2 adsorption and methanol elution followed by hydrolysis with P-glucosidase and hemicellulase. Analysis of aglycones was achieved by using gas chromatography coupled with a mass selective detector. The composition and concentrations of glycosidically-bound aroma compounds of the ‘Kensington Pride’ mango were strongly influenced by fruit part and maturity stages. Ninety-two aglycones were detected in the pulp and 85 aglycones were present in the skin. Glycosidically-bound aroma volatile compounds produced via aromatic amino acid metabolites were the most abundant class of compounds found in the skin, whilst in the pulp, terpenes were found to be the most abundant compounds, accounting for 41.18 and 38.04% of the total number of compounds in skin and pulp, respectively. Glycosidically-bound aroma volatile compounds produced via carbohydrate metabolism and terpenes were higher in the skin than in the pulp of mangoes at all maturity stages. Some other compounds, including glycosidically-bound aroma volatile compounds produced via lipid, aromatic amino acid and carotenoid metabolism were higher in the skin than in the pulp only at the mature green and half ripe stage, whilst glycosidically-bound acids were higher in the skin than in the pulp at the half ripe and ripe stage. Most of the glycosidically-bound aroma compounds increased in the pulp as maturity progressed. Amongst all glycosidically-bound aroma compounds only terpenes may contribute to the aroma of fresh ripe ‘Kensington Pride’ mangoes. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Mangifera Indica, Flavour, Glycosidically-Bound Volatile Compounds, Maturity Stages, Flavor Components, African Mango, Amazonian Fruits, Grape Juice, Hydrolysis, Precursors, Cultivars, LeavesTitle: PICMET’01. Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. Proceedings Vol. 1: Book of Summaries (IEEE Cat. No. 01CH37199)Full Journal Title: PICMET’01. Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. Proceedings Vol. 1: Book of Summaries (IEEE Cat. No. 01CH37199)ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Qingrui, X., Gang, Z., Jingjiang, L. and Jin, C. (2001), Evaluating R&D effectiveness: A study on Chinese practice and trend. PICMET’01. Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. Proceedings Vol. 1: Book of Summaries (IEEE Cat. No. 01CH37199), 390.Abstract: Summary form only given. The evaluation of the performance of R&D in China began in the 1950s, and a number of relative theories, methods and tools have been developed in the past decades. Especially, the rising costs of R&D and the increasing dependence of companies on technology for competitive advantage are causing both external investors and managers to identify the outcomes of R&D activities. As a result, the evaluation and measurement on the R&D performance by which to check the productivity, impacts and efficiency of R&D activities has became more and more important since the 1990s. The R&D activities in China involve scientific explorations, programs and projects in firms, universities and public or private research organizations. The universities and research organizations of China play a more important role than firms in R&D, especially in the field of both basic science research and applied research. It is very important to evaluate the R&D performance of universities and research organizations in China. Many popular methods and tools, such as peer review, econometrics, scientometrics, AHP, integrated indicators, are widely used in the evaluation practice, notwithstanding their own problems or limitations. It is noticeable that the internal performance of organizations’ R&D activities, such as papers published, designs produced, patents, as well as R&D/sales are paid more addition to, and more relative evaluation methods are developed and adopted, while the external impacts of R&D are comparatively ignored. Generally speaking, the current evaluation work has had less of an impact and role that they deserve. This article gives a systemic summary and analysis on the current evaluation theories and methods for R&D performance, and in the meanwhile, their limitations and drawbacks are also pointed out. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and importance of the R&D activities in the coming knowledge-based economy, some promising theories and approaches with high operability and practicability are introduced by which to evaluate the R&D performance effectively.Keywords: AHP, Analysis, Characteristics, China, Chinese, Costs, Econometrics, Economy, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Evaluation, Evaluation Methods, Field, Impact, Impacts, Indicators, Knowledge-Based, Measurement, Methods, Outcomes, Papers, Patents, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Performance, Practice, Productivity, Public, Research, Review, Role, Science, Science Research, Scientometrics, Technology, Trend, Universities, Work? Lai, K.K., Lin, M.L., Chang, S.B. and Hsu, C.F. (2007), The study of taxonomy and evolutional trends of relevant literatures on patent analysis. PICMET’07: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Vols 1-6, Proceedings, 22-30.Abstract: Analysis of patent data is important tool for industrial research. Patent analysis has been used in many research fields and applied for rich topics in technology management. This study was explored the classification and research development of patent analysis literatures for 24 years (1980-2003) and applied by evolutional perspectives, and bibliometrics techniques. The research scope is focused on business and management level. There were some significant literatures retrieved from online electronic database and a citation database was built by their references. After that, the study was analyzed by multivariate methods to classify research taxonomy and literatures relative positions. The study was expected to understanding of current situation of patent analysis research. Additionally, the main purposes of this study were to synthesize core knowledge and research trends in research fields, to point out the major contributors and influential journals, to understand their positions, and to explore evolution life cycle. The research results are classified into five research fields, namely the sources of technology knowledge, patent applications and patent value, patent research and technology position, the indicators of technological and innovative activities, and interdisciplinary applications.Keywords: Analysis, Basic Research Literature, Bibliometrics, Business, Citation, Citations, Classification, Cocitation Analysis, Data, Database, Development, Evolution, Indicators, Interdisciplinary, Journals, Knowledge, Knowledge Transfer, Life, Life Cycle, Management, Methods, Multivariate, Patent, Patent Analysis, Performance, References, Research, Research Results, Science-and-Technology, Scientific Literature, Scope, Sources, Statistics, Taxonomy, Techniques, Technology, Technology Management, Tool, Trends, Understanding, United-States, Value? Dash, P., Monalisa, M., Brown, N. and Daim, T.U. (2007), Exploring the relationship between research funding and science innovation indicators in emerging technologies. PICMET’07. Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Vols 1-6, Proceedings, 1623-1636.Keywords: Emerging Technologies, Funding, Indicators, Innovation, Research, Research Funding, Science, Technologies? Islam, N. and Miyazaki, K. (2007), Nanotechnology systems of innovation: Investigation of scientific disciplines’ fusion trend into nanotech. PICMET’07: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Vols 1-6, Proceedings, 2922-2931.Abstract: Nanotechnology, manipulating atoms and molecules at the nanometer level, is an emerging technology, introducing new dimensions to science and technology by the convergence of traditional disciplines. In the early stage of nanotechnology development and diffusion, many expected benefits have not yet been fully accomplished. However, researchers of many countries in the scientific disciplines aggressively got involved in the relevant research as a parallel way to boost nanotech competitiveness through academic research, and corporations direct their R&D activities towards the exploration of nanotech opportunities. Through a combination of quantitative (bibliometric exploration) and qualitative method (primary data analysis), the paper attempts to establish the trend of science disciplines’ knowledge fusion into nanotechnology field. In terms of fusing disciplines together, a number of approaches were considered: i) looking for nanoscientific output of journals of general disciplines categorized by ISI (find to what extent were nanotech papers coming from scientific disciplines over time and how it has changed over time?); ii) to look for a set of nanoscience papers in each disciplinary journals at present, 5 and 10 years ago and their reference citations (classify the citing references into disciplines using ISI journal based classification scheme and what proportions were coming out or linking with each disciplines. This study also identified the concerned factors driving multi-disciplines’ fusion into nanotech, that would be a good evidence of fusing previously separate disciplinary activities into nanotech. The research offers useful insights for science & technology policy makers as well as for researchers of traditional science fields in the global community, revealing fusion trend of the emerging nanotechnological systems, existing domain-level competencies and differences between disciplines.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Citations, Classification, Community, Competencies, Data, Data Analysis, Development, Diffusion, Driving, Evidence, Field, Fusion, General, Innovation, ISI, Journal, Journals, Knowledge, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Papers, Policy, Primary, Qualitative, Qualitative Method, Research, Science, Science and Technology, Systems, Technology, TrendTitle: Powder TechnologyFull Journal Title: Powder TechnologyISO Abbrev. Title: Powder Technol.JCR Abbrev. Title: Powder TechnolISSN: 0032-5910Issues/Year: 18Language: Multi-LanguageJournal Country/Territory: SwitzerlandPublisher: Elsevier Science SAPublisher Address: PO BOX 564, 1001 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSubject Categories:Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 1.766, 26/116 (2008); Impact Factor 1.745, 38/128 (2009)Notes: highly cited? Geldart, D. (1973), Types of gas fluidization. Powder Technology, 7 (5), 285-292.Full Text: 1960-80\Pow Tec7, 285.pdfAbstract: The behaviour of solids fluidized by gases falls into four clearly recognizable groups, characterized by density difference (s–f) and mean particle size. The most easily recognizable features of the groups are: powders in group A exhibit dense phase expansion after minimum fluidization and prior to the commenment of bubbling; those in group B bubble at the minimum fluidization velocity; those in group C are difficult to fluidize at all and those in group D can form stable spouted beds. A numerical criterion which distinguishes between groups A and B has been devised and agrees well with published data. Generalizations concerning powders within a group can be made with reasonable confidence but conclusions drawn from observations made on a powder in one group should not in general be used to predict the behaviour of a powder in another group.Keywords: Powder, Science? Stanleywood, N.G., Sadeghnejad, G.R. and York, P. (1986), Adsorption potential characterization of modified celluloses. Powder Technology, 46 (2-3), 195-199.Full Text: 1986\Pow Tec46, 195.pdfAbstract: The surface energies of the interphases between the adsorbate nitrogen and the adsorbents microfine and microcrystalline celluloses were determined from adsorption isotherms at 77 K using the Polanyi phenomenological adsorption potential e0, the Dubinin—Radushkevich characteristic free energy E0 and the adsorption coefficient of the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller equation. The surface area of three grades of microcrystalline and four grades of microfine cellulose were also measured. The various grades of microfine and microcrystalline cellulose, although produced with different physical dimensions, showed similar B.E.T. surface areas (SBET). It was found that the Polanyi potential can be used to discriminate between celluloses formed by different methods, whereas the free energy calculated from the Dubinin—Radushkevich equation provides information about the mechanism of pore filling and hence about the surface topology.? Shao, Z.P., Li, G.T., Xiong, G.X. and Yang, W.S. (2002), Modified cellulose adsorption method for the synthesis of conducting perovskite powders for membrane application. Powder Technology, 122 (1), 26-33.Full Text: 2002\Pow Tec122, 26.pdfAbstract: A modified cellulose adsorption method, i.e., pyrolysis of cellulose-(organic acid)-salt solid composite was applied for the synthesis of conducting perovskite-type La1-xSrxBO3-delta (B = Co, Fe, Mn; x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2) functional oxides. Citric acid is mainly selected as the organic acid. Infrared (IR), scanning electron microscopy-electron diffusion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the citric acid modified cellulose adsorption method could preserve the homogeneity of the solution system to the solid precursor more efficiently than the unmodified one, due to the change of interaction between metal salts and organic substance from weak chemical adsorption to chemical chelation and fixation. Thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and IR results demonstrated that the citric acid’s addition also changed the pyrolysis behavior of the precursor, Perovskite oxides could be obtained at low temperatures (less than or equal to 600 degreesC) without development of other phases; the as-prepared powders had the morphology of cellulose fiber and relatively high Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface areas (8-30 m2/g). The resulted oxide powders also demonstrated excellent sinterability, it is suitable for fabrication of dense membranes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Behavior, Cellulose, Ceramic Membrane, Chemical, Chemical Adsorption, Citric Acid, Composite, Decomposition, Development, Diffusion, Gradients, Interaction, IR, La0.3Sr0.7COO3-Delta, La1-XSrxFeO3-Delta Membranes, Membrane, Membranes, Modified, Morphology, Nitrogen Monoxide, Organic, Organic Acid, Oxides, Oxygen Permeation, Perovskite, Pyrolysis, Separation, Sinter, Spectroscopy, Surface, Surface Area, Synthesis, Thermal Analysis, Transport, X-Ray Diffraction, XRDTitle: Power EngineeringFull Journal Title: Power EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: Power Eng.JCR Abbreviated Title: Power EngISSN: 0032-5961Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Pennwell Publ Co Energy GroupPublisher Address: 1421 S Sheridan Rd PO Box 1260, Tulsa, OK 74101Subject Categories: Energy & Fuels Engineering: Impact Factor? Ann, C. (1998), Fly ash carbon cutting technology debuts. Power Engineering, 102 (8), 18.Title: A Practical Guide to Geostatistical Mapping of Environmental VariablesJRC 38153EUR 22904 ENISBN 978-92-79-06904-8ISSN 1018-5593? Hengl, T. (2007), A Practical Guide to Geostatistical Mapping of Environmental Variables. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability.Full Text: 2007\Hengl2007.pdfTitle: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste ManagementFull Journal Title: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste ManagementISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, ? Moazed, H. and Viraraghavan, T. (2005), Removal of oil from water by bentonite organoclay. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management, 9 (2), 130-134.Full Text: 2005\Pra Per Haz Tox Rad Was Man9, 130.pdfAbstract: Powdered bentonite organoclay was used to remove oil from water in this study. The oil-in-water emulsions used were standard mineral oil (SMO), Kutwell45 (KUT45), and Valcool (VAL) (two cutting oils), refinery effluent (RE), and produced water (PW) from production wells at Estevan, Saskatchewan. The concentrations of oil in oily waters varied from 26 to 381 mg/L. Batch studies showed that the equilibrium time for the sorption of oil by organoclay was less than 1 h for all emulsions. Results clearly indicated that Lagergren’s pseudo first-order and Ho’s pseudo second-order equations modeled well the kinetics of sorption of oil by the organoclay. Batch adsorption experiments showed that in general the most appropriate isotherm for SMO, KUT45, and PW sorption by organoclay was the Freundlich model. The Langmuir and BET isotherms fitted well the sorption data for VAL and RE, respectively. The results showed that organoclay was an excellent medium for treating oily waters.Title: Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und KinderpsychiatrieFull Journal Title: Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und KinderpsychiatrieISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, ? Lepach, A.C., Lehmkuhl, G. and Petermann, F. (2010), Neuropsychological issues in child psychology and child psychiatry. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 59 (7), 576-587.Full Text: 2010\Pra Kin Kin59, 576.pdfAbstract: Neuropsychological aspects are of relevance to a variety of psychological concerns, especially in assessments. But is this trend represented in journals which do not explicitly refer to neuropsychologists? To investigate this question, publications in 2008 and 2009 editions of representative German journals on child psychology and psychiatry were bibliometrically analyzed. Main topics of neuropsychological publications were attention disorders and diagnostic issues. Neuropsychological findings support the development of assessment instruments and interventions and help improve the basic understanding of disorders and treatment limitations. For example, reduced attention or memory resources are possible hindrances for individual progress in cognitive behavioral intervention. An intensified dialogue of the disciplines is essential for developing advanced guidelines for diagnostics and therapy.Keywords: Adolescent-Psychiatry, Assessment And Therapy, Attention-Deficit Disorders, Bibliometric Analysis, Clinical Child, Clinical Psychology, Concerns, Genetic Findings, German WISC-IV, Hyperkinetic Disorders, Journals, Learning-Disabilities, Long-Acting Medications, Neuropsychology, Psychiatry, Publication Practice, Publications, Treatment, Trend, Working-Memory? de Vries, U., Lehmkuhl, G. and Petermann, F. (2011), Risk and opportunities for children in problem families. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 60 (7), 576-588.Full Text: 2011\Pra Kin Kin60, 576.pdfAbstract: Risk and Opportunities for Children in Problem Families Against the background of high prevalence of behavioral problems and mental disorders in childhood and adolescence and its persistence into adulthood, the research about risk and protective factors within the family context is highly relevant. We surveyed publications of leading journals. A bibliometric analysis of major German psychological and psychiatric journals over the years 2009/10 is presented. The focus is on psycho-social causes and developmental models as well as assessment and intervention with families of adversity.Keywords: Adolescent-Psychiatry, Aggressive-Children, Analysis, Assessment, Behavior, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Children, Families, Family, High-Risk Children, Ill Parents, Infant Interaction, Intervention, Journals, Mental Disorders, Mental-Health, Mentally Ill Parents, Parent-Child Interaction, Parental Psychopathology, Parental Stress, Persistence, Prevalence, Prevention, Psychological, Psychosocial, Publication Practice, Publications, Quality-of-Life, Research, RiskTitle: Prensa Medica ArgentinaFull Journal Title: Prensa Medica ArgentinaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0032-745XIssues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, ? Iudicissa, M.C.S. (1990), Bioinformatics: Bibliographic and documentary sources. Prensa Medica Argentina, 77 (7), 37-42.Title: PresliaFull Journal Title: PresliaISO Abbreviated Title: PresliaJCR Abbreviated Title: PresliaISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, ? Pysek, P., Richardson, D.M. and Jarosik, V. (2006), Who cites who in the invasion zoo: Insights from an analysis of the most highly cited papers in invasion ecology. Preslia, 78 (4), 437-468.Abstract: The citation frequency of papers on invasion ecology published between 1981 and 2003 and that had accumulated at least 30 citations on the Web of Science on 9 August 2006 was analysed. The dataset comprised 329 papers and 27,240 citations. For each paper, the total number of citations was recorded and the annual citation rate (number of citations per year) was calculated. Papers were classified into broad research fields: plant invasions, animal invasions, biological control, and general papers (reviews and syntheses). Eight papers were cited more than 300 times, five of them dealt with general topics, and the mean value of the total number of citations across the whole data set is 82.8 +/- 73.1. The mean annual citation rate is 11.5 +/- 11.3 citations per year; six studies received on average at least 50 citations each year. About a half (50.8%) of papers in the data set deal with plant invasions. General papers are significantly more cited than papers from the other categories. The annual citation rate increased with time over the analysed period (1981-2003), by 1.0 citations per year. To compare the trends in invasion ecology with those in other fields of ecology, comparable data were compiled for population ecology and dynamics, and global change. The annual citation rate for invasion ecology as a whole increased faster than that for population ecology and dynamics, but not exponentially as is the case with studies on global change. The best-cited papers on invasion ecology were distributed among most of the top ecology journals. Those published in Oikos, Journal of Ecology, Ecological Applications and BioScience are cited 3.8-5.8 times more than the average for these journals (based on the impact factor). Papers on biodiversity, community ecology, impact, invasibility, dispersal, population ecology, competition, resources, genetical issues, biological control and species invasiveness received the highest total number of citations. However, measured by the annual citation rate, the hottest current topics in invasion ecology are the effect of global change on invasions, the role of natural enemies, character of the invasion process, evolutionary aspects, invasibility of communities and ecosystem processes. Some topics are disproportionally more cited than studied and vice versa. Studies on plant and animal invasions differ in focus: the topics of invasibility, biodiversity, resources, species invasiveness and population genetics are more emphasized in botanical studies, dispersal, competition, impact and pathways in papers dealing with animal invasions. Studies of grasslands and marine environment are most frequently cited in botanical and zoological studies, respectively. Most of the highly cited papers deal with multiple species; only 14 plant species and four animal species are the primary focus of one or more of the highly-cited papers. Twenty-two authors (4.5% of the total involved in the papers analysed), each with seven or more contributions cited at least 30 times, together contributed 49.4% of the most-cited papers, and attracted 55.6% of the total number of citations.Keywords: Alien Plants, Analysis, Animal Invasions, Authors, Biodiversity, Biological Control, Biological Invasions, Biological Invasions, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Community Invasibility, Consequences, Control, Ecology, Environment, Frequency, Genetics, Global Change, Global Change, Highly-Cited, Impact, Impact Factor, Invasion Ecology, Invasive Species, Invasiveness, Journal, Journals, Lotka’s Law, Natural Enemies, North-America, Papers, Plant, Plant Invasions, Plant Invasions, Population Ecology, Population Genetics, Primary, Propagule Pressure, Research, Research Topics, Science, Temporal Trends, Topics, Trends, Web of ScienceTitle: Presse MedicaleFull Journal Title: Presse MedicaleISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0755-4982Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, ? Durieux, P. (2002), The impact factor of medical journals, a means of assessing the scientific content. Presse Medicale, 31 (17), 771-772.Full Text: Pre Med31, 771.pdfKeywords: Assessing, Impact, Impact Factor, Journals, Medical, Medical Journals? Ojasoo, T., Maisonneuve, H. and Matillon, Y. (2002), The impact factor of medical journals, a bibliometrical indicator to be handled with care. Presse Medicale, 31 (17), 775-781.Full Text: 2002\Pre Med31, 775.pdfAbstract: The impact factor of medical journals is a criterion for the assessment of their activity. Three bibliometrical indicators are published every year: the impact factor, the rapidity of citation index, which reflects the upward slope in increased citations and the duration of their actuality, reflecting the downward slope, after the peak, The journals used to calculate these indicators are selected according to their periodicity, conformity to international editorial conventions, presence of a reading committee, of their citation frequency and, for a new journal, the earlier publications of the redaction committee and the authors. There are several biases in the calculation of the impact factor. The choice of the citations is subjective and the non-pertinence of the citations is well known. Several variables may intervene, such as the type of journal and its size, domain concerned, language of the publication, self-citations, coding of the articles depending on their nature, and the choice of the manuscripts published (‘hot papers’). The impact factor is an indicator of citations and not of their quality, and can certainly not be used to assess an authors’ work.Keywords: Activity, Assessment, Citation Frequency, Citations, Disciplines, Impact, Impact Factor, Index, Indicator, Indicators, Institute, Journal, Language, Medical, Medical Journals, New Journal, Publication, Publications, Quality, Size, Wealth? Mancini, J., Darmoni, S., Chaudet, H. and Fieschi, M. (2009), The paradox of bibliometric activity-based funding (T2A) SIGAPS: A risk of deleterious effects on French hospital research? Presse Medicale, 38 (2), 174-176.Full Text: Pre Med38, 174.pdfKeywords: Bibliometric, Effects, French, Funding, Hospital, Impact Factor, Research, Risk, Science? Darmoni, S.J., Ladner, J., Devos, P. and Gehanno, J.F. (2009), Reliability of a bibliometric tool used in France for hospital founding. Presse Medicale, 38 (7-8), 1056-1061.Full Text: Pre Med38, 1056.pdfAbstract: SIGAPS is a bibliometric score that aims at making an inventory, evaluating and promoting scientific publications of hospitals that perform research. It has become a major stake in France since it is one of the most important components of the MERRI (Mission Training, Research, Reference and Innovation) founding of hospitals. This score is based on the points attributed to the authors of articles published in journals indexed in Medline, according to the rank of the authors and the impact Factor of the journal. Objectives > to compare the reliability of the score when applying different way of computing it, and different weights for the rank or the Impact Factor. Material and methods > we computed the scores of all the physicians of G University Hospital, using the rule,; that ore actually applied at the national level. We then used 4 different scenarios, with different weight given to the rank of authors or the Impact Factor. We compared the scores obtained by each author according to the different scenarios with the Spearman’s rank and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results > The score is not significantly affected when no points ore given to the fourth authors and above, when the last author get more points or to change the points according to the Impact Factor of the journal. Conclusion > The different scenarios do not lead to significant changes for the physicians’ scores, and therefore for the cumulated score of the hospital. Despite the well known limits of bibliometric indicators, the SIGAPS score appears reliable to compare the hospitals for founding decisions.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, France, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, Journals, Medline, Publications, Research, UniversityTitle: Preventive MedicineFull Journal Title: Preventive MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: Prev. Med.JCR Abbreviated Title: Prev MedISSN: 0091-7435Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Academic Press IncPublisher Address: 525 B St, Ste 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495Subject Categories: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health: Impact Factor 1.631, 28/85Medicine, General & Internal: Impact Factor 1.631, ? Kraybill, H.F. (1980), Evaluation of public health aspects of carcinogenic/mutagenic biorefractories in drinking water. Preventive Medicine, 9 (2), 212-218.? Bewick, B.M., Trusler, K., Barkham, M., Hill, A.J., Cahill, J. and Mulhern, B. (2008), The effectiveness of web-based interventions designed to decrease alcohol consumption: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 47 (1), 17-26.Abstract: Objective. To review the published literature on the effectiveness of web-based interventions designed to decrease consumption of alcohol and/or prevent alcohol abuse. Method. Relevant articles published up to, and including, May 2006 were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ASSIA, Web of Science and Science Direct. Reference lists of all articles identified for inclusion were checked for articles of relevance. An article was included if its stated or implied purpose was to evaluate a web-based intervention designed to decrease consumption of alcohol and/or to prevent alcohol abuse. Studies were reliably selected and quality-assessed, and data were independently extracted and interpreted by two authors. Results. Initial searches identified 191 articles of which 10 were eligible for inclusion. of these, five provided a process evaluation only, with the remaining five providing some pre- to post-intervention measure of effectiveness. In general the percentage quality criteria met was relatively low and only one of the 10 articles selected was a randomized control trial. Conclusion. The current review provides inconsistent evidence on the effectiveness of electronic screening and brief intervention (eSBI) for alcohol use. Process research suggests that web-based interventions are generally well received. However further controlled trials are needed to fully investigate their efficacy, to determine which elements are keys to outcome and to understand if different elements are required in order to engage low-and high-risk drinkers. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Alcohol, Alcohol Consumption, Authors, Brief Interventions, Cochrane, College-Students, Communication, Control, Drinkers, Effectiveness, Efficacy, Evaluation, Feasibility, Hazardous Drinking, Internet, Intervention, Interventions, Literature, Outcome, Personalized Feedback, Personalized Normative Feedback, Problem Drinking, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Review, Science, Screening, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science, Web-BasedTitle: Preventive Veterinary MedicineFull Journal Title: Preventive Veterinary MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Phiri, B.J., Benschop, J. and French, N.P. (2010), Systematic review of causes and factors associated with morbidity and mortality on smallholder dairy farms in Eastern and Southern Africa. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 94 (1-2), 1-8.Abstract: This article presents the first systematic review of the causes and factors associated with morbidity and mortality, on smallholder dairy farms in Eastern and Southern Africa. It was conducted in August 2007. Primary studies on causes of morbidity and mortality on smallholder dairy farms in the region were identified, examined and descriptive information extracted. Electronic (CAB Abstracts, PUBMED, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) and non-electronic databases were used to identify and retrieve the primary studies. The retrieval process included all types of study designs with no restriction on the year of publication and language. Mastitis, tick-borne diseases (TBDs), tick infestation and diarrhoea were among the most commonly documented causes of morbidity. TBDs, diarrhoea and trypanosomiasis were among the most commonly documented causes of mortality; however, a substantial number of mortalities with undiagnosed causes were also reported. Factors ranked as most negatively associated with mastitis were residual calf suckling and increased water availability on the farm while use of common udder towel was the factor most positively associated with mastitis. Zero-grazing was ranked as the factor most negatively associated with TBDs while age was most positively associated. More intervention studies are recommended in the region to better identify animal health constraints and their associated risk factors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Africa, Borne Infections, Calf Morbidity, Coastal Kenya, Dairy, Databases, Es-Salaam Region, Factors, Information, Intervention, Intervention Studies, Kiambu District, Morbidity, Mortality, Muranga District, Primary, Publication, Pubmed, Reproductive-Performance, Review, Risk, Risk Factors, Risk-Factors, Science, Smallholder, Southern Africa, Subclinical Mastitis, Systematic, Systematic Review, Theileria-Parva, Web of Science? Snedeker, K.G., Totton, S.C. and Sargeant, J.M. (2010), Analysis of trends in the full publication of papers from conference abstracts involving pre-harvest or abattoir-level interventions against foodborne pathogens. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 95 (1-2), 1-9.Abstract: Study results are often presented as abstracts at scientific conferences before publication as full articles in peer-reviewed journals. Given the current emphasis on evidence-based decision-making, it is vital that the peer-reviewed literature represents as broad and unbiased a selection of studies as possible. While the proportion of abstracts published as full papers in the peer-reviewed literature has been extensively studied in human healthcare, no such studies have been published in the field of food safety. The goal of this study was to estimate the proportion published and average time to publication for conference abstracts involving studies of pre-harvest or abattoir interventions to reduce foodborne pathogens. Abstracts were obtained by hand-searching available proceedings between 1995 and 2004 from 10 conferences. Included abstracts were limited to those detailing non-observational, controlled in vivo trials where outcome(s) were measured in livestock, carcasses or eggs. Data on abstract type (<= 500 words, >500 words), species, intervention, study type, sample size, number housed together and outcomes were recorded. Four databases (Agricola, CAB, Web of Science, Scholar’s Portal) were searched for published papers corresponding to the conference abstracts using author and intervention/pathogen terms. Time to publication and overall median time to publication were estimated. Chi-squared, logistic regression and survival analyses were used to test for significant differences in proportion published and time to publication between variable levels. of the 149 abstracts identified, 68 (45.6%) were published in peer-reviewed journals within 4 years. The median time to publication was 13.5 months (range: 0,72). Abstracts shorter than 1 page were significantly more likely to be published (OR = 2.2,95% CI = 1.0, 4.8), and abstracts involving pork or pigs were significantly less likely to be published that those involving poultry (OR=0.4: 0.2, 0.8). Abstracts reporting at least one positive outcome were more likely to be published (OR=2.608: 1.097, 6.196) and were published faster (HR=2.3: 1.1, 4.7). Time to publication decreased with the number of positive outcomes reported (HR=1.1: 1.0, 1.3). Sample size could only be determined for 46% of abstracts, with a median sample size of 9 (range 1-378), and housing was sufficiently described to determine sample size in 35% of pre-slaughter studies. The potential effects of this bias on systematic reviews and uses of interventions could be significant, and thus improvements may be warranted in the proportion of conference abstracts resulting in papers in the peer-reviewed literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Author, Bias, Conference Abstract, Consort Statement, Databases, Decision Making, Decision-Making, Human, In Vivo, Intervention, Interventions, Journals, Literature, Live, Outcome, Outcomes, Papers, Pre-Harvest Food Safety, Publication, Publication Proportion, Quality, Randomized Trials, Reduce, Safety, Salmonella Prevalence, Science, Survival, Swine, Systematic, Systematic Reviews, Trends, Web of ScienceTitle: Principles of Adsorption and Adsorption ProcessA Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley and SONS? Ruthven, D.M. (1984), Principles of Adsorption and Adsorption Process, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley and SONS, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto and Singapore.Title: Principles and Applications of Water ChemistryA Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley and SONS? Weber, Jr., W.J. (1967), Sorption from solution by porous carbon. in Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry, (Edited by Faust, S.D. and Hunter, J.V.), A Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York.Title: Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge DiscoveryFull Journal Title: Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge DiscoveryISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Watts, R.J., Porter, A.L., Cunningham, S. and Zhu, D.H. (1997), TOAS intelligence mining; Analysis of natural language processing and computational linguistics. Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 1263, 323-334.Abstract: The Technology Opportunities Analysis System (TOAS), being developed under a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) project, enables mining of text files using bibliometrics. TOAS, a software system, extracts useful information from literature abstract files, which have identified fields that repeat in each abstract record of specific databases, such as Engineering Index (ENGI), INSPEC, Business Index, U.S. Patents, and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Research Reports. The TOAS applies various technologies, which include natural language processing (NLP), computational linguistics (CL), fuzzy analysis, latent semantic indexing, and principle components analysis (PCA). This software system combines simple operations (i.e., listing, counting, list comparisons and sorting of search term retrieved consolidated records’ field results) with complex matrix manipulations statistical inference and artificial intelligence approaches to reveal patterns and provide insights from large amounts of information, primarily related to technology-oriented management issues. The authors apply the TOAS tool on its own root technologies, NLP and computational linguistics-two apparently synonymous terms. These terms, however, when used in a literature search of the same abstract databases, ENGI and INSPEC, provide distinctly different search results with only 10% to 25% search result abstract records overlap. This paper introduces TOAS, summarizes analyses comparing NLP and CL, and then discusses the underlying development implications.Keywords: Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Authors, Bibliometrics, Computational Linguistics, Databases, Development, Field, Indexing, Intelligence, Literature, Literature Search, Management, Research, Software, SystemTitle: Print QuarterlyFull Journal Title: Print QuarterlyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Pollak, F. (1997), ‘Print Quarterly’ + Statistical, bibliometric studies: Contributions and subjects. Print Quarterly, 14 (1), 98-99.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, MARTitle: Problemy TuberkulezaFull Journal Title: Problemy TuberkulezaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0032-9533Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Matusevich, V.G., Pishel’, N.E., Labushevskaya, L.D. and Aref’Eva, L.V. (1991), Current status and trends in the development of the differential diagnosis of disseminated processes and spherical formations in the lungs based on data from a scientometric analysis of published and unpublished sources of information. Problemy Tuberkuleza, 3, 69-70.Title: Procedia Social and Behavioral SciencesFull Journal Title: Procedia Social and Behavioral SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1877-0428Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Pouris, A. and Pouris, A. (2010), Competing in a globalising world: International ranking of South African universities. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 (2), 515-520.Full Text: 2010\Pro Soc Beh Sci2, 515.pdfAbstract: Rankings of higher education institutions are important for students, research administrations, industry and academics. A number of rankings are published internationally, most of which aim to identify the top universities in the world. Developing countries are also interested for relevant rankings that could assist them to develop appropriate higher education policies. In this article we develop a ranking approach based on citations received for articles produced by universities in a variety of scientific disciplines. The approach is relatively simple and has the potential to guide policy. In this context this article identifies the international standing of the South African universities in the various scientific disciplines, compares them with their standing over time and elaborates on the consequences relevant to higher education and science and technology policy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Academics, Citations, Creativity, Developing Countries, Education, Higher Education, Industry, Innovation, Policies, Policy, Ranking, Rankings, Research, Science, Science and Technology, Sciences, Students, UniversitiesTitle: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, Physical Chemistry Section, USSRTitle: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR; Section: Chemistry; in English translation.Publisher: New York: Consultants Bureau Inc.Notes: Frequency: 3 per month.Lacks: Vol 30, Jan-Feb 1960.Year and issue of first translation: Jan-Feb 1956, Vol 106(1-6).See also: Doklady Akademiia Nauk SSSR, vols. 59-195 (1948-1970), Russian text.Notes: IIsotherm? Dubinin, M.M. and Radushkevich, L.V. (1947), Equation of the characteristic curve of activated charcoal. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, Physical Chemistry Section, USSR, 55, 331-333.Title: KDD-2007 Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Sigkdd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningFull Journal Title: KDD-2007 Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Sigkdd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data MiningISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Janssens, F., Glanzel, W. and De Moor, B. (2007), Dynamic hybrid clustering of bioinformatics by incorporating text mining and citation analysis. KDD-2007 Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Sigkdd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 360-369.Abstract: To unravel the concept structure and dynamics of the bioinformatics field, we analyze a set of 7401 publications from the Web of Science and MEDLINE databases, publication years 1981-2004. For delineating this complex, interdisciplinary field, a novel bibliometric retrieval strategy is used. Given that the performance of unsupervised clustering and classification of scientific publications is significantly improved by deeply merging textual contents with the structure of the citation graph, we proceed with a hybrid clustering method based on Fisher’s inverse chi-square. The optimal number of clusters is determined by a compound semiautomatic strategy comprising a combination of distance-based and stability-based methods. We also investigate the relationship between number of Latent Semantic Indexing factors, number of clusters, and clustering performance. The HITS and PageRank algorithms are used to determine representative publications in each cluster. Next, we develop a methodology for dynamic hybrid clustering of evolving bibliographic data sets. The same clustering methodology is applied to consecutive periods defined by time windows on the set, and in a subsequent phase chains are formed by matching and tracking clusters through time. Term networks for the eleven resulting cluster chains present the cognitive structure of the field. Finally, we provide a view on how much attention the bioinformatics community has devoted to the different subfields through time.Keywords: Citation, Citation Analysis, Cluster Chains, Databases, Fisher’s Inverse Chi-Square Method, Indexing, Medline, Publications, Science, Web of Science? Shaparenko, B. and Joachims, T. (2007), Information genealogy: Uncovering the flow of ideas in non-hyperlinked document databases. KDD-2007 Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Sigkdd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 619-628.Abstract: We now have incrementally-grown databases of text documents ranging back for over a decade in areas ranging from personal email, to news-articles and conference proceedings. While accessing individual documents is easy, methods for overviewing and understanding these collections as a whole are lacking in number and in scope. In this paper, we address one such global analysis task, namely the problem of automatically uncovering how ideas spread through the collection over time. We refer to this problem as Information Genealogy. In contrast to bibliometric methods that are limited to collections with explicit citation structure, we investigate content-based methods requiring only the text and timestamps of the documents. In particular, we propose a language-modeling approach and a likelihood ratio test to detect influence between documents in a statistically well-founded way. Furthermore, we show how this method can be used to infer citation graphs and to identify the most influential documents in the collection. Experiments on the NIPS conference proceedings and the Physics ArXiv show that our method is more effective than methods based on document similarity.Keywords: Automatic Construction, Citation, Citation Inference, Databases, Flow of Ideas, Hypertext, Information Genealogy, Language Models, Retrieval, Temporal Data, Text MiningTitle: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and SciencesFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Richards, T. (1898), Retention of gases by metallic oxides. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 33, 399-426.Abstract: A continuation of the author’s research in the same journal (26, p. 281) on the influence of time and temperature on these phenomena in the case of Zn and Cu oxides. For the thermometric measurements the method of standard melting-points is adopted, and a table is given of these values as found by Carnelley, Le Chatelier, Meyer, and Ramsay, with the results selected as probable. The oxides had been prepared from the nitrates, and it has long been known that the gases result from the decomposition of traces of undecomposed salt remaining in the substance. The heating was carried out in platinum crucibles in a simple furnace described, and the oxides afterwards dissolved in acid in a bulb apparatus figured in the previous paper, the gases being collected and measured over boiled water. In the case of the cupric oxide it was confirmed that it contained 4 to 5 vols. of occluded gas, which was nearly all retained up to 860 degrees , at which point more than 9/10 was rapidly set free. Above this the CuO commences to decompose, and at about 1,000 degrees fuses into a mixture of CuO and Cu/sub 2/O. Prolonged ignition below 450 degrees does not affect the amount of gas retained. At the higher temperatures the oxygen escapes more rapidly than the nitrogen. ZnO behaves similarly, but the O/sub 2/ is less readily evolved. Determinations of the conductivity proved that CuO is slightly dissociated at a red heat, ZnO less, and MgO scarcely at all; hence it is necessary when absorbing O/sub 2/ by hot copper to keep the temperature moderate. Incidentally the author discusses the frequent presence of H/sub 2/ in CO.Keywords: Copper, Decomposition, MgO, Nitrogen, Platinum, Research, Temperature, Water, ZnO? Lotka, A.J. (1920), Contribution to the general kinetics of material transformations. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 55 (3/9), 137-153.? Lotka, A.J. (1922), The general conditions of validity of the principle of Le Chatelier. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 57 (1/18), 19-37.Title: Proceedings of the American Philosophical SocietyFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the American Philosophical SocietyISO Abbreviated Title: Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorBenford, F. (1938), The law of anomalous numbers. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 78, 551-572.Full Text: P\Pro Ame Phi Soc78, 551.pdfTitle: Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers(Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng.; Proc. Am. Soc. Viv. Eng.)Huang, C.P. and Ostovic, F.B. (1978), Removal of Cadmium(II) by activated carbon adsorption. Proceedings. American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, 104, 863-878.Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information ScienceFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0044-7870Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Gouin, F.R. and Link, C.B. (1966), Effects of various levels of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium on growth and chemical composition of Taxus media cv “Hatfieldi”. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 89, 702-709.Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information ScienceFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0044-7870Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Dikeman, R.K. (1975), Use of bibliometric techniques in serials management for libraries. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 12, 55-56.? Coile, R.C. (1976), Bibliometric studies of scientific productivity. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 13, 90.? Hawkins, D.T. (1976), Unconventional uses of online information-retrieval systems or online bibliometric studies. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 13, 93.? Anderson, J.D. (1978), Across the language barrier - translations of scientific and technical journal literature - test of their predictability on the basis of bibliometric criteria. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 15, 9-12.? Small, H.G. (1979), Co-citation context analysis - Relationship between bibliometric structure and knowledge. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 16, 270-275.? Reespotter, L.K. (1980), Identification of areas of social-science research in Canada - A bibliometric analysis. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 17, 282-284.? Kantor, P.B. (1981), Rigorous solution of the competitive advantage problem - Application to bibliometric problems. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 18, 282-284.? Koenig, M.E.D. (1981), Bibliometric analysis of pharmaceutical research performance. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 18, 312.? Garcia, E.E. (1981), Interdisciplinary humanistic research and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (A and HCL). Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science, 18, 319.Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology; Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and TechnologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Garfield, E., Pudovkin, A.I. and Istomin, V.S. (2002), Algorithmic citation-linked historiography - Mapping the literature of science. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 39 (1), 14-24.Full Text: 2002\Pro Ame Soc Inf Sci Tec39, 14.pdfAbstract: There is a large literature on mapping and visualizing the scholarly literature (White McCain, 1997; Buter & Noyons, 2001). However, none of these methods have been used to create historical displays of works on a given subject. The authors have developed a process and software called HistCite for generating chronological maps of collections resulting from searching the ISI Web of Science (WOS), SCI/SSCI/AHCI on CD-ROM or SciSearch on Dialog. Export files are created in which all cited references for source documents are captured. These files are processed by HistCite to generate tables of the most-cited works. Real time demonstrations of several topics such as bibliographic-coupling, co-citation analysis, gene flow, etc. will be provided. The HistCite software includes an expert system for detecting and editing errors or variations in cited references. Export Files of 1,000 or more records are processed in minutes on a PC. Ideally the system will be used to help the searcher quickly identify the most significant work on a topic and trace its year-by-year development.Keywords: PC? Chen, C.M., McCain, K., White, H. and Lin, X. (2002), Mapping Scientometrics (1981-2001). Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 39 (1), 25-34.Full Text: 2002\Pro Ame Soc Inf Sci Tec39, 25.pdfAbstract: We investigate an integrated approach to scientometric studies with emphasis to the use of information visualization and animation techniques. This study draws upon citation and co-citation patterns derived from articles published in the journal Scientometrics (1981-2001). The modeling and visualization takes an evolutionary and historical perspective. The design of the visualization model adapts a virtual landscape metaphor with document co-citation networks as the base map and annual citation rates as the thematic overlay. The growth of citation rates is presented through an animation sequence of the landscape model. Issues concerning the visual-spatial design are discussed from a citation analysis point of view.Keywords: Analysis, Approach, Citation, Citation Analysis, Co-Citation, Cocitation, Combined Cocitation, Design, Growth, Historical Perspective, Information, Information Visualization, Integrated, Journal, Landscape, Metaphor, Model, Modeling, Networks, Rates, Science, Scientometric, Scientometrics, Sequence, Techniques, Visualization, Word Analysis? Harmon, G., Garfield, E., Paris, G., Marchionini, G. and Fagan, J. (2002), Bioinformatics in information science education. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 39 (1), 490-491.Full Text: 2002\Pro Ame Soc Inf Sci Tec39, 490.pdfAbstract: To support the introduction of bioinformatics education into information science curricula, panel members and other participants will attempt to define briefly the nature and scope of bioinformatics and its significance for information science education. Discussions will also explore emerging opportunities for program graduates in bioinformatics research, professional practice, and enterprise.? Demaine, J., Martin, J. and De Bruijn, B. (2003), Haystacks and hypotheses. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 40 (1), 59-64.Full Text: 2003\Pro Ame Soc Inf Sci Tec40, 59.pdfAbstract: This paper describes the EurekaSeek bibliometric technique for automated linked-literature analysis. The MEDLINE database of biomedical literature is iteratively searched in order to identify research opportunities in the form of conceptual linkages between terms. As a tool for identifying undiscovered public knowledge, EurekaSeek is a variation on the techniques of Swanson and Smalheiser. EurekaSeek uses medical subject headings instead of text analysis in a fully automated search process, thereby eliminating the reliance on expert input during the process of linking literatures. In this paper, the EurekaSeek process is tested by retroactively examining the co-occurrence of terms in the published literature. The hypothesis tested in this paper is whether this tool, had it existed in the past, could have identified conceptual linkages that occurred only later in the literature. In addition, EurekaSeek is compared against a process that considers all potential term-to-term relationships. The list of terms that EurekaSeek produces is a subset of all potential linked literature terms. The experiment shows that EurekaSeek produces a higher percentage of likely hypotheses than when all terms are considered. While the proportion of identified linkages generated is still too small for the process to be a practical aid to research, statistically significant results were achieved. Metaphorically speaking, EurekaSeek identifies a higher proportion of needles per haystack.Keywords: Scientific Discovery, Literatures, Knowledge, Arginine? Coleman, A., Miksa, S.D., Warner, J., Wilson, C.S. and Furner, J. (2003), A science of public knowledge? Theoretical foundations of LIS. Sponsored by SIG HFIS. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 40 (1), 439-440.Full Text: 2003\Pro Ame Soc Inf Sci Tec40, 439.pdfAbstract: In this session, we examine several related aspects of the ongoing quest to map the intellectual structure of our field and to consolidate its theoretical foundations. The conceptual relationships between bibliometrics, informetrics and related fields are explored; the historical connections between classification and information retrieval researchers are examined; and the distinction between information science and information technology is analyzed both bibliometrically and from the perspective of social epistemology.Keywords: Information Science, Information Retrieval, Informetrics, Bibliometrics, Classification, Epistemology, Information Technology, Geographic Information Systems? Nicholson, S., Hwang, S.Y., Keezer, P. and O’Neill, E.T. (2003), The bibliomining process: Data warehousing and data mining for libraries. Sponsored by SIG LT. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 40 (1), 478-479.Full Text: 2003\Pro Ame Soc Inf Sci Tec40, 478.pdfAbstract: Bibliomining is the combination of data mining, bibliometrics, statistics, and reporting tools used to extract patterns of behavior-based artifacts and item-based metadata from library systems. The bibliomining process involves the identification of problem areas, the collecting and anonymizing of data into a data warehouse, the exploration of the data with data mining tools, and the analysis, validation, and implementation of the results. This panel will introduce the topic of bibliomining and present ways in which data warehousing and data mining are currently being used in library settings.Keywords: Data Mining, Data Warehousing, Libraries, BibliometricsTitle: Proceedings of the ASIS Annual MeetingFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the ASIS Annual MeetingISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0044-7870Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Zunde, P. (1974), Proceedings of the ASIS 37th Annual Meeting. Proceedings of the ASIS 37th Annual Meeting, 11, x+278.Abstract: The following topics were dealt with: information utility; data base management; processing for information retrieval; facilities and services; information use; user needs; bibliometric analysis of trends; semiotic implications; human information processing; education and research.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Data, Data Base, Education, Facilities, Human, Information, Information Retrieval, Management, Needs, Research, Services, Trends, Utility? Snyder, H.W. and Bonzi, S. (1989), An inquiry into the behavior of author self citation. Proceedings of the Asis Annual Meeting, 26, 147-151.Keywords: Citation? Bonzi, S. and Snyder, H.W. (1990), Patterns of self citation across fields of inquiry. Proceedings of the Asis Annual Meeting, 27, 204-207Keywords: Citation? Nisonger, T.E. (1993), The relationship between price and citation data for journals in 2 subject areas. Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting, 30, 151-159.Abstract: This project, still in progress, investigates the relationship between cost and citation rate, based on social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) or Science Citation Index (SCI) Journal Citation Report (JCR) data. Journal price will be correlated with impact factor, total citations received, and citations received by items published during the previous two years for the political science and genetics journals covered by the SCI or SSCI JCR in the years 1980, 1985, and 1990. Previous studies that relate journal costs to other variables are reviewed. Preliminary results, based on 1980, 1985, and 1990 institutional subscription prices and impact factors for genetics journals, found no correlation between these two variables. The implications of these findings are discussed, while several limitations to the study are acknowledged.Keywords: Citation, Citations, Correlation, Cost, Costs, Data, Genetics, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Journal, Journals, Progress, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Social, SSCI? Rieh, H.Y. (1993), Citation analysis: A case-study of Korean scientists and engineers in electrical and electronics engineering. Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting, 30, 165-171.Abstract: This study investigates citation patterns of publications by scientists and engineers in electrical and electronics engineering [1] in Korea. The objectives of the study are: to identify the citation behavior of Korean scientists and engineers, to compare their citation behavior in government, universities, and industry/companies, and to compare the citation patterns exhibited by articles taken from Korean and non-Korean publications. As sources to derive citations, Korean Periodicals Index (KPI) and the INSPEC database have been selected, based on a consideration of the advantages and disadvantages associated with different methods of source selection. A random sample of Korean scientists’ and engineers’ publications have been drawn for the years of 1986-1988. Some 189 articles indexed in INSPEC and 235 articles indexed in KPI yield 3,414 citations. Findings include: journal articles are cited most frequently, English language publications are cited most, government and industry/company authors cite more current scientific and technical information (STI) [2] than university authors, and. non-Korean publications cite more current STI than Korean publications. Based on the findings, the significance of the citation behavior of Korean scientists and engineers is examined in light of STI policy formulation and review, as well as for the provision of library and information center services.Keywords: Scientometric Analysis, Science? Wang, P.L. and White, M.D. (1996), A qualitative study of scholars’ citation behavior. Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting, 33, 255-261.Abstract: This paper identifies several aspects of citing behavior (reasons for citing, criteria used in decision making, and mete-level documentation concerns) by directly questioning researchers about decisions to cite or not to cite specific documents. An important finding is the existence of meta-level concerns which may indicate documentation styles which influence a decision to cite a document in addition to situational factors related to its actual use during research. It reports the preliminary results of the citing decisions in an empirical, longitudinal study of document use by academic economists and graduate students during several phases of their research projects.Keywords: Citer Motivations? Nisonger, T.E. (1998), Journal self-citedness in Journal Citation Reports library and information science and genetics journal rankings. Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting, 35, 267-278.Abstract: This research project, still in progress, investigates the effect of journal self-citedness on Journal Citation Reports rankings of library and information science and genetics journals using data from the 1994 JCR on CD-ROM. The original JCR rankings by impact factor and total citations were contrasted with recalculated rankings in which journal self-citations were eliminated, using three methods of comparison: Pearson Product Movement correlation, overlap among top-ranking journals, and a modification of the Mankin and Bastille approach for analyzing journal movement in rank. Results for library and information science indicate the effect of self-citedness on both JCR impact factor and total citation rankings was minimal, although notable differences in rank were observed for a few journals. The preliminary conclusion is that one can use JCR rankings without adjusting the data for journal self-citedness.Keywords: Citations, Impact, Impact Factor, Index, Indicators, Journal Self-Citations, Lists, Psychology, Scientific Journals, Self Citations, Serials, Social-ScienceTitle: Proceedings of the 2nd Asia Pacific Conference Sustainable Energy and Environmental Technologies-Challenges and OpportunitiesHo, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1998), Removal of pollutants from wastewaters by low cost sorbents: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. in Proceedings of the 2nd Asia Pacific Conference Sustainable Energy and Environmental Technologies-Challenges and Opportunities, (Edited by Lu, G.Q., Rudolph, V. and Greenfield, P.F.), The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia, 237-244.Abstract: Two sorption systems have been studied to investigate the removal of pollutants from wastewaters. The removal of lead ions using peat and the removal of basic dye, Basic Blue 69, using wood have been investigated. The system variables studied include initial pollutant concentration, sorbent particle size and temperature. The sorption processes were carried out using an agitated, baffled system for lead and a batch shaking system for dye and two kinetic analyses were carried out on the experimental data. Pseudo-first order and a pseudo-second order kinetic analyses were performed to determine the rate constants. The rate constants were correlated with the system variables and the mathematical relationships are presented in the paper. The application of the second order kinetic model gives very high correlation coefficients and may be appropriate to several sorption systems particularly the sorption of divalent metal ions and basic dyes.Title: Proceedings of the Chinese Institute of Environmental Engineering ConferenceChiang, C.C. and Ho, Y.S. (1999), Equilibrium sorption isotherm for basic dye onto Sphaeropteris lipifera (Hook.) Tryon. Proceedings of the Chinese Institute of Environmental Engineering Conference, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 593-598.徐永錢、江春嬌、余美鳳（1996），應用活性白土吸附鹽基性染料之研究，Proceedings 21th Wastewater Treatment Technology Conference, 逢甲大學, Taiwan, 587-595.Title: Proceedings of the 1999 Conference Hazardous Waste ResearchBaig, T.H., Carcia, A.E., Tiemann, K.J. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. (1999), Adsorption of heavy metal ions by the biomass of solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf night-shade). Proceedings of the 1999 Conference Hazardous Waste Research, 131-142.Title: Proceedings of the 2000 Conference Hazardous Waste ResearchTiemann, K.J., Gamez, G., Parsons, J.G., Dokken, K., Herrera, I., Bess-Oberto, L., Armendariz, V., Mahmoud, J. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. (1999), Electrochemical studies of Cu(II) binding to alfalfa biomass. Proceedings of the 2000 Conference Hazardous Waste Research, 13-21.Title: Proceedings of ECOpoleFull Journal Title: Proceedings of ECOpoleISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Tomczak, E. and Szczerkowska, D. (2009), Sorption from multicomponent solutions on lyophilizated chitosan. Proceedings of ECOpole, 3 (1), 215-220.Abstract: The process of adsorption in time-variable conditions in a column packed with lyophilizated chitosan beads modified with polyvinyl alcohol (CH-PVA), etylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CH-PVA-EDTA) or 3-chloropropionic acid (CH-PVA-3CPA) was analysed in this study. Experiments were carried out in a column filled with freeze-dried chitosan beads of diameter phi = 2.5 mm and fed with water ternary solutions of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) at different initial concentrations. Sorption efficiency of single ions was analysed. Additionally, the influence of initial concentration and flow rate was determined. A pseudo-second order equation was used in the description of ion sorption kinetics. Sorption equilibrium on freeze-dried chitosan beads with PVA in static conditions at 25°C was determined. Freundlich equation was recommended in this case.Keywords: Adsorption, Alcohol, Beads, Chitin, Chitosan, Column, Complexation, Concentration, Cu(II), Efficiency, Equilibrium, Flow, Flow Rate, Freundlich, Freundlich Equation, Heavy Metal Ions, Ions, Kinetics, Kinetics and Sorption Equilibrium, Lyophilization, Modified, Ni(II), Polyvinyl Alcohol, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Solutions, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Water, Zn(II)? Toropovs, V. and Vircavs, M. (2009), Distribution of trace elements in lake sediments: A scientometric analysis. Proceedings of ECOpole, 3, (2), 383-386.Full Text: 2009\Pro Eco82, 383.pdfAbstract: This paper examines and compares research activities in the field of lake sediment analysis for the period 2000-2009. The scientometric data is collected from 79 articles published in major journals included in the Science Citation Index (SCI). The most commonly used journals were Science of the Total Environment, Chemosphere, Microchemical Journal, Applied Geochemistry and Environment International. The trace elements which are analyzed in most cases are Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn and Zn. None of countries show research effort activity that would be outstandingly higher than the majority, although some of them, eg Sweden, The United States, Canada and China have shown activity above the average level.Keywords: Canada, Citation, Geochemistry, Journals, Research, SCI, Scientometric Analysis, Sediments, Trace ElementsTitle: Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of SciencesFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Indian Academy Sciences, BangalorePublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Allik, J. (2008), Quality of Estonian science estimated through bibliometric indicators (1997-2007). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 57 (4), 255-264.Full Text: 2008\Pro Est Aca Sci57, 255.pdfAbstract: The main goal of this paper is to provide an analysis of bibliometric indicators of the quality of Estonian science in comparison to its neighbours Latvia and Lithuania during the 11-year period from 1997 to 2007. Since 1990, Estonian and Lithuanian scientist more than tripled the number of articles they published in journals indexed by the Thomson Reuters Web of Science. The number of articles from Latvia has decreased relative to the general increase of published articles in the world. According to the Essential Science Indicators database, papers published by Estonian scientists had the highest impact (7.87) compared to all other former Communist bloc countries including Hungary (7.83), Latvia (5.92), Lithuania (4.95), and Russia (3.98). While Latvia failed to increase the productivity and Lithuania to improve the quality of their scientific publications, Estonia succeeded in reducing the gap both in the productivity and impact of its publications compared to the world leading countries. The observation of changes during the last three years allows identifying Agricultural Sciences, Molecular Biology & Genetics, and Social Sciences as three fastest growing fields in Estonia.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Changes, Comparison, Database, Estonia, Estonian Science, General, Hungary, Impact, Indicators, Journals, Latvia, Lithuania, Observation, Papers, Productivity, Publications, Quality, Quality of, Russia, Science, Scientific Publications, Scientometry, Span, Web of Science, World? Kremer, R.K. and Marx, W. (2009), Aspects of the scientific cooperation of Estonia and Germany in view of bibliometry. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 58 (4), 255-262.Full Text: 2009\Pro Est Aca Sci58, 255.pdfAbstract: We provide a brief investigation of the Estonian-German scientific collaboration in terms of quantity and quality of the scientific output and impact based on the Web of Science (WoS) and the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) of Thomson Reuters. An overview of the overall scientific productivity of Estonia and a ranking of the countries of cooperation is given. The most active affiliations and research fields involved into the cooperation of the two countries are identified. We analyse in particular the development of the output (i.e. the number of joint publications) of the Estonian-German cooperation and of the impact (i.e. the number of their citations) since around 1972. Finally, the most frequently cited Estonian-German joint papers in the field of Physics and Astronomy are listed.Keywords: Bibliometry, Citations, Essential Science Indicators, German-Estonian Scientific Cooperation, Indicators, Publications, Research, Science, Scientific Impact, Scientific Productivity, Scientometry, Time Development, Web, Web of ScienceTitle: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on E-LearningFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on E-LearningISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Indian Academy Sciences, BangalorePublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Abubakar, A.B., Harande, Y.I. and Abubakar, B.M. (2009), E-Learning in Malaysia and Nigeria: A bibliometric study. Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on E-Learning, 1-5.Abstract: E-learning entails dissemination of knowledge, information, experiences and skills through the use of electronic devices. The issue of e-learning has now become a major talking point universally. Moreover with the advent of computer and other information technologies in the present day global society, e-learning becomes widely accepted and practiced globally. E-learning is practiced in academic environments such as, the universities and other related institutions in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to asses the state of e-learning in Malaysia and Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, contextual analysis of bibliometric method was applied on e-learning literature and it is expected that the outcomes for e-learning for both countries would be different in certain aspects solely because of the differences in the ICT penetration, geographical location, cultural acculturation of the two countries under study. Malaysia is located in South East Asia; while Nigeria on the other hand is located in Africa south of the Sahara. The data base used for gathering data sets for the study was an educational resources data base (ERIC). The choice of this database was made mainly because of its comprehensiveness, popularity, coverage and representativeness in education, which is directly related to teaching and learning dimension. The findings of the study showed that there are differences between e-learning practices and experiences in both countries. In Malaysia e-learning appears to be mainly via government while in Nigeria only 70 percent are supported by the government and the other 30 percent are supported by non governmental organizations.Keywords: Asia, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Contextual Analysis, Learning, Malaysia, Nigeria, UniversitiesTitle: Proceedings of the 2nd Euro-Asia Conference on Environment and Corporate Social Responsibility: Technological Innovation and Management SectionFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 2nd Euro-Asia Conference on Environment and Corporate Social Responsibility: Technological Innovation and Management SectionISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Li, S.S., Luan, S.J. and He, Y.S. (2008), Bibliometric research on public goods in the period of 1992 to 2006. Proceedings of the 2nd Euro-Asia Conference on Environment and Corporate Social Responsibility: Technological Innovation and Management Section, 102-112.Abstract: The concept of “Public Goods” was firstly presented 250 years ago. However, few people use the bibliometric analysis technique to study public goods. In this paper, the authors make a bibliometric analysis of all public goods-related publications in the period of 1992 to 2006. The selected documents to be studies are with “public goods, public good” in the title, abstract, or keywords. Analyzed parameters includes authorship, patterns of international collaboration, journal, languages, document type, research address, number of times cited, and reprint authors’ address. Researches on Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and Citations per Publications (CPP) show that 45% of the papers on public goods are composed by a single author. The USA, the UK, the Germany and Canada contributed to 59% of the total papers, while USA contributed 44% of the total independent publications. In addition, English remains the dominant language. 98% papers are in English, while only 1.5% of the papers were written in German and French, and the remaining 0.5% was written in other 7 languages. Moreover, 9.8% of the papers were cited more than 10 times in five years after the publication and 40% of the papers were not cited. In addition, a model was applied to describe the relationship between the numbers of citations and the lifecycle of the papers.Keywords: Abstract, Authorship, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Research, Citation, Citation Per Publication, Citations, Collaboration, International Collaboration, Journal Citation Reports, Public Goods, Publication, Publications, Research, UK, USATitle: Proceedings of the European CongressMcKay, G. (1984), Economic appraisal of energy conservation projects. Proceedings of the European Congress, Algarve, Portugal, April, 193-200.Title: Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Chemical SciencesFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Chemical SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0253-4134Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Indian Academy Sciences, BangalorePublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, (2001)? Ghosh, A., Mallik, B. and Misra, T.N. (1980), Effect of adsorption of vapors on the electrical-conductivity of some polyene semiconductors - adsorption and desorption- kinetics. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Chemical Sciences, 89 (2), 209-217.? Nandeesh, L.S. and Sheshadri, B.S. (1991), Inhibitory effect of 2-mercapto pyrimidine on corrosion of copper single-crystal planes in 0.1 M H2SO4. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Chemical Sciences, 103 (6), 763-775.? Nandeesh, L.S. and Sheshadri, B.S. (1991), Inhibitory effect of 2-mercapto pyrimidine on corrosion of copper single-crystal planes in 0.1 M H2SO4. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Chemical Sciences, 103 (6), 763-775.Abstract: Weight loss and polarization techniques have been used to investigate the rates of dissolution of copper single crystal (100), (110) and (111) planes in 0.1 M H2SO4 as well as in the presence of various concentrations (10-5 M to 10-2 M) of 2-mercapto pyrimidine (2-MP). The corrosion rates of copper single crystal plane were controlled by surface reaction which was found to be a function of crystallographic orientation, temperature and concentration of 2-MP. The stabilities of the crystal planes in pure acid were found to be (111) > (100) > (110). However, at the critical concentration of 2-MP (10-2 M) the order of stability was found to be (110) > (100) > (111). The observed corrosion data revealed that inhibition of copper corrosion takes place by surface adsorption of inhibitor molecules, indicating a Bockris-Swinkels type of adsorption isotherm. Inhibitor efficiencies derived from weight loss and polarization techniques showed good agreement. The order of stability of the crystal planes was further confirmed by surface topographical changes during corrosion and also by the thermodynamics of adsorption of inhibitor molecules.Keywords: Inhibition of Corrosion, Adsorption Isotherm, Corrosion of Copper, Corrosion-Inhibition By 2-Mercapto Pyrimidine, Sulfuric-AcidTitle: Proceedings of the AWPS 2003 International Conference on Forest products Better Utilization of Wood for Human, Earth and FutureMin, S.H., Park, J.K., Han, J.S. and Shin, E.W. (1977), Mechanism of cadmium ion removal by base treated juniper fiber. Proceedings of the AWPS 2003 International Conference on Forest products Better Utilization of Wood for Human, Earth and Future, Ed. by Lee, H.H. and Jang, S.S. The Korean Society of Wood Science and Technology International Association of Wood Products Societies. Vol. 1, 607-614.Full Text: P\Proceedings of the AWPS 2003, 607.pdfTitle: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering ManagementFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering ManagementISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Zhang, D.L., Liu, Z.Y. and Wang, Y.J. (2006), Bibliometrics analysis of industrial engineering from 1987 to 2005 in China (ID: 1-048). Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 1-5, 430-433.Abstract: Based on Chinese Journals Full-text Database, this paper analyzes the Industrial Engineering literatures from 1987 to 2005. It was found 616 pieces of papers which used Industrial Engineering as its subject. In recent years, this kind of papers increased in quantity, developed in research contents, and distributed abroad in papers’ distribution periodicals field. Use bibliometrics to analyze the papers’ quantity, research content and distribution of the periodicals, we can obtain important intelligence fountainhead of this domain information, and definitude the developmental trend and investigative emphases in the future of research on Industrial Engineering in China. Through retrieved papers about the problems of IE from 1987 to 2005 in CJFD, the paper divides the research on IE in our country into three phases which are underway period, fast growth period and unfaltering growth period, analyzes the characters and contents of each period, and finds the dynamic figure of research on IE in China and investigative emphasis of each period. Then, the paper studies on the distribution of the journals analysis of industrial engineering in China. At last, the author discusses the investigative venation, developmental trend and investigative emphases about our counties’ IE in the future.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometrics, China, Chinese, Country, Distributed, Distribution, Dynamic, Engineering, Field, Growth, Information, Journals, Papers, Periodicals, Research, Trend? Liu, Z.Y., Liang, Y.X. and Pang, J. (2006), Mainstream academic groups and representative scientists of international ergonomics (ID: 4-015). Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 1-5, 1462-1466.Abstract: Ergonomics; also known as human factors, is the scientific discipline concerned with interactions between humans and other elements of a system in carrying. out a purposeful activity. As a new edge subject, ergonomics is introduced into China from 1970. With the development of society, it is very important for Chinese scholars and applications to know the international ergonomics development trend and learn from international experience. The author tries to use some’new scientometrics methods such as information visual technology that can do some research for human factor engineering development trend and its representative scientists. The data resource of this research is came form three journals which in 33 journals in ENGNEERING,INDUSTRIAL of 2003 JCR(Journal Citation Report), Using’ Science Citation Index provided by Thomson Scientific to analyze first 50 authors of highly cited of international ergonomics during 1994-2006. The methods include Citation Analysis, Multidimensional Scaling, and Cluster Analysis. We got the author co-citation map to identify the main research groups and representative scientists. The map reflects that there are four groups in human factor engineering: 1 human characteristic, 2 labors, 3 human -computer interaction and system. 4 theory and method of ergonomics. This is accord with the contents of ergonomics.Keywords: China, Chinese, Co-Citation, Cocitation, Data, Development, Engineering, Experience, First, Human, Human Factor, Human Factors, Humans, Information, Interaction, International, Journals, Methods, Research, Science Citation Index, Scientometrics, Society, Technology, Theory, Trend? Zhao, X.N., Jia, J.F. and Zhu, Z. (2006), Method research on evaluation of organization’s performance based on comparative advantage characteristics (ID: 5-081). Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 1-5, 2066-2070.Full Text: 2006\Pro Int Con Ind Eng Eng Man1-5, 2066.pdfAbstract: It is under the guidance of “big unification” thought to appraise organizational performance in traditional methods, in which the same standards are adopted and the characteristics of different organizations aren’t considered. The competitive advantage idea may guide the organization to dispose the resources and organize the activities from the angle of highlighting own individualities, but it still has not gotten rid of the uniform standards and criterions. On the basis, a new performance evaluation method has been put forward, in which comparative advantage characteristics of different organizations are considered. Then the article chose nine research universities as samples to make empirical research, which are constructed with priority of “985 Project” of China. The empirical result shows that five universities possess comparative advantage characteristic and the others don’t. and some analytical conclusions can be used to offer decision support for national relevant departments.Keywords: Organization’s Performance, Evaluation Method, Comparative Advantage CharacteristicTitle: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial EngineeringFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Dan, Z. (2008), Data mining applications in the banking industry in China (1998-2007). Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, 1, 240-243.Abstract: Data mining popularly referred to as knowledge discovery from data (KDD), is the automated or convenient extraction of patterns representing knowledge implicitly stored or catchable in large databases, data warehouses, the Web, other massive information repositories, or data streams. Data mining increasingly mature and has been widely used in various industry. The banking industry is typical Industry of data mining applications. This study reviews the relevant literatures on data mining applications in the banking industry from 1998 to 2007 in China. With the method of bibliometric analysis makes a statistical analysis on literatures from the perspectives of time distribution, research techniques, research topics, and research methods. This paper concludes data mining in the banking industry research category Charts, and the applied research character of data mining in the banking industry in China. With the overseas research situation contrast, this paper makes some suggestions on the improvement of data mining applications in China.Keywords: Analysis, Banking, Banking Industry, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Character, China, Contrast, Data, Data Mining, Data-Mining, Databases, Discovery, Distribution, Extraction, Improvement, Industry, Information, Knowledge, Methods, Mining, Overseas, Research, Research Methods, Reviews, Statistical, Statistical Analysis, Streams, Techniques, TimeTitle: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning? Timonen, H. and Paloheimo, K.S. (2007), The emergence and diffusion of the concept of knowledge work. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning, 421-430.Abstract: The past decades have witnessed the proliferation of research on knowledge work. Knowledge work has mostly been used as antonym to manual work, to refer to specific occupations characterized by an emphasis on specialized skills and the use of theoretical knowledge. The efforts to encompass all the various contexts where knowledge plays a relevant role in work tasks has resulted in various and ambiguous definitions of what knowledge work actually is. In order to shed light on the elusive concept of knowledge work, we studied how it has appeared in the scientific discussion, and diffused from one scientific community to another. As the circulation of new ideas and concepts in scientific discussion is apparent through academic literature, we examined the emergence and diffusion of the concept of knowledge work through a citation analysis on articles from the Social Sciences Citation Index. The data set consists of 273 articles with 7,057 cited references for the 1974 to 2003 period, and we used a dense sub-network grouping algorithm on the co-citation network to distinguish highly cited groups of references. We distinguish three periods of diffusion of the concept of knowledge work. The results show that Drucker’s In the age of discontinuity (1969) and Bell’s The coming of post-industrial society (1968) were the main influencers when the concept of knowledge work emerged in the scientific discussion from 1974 to 1992. After this period, we can distinguish a slow diffusion period from 1993 to 2003, when the concept started to gain attention, and a fast diffusion period from 1999 to 2003, when the research has proliferated. The discussion dispersed outside the management domain already in the emergence period, but the management domain has stayed the main domain of discussion also later on. However, from 1992 to 2003 the discussion inside the management domain dispersed in different groups. One of the main influencers of a new group of research that appeared at this time was Zuboff’s In the age of the smart machine (1984). This group, drawing on research conducted on knowledge-intensive firms, has recently produced new highly cited articles such as Blackler’s ‘Knowledge, knowledge work and organizations’ in Organization Studies (1995). As the current discussion on knowledge work is dispersed in different groups, there is a need to engage in a common conceptual discussion and define what is actually meant by knowledge work.Keywords: Age, Algorithm, Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, Co-Citation, Cocitation, Community, Data, Diffusion, Knowledge, Literature, Machine, Management, Network, Proliferation, Research, Role, Society, WorkTitle: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management & Organisational LearningFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management & Organisational LearningISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Cavaller, V. and Aubertin, C. (2008), Elements of scientometrics and patent bibliometric-analysis for the estimated remaining useful life (RUL) in the valuation of intangible assets. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management & Organisational Learning, 87-95.Abstract: When a company understands that it must innovate, the next question is determining where it is best to innovate. This “where” in technology innovation management, is strictly related to the Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The RUL concept is defined as the time remaining until the reliability drops below a defined minimal operating threshold. The RUL analysis of certain intangible assets (patents and know-how license agreements, industrial designs, trademarks, logos, customer base) is carried out through different methodologies and a variety of different approaches. The key subject in all these methodologies is the life cycle of the technology. The analyst tries to approach the foresight of the life cycle of technology to establish its value in use. Different life measuring systems are considered in RUL analysis depending on the different typologies of, technology life: statutory, contract, judicial, economic and functional. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize how the technology life cycle is influenced by changes not only in technology but also in scientific research evolution. Scientific research life analysis must examine the historical emergence or decay of a certain intellectual interest in the scientific community through the study of what is and what is not published in scientific journals. Data used in life cycle estimation may be used in RUL analysis. Typically, this data includes scientific articles, registration documents (patent applications, trademarks and copyright applications), commercial contracts, judicial orders, financial statements and technology data. The analysis of the life cycle allows incorporating qualitative considerations (legal, contractual, physical, technical know-how, functional, economic) related to the conduct of future technologies. But technology development is conditioned by trends in scientific research and by the changes in the marketing dynamics of today and in the future. Quantitative analysis of scientific production, applications for patents, industrial designs and trademarks, developed in scientometrics and bibliometrics, provide us with an unbiased guide to R&D and business trends. This article aims to emphasize the importance of combining scientometrics and patent bibliometrics useful for calculating the “Remaining Useful Life” (RUL) for evaluating the value of intangible assets.Keywords: Analysis, Analyst, Approach, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Business, Changes, Community, Company, Contract, Contracts, Data, Developed, Development, Dynamics, Economic, Emergence, Evolution, Financial, Financial Statements, Foresight, Innovation, Intangible Assets, Journals, Legal, License, Life, Life Cycle, Life Cycle of Technology, Management, Marketing, Methodologies, Orders, Patent, Patent Bibliometrics, Patents, Physical, Production, Purpose, Qualitative, R&D, Reliability, Remaining Useful Life (RUL), Research, Research Evolution, Scientific Journals, Scientific Production, Scientific Research, Scientometrics, Systems, Technologies, Technology, Time, Trends, Valuation, ValueTitle: Proceedings of ISSI 2009 - 12th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and InformetricsFull Journal Title: Proceedings of ISSI 2009 - 12th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and InformetricsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Zhang, L., Janssens, F., Liang, L.M. and Glanzel, W. (2009), Hybrid Clustering Analysis for Mapping Large Scientific Domains. Proceedings of ISSI 2009 - 12th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, 1, 178-188.Abstract: A hybrid clustering method combining cross-citation and textual analysis is applied to cluster more than 8,000 journals covered in the Web of Science (2002-2006). Unlike in a previous study where we assumed 22 clusters for comparison with the 22 fields according to the classification scheme of Thomson’s Essential Science Indicators, this study uses a 7 clusters solution, which is one of the candidate results obtained from the clustering process. Based on an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm, all the journals under study have been clustered into 7 large scientific domains. The evaluation of the obtained clustering provides consistent results as considered from the cognitive perspective and the most characteristic terms, which are obtained from the textual component of the classification process, giving a clear description of each individual cluster. The cross-citation network visualises the citation relations among clusters and the asymmetric links reflect the direction of information flow among journals and clusters. Several indicators including PageRank, strong links and entropy are used to identify and analyse representative journals of each cluster.Keywords: Citation, Clustering, Evaluation, Journals, Mapping, Web of ScienceTitle: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Product Innovation ManagementFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Product Innovation ManagementISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Dan, Z. (2008), Analysis on the situation of data mining applications in China financial sector. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Product Innovation Management, 1-2, 1617-1621.Abstract: This paper reviews the relevant literatures on data mining applications in the banking industry from 1998 to 2007 in China. With the method of bibliometric analysis makes a statistical analysis on literatures from the perspectives of time distribution, research techniques, research topics, and research methods. This paper concludes data mining in the banking industry research category charts, and the applied research character of data mining in the banking industry in China. Contrast with the overseas researches, this paper makes-some Suggestions Oil the improvement on data mining applications in China.Keywords: Analysis, Banking, Banking Industry, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Character, China, Data, Data Mining, Data-Mining, Distribution, Improvement, Industry, Methods, Mining, Overseas, Research, Research Methods, Reviews, Statistical, Statistical Analysis, Techniques, TimeTitle: Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Water Pollution SymposiumPergamon Press? Weber, Jr., W.J. and Morris, J.C. (1962), Advances in water pollution research: Removal of biologically resistant pollutant from waste water by adsorption. In Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Water Pollution Symposium, Vol. 2, pp 231-266, Pergamon Press, Oxford.Title: Proceedings of International Symposium on Peat UtilizationFull Journal Title: Proceedings of International Symposium on Peat UtilizationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory:Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:Impact FactorHargital, L. (1983), Special chemical parameters of peat for horticultural utilization. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peat Utilization (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H. and Spigarelli, S.A.) Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, October 10-13, 251-262.Abstract: The use of the “K-value” (the ratio of NaF-soluble humic substances to NaOH-soluble humic substances) and available N content in characterizing Hungarian peats for horticultural purposes is discussed.? Loxham, M. and Burghardt, W. (1983), Peat as a barrier to the spread of micro-contaminants to the groundwater. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peat Utilization (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H. and Spigarelli, S.A.) Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, October 10-13, 337-350.Kadlec, R.H. and Rathbun, M.A. (1983), Copper sorption on peat. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peat Utilization (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H. and Spigarelli, S.A.) Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, October 10-13, 351-364.? Thun, R., Fagern酲, L. and Brandt, J. (1983), Use of thermally treated peat for water purification. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peat Utilization (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H. and Spigarelli, S.A.) Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, October 10-13, 365-379.Brooks, J.L. and Zibilske, L.M. (1983), Fungi isolated from the sphagnum peat wastewater treatment system. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peat Utilization (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H. and Spigarelli, S.A.) Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, October 10-13, 381-388.Morita, H. and Measures, R.M. (1983), Some observations on the laser fluorescence spectroscopy of peats. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peat Utilization (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H. and Spigarelli, S.A.) Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, October 10-13, 391-403.Pakarinen, P. and Gorham, E. (1983), Mineral element composition of sphagnum fuscum peats collected from Minnesota, Manitoba and Ontario. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peat Utilization (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H. and Spigarelli, S.A.) Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, October 10-13, 417-429.Karunen, P., Ekman, R. and Salin, M. (1983), Sphagnum mosses as sources of sterols in peat. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Peat Utilization (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H. and Spigarelli, S.A.) Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, October 10-13, 487-493.Title: Proceedings of the Industrial Waste ConferenceAnn Arbor Science, MichiganGabler, Jr., R.C. and Neylan, D.L. (1977), Extraction of metals and phosphorus from incinerated municipal sewage sludge. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 39-49.Lopez, C.X. and Johnston, R. (1977), Industrial wastewater recycling with ultrafiftration and reverse osmosis. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 81-91.Hardisty, D.M. and Rosen, H.M. (1977), Industrial wastewater ozonation. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 294-302.Crosser, M.L. and Allen, H.E. (1977), Complexation of heavy metals by ligands in industrial wastewater-measurement and effect on metals removal. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 345-358.Yeats, A.R. (1977), Ion exchange selectively removes heavy metals from mixed plating wastes. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 467-476.Beasley, M.D., Luttinger, L. and Caprio, C. (1977), Reverse osmosis provides reusable water from electronics waste. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 630-638.Patterson, J.W. and Jancuk, W.A. (1977), Cementation treatment of copper in wastewater. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 853-865.Chian, E.S.K. and DeWalle, F.B. (1977), Removal of heavy metals from a fatty acid wastewater with a completely mixed anaerobic filter. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 920-928.Reimers, R.S., Englande, A.J., Krenkel, P.A., Danforth, R.A., Leftwich, D.B. and Lo, C.P. (1977), The effectiveness of land treatment for removal of heavy metals. Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 1013-1034.Knocke, W.R., Clevenger, T., Ghosh, M.M. and Movak, J.T. (1978), Recovery of metals from electroplating wastes. Proceedings of the 33rd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 415-426.Theis, T.L. and Richter, R.O. (1978), Chemical speciation of heavy metals in power plant ash pond leachate. Proceedings of the 33rd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan, 487-496.Title: Proceedings of the 37th Industrial Waste ConferenceProceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference-Purdue University? Rickabaugh, J. and Lambert, M. (1983), Priority pollutant removal by activated sludge treatment: Monitoring phenols from dye and pigment waste. Proceedings of the 37th Industrial Waste Conference, 37, 435-443.Title: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical EngineeringFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.-Geotech. Eng.JCR Abbreviated Title: P I Civil Eng-GeotecISSN: 1353-2618Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Thomas Telford Services LtdPublisher Address: Thomas Telford House, 1 Heron Quay, London, England E14 4JDSubject Categories: Engineering, Geological Geosciences, Interdisciplinary: Impact Factor? Blight, G.E. and Fourie, A.B. (1999), Leachate generation in landfills in semi-arid climates. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering, 137 (4), 181-188.Abstract: The very severe requirements for landfill underliners and leachate management systems that were prevalent in the early 1990s appear to be giving way to a more moderate view of the potential interaction between a landfill and its receiving environment. In particular, if it can be shown that a landfill will not represent a serious threat of harm to the environment, more recent sets of landfilling guidelines and proposed regulations relax the requirements for underliners and leachate management, This paper considers the characteristics of a landfill water balance in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions and then gives examples of landfills that produce very little leachate and those that produce no significant leachate. The influence of the held moisture capacity of a landfill in limiting leachate production is emphasized. On the basis of the available evidence, relaxation of standards for underliners and leachate collection systems can be fully justified in arid regions and many semi-arid regions.Title: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A-Journal of Power and EnergyFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A-Journal of Power and EnergyISO Abbreviated Title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power EnergyJCR Abbreviated Title: P I Mech Eng A-J PowISSN: 0957-6509Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Professional Engineering Publishing LtdPublisher Address: Northgate Avenue, Bury St Edmunds IP32 6BW, Suffolk, EnglandSubject Categories: Engineering, Mechanical: Impact Factor? May, H.O. (1994), A 3-dimensional numerical-model of a waste incinerator. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A-Journal of Power and Energy, 208 (A4), 237-247.Abstract: A three-dimensional simulation model of the secondary combustion chamber of a waste incineration plant is presented. The model is based on a set of partial differential equations governing the transport of mass, momentum and energy, together with additional equations modelling the turbulence, heat generation by reaction and radiative heat-transfer phenomena. Because it was not possible to resolve the burner region by a grid being fine enough to describe all details and to get a grid-independent solution, profile measurements were made in a pilot-scale combustion chamber using an isotypical liquid injection burner. These results were used in order to find the parameters of the whole simulation. In order to verify the simulation model some results are compared with measurements of temperature and residence-time distribution at a real incineration plant, and two models are given for the description of the burnout behaviour. Finally the non-isothermal model is discussed and a comparison is made between the isothermal model and the non-isothermal model.Title: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Public Economics and Management (ICPEM 2009), Vol 6 - Cost Benefits AnalysisFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Public Economics and Management (ICPEM 2009), Vol 6 - Cost Benefits AnalysisISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Yu, H.G. (2009), The citation analysis of the olympic SCI papers from 1990 to 2008. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Public Economics and Management (ICPEM 2009), Vol 6 - Cost Benefits Analysis, 242-245.Abstract: Thematic trends and challenging issues in Olympic research are analyzed based on the metadata of 1515 research papers indexed in Science Citation Index (SCI) database between 1990 and 2008. The following issues are specifically addressed as 1) all- time prominent challenges in Olympic research, 2) a trend of progression in Olympic research, 3) the structure and dynamics of the Olympic research community. Cite Space, a progressive domain visualization tool, is utilized to identify and visualize the movement of research fronts and intellectual bases, persistent clusters of papers, and the evolution of coauthor ship networks as well as citation networks. The result contributes an in depth analysis of a major forum of Olympic research and a systematic and streamlined method to keep abreast of the history and the state of the research of Olympic papers.Keywords: Citation, Citation Analysis, Citespace, Olympic Papers, Progressive Knowledge Domain Visualization, Research, SCI, Science, Science Citation IndexTitle: Proceeding of the Second International Congress on Surface ActivityElovitch, S.J. (1959), The nature of the chemisorption of carbon monoxide on manganese dioxide. in Proceeding of the Second International Congress on Surface Activity, (Edited by Schulman, J.H.), Academic Press, Inc, New York, 11, 252-259.Full Text: P\Pro Sec Int Con Sur Act11, 252.pdfTitle: Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation? Buter, R.K., Noyons, E.C.M. and Van Raan, A.F.J. (2004), A combination of quantitative and qualitative maps in an evaluative bibliometric context. Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation. IEEE Comput. Soc., 978-982, Los Alamitos, CA, USA.Abstract: Maps of science provide visualizations of scientific knowledge domains by quantitatively grouping elements from scientific papers. In evaluative bibliometric studies these quantitative maps have proven a useful tool Representation schemes such as mental maps or cognitive maps provide a tool to structure qualitative reasoning about, for instance, strategies, learning and politics. A combination of bibliometric maps with these qualitative structures may provide new ways for attacking science-policy related problems using bibliometric data. A design is presented on how to create, visualize and use the correspondence between elements in both types of maps.Title: Proceedings of the International Peat Congress(Int. Peat Congr. Proc.)Belkevich, P.I. and Gaiduk, K.A. (1972), Thermolysis of peat and its components. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 143-164.Józef, F. (1972), Investigations on peat utilization for the production of activated carbon. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 185-196.Ekman, E. and Komonen, P. (1972), Factors affecting the porosity of peat coke. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 203-212.Lalancette, J.M. and Coupal, B. (1972), Recovery of mercury from polluted water through peat treatment. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 213-217.Volarvich, M.P., Gamayunov, N.I. and Lishtvan, I.I. (1972), Investigation of physical and physico-choperties of pest. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 219-226.Majakova, E.F. and Proskurjakov, V.A. (1972), Some ways of complex chemical processing of peat. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 235-238.Farnham, R.S. and Brown, J.L. (1972), Advanced wastewater treatment using organic and inorganic materials. Part I. use of peat and peat-sand filtration media. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 271-286.Brown, J.L. and Farnham, R.S. (1972), Advanced wastewater treatment using organic and inorganic materials Part II. immobilization of phosphate by calcareous, mixed media filtration. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 289-298.Dufort, J. and Ruel, M. (1972), Peat moss as an adsorbing agent for the removal of coloring matter. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 299-310.? Silvo, O.E.J. (1972), Some experiments on purification of waste waters from slaughterhouses with sphagnum peat. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 311-318.Lakatos, B., Meisel, J., Mady, G., Vinkler, P. and Sipos, S. (1972), Physical and chemical properties of peat humic acide and their metal complexes. The Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress, (Otaniemi, Finland), 4, 341-353.? Asplund, D., Ekman, E. and Thun, R. (1972), Counter-current peat filtration of waste water. Proceedings of 4th International Peat Congress, 5, 358-371.? Illarionovich, B.P., Alexandrovna, G.K. and Romanovna, C.L. (1976), Peat and peatland in the natural environment protection: Possibility of using peat for the natural environment protection. Proceedings of 5th International Peat Congress, 1, 328-348.Sapek, M.B. (1976), Study on the copper sorption kinetics by peat-muck soils. Proceedings of 5th International Peat Congress, 2, 236-245.Bjelm, L. (1980), Geological interpretation with subsurface interface radar in peat lands. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 7-8.Bramryd, T. (1980), The role of peatlands for the global carbon dioxide balance. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 9-11.Cameron, C.C. (1980), Variety in United States peat deposits. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 12-15.Chai, X. (1980), Peat in China. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 16-20.Eggelsmann, R. (1980), Hydrological aspects of peatland utilization and conservation in northwestern Germany. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 28-30.Kivinen, E. (1980), New statistics on the utilization of peatlands in different countries. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 48-51.Lappalainen, E. (1980), The useful fuel peat resources in Finland. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 59-63.Markov, V.D. and Korol, N.T. (1980), USSR peat deposits and modern method of their exploration. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 68-70.Robinson, E. (1980), Peat as a fuel resource in Jamaica, West Indies. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 88-91.Chamberland, A., Chornet, E. and Coupal, B. (1980), Electrical power from Gasified peat. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 180-183.Ilmonen, T.A. and Astrom, L. (1980), Peat combustion technology in Finland. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 207-208.Ismail, A., Deter, S. and Tibbetts, T.E. (1980), Studies of peat-fired thermal stations in Canada. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 209-216.Kalmari, A. and Leino, P. (1980), Increasing economy of peat in energy production-a reality in Finland. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 228-231.Maly, J. and Sabri, Z. (1980), Methanol-based fuel from peat. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 263-271.Suoninen, A. (1980), Sod peat is again an economic fuel. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 350-353.Turnage, J., Mahayni, R., Layton, W. and Husseiny, A. (1980), Site selection of peat industries. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 354-356.Eger, P., Lapakko, K. and Otterson, P. (1980), Trace metal uptake by peat: Interaction of a white cedar bog and mining stockpile leachate. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 542-547.Glooschenko, W.A., Capobianco, J.A., Mayer, T. and Gregory, M. (1980), A comparison of wet and dry ashing methods for elemental analysis of peat and mosses. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 551-553.Hammer, D.E. and Kadlec, R.H. (1980), Ortho-phosphate adsorption of peat. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 563-569.Mathur, S.P. and Sanderson, R.B. (1980), Relationships between copper contents, rates of biodegradation and degradatitive enzyme activities of some cultivated organic soils in Ontario, Canada. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth, Minnesota, USA), 6th, 628-632.? Pakarinen, P., Tolonen, K. and Soveri, J. (1980), Distribution of trace metals and sulfur in the surface peat of Finnish raised bogs. Proceedings of the International Peat Congress (Duluth Minnesota, USA), 6th, 645-648.Barton, P., Buggy, M., Deane, S., Kelly, J. and Lyons, H.J. (1984), Some applications of Irish moss peat in effluent treatment. Proceedings of 7th International Peat Congress (Dublin, Ireland), 2, 148-156.Guliov, P. and Korpijaakko, E. (1984), Potential of peat as a domestic fule in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. Proceedings of 7th International Peat Congress (Dublin, Ireland), 2, 227-236.Lang, J.F. (1984), A review of the role of peat as a fule for generation of electricity in Ireland. Proceedings of 7th International Peat Congress (Dublin, Ireland), 2, 349-359.Oravainen, H. and Asplund, D. (1984), Peat pellets as a source of heat energy in Finland. Proceedings of 7th International Peat Congress (Dublin, Ireland), 2, 461-488.Panin, A.M. (1984), Formation and development of peat science and machinery in the USSR. Proceedings of 7th International Peat Congress (Dublin, Ireland), 2, 489-501.Wu, Q.H., Zhang, D.H. and Qin, W.D. (1984), Utilization of Chinese peats. Proceedings of 7th International Peat Congress (Dublin, Ireland), 2, 518-520.Zhipei, Z., Junlu, Y., Zengnui, W. and Piya, C. (1984), A preliminary study of the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cr6+, from wastewaters with several Chinese peats. Proceedings of 7th International Peat Congress (Dublin, Ireland), 3, 147-152.Title: Proceedings of IRNOP VII Project Research ConferenceFull Journal Title: Proceedings of IRNOP VII Project Research ConferenceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Bredillet, C.N. (2006), Investigating the Future of Project Management: A co-word analysis approach. Proceedings of IRNOP VII Project Research Conference, 477-497.Abstract: If Project Management (PM) is a well-accepted mode of managing organizations, more and more organizations are adopting PM in order to satisfy the diversified needs of application areas within a variety of industries and organizations. Concurrently, the number of PM practitioners and people involved at various level of qualification is vigorously rising. Thus the importance to characterize, define and understand this field and its underlying strength, basis and development is paramount. For this purpose we will referee to sociology of actor-networks and qualitative scientometrics leading to the choice of the co-word analysis method in enabling-us to capture the project management field and its dynamics. Results of a study based on the analysis of EBSCO Business Source Premier Database will be presented and some future trends and scenarios proposed. The main following trends are confirmed, in alignment with previous studies: continuous interest for the “cost engineering” aspects, on going interest for Economic aspects and contracts, how to deal with various project types (categorizations), the integration with Supply Chain Management and Learning and Knowledge Management Furthermore besides these continuous trends, we can note new areas of interest: the link between strategy and project, Governance, the importance of maturity (organizational performance and metrics, control) and Change Management. We see the actors (Professional Bodies, Governmental Bodies, Agencies, Universities, Industries, Researchers, and Practitioners) reinforcing. their competing/cooperative strategies in the development of standards and certifications and moving to more “business oriented” relationships with their members and main stakeholders (Governments, Institutions like European Community, Industries, Agencies, NGOs..), at least at central level.Keywords: Alignment, Analysis, Application, Approach, Choice, Co-Word Analysis, Contracts, Control, Development, Dynamics, Field, Integration, Management, Metrics, Mode, Needs, NGOs, Organizational, Performance, Purpose, Qualitative, Scenarios, Scientometrics, Sociology, Stakeholders, Standards, Strength, TrendsTitle: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Product Innovation ManagementFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Product Innovation ManagementISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Huang, L.C., Li, J. and Li, X. (2009), A bibliometric research on key technologies in the process of solar cell industrialization. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Product Innovation Management, 1-2, 316-322.Abstract: The key technology is found before the solar cell industrialization, which technical experts will be able to evaluate the degree of difficulty to solve the key technology and clear its technical obstacles. In this paper, the bibliometric analysis is used to study the key technology problems in the process of the solar cell industrialization. First of all, the use of the word frequency analysis of the literature keywords determine new technology library in the process of the solar cell industrialization. Secondly, the co-word analysis of key words is used to build the technology network of solar cell industrialization. Finally, the centrality index of technology network is used to obtain key technologies in the process of solar cell industrialization.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Industrialization, Key Technology, Solar CellsTitle: Proceedings of the Sixth (2005) Isope Ocean Mining SymposiumFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Sixth (2005) Isope Ocean Mining SymposiumISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title:ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Agrawal, A. and Sahu, K.K. (2005), Detoxification of cadmium from industrial effluents using solid waste generated after sea nodule processing. Proceedings of the Sixth (2005) Isope Ocean Mining Symposium, 246-250.Abstract: This paper deals with studies on the utilization of a solid waste generated during the recovery of copper, nickel and cobalt form polymetallic manganese nodules from Indian ocean, for the detoxification of industrial effluents/waste waters from cadmium for its safe disposal to the river or land. The influence of various parameters such as contact time, solution pH, and initial metal concentration in solution, temperature and adsorbent quantity, on cadmium removal were studied. The linear forms of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were utilized for experiments with metal concentrations of 200 mg/l for Cd(II) as functions of solution pH (2.0-6.0). First order rate equation and pseudo second order rate equations were applied to study adsorption kinetics. The adsorption capacity of sea nodule residue(SNR) was found to be 19.8 mg of Cd/g of SNR. Under the optimized conditions cadmium level was brought down from 100ppm to nil and 200ppm to 2ppm making wastewater safe for disposal. Desorption studies were also performed to see the elution of cadmium from the loaded adsorbent from the point of view of its recycling/safe disposal with or without treatment.Keywords: Adsorption, Cadmium, Sea Nodule Residue, Langmuir Model, Freundlich Model, Copper, Zinc, Equilibrium, Adsorption, Adsorbent, Sorption, Water, Ions, LeadTitle: Proceedings of the Joint US-Japan SeminarUniversity of Delaware, USA. Academic Press, Orlando. FL? Ogawa, K., Miganiski, T. and Hirano, S. (1984), In Advances in Chitin, Chitosan and Related Enzymes, X-Ray Diffraction Study on Chitosan-Metal Complexes. Proceedings of the Joint US-Japan Seminar, University of Delaware, USA. Academic Press, Orlando. FL, 327.Title: Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te AmsterdamFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te AmsterdamISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? van, d.W. and Gzn, N.Q. (1900), The determination of isothermals for mixtures of HCl and C2H6. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 2, 40-52.? Verschaffelt, J.E. (1900), On the critical isothermal line and the densities of saturated vapour and liquid in isopentane and carbon dioxide. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 2, 588-U36.? Schalkwijk, J.C. (1901), Precise isothermals. I. Measurements and calculations on the corrections of the mercury meniscus with standard manometers. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 3, 421-436.? Schalkwijk, J.C. (1901), Precise isothermals I Measurements and calculations on the corrections of the mercury measures with standard gas-manometers. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 3, 481-488.? Onnes, K. and Hyndman, H.H.F. (1901), Isothermals of diatomic gases and their binary mixtures I Piezometers of variable volume for low temperatures. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 3, 621-627.? Schalkwijk, C. (1902), Precise isothermals II Accuracy of the measurements of pressure by means of the open manometer Kamerlingh Onnes. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 4, 23-29.? Schalkwijk, J.C. (1902), Precise isothermals III A water-jacket of constant ordinary temperature. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 4, 29-35.? Schalkwijk, J.C. (1902), Precise isothermals IV The calibration of piczometer tubes. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 4, 35-41.? Schalkwijk, J.C. (1902), Precise isothermals V The isothermal of hydrogen at 20 degrees C up to 60 atmospheres. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 4, 107-124.? Kohnstamm, P.A. (1902), The shape of an empiric isothermal of a binary mixture. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 4, 320-326.? Onnes, H.K. and Hyndman, H.H.F. (1902), Isotherms of diatomic gases and their binary mixtures II The determination of density with the prezometer of variable volume for low temperatures. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 4, 761-767.Keywords: Isotherms? Onnes, H.K. and Hyndman, H.H.F. (1902), Communication n(o) 78b from the physical laboratory at Leiden “isotherms of diatomic gases and their binary mixtures III The isotherms of oxygen at 20 degrees 0 15 degrees C 0 degrees C”. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 4, 767-776.Keywords: Isotherms? Onnes, H.K. and Hyndman, H.H.F. (1902), Communication N-o 78(c) from the physical laboratory at Leiden “Isotherms of diatomic gases and their binary mixtures IV The compressibility of hydrogen at 0 degrees 0 C and 20 degrees 0 C. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 4, 776-780.? Onnes, H.K. and Hyndman, H.H.F. (1903), Isotherms of diatomic gases and their binary mixtures V An accurate volumenometer and mixing apparatus. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 5, A636-A642.Keywords: Isotherms? Keesom, W.H. (1904), Isothermals of mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. I. The calibration of manometer and piezometer tubes. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 6, 532-541.? Keesom, W.H. (1904), Isothermals of mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. II. The preparation of the mixtures and the compressibility at small densities. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 6, 541-554.? Keesom, W.H. (1904), Isothermals of mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. III. The determination of isothermals between 60 and 140 atmospheres, and between-15 degrees C and+60 degrees C. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 6, 554-565.? Keesom, W.H. (1904), Isothermals of mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. IV. Isothermals of pure carbon dioxide between 25 degrees C. and between 60 and 140 atmospheres. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 6, 565-577.? Keesom, W.H. (1904), Isothermals of mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. V. Isothermals of mixtures of the molecular compositions 0.1047 and 0.1994 of oxygen, and the comparison of them with those of pure carbon dioxide. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 6, 577-588.? Keesom, W.H. (1904), Isothermals of mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. V. Isothermals of mixtures of the molecular compositions 0.1047 and 0.1994 of oxygen, and the comparison of them with those of pure carbon dioxide. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 6, 588-593.? Keesom, W.H. (1904), Isothermals of mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. VI. Influence of gravitation on the phenomena in the neighbourhood of the plaitpoint for binary mixtures. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 6, 593-597.? van der Waals, J.D. (1907), The shape of the empiric isotherm for the condensation of a binary mixture. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 9, 750-753.Keywords: Isotherm? Onnes, H.K. and Braak, C. (1907), Isotherms of di-atomic gases and their binary mixtures. VI. Isotherms of hydrogen between-104 degrees C. and-217 degrees C. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie Van Wetenschappen Te Amsterdam, 9, 754-775.Keywords: IsothermsTitle: Proceedings of the 2008 Library Assessment Conference: Building Effective, Sustainable, Practical AssessmentFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 2008 Library Assessment Conference: Building Effective, Sustainable, Practical AssessmentISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Brennan, P. (2009), Research evaluation: Changing role for libraries? Proceedings of the 2008 Library Assessment Conference: Building Effective, Sustainable, Practical Assessment, 283-287.Abstract: A shift is underway in academic institutions where the library is increasingly playing a central role in research evaluation and performance assessment. This shift is more visible in countries where comprehensive national level assessments are being implemented but even in decentralized educational systems such as that found in the United States, the library is involved in new ways as the institution undergoes assessment and impact exercises. The library is being called on to extend its traditional service provider role of supplying information and collecting data for periodic reviews to now implementing tools and systems that enable systematic institution-wide evaluation processes. This change for the library reflects a broader trend in all aspects of managing academic institutions. Performance measurement is an important component in managing the academic enterprise though also one where few guidelines, standards, or best practices exist. Indeed approaches to research evaluation vary by discipline, type of institution, and across geographic boundaries. Thomson Reuters, Scientific, through the Science Citation Index, has been at the center of this evolution by providing traditional research impact and bibliometrics analyses and also by providing institutional data and analyses on institutional, journal, and author productivity and impact. This paper will look at some of the drivers that are causing the shift in focus and the changing role for libraries within the academic institution. It will describe some of the data and tools-traditional and emerging-that are available for monitoring and assessing research performance. Measures will be discussed in the context of the library and its role in evaluating the journal collection, tracking the output of the researchers, and assessing the overall impact of the institution. Summary data from recent TS studies will be presented.Keywords: Academic, Analyses, Assessing, Assessment, Assessments, Author Productivity, Best Practices, Bibliometrics, Boundaries, Change, Changing Role, Citation, Collection, Context, Data, Evaluation, Evolution, Exercises, Guidelines, Impact, Information, Institution, Institutional, Institutions, Journal, Measurement, Monitoring, National, Performance, Performance Measurement, Practices, Productivity, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Performance, Reviews, Role, Science, Science Citation Index, Service, Standards, Systematic, Systems, Trend, United StatesTitle: Proceedings: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering SciencesFull Journal Title: Proceedings: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorRose, N.L., Juggins, S. and Watt, J. (1996), Fuel-type characterization of carbonaceous fly-ash particles using EDS-derived surface chemistries and its application to particles extracted from lake sediments. Proceedings: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 452 (1947), 881-907.Full Text: P\Pro Mat Phy Eng Sci452, 881.pdfAbstract: Carbonaceous particles produced from the high temperature combustion of fossil fuels are found in high concentrations (e.g. more than 50 000 per gram dry mass, gDM-1) in the upper levels of lake sediment cores taken from regions of high acid deposition. The sediment record of these particles correlates well with the record of acidification as indicated by diatom analysis. The temporal distribution of particle concentrations in sediments follows consistent trends in lakes throughout Europe and has been used for indirect dating purposes. However, more information is available from particles extracted from lake sediments when their fuel-type is known. For example, potential sources of associated airborne pollutants can be determined and additional dates for sediment cores may possibly be obtained. This paper describes the development of a. carbonaceous particle characterization for oil and coal fuel-types, using surface chemistries determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDs). A reference dataset was produced using ashes obtained from power stations in the UK and Ireland. Linear discriminant function analysis of the EDs generated data produced a discrimination rule which allocated over 95% of the particles to the correct fuel-type under cross-validation. The technique was applied to carbonaceous particles extracted from a Pb-210-dated sediment core taken from a lake in North London. The results showed good agreement with known combustion history of coal and oil. The spatial distribution of characterized particles was also studied using surface sediments from lakes in Scotland, northern England and Northern Ireland. Above average concentrations of oil particles occurred around Glasgow, the east coast near Aberdeen and Galloway in the southwest. This suggests that the acidification of lochs in the Galloway area may partly relate to pollutants originating from oil-fired power stations in Northern Ireland. Attempts to use the characterization to identify power station sources was only partially successful. The range of chemistries in the present dataset do not include the full range produced from each individual power station as the fuels burnt at each station vary through time. Particles from peat combustion were included in a principal components analysis and show that the technique could be extended to include other fuel-types. This technique is applicable not only to particles stored in lake sediments, but also to particles collected in any environment, e.g. building stones, deposition gauges, soils, leaves, etc. and could be applied to a range of environmental questions in Britain, Europe and on a global scale.Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaISO Abbreviated Title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.JCR Abbreviated Title: P Natl Acad Sci USAISSN: 0027-8424Issues/Year: 26Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Natl Acad SciencesPublisher Address: 2101 Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20418Subject Categories: Multidisciplinary Sciences: Impact FactorLotka, A.J. (1920), Analytical note on certain rhythmic relations in organic systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 6 (7), 410-415.Full Text: -1959\PNAS6, 410.pdfLotka, A.J. (1921), Note on moving equilibra. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 7 (6), 168-172.Full Text: -1959\PNAS7, 168.pdfLotka, A.J. (1921), Note on the economic conversion factors of energy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 7 (7), 192-197.Full Text: -1959\PNAS7, 192.pdfLotka, A.J. (1922), Contribution to the energetics of evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 8 (6), 147-151.Full Text: -1959\PNAS8, 147.pdfLotka, A.J. (1922), Natural selection as a physical principle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 8 (6), 151-154.Full Text: -1959\PNAS8, 151.pdfLotka, A.J. (1922), The stability of the normal age distribution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 8 (11), 339-345.Full Text: -1959\PNAS8, 339.pdfLotka, A.J. (1923), Note on the relative abundance of the elements the earth’s crust. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 9 (3), 87-90.Full Text: -1959\PNAS9, 87.pdfLotka, A.J. (1928), Sterility in American marriages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 14 (1), 99-109.Full Text: -1959\PNAS14, 99.pdfLotka, A.J. (1929), Biometric functions in a population growing in accordance with a prescribed law. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 15 (10), 793-798.Full Text: -1959\PNAS15, 793.pdfLotka, A.J. (1932), Contribution to the mathematical theory capture I Conditions for capture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 18 (2), 172-178.Full Text: -1959\PNAS18, 172.pdfNotes: highly cited? Dickey, F.H. (1949), The preparation of specific adsorbents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 35 (5), 227-229.Full Text: -1959\PNAS35, 227.pdfNotes: highly cited, MModel? Rosenstock, H.M., Wallenstein, M.B., Wahrhaftig, A.L. and Eyring, H. (1952), Absolute rate theory for isolated systems and the mass spectra of polyatomic molecules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 38 (8), 667-678.Full Text: -1959\PNAS38, 227.pdf? Baron, L.S., Carey, W.F. and Spilman, W.M. (1959), Genetic recombination between escherichia-coli and salmonella-typhimurium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 45 (7), 976-984.Full Text: -1959\PNAS45, 976.pdfNotes: highly cited? Sj?gren, H.O., Hellstr?m, I. Bansal, S.C. and Hellstr?m, K.E. (1971), Suggestive evidence that blocking-antibodies of tumor-bearing individuals may be antigen-antibody complexes (moloney sarcoma/methylcholanthrene-induced/adsorption/elution). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 68 (6), 1372-1375.Full Text: 1960-80\PNAS7168, 1372.pdfAbstract: Sera from mice carrying progressively growing sarcomas induced by Moloney virus or methylcholanthrene can block the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes immune to the tumor-specific antigens of the respective neoplasms. The blocking effect can be specifically removed by absorbing sera with the respective types of tumor cells, and it can be recovered from these cells by elution at low pH. If the low pH is maintained, it is possible to separate out a low and a high molecular weight fraction from the eluates. If the fractions are added to the target cells for 45 minutes and then removed, neither of these fractions can block lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, while a 1:1 mixture of them has a specific blocking effect. If they are admixed with the lymphocytes, incubated for 1 hr, and then allowed to incubate with the target cells and lymphocytes during the entire 2 days of the test, the low molecular weight fraction, as well as the mixture, but not the high molecular weight fraction, has a blocking activity. It is suggested that the blocking factor in sera from tumor- bearing animals, as regularly tested, is an antigenantibody complex, capable of binding to the target cells and/or reacting with lymphocytes immune to their antigens, thus blocking the lymphocytes’ reactivity; the latter reaction is postulated to be of a temporary nature.Notes: highly cited? Hamberg, M., Svensson, J. and Samuelss, B. (1974), Prostaglandin endoperoxides: New concept concerning mode of action and release of prostaglandins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 71 (10), 3824-3828.Full Text: 1960-80\PNAS71, 3824.pdfAbstract: Methods were developed for quantitative determination of the three major metabolites of arachidonic acid in human platelets, i.e., 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and 8-(1-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)-9,12L-dihydroxy-5,10-heptadecadienoic acid (PHD). Aggregation of washed platelets by thrombin was accompanied by release of 1163-2175 ng/ml of HETE, 1129-2430 ng/ml of HHT, and 998-2299 ng/ml of PHD. The amount of PGG2 (prostaglandin G2) produced as calculated from the sum of the amounts of its metabolites (HHT and PHD) was 2477-5480 ng/ml. In contrast, the amounts of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) and PGF2α (prostaglandin F2α) released were approximately two orders of magnitude lower. In this system, the prostaglandins thus exert their biological action through the endoperoxides, which are almost exclusively metabolized to nonprostanoate structures and only to a small extent to the classical prostaglandins. Platelets from subjects given aspirin produced less than 5% of the above mentioned amounts of HHT and PHD, whereas the production of HETE was stimulated about 3-fold. This provides additional evidence for our earlier proposal [Hamberg, M., Svensson, J., Wakabayashi, T. & Samuelsson, B. (1974) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 345-349] that the anti-aggregating effect of aspirin is through inhibition of PGG2 formation.Notes: highly cited, 64360 times 21/07/2011, The top 4th in the worldFrederick Sanger is an English biochemist and a two-time Nobel laureate in chemistry in 1958 and 1980.? Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. and Coulson, A.R. (1977), DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 74 (12), 5463-5467.Full Text: 1960-80\PNAS74, 5463.pdfAbstract: DNA is described. It is similar to the ‘plus and minus’ method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94,441-4481 but makes use of the 2’,3’-dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage 4bX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.Notes: The most cited 48073 times 08/04/06? Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. (1979), Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets - procedure and some applications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 76 (9), 4350-4354.Full Text: 1960-80\PNAS74, 4350.pdfAbstract: A method has been devised for the electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets. The method results in quantitative transfer of ribosomal proteins from gels containing urea. For sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the original band pattern was obtained with no loss of resolution, but the transfer was not quantitative. The method allows detection of proteins by autoradiography and is simpler than conventional procedures. The immobilized proteins were detectable by immunological procedures. All additional binding capacity on the nitrocellulose was blocked with excess protein; then a specific antibody was bound and, finally, a second antibody directed against the first antibody. The second antibody was either radioactively labeled or conjugated to fluorescein or to peroxidase. The specific protein was then detected by either autoradiography, under UV light, or by the peroxidase reaction product, respectively. In the latter case, as little as 100 pg of protein was clearly detectable. It is anticipated that the procedure will be applicable to analysis of a wide variety of proteins with specific reactions or ligands.? Oseroff, A.R., Ohuoha, D., Ara, G., Mcauliffe, D., Foley, J. and Cincotta, L. (1986), Intramitochondrial dyes allow selective in vitro photolysis of carcinoma cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 83 (24), 9729-9733.Full Text: 1986\PNAS83, 9729.pdfAltura, B.T., Brust, M., Bloom, S., Barbour, R.L., Stempak, J.G. and Altura, B.M. (1990), Magnesium dietary-intake modulates blood lipid-levels and atherogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87 (5), 1840-1844.Full Text: P\PNAS93, 1840.pdfAbstract: In this study, we have examined the effects of variation in dietary Mg on the atherogenic process. Oral supplementation of rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet (1% or 2%) with the Mg salt magnesium aspartate hydrochloride (Magnesiocard) (i) lowers the level of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in normal (25-35%) as well as atherosclerotic (20-40%) animals and (II) attenuates the atherosclerotic process markedly. In addition, we found that dietary deficiency of Mg augments atherogenesis markedly and stimulates (or activates) macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. Evidence is presented to indicate that the hypercholesterolemic state may cause the loss of Mg from soft tissues to the serum, thereby masking an underlying Mg deficiency.Notes: highly cited? Arispe, N., Rojas, E. and Pollard, H.B. (1993), Alzheimer disease amyloid protein forms calcium channels in bilayer membranes: Blockade by tromethamine and aluminum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90 (2), 567-571.Full Text: 1993\PNAS90, 567.pdfAbstract: Amyloid beta protein (AbetaP) is the 40- to 42-residue polypeptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. We have incorporated this peptide into phosphatidylserine liposomes and then fused the liposomes with a planar bilayer. When incorporated into bilayers the AbetaP forms channels, which generate linear current-voltage relationships in symmetrical solutions. A permeability ratio, P(K)/P(Cl), Of 11 for the open AbetaP channel was estimated from the reversal potential of the channel current in asymmetrical KCl solutions. The permeability sequence for different cations, estimated from the reversal potential of the AbetaP-channel current for each system of asymmetrical solutions, is P(Cs) > P(Li) > P(Ca) greater-than-or-equal-to P(K) > P(Na). AbetaP-channel current (either Cs+ or Ca2+ as charge carriers) is blocked reversibly by tromethamine (millimolar range) and irreversibly by Al3+ (micromolar range). The inhibition of the AbetaP-channel current by these two substances depends on transmembrane potential, suggesting that the mechanism of blockade involves direct interaction between tromethamine (or Al3+) and sites within the AbetaP channel. Hitherto, AbetaP has been presumed to be neurotoxic. On the basis of the present data we suggest that the channel activity of the polypeptide may be responsible for some or all of its neurotoxic effects. We further propose that a useful strategy for drug discovery for treatment of Alzheimer disease may include screening compounds for their ability to block or otherwise modify AbetaP channels.Keywords: Cation Channel, Phospholipid Bilayer, Aggregation, Precursor, Dementia, Brain, CDNA, GeneNotes: highly cited? Wong, I. and Lohman, T.M. (1993), A double-filter method for nitrocellulose-filter binding: Application to protein-nucleic acid interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90 (12), 5428-5432.Full Text: 1993\PNAS90, 5428.pdfAbstract: Nitrocellulose-filter binding is a powerful technique commonly used to study protein-nucleic acid interactions; however, its utility in quantitative studies is often compromised by its lack of precision. To improve precision and accuracy, we have introduced two modifications to the traditional technique: the use of a 96-well dot-blot apparatus and the addition of a DEAE membrane beneath the nitrocellulose membrane. Using the dot-blot apparatus, an entire triplicate set of data spanning 20-24 titrant concentrations can be collected on a single 4.5 x 5 inch sheet of nitrocellulose, obviating the need to manipulate separate filters for each titration point. The entire titration can then be quantitated simultaneously with direct two-dimensional beta-emission imaging technology. The DEAE second membrane traps all DNA that does not bind to the nitrocellulose, enabling a direct determination of the total amount of DNA filtered. This measurement improves precision by allowing the amount of DNA retained by the nitrocellulose to be normalized against the total amount of DNA filtered. The DEAE membrane also permits a more accurate quantitation of filter-retention efficiency and nonspecific background retention based on free DNA rather than total DNA filtered. The general approach and methods of analysis to obtain equilibrium binding isotherms are discussed, using as examples our studies of the Escherichia coli Rep protein, a helicase, and its interactions with short oligodeoxynucleotides.Keywords: Assay, Coli Rna-Polymerase, Deoxyribonucleic-Acid, DNA Interactions, DNA Protein Interactions, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Binding, Escherichia Coli, Footprint Titration, Isotherms, Kinetics, Promoter, Repressor-Operator InteractionNotes: highly cited? Ames, B.N., Shigenaga, M.K. and Hagen, T.M. (1993), Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90 (17), 7915-7922.Full Text: 1993\PNAS90, 7915.pdfAbstract: Metabolism, like other aspects of life, involves tradeoffs. Oxidant by-products of normal metabolism cause extensive damage to DNA, protein, and lipid. We argue that this damage (the same as that produced by radiation) is a major contributor to aging and to degenerative diseases of aging such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune-system decline, brain dysfunction, and cataracts. Antioxidant defenses against this damage include ascorbate, tocopherol, and carotenoids. Dietary fruits and vegetables are the principal source of ascorbate and carotenoids and are one source of tocopherol. Low dietary intake of fruits and vegetables doubles the risk of most types of cancer as compared to high intake and also markedly increases the risk of heart disease and cataracts. Since only 9% of Americans eat the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, the opportunity for improving health by improving diet is great.Keywords: Aging, Ascorbic-Acid Protects, Cancer, Cell-Mediated-Immunity, Endogenous DNA Adducts, Fruits, Helicobacter-Pylori Infection, Hepatitis-C Virus, Ischemic-Heart-Disease, Low-Density-Lipoprotein, Mutation, N-Nitroso Compounds, Nitric-Oxide, Oxidative DNA Damage, Oxygen Radicals, Vegetables, Vitamin-E? Lorenzo, A. and Yankner, B.A. (1994), Beta-amyloid neurotoxicity requires fibril formation and is inhibited by Congo red. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91 (25), 12243-12247.Full Text: 1994\PNAS91, 12243.pdfAbstract: Beta-Amyloid (beta A) is normally produced as a nontoxic soluble peptide. In Alzheimer disease, beta A aggregates and accumulates in the brain as inert diffuse plaques or compact plaques associated with neurodegenerative changes. To determine the relationship of neurotoxicity to the physical state of beta A, we created (i) nonamyloidogenic amorphous aggregates of beta A [amorphous beta A (Am-beta A)] analogous to diffuse plaques and (II) amyloidogenic fibrils of beta A [fibrillar beta A (Fib-beta A)] analogous to compact plaques. In primary rat hippocampal culture, Fib-beta A was neurotoxic, whereas Am-beta A was not toxic. Fib-beta A caused significant loss of synapses in viable neurons, while Am-beta A had no effect on synapse number. The amyloid fibril-binding dye Congo red inhibited Fib-beta A neurotoxicity by inhibiting fibril formation or by binding to preformed fibrils. Congo red also inhibited the pancreatic islet cell toxicity of diabetes-associated amylin, another type of amyloid fibril. These results indicate that beta A neurotoxicity requires fibril formation. These findings and our previous demonstration that amylin fibrils are toxic suggest that a common cytopathic effect of amyloid fibrils may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and other amyloidoses.Keywords: Alzheimer Disease, Synapse Loss, Amylin, Diabetes, Alzheimers-Disease, Diffuse Plaques, Protein, Peptide, Invitro, CoresNotes: highly cited? Diatchenko, L., Lau, Y.F.C., Campbell, A.P., Chenchik, A., Moqadam, F., Huang, B., Lukyanov, S., Lukyanov, K., Gurskaya, N., Sverdlov, E.D. and Siebert, P.D. (1996), Suppression subtractive hybridization: A method for generating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93 (12), 6025-6030.Full Text: 1996\PNAS93, 6025.pdfAbstract: A mew and highly effective method, termed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), has been developed for the generation of subtracted cDNA libraries, It is based primarily on a recently described technique called suppression PCR and combines normalization and subtraction in a single procedure. The normalization step equalizes the abundance of cDNAs within the target population and the subtraction step excludes the common sequences between the target and driver populations. In a model system, the SSH technique enriched for rare sequences over 1,000-fold in one round of subtractive hybridization. We demonstrate its usefulness by generating a testis-specific cDNA library and by using the subtracted cDNA mixture as a hybridization probe to identify homologous sequences in a human Y chromosome cosmid library, The human DNA inserts in the isolated cosmids were further confirmed to be expressed in a testis-specific manner. Those results suggest that the SSH technique is applicable to many molecular genetic and positional cloning studies for the identification of disease, developmental, tissue-specific, or other differentially expressed genes.Keywords: Chromosome, Cloning, Gene, Multidisciplinary, PCR, RNA, SCI, Science, SciencesAdams, J. and Griliches, Z. (1996), Measuring science: An exploration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 12664-12670.Full Text: P\PNAS93, 12664.pdfAbstract: This paper examines the available United States data on academic research and development (R&D) expenditures and the number of papers published and the number of citations to these papers as possible measures of ‘output’ of this enterprise. We look at these numbers for science and engineering as a whole, for five selected major fields, and at the individual university field level. The published data in Science and Engineering Indicators imply sharply diminishing returns to academic R&D using published papers as an ‘output’ measure. These data are quite problematic. Using a newer set of data on papers and citations, based on an ‘expanding’ set of journals and the newly released Bureau of Economic Analysis R&D deflators, changes the picture drastically, eliminating the appearance of diminishing returns but raising the question of why the input prices of academic R&D are rising so much faster than either the gross domestic product deflator or the implicit R&D deflator in industry. A production function analysis of such data at the individual field level follows. It indicates significant diminishing returns to ‘own’ R&D, with the R&D coefficients hovering around 0.5 for estimates with paper numbers as the dependent variable and around 0.6 if total citations are used as the dependent variable. When we substitute scientists and engineers in place of R&D as the right-hand side variables, the coefficient on papers rises from 0.5 to 0.8, and the coefficient on citations rises from 0.6 to 0.9, indicating systematic measurement problems with R&D as the sole input into the production of scientific output. But allowing for individual university field effects drives these numbers down significantly below unity. Because in the aggregate both paper numbers and citations are growing as fast or faster than R&D, this finding can be interpreted as leaving a major, yet unmeasured, role for the contribution of spillovers from other fields, other universities, and other countries.Labandeira, C.C. and Phillips, T.L. (1996), A Carboniferous insect gall: Insight into early ecologic history of the Holometabola. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93 (16), 8470-8474.Full Text: P\PNAS93, 8470.pdfAbstract: Although the prevalence or even occurrence of insect herbivory during the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) has been questioned, we present the earliest-known ecologic evidence showing that by Late Pennsylvanian times (302 million years ago) a larva of the Holometabola was galling the internal tissue of Psaronius tree-fern fronds. Several diagnostic cellular and histological features of these petiole galls have been preserved in exquisite detail, including an excavated axial lumen filled with fecal pellets and comminuted frass, plant-produced response tissue surrounding the lumen, and specificity by the larval herbivore for a particular host species and tissue type. Whereas most suggestions overwhelmingly support the evolution of such intimate and reciprocal plant-insect interactions 175 million Sears later, we provide documentation that before the demise of Pennsylvanian age coal-swamp forests, a highly stereotyped life cycle, vas already established between an insect that was consuming internal plant tissue and a vascular plant host responding to that herbivory. This and related discoveries of insect herbivore consumption of Psaronius tissues indicate that modern-style herbivores were established in Late Pennsylvanian coal-swamp forests.Keywords: Pennsylvanian, Marattiales, Psaronius, Herbivory, Plant-Insect Interaction, Hymenoptera, Evolution, DipteraSiebert, P.D. and Huang, B.C.B. (1997), Identification of an alternative form of human lactoferrin mRNA that is expressed differentially in normal tissues and tumor-derived cell lines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94 (6), 2198-2203.Full Text: P\PNAS94, 2198.pdfAbstract: Lactoferrin (LF), traditionally known as an iron-binding protein present in high concentrations in milk and various secretions, has emerged as a multifunctional protein involved in many aspects of the host defense against infection, Recently, LF has been shown to inhibit the growth of solid tumors and reduce experimental metastasis in mice, suggesting that LF also mag play a role in the defense against tumorigenesis. Here we provide the sequence of the cDNA and promoter region, the chromosome assignment, and tissue expression pattern of a novel form of LF mRNA (Delta LF), The sequence of Delta LF mRNA is nearly identical to that of LF mRNA, however, at the 5’ end, me find a novel sequence that replaces the N-terminal signal peptide sequence of LF mRNA, We map the Delta LF mRNA to human chromosome 3 and find that both Delta LF and LF sequences colocalize to the same cloned 90-to 150-kb genomic DNA fragment. We further show that the Delta LF mRNA is the product of alternative splicing of the LF gene and likely is specified by use of an alternative promoter, Although me find Delta LF mRNA at various levels in 20 of 20 adult and fetal human tissues, me do not find Delta LF mRNA in any of 14 diverse tumor-derived cell lines.Keywords: Signal Peptide, Alternative Splicing, Cancer Susceptibility Gene, Breast-Cancer, Distinct Forms, Messenger-RNA, Growth-Factor, Genomic DNA, Proteins, Iron, Site, ProliferationSilberstein, G.B., Horn, K.V., Strickland, P., Roberts, Jr., C.T. and Daniel, C.W. (1997), Altered expression of the WT1 Wilms tumor suppressor gene in human breast cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94 (15), 8132-8137.Full Text: P\PNAS94, 8132.pdfAbstract: The product of the WT1 Wilms tumor suppressor gene controls the expression of genes encoding components of the insulin-like growth factor and transforming growth factor signaling systems, The role of these growth factors in breast tumor growth led us to investigate possible WT1 gene expression in normal and cancerous breast tissue, WT1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in the normal mammary duct and lobule, and the patterns of expression were consistent with developmental regulation, In a survey of 21 infiltrating tumors, 40% lacked immunodetectable WT1 altogether and an additional 28% were primarily WT1-negative. Cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, localization of WT1 was noted in some tumor cells and WT1 mas detected, sometimes at. high levels, in more-advanced estrogen-receptor-negative tumors, In this highly malignant subset, the tumor suppressor protein p53, which can physically interact with WT1, was also sometimes detected, WT1 mRNA was detected in normal and tumor tissue bg reverse transcription-coupled PCR, Alternative splicing of the WT1 mRNA may regulate gene targeting of the WT1 protein through changes either in its regulatory or zinc-finger domains, The relative proportions of WT1 mRNA splice variants were altered in a random sample of breast tamers, providing evidence that different tumors mag share a common WT1-related defect resulting in altered regulation of target genes.Keywords: Growth-Factor-, Transcription Factor, Extracellular-Matrix, IGF-I, Repression, Receptor, Product, Morphogenesis, Inhibition, PromoterNotes: highly cited? Cho, Z.H., Chung, S.C., Jones, J.P., Park, J.B., Park, H.J., Lee, H.J., Wong, E.K. and Min, B.I. (1998), New findings of the correlation between acupoints and corresponding brain cortices using functional MRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 (5), 2670-2673.Full Text: 1998\PNAS95, 2670.pdfAbstract: A preliminary study of the correlation between acupuncture points (acupoints) for the treatment of eye disorders suggested by ancient Oriental literature and the corresponding brain localization for vision described by Western medicine was performed by using functional MRI (fMRI), The vision-related acupoint (VA1) is located in the lateral aspect of the foot, and when acupuncture stimulation is performed there, activation of occipital lobes is seen by fMRI. Stimulation of the eye by directly using light results in similar activation in the occipital lobes by fMRI, The experiment was conducted by using conventional checkerboard 8-Hz light-flash stimulation of the eye and observation of the time-course data, This was follow ed by stimulation of the VA1 by using the same time-course paradigm as visual light stimulation, Results obtained with 12 volunteers yielded very clean data and very close correlations between visual and acupuncture stimulation. We have also stimulated nonacupoints 2 to 5 cm away from the vision-related acupoints on the foot as a control, and activation in the occipital lobes was not observed, The results obtained demonstrate the correlation between activation of specific areas of brain cortices and corresponding acupoint stimulation predicted by ancient acupuncture literature.Keywords: Acupuncture, MRI, Correlation Between Visual and Acupuncture Stimulation, Human Visual-Cortex, Sensory Stimulation, EPI? Kissebah, A.H., Sonnenberg, G.E., Myklebust, J., Goldstein, M., Broman, K., James, R.G., Marks, J.A., Krakower, G.R., Jacob, H.J., Weber, A., Martin, L., Blangero, J. and Comuzzie, A.G. (2000), Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 17 influence phenotypes of the metabolic syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97 (26), 14478-14483.Full Text: 2000\PNAS97, 14478.pdfAbstract: Recent research has emphasized the importance of the metabolic cluster, which includes glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, as a strong predictor of the obesity-related morbidities and premature mortality. Fundamental to this association, commonly referred to as the metabolic syndrome, is the close interaction between abdominal fat patterning, total body adiposity, and insulin resistance. As the initial step in identifying major genetic loci influencing these phenotypes, we performed a genomewide scan by using a 10-centiMorgan map in 2,209 individuals distributed over 507 nuclear Caucasian families. Pedigree-based analysis using a variance components linkage model demonstrated a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3 (3q27) strongly linked to six traits representing these fundamental phenotypes [logarithm of odds (lod) scores ranged from 2.4 to 3.5]. This QTL exhibited possible epistatic interaction with a second QTL on chromosome 17 (17p12) strongly linked to plasma leptin levels (lod = 5.0). Situated at these epistatic QTLs are candidate genes likely to influence two biologic precursor pathways of the metabolic syndrome.Keywords: Body-Fat Distribution, Serum Leptin Levels, Linkage Analysis, Susceptibility Locus, Insulin-Resistance, Genetic-Linkage, Human Obesity, CdNa Cloning, Pima-Indians, ReceptorCarlson, J.M. and Doyle, J. (2002), Complexity and robustness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99 (3), 2538-2545.Full Text: P\PNAS99, 2538.pdfAbstract: Highly optimized tolerance (HOT) was recently introduced as a conceptual framework to study fundamental aspects of complexity. HOT is motivated primarily by systems from biology and engineering and emphasizes, (i) highly structured, nongeneric, self-dissimilar internal configurations, and (II) robust yet fragile external behavior. HOT claims these are the most important features of complexity and not accidents of evolution or artifices of engineering design but are inevitably intertwined and mutually reinforcing. In the spirit of this collection, our paper contrasts HOT with alternative perspectives on complexity, drawing on real-world examples and also model systems, particularly those from self-organized criticality.? Hirsch, J.E. (2005), An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102 (46), 16569-16572.Full Text: 2005\PNAS102, 16569.pdfAbstract: I propose the index h, defined as the number of papers with citation number >= h, as a useful index to characterize the scientific output of a researcher.Keywords: Citation, Research, Scientific Output, Scientific Research? Kinney, A.L. (2007), National scientific facilities and their science impact on nonbiomedical research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 (46), 17943-17947.Full Text: 2007\PNAS104, 17943.pdfAbstract: The “h index” proposed by Hirsch [Hirsch JE (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:16569-16573] is a good indicator of the impact of a scientist’s research and has the advantage of being objective. When evaluating departments, institutions, or laboratories, the importance of the h index can be further enhanced when it is properly calibrated for the size of the group. Particularly acute is the issue of federally funded facilities whose number of actively publishing scientists frequently dwarfs that of academic departments. Recently, Molinari and Molinari [Molinari JF, Molinari A (2008) Scientometrics, in press] developed a methodology that shows that the h index has a universal growth rate for large numbers of papers, allowing for meaningful comparisons between institutions. An additional challenge when comparing large institutions is that fields have distinct internal cultures, with different typical rates of publication and citation; biology is more highly cited than physics, for example. For this reason, the present study has focused on the physical sciences, engineering, and technology and has excluded biomedical research. Comparisons between individual disciplines are reported here to provide a framework. Generally, it was found that the universal growth rate of Molinari and Molinari holds well across the categories considered, testifying to the robustness of both their growth law and our results. The goal here is to set the highest standard of comparison for federal investment in science. Comparisons are made of the nation’s preeminent private and public institutions. We find that many among the national science facilities compare favorably in research impact with the nation’s leading universities.Keywords: Biology, Biomedical, Biomedical Research, Citation, Comparison, Facilities, Federally Funded Facilities, Framework, Growth, Growth Rate, h Index, h-Index, Indicator, Institutions, Law, Methodology, Papers, Physical Sciences, Publication, Publishing, Research, Science, Science Metrics, Sciences, Scientometrics, Size, Standard, Technology, Universities, USANotes: highly cited? Hirsch, J.E. (2007), Does the h index have predictive power? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 (49), 19193-19198.Full Text: 2007\PNAS104, 19193.pdfAbstract: Bibliometric measures of individual scientific achievement are of particular interest if they can be used to predict future achievement. Here we report results of an empirical study of the predictive power of the h index compared with other indicators. Our findings indicate that the h index is better than other indicators considered (total citation count, citations per paper, and total paper count) in predicting future scientific achievement. We discuss reasons for the superiority of the h index.Keywords: Achievement, Citation, Citations, h Index, h-Index, Indicators, Prediction, Scientists? Radicchi, F., Fortunato, S. and Castellano, C. (2008), Universality of citation distributions: Toward an objective measure of scientific impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105 (45), 17268-17272.Full Text: 2008\PNAS105, 17268.pdfAbstract: We study the distributions of citations received by a single publication within several disciplines, spanning broad areas of science. We show that the probability that an article is cited c times has large variations between different disciplines, but all distributions are rescaled on a universal curve when the relative indicator c(f) = c/c(0) is considered, where c(0) is the average number of citations per article for the discipline. In addition we show that the same universal behavior occurs when citation distributions of articles published in the same field, but in different years, are compared. These findings provide a strong validation of cf as an unbiased indicator for citation performance across disciplines and years. Based on this indicator, we introduce a generalization of the h index suitable for comparing scientists working in different fields.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Analysis, h Index, Scientometric Indicators, Field-Normalization, Cross-Field, h-Index, Science, Publication, Performance, Output, Power, Model? Peterson, G.J., Presse, S. and Dill, K.A. (2010), Nonuniversal power law scaling in the probability distribution of scientific citations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107 (37), 16023-16027.Full Text: 2010\PNAS107, 16023.pdfAbstract: We develop a model for the distribution of scientific citations. The model involves a dual mechanism: in the direct mechanism, the author of a new paper finds an old paper A and cites it. In the indirect mechanism, the author of a new paper finds an old paper A only via the reference list of a newer intermediary paper B, which has previously cited A. By comparison to citation databases, we find that papers having few citations are cited mainly by the direct mechanism. Papers already having many citations (“classics”) are cited mainly by the indirect mechanism. The indirect mechanism gives a power-law tail. The “tipping point” at which a paper becomes a classic is about 25 citations for papers published in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science database in 1981, 31 for Physical Review D papers published from 1975-1994, and 37 for all publications from a list of high h-index chemists assembled in 2007. The power-law exponent is not universal. Individuals who are highly cited have a systematically smaller exponent than individuals who are less cited.Keywords: Author, Citation, Citations, Companies, Cumulative Advantage, Databases, Evolution, Fluctuations, Graph Theory, h Index, h-Index, Highly-Cited, ISI, Master Equation, Mechanism, Model, Networks, Papers, Preferential Attachment, Publications, Review, Science, Scientific Information, Web of Science, Zipfs LawTitle: Proceedings of the 2009 Second Pacific-Asia Conference on Web Mining and Web-Based ApplicationFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the 2009 Second Pacific-Asia Conference on Web Mining and Web-Based ApplicationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Wu, C.Z., Lei, H., Yan, X.P. and Zhou, F. (2009), Data mining for bibliometric analysis of traffic flow. in Proceedings of the 2009 Second Pacific-Asia Conference on Web Mining and Web-Based Application, (Edited by Tian, X. and Qi, L.), Wuhan, China, 28-31.Abstract: The quantitative analyses of the traffic flow research performance was made based on 3870 papers published in Science Citation Index(expanded) -indexed periodicals from 1976 to 2005. Bradford’s law was used to find the core journals of traffic flow. The total impact factor was proposed to evaluate the contribution of authors. Annual production, document type, language distribution of publications, page count, number of references, geographical distribution of research output, and key words in traffic flow filed were performed. The results indicated that English was the dominant language; eight-page papers (347, 8.97%) dominated most of the documents; the average documents published per journal was 3.79; collaboration of one to four authors was the most popular level of co-authorship; the most prolific author was Nagatani,T with 112.435 total impact factor; the authors came from 84 countries; USA is the top producing country with 1359 publications of the total output; there were eight keywords with frequency over 100 times; the highest frequency keyword was traffic flow with 378(12.52%).Keywords: Data Mining in Transportation, Traffic Flow, Bibliometric Analysis, Transportation, Quantitative Analyses, Model, InformationTitle: Proceedings of 2nd Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and TechnologyFull Journal Title: Proceedings of 2nd Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and TechnologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Cheung, C.W., Choy, K.H., Porter, J.F. and McKay, G. (2000), Combined diffusion model for batch adsorption. in Proceedings of 2nd Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and Technology, (Edited by Do, D.D.), The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia, 426-430.Abstract: Adsorption now plays a key role in environmental protection engineering and is used to remove pollutants from industrial effluents. The removal of acid dye by adsorption onto activated carbon and the removal of copper ions by sorption onto bone char have been studied using an agitated batch adsorber. Equilibrium studies have been carried out and rate processes have been investigated to study the effect of initial solute concentration and adsorbent mass. A diffusional mass transport model has been developed to predict the concentration versus time decay curves. The basis of the model is the shrinking core theory [1, 5], which was originally applied to liquid phase systems [2, 3, 4] and based on determining a single effective diffusivity, D-eff. The model applied in the present paper analyses the role of D-eff in terms of pore, D-P, and surface, D-S, diffusion.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Pore DiffusionTitle: Proceedings of the Physical Society of LondonFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Physical Society of LondonISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Inglis, J.K.H. (1907), The isothermal distillation of nitrogen and oxygen and of argon and oxygen. Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, 20, 0152-0172.Title: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy(Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., R.I.C. Centenary Edition)Full Journal Title: Proceedings of the Royal Irish AcademyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact FactorPoots, V.J.P. and McKay, G. (1977), Diffusion of dyestuffs on peat. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 47, 539-546.? Al-Duri, B. and McKay, G. (1990), Equilibrium studies for the adsorption of basic dyes on carbon. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section B-Biological Geological and Chemical Science, 90, 33-43.? Al-Duri, B. and McKay, G. (1990), External mass transport during dye adsorption onto carbon. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section B-Biological Geological and Chemical Science, 90, 45-56.Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of LondonContinues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vols. 7 - 75 (1854-1905)Continues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, Vols. 76 - 146 (1905-1934)Full Journal Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical CharacterISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0370-1662Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Brown, H.T. and Escombe, F. (1902), The influence of varying amounts of carbon dioxide in the air on the photosynthetic process of leaves and on the mode of growth of plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 70 (464), 397-413.Full Text: -1959\Pro Roy Soc Lon70, 397.pdfTitle: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering SciencesContinues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, Vols. 76 - 146 (1905-1934)Continues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vols. 147 - 429 (1934-1990)Full Journal Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: P Roy Soc Lond A MatISSN: 1364-5021Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Royal Soc LondonPublisher Address: 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, EnglandSubject Categories: Multidisciplinary Sciences: Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Jahn, H.A. and Teller, E. (1937), Stability of polyatomic molecules in degenerate electronic states. I. Orbital degeneracy. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 161 (905), 220-235.Full Text: -1959\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A161, 220.pdf? McBain, J.W. and Wood, L.A. (1940), Adsorption of lauryl sulphonic acid in the surface of its aqueous solution, and the Gibbs theorem. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 171 (958), 286-298.Full Text: -1959\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A171, 286.pdfKeywords: Acid, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Sulphonic Acid, Surface? Kaminski, A. and McBain, J.W. (1949), Spontaneous emulsification of pure xylene in an aqueous solution through mere adsorption of a detergent in the interface. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 198 (1055), 447-454.Full Text: -1959\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A171, 447.pdfAbstract: Spontaneous emulsification of a pure liquid can occur. This is demonstrated when liquid hydrocarbons are quietly placed upon the surface of the solution of a suitable detergent. Here special attention has been given to xylene placed upon moderately dilute solutions of dodecylamine hydrochloride. In many cases violent disruption of the pure liquid occurs, when it is quietly placed upon a soap or detergent solution. Examination shows that the emulsified droplets still consist of pure solvent stabilized by a coating of adsorbed protective colloid. The source of the required energy is the energy of adsorption, as well as solubilization of hydrocarbon in the aqueous detergent. The emulsion formed consists of spherical droplets which therefore retain a positive interfacial tension.Keywords: AdsorptionNotes: highly cited? Edwards, D.M. and Wohlfart, E.P. (1968), Magnetic isotherms in band model ferromagnetism. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 303 (1472), 127-137.Full Text: Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A303, 127.pdfAbstract: Calculations are given for the dependence on temperature and magnetic field strength H of the magnetization M of ferromagnetic metals treated on the basis of the itinerant electron model. The spin wave contribution to the low temperature magnetization is considered in the limits of strong and very weak ferromagnetism. For the first limit, problems related to the well-known divergence of the zero field differential susceptibility are briefly discussed. The main part of the paper is concerned with the single particle contributions to the magnetization and associated differential susceptibility for very weak ferromagnetism. A simple equation for the magnetic isotherms is obtained in this limit and shown to be valid over a wide temperature range including 0°K and the Curie temperature. This equation implies that plots of M2 against H/M at various temperatures in this range give a series of parallel straight lines. Recently measured isotherms for the material ZrZn2 are analysed on the basis of the theory, and several characteristic properties of this material are obtained from the analysis.Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical CharacterContinues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vols. 7 - 75 (1854-1905)Continues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, Vols. 76 - 146 (1905-1934)Full Journal Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical CharacterISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor(Proc. Roy. Soc. Ser A)? Travers, M.W. (1906), The law of distribution in the case in which one of the phases possesses mechanical rigidity - Adsorption and occlusion. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of A Mathematical and Physical Character, 78 (521), 9-22.Full Text: -1959\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A Con Pap Mat Phy Cha78, 9.pdfNotes: MModelBangham, D.H. and Burt, F.P. (1924), The behaviour of gases in contact with glass surfaces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of A Mathematical and Physical Character, 105 (732), 481-488.Full Text: P\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A Con Pap Mat Phy Cha105, 481.pdfTaylor, H.S. (1925), A theory of the catalytic surface. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of A Mathematical and Physical Character, 108 (745), 105-111.Full Text: P\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A Con Pap Mat Phy Cha108, 105.pdfNotes: highly cited? Guggenheim, E.A. and Adam, N.K. (1933), The thermodynamics of adsorption at the surface of solutions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of A Mathematical and Physical Character, 139 (837), 218-236.Full Text: -1959\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A Con Pap Mat Phy Cha139, 218.pdf? Lacher, J.R. (1937), A theoretical formula for the solubility of hydrogen in palladium. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Containing Papers of A Mathematical and Physical Character, 161 (745), 525-545.Full Text: -1959\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser A Con Pap Mat Phy Cha161, 525.pdfTitle: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine-LondonFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine-LondonISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Prout, J. (1973), Allergic dermatitis due to aniline dye additive. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine-London, 66 (3), 261-262.Title: Proceedings: Biological SciencesProceedings: Biological Sciences 1990-1999Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 1934-1990Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 1905-1934Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 1854-1905Abstracts of the Papers Communicated to the Royal Society of London 1843-1854Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1800-1843Continues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B-Containing Papers of a Biological Character, Vols. 76 - 115 (1905-1934)Continues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, Vols. 116 - 240 (1934-1990)Continues Proceedings: Biological Sciences, Vols. 241 - 266 (1990-1999)Full Journal Title: Proceedings: Biological SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: P Roy Soc Lond B BioISSN: 0962-8452Issues/Year: 24Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Royal Soc LondonPublisher Address: 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, EnglandSubject Categories: Biology: Impact Factor? Galtier, J. and Hueber, F.M. (2001), How early ferns became trees. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 268 (1479), 1955-1957.Abstract: A new anatomically preserved fern, discovered from the basalmost Carboniferous of Australia, shows a unique combination of very primitive anatomical characters (solid centrarch cauline protostele) with the elaboration of an original model of the arborescent habit. This plant possessed a false trunk composed of a repetitive branching system of very small stems, which established it as the oldest tree-fern known to date. The potential of this primitive zygopterid fern to produce such an unusual growth form-without real equivalent among living plants-is related to the possession of two kinds of roots that have complementary functional roles: (i) large roots produced by sterns with immediate positive geotropism, strongly adapted to mechanical support and water uptake from the soils and (II) small roots borne either on large roots or on petiole bases for absorbing humidity inside the false trunk.Keywords: Early Fern, False Trunk, Lower Carboniferous, AustraliaTitle: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological SciencesContinues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B-Containing Papers of a Biological Character, Vols. 76 - 115 (1905-1934)Continues Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, Vols. 116 - 240 (1934-1990)Continues Proceedings: Biological Sciences, Vols. 241 - 266 (1990-1999)Full Journal Title: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological SciencesISO Abbreviated Title: Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: P Roy Soc Lond B BioISSN: 0962-8452Issues/Year: 24Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Royal Soc LondonPublisher Address: 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, EnglandSubject Categories: Biology: Impact FactorCole, F.J. (1951), History of Micro-Dissection. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 138 (891), 159-187.Full Text: -1959\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser B-Bio Sci138, 159.pdf? Gibbs, C.F., Pugh, K.B. and Andrews, A.R. (1975), Quantitative studies on marine biodegradation of oil. 2. Effect of temperature. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 188 (1090), 83-94.Full Text: 1960-80\Pro Roy Soc Lon Ser B-Bio Sci188, 83.pdfTitle: Proceedings of Seminar at Bord na Mona Peat Research Centre (Newbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland)? Brooks, J.L. (1991), Peat as a raw material for waste water treatment. in Proceedings of Seminar at Bord na Mona Peat Research Centre, (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H.), Co. Kildare, Newbridge, Ireland, 13-27.McKay, G. and Allen, S.J. (1991), Peat as an adsorbent for dyestuffs in wastewaters. in Proceedings of Seminar at Bord na Mona Peat Research Centre, (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H.), Co. Kildare, Newbridge, Ireland, 124-146.MacCarthy, P. (1991), Use of chemically modified forms of peat for water treatment. in Proceedings of Seminar at Bord na Mona Peat Research Centre, (Edited by Fuchsman, C.H.), Co. Kildare, Newbridge, Ireland, 147-173.Title: Proceedings of the Sixth Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection ConferenceHo, Y.S. (1999), Lead ion removal from aqueous solution using peat. in Proceedings of the Sixth Mainland-Taiwan Environmental Protection Conference, (Edited by Yang, C.C., Yuan, C.H. and Kao, C.M.), National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 431-436.Abstract: The sorption of lead ions onto peat has been studied. The sorption processes were carried out using a batch shaking system. Investigations included the effects of pH and temperature, and the sorption kinetics. A batch sorption model, based on the assumption of the pseudo second-order mechanism, was developed to predict the rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium sorption capacity and the initial sorption rate with the effect of temperature. The experimental data was analysed by the Langmuir isotherm. Equilibrium sorption capacity was evaluated by the pseudo second-order rate equation, as well as the combination of the Langmuir isotherm and the operating line method.Title: Proceedings of the Sixth National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems: On-site Wastewater TreatmentWinkler, E.S. and Veneman, P.L.M. (1991), A denitrification system for septic tank effluent using sphagnum peat moss. in Proceedings of the Sixth National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems: On-site Wastewater Treatment, (Edited by Converse, J.C.), American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan, 155-164.Title: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and MedicineFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.JCR Abbreviated Title: P Soc Exp Biol MedISSN: 0037-9727Issues/Year: 11Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Blackwell Science IncPublisher Address: 350 Main St, Malden, MA 02148Subject Categories: Medicine, Research & Experimental: Impact Factor? Baker, A.K., Kline, B.E. and Rusch, H.P. (1942), Effect of certain split products of carcinogenic azo dyes on melanin formation. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 50 (2), 361-363.? Disilvestro, R.A., Greenson, J.K. and Liao, Z.M. (1992), Effects of low copper intake on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 201 (1), 94-97.Title: Proceedings of the World Engineers’ Convention 2004: Vol D, Environment Protection and Disaster MitigationFull Journal Title: Proceedings of the World Engineers’ Convention 2004: Vol D, Environment Protection and Disaster MitigationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: IDS Number: BDM34Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Wang, X.J., Zhao, J.F., Xia, S.Q. and Chen, L. (2004), Biosorption of Reactive Brilliant X-3B by dried activated sludge. Proceedings of the World Engineers’ Convention 2004: Vol D, Environment Protection and Disaster Mitigation, 201 (1), 94-97.Abstract: The biosorption of Reactive Brilliant X-3B onto dried activated sludge in a batch system with respect to the temperature and initial pH was investigated. The adsorption reaction is pH dependent with higher removal at low pH values. The kinetics of adsorption were found to be second order and adsorption rate constants increased with increasing temperature. The activation energy of sorption has also been evaluated with the pseudo-second order rate constants. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The results indicate that dried activated sludge could be employed as low cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon in wastewater treatment for the removal of color and dyes.Keywords: Biosorption, Kinetics, Adsorption Isotherms, Sludge, Aqueous-Solutions, Color Removal, Dye, AdsorptionTitle: Proceedings of the Symposium on Peat? Mueller, J.C. (1972), Peat in pollution abatement. Proceedings of the Symposium on Peat, Sherbrooke, Quebec.Title: Process BiochemistryFull Journal Title: Process BiochemistryISO Abbreviated Title: Process Biochem.JCR Abbreviated Title: Process BiochemISSN: 0032-9592Issues/Year: 8Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Sci LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Oxon, EnglandSubject Categories: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology: Impact Factor 0.874, 225/295 (1999); Impact Factor 0.774, 252/310 (2000); Impact Factor 0.869, 243/308 (2001); Impact Factor 1.143, 194/266 (2002); Impact Factor 1.073, 109/261 (2003); Impact Factor 1.375, 191/261 (2004); Impact Factor 1.796, 174/261 (2005); Impact Factor 2.008, 160/262 (2006); Impact Factor 2.336, 144/263 (2007); Impact Factor 2.444, 157/283 (2009)Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology: Impact Factor 0.874, 68/124 (1999); Impact Factor 0.774, 80/134 (2000); Impact Factor 0.869, 77/131 (2001); Impact Factor 1.143, 60/131 (2002); Impact Factor 1.073, 74/132 (2003); Impact Factor 1.375, 68/133 (2004); Impact Factor 1.796, 61/139 (2005); Impact Factor 2.008, 66/140 (2006); Impact Factor 2.336, 55/138 (2007); Impact Factor 2.444, 58/150 (2009)Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 0.874, 25/110 (1999); Impact Factor 0.774, 26/117 (2000); Impact Factor 0.869, 32/123 (2001); Impact Factor 1.143, 17/126 (2002); Impact Factor 1.073, 28/119 (2003); Impact Factor 1.375, 20/116 (2004); Impact Factor 1.796, 13/116 (2005); Impact Factor 2.008, 10/110 (2006); Impact Factor 2.336, 8/114 (2007); Impact Factor 2.444, 18/126 (2009)Jones, R.P. and Greenfield, P.F. (1984), A review of yeast ionic nutrition; Part I: Growth and fermentation requirements. Process Biochemistry, 19 (2), 48-60.? Edeline, F., Lambert, G. and Fatticcioni, H. (1986), Anaerobic treatment of coke plant waste-water. Process Biochemistry, 21 (2), 58-60.Notes: highly cited? Shewale, J.G. and Sivaraman, H. (1989), Penicillin acylase - enzyme-production and its application in the manufacture of 6-APA. Process Biochemistry, 24 (4), 146-154.? Bellot, J.C. and Condoret, J.S. (1991), Liquid chromatography modelling: A review. Process Biochemistry, 26 (6), 363-376.Full Text: 1991\Pro Bio26, 363.pdfAbstract: Liquid chromatography modelling represents a real challenge to understand the phenomena encountered in the separation process of biomolecules, especially in non-linear adsorption cases, and to enhance production rates and recovery yields in preparative chromatography.The three major ways to describe liquid chromatography are presented, i.e. the continuity equations, the theory of interferences and the plate theory. The former is described in detail, since it permits the inclusion of various physical and thermodynamical phenomena, and to handle non-linear adsorption problems. The numerical ways of solving the differential equations stated by the different models are also considered. The interference theory, despite its limitations to ideal situations, is still considered as a useful tool in non-linear multicomponents liquid chromatography modelling. The plate theory is not developed, for it is restricted to linear adsorption cases.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Affinity Separations, Binary Mixture, Chromatography, Chromatography Modelling, Continuity, Differential, Displacement Chromatography, Fixed-Beds, Ideal, Interference, Limitations, Liquid Chromatography, Modelling, Models, Multicomponent Ion-Exchange, Nonlinear Chromatography, Numerical, Numerical-Simulation, Overloaded Elution Chromatography, Physical, Process, Production, Recovery, Semi-Ideal Model, Separation? Bellot, J.C. and Condoret, J.S. (1993), Modelling of liquid chromatography equilibria. Process Biochemistry, 28 (6), 365-376.Full Text: 1993\Pro Bio28, 365.pdfAbstract: Liquid chromatography models based on continuity equations are very powerful in describing the phenomena encountered in the separation process of biomolecules, especially in mass overload conditions, since these models are able to handle non-linear adsorption problems. Nevertheless, they remain useless unless they are fed with the appropriate equations, i.e. the adsorption isotherms, describing the basic thermodynamical equilibria between the biomolecules in the flowing mobile phase and the stationary phase. Modelling of liquid chromatography equilibria is therefore of major importance. This review presents the different ways to express adsorption isotherms, competitive or not, in reversed phase chromatography. The modelling of protein isotherms on ionic surfaces is also considered since ion exchange chromatography is being nowadays increasingly used for biopolymer separations.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Amino-Acids, Analytical Affinity-Chromatography, Anion-Exchange Chromatography, Band Profiles, Biopolymer, Chromatography, Competitive Adsorption-Isotherms, Continuity, Different Displacer Salts, Dilute Aqueous-Solutions, Gradient Elution, Importance, Ion, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Chromatography, Ion-Exchange, Isotherms, Liquid Chromatography, Modelling, Models, Preparative Chromatography, Process, Protein, Review, Semi-Ideal Model, Separation, SurfacesNourbakhsh, M., Sa?, Y., ?zer, D., Aksu, Z., Kutsal, T. and ?a?lar, A. (1994), A comparative study of various biosorbents for removal of chromium(VI) ions from industrial waste waters. Process Biochemistry, 29 (1), 1-5.Full Text: 1994\Pro Bio29, 1.pdfAbstract: Chromium(VI) biosorption to non-living biomass of Chlorella vulgaris, Clodophara crispata, Zoogloea Ramigera, Rhizopus arrhizus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated The initial pH of the metal ion solution effected metal uptake capacity of the biomass and the optimum initial pH was found as 1.0-2.0 for all microorganisms. Maximum adsorption rates of metal ions to microbial biomass were obtained at temperatures in the range 25-35-degrees-C. The adsorption rate increased with increasing metal ion concentration for C. Vulgaris, C. crispata, R. arrhizus, S. cerevisiae and Z. Ramigera up to 200, 200, 125, 100 and 75 mg/litre, respectively. Freundlich constants were determined from the Freundlich adsorption isotherms of all microorganisms.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Rate, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Chlorella Vulgaris, Concentration, Freundlich, Freundlich Constants, Ion, Isotherms, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal Uptake, Microbial, Microbial Biomass, Microorganisms, pH, Ramigera, Range, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, UptakeSreekrishnan, T.R. and Tyagi, R.D. (1995), Sensitivity of metal-bioleaching operation to process variables. Process Biochemistry, 30 (1), 69-80.Full Text: P\Pro Bio30, 69.pdfAbstract: Heavy metals concentrated in sewage sludge during a wastewater-treatment process can be leached out by using sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. The growth and associated sulphate production by the less-acidophilic and acidophilic Thiobacilli lower the sludge pH, resulting in solubilization of metals present in the sludge. This series of events, which forms part of the bioleaching operation, is expressed mathematically. The process of metal solubilization, as a function of pH, solids concentration, metal concentration, time, and sulphate concentration, is presented as a trained neural net. A sensitivity analysis of the process shows that (i) higher initial concentrations of bacterial served to reduce the time; (II) and initial sludge pH of 7.0 is optimal in terms of process time; (iii) a higher solids concentration increased the rate of metal solubilization; and (iv) a higher temperature resulted in faster leaching at temperatures below 40°C. (C) 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Rapoport, A.I. and Muter, O.A. (1995), Biosorption of hexavalent chromium by yeasts. arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 30 (2), 145-149.Full Text: P\Pro Bio30, 145.pdfAbstract: Different species of yeast exhibit noticeable differences in their ability to sorb Cr(VI). The sorption ability of dehydrated cells is considerably higher than that of intact cells and optimal sorption of chromium rakes place at physiological (30°C) or elevated (45°C) temperatures.Keywords: Bacteria, Cells, Chromium, Cr(VI), Enterobacter-Cloacae, Mechanism, Membrane, Mutagenicity, Reduction, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Sorption, Sulfide, Toxicity, YeastSa?, Y., ?zer, D. and Kutsal, T. (1995), A comparative study of the biosorption of lead(II) ions to Z. Ramigera and R. arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 30 (2), 169-174.Full Text: P\Pro Bio30, 169.pdfAbstract: Parameters that affected adsorption rates of lead(II) ions on Z. Ramigera and R. arrhizus were investigated. The adsorption rates and equilibrium metal removal were strongly affected by pH, temperature and initial metal concentration. Both micro-organisms exhibited the highest lead-adsorptive rate at pH 4.5-5.0. Maximum adsorption rates of metal ions to Z. Ramigera and R. arrhizus were obtained at temperatures ranging from 25 to 45℃. The initial adsorption rate of metal ion increased with increasing metal ion concentration for Z. Ramigera and R. arrhizus up to 150-200 mglitre-1 and 200-300 mglitre-1, respectively. Isotherms for the adsorption of lead on Z. Ramigera and R. arrhizus were developed and Freundlich constants determined from the Freundlich adsorption isotherms.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Rate, Concentration, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Constants, Initial Adsorption Rate, Ion, Isotherms, Lead, Lead(II), Mechanism, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal Removal, Microorganisms, pH, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Temperature, Vulgaris, Zoogloea-RamigeraSa?, Y., Nourbakhsh, M., Aksu, Z. and Kutsal, T. (1995), Comparison of Ca-alginate and immobilized Z. Ramigera as sorbents for copper(II) removal. Process Biochemistry, 30 (2), 175-181.Full Text: P\Pro Bio30, 175.pdfAbstract: Zoogloea Ramigera was immobilized to Ca-alginate in order to obtain higher adsorption capacity and yields in a packed column operated in continuous mode. The adsorption of copper(II) ions to Ca-alginate and immobilized Z. Ramigera in the packed column was investigated as a function of flow rate and inlet-metal-ion concentration Copper adsorption in the immobilized-cell column was initially limited by diffusion of the solute through the pores. The initial removal of copper by the immobilized micro-organism system was therefore lower than initial removal of copper by the Ca-alginate system, but equilibrium-copper-removal percentages and total-copper-removal percentages were higher than those of Ca alginate. When column loading was selected as 50 mglitre, total copper removal by immobilized Z. Ramigera and Ca-alginate was obtained as 94.3% and 63.8% of presented metal, respectively, after 5184 ml of flow at a flow rate of 3.6 ml min-1. At inlet-metal-ion concentrations higher than 100-150 mglitre-1 and at higher flow rates, a lower metal-uptake capacity and early saturation were observed. Metal recovery from immobilized Z. Ramigera and Ca-alginate was achieved in 0.005 M H2SO4 at pH 2.0.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Alginate, Biosorption, Ca-Alginate, Capacity, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Diffusion, Flow, Function, Gel Beads, H2SO4, Ions, Loading, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Uptake, Microorganism, Packed Column, pH, Recovery, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Saturation, Thorium, Uranium, Zoogloea-RamigeraSharma, D.C. and Forster, C.F. (1995), Continuous adsorption and desorption of chromium ions by sphagnum moss peat. Process Biochemistry, 30 (4), 293-298.Full Text: P\Pro Bio30, 293.pdfAbstract: Irish sphagnum peat was used for the continuous adsorption of hexavalent chromium from acidic solutions. At an initial pH of 2.0, there is an appreciable formation of trivalent chromium, which is not adsorbed as readily as the hexavalent form. This did not occur when the initial pH was 2.5. The values of the adsorption capacities thus depend both on the pH and whether they are quoted in terms of total or hexavalent chromium. However, the capacities of the Irish peat are greater than Chinese peat, indicating that it has considerable potential asa commercial low-cost adsorbent for chramium. The exhausted peat can be regenerated in situ with 1 M sodium hydroxide but the regeneration efficiencies are low (< 40%).Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Chinese, Chromium, Hexavalent Chromium, In Situ, Low, Peat, pH, Regeneration, Removal, Sodium, Sodium HydroxideAsthana, R.K., Chatterjee, S. and Singh, S.P. (1995), Investigations on nickel biosorption and its remobilization. Process Biochemistry, 30 (8), 729-734.Full Text: P\Pro Bio30, 729.pdfAbstract: Immobilized preparations of the bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and RhodoPseudomonas BHU strain I) and the cyanobacterium (Anacystis nidulans) exhibited significant Ni adsorption in the order 91%, 72%, 75%, respectively, within 2 h contact with aqueous NiCl2(7.05 ?g Ni/0.1 mg biomass). The immobilizing agent (Ca-alginate, 1.5%, w/v) absorbed move Ni (43%) than the exopolysaccharide of cyanobacteria, Rivularia sp. (40%) or Aphanothece sp. (30%). Ni remobilization from different adsorbed systems was maximum (84%) for Ca(NO3)2, over NaCl (4.3%) at equimolar concentrations (12 mM, each). Extracts from forest soil (organic C, 2-3%) were more effective in N remobilization (22.65%) than similar preparations from garden soil (18%) with organic C in the range of 0.98-1.1%.Keywords: Adsorption, Bacteria, Bacterial Extracellular Polymers, Biomass, Ca-Alginate, Cadmium Accumulation, Citrobacter sp, Concentrations, Cyanobacteria, Cyanobacterium, Forest, Forest Soil, Heavy-Metals, Immobilized Cyanobacterium, Microcystis-Aeruginosa, Ni, Organic, Organic C, Polysaccharide, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Range, Removal, Soil, Zoogloea-Ramigera(1995), A biological process to remove colour from papermill waste water. Process Biochemistry, 30 (8), 777-778.Full Text: P\Pro Bio30, 777.pdfSharma, D.C. and Forster, C.F. (1996), A comparison of the sorbtive characteristics of leaf mould and activated carbon columns for the removal of hexavalent chromium. Process Biochemistry, 31 (3), 213-218.Full Text: P\Pro Bio31, 213.pdfAbstract: Previous batch studies have shown that leaf mould is a potentially useful biosorbent for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated with hexavalent chromium. This paper examines its use for continuous adsorption in columns and compares the results with a parallel study using an activated carbon column. Both columns were operated at a pH of 2.5 and a flow-rate of 74 ml/min. The results show that, although the Cr(VI) adsorption capacities of the leaf mould were only 25.9 mg/g compared with a value of 75.6 mg/g for the activated carbon, the leaf mould caused little or no reduction and produced an effluent with very low concentration of trivalent chromium. The activated carbon, on the other hand, had a high reducing action. The data were also tested against the Bed-Depth-Service-Time model and it was found that, although the compliance was nonlinear, the model was appropriate for design purposes.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Biosorbent, Carbon, Carbon Columns, Chromium, Compliance, Concentration, Cr(VI), Design, Dilute Aqueous-Solution, Effluent, Hand, Hexavalent Chromium, Leaf, Low, Model, Paper, pH, Reduction, Removal, TreatmentCarrara, C.R. and Rubiolo, A.C. (1996), Determination of kinetics parameters for free and immobilized -galactosidase. Process Biochemistry, 31 (3), 243-248.Full Text: P\Pro Bio31, 243.pdfAbstract: The kinetic parameters of soluble and immobilized beta-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces fragilis were determined using integrated reaction rate equations. Three reaction rate models were used to correlate experimental values by means of a multi-response non-linear computer program. The deviations of the fitted models to the data were compared using a residual sum of squares and F-test for nested models. The Michaelis-Menten equation predicted the best values with product inhibition by galactose and provided the most reasonable approach to describe the enzymic hydrolysis of lactose for low and high conversion in a range of initial concentrations from 2.5 to 15.0%.Keywords: Lactose Hydrolysis, Enzymatic Lactose, Lactase, Milk, WheyBrandani, S., Brandani, V., Digiacomo, G. and Spera, L. (1996), Effect of nonlinear equilibrium on the mass transfer rate of -amylase extraction by reversed micelles. Process Biochemistry, 31 (3), 249-252.Full Text: P\Pro Bio31, 249.pdfAbstract: The rate of mass transfer in the liquid-liquid extraction of alpha-amylase from an aqueous phase to a reversed micellar phase has been studied. A simple model for the mathematical representation of this system is discussed. Batch separation experiments at different total concentrations have been carried out. These show the effect of the nonlinear equilibrium on the mass transfer rate. The experimental results are used to obtain the time constant of the process.Fernadez, N., Chacin, E., Gutierrez, E., Alastre, N., Llamoza, B. and Forster, C.F. (1996), An analysis of the absorption of alkyl benzene sulfonate by algal residues. Process Biochemistry, 31 (4), 333-336.Full Text: P\Pro Bio31, 333.pdfAbstract: The extraction of agar-agar from Gracilaria debilis produced a residue which was examined as a potential biosorbent for the removal of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS) from aqueous solution. Tests were carried out at 25 C and a range of pH values. The results were analysed as Langmuir isotherms. The compliance between the data and the theoretical equation was good and the results indicated that the adsorption was favoured by lower pH values. The maximum adsorption capacity was 76.34 mgg-1. This needs to be compared with a value of 75.85 mgg-1 determined previously for the adsorption of a branched chain alkyl benzene sulphonate by activated carbon. The rates of LAS removal were also measured and it was found that the rates were increased by lowering the pH.Keywords: Removal, Efficiency, Sulfonate, Waste, WaterFernadez, N., Chacin, E., Gutierrez, E., Alastre, N., Leal, F. and Forster, C.F. (1996), The use of seed pods from albizia lebbek for the removal of alkyl benzene sulfonates from aqueous solution. Process Biochemistry, 31 (4), 383-387.Full Text: P\Pro Bio31, 383.pdfAbstract: The paper presents the results of a preliminaly investigation into the use of Albizia lebbek seed pods as a biosorbent for the removal of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS) from aqueous solution. It also compares the adsorption characteristics with those of an algal residue. The results showed that at 25°C, the greatest specific adsorption (mg/g) was achieved at low (ca 3) pH values. The results also showed that there was a good compliance with both the Langmuir and the Freundlich equations. Based on the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity was 25.43 mg/g. An examination of the kinetics of the adsorption showed that the overall process could be described by the Lagergren equation and that the rate constant (K) increased with the initial concentration of the LAS (C0). An analysis based on the K/C0 relationship suggested that at C0 values of less than 58 mg/litre the Albizia lebbek would be a more appropriate material than the algal residue. Intraparticulate diffusion rates were also measured and were also found to increase with C0.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Benzene, Biosorbent, Capacity, Compliance, Concentration, Diffusion, Examination, Freundlich, Investigation, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, LAS, Low, Paper, pH, pH Values, Process, Rate Constant, Removal, Residue, Seed, Sulfonate? Fernandez, N., Chacin, E., Gutierrez, E., Alastre, N., Llamoza, B. and Forster, C.F. (1996), An analysis of the absorption of alkyl benzene sulphonate by algal residues. Process Biochemistry, 31 (4), 333-336.Full Text: 1996\Pro Bio31, 333.pdfAbstract: The extraction of agar-agar from Gracilaria debilis produced a residue which was examined as a potential biosorbent for the removal of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS) from aqueous solution. Tests were carried out at 25°C and a range of pH values. The results were analysed as Langmuir isotherms. The compliance between the data and the theoretical equation was good and the results indicated that the adsorption was favoured by lower pH values. The maximum adsorption capacity was 76.34 mg g-1. This needs to be compared with a value of 75.85 mg g-1 determined previously for the adsorption of a branched chain alkyl benzene sulphonate by activated carbon. The rates of LAS removal were also measured and it was found that the rates were increased by lowering the pH.Keywords: Absorption, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Benzene, Biosorbent, Capacity, Carbon, Chain, Compliance, Efficiency, Extraction, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherms, LAS, pH, pH Values, Range, Removal, Residue, Residues, Sulfonate, Waste, WaterChatterjee, S., Asthana, R.K., Tripathi, A.K. and Singh, S.P. (1996), Metal removal by selected sorbents. Process Biochemistry, 31 (5), 457-462.Full Text: P\Pro Bio31, 457.pdfAbstract: The sorption of Ni from aqueous solution using fly ash, CaCO3 and sawdust preparations from pine (Pinus roxburghii) and cedar (Cedrus deodara) was investigated. Fly ash with a total of 90% Ni removal, was superior to CaCO3 (55%), sawdust from cedar (63%) orpine (41%) within 30 min. Fly ash was also an effective sorbent for Cd (79%) and Cu (75%). Ni was sequestered significantly by the dead biomass of Pseudomonas (60%) or Nostoc (41%) or RhodoPseudomonas (35%). Freundlich constants (KF) based on the Freundlich isotherm of all the sorbents were in the sequence: fly ash (213.8) > Pseudomonas (169.8) > NoStoc (131.8) >sawdust from cedar (64.57) > CaCO3 (56.23) > RhodoPseudomonas (51.29) >sawdust from pine (44.67). The observations indicate the possible cost-effective deployment of fly ash, carbonates of calcium and plant parts with native resins as metalsorbents.Keywords: Accumulation, Aqueous Solution, Ash, Biomass, Biosorbents, Calcium, Carbonates, Cd, Cu, Fly Ash, Freundlich, Freundlich Constants, Freundlich Isotherm, Isotherm, Metal, Ni, Nickel, Pine, Plant, Recovery, Removal, Resins, Sawdust, Sorbents, Sorption, UraniumSa?, Y. and Kutsal, T. (1996), The selective biosorption of chromium(VI) and copper(II) ions from binary metal mixtures by R. arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 31 (6), 561-572.Full Text: P\Pro Bio31, 561.pdfAbstract: The uptake of copper(II) and chromium(IV) ions from binary mixtures by Rhizopus arrhizus is described as a function of ion concentration, pH and temperature.Keywords: Alga Chlorella-Vulgaris, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Chromium(VI), Concentration, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Function, Ion, Mechanism, Metal, Mixtures, pH, R-Arrhizus, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Selective, Simultaneous Multielement, Temperature, Thorium, Uptake, Uranium, ZincSa?, Y. and Kutsal, T. (1996), Fully competitive biosorption of chromium(VI) and iron(III) ions from binary metal mixtures by R. arrhizus: Use of the competitive Langmuir model. Process Biochemistry, 31 (6), 573-585.Full Text: P\Pro Bio31, 573.pdfAbstract: The uptake of heavy metal ions by microbial biomass has been extensively studied but very little attention has been given to the biosorption of multicomponent systems. In this study, a process of fully competitive biosorption of chromium(VI) and iron(III) ions to Rhizopus arrhizus from binary metal mixtures is described and compared to single metal-ion situations in solution. Effects of the presence of chromium(VI) and iron(III) ions together on the biosorption of chromium(VI) and iron(III) ions were investigated in terms of initial rates of biosorption, maximum uptake capacity and equilibrium isotherms. Both chromium(VI) and iron(III) were more effectively adsorbed to the biomass at very low values of pH. The optimum initial pH for the biosorption of chromium(VI) and iron(III) ions by R. arrhizus was determined as 2.0. The initial biosorption rates and the adsorptive capacity of the biomass for chromium(VI) and iron(III) ions increased with increasing temperatures in the range 25-45°C and 25-35°C, respectively. These properties were used in the bioremoval of chromium(VI) and iron(III) ions simultaneously from binary mixtures. The instantaneous, equilibrium and maximum uptake of chromium(VI) and iron(III) was reduced by the presence of increasing concentrations of the other metal. In particular; the long-term uptake of chromium from the solution in the presence of iron was greater than the uptake of iron under the same conditions. In the single-ion situation, the adsorption isotherms were developed at different pH and temperature values and it was seen that the adsorption equilibrium data fit the non-competitive Langmuir model. The ‘best fit’ parameters for the non-competitive chromium(VI) and iron(III) biosorption at pH 2.0 and at 25°C were determined to be qs = 58.12 mgg-1 and b = 0.047 litre mg-1; qs = 34.73 mgg-1 and b = 0.066 litre mg-1, respectively. For the multi-component adsorption equilibrium, the competitive adsorption isotherms were also developed and the competitive Langmuir model was shown to be consistent with the observed uptake of multi-metal ions.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherms, Alga Chlorella-Vulgaris, Attention, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Chromium, Chromium(VI), Concentrations, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Iron, Iron(III), Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Low, Metal, Metal Ions, Microbial, Microbial Biomass, Mixtures, Model, Multi-Component, Multicomponent, Parameters, pH, Process, Properties, R-Arrhizus, Range, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Simultaneous Multielement, Temperature, Uptake, ZincVeglió, F., Beolchini, F. and Gasbarro, A. (1997), Biosorption of toxic metals: An equilibrium study using free cells of Arthrobacter sp. Process Biochemistry, 32 (2), 99-105.Full Text: P\Pro Bio32, 99.pdfAbstract: A study on the biosorption of toxic metals (copper, manganese, nickel and lead) by a species of Arthrobacter is presented. The equilibrium of the process was in all cases well described by the Langmuir isotherm. The highest values of specific uptake were 406 mg Mn/g, 148 mg Cu/g, 13 mg Ni/g and 130 mg Pb/g. Some factorial experiments were performed in order to investigate the effect of operating and cultural conditions on the equilibrium. Experimental results showed the influence of the biomass concentration on the specific uptake (mg of metal/g of biomass as dry weight). A comparison with results reported in the literature was made. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science LtdKeywords: Aqueous-Solutions, Arthrobacter, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cells, Concentration, Copper, Equilibrium, Ions, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Made, Manganese, Marine-Algae, Metals, Nickel, Process, Recovery, Removal, Toxic, Toxic Metals, Toxic Metals Removal, Uptake, Waste Biomass?zer, A., Ekiz, H.I., ?zer, D., Kutsal, T. and ?aglar, A. (1997), A staged purification process to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater using Rhizopus arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 32 (4), 319-326.Full Text: P\Pro Bio32, 319.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of iron(III), lead(II) and Cadmium(II) ions onto dry cells of Rhizopus arrhizus was investigated in a four-stage batch reactor. The adsorption in multi-stage reactors can be considered as a multi-stage equilibrium depending on the adsorption equilibrium and mass balance. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were developed to evaluate the biosorptive uptake capacity of the biomass. The Freundlich and Langmuir constants at optimum adsorption conditions were used to calculate the residual or adsorbed metal ion concentrations at equilibrium at each stage for a given volume of solution containing heavy metal ion/quantity of dried biomass (V0/X) ratio. The experimental equilibrium values were compared with the values obtained from Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. These results showed that the increase in biomass quantity or the decrease of V0/X ratios affected the quantities of iron, lead and cadmium removed from aqueous solution.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherms, Alga Chlorella-Vulgaris, Aqueous Solution, Balance, Biomass, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Cells, Concentrations, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Ion, Iron, Iron(III), Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Constants, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Lead(II), Mass Balance, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Ions, Process, Purification, Quantity, Reactor, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Thorium, Uptake, Uranium, Wastewater, ZincWalker, G.M. and Weatherley, L.R. (1997), A simplified predictive model for biologically activated carbon fixed beds. Process Biochemistry, 32 (4), 327-335.Full Text: P\Pro Bio32, 327.pdfAbstract: Previous researchers have indicated that biological activity in fixed bed adsorption systems can dramatically increase the expected capacity of granular activated carbon beds. The adsorbate species used in this work were acid dyes found in textile industry wastewater which had azo and di-azo structures. Pure bacterial cultures were selected which had the ability to degrade the dyes. Granular activated carbon (GAG F400) beds seeded with pure cultures showed increased dye removal over sterile beds. The performance of the system was described using a model which combines carbon adsorption and biological degradation of the adsorbate on the surface of the particle using the Monod equation. The model proved effective in describing the initial stages of the biologically activated carbon system.Keywords: Acid, Acid Dyes, Activated Carbon, Activity, Adsorption, Adsorption, Bacterial Species, Biodegradation, Biological Degradation, Biologically Activated Carbon, Bioregeneration, Capacity, Carbon, Columns, Degradation, Dye, Dye Removal, Dyes, Fixed Bed, Granular Activated Carbon, Mathematical Model, Model, Particle, Performance, Phenol, Predictive Model, Removal, Substrate, Surface, Textile, Wastewater, Wastewater TreatmentStoll, A. and Duncan, J.R. (1997), Comparison of the heavy metal sorptive properties of three types of immobilized, non-viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass. Process Biochemistry, 32 (6), 467-472.Full Text: P\Pro Bio32, 467.pdfAbstract: Three preparations of immobilized, non-viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae were produced and tested with respect to their metal accumulating properties and mechanical stability. The biomass preparations PVA Na-alginate, PVA Na-orthophosphate and PEI: GA biomass all exhibited excellent mechanical stability. In contrast, the ability of the PEI: GA biomass to remove Cu2+ from solution exceeded that of the PVA based biomass. Due to the ion exchange nature of metal biosorption, Cu2+ accumulation from the effluent was influenced by the pH of the influent solution. A low influent pH (pH 1.4) resulted in low breakthrough volumes occurring, whilst this critical point was increased at higher influent pH. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.Keywords: Accumulation, Biomass, Biosorption, Cu2+, Effluent, Heavy Metal, Ion, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Low, Metal, Microorganisms, pH, Properties, PVA, PVA Gel, Recovery, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Stability, YeastLiversidge, R.M., Lloyd, G.J., Wase, D.A.J. and Forster, C.F. (1997), Removal of Basic Blue 41 dye from aqueous solution by linseed cake. Process Biochemistry, 32 (6), 473-477.Full Text: P\Pro Bio32, 473.pdfAbstract: The use of linseed oil cake as an adsorbent for selected dyes was examined. The cake did not adsorb Acid Blue 158 or Reactive Red 184. However, it was an effective sorbent for Basic Blue 41. The Langmuir equation described the adsorption well. The enthalpy of adsorption was found to be endothermic and the capacity of the linseed cake for the dye decreased with increasing temperature. The linseed cake was compared with peat and it was found that it had a greater capacity for the dyestuff than peat. Although the Freundlich equation described the adsorption of the dye by peat, the data for the linseed cake gave curved relationships.Keywords: Acid Dye, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Biosorption, Capacity, Dye, Dye Wastes, Dyes, Dyestuff, Dyestuffs, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Langmuir Isotherms, Linseed Oil, Linseed Oil Cake, Natural Adsorbents, Oil, Peat, Temperature, Waste-WaterWang, J.L., Liu, P., Shi, H.C. and Yi, Q.A. (1997), Kinetics of phthalic acid ester degradation by acclimated activated sludge. Process Biochemistry, 32 (7), 567-571.Full Text: 1997\Pro Bio32, 567.pdfAbstract: Activated sludge obtained from a coke-plant wastewater treatment plant was acclimated and used as seeding microbes to investigate the kinetics of biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of the most frequently identified phthalic acid esters in diverse environments and the most widely used plasticizer in China. DBP biodegradation conformed to the first-order model with respect to its concentration and the rate constant was independent of the initial concentration when the initial DBP concentration was less than 200 mg/litre. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.Keywords: Acclimated Activated Sludge Priority, Acclimation, Activated Sludge, Biodegradation, Biodegradation, Coke Plant Wastewater, Coke-Plant Wastewater, Degradation, Fate, Kinetics, N-Butyl Phthalate, Phthalic Acid Esters, Pollutants, Soil, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, WaterSa?, Y. and Kutsal, T. (1997), The simultaneous biosorption process of lead(II) and nickel(II) on Rhizopus arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 32 (7), 591-597.Full Text: P\Pro Bio32, 591.pdfAbstract: The simultaneous adsorption of nickel(II) and lead(II) to Rhizopus arrhizus from binary metal mixtures is described and compared to studies using one metal in solution. The ability of the fungal biomass to bind metals in solution is shown to be a function of pH, the number of metals competing for binding sites in the fungal cells and metal concentrations. The effects of the presence of nickel(II) and lead(II) ions together in aquatic solutions on the biosorption of nickel(II) and lead(II) ions were investigated in terms of initial rates of biosorption, equilibrium adsorption yields and equilibrium isotherms. The effect of lead(II) ions on the uptake of nickel(II) ions was found to be antagonistic, whereas the total interactive effects of nickel(II) and lead(II) ions on the biosorption of lead(II) ions by R. arrhizus can be considered to be synergistic at a defined concentration interval. Lead(II) ions were adsorbed selectively from the binary metal mixtures.Keywords: Adsorption, Alga Chlorella-Vulgaris, Aquatic, Binding, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cations, Cells, Concentration, Concentrations, Effects, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Function, Fungal Biomass, Heavy-Metals, Isotherms, Lead(II), Metal, Metals, Microorganism, Mixtures, Nickel(II), pH, Process, R-Arrhizus, Removal, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Simultaneous Biosorption, Simultaneous Multielement, Sites, Uptake, Waste Water, ZincLee, M.Y., Jong, M.P. and Yang, J.W. (1997), Micro precipitation of lead on the surface of crab shell particles. Process Biochemistry, 32 (8), 671-677.Full Text: P\Pro Bio32, 671.pdfAbstract: Crab shell particles were used as a biosorbent to remove lead from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium isotherm showed that crab shell particles took up lead to the extent of 1300 mg Pb g?1 crab shell. The optimum pH range for maximum lead removal was increased to 5.5-11.0 compared to the shell-free control pH of 8.5-11.0. pH values of solutions with crab shell material added were increased spontaneously to about 10 as a result of the CaCO3 present, which formed complexes with lead according to pH. Electron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results confirmed that -NHCOCH3 and CO32? were involved in binding of lead. In addition, the removal of lead occurred mainly through dissolution of CaCO3 followed by precipitation of Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 and PbCO3 near the surface of crab shell. Micro precipitates formed were then adsorbed to the chitin on the surface of the crab shell particles. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Binding, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Calcium Carbonate, Chitin, Chitosan Beads, Complexes, Control, Crab, Crab Shell, Dissolution, Electron Microscopy, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Lead, Lead Removal, Metal Recovery, Microscopy, Particles, Pb, pH, pH Values, Precipitation, Range, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Spectrometry, Spectroscopy, Surface, Uranium, X-Ray DiffractionAksu, Z. and Kutsal, T. (1998), Determination of kinetic parameters in the biosorption of copper(II) on Cladophora sp., in a packed bed column reactor. Process Biochemistry, 33 (1), 7-13.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 7.pdfAbstract: In this study, the biosorption of copper(II) ions to the green alga Cladophora sp. was investigated in a packed bed column reactor as a function of flow rate and inlet copper(II) concentration. These two parameters affected the external mass transfer and adsorption rates directly. Mass transfer coefficients were determined from the Wakao Equation evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates. It was concluded that at a flow rate of 1.12 ml min-1, mass transfer resistance was overcome and the mass transfer coefficient was determined as 6.7×10-2 cm2 min-1. At this flow rate, the effect of inlet metal ion concentration on the adsorption rate was investigated and using the proposed model, the adsorption rate constant was predicted to be 5.53×10-4 litre g-1 min-1. The adsorption rate step rather than mass transfer rate step limits the adsorption rate. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Rate, Binding, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cell-Walls, Concentration, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, External Mass Transfer, Flow, Function, Heavy-Metals, Immobilized Biomass, Ion, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Parameters, Mass Transfer, Mass Transfer Resistance, Metal, Model, Packed Bed Column, Parameters, Rate Constant, Reactor, Resistance, Transfer, Transfer Coefficient, Transfer Rate, VulgarisLee, S.H., Jung, C.H., Chung, H., Lee, M.Y. and Yang, J.W. (1998), Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by apple residues. Process Biochemistry, 33 (2), 205-211.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 205.pdfAbstract: The removal of copper, lead and cadmium by apple residues (AR) was investigated to evaluate cation exchange capacities. The effects of solution pH, ionic strength, ligands and co-ions were studied in batch experiments. Apple residues were modified with phosphorus(V) oxychloride to improve their physicochemical properties and greatly enhance the capacity of metal removal. Adsorption equilibria were established rapidly initially and decreased markedly after 1 h. Column experiments were carried out in a glass column filled with AR and modified AR to evaluate the metal removal capacity. The influences of the feed concentration, chemical treatment and ligand were also studied. After exhaustion of the residues, the columns were regenerated successfully by a simple elution procedure.Keywords: Apple Residues, Aqueous Solution, Ar, Batch Experiments, Cadmium, Capacity, Cation Exchange, Chemical, Concentration, Copper, Effects, Elution, Feed, Heavy Metals, Ionic Strength, Ionic-Strength, Lead, Metal, Metal Binding, Metal Removal, Metals, Modified, pH, Phosphorus, Physicochemical Properties, Properties, Removal, Residues, Solution pH, Strength, TreatmentZhao, M. and Duncan, J.R. (1998), Removal and recovery of nickel from aqueous solution and electroplating rinse effluent using Azolla filiculoides. Process Biochemistry, 33 (3), 249-255.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 249.pdfAbstract: The removal of nickel from aqueous solutions and electroplating rinse effluent by Azolla biomass in batch and column experiments was investigated. The maximum nickel uptake by Azolla in the batch at an optimum pH of 6.5 was found to be 43.4 mg g-1. The dried Azolla filiculoides showed good mechanical stability with repeated column operations at extreme pHs. Nickel uptake in column operation before 60% saturation of the biomass was found to be between 21.6 and 27.9 mg g-1 with varying flow rates (from 16 ml h-1 g-1 to 160 ml h-1 g-1). Complete desorption of bound nickel was achieved with 120 mi of either 0.2 N H2SO4 Or HCl. This, together with the data from regeneration efficiency for five cycles, provided evidence that the reusabilities of Azolla in treatment of nickel-laden wastewater are viable. An effluent free, closed-loop nickel treatment system, with Azolla biomass as the sorbent, is proposed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Aqueous Solution, Azolla, Biomass, Biosorption, Desorption, Efficiency, Effluent, Flow, H2SO4, HCl, Marine-Algae, Nickel, Nickel Recovery, Nickel Removal, pH, Recovery, Regeneration, Removal, Saturation, Stability, Treatment, Uptake, WastewaterSa?, Y., A?ikel, U., Aksu, Z. and Kutsal, T. (1998), A comparative study for the simultaneous biosorption of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) on C. Vulgaris and R. arrhizus: Application of the competitive adsorption models. Process Biochemistry, 33 (3), 273-281.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 273.pdfAbstract: A process of fully competitive biosorption of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) ions to C. Vulgaris and R. arrhizus from multi-component systems is described and compared to single metal ion situations in solution. The effects of the presence of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) ions together on the biosorption of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) ions were investigated in terms of initial rates of biosorption and equilibrium isotherms. Since initial biosorption rates and equilibrium metal removal decreased with increasing concentrations of the other metal ion, the combined action of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) ions on C. Vulgaris and R. arrhizus was generally found to be antagonistic. In the single ion situation, the adsorption isotherms were developed for optimum conditions and adsorption equilibrium data fitted both the non-competitive Langmuir and Freundlich models. For the multi-component adsorption equilibrium, competitive adsorption isotherms were also developed. The competitive Freundlich model for binary metal mixtures was satisfactory for most adsorption equilibrium data of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) ions on C. Vulgaris, while the competitive Langmuir model and the modified Langmuir model were used successfully to characterize competitive adsorption of Cr(VI) and Fe(III) ions from two component systems by R. arrhizus.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherms, Alga Chlorella-Vulgaris, Biomass, Biosorption, C-Vulgaris, Cadmium, Comparative Study, Competitive Adsorption Models, Concentrations, Cr(VI), Dilute Aqueous-Solutions, Effects, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Ion, Ions, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Metal, Metal Removal, Microorganisms, Mixtures, Model, Models, Modified, Multi-Component, Multicomponent, Process, R-Arrhizus, Removal, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Simultaneous Multielement, Waste Water, Z-RamigeraAksu, Z., E?retli, G. and Kutsal, T. (1998), A comparative study of copper(II) biosorption on Ca-alginate, agarose and immobilized C. Vulgaris in a packed-bed column. Process Biochemistry, 33 (4), 393-400.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 293.pdfAbstract: Little attention has been paid to investigating the effect of operating variables on the metal-ion sorption characteristics of agarose and agarose-micro-organism systems in a fixed bed, although some fragmentary studies related to Ca-alginate and Ca-alginate-micro-organism systems have been reported in the literature. In this study a comparative biosorption of copper(II) ions to Ca-alginate, agarose biopolymers and immobilized C. Vulgaris, a green alga, was investigated in a packed-bed column operated in continuous mode, as a function of the flow rate and inlet metal-ion concentration. The quantities of Cu(II) ions removed relative to the effluent volumes were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates and different inlet Cu(II) concentrations. The data confirmed that early saturation and lower Cu(II) removal was observed at higher flow rates and higher Cu(II) concentrations for all packing materials. Ca-alginate is a good adsorbent of Cu(II) ions and immobilization of C. Vulgaris to Ca-alginate only marginally increased the biosorption yield. However, agarose-immobilized C. Vulgaris clearly increased the biosorption capacity. Agarose and agarose-algae systems showed a rapid Cu(II) uptake initially while Cu(II) ion adsorption to Ca-alginate and Ca-alginate-algae systems was limited initially by the diffusion of the solute through the pores. Total Cu(II) removal by Ca-alginate and immobilized C. Vulgaris was higher than that of agarose and agarose-C. Vulgaris systems over longer time periods.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Agarose, Attention, Binding, Biomass, Biopolymers, Biosorption, C-Vulgaris, Ca-Alginate, Cadmium, Capacity, Cell-Walls, Comparative Study, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Cu(II), Diffusion, Effluent, Fixed Bed, Flow, Function, Heavy-Metals, Immobilization, Immobilized C-Vulgaris, Ion, Ions, Materials, Packed Bed Column, Packed-Bed Column, Removal, Saturation, Sorption, Uptake, Yield, Z-RamigeraSingh, S., Pradhan, S. and Rai, L.C. (1998), Comparative assessment of Fe3+ and Cu2+ biosorption by field and laboratory-grown Microcystis. Process Biochemistry, 33 (5), 495-504.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 495.pdfAbstract: This paper provides first hand information on the metal biosorption by capsulated and decapsulated cells of field and laboratory-grown unicellular cyanobacterium Microcystis. Field-grown capsulated Microcystis showed a higher biosorption efficiency than the decapsulated laboratory-grown one. A higher adsorption capacity of capsulated field and laboratory-grown Micrycystis was further confirmed by respective high K-f values of 2.161 and 1.976 for Fe3+ than 1.761 and 1.569 for Cu2+. Biosorption maxima (saturation) for Fe3+ and Cu2+ were obtained respectively after 20 and 60 min; the rates for biosorption of two metals being 27.04 ?g Fe3+ mg-1min-1 and 3.31 ?g Cu2+ mg-1min-1. In the bimetallic combination of Fe3+ and Cu2+, Fe3+ was more efficiently biosorbed than Cu2+. Application of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms offered support to a multilayer binding for Cu2+ and monolayer for Fe3+. This study suggested that the naturally abundant biomass of otherwise nuisance Microcystis holds great potential for use as biological biosorbent in the removal of heavy metals.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Assessment, Binding, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Capsulated, Capsule or Slime Layer, Cells, Copper, Cu2+, Cyanobacterium, Decapsulated, Efficiency, Fe3+, Freundlich, Green-Alga, Hand, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Information, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherms, Metal, Metals, Microcystis, Monolayer, Paper, Polysaccharide, Removal, Removal of Heavy Metals, Saturation, Support, Toxicity, WastewatersSa?, Y. and Kutsal, T. (1998), The simultaneous biosorption of Cr(VI), Fe(III) and Cu(II) on Rhizopus arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 33 (5), 571-579.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 571.pdfAbstract: The simultaneous biosorption of three metal ions-chromium(VI), iron(III) and copper(II)-has been studied using R. arrhizus. The ability of the fungal biomass to bind three metals simultaneously is shown as a function of levels of metal concentration and ratios of metals. Since the initial biosorption rates, equilibrium and ultimate metal removal decreased with increasing concentrations of the other metal ions, the combined action of Cr(VI), Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions on R. arrhizus was generally found to be antagonistic. Although Cr(VI) ions were adsorbed selectively from the ternary metal mixtures, Fe(III) ions competed strongly with Cr(VI) ions to bind to active sites on the fungus.Keywords: Adsorption, Algal Biomass, Binary Metal Mixtures, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Chlorella-Vulgaris, Chromium(VI), Concentration, Concentrations, Copper(II), Cr(VI), Cr(VI)-Fe(III)-Cu(II), Cu(II), Equilibrium, Function, Fungal Biomass, Fungus, Heavy-Metals, Iron(III), Levels, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal Removal, Metals, Mixtures, Multicomponent, R-Arrhizus, Removal, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Simultaneous Multielement, Sites, Waste WaterAksu, Z. and Yener, J. (1998), Investigation of the biosorption of phenol and monochlorinated phenols on the dried activated sludge. Process Biochemistry, 33 (6), 649-655.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 649.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of phenol, o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions on dried activated sludge has been investigated. The pollutant binding capacity of the biosorbent was shown as a function of initial pH, initial pollutant concentration and substituted group. The maximum loading capacity of biosorbent was found to be 86.1 mg g-1 for phenol, 102.4 mg g-1 for o-chlorophenol and 116.3 mg g-1 for p-chlorophenol at 100 mg litre-1 initial pollutant concentration. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption and the isotherm constants were evaluated for each pollutant. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Batch Stirred Reactor, Binding, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Concentration, Dried Activated Sludge, Freundlich, Function, Group, Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Loading, O-Chlorophenol, P-Chlorophenol, pH, Phenol, Phenols, Pollutant, Removal, SludgeLee, M.Y., Lee, S.H., Shin, H.J., Kajiuchi, T. and Yang, J.W. (1998), Characteristics of lead removal by crab shell particles. Process Biochemistry, 33 (7), 749-753.Full Text: P\Pro Bio33, 749.pdfAbstract: The characteristics of lead removal by crab shell particles were investigated. The removal efficiency of lead was dependent on contact time, initial solution pH, crab shell dose, ionic strength, co-ion concentration and settling time. Approximately 99% of the lead was removed within 2 h after contact with crab shell particles. The removal efficiency was slightly affected by initial solution pH over 3.0. In addition, when the crab shell dose increased from 0.5 to 1.5 g/litre, 84% removal efficiency improved to 99.8% at initial pH 2.0. Maximum uptake of lead was 870 mg Pb/g crab shell at initial pH 3.0. Removal efficiency was not affected by ionic strength up to 1.0 M of NaNO3. Co-ions such as Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ did not decrease the removal efficiency significantly. All the solids formed in ‘crab shell-free’ solutions were difficult to settle. In contrast, in ‘crab shell’ solutions, the solids quickly settled which might be as a result of the adsorption of lead precipitates on the surface of the crab shell particles. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption, Calcium Carbonate, Cd2+, Chitin, Concentration, Crab, Crab Shell, Cu2+, Efficiency, Ionic Strength, Lead, Lead Removal, Particles, pH, Precipitation, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Solution pH, Strength, Surface, Uptake, Zn2+Bohdziewicz, J. (1998), Biodegradation of phenol by enzymes from Pseudomonas sp. immobilized onto ultrafiltration membranes. Process Biochemistry, 33 (8), 811-818.Full Text: 1998\Pro Bio33, 811.pdfAbstract: A method of immobilizing enzymes from Pseudomonas sp. that decompose phenol on polymeric ultrafiltration membranes is described. Transport-separation properties of neutral and enzymic membranes have been compared and the optimal ultrafiltration process parameters of a model phenol solution have been determined. The immobilized enzyme system was applied to the biodegradation of phenol in coke wastewaters. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Biodegradation, Coke Wastewater, Enzymic Membranes, Immobilization of Enzymes, Phenol Decomposition, Ultrafiltration, Wastewater TreatmentZheng, Z.X., Levin, R.E., Pinkham, J.L. and Shetty, K. (1999), Decolorization of polymeric dyes by a novel Penicillium isolate. Process Biochemistry, 34 (1), 31-37.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 31.pdfAbstract: A novel polymeric dye-degrading fungal strain ATCC 74414 was isolated. Taxonomic identification including morphological and cultural characterization indicated that this isolate was a strain of Penicillium, Strain ATCC 74414 aerobically decolorized both Poly R-478 and Poly S-119 in liquid media containing 0.01% of polymeric dyes. The decolorization rate was examined in three distinct liquid media: Schenk and Hildebrandt-K2SO4 medium (SHK), potato dextrose broth (PDB), and half Murashige-Skoog medium (HMS). Strain ATCC 74414 rapidly decolorized R-478 in SHK medium but the color was subsequently released from the mycelial mass into the medium after 2-3 days, indicating that the decolorization in SHK medium could be due to adsorption of Poly R-478 by the mycelia. In contrast, in HMS and PDB media ATCC 74414 decolorized Poly R-478 more steadily, and the: dye was initially adsorbed onto the mycelia and was subsequently decolorized without being released into the medium. Strain ATCC 74414 also decolorized Poly S-119 steadily in SHK, HMS and PDB media. It appears that the decolorization process involved initial mycelial adsorption of dye compounds, which was probably followed by biodegradation through microbial metabolism, and the decolorization may be affected by medium constituents. Although aerobic decolorization map not necessarily lead to complete mineralization of dyes, these results have suggested the potential of strain ATCC 74414 in bioremediation of dye-contaminated water and soil. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Aerobic, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Characterization, Decolorization, Degradation, Dye, Dyes, Effluent, Identification, Lead, Media, Metabolism, Microbial, Mineralization, Penicillium, Peroxidase-Catalyzed Oxidation, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Polymeric, Polymeric Dyes, Potato, Process, Reactive Dyes, Soil, Sulfonated Azo Dyes, Water, Yellow-3Ahuja, P., Gupta, R. and Saxena, R.K. (1999), Zn2+ biosorption by Oscillatoria anguistissima. Process Biochemistry, 34 (1), 77-85.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 77.pdfAbstract: Oscillatoria anguistissima showed a very high capacity for Zn2+ biosorption (641 mgg-1 dry biomass at a residual concentration of 129.2 ppm) from solution and was comparable to the commercial ion-exchange resin IRA-400C. Zn2+ biosorption was rapid, pH dependent and temperature independent phenomenon. Zn2+ adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The specific uptake (mgg-1 dry biomass) of metal decreased with increase in biomass concentration. Pretreatment of biomass did not significantly affect the biosorption capacity of O. anguistissima. The biosorption of zinc by O. anguistissima was an ion-exchange phenomenon as a large concentration of magnesium ions were released during zinc adsorption. The zinc bound to the biomass could be effectively stripped using EDTA (10 mM) and the biomass was effectively used for multiple sorption-desorption cycles with in-between charging of the biomass with tap water washings. The native biomass could also efficiently remove zinc from effluents obtained from Indian mining industries.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Affect, Biomass, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cell-Walls, Concentration, Copper, Edta, Effluents, Equilibrium Kinetics, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Langmuir, Magnesium, Metal, Mining, Models, Oscillatoria, pH, Recovery, Removal, Resin, Temperature, Uptake, Water, Zinc, Zn2+Suhasini, I.P., Sriram, G., Asolekar, S.R. and Sureshkumar, G.K. (1999), Biosorptive removal and recovery of cobalt from aqueous systems. Process Biochemistry, 34 (3), 239-247.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 239.pdfAbstract: Equilibrium and kinetic aspects of cobalt biosorption onto a new biosorbent, PFB1, were studied. The biosorbent, PFB1, had a specific surface area of 256.8 m2g-1 and showed high equilibrium capacities for cobalt uptake, the highest being 190 mg g-1 in the range of concentrations employed. The equilibrium uptake increased and then decreased with initial pH with the highest uptake at pH 7. The equilibrium uptake also decreased with increasing temperature in the range 30-45°C. The kinetics of cobalt uptake were analysed using mathematical models and the external mass transfer coefficient for cobalt biosorption on PFB1 was 0.075 m s-1. EDAX and EPR studies indicated involvement of an ion-exchange mechanism and free-radical interaction in the biosorption process. Desorption/readsorption studies for three adsorption-desorption cycles were carried out with acidic, basic and salt desorbents and the highest desorption efficiencies of 92.5% and 70.5% at the end of the first and third cycles, respectively, were obtained with 0.1 N HCl as the desorbent. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption-Desorption, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cobalt, Concentrations, Desorption, Edax, Epr, Equilibrium, External Mass Transfer, Free Radical, HCl, Heavy-Metals, Interaction, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Kinetic, Kinetics, Mass Transfer, Mass-Transfer, Mathematical Models, Mechanism, Models, pH, Process, Range, Recovery, Removal, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Surface, Surface Area, Temperature, Transfer, Transfer Coefficient, UptakeVegliò, F., Beolchini, F., Boaro, M., Lora, S., Corain, B. and Toro, L. (1999), Poly(hydroxiethyl methacrylate) resins as supports for copper(II) biosorption with Arthrobacter sp.: Matrix nanomorphology and sorption performances. Process Biochemistry, 34 (4), 367-737.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 367.pdfAbstract: Arthrobacter sp. was entrapped inside a macro- and microporous matrix build up with poly(hydroxiethyl methacrylate) (Poly-HEMA) cross-linked with trimethylolpropanetrime-thacrylate (TMPTM). The resin-biomass complex (RBC) was prepared with different characteristics according to a factorial experiment. Factors investigated were: crosslinker (TMPTM) molar fraction, biomass concentration in the solid and particles granulometry. The nanomorphology and molecular accessibility of resins with different cross-linker concentrations have been studied with ISEC (Inverse Steric Exclusion Chromatography). Results indicated an essentially monodispersed structure of resins, with lower crosslinker weight fractions and a bidispersed structure of the resin with the highest cross-linking degree. Copper biosorption performances were examined with an analysis of variance (ANOVA), considering the specific uptake at equilibrium and the delay time as responses of the process. The analysis evidenced: (i) a negative effect (significance 97%) of biomass concentration on the maximum specific uptake; (II) a positive effect (98%) of biomass concentration on the delay time; (iii) a positive effect (99.9%) of granulometry on the delay time; and (iv) a negative effect (99.1%) of the interaction between cross-linker and biomass concentration on the delay time. A maximum copper specific uptake of about 0.6 mg Cu g-1 RBC (7 mg Cu g-1 biomass d.w.) has been observed, in the case of a RBC with the following characteristics: 2% w cross-linker concentration, 8% w biomass concentration, 425-750 ?m granulometry. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Analysis, Anova, Arthrobacter sp., Biomass, Biosorption, Complex, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper, Cross-Linking, Crosslinking, Cu, Equilibrium, Experiment, Fractions, Immobilised Biomass, Interaction, ISEC, Metal Biosorption, Microporous, Particles, Process, Removal, Resin, Resins, Sorption, Structure, Supports, Uptake? Ar?ca, M.Y., Hal?c?gil, C., Alaeddino?lu, G. and Denizli, A. (1999), Affinity interaction of hydroxypyruvate reductase from Methylophilus spp. with Cibacron blue F3GA-derived poly(HEMA EGDMA) microspheres: partial purification and characterization. Process Biochemistry, 34 (4), 375-381.Full Text: 1999\Pro Bio34, 375.pdfAbstract: A methylotrophic hydroxypyruvate reductase was partially purified and characterized from Methylophilus spp. using the biomimetic dye, Cibacron Blue F3FA attached to poly(HEMA-EGDMA) microspheres. The absorption capacities of the dye-affinity microspheres were determined by changing pH and the concentration of the proteins in the adsorption medium. Hydroxypyruvate reductase was desorbed from the dye-affinity support specifically with 2 mM NADH solution. The enzyme was purified 10.4-fold with 47% yield. The molecular mass and subunit molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 75 kDa and 37 kDa on the basis of its mobility in polyacrylamide and SDS-polyacrylamide gels, respectively. This suggested a homogeneous dimer structure. The optimal pH was between 5.0 and 7.0, and the maximum enzyme activity was obtained at 50°C. The K-m values of hydroxpyruvate reductase were 0.222 mM for hydroxpyruvate and 0.067 mM for NADH. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Absorption, Activity, Adsorption, Affinity Adsorption, Boidinii Formate Dehydrogenase, Characterization, Chromatography, Cibacron Blue F3GA, Concentration, Dye, Dye-Ligand, Enzyme, Gels, Homogeneous, Hydroxypyruvate Reductase, Interaction, Lactate-Dehydrogenase, Membranes, Methylophilus spp., Methylotroph, Microspheres, Mobility, Nadh, Nadh Dependent Enzyme, pH, Poly(Hema-Egdma) Microspheres, Polyacrylamide, Proteins, Purification, Separation, Structure, Support, YieldAhn, D.H., Chang, W.S. and Yoon, T.I. (1999), Dyestuff wastewater treatment using chemical oxidation, physical adsorption and fixed bed biofilm process. Process Biochemistry, 34 (5), 429-439.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 429.pdfAbstract: Fenton’s oxidation and activated carbon adsorption were examined as pretreatment processes for dyestuff wastewater having high salinity, colour, and non-biodegradable organic concentrations. In this work, each wastewater stream produced by individual production processes was classified as streams R1, R2, and R3. The stream having a value of BOD5/COD lower than 0.4 was pretreated by Fenton’s oxidation or activated carbon adsorption to increase the ratio of BOD5/COD which indicates biodegradability. For Fenton’s oxidation with one stream having a value of BOD5/COD lower than 0.4, the optimal reaction pH was 3.0 and the minimum dosing concentration (mg l-1) of H2O2: FeSO4. 7H2O was 700: 3500. Stream R3, which consisted mainly of methanol was efficiently treated by activated carbon adsorption. The ratio of BOD5/COD was also increased to 0.432 and 0.31 from 0.06 in Fenton’s oxidation and activated carbon adsorption, respectively. A biological treatment system using a fixed bed reactor was also investigated to enhance biological treatment efficiency at various hydraulic retention times, pretreatment conditions by Fenton’s reagent and salt concentrations by dyestuff wastewater. In addition, the efficiency of Fenton’s oxidation as a post-treatment system was also investigated to present a total treatment process of dyestuff wastewater. As the influent COD and salinity were increased, the effluent SS and COD were consequently increased. However, as the microorganisms became adapted to the changed influent condition, the treatment efficiency of the fixed bed reactor quickly recovered under the high COD and salinity since the microorganisms were well adapted to toxic influent conditions. A wastewater treatment process consisting of chemical oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, fixed bed biofilm process and Fenton’s oxidation as a post-treatment system can be useful to treat dyestuff wastewater having high salinity, colour, and non-biodegradable organic concentration. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Adsorption, Adsorption, Biodegradability, Biodegradation, Biofilm, Biological Treatment, BOD5, COD, Carbon, Chemical, COD, Colour, Concentration, Concentrations, Condition, Dyestuff, Dyestuff Wastewater, Efficiency, Effluent, Effluents, Fenton’s Oxidation, Fenton’s Reagent, Fentons Reagent, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Biofilm Process, Ion, Methanol, Optimal Pretreatment Condition, Organic, Oxidation, pH, Physical, Physical Adsorption, Pretreatment, Process, Production, Reaction, Reactor, Retention, Salinity, Stream, Streams, Toxic, Treatment, Treatment Efficiency, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Water TreatmentNotes: highly cited (> 1000)Ho, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1999), Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochemistry, 34 (5), 451-465.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 451.pdfAbstract: A literature review of the use of sorbents and biosorbents to treat polluted aqueous effluents containing dyes/organics or metal ions has been conducted. Over 70 systems have been reported since 1984 and over 43 of these reported the mechanism as being a pseudo-first order kinetic mechanism. Three sorption kinetic models are presented in this paper and have been used to test 11 of the literature systems previously reported as first order kinetics and one system previously reported as a second order process. In all 12 systems, the highest correlation coefficients were obtained for the pseudo-second order kinetic model.Keywords: Aqueous, Aqueous-Solution, Biogas Residual Slurry, Biosorbents, China, Color Removal, Correlation, Elsevier, Fe(III), Cr(III) Hydroxide, First Order, Fly-Ash, Hexavalent Chromium, Hong Kong, Industry Waste-Water, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Literature, Literature Review, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Models, Peanut Hull Carbon, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Review, Science, Second Order, Sorption, Sphagnum Moss Peat, SystemAksu, Z., ?alik, A., Dursun, A.Y. and Demircan, Z. (1999), Biosorption of iron(III)-cyanide complex anions to Rhizopus arrhizus: Application of adsorption isotherms. Process Biochemistry, 34 (5), 483-491.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 483.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of iron(III)-cyanide complex anions to Rhizopus arrhizus was investigated. The iron(III)-cyanide complex ion binding capacity of the biosorbent was a function of initial pH, initial iron(III)-cyanide complex ion and biosorbent concentration. These results indicated that a significant reduction of iron(III)-cyanide complex ions was achieved at pH 13, a highly alkaline condition. The maximum loading capacity of biosorbent was 612.2 mgg-1 at 1996.2 mglitre-1 initial iron(III)-cyanide complex ion concentration at this pH. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson adsorption models were fitted to the equilibrium data at pH 3.0, 7.0 and 13.0. The equilibrium data could be best fitted to by all the adsorption models over the entire concentration range (50-2000 mglitre-1) at pH 13.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Anions, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch Stirred Reactor, Binding, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Complex, Concentration, Condition, Cyanides, Dyes, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Function, Ion, Iron(III)-Cyanide Complex Anions, Iron(III)-Cyanide Complex Ions, Isotherms, Langmuir, Loading, Models, pH, Range, Redlich-Peterson, Reduction, Removal, Rhizopus ArrhizusAksu, Z. and A?ikel, ?. (1999), A single-staged bioseparation process for simultaneous removal of copper(II) and chromium(VI) by using C. Vulgaris. Process Biochemistry, 34 (6-7), 589-599.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 589.pdfAbstract: The simultaneous biosorption of copper(II) and chromium(VI) to C. Vulgaris from binary metal mixtures was investigated in a single-staged batch reactor as a function of V0/X0 ratio (volume of wastewater containing heavy metal mixture/quantity of biosorbent) at different orders of second metal ion addition and at pH values of 2.0 and 4.0 chosen as the optimum biosorption pH values for chromium(VI) and copper(II), respectively. The increase in biomass quantity (or the decrease of V0/X0 ratio) with the addition of the second metal ion affected the removed quantities of chromium(VI) and copper(II) due to pH. The sorption phenomenon was expressed by the competitive, multi-component Freundlich adsorption isotherm and this expression was used for calculating each residual or adsorbed metal ion concentration at equilibrium (Ceq, Ci or Cad, Ceq, Ci) at a constant V0/X0 ratio for a given combination of heavy metals in a single-staged batch reactor. Experimental Ceq, Ci values were compared to those calculated and graphically determined.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Binary Mixture Of Copper(II)-Chromium(VI), Binding, Biomass, Bioseparation, Biosorbent, Biosorption, C-Vulgaris, C.Vulgaris, Cadmium, Cell-Walls, Chlorella-Vulgaris, Chlorrela-Vulgaris, Chromium(VI), Concentration, Copper(II), Equilibrium, Freundlich, Function, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Ion, Isotherm, Metal, Metal-Ions, Metals, Mixtures, Models, Multi-Component, pH, pH Values, Process, Quantity, Reactor, Removal, Simultaneous Biosorption, Single-Staged Biosorption, Sorption, WastewaterKim, Y.H., Park, J.Y., Yoo, Y.J. and Kwak, J.W. (1999), Removal of lead using xanthated marine brown alga, Undaria pinnatifida. Process Biochemistry, 34 (6-7), 647-652.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 647.pdfAbstract: Sulphur groups were introduced onto the cell surface of Undaria pinnatifida to increase the sorption capacity for lead ions. The total sulphur content of the cell approached 13.8% (w/w) through xanthation. Xanthate groups introduced onto the cell wall of Undaria pinnatifida enabled the biomass to adsorb lead ion three times more than the control and the sorption capacity approached 1000 mglead g-1. Increased affinity for lead ions was thought to be due to the fact that sulphur groups have the ability to make strong sulphur-metal complexes compared with that of the carboxyl group. The removal efficiencies of several metal ions were changed for various pH conditions. Since the removal order was; Cu2+ = Cd2+ = Pb2+ much greater than Ni2+ = Zn2+ > Co2+ much greater than Ca2+ > Mg2+, the selective adsorption for lead, cadmium and copper ions was possible.Keywords: Adsorption, Affinity, Biomass, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd2+, Cell Wall, Complexes, Control, Copper, Cu2+, Group, Groups, Ion, Lead, Lead Ions, Lead Removal, Marine, Marine Brown Alga, Metal, Metal Ions, Pb2+, pH, Removal, Selective, Selective Adsorption, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sulphur, Surface, Undaria Pinnatifida, Xanthation, Zn2+Sa?lam, N., Say, R., Denizli, A., Patir, S. and Ar?ca, M.Y. (1999), Biosorption of inorganic mercury and alkylmercury species on to Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelium. Process Biochemistry, 34 (6-7), 725-730.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 725.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of inorganic mercury (HgCl2), methyl mercury (CH3HgCl) and ethyl mercury (C2H5HgCl) onto the dry biomass of Phanerochaete chryosponum was studied from aqueous media which concentrations in the range of 5-500 mg l-1. The surface charge density varied with pH, and the concentration of mercury species adsorbed significantly increased from pH 3.0 to maximum levels at pH 8.0. The biosorption of mercury ions by Phanerochaete chrysosporium increased as the initial concentration of Hg(II) ion increased in the adsorption medium. A biosorption equilibrium were established after about 6 h, the adsorbed Hg(II) ion did not significantly change further with time. The dissociation constant (kd) values were 72, 63, and 61 mg l-1 for CH3HgCl, C2H5HgCl and for Hg(II), respectively. The maximum biosorption capacity (q(m)) at pH 7.0 was 79 mg for CH3HgCl, 67 mg for C2H5HgCl and 61 mg for Hg(II) per g of dried fungal biomass. The affinity order of mercury species was CH3HgCl > C2H5HgCl > and Hg(II). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Accumulation, Acid, Adsorption, Affinity, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Bacteria, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Capacity, Concentration, Concentrations, Density, Dissociation, Equilibrium, Fungal Biomass, Gas Chromatography, Hg(II), Inorganic, Ion, Ions, Levels, Media, Mercury, Organomercury, pH, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Range, Removal, Surface, Surface Charge, Toxic Metals, WasteD?nmez, G.?., Aksu, Z., ?ztürk, A. and Kutsal, T. (1999), A comparative study on heavy metal biosorption characteristics of some algae. Process Biochemistry, 34 (9), 885-892.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 885.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of copper(II), nickel(II) and chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions on dried (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Synechocystis sp.) algae were tested under laboratory conditions as a function of pH, initial metal ion and biomass concentrations. Optimum adsorption pH values of copper(II), nickel(II) and chromium(VI) were determined as 5.0, 4.5 and 2.0. respectively, for all three algae. At the optimal conditions, metal ion uptake increased with initial metal ion concentration up to 250 mg l-1. Experimental results also showed the influence of the alga concentration on the metal uptake for all the species. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were suitable for describing the short-term biosorption of copper(IT), nickel(II) and chromium(VI) by all the algal species. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Algae, Binding, Biomass, Biosorption, C-Vulgaris, Cadmium, Cell-Walls, Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlorella-Vulgaris, Chromium(VI), Comparative Study, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper(II), Cyanobacteria, Freundlich, Function, Heavy Metal, Ion, Ions, Langmuir, Lead, Marine-Algae, Metal, Metal Uptake, Microalgae, Models, Nickel(II), pH, pH Values, S-Obliquus, Scenedesmus, Synechocystis sp., UptakeDursun, A.Y., ?alik, A. and Aksu, Z. (1999), Degradation of ferrous(II) cyanide complex ions by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Process Biochemistry, 34 (9), 901-908.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 901.pdfAbstract: Degradation of ferrous(II) cyanide complex (ferrocyanide) ions by free cells of P. fluorescens in the presence of glucose and dissolved oxygen was investigated as a function of initial pH, initial ferrocyanide and glucose concentrations and aeration rate in a batch fermenter. The microorganism used the ferrocyanide ions as the sole source of nitrogen. The ferrocyanide biodegradation rate was 30.7 mg g-1 h-1 under the conditions of initial pH: 5, stirring rate: 150 rpm, aeration rate: 0.15 vvm, initial ferrous(II) cyanide complex ion and glucose concentrations: 100 mg l-1 and 0.465 g l-1, respectively. The culture utilized glucose as the main substrate following the non-competitive toxic component inhibition model in the presence of 100 mg l-1 initial ferrous(II) cyanide complex ion concentration. The inhibition of ferrous(II) cyanide complex ions as a secondary substrate began at very low concentrations. A mathematical model, based on non-competitive substrate inhibition was used to describe the inhibitory effect of ferrous(II) cyanide complex ions on the growth of microorganism and the best fitted model parameters were determined by non-linear regression techniques. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Ferrous(II) Cyanide Complex (Ferrocyanide) Ions, Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Biodegradation, Batch Fermenter, Nitrogen, Growth?zer, A., ?zer, D. and Ekiz, H.?. (1999), Application of Freundlich and Langmuir models to multistage purification process to remove heavy metal ions by using Schizomeris leibleinii. Process Biochemistry, 34 (9), 919-927.Full Text: P\Pro Bio34, 919.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of iron(III), lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions onto Schizomeris leibleinii, a green alga, was studied with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial metal ion and biomass concentration to determine the optimum adsorption conditions. Optimum initial pH for iron(III), lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions were 2.5, 4.5 and 5.0 at optimum temperature 30°C, respectively. The initial adsorption rates increased with increasing initial iron(III), lead(II) and cadmium(II) ion concentrations up to 100, 100 and 150 mg l-1, respectively. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were developed at various initial pH and temperature values. The adsorption of these metal ions to S. leibleinii was investigated in a two-stage mixed batch reactor. The residual metal ion concentrations (Ceq) at equilibrium at each stage for a given ‘quantity of dried algae (X0)/volume of solution containing heavy metal ion (V0)’ ratio were calculated using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm constants. The experimental biosorption equilibrium data for iron(III), lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions were in good agreement with those calculated by both Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorbed iron(III), lead(II) and cadmium(II) ion concentrations increased with increasing X0/V0 ratios while the adsorbed metal quantities per unit mass of dried algae decreased. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Alga Chlorella-Vulgaris, Algae, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium(II), Chromium(VI), Concentration, Concentrations, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ion, Heavy Metal Ions, Ion, Iron(III), Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead(II), Metal, Metal Ions, Models, Multistage Purification Process, pH, Process, Purification, Quantity, Ramigera, Reactor, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Schizomeris Leibleinii, Temperature, UraniumChristov, L.P., van Driessel, B. and du Plessis, C.A. (1999), Fungal biomass from Rhizomucor pusillus as adsorbent of chromophores from a bleach plant effluent. Process Biochemistry, 35 (1-2), 91-95.Full Text: P\Pro Bio35, 91.pdfAbstract: Biomass of the mucoralean fungus Rhizomucor pusillus was examined as adsorbent of colour from a bleach plant effluent. Strong colour adsorption was observed in the first few hours of effluent treatment: 43 and 48% of colour being removed after 2 and 8 h, respectively. It appeared that the effluent contained a fraction of coloured compounds (approximately 50% of total) which was resistant to biosoption. R. pusillus could grow and tolerate temperatures of up to 55°C and retain 85% of its decolouring abilities at 55°C as compared to 30°C. For comparative purposes, activated carbon, a strong anion exchanger, a strong cation exchanger, chitin and chitosan were investigated as decolouring agents of bleach plant effluent. The possibility of complete regeneration of biomass and reuse on effluent was demonstrated. Only partial restoration of the decolouring activities of the commercial physico-chemical adsorbents was obtained, suggesting chemisorption of coloured compounds onto the sorbent material. Under the conditions used in this study, the following descending order of colour removal from bleach plant effluent was established: biomass (51%) > strong anion exchanger (48%) > activated carbon (37%) > chitosan (34%) > chitin (7%) > strong cation exchanger (4%).Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Agents, Anion-Exchanger, Biodegradation, Biomass, Biosorption, Bleach Plant Effluent, Carbon, Cation Exchanger, Chemisorption, Chitin, Chitosan, Colour, Colour Removal, Decolorization, Desorption, Dye, Effluent, Effluent Treatment, Fungus, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Physico-Chemical Adsorbents, Plant, Regeneration, Removal, Resistant, Restoration, Reuse, Rhizomucor Pusillus Biomass, Treatment, WastewatersD?nmez, G. and Aksu, Z. (1999), The effect of copper(II) ions on the growth and bioaccumulation properties of some yeasts. Process Biochemistry, 35 (1-2), 135-142.Full Text: P\Pro Bio35, 135.pdfAbstract: The influence of copper(II) ions on the growth and bioaccumulation properties of adapted and growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida sp. was studied. The level of copper(II) accumulation and microbial growth were dependent on the pH and initial copper(II) concentration. Optimum pH values for maximum copper(II) accumulation were determined as 4.0. 5.0, 4.0 and 4.0 for S, cerevisiae, K. marxianus, S. pombe and Candida sp., respectively. The results indicated that Candida sp. and K. marxianus are able to accumulate large amounts of copper(II) from feed medium at higher copper(II) concentrations without loosing their biological activities. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Accumulation, Adapted and Growing Yeasts, Bioaccumulation, Biosorption, Cells, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Feed, Growth, Heavy-Metals, Kluyveromyces Marxianus, Microbial, pH, pH Values, Properties, Removal, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Thiobacillus-Ferrooxidans Biomass, WaterAksu, Z., Akpinar, D., Kabasakal, E. and K?se, B. (1999), Simultaneous biosorption of phenol and nickel(II) from binary mixtures onto dried aerobic activated sludge. Process Biochemistry, 35 (3-4), 301-308.Full Text: P\Pro Bio35, 301.pdfAbstract: Although the biosorption of single and multi-metal ions to various kinds of microorganisms has been extensively studied, very little attention has been given to the bioremoval of organic-metal ion mixtures. In this study, the uptake of phenol and nickel(II) ions, both singly and in combination, by dried aerobic activated sludge was studied in a batch system. The effects of initial pH and single-and dual-component concentrations on the equilibrium uptakes were investigated. The optimum initial biosorption pH was determined as 4.5 for nickel(II) ions and as 1.0 for phenol. Multi-component biosorption studies were performed at these two initial pH values. It was observed that the equilibrium uptakes of phenol and nickel(II) ions were changed due to the initial biosorption pH and the presence of other components. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Aerobic, Attention, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorption, Chlorrela-Vulgaris, Concentrations, Cr(VI), Dried Aerobic Activated Sludge, Effects, Equilibrium, Ion, Metals, Mixtures, Multi-Component Biosorption, Nickel(II), pH, pH Values, Phenol, Sludge, UptakeDursun, A.Y. and Aksu, Z. (2000), Biodegradation kinetics of ferrous(II) cyanide complex ions by immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens in a packed bed column reactor. Process Biochemistry, 35 (6), 615-622.Full Text: P\Pro Bio35, 615.pdfAbstract: Combined external mass transfer and intrinsic biodegradation effects on the observed biodegradation rate were investigated for ferrous(II) cyanide complex (ferrocyanide) ions removal with calcium-alginate gel immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens in a packed bed column reactor. Assuming first-order biodegradation kinetics, observed first-order biodegradation rate constants (k(p)) were calculated at different flow rates. To investigate the effect of external film diffusion on the observed biodegradation rate, several external mass transfer correlation models of the type J(D) = KNRe-(1-n) were tested and the mass transfer coefficients (k(l)) were calculated as a function of the mass flux (G) and the Reynolds number (N-Re) at different K and n values. The intrinsic first-order biodegradation rate constants (k) and the surface areas per unit weight of dried cells for mass transfer (a(m)) were determined from ilk, versus 1/G(n) plots at the same n values. Combining the k and k, a, values, the observed first-order biodegradation rate constants (k(p)) were calculated again at the same n values and compared with the k, values determined from experimental data. The mass transfer correlation J(D) Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Ferrous(II) Cyanide Complex (Ferrocyanide) Ions, Ca-Alginate Gel Immobilized Pseudomonas, Fluorescens, Packed Bed, External Mass Transfer Coefficient, First-Order Biodegradation, Mass-Transfer, Whole Cells, Nitrogen, Removal, Putida, GrowthSa?, Y., Yal?uk, A. and Kütsal, T. (2000), Mono and multi-component biosorption of heavy metal ions on Rhizopus arrhizus in a CFST. Process Biochemistry, 35 (8), 787-799.Full Text: P\Pro Bio35, 787.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of three divalent metal ions (lead, nickel and copper) in single component, binary and ternary systems has been studied using Rhizopus arrhizus, a filamentous fungus, in a continuous-flow stirred-tank contactor (CFST). For the prediction of the performance of CFST for mono and multi-component biosorption of heavy metal ions, a mathematical model based on mass balances for liquid and solid phases has been used. Initially mono-component biosorption was considered and the values of the forward and backward rate constants, K1 and K2, were calculated and were used for modelling of the multi-component biosorption in the CFST. The model generated concentration curves that compared favourably to experimental results. The relative capacities in the ternary metal mixtures were in the order Pb(II) > NI(II)> Cu(II), in agreement with the single and dual component data.Keywords: Biomass, Biosorption, Chromatography, Concentration, Continuous-Flow Stirred-Tank Contactor, Copper, Copper(II), Cu(II), Fungus, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Lead, Mass Balances, Mathematical Model, Metal, Metal Ions, Mixtures, Model, Modelling, Multi-Component, Multi-Component Biosorption, Nickel, Nickel(II), Pb(II), Pb(II)-Ni(II)-Cu(II), Performance, Prediction, Ramigera, Recovery, Removal, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Scale, Waste WaterSa?, Y. and Kutsal, T. (2000), Determination of the biosorption activation energies of heavy metal ions on Zoogloea Ramigera and Rhizopus arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 35 (8), 801-807.Full Text: P\Pro Bio35, 801.pdfAbstract: The activation energies of Fe(III) and Pb(II) ions on Zoogloea Ramigera and Fe(III), Cr(VI) and Ni(II) ions on Rhizopus arrhizus were determined using the Arrhenius equation. Batch adsorption kinetics was described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The applicability of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model for the metal-microorganism systems was tested at different temperatures in the range 15-45°C. With respect to the magnitude of the activation energy of biosorption, the dominant adsorption mechanism in the whole biosorption process was proposed for each metal-microorganism system.Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Mechanism, Biomass, Biosorption, Chromium(VI), Cr(VI), Energy, Equilibrium, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Kinetics, Langmuir-Hinshelwood Model, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Models, Ni(II), Pb(II), Process, R-Arrhizus, R-Arrhizus, Range, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Temperature Effect, Vulgaris, Z-Ramigera? Lante, A., Crapisi, A., Krastanov, A. and Spettoli, P. (2000), Biodegradation of phenols by laccase immobilised in a membrane reactor. Process Biochemistry, 36 (1-2), 51-58.Full Text: HYPERLINK "C:/Users/YSHo/AppData/Roaming/Microsoft/Word/2000/Pro Bio36, 51.pdf"2000\Pro Bio36, 51.pdfAbstract: The results of a study of immobilisation of a commercial laccase onto a spiral-wound asymmetric polyethersulphone membrane are described. The immobilised enzyme system displayed a promising half-life of more than 150 h for oxidation of syringaldazine. The laccase membrane reactor was applied to the biodegradation of a model phenol solution containing 18 phenolic substrates, including chlorophenols, cresols and methoxyphenols. It has been confirmed that the type and/or the position of substituent group affect the level of substrate oxidation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Affect, Biodegradation, Chlorophenols, Enzyme, Group, Half-Life, Immobilisation, Immobilised Enzyme, Immobilization, Laccase, Membrane, Membrane Reactor, Model, Oxidation, Phenol, Phenols, Position, Reactor, Substrate, Transformation, Tyrosinase, WaterLow, K.S., Lee, C.K. and Liew, S.C. (2000), Sorption of cadmium and lead from aqueous solutions by spent grain. Process Biochemistry, 36 (1-2), 59-64.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 59.pdfAbstract: The sorption of cadmium and lead from aqueous solutions by spent grain, a by-product of the brewing process, was investigated. The effects of solution pH, ionic strength, initial concentration, ligands and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum sorption capacities of 17.3 and 35.5 mg/g of cadmium and lead on spent grain, respectively. The enthalpy of sorption was endothermic and the increase in Pb uptake was larger than that of Cd over the same rise in temperature. The initial uptake was rapid and equilibrium was established in less than 120 min. Good correlation coefficients were obtained for the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Equimolar concentrations of Cd and Pb to ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid almost completely suppressed the uptake of metals. Sorption capacities of spent grain for cadmium and lead were compared with some low-cost biological materials. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Batch Experiments, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cd, Column, Concentration, Concentrations, Correlation, Effects, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metals, Hulls, Ionic Strength, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Materials, Metals, Model, Pb, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Solution pH, Sorbents, Sorption, Spent Grain, Strength, Temperature, Uptake, WaterSa?, Y. and Aktay, Y. (2000), Mass transfer and equilibrium studies for the sorption of chromium ions onto chitin. Process Biochemistry, 36 (1-2), 157-173.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 157.pdfAbstract: The kinetics and equilibrium of chromium sorption onto chitin were studied with respect to pH, particle size, initial metal ion concentration, sorbent concentration and stirring rate. In order to select the main rate-limiting step in the overall uptake mechanism, a single external mass transfer diffusion model and intraparticular mass transfer diffusion models were used. External film mass transfer coefficients gave a mean value of 1.16×10-3 cms-1. Chromium sorption onto chitin was mainly located on the surface. However, the stirring rate had no noticeable effect on the overall uptake rate of chromium. This observation led to the conclusion that external mass transfer resistance was not the major limiting phenomenon. Intraparticle diffusion coefficients gave a mean value of 2.78×10-3 mmol g-1s-0.5 (0.17 mmolg-1h-0.5), indicating a poor intraparticular diffusion into the chitin or into the pores. The equilibrium isotherms were analysed using the monolayer and multilayer sorption models. Finally, the chromium binding capacity of chitin was compared with that of Rhizopus arrhizus, which possesses a high chitin content in the cell wall. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Binding, Biosorption, Capacity, Cell Wall, Chitin, Chromium, Chromium Ions, Concentration, Copper, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, External Film Mass Transfer Coefficient, External Mass Transfer, Film, Intraparticle Diffusion Coefficient, Ion, Isotherms, Kinetics, Mass Transfer, Mass Transfer Resistance, Mechanism, Metal, Metals, Model, Models, Modified Chitosan, Monolayer, Observation, Particle, Particle Size, pH, Rate Limiting, Rate Limiting Step, Removal, Resistance, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Sorption, Sorption Models, Surface, Transfer, Uptake, Waste-WaterSingh, S., Pradhan, S. and Rai, L.C. (2000), Metal removal from single and multimetallic systems by different biosorbent materials as evaluated by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Process Biochemistry, 36 (1-2), 175-182.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 175.pdfAbstract: This paper provides information on the use of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) for the measurement of the metal biosorption potential of Lemna, Microcystis field-grown (MF), Microcystis lab-grown (ML) and Spirogyra from aqueous solution containing Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in single, bi-, tri-and multimetallic mixture. This technique was useful for the evaluation of different metal species (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+) that exist in the test solution. Free-floating Lemna exhibited the highest (94%) Pb2+ biosorption. This, in turn, was followed by MF (89.5%), ML (78.8%) and Spirogyra (58.4%) in single metal condition. The dead biomass of test organisms exhibited the following order of metal biosorption: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. In sharp contrast to single metal system, the biosorption of Cd was greater than Zn in tri-and multimetallic combination. Results indicated the following metal sorption capabilities in both single and multimetallic systems: Lemna > MF > ML > Spirogyra. All bimetallic combinations showed antagonistic interaction. Pb2+ biosorption by Lemna, MF and hit from multimetallic combination did not depict any deviation from the single metal ion system. However, synergistic interaction (6-7% higher) for Cu2+ + Cd2+ + Pb2+ and Zn2+ + Cd2+ + Pb2+ combination was observed for Spirogyra. Contrary to the above, the Cu2+ + Zn2+ + Pb2+ combination showed antagonistic behaviour with Spirogyra. The biosorption of Pb2+ was never affected by the presence of other metals tested. The IR data also supported a preferential biosorption of Pb2+ and revealed that-COOH plays a major role in metal binding onto biomass surface. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Antagonistic Interaction, Aqueous Solution, Binding, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cd, Cd2+, Chlorella-Vulgaris, Condition, Copper, Cu, Cu2+, Differential, Dpasv, Evaluation, Heavy-Metals, Information, Interaction, Ion, Ions, IR, IR Spectroscopy, Lemna, Materials, Measurement, Metal, Metal Sorption, Metals, Microcystis, Microcystis, Mixture, Organisms, Paper, Pb, Pb(II), Pb2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, Pulse, Removal, Role, Single and Multimetallic System, Sorption, Spirogyra, Stripping Voltammetry, Surface, Test, Voltammetry, Zn2+Notes: highly citedAksu, Z. and Tezer, S. (2000), Equilibrium and kinetic modelling of biosorption of Remazol Black B by Rhizopus arrhizus in a batch system: Effect of temperature. Process Biochemistry, 36 (5), 431-439.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 431.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of Remazol Black B, a vinyl sulphone type reactive dye, from aqueous solutions on dried Rhizopus arrhizus was studied in a batch system with respect to the temperature, initial pH and initial dye concentration. The fungal biomass exhibited the highest dye uptake capacity at 35°C, at the initial pH value of 2.0 and at the initial dye concentration of 800 mg l-1. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were evaluated at different temperatures. Equilibrium data fitted very well to the Freundlich model in the studied concentration (20-800 mg l-1) and temperature (25-55 degreesC) ranges. The pseudo first- and second-order kinetic models were also applied to the experimental data assuming that the external mas transfer limitations in the system can be neglected and biosorption is chemisorption controlled. The results indicated that the dye uptake process followed the pseudo second-order rate expression and adsorption rate constants increased with increasing temperature up to 35 degreesC and decreased with increasing concentration. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Rate, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Chemisorption, Color Removal, Concentration, Dye, Effluents, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Fungal Biomass, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Modelling, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Limitations, Model, Modelling, Models, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Psudo First Order, Reactive Dye, Reactive Dyes, Remazol Black B, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Sorption, Temperature, Transfer, Uptake, WatersPalmieri, M.C., Garcia, Jr., O. and Melnikov, P. (2000), Neodymium biosorption from acidic solutions in batch system. Process Biochemistry, 36 (5), 441-444.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 441.pdfAbstract: Biosorption of neodymium in batch experiments took ~2 h to achieve the equilibrium biosorbent-metal for all microorganisms tested. The best biosorption coefficient at a constant pH value of 1.5 was obtained using the microalgae Monoraphidium sp. (1511 mg g?1 cell), followed by Bakers’ yeast (313 mg g?1 cell), Penicillium sp. (178 mg g?1 cell), and activated carbon (61 mg g?1 cell). When compared to the biosorption of other metals, these results pointed out to the application of biosorption in neodymium recovery from acidic solutions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Algae, Batch Experiments, Batch System, Bioaccumulation, Biorecovery, Biosorption, Biotechnology, Carbon, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metals, Lanthanides, Metals, Microalgae, Neodymium, pH, Rare-Earths, Recovery, YeastAksu, Z. and D?nmez, G. (2000), The use of molasses in copper(II) containing wastewaters: Effects on growth and copper(II) bioaccumulation properties of Kluyveromyces marxianus. Process Biochemistry, 36 (5), 451-458.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 451.pdfAbstract: A microbiological process using Kluyveromyces marxianus was developed for the removal of copper(II) ions in the presence of molasses as nutrient. The combined effects of molasses sucrose and copper(II) ions on the growth and copper(II) bioaccumulation properties of growing K. marxianus cells has been tested under laboratory conditions as a function of initial pH and single-molasses sucrose and dual-molasses sucrose and copper(II) ion concentrations. The optimum pH value for maximum growth and metal ion accumulation was determined as 4.0 for the microorganism. At a constant copper(II) concentration, the growth and copper(II) bioaccumulation increased with increasing concentrations of molasses sucrose up to 20 g l-1. Although the increase in initial copper(II) concentration increased the copper(II) uptake capacity of the microorganism, the inhibition effect of copper(II) ions on the growth of K. marxianus was observed at all the concentrations of copper(II) at ail the sucrose concentrations studied. The non-competitive toxic component inhibition model (assuming the copper(II) ions as the toxic inhibitory component) was also applied to depict the relationship between the specific growth rate of microorganism and molasses sucrose and copper(II) concentrations and model parameters were determined by graphical method. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Accumulation, Bioaccumulation, Biosorption, Capacity, Cells, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Cr(VI), Cu(II), Dilute Aqueous-Solutions, Effects, Function, Growth, Growth Rate, Inhibition, Ion, Kluyveromyces Marxianus, Metal, Metal-Ions, Microorganism, Model, Molasses, Nutrient, Parameters, pH, Process, Properties, Removal, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Sucrose, Toxic, Uptake, Wastewater, WaterEmelyanova, E.V. (2001), Relationship between magnesium and iron uptake by the yeast Candida ethanolica. Process Biochemistry, 36 (6), 517-523.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 517.pdfAbstract: During magnesium-deficiency continuous cultivation of the yeast Candida ethanolica in a bistat at a high Value of growth-limitation, the response of the culture to the pulsed addition of iron salts into the fermenter was studied. The culture responded only to an addition of trivalent iron (‘apparent deficiency’ of iron) but did not react similarly to divalent iron. Under the influence of Fe3+ the specific growth rate of the culture and the growth yield from the carbon substrate were changed. The intensity and duration of the response of the culture to an addition of trivalent iron depended on both the amount of added Fe3+ ions and on the value of growth-limitation by magnesium. It is assumed that different systems of di- and trivalent ions uptake are present in C. ethanolica. It is proposed that iron-binding compounds- siderophores (iron(3)-specific ligands for assimilation of Fe3+), probably, possessing a very high affinity for magnesium ions, can be used by the cell for Mg2+ uptake, but, due to the slow rate of this uptake, it can be detected only in media with high magnesium deficiency. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Cultivation, Bistat, Yeast, Magnesium Limitation, Uptake, Iron, Erythroid-Cells, Transport, Culture, Growth? Ar?ca, M.Y., Ka?ar, Y., Ergene, A. and Denizli, A. (2001), Reversible immobilization of lipase on phenylalanine containing hydrogel membranes. Process Biochemistry, 36 (8-9), 847-854.Full Text: 2001\Pro Bio36, 847.pdfAbstract: Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-methacrylamidophenlyalanine) poly(HEMA-MAPA) membranes were prepared by UV-initiated photopolymerization of HEMA and MAPA. Lipase immobilization onto these membranes from aqueous solutions containing different amounts of lipase at different pH was investigated in a batch system. The lipase adsorption capacity of the membranes was increased as the MAPA ratio increased in the membrane structure. The maximum lipase immobilization capacity of the poly(HEMA-MAPA-3) membrane was 135 g cm-2. The optimum temperature was 5 degreesC higher than that of the free enzyme and was significantly broader. The storage stability increased with immobilization. The enzyme could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed without any significant loss in adsorption capacity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Batch System, Candida-Rugosa, Capacity, Copolymer, Derivatives, Enzyme, Ester, Hydrogel, Immobilization, Lipase, Membrane, Membranes, Miehei Lipase, Mucor-Miehei, pH, Phenylalanine, Poly(Hema) Membrane, Polymer Beads, Purification, Stability, Storage, Storage Stability, Structure, System, TemperatureValdman, E., Erijman, L., Pessoa, F.L.P. and Leite, S.G.F. (2001), Continuous biosorption of Cu and Zn by immobilized waste biomass Sargassum sp. Process Biochemistry, 36 (8-9), 869-873.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 869.pdfAbstract: Biosorption of copper and zinc by the residual biomass of the alga Sargassum sp. was investigated in a mini packed-bed column. The biomass was immobilized in a polymeric matrix to improve its physicochemical properties for continuous biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Adsorption breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates indicated that an increase in flow rate decreased the volume treated until the breakthrough point as well as the service time of the bed acid the dynamic capacity of the column. At the lowest flow rate of 1.0 ml/min per cm2 it was possible to treat 446 and 414 bed volumes of copper and zinc up to their respective breakthrough points. At this flow rate, the dynamic capacity of the column was 11.9 mg Cu/g and 21.0 mg Zn/g. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Aqueous-Solution, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd, Copper, Copper(II), Cu, Flow, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Immobilization, Metals, Packed Bed Column, Packed-Bed Column, Packed-Bed Column, Physicochemical Properties, Polymeric, Properties, Removal, Sargassum, Sargassum sp., Waste, Waste Biomass, Zinc, ZincSa?, Y. and Aktay, Y. (2001), Application of equilibrium and mass transfer models to dynamic removal of Cr(VI) ions by Chitin in packed column reactor. Process Biochemistry, 36 (12), 1187-1197.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 1187.pdfAbstract: The dynamic removal of hexavalent chromium by chitin flakes was studied in a packed column reactor. The values of column parameters were predicted as a function of flow rate, bed depth, particle size and inlet metal ion concentration. On evaluating the breakthrough curves, sorption isotherms were obtained and modelled according to the Langmuir, the Redlich-Peterson and the Freundlich models. Kinetic and mass transfer aspects of the dynamic removal of Cr(VI) ions by chitin were investigated using several mathematical models. Column studies showed a good correlation between the experimental data and the calculated breakthrough curves obtained by the Adams-Bohart or the Wolborska models and the Clark model. The simulation of the whole breakthrough curve was effective with the Clark model, but the breakthrough was best predicted by Adams-Bohart. or related derived models. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Biosorption, Breakthrough Curve, Chitin, Chromium, Concentration, Copper(II), Correlation, Cr(VI), Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Flow, Freundlich, Function, Hexavalent Chromium, Ion, Isotherms, Langmuir, Mass Transfer, Mass Transfer Models, Mathematical Models, Metal, Model, Models, Packed Column, Packed Column Reactor, Parameters, Particle, Particle Size, R-Arrhizus, Reactor, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Simulation, Sorption, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Transfer, Waste-Waters, Z-RamigeraSingh, S., Rai, B.N. and Rai, L.C. (2001), Ni(II) and Cr(VI) sorption kinetics by Microcystis in single and multimetallic system. Process Biochemistry, 36 (12), 1205-1213.Full Text: P\Pro Bio36, 1205.pdfAbstract: The kinetics of Ni(II) and Cr(VI) sorption by Microcystis, was studied in single and multimetal systems. External mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion data suggested that Microcystis resembles a physical sorbent and therefore holds great potential for employment as a substitute (but requires revalidation at large scale) of physical sorbents in wastewater treatment. Microcystis showed better Ni(II) sorption efficiency than Cr(VI) in a single metal system at pH 6.4-0.1 and 6.00.3. However, in a multimetal system Ni(II) showed an insignificant difference from Cr(VI) due to a competitive effect. Sorption of Ni(II) and Cr(VI) was dependent on their initial concentration. The initial sorption rate showed non-proportionality with initial concentration (Co), and intraparticle diffusion rate parameters (Ki) which were not directly related to initial concentration (Ki = (Co)(n) where n = 0.5). This suggests that neither external mass transfer rate nor intraparticle diffusion was a rate limiting factor. On fitting the experimental data both in first and second order equations, the regression analysis of second order equation gave a better r2 value. Thus, external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion together are involved in the sorption process and pseudo second order equation provides an appropriate description than the first order equation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Analysis, Concentration, Cr(VI), Diffusion, Efficiency, Exchange, External Mass Transfer, First and Second Order Model, Immobilized Biomass Biosorption, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetics, Limiting Factor, Mass Transfer, Metal, Microcystis, Model, Ni, Ni(II), Parameters, Peat, pH, Physical, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Limiting, Regression Analysis, Removal, Scale, Single and Multimetallic System, Sorbents, Sorption, Sorption Efficiency, Sorption Kinetics, Transfer, Transfer Rate, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater TreatmentSa?, Y., Ak?ael, B. and Kutsal, T. (2001), Evaluation, interpretation, and representation of three-metal biosorption equilibria using a fungal biosorbent. Process Biochemistry, 37 (1), 35-50.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 35.pdfAbstract: Equilibrium metal uptake performance of Rhizopus arrhizus was studied using aqueous solutions containing Cr(VI), Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions in ternary mixtures. The multimetal biosorption equilibria were described by the multicomponent Langmuir and Freundlich models. The multicomponent Langmuir model generally described the experimental results better than the multicomponent Freundlich model. To represent the three-metal biosorption equilibrium data, three-dimensional (3-D) biosorption surfaces instead of two-dimensional biosorption isotherm curves and triangular equilibrium diagrams whereby the effect of the third ion is not ignored were used. For three-metal biosorption with equal initial molar concentrations, the relative surface coverage of Cr(VI), Fe(III), and Cu(II) on the biomass was approximately 45-55, 36-41 and 8-14%, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: 3D, Adsorption-Isotherms, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Chlorrela-Vulgaris, Chromium(VI), Concentrations, Copper(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Fungal Biosorbent, Heavy-Metal, Interference, Ion, Ions, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Metal, Metal Uptake, Mixtures, Model, Models, Multicomponent Freundlich Model, Multicomponent Langmuir Model, Mycelium, Performance, R-Arrhizus, Representation, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Surface, Surfaces, Three-Dimensional, Three-Metal Biosorption, UptakeLi, Y.M., Gu, G.W., Zhao, J.F. and Yu, H.Q. (2001), Anoxic degradation of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds by acclimated activated sludge. Process Biochemistry, 37 (1), 81-86.Full Text: 2001\Pro Bio37, 81.pdfAbstract: Batch experiments were conducted to investigate anoxic biodegradation of five refractory nitrogeneous heterocyclic compounds, i.e. pyridine, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, 2-methyl quinoline, in coke plant wastewater. These compounds were effectively degraded by the denitrifiers in acclimated activated sludge within 60 h. The degradation rate was dependent upon chemical structures in the order: pyridine > indole > quinoline > 2-methyl quinoline > isoquinoline. Denitrification was a zero-order reaction, and the denitrification rate of individual compounds had a linear relationship with its corresponding molecular connectivity index. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Anoxic, Biodegradation, Coke Plant Wastewater, Degradation, Denitrification, Denitrifier, Indole, Molecular Connectivity Index, Nitrate, Nitrogeneous Heterocyclic Compounds, Plant Waste-Water, Quinoline, Refractory Compounds, Removal, Sequencing Batch Reactors, System, WastewaterPagnanelli, F., Trifoni, M., Beolchini, F., Esposito, A., Toro, L. and Vegliò, F. (2001), Equilibrium biosorption studies in single and multi-metal systems. Process Biochemistry, 37 (2), 115-124.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 115.pdfAbstract: Different models were used in order to describe equilibrium data obtained by heavy metal biosorption tests. Arthrobacter sp. biomass was suspended in aqueous solution and tested as biosorbent material for copper and cadmium ions. The effects of pH on biosorption in single metal systems (copper and cadmium) and on the selectivity of biomass in two metal systems (copper-cadmium) was studied. Biosorption trials performed for each single metal (in the range 0-2 mmol/l) at different equilibrium pHs (3-6 units) showed a general positive effect of pH increase on metal specific uptake. Experimental data obtained for each metal were fitted using adsorption models including Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Biosorption tests were also carried out using binary solutions of copper and cadmium at different equilibrium pH to evaluate biomass selectivity. Modified Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to fit these equilibrium data. The biomass tested was more selective for copper ions and this selectivity changes with equilibrium pH. In both single and two metal systems, a simple procedure of model discrimination was performed to establish which of the tested models better represents the experimental behaviour. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Arthrobacter sp, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium Ions, Copper, Downstream Processing, Effects, Environment, Equilibrium, Freundlich, General, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Isotherms, Langmuir, Metal, Model, Modelling, Models, pH, Range, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Selective, Selectivity, Tests, UptakeMuter, O., Millers, D., Grigorjeva, L., Ventina, E. and Rapoport, A. (2001), Cr(VI) sorption by intact and dehydrated Candida utilis cells: Differences in mechanisms. Process Biochemistry, 37 (5), 505-511.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 505.pdfAbstract: The Cr(VI) sorption kinetics by intact and dehydrated Candida utilis cells were studied. Yeast dehydration led to enhanced Cr(VI) sorption activity by cells during the first 15-20 min of rehydration. In experiments with K2Cr2O7 as a chromium source, [Cr2O7]2- was converted into [CrO4]2- during incubation with dehydrated biomass. An effect of the considerably enhanced Cr(VI) sorption activity by dehydrated cells in the buffered media at pH approximate to 8.0 can serve as another confirmation of the different sorption mechanisms of intact and dehydrated C.utilis cells. This effect was not revealed in water solution at pH 8.0. This phenomenon will be studied in further investigations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activity, Adsorption, Biomass, Biosorption, Candida Utilis, Cells, Chromate Anions, Chromium, Chromium(VI) Ions, Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Sorption, Dehydration, Investigations, Kinetics, Mechanisms, Media, pH, pH Value Effects, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Source, Water, Yeast Biomass, Yeast DehydrationChu, H.C. and Chen, K.M. (2002), Reuse of activated sludge biomass: I. Removal of basic dyes from wastewater by biomass. Process Biochemistry, 37 (6), 595-600.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 595.pdfAbstract: The removal of basic dyes from wastewater was studied using activated sludge biomass as an adsorbent. The experimental results of COD removal (%) showed that for various basic dyes, adsorption by biomass was not only feasible but also effective. The kinetics of adsorption followed first-order processes, controlled by film diffusion. Influences on adsorption capacity of various factors, such as chemical structure, basicity and molecular weight of basic dye molecules were investigated. The effects of temperature on adsorption of Basic Violet 3 dye were studied and adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature. The process was exothermic in nature and the activation energy was 3.27 kcal mol?1.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Activated Sludge Biomass, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption.Capacity, Basic Dye, Basic Dyes, Basicity, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Chemical, Chemical Structure, COD, COD Removal, Desorption, Diffusion, Dye, Dyes, Effects, Energy, Film, Film Diffusion, Hazardous Organic Pollutants, Kinetics, Kinetics of Adsorption, Process, Removal, Sludge, Structure, Temperature, Wastewater, WaterKa?ar, Y., Arpa, ?., Tan, S., Denizli, A., Gen?, ?. and Ar?ca, M.Y. (2002), Biosorption of Hg(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution: Comparison of biosorptiv capacity of alginate and immobilized live and heat inactivated Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Process Biochemistry, 37 (6), 601-610.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 601.pdfAbstract: Basidiospores of P. chryosporium were immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and the beads incubated for vegetation at 30°C for 5 days. The alginate beads and both entrapped live and heat inactivated fungal mycelia of Phanerochaete chryosporium were used for the removal of Hg(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution in the concentrations range of 30–500 mg l?1. The biosorption of Hg(II) and Cd(II) ions by the biosorbents increased as the initial concentration of Hg(II) and Cd(II) ions increased in the medium. A biosorption equilibrium was established in about 1 h and the adsorbed heavy metal ions did not change further with time. The effect of pH was also investigated and the maximum biosorption of Hg(II) and Cd(II) ions on all the tested biosorbents were obtained between pH 5.0 and 6.0. Temperature over the range 15–45°C had no significant effect on the biosorption capacity. The equilibrium was well described by Langmuir and Freundlich biosorption isotherms. The alginate-fungus beads could be regenerated using 10 mM HCl, up to 97% recovery. The biosorbents were reused in three biosorption-desorption cycles with negligible decrease in biosorption capacity.Keywords: Accumulation, Alginate, Alginate Beads, Aqueous Solution, Aspergillus-Niger, Beads, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Ca-Alginate, Capacity, Cd(II), Cd(II) Ions, Cells, Concentration, Concentrations, Entrapment, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Fungal Biomass, HCl, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Hg(II), Isotherms, Langmuir, Mechanisms, Metal, Metal Biosorption, Metal Ions, Mycelium, pH, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Ramigera, Range, Recovery, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Uptake, Vegetation? Chang, W.S., Hong, S.W. and Park, J. (2002), Effect of zeolite media for the treatment of textile wastewater in a biological aerated filter. Process Biochemistry, 37 (7), 693-698.Full Text: 2002\Pro Bio37, 693.pdfAbstract: A biological aerated filter (BAF) was applied to treat textile wastewater. The performance of two lab-scale biofilters was monitored for 7 months to compare the effect of natural zeolite with sand as media. Under organic load varying from 1.2 to 3.3 kg COD/m3 day, the overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) reductions of the biofilter supported by natural zeolite and sand averaged 88 and 75%, respectively, Higher nitrogen removal in the biofilter with natural zeolite was attributable to its ion exchange capacity with NH4+. The results of cell counting showed that the numbers of nitrifying bacteria within the biofilm were higher on natural zeolite than on sand. Both biofilters were able to remove about 97% of suspended solids (SS) with loading of 1-3 kg SS/m3 day. A pilot-scale BAF supported by natural zeolite with capacity to treat up to 12 m3/day of textile wastewater was also monitored for 5 months. This system was able to remove about 99% biochemical oxygen demand, 92% COD, 74% SS, and 92% T-N with hydraulic load of 1.83 m3/m2 h. Operation with a higher hydraulic load (2.3 m3/m2 h) and at lower temperatures (range of 4-10 degreesC) resulted in decreasing the T-N removal efficiency while the reduction in terms of organic matter was less affected. Regardless of increasing hydraulic loading rate, colour removal (average of 78%) was effective in the biofilter with natural zeolite due to its adsorption capacity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Bacteria, Biochemical, Biofilm, Biofilter, Biofilters, Biological Aerated Filter, Capacity, Chemical, Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, Colour, Colour Removal, Efficiency, Ion, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Loading, Matter, Media, Natural, Natural Zeolite, Nitrifying Bacteria, Nitrogen, Nitrogen Removal, Organic, Organic Matter, Oxygen, Oxygen Demand, Performance, Range, Reduction, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Sand, Suspended Solids, Textile, Textile Wastewater Treatment, Treatment, Wastewater, ZeoliteDilek, F.B., Erbay, A. and Yetis, U. (2002), Ni(II) biosorption by Polyporous versicolor. Process Biochemistry, 37 (7), 723-726.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 723.pdfAbstract: The use of the white-rot fungus Polyporous versicolor in Ni(II) removal as biosorbent was investigated. Kinetic and isotherm sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of pH, time, temperature, and mixing intensity. Time-course variation of Ni(II) uptake at various temperatures (20, 25, and 35°C) and initial Ni(II) concentrations revealed that both the initial Ni(II) uptake rate and the Ni(II) sorption capacity increased with increasing temperature. Ni(II) biosorption isotherms determined based on the Freundlich and Langmuir models adequately described the biosorption of Ni(II). As temperature increases, the Ni(II) adsorptive capacity of P. versicolor showed an increase that was much more pronounced when the temperature was increased from 20 to 25°C. An increase in the initial concentration caused the metal uptake to increase more at 25 and 35°C than at 20°C. The temperature 35°C appeared to be optimal and a maximum adsorption capacity of 57 mg/g was attained.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Concentration, Concentrations, Effects, Freundlich, Fungus, Heavy Metals, Intensity, Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Lead, Metal, Metal Uptake, Mixing, Models, Ni(II), Nickel, Nickel, pH, Polyporous Versicolor, Removal, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Temperature, Uptake, White Rot, White-Rot Fungi, White-Rot FungusDursun, A.Y. and Aksu, Z. (2002), Effect of internal diffusivity of ferrous(II) cyanide complex ions in Ca-alginate immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens gel beads on the biodegradation rate. Process Biochemistry, 37 (7), 747-752.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 747.pdfAbstract: Combined biodegradation and internal diffusion effects on the biodegradation rate of ferrous(II) cyanide complex (ferrocyanide) ions by Ca-alginate gel immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens beads were investigated as a function of initial ferrocyanide concentration and particle size in a batch system. Assuming first-order biodegradation kinetics (ν=kC), first-order biodegradation rate constants for free and different sized immobilized particles were predicted and at 100 mg l?1 bulk ferrocyanide ion concentration experimental effectiveness factors (η) were determined for each particle size. Then using these data, the Thiele modulus (φ) was evaluated for each particle size. Finally effective diffusion coefficient (De) was calculated from the Thiele modulus equation, which is a function of particle size, effective diffusion coefficient and first-order biodegradation rate constant. The results showed that the intraparticle diffusion resistance has a significant effect on the observed biodegradation rate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Anions, Batch System, Beads, Biodegradation, Biosorption, Ca-Alginate, Ca-Alginate Gel Immobilized Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Complex, Concentration, Cyanide, Degradation, Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficient, Effective Diffusion Coefficient, Effectiveness, Effects, Ferrous(II) Cyanide Complex (Ferrocyanide) Ions Biodegradation, First-Order Biodegradation Kinetics, Function, Gel, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion, Kinetics, Particle, Particle Size, Particles, Rate Constant, Removal, Resistance, Rhizopus-ArrhizusTsekova, K., Galabova, D., Todorova, K. and Ilieva, S. (2002), Phosphatase activity and copper uptake during growth of Aspergillus niger. Process Biochemistry, 37 (7), 753-758.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 753.pdfAbstract: The fungus Aspergillus niger produced extracellular and cellular acid phosphatase activities during growth in the presence or absences of copper ions in the medium. The levels of both phosphatase activities depended on the copper concentrations in the medium. Enzyme activities were maximal at the mid-exponential growth phase, as well as at the higher copper concentration and decreased as growth time increased from 12 to 48 h. The total uptake of copper(II) by mycelia, growing at the presence of copper was highest when the levels of enzyme activities were maximal. Between 10 and 20% copper(II) was not removed by washing in 0.1 M H2SO4, suggesting that this copper(II) was bound intracellularly by mycelia of different age. On the other hand, copper ions slightly inhibited cellular acid phosphatase activity of Aspergillus niger with a Ki of 0.89 mM. Acid phosphatase overproduction, as well as copper uptake of mycelia indicated a possible participation of acid phosphatases in the resistance of the fungal strain to the copper toxicity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Aspergillus niger, Copper Uptake, Phosphatase ActivityWang, J.L. (2002), Biosorption of copper(II) by chemically modified biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Process Biochemistry, 37 (8), 847-850.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 847.pdfAbstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, waste biomass originated from beer fermentation industry, was used to remove copper ion from aqueous solution. The biomass was modified by various chemical agents, including methanol, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde in order to study the role played by various functional groups in the cell wall of S. cerevisiae in biosorption of copper. Esterification of carboxyl and methylation of amino groups present in the cell wall significantly decreased the biosorption capacity of copper, which suggests that both carboxylic and amine groups play an important role in biosorption of copper. However, glutaraldehyde-treated biomass almost retained the original biosorption capacity.Keywords: Accumulation, Agents, Amine, Aqueous Solution, Bioadsorption, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Capacity, Cell Wall, Chemical, Copper, Copper(II), Fermentation, Formaldehyde, Functional, Functional Groups, Glutaraldehyde, Groups, Heavy-Metals, Ion, Isotherm, Lead, Mechanism, Methanol, Methylation, Modified, Role, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Waste, Waste BiomassKapdan, I.K. and Kargi, F. (2002), Simultaneous biodegradation and adsorption of textile dyestuff in an activated sludge unit. Process Biochemistry, 37 (9), 965-971.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 965.pdfAbstract: Decolorization of textile dyestuff Everzol Turquoise Blue G by simultaneous biodegradation and adsorption was investigated using the white-rot fungus Coriolus -ersicolor and an activated sludge culture in a laboratory scale activated sludge unit. The fungus was used in the form of a biofilm on surfaces of inclined plates immersed in the aeration tank. Wood ash was used as adsorbent and environmental conditions were adjusted to T=25°C and pH=5. Box–Wilson experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of major process variables, dyestuff and adsorbent concentrations, and sludge retention time on decolorization efficiency. Response function coefficients were determined by regression analysis of experimental data and predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The highest colour removal efficiency was found to be E=82% at dyestuff and adsorbent concentrations of D0=200 mg l.1, A=150 mg l.1 and a sludge age of _c=20 days, respectively. ? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Box-Wilson Design, Decolorization, Textile DyestuffKapdan, I.K. and Kargi, F. (2002), Simultaneous biodegradation and adsorption of textile dyestuff in an activated sludge unit. Process Biochemistry, 37 (9), 973-981.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 973.pdfAbstract: Decolorization of textile dyestuff Everzol Turquoise Blue G by simultaneous biodegradation and adsorption was investigated using the white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor and an activated sludge culture in a laboratory scale activated sludge unit. The fungus was used in the form of a biofilm on surfaces of inclined plates immersed in the aeration tank. Wood ash was used as adsorbent and environmental conditions were adjusted to T = 25 degreesC and pH = 5. Box-Wilson experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of major process variables, dyestuff and adsorbent concentrations, and sludge retention time on decolorization efficiency. Response function coefficients were determined by regression analysis of experimental data and predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The highest colour removal efficiency was found to be E = 82% at dyestuff and adsorbent concentrations of D-0 = 200 mg 1-1, A = 150 mg 1-1 and a sludge age of theta(c) = 20 days, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Age, Analysis, Ash, Azo, Biodegradation, Biofilm, Box-Wilson Design, Coagulation, Colour, Colour Removal, Concentrations, Coriolus-Versicolor, Culture, Decolorization, Decolorization, Design, Dye, Dyestuff, Effects, Efficiency, Effluent, Environmental, Experimental Design, Function, Fungus, pH, Predictions, Process, Regression Analysis, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Retention, Scale, Sludge, Surfaces, Textile, Textile Dyestuff, Trametes-Versicolor, Water, White Rot, White-Rot FungusHaq, I.U., Ali, S., Qadeer, M.A. and Iqbal, J. (2002), Effect of copper ions on mould morphology and citric acid productivity by Aspergillus niger using molasses based media. Process Biochemistry, 37 (10), 1085-1090.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 1085.pdfAbstract: The present study deals with the effect of copper ions on mould morphology and citric acid productivity by Aspergillus niger GCB-47 and its mutant derivative GCMC-7, using 150 g/l carbohydrates of cane-molasses as the basal fermentation media. The mutant showed a 1.26-fold increase in citric acid production over the control and 2.82 times the wild-type culture. The addition of 2.010.5 M CuSO4 to the fermentation medium reduced the Fe2+ ions concentration by counteracting its deleterious effect on fungal growth. The copper ions also induced a loose-pelleted form of growth (0.5 mm, diameter), reduced the biomass concentration (12.5 g/l) and increased the volumetric productivity of citric acid monohydrate (92.0_5 g/l). On the basis of comparison of kinetic parameters, namely the volumetric substrate uptake rate (Qs) and specific uptake rate (qs), the volumetric productivity, theoretical yield and specific product formation rate, it was observed that the mutant was faster growing organism (Yx/s=0.938_0.03 g/g) and had the ability to overproduce citric acid (Yp/s=0.938_0.03 g/g). ? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Citric Acid, Blackstrap Molasses, Effect of Cu2+ Ions on Citric Acid Fermentation, Fe2+ Ions Reduction In MolassesChu, H.C. and Chen, K.M. (2002), Reuse of activated sludge biomass: II. The rate processes for the adsorption of basic dyes on biomass. Process Biochemistry, 37 (10), 1129-1134.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 1129.pdfAbstract: The rate processes for the adsorption of Basic Yellow 24 dye on activated sludge biomass have been studied. Influences of various factors on adsorption rate, such as shaking rate, initial dye concentration, biomass particle size, and dye solution temperature have been investigated. The experimental results indicate that there is a boundary layer surrounding the biomass particles, the kinetics of the adsorption process is mainly controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The activation energy for the same process was 1.45 kcal mol-1. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Activated Sludge Biomass, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption Process, Adsorption Rate, Basic Dyes, Biomass, Boundary Layer, Color, Concentration, Diffusion, Dye, Dyes, Energy, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetics, Particle, Particle Size, Particles, Process, Rate Processes, Removal, Silica, Sludge, Solution Temperature, TemperatureFu, L.Y., Wen, X.H., Xu, L.J. and Qian, Y. (2002), Removal of a copper-phthalocyanine dye from wastewater by acclimated sludge under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Process Biochemistry, 37 (10), 1151-1156.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 1151.pdfAbstract: Using acclimated sludge, the removal of a copper-phthalocyanine dye (Reactive Turquoise Blue KN-G, RTB) from wastewater was studied under anaerobic and aerobic conditions to assess the fate of the RTB in wastewater treatment facilities. An immediately sharp reduction of the RTB concentration in solution was observed after the influent was fed into the reactor, which reflects rapid biosorption. Aerobic microorganisms were capable of utilizing RTB as the sole carbon and energy source for proliferation while anaerobic microorganisms were not, however, sufficient glucose as ancillary carbon source was essential for both systems to maintain long-term, stable and efficient performance. Glucose promoted the growth of biomass and microbial activity. Sufficient glucose prevented aerobic microorganisms decreasing activity due to high-concentration RTB. The cooperation of biosorption and biodegradation were considered to be the mechanisms for RTB removal from wastewater.Keywords: Activity, Aerobic, Aerobic Biological Treatment, Anaerobic Biological Treatment, Biodegradation, Biodegradation, Biomass, Biosorption, Carbon, Carbon Source, Concentration, Decolorization, Degradation, Dye, Energy, Fate, Glucose, Growth, Mechanisms, Microbial, Microbial Activity, Performance, Phthalocyanine Dye, Reactive Turquoise Blue, Reactor, Reduction, Removal, Sludge, Source, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater TreatmentArican, B., Gokcay, C.F. and Yetis, U. (2002), Mechanistics of nickel sorption by activated sludge. Process Biochemistry, 37 (11), 1307-1315.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 1307.pdfAbstract: Biomass from activated sludge reactors operating at different dilution rates (0.09, 0.16, and 0.24/h) was used to examine the effect of sludge age on Ni2+ removal characteristics, running batch adsorption tests. The kinetic studies have revealed that sludge grown at all dilution rates, exhibits both active and passive uptake of Ni2+. Although percentages of active and passive uptake changed with the age of activated sludge biomass, passive uptake was the dominant mechanism in Ni2+ sorption. The data obtained were interpreted in the form of adsorption isotherms. At all dilution rates, linear adsorption isotherms were obtained, indicating the presence of equilibrium between biomass and the free nickel species. ? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Activated Sludge Biomass, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Age, Bacterial Extracellular Polymers, Biofilms, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cultures, Dilution Rate, Equilibrium, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metal Removal, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Linear Isotherm, Mechanism, Nickel, Removal, Sewage-Treatment Works, Simultaneous Biosorption, Sludge, Sorption, Speciation, Surfaces, Tests, UptakeHo, Y.S., Huang, C.T. and Huang, H.W. (2002), Equilibrium sorption isotherm for metal ions on tree fern. Process Biochemistry, 37 (12), 1421-1430.Full Text: P\Pro Bio37, 1421.pdfAbstract: A new sorbent system for removing heavy metal ions, such as Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II), from aqueous solutions has been investigated. This new sorbent is tree fern, an agriculture product. Variables of the system include solution temperature and sorbent particle size. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model. Both the Langmuir and Redlich-/Peterson isotherms were found to well represent the measured sorption data. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the maximum sorption capacities of metal ions onto tree fern were 7.58 mg/g for Zn(II), 10.6 mg/g for Cu(II) and 39.8 mg/g for Pb(II). It was noted that an increase in temperature resulted in a higher metal loading per unit weight of the sorbent. Decreasing the particle sizes of tree fern led in an increase in the metal uptake per unit weight of the sorbent. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Agriculture, Agriculture Product, Aqueous-Solutions, Cadmium, Cations, Copper, Copper, Cu(II), Evaluation, Fern, Freundlich, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy-Metals, Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Lead, Loading, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal Uptake, Model, Parameters, Particle, Particle Size, Pb(II), Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Solution Temperature, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Temperature, Tree, Tree Fern, Uptake, Water, Zinc, Zn(II)? ?atiro?lu, N., Yal?inkaya, Y., Denizli, A., Ar?ca, M.Y., Bekta?, S. and Gen?, ?. (2002), Application of NaOH treated Polyporus versicolor for removal of divalent ions of Group IIB elements from synthetic wastewater. Process Biochemistry, 38 (1), 65-72.Full Text: 2002\Pro Bio38, 65.pdfAbstract: Three different forms of Polyporus versicolor, i.e. alkali-pretreated, heat-inactivated and active, were used for the removal of the divalent ions of Group JIB elements from aquatic systems. The biosorption of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions on three different forms of P. versicolor was studied in aqueous solutions in the concentration range of 30-700 mg/l. Maximum biosorption capacities of alkali-pretreated, heat-inactivated and active forms of P. versicolor was found as 139.3, 70.8, and 54.1 mg/g for Zn(II); 232.2, 118.2, and 90.0 mg/g for Cd(II) and 290.3 168.9, and 131.4 mg/g for Hg(II), respectively. For the divalent ions of Group IIB elements, the order of affinity of the biosorbents was found as, NaOH treated > heat-inactivated > active. The order of the amount of metal ions adsorbed, on the other hand, was, Hg(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) on a weight base. The electro-negativities and standard electrode potentials of these elements show a definite trend with the biosorption capacity values. Biosorption equilibria were established in about 60 min and the equilibria were well described by Langmuir isotherms. Temperature change between 15 and 45 degreesC did not affect the biosorption capacity. The effect of pH was also investigated and the maximum biosorption of metal ions on the three different forms of P. versicolor were observed at pH 6.0. The reusability experiments and synthetic wastewater studies were carried out with the most effective form; alkali-pretreated P. versicolor. The biosorbent could be regenerated using 10 mM HCl solution, with up to 98% recovery and it could be reused in five biosorption-desorption cycles without any considerable loss in biosorption capacity. The alkali-treated P. versicolor removed 60, 73, and 81% of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions from synthetic wastewater samples, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Affect, Affinity, Aquatic, Aqueous-Solutions, Base, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Cd(II), Concentration, Elements, Hand, HCl, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Hg(II), Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherms, Marine Alga, Metal, Metal Ions, Mucor-Miehei, Naoh Treated, pH, Polyporus Versicolor, Range, Recovery, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Standard, Synthetic Wastewater, Trend, Wastewater, Zn(II)Notes: highly citedAksu, Z. (2002), Determination of the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the batch biosorption of nickel(II) ions onto Chlorella vulgaris. Process Biochemistry, 38 (1), 89-99.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 89.pdfAbstract: Although the search for new and innovative treatment technologies has focused attention on the metal binding capacities of various microorganisms, the kinetics of the metal uptake process and the description of the thermal properties of biosorption remain essentially unknown. Biosorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of nickel(II) ions to Chlorella vulgaris were studied in a batch system with respect to temperature and initial metal ion concentration. Algal biomass exhibited the highest nickel(II) uptake capacity at 45°C at an initial nickel(II) ion concentration of 250 mg l?1 and an initial pH of 4.5. Biosorption capacity increased from 48.1 to 60.2 mg g?1 with an increase in temperature from 15 to 45°C at this initial nickel(II) concentration. Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models were applied to experimental equilibrium data of nickel(II) biosorption depending on temperature. Equilibrium data fitted very well to all the equilibrium models in the studied concentration range of nickel(II) ions at all the temperatures studied. The saturation type kinetic model was applied to experimental data at different temperatures changing from 15 to 45°C to describe the batch biosorption kinetics assuming that the external mass transfer limitations in the system can be neglected and biosorption is chemical sorption controlled. The activation energy of biosorption (EA) was determined as 25.92 kJ mole?1 using the Arrhenius equation. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium coefficients obtained at different temperatures, the thermodynamic constants of biosorption (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS°) were also evaluated.Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Attention, Batch Biosorption, Batch System, Binding, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Chemical, Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlorrela-Vulgaris, Concentration, Copper, Energy, Equilibrium, External Mass Transfer, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Ion, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic and Thermodynamic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Limitations, Mass Transfer, Metal, Metal Uptake, Model, Models, Ni(II), Nickel(II), Parameters, pH, Process, Properties, Pseudomonas-Aeruginosa, Range, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Saturation, Sorption, Stirred Batch Reactor, Technologies, Temperature, Thermal Properties, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Transfer, Treatment, Treatment Technologies, Uptake, ZincMuter, O., Lubinya, I., Millers, D., Grigorjeva, L., Ventinya, E. and Rapoport, A. (2002), Cr(VI) sorption by intact and dehydrated Candida utilis cells in the presence of other metals. Process Biochemistry, 38 (1), 123-131.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 123.pdfAbstract: This study examined the Cr(VI), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) sorption by intact and dehydrated Candida utilis cells. The anion [Cr2O7]2- and cation Me2- sorption kinetics was investigated in both single- and dual-metal situations. Uptake of chromate anions occurred much more slowly singularly than with metal cations. A combination of Pb or Cu and chromate anions gave a synergistic effect for Cr(VI) sorption, but not Cd and Zn, which inhibited Cr(VI) sorption by dehydrated cells. The use of alcian blue to occupy maximum vacant adsorption sites on the cell surface unexpectedly did not influence further adsorption of Me2_. Metal uptake by C. utilis was 7 mg (135 mM) Cr, 23 mg (362 mM) Cu, 39 mg (188 mM) Pb, 19 mg (170 mM) Cd, 28 mg (428 mM) Zn gdw-1. Estimations of the number and area of metal ions occupying the cell surface was made and data obtained indicated that area of sorbed Cr(VI), Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) occupied the single cell did not cover all the surface, whereas Zn(II) covered up to 168%. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Alcian Blue, Anions, Biosorption, Cadmium, Candida Utilis, Cations, Cd, Cd(II), Cells, Chromate, Chromate Anions, Chromium(VI), Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Sorption, Cu, Cu(II), Dehydrated Yeast, Dual Metal System, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Kinetics, Made, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Mixtures, Pb, Pb(II), R-Arrhizus, Removal, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Sites, Sorbed, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Surface, Uptake, Yeast Biomass, Zn(II)Aksu, Z. and Gülen, H. (2002), Binary biosorption of iron(III) and iron(III)-cyanide complex ions on Rhizopus arrhizus: Modelling of synergistic interaction. Process Biochemistry, 38 (2), 161-173.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 161.pdfAbstract: Many heavy metal-bearing wastewaters also contain their metal cyanide complex ions. Although the biosorption of single or multi-metal ions to various microorganisms has been extensively studied, very little attention has been given to the bioremoval and the expression of the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of metal-metal cyanide complex ion systems. In this study, the simultaneous biosorption of iron(III) (ferric) cations and iron(III)-cyanide complex (ferricyanide) anions to Rhizopus arrhizus from binary mixtures was studied and compared with single metal and metal cyanide complex ion situation in a batch stirred system. The effects of initial pH and single and dual-component concentrations on the biosorption kinetics and equilibrium uptake of each component, both singly and in mixture were investigated. The working pH value for both species was determined as 2.0. Multi-component biosorption studies were also performed at this pH value. The biosorption rates and equilibrium uptakes of iron(III) or iron(III)-cyanide complex ions increased by the presence of increasing concentrations of the other ion up to 200 mg l-1 for iron(III) and up to 1000 mg l-1 for iron(III)-cyanide complex ions. This situation showed a synergistic interaction between these ions. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson adsorption models were used to predict the mono-component equilibrium uptake and model parameters were estimated by the non-linear regression. It was seen that the mono-component adsorption equilibrium data fitted very well to the mono-component Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models for both the components at moderate ranges of concentration. A modified synergistic Langmuir model was proposed for dual-component system and model parameters were also estimated by the non-linear regression. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was applied to single and multi-component experimental data assuming that the external mass transfer limitations in the system can be neglected and biosorption is sorption controlled.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Anions, Attention, Batch System, Biodegradation, Biosorption, Cations, Chlorrela-Vulgaris, Complex, Concentration, Concentrations, Cyanide, Cyanides, Degradation, Effects, Equilibrium, External Mass Transfer, Ferric, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Interaction, Ion, Iron(III), Iron(III)-Cyanide Complex Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Limitations, Mass Transfer, Metal, Mixture, Mixtures, Model, Modelling, Models, Modified, Multi-Component, Non-Linear Regression, Nonlinear Regression, Parameters, pH, Predict, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, R. Arrhizus, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Second Order Kinetics, Single, Sorption, Synergism, Transfer, UptakeAksu, Z., G?nen, F. and Demircan, Z. (2002), Biosorption of chromium(VI) ions by Mowital?B30H resin immobilized activated sludge in a packed bed: Comparison with granular activated carbon. Process Biochemistry, 38 (2), 175-186.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 175.pdfAbstract: The potential use of Mowital?B30H resin immobilized dried activated sludge as a substitute for granular activated carbon for removing chromium(VI) was examined in a continuous packed bed column. The effect of operating parameters such as flow rate and inlet metal ion concentration on the sorption characteristics of each sorbent was investigated. From the batch system studies the working sorption pH value was determined as 1.0 for both sorbents and packed bed sorption studies were performed at this pH value. The total adsorbed quantities, equilibrium uptakes and total removal percents of chromium(VI) related to the effluent volumes were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates and different inlet chromium(VI) concentrations for each sorbent. Data confirmed that the total amount of sorbed chromium(VI) and equilibrium chromium(VI) uptake decreased with increasing flow rate and increased with increasing inlet chromium(VI) concentration for both immobilized dried activated sludge and granular activated carbon systems. The results also indicated that the sorption process could only deal with lower flow rates and lower concentrations of chromium(VI) solutions if a high percentage removal was required for extended periods for both sorbents. The suitability of the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models to the column equilibrium data was also investigated for each chromium(VI)-sorbent system. The results showed that the equilibrium data for both the sorbents fitted the Langmuir model best within the concentration range studied.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Alginate, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorption, Carbon, Chromium(VI), Chromium(VI) Ions, Column, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper, Cu(II), Effluent, Equilibrium, Flow, Freundlich, Granular Activated Carbon, Heavy-Metals, Immobilized Activated Sludge, Ion, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Metal, Model, Models, Mowital (R) B30H Resin, Packed Bed Column, Parameters, pH, Process, Range, Removal, Resin, Single-Component, Sludge, Sorbed, Sorbents, Sorption, UptakeChen, B.Y. (2002), Understanding decolorization characteristics of reactive azo dyes by Pseudomonas luteola: Toxicity and kinetics. Process Biochemistry, 38 (3), 437-446.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 437.pdfAbstract: This study provides a first attempt from a toxicological perspective to put forward, in significant terms and explanations, decolorization of reactive dyes. The toxicity series of three dyes used is Reactive acid yellow (RAY)>Reactive black B (BB)>Reactive red 22 (RR22). The less toxic dye (e.g. RR 22) is more readily biodecolorized. The oxygen-repression characteristics of decolorization of RR 22 are due to the obligatory requirement of oxygen-sensitive azoreductase expression to proceed decolorization. Therefore, microbial decolorization of RR 22 is termed non-growth-associated. Biotoxicity of BB is greater than RR 22, as ≈50% of initial cell concentration was lost after 1-day static decolorization. Relatively high toxicity to P. luteola was due to two azo-bonds present on BB for decolorization. In addition, intermediary products of BB may be more toxic or chemically stable than the parent compound BB. A longer persistence of intermediary metabolites may also augment toxicity to bacterial populations. Biosorption accounts for pseudo-decolorization of more toxic dyes (e.g. RAY). A threshold dose of RAY (≈50 mg l?1) is that immediately above which death responses begin to manifest themselves. Decolorization is not growth-associated, but is still metabolism related. Maintenance of cellular viability is thus of importance, since a basic metabolism to express azoreductase activity must be sustained for decolorization. A failure to preserve cellular viability due to chronic toxicity to cells leads to the occurrence of biosorption rather than decolorization. Keywords: Accounts, Acid, Activity, Azo Dyes, Azoreductase, Bacteria, Bacterial Decolorization, Biodegradation, Bioreactor, Biosorption, Cells, Chronic, Chronic Toxicity, Concentration, Decolorization, Degradation, Dye, Dyes, Effluents, Importance, Kinetics, Metabolism, Metabolites, Microbial, Microbial Decolorization, Mineralization, Parent, Persistence, Products, Ray, Reactive Azo Dye, Reactive Dyes, Technology, Threshold, Toxic, Toxicity, Trametes-Versicolor, Viability, Waste-Water? del Valle, E.M.M., Freitas, S.C. and Galán, M.A. (2002), Separation of asparaginase and trypsin by affinity chromatography combined with batchwise adsorption and columnwise desorption. Process Biochemistry, 38 (4), 551-557.Full Text: 2002\Pro Bio38, 551.pdfAbstract: The main goal of this paper was to check experimentally that in affinity chromatography, when porous particles are used, the enzymes inside the particles are partly retained instead of being adsorbed. Trypsin and Asparaginase were separated by affinity chromatography using a combined system with batchwise adsorption and columnwise desorption. The data obtained on specifically and non-specifically adsorbed enzymes were compared with those previously obtained from equilibrium studies. Langmuir-type behaviour was observed for the adsorption of asparaginase. From the isotherms obtained, the adsorption equilibrium constants were determined taking into account the partition coefficient. These constants were compared with those experimental determined from equilibrium studies. The mass balances carried out from the elution process revealed that asparaginase is adsorbed by specific bonds (73% of total bonds), non-specific bonds (27% of total bonds) and partly occluded (38% of the initial concentration). By contrast, trypsin was not adsorbed by specific bonds, but a small amount of occluded enzyme and non-specific bonded enzyme inside the particles was observed. It may thus be concluded that affinity chromatography affords perfect separation of these enzymes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherm, Affinity, Affinity Chromatography, Chromatography, Combined Process, Concentration, Desorption, Elution, Enzyme, Enzymes, Equilibrium, Goal, Isotherms, Mass Balances, Paper, Particles, Partition, Partition Coefficient, Porous, Process, Purification, SeparationTien, C.J. (2002), Biosorption of metal ions by freshwater algae with different surface characteristics. Process Biochemistry, 38 (4), 605-613.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 605.pdfAbstract: Four freshwater algae with different cell surface characteristic, Oscillatoria limnetica, Anabaena spiroides, Eudorina elegans and Chlorella vulgaris, were chosen to examine their copper(II), cadmium(II) and lead(II) (copper, cadmium, and lead cations with a charge of 2+) sorption activity using the Freundlich model, in terms of the surface area/dry weight ratios, and the presence of other metal ions. Experimental data obeyed the Freundlich model, indicating multiple functional binding sites on algal surfaces. All four algae showed the highest sorption capacity for Pb among three metals. Their sorption activity varied with initial metal concentrations. The surface area/dry weight ratio was demonstrated to be a major parameter determining the sorption activities and mechanisms of algae. However, no apparent relationship occurred between metal-binding ability and, the presence and amount of mucilage. Competition of metal ions on algal surface binding sites was found differed with algal species and metal ions. The high and significantly different sorption activities for three metals by four algae suggested the suitability and good selectivity for treatment of different kinds of industrial effluents.Keywords: Activity, Adsorption-Isotherms, Algae, Binding, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Cations, Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlorella-Vulgaris, Competition, Concentrations, Copper, Copper(II), Desorption, Effluents, Freshwater, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Functional, Heavy-Metals, Industrial, Industrial Effluents, Lead, Lead(II), Mechanisms, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Microalgae, Model, Mucilage, One-Metal System, Pb, Removal, Selectivity, Sites, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Surface, Surface Characteristics, Surfaces, Three-Metal System, Treatment, Whole CellsD?nmez, G. and Aksu, Z. (2002), Removal of chromium(VI) from saline wastewaters by Dunaliella species. Process Biochemistry, 38 (5), 751-762.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 751.pdfAbstract: Some industrial wastewaters contain higher quantities of salts besides chromium(VI) ions so the effect of these salts on the biosorption of chromium(VI) should be investigated. The biosorption of chromium (VI) from saline solutions on two strains of living Dunaliella algae were tested under laboratory conditions as a function of pH, initial metal ion and salt (NaCl) concentrations in a batch system. The biosorption capacity of both Dunaliella strains strongly depends on solution pH and maximum. Chromium(VI) sorption capacities of both sorbents were obtained at pH 2.0 in the absence and in the presence of increasing concentrations of salt. Chromium(VI)-salt biosorption studies were also performed at this pH value. Equilibrium uptakes of chromium(VI) increased with increasing chromium(VI) concentration up to 250–300 mg l-1 and decreased sharply by the presence of increasing concentrations of salt for both the sorbents. Dunaliella 1 and Dunaliella 2 biosorbed 58.3 and 45.5 mg g-1 of chromium(VI), respectively, in 72 h at 100 mg l-1 initial chromium(VI) concentration without salt medium. When salt concentration arised to 20% (w/v), these values dropped to 20.7 and 12.2 mg g-1 of chromium(VI) at the same conditions. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were suitable for describing the biosorption of chromium(VI) individually and in salt containing medium by both algal species. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was successfully applied to single chromium(VI) and chromium(VI)-salt mixtures biosorption data.Keywords: Adsorption, Algae, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption, Capacity, Chromium, Chromium(VI), Chromium(VI) Ions, Concentration, Concentrations, Cr(VI), Dunaliella Species, Freundlich, Function, Industrial, Ion, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Metal, Metals, Mixtures, Model, Models, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Saline Wastewater, Salt Concentration, Solution Ph, Sorbents, Sorption, SystemWang, J.L., Quan, X.C., Wu, L.B., Qian, Y. and Hegemann, W. (2002), Bioaugmentation as a tool to enhance the removal of refractory compound in coke plant wastewater. Process Biochemistry, 38 (5), 777-781.Full Text: 2002\Pro Bio38, 777.pdfAbstract: Pollution caused by coal conversion wastewater has been a severe problem for decades in China due to the use of coal as the main energy source. An aerobic-anoxic-oxic (A1-A2-O) system was developed for treating coke plant wastewater and good results were obtained. GC/MS analysis indicated that the main ingredients of the effluent were aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, alkanes and plithalic acid esters etc. Bioaugmentation with specialized microorganism could be a powerful tool to improve the wastewater treatment processes. In this study, quinoline, which was poorly removed by the A1-A2-O system, was chosen as a target pollutant, and a quinoline-degrading bacterium, identified as Burkholderia pickettii was used as bioaugmentation microorganism. The feasibility of bioaugmentation in combination with A1-A2-O system was investigated. The performance of the A1-A2-O system and the contribution of each stage to COD removal were investigated. The contribution of anaerobic, anoxic and oxic reactors to COD removal was 25, 16 and 59%, respectively. The results of bioaugmentation experiments showed that the oxic reactor, to which the aerobic microorganism was added, was the best location of bioaugmentation in the A1-A2-O system. Bioaugmentation could be used as an efficient and effective method of improving the removal efficiency of recalcitrant organic compounds from industrial wastewater. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic System, Bioaugmentation, Coke Plant Wastewater, GC, MS, Organic Compounds, Quinoline, Refractory Compound, Sludge, Wastewaterda Silva, E.A., Cossich, E.S., Tavares, C.R.G., Filho, L.C. and Guirardello, R. (2002), Modeling of copper(II) biosorption by marine alga Sargassum sp. in fixed-bed column. Process Biochemistry, 38 (5), 791-799.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 791.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of copper(II) by the marine alga Sargassum sp. was investigated in a batch reactor and in a fixed-bed column (temperature=30 °C; pH 3.5). Langmuir and Freundlich sorption models were used to represent the equilibrium data. Experimental breakthrough curves in afixed-bed column were obtained with a flow rate of 6 ml/min and feed concentration of 1, 2, 3 and 6 meq/l. A model that describes the dynamics of copper(II) ion sorption in the column was obtained from the mass balance in the fluid phase and the biosorbent. According to mass transfer three equations are available to represent the rate of adsorption. The model parameters: mass transfer coefficients, axial dispersion coefficients and constants of the kinetic equation, had their values adjusted from the experimental breakthrough curves. The model in which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion in the biosorbent best represented the fixed-bed column dynamics.Keywords: Adsorption, Balance, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Concentration, Copper, Copper(II), Diffusion, Dispersion, Dynamics, Equilibria, Equilibrium, Feed, Fixed Bed, Fixed-Bed Column, Flow, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Ion, Ion-Exchange, Kinetic, Langmuir, Marine, Mass Balance, Mass Transfer, Microalgae, Model, Modeling, Models, Parameters, pH, Reactor, Removal, Sargassum, Sorption, Sorption Models, Temperature, TransferLiu, Y., Yang, S.F., Xu, H., Woon, K.H., Lin, Y.M. and Tay, J.H. (2002), Biosorption kinetics of cadmium(II) on aerobic granular sludge. Process Biochemistry, 38 (5), 997-1001.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 997.pdfAbstract: Aerobic granules have excellent settle ability and high-porosity structure. This study investigated the feasibility of aerobic granules as a novel type of biosorbent, for cadmium removal from industrial wastewater. Batch tests were carried out at different initial Cd2 and granule concentrations. Based on experimental data, a kinetic model was developed to describe Cd2 biosorption by aerobic granules. Results showed that the Cd2 biosorption on aerobic granule surface was closely related to both initial Cd2 and granule concentrations. The maximum biosorption capacity of Cd2 by aerobic granules was 566 mg/g. This study for the first time shows that aerobic granules have a high biosorption capacity to Cd2 and can be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of cadmium or other types of heavy metals from industrial wastewater.Keywords: Aerobic Granules, Biosorption, Cadmium, Adsorption Kinetics, Batch TestYesilada, O., Asma, D. and Cing, S. (2003), Decolorization of textile dyes by fungal pellets. Process Biochemistry, 38 (6), 933-938.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 933.pdfAbstract: Decolorization of various dyes by pellets of white rot fungi was studied. All fungal pellets used could remove more than 75% of the color of these dye in 24 h. Effect of various conditions such as initial pH, concentration of dye, amount of pellet, temperature and agitation on Astrazone blue dye decolorization activity of Funalia trogii was tested and the longevity of this decolorization activity under optimum conditions was investigated in repeated-batch mode. An increase in the amount of pellet positively affected the longevity of the decolorization activity while a decrease in dye decolorization capability of pellets occurred with increasing dye concentration in repeated-batch mode. Spectrophotometric and microscopic examinations of F. trogii pellets showed that the process involved decolorization through microbial metabolism but not biosorption. The effect of glucose concentration and cheese whey on longevity of decolorization activity was also tested. The percentage of decolorization at a dye concentration of 264 mg/l remained high after 10 days operation especially in culture media with cheese whey. This study showed that white rot fungal pellets could effectively be used as an alternative to the traditional physicochemical process.Keywords: Activity, Biodegradation, Biosorption, Cheese, Concentration, Culture, Decolorization, Dye, Dyes, Effluents, Funalia Trogii, Fungi, Glucose, Longevity, Media, Metabolism, Microbial, Mill Waste-Water, Orange-II, Pellet, pH, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Process, Remazol-Black-B, Spent Wash, Temperature, Textile, Textile Dye, Textile Dyes, Versicolor, Whey, White Rot, White Rot Fungi, White-Rot Fungus, Wood-Rotting Fungus? Vegliò, F., Esposito, A. and Reverberi, A.P. (2003), Standardisation of heavy metal biosorption tests: Equilibrium and modelling study. Process Biochemistry, 38 (6), 953-961.Full Text: 2003\Pro Bio38, 953.pdfAbstract: The use of some microorganisms to remove heavy metals from contaminated industrial wastewaters may represent an innovative purification process. Several aspects must be taken into consideration for complete process development. Standardisation of the experimental procedures, equilibrium and kinetic modelling and related statistical data analysis represent in general the first steps of these studies. Screening experimental tests have to be performed in order to characterise the microbial strains and verify the ability of microorganisms to adsorb heavy metals: protonation and titration tests have been discussed as useful preliminary tests for microorganism selection. The effect of the age of microbial strain, the presence of other ions that must be introduced into the experimental systems to control pH, or initially present in wastewater (i.e. Na and K) has to be investigated in order to optimise the experimental conditions. An original and advantageous experimental procedure useful for equilibrium studies, named subsequent addition method (SAM), has been proposed and tested from the theoretical and experimental point of view. Moreover, the problems of equilibrium data analysis have been considered because an incorrect approach has been highlighted in the statistical regression analysis described in many papers reported in the available literature. For this reason some guidelines have been proposed and discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Age, Analysis, Arthrobacter Sp, Biomass, Biosorption, Control, Development, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Modelling, General, Guidelines, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Industrial, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Modelling, Metal, Metals, Microbial, Microorganism, Modelling, pH, Process, Process Development, Protonation, Purification, Regression Analysis, Removal, Selection, Sphaerotilus Natans, Standardisation, Tests, Titration, Waste-Water, Wastewater? Liu, Y., Yang, S.F., Xu, H., Woon, K.H., Lin, Y.M. and Tay, J.H. (2003), Biosorption kinetics of cadmium(II) on aerobic granular sludge. Process Biochemistry, 38 (7), 997-1001.Full Text: 2003\Pro Bio38, 997.pdfAbstract: Aerobic granules have excellent settle ability and high-porosity structure. This study investigated the feasibility of aerobic granules as a novel type of biosorbent, for cadmium removal from industrial wastewater. Batch tests were carried out at different initial Cd2+ and granule concentrations. Based on experimental data, a kinetic model was developed to describe Cd2+ biosorption by aerobic granules. Results showed that the Cd2+ biosorption on aerobic granule surface was closely related to both initial Cd2+ and granule concentrations. The maximum biosorption capacity of Cd2+ by aerobic granules was 566 mg/g. This study for the first time shows that aerobic granules have a high biosorption capacity to Cd2+ and can be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of cadmium or other types of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Aerobic, Aerobic Granular Sludge, Aerobic Granules, Batch Test, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium Removal, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Cd2+, Concentrations, Heavy Metals, Industrial, Industrial Wastewater, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Metals, Model, Removal, Sludge, Structure, Surface, Tests, WastewaterHo, Y.S. and McKay, G. (2003), Sorption of dyes and copper ions onto biosorbents. Process Biochemistry, 38 (7), 1047-1061.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 1047.pdf P\Pro Bio-Ho.pdfAbstract: The batch kinetic sorption of copper ions and dyes onto two low-cost biosorbents, peat and pith, has been studied. A model, based on the assumption of a pseudo-second-order mechanism, has been developed to predict the rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium capacity and initial sorption rate with the effect of initial concentration, particle size, temperature and sorbent concentration dose. An activation energy of sorption has also been evaluated as 7.13 kJ/mol for the sorption of BB69 onto pith. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid Dye, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Carbon, Color Removal, Concentration, Copper, Dye, Dyes, Energy, Equilibrium, Fly-Ash, Hardwood, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics and Sorption, Mechanism, Model, Natural Adsorbents, Particle, Particle Size, Peat, Pith, Predict, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Sorption, Temperature, Waste-Water? Lee, S.H., Kim, J.S. and Kim, C.W. (2003), Optimization of buffer conditions for the removal of endotoxins using Q-sepharose. Process Biochemistry, 38 (7), 1091-1098.Full Text: 2003\Pro Bio38, 1091.pdfAbstract: Anion-exchange chromatography using Q-sepharose was used to remove endotoxins. The optimized buffer conditions of pH buffer concentration and NaCl concentration provided four log reductions in the endotoxin level (from 5105 EU/ml to 10 EU/ml). In glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 8.0-10.5), the upper limit of the concentration of NaCl was 300 mM and that of glycine was 50 mM. For the Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5-9.0), the upper limit of the concentration of NaCl and buffer was 200 and 75 mM, respectively. In phosphate buffer (pH 6.0-8.0), the presence of phosphate significantly reduced the adsorption of endotoxins on Q-sepharose. The upper limit of the concentration of NaCl and phosphate in the phosphate buffer was 90 and 25 mM, respectively. The pH of the buffers showed very limited effects on the adsorption removal of endotoxins. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Buffer, Chromatography, Concentration, Effects, Endotoxin, Endotoxin Removal, Endotoxins, pH, Phosphate, Phosphate Buffer, Q-Sepharose, Removal, Salt Concentration, UpperBasibuyuk, M. and Forster, C.F. (2003), An examination of the adsorption characteristics of a basic dye (Maxilon Red BL-N) on to live activated sludge system. Process Biochemistry, 38 (9), 1311-1316.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 1311.pdfAbstract: Removal of dyestuffs by adsorption on to live activated sludge was investigated. Two dyes, one acid dye (Acid Yellow 17) and one basic dye (Maxilon Red BL-N), were tested. Initial adsorption studies showed that binding of Acid Yellow 17 onto activated sludge was not promising while Maxilon Red BL-N was adsorbed well by activated sludge and the dye-sludge system conformed to the Langmuir Model. Kinetic studies were also performed for Maxilon Red and live activated sludge system. According to the results obtained, the initial part of the adsorption followed a first-order process, controlled by film diffusion. Intraparticle diffusion also played a significant role. The kinetics of sorption have been analyzed by three kinetic models, the first order Lagergren model, a pseudo second order model and the second order model. Rate constants for each of the models were derived and correlation coefficients were calculated. The overall process was best described by the pseudo second order model rather than first order model or the second order model.Keywords: Acid, Acid Dye, Activated Sludge, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Basic Dye, Binding, Biomass, Color, Correlation, Diffusion, Dye, Dyes, Dyestuffs, Examination, Film, Film Diffusion, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Model, Models, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Reuse, Role, Sludge, Sorption, Surface, WastewatersPadmavathy, V., Vasudevan, P. and Dhingra, S.C. (2003), Biosorption of nickel(II) ions on Baker’s yeast. Process Biochemistry, 38 (10), 1389-1395.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 1389.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of nickel(II) ions by deactivated protonated yeast was investigated with respect to the initial pH and initial metal ion concentration. The kinetics of sorption was also followed based on the amounts of metal sorbed at various time intervals for different yeast doses. The equilibrium data could be fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption capacity was pH dependent with a maximum value of 11.4 mg/g at a pH of 6.75. The nickel(II) ion uptake was pseudo-second order with respect to metal concentration and was yeast dose dependent. The rate constant, the equilibrium sorption capacity and the initial sorption rate are reported.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous-Solutions, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Carbon, Concentration, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Sorption, Ion, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Metal-Ions, Model, Nickel, Nickel(II), pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Removal, Sorbed, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Uptake, Wastewater Treatment, YeastSkountzou, P., Soupioni, M., Bekatorou, A., Kanellaki, M., Koutinas, A.A., Marchant, R. and Banat, I.M. (2003), Lead(II) uptake during baker’s yeast production by aerobic fermentation of molasses. Process Biochemistry, 38 (10), 1479-1482.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 1479.pdfAbstract: Lead(II) removal through biosorption on baker’s yeast during biomass production was studied to estimate the level of uptake from contaminated molasses medium and to monitor its impact on cell growth. Lead(II) additions had significant negative effects on growth. Concentrations above 50 mgl-1 resulted in a 50% reduction in growth rate and 60% lower overall biomass yields compared to controls. Nevertheless, the decrease in yeast biomass did not lead to decreased lead(II) uptake, on the contrary the biosorption ability was higher at higher initial lead(II) concentrations.Keywords: Aerobic, Aerobic Fermentation, Baker’s Yeast, Biomass, Biomass Production, Biosorption, Brewers-Yeast, Cell Growth, Concentrations, Effects, Fermentation, Growth, Growth Rate, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Impact, Kluyveromyces-Marxianus, Lead, Lead(II), Lead(II) Uptake, Molasses, Production, Reduction, Removal, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Sorption, Thermotolerant, Uptake, Wastewaters, YeastNuhoglu, Y. and O?uz, E. (2003), Removal of copper(II) from aqueous solutions by biosorption on the cone biomass of Thuja orientalis. Process Biochemistry, 38 (11), 1627-1631.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 1627.pdfAbstract: In this work, the removal of Copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions on the cone biomass of Thuja orientalis has been studied by using batch adsorption techniques. The biosorption equilibrium level was determined as a function of contact time, pH, temperature, agitation speed at several initial metal ion and biosorbent concentrations. Zeta potential values of the cone biomass were defined at different values of pH according to deionized water and Cu(II) solution. The removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions increased as pH, temperature and agitation speed of the solution were increased. The maximum copper biosorption occurred at 7 r.p.s. agitation speed, 70°C temperature and pH 7.7. The adsorption constants were defined according to the Freundlich, Langmuir and BET isotherm models. The experimental adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model. The results indicated that the cone biomass of Thuja orientalis is a suitable biosorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from wastewaters.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Model, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Concentrations, Cone, Copper, Copper(II), Cu(II), Equilibrium, Freundlich, Function, Heavy-Metal, Ion, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Langmuir, Metal, Model, Models, pH, Removal, Speed, Synthetic Wastewater, Techniques, Temperature, Thuja Orientalis, Water? Dursun, A.Y., Uslu, G., Cuci, Y. and Aksu, Z. (2003), Bioaccumulation of copper(II), lead(II) and chromium(VI) by growing Aspergillus niger. Process Biochemistry, 38 (12), 1647-1651.Full Text: 2003\Pro Bio38, 1647.pdfAbstract: The effect of copper(II), lead(II) and chromium(VI) ions on the growth and bioaccumulation properties of Aspergillus niger was investigated as a function of initial pH and initial metal ion concentration. The optimum pH values for growth and metal ion accumulation were determined as 5.0, 4.5 and 3.5 for copper(II), lead(II) and chromium(VI) ions, respectively. Although all metal ion concentrations caused an inhibition effect on the growth of A. niger, it was capable of removing of copper(II) and lead(II) with a maximum specific uptake capacity of 15.6 and 34.4 mg g-1 at 100 mg dm-3 initial copper(II) and lead(II) concentration, respectively. Growth of A. niger was highly effected by chromium(VI) ions and inhibited by 75 mg dm-3 initial chromium(VI) concentration since some inhibition occurred at lower concentrations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Aspergillus Niger, Bioaccumulation, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Chromium(VI), Chromium(VI) Ions, Cladophora-Crispata, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper(II), Function, Growth, Heavy-Metals, Inhibition, Ion, Lead(II), Metal, pH, pH Values, Properties, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Uptake, Uranium, Viable Aspergillus NigerMartínez, E.A., Silva, S.S., Almeida e Silva, J.B., Solenzal, A.I.N and Felipe, M.G.A. (2003), The influence of pH and dilution rate on continuous production of xylitol from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate by C. guilliermondii. Process Biochemistry, 38 (12), 1677-1683.Full Text: P\Pro Bio38, 1677.pdfAbstract: Continuous fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate by the yeast Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 was used for xylitol production from xylose. Experiments were carried out in a reactor with 1.25 l of treated hydrolysate, at 30 °C and 300 rpm. A 22 full-factorial central composite design was employed for experimental study and analysis of the results. A statistical analysis of the results showed that the effects of the pH and dilution rate (D), the interactions between these variables and the second-order effect of D on the xylitol volumetric productivity (Qp) were significant at a 95% confidence level. The second-order effect of pH was also significant at a 90% confidence level. The kLa effect on the Qp was not significant. A volumetric productivity of 0.68 g/l h, representing 95.8% of the predicted value (0.72 g/l h), was obtained.Keywords: Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate, Sugarcane Bagasse, Xylose, Xylitol, Candida Guilliermondii, Continuous FermentationLamia, A. and Moktar, H. (2003), Fermentative decolorization of olive mill wastewater by Lactobacillus plantarum. Process Biochemistry, 39 (1), 59-65.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 59.pdfAbstract: The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum growth on reductive decolorization and biodegradation of phenolic compounds were evaluated. L. plantarum growth on fresh Olive Mill Wastewaters (OMW) for 6 days produced an increase in the number of viable cells and decrease of pH due to the production of lactic acid. The growth of L. plantarium led to the depolymerization of phenolic compounds of high molecular weight, with a resultant decolorization of fresh OMW and significant reduction of total phenols, in proportion to the dilution of OMW. Approximately 58% of the color, 55% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 46% of the phenolic compounds were removed when OMW was diluted ten times. During fermentation COD and color removal increased while the number of viable cells remained constant because L. plantarum growth resulted in an increase in total suspended solid (TSS) corresponding to phenolic compounds adsorbed on cells. The removal of phenolic compounds was associated with depolymerization, their partial adsorption on the cells and biodegradation of certain simple phenolic compounds. Moreover, L. plantarum produced an inverse reaction of auto-oxidation in the oxidized phenolic compounds contained in black stored OMW by reductive depolymerization, while at the same time leading to decolorization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Anaerobic-Digestion, Antioxidant Properties, Aspergillus-Niger, Autooxidation, Biodegradation, Cells, Chemical, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Cod, Color Removal, Decolorization, Depolymerization, Effects, Fermentation, Geotrichum-Candidum, Growth, Lactic Acid, Lactobacillus Plantarum, Olive, Olive Mill Wastewaters, Optimization, Oxygen, Oxygen Demand, pH, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Phenolic Compounds, Phenols, Production, Reaction, Reduction, Reductive Decolorization, Removal, Tea Extracts, Wastewater, Wastewaters? Matos, G.D. and Arruda, M.A.Z. (2003), Vermicompost as natural adsorbent for removing metal ions from laboratory effluents. Process Biochemistry, 39 (1), 81-88.Full Text: 2003\Pro Bio39, 81.pdfAbstract: The use of vermicompost as an adsorbent to remove Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from laboratory effluents is proposed. Parameters such as adsorption pH, vermicompost amount, flow rate and particle size range were studied. An optimum pH range (2.5-5.0) was found for metal removal. The flow rate affected only slightly the removal of Cd(II) ions (about 10%). A decrease of about 20 and 27% was observed for Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions, whereas there was no change for Pb(II) ions. Higher metal removal was observed using particle size less than or equal to 150 mum and 2.5 g of vermicompost. For single-component solutions (pH 3.5, flow rate 5 ml/min), the maximum adsorption capacity of the vermicompost for Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions were 33.01, 32.63, 92.94 and 28.43 mg/ g, respectively. These values were obtained by applying the linear Langmuir equation. High adsorption capacity of vermicompost was demonstrated and an alternative for effluent treatment offered, especially due to its ease acquisition and low price. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous-Solutions, Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Cd(II), Copper, Cu(II), Effluent, Effluent Treatment, Effluents, Flow, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Low, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal Removal, Natural, Natural Adsorbent, Particle, Particle Size, Pb(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) Ions, pH, Range, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Samples, Treatment, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Vermicompost, Zn(II)Uslu, G., Dursun, A.Y., Ekiz, H.?. and Aksu, Z. (2003), The effect of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions on the growth and bioaccumulation properties of Rhizopus arrhizus. Process Biochemistry, 39 (1), 105-110.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 105.pdfAbstract: The comparative growth and Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions bioaccumulation properties of Rhizopus arrhizus were investigated as a function of initial pH, temperature and initial metal ion concentrations. The optimum initial pH for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) were determined as 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 at optimum temperatures for each metal ion, respectively. Results indicated that microbial growth and metal ion uptake of R. arrhizus were significantly affected by initial metal ion concentrations. High microbial growth and Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) accumulation yields were found at low initial metal ion concentrations. R. arrhizus was more efficient in accumulating larger amounts of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions than that of Cu(II) ions.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Bioaccumulation, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cd, Cd(II), Concentrations, Cu, Cu(II), Function, Growth, Heavy-Metal Ions, Ion, Low, Metal, Microbial, Pb, Pb(II), pH, Properties, Removal, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Temperature, Uptake, Viable R. Arrhizus, VulgarisKeskinkan, O., Goksu, M.Z.L., Yuceer, A., Basibuyuk, M. and Forster, C.F. (2003), Heavy metal adsorption characteristics of a submerged aquatic plant (Myriophyllum spicatum). Process Biochemistry, 39 (2), 179-183.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 179.pdfAbstract: Submerged aquatic plants can be used for the removal of heavy metals. In this paper, the adsorption properties of Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) for lead, zinc, and copper were investigated and the results were compared with other aquatic submerged plants. Data obtained from the initial batch adsorption studies have indicated that M. spicatum is capable of removing lead, zinc, and copper from solution. Metal biosorption was fast and equilibrium was attained within 20 min. Data obtained from further batch studies fitted the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) were 10.37 mg/g for Cu(II), 15.59 mg/g for Zn(II) and 46.49 mg/g for Pb(II). The kinetics of adsorption of zinc, lead and copper were also analysed and rate constants were derived for each metal. It was found that the overall adsorption process was best described by the pseudo second order kinetics. The results showed that this submerged aquatic plant M. spicatum can be successfully used for heavy metal removal.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Process, Adsorption Properties, Aquatic, Aquatic Plants, Aqueous-Solutions, Biosorption, Biosorption, Copper, Cu(II), Equilibrium, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Removal, Heavy Metals, Ions, Kinetics, Kinetics of Adsorption, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lead, Metal, Metal Adsorption, Metal Removal, Metals, Model, Nonliving Biomass, Paper, Pb(II), Plant, Plants, Process, Properties, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Recovery, Removal, Removal of Heavy Metals, Second Order Kinetics, Sludge, Sorption, Submerged, Water, Zinc, Zn(II)Banat, F., Al-Asheh, S. and Al-Makhadmeh, L. (2003), Evaluation of the use of raw and activated date pits as potential adsorbents for dye containing waters. Process Biochemistry, 39 (2), 193-202.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 193.pdfAbstract: The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Methylene blue (MB) on raw and thermally activated date pits, an agricultural solid waste, were investigated. The effects of activation temperature, solution temperature, solution pH, adsorbent particle size, and solution salinity on Methylene blue removal were studied. Dye removal increased with an increase in solution pH but decreased with an increase in solution temperature. Raw date pits were effective in removing MB from aqueous solutions and are a promising adsorbent material. Unexpectedly, it was found that physical activation of date pits reduced the adsorption capacity. The measured adsorption kinetics was well described by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model fitted the experimental equilibrium data.Keywords: Acid, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Agricultural, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic-Dyes, Capacity, Carbons, Coir Pith, Date Pits, Dye, Dyes, Effects, Equilibrium, Fruit Bunch Particles, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Methylene Blue, Model, Particle, Particle Size, pH, Physical, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Salinity, Solid Waste, Solution pH, Solution Temperature, Sorption, Temperature, Waste, Waste-Water, Waters? Park, S.J., Oh, J.W. and Yoon, T.I. (2003), The role of powdered zeolite and activated carbon carriers on nitrification in activated sludge with inhibitory materials. Process Biochemistry, 39 (2), 211-219.Full Text: 2003\Pro Bio39, 211.pdfAbstract: The role of two types of carrier in a continuous activated sludge (AS) reactor-powdered zeolite (AS+Z) and powdered activated carbon (AS+PAC)-for nitrification was evaluated under high organic loading, with addition of zinc and phenol. When the organics concentration of the influent was increased from 240 mg/l of COD to 360 mg/l, increasing the mass ratio of COD to total nitrogen (C/N ratio) to 5 decreased the nitrification efficiencies of AS+Z and AS+PAC from 62.5 and 64.2% to about 5%. However, considerable recovery of nitrification efficiency was observed in AS+Z during much shorter periods than AS+PAC. When 10 mg/l of zinc was fed into AS+Z and AS+PAC, the nitrification efficiencies severely deteriorated to about 2.9 and 3.1%. The suppressed nitrification efficiency in AS+Z slowly recovered to reach 43.23 mg/l NO3--N concentration (61.8% of nitrification efficiency) in days after stopping zinc addition. In contrast, AS+PAC remained at 1.54 mg/l (2.2% of nitrification efficiency). The retrieval rates of nitrification efficiency in both reactors were accelerated when sludge retention times (SRT) of AS+Z and AS+ PAC were increased. The influence of phenol on nitrification was also evaluated. When 400 mg/l of phenol was added, the effluent concentrations of NO3--N in AS+Z and AS+PAC sharply decreased from 69.24 and 51.24 mg/l to 1.89 and 1.51 mg/l, respectively, in only 14 days. After lowering the influent concentration of phenol to 60 mg/l, nitrification efficiencies were gradually recovered. Adsorption capacities for both carriers were also estimated under the same conditions in continuous bioreactors. The adsorption capacity of zeolite and activated carbon (AC) was important in improving nitrification in both reactors. Enhanced nitrification efficiency in AS+Z was accomplished by the attached growth of nitrifier on-the-surface of carriers because zeolite has a superior ammonium adsorption capacity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Ammonium, C, N, C, N Ratio, Capacity, Carbon, Carrier, COD, Concentration, Concentrations, Efficiency, Effluent, Growth, Loading, Materials, Nitrification, Nitrogen, Organic, Organics, Phenol, Powdered Activated Carbon, Reactor, Recovery, Removal, Retention, Role, Sludge, Total Nitrogen, Waste-Water, Zeolite, ZincWong, K.K., Lee, C.K. Low, K.S. and Haron, M.J. (2003), Removal of Cu and Pb from electroplating wastewater using tartaric acid modified rice husk. Process Biochemistry, 39 (4), 437-445.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 437.pdfAbstract: The potential of using tartaric acid modified rice husk (TARH) as a sorbent for the removal of Cu and Pb from semiconductor electroplating wastewater was investigated. Application of Langmuir isotherm indicated that there was no difference in the sorption capacity of TARH for Cu and Pb in synthetic solution and wastewater. A series of column studies were carried out. Increase in column bed depth yielded longer service time while increase in influent concentration and flow rate resulted in faster breakthrough. The sorption capacities of the TARH column for Cu and Pb agreed closely with the levels obtained from batch equilibrium studies. Theoretical breakthrough curves at different bed heights and flow rates generated using a two-parameter model agreed closely with experimental values in the treatment of semiconductor wastewater. In the regeneration study, Cu and Pb could be recovered almost quantitatively by eluting the column with 0.1 M HCl and the column could be used repeatedly for at least five cycles.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Batch Equilibrium, Biosorption, Capacity, Column Studies, Concentration, Copper(II), Cu, Equilibrium, Fixed-Bed, Flow, HCl, Ions, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Levels, Metal, Model, Modified, Modified Rice Husk, Pb, Regeneration, Removal, Rice, Rice Husk, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Systems, Treatment, WastewaterLi, C., Chen, H.Z. and Li, Z.H. (2004), Adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) by Fe-modified steam exploded wheat straw. Process Biochemistry, 39 (5), 541-545.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 541.pdfAbstract: Removal of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from aqueous solution by a novel materials, Fe-modified steam exploded wheat straw (Fe-SEWS), was investigated in batch studies. Various factors including pH, contact time, and Cr(VI) concentration were taken into account and promising results obtained. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms for the present system was tested. Fe-SEWS could remove Cr(VI) successfully either from synthetic wastewater or from actual electroplating wastewater, and the highest removal efficiency was 96.84 and 96.00%, respectively. Adsorbed Cr(VI) can be recovered by desorbing and the desorption rate reached 87–90%.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous Solution, Chromium, Concentration, Cr(VI), Desorption, Efficiency, Fe(III)-Modified Sews, Freundlich, Hexavalent Chromium, Isotherms, Langmuir, Materials, pH, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Steam Exploded Wheat Straw (SEWS), Synthetic Wastewater, Wastewater, Wheat, Wheat StrawAksu, Z. and G?nen, F. (2004), Biosorption of phenol by immobilized activated sludge in a continuous packed bed: Prediction of breakthrough curves. Process Biochemistry, 39 (5), 599-613.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 599.pdfAbstract: A continuous fixed bed study was carried out by using Mowital?B30H resin immobilized dried activated sludge as a biosorbent for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution. The effect of flow rate and inlet phenol concentration on the sorption characteristics of sorbent was investigated at pH 1.0. Data confirmed that the total amount of sorbed phenol and equilibrium phenol uptake decreased with increasing flow rate and increased with increasing inlet phenol concentration. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models have been used to represent the column equilibrium data. The results showed that the equilibrium data fitted both models within the concentration range studied. Four kinetic models; Adams–Bohart, Thomas, Clark and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design. All models were found suitable for describing the whole or a definite part of the dynamic behavior of the column with respect to flow rate and inlet phenol concentration.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Aspergillus-Niger, Behavior, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Breakthrough Curve, Carbons, Concentration, Design, Equilibrium, Fixed Bed, Fixed-Bed, Flow, Freundlich, Immobilized Activated Sludge, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Langmuir, Metal-Ions, Model, Models, Packed Bed Column, Parameters, pH, Phenol, Predict, Prediction, Process, Process Design, Putida, Range, Removal, Resin, Sludge, Sorbed, Sorption, UptakeAcuner, E. and Dilek, F.B. (2004), Treatment of tectilon yellow 2G by Chlorella vulgaris. Process Biochemistry, 39 (5), 623-631.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 623.pdfAbstract: Treatment of mono-azo dye, tectilon yellow 2G (TY2G), by Chlorella vulgaris was investigated. COD removal efficiencies were determined as 69, 66 and 63% for the initial TY2G concentrations of 50, 200 and 400 mg/l, respectively, whereas acclimation of C vulgaris caused them to increase to 88, 87 and 88%, respectively. Absorbance spectral profiles obtained for unacclimated algae showed that the peak observed initially at 450 nm disappeared and the one at 220 nm decreased remarkably while there was a new peak formation at 350 nm, indicating the conversion of TY2G to an end product which was further confirmed as aniline by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. In the case of acclimated algae, no aniline production was detected. The main mechanism of the removal was bioconversion in the case of unacclimated algae and degradation in the case of acclimated algae. Moreover, the higher the initial algal concentration, the higher is the COD removal efficiency achieved in a much shorter time. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acclimation, Activated-Sludge, Azo Dyes, Chlorella Vulgaris, Decolorization, Degradation, Dna, Effluents, Mono-Azo Dye, Removal, Textile Dyes, Toxicity, Treatment, Waste-Water? Wong, Y.C., Szeto, Y.S., Cheung, W.H. and McKay, G. (2004), Adsorption of acid dyes on chitosan - Equilibrium isotherm analyses. Process Biochemistry, 39 (6), 693-702.Full Text: 2004\Pro Bio39, 693.pdfAbstract: The ability of chitosan, derived from deacetylated crab shell chitin, to remove acid dyes from effluent solution by adsorption has been studied. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of five acid dyes, Acid Green 25 (AG25), Acid Orange 10 (AO10), Acid Orange 12 (AO12), Acid Red 18 (AR18) and Acid Red 73 (AR73), on chitosan were measured experimentally. Results were analysed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson (R-P) equation using a linearised correlation coefficient. The Langmuir isotherm gave the best correlation for the adsorption of AG25, AR18, AR73 and AO12 while,the composite Freundlich isotherm gave excellent correlation for AO10. The equilibrium data were then analysed using five different non-linear error analysis methods and two significant findings were obtained. Firstly, the order of isotherm selection was changed showing that the R-P equation had the lowest error values for all five acid dye-chitosan isotherms. Secondly, the values of the individual isotherm constants changed with the error methodology selected. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Chitosan, Acid Dyes, Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Adsorption Isotherms, Metal-Ions, Chitin, Diffusion, Sorption, Water, Parameters, Effluents, Dyestuffs, Removal, CopperHo, Y.S. and Wang, C.C. (2004), Pseudo-isotherms for the sorption of cadmium ion onto tree fern. Process Biochemistry, 39 (6), 759-763.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 759.pdf P\Pro Bio-Ho1.pdf P\Pro Bio-Ho1A.pdfAbstract: The kinetics of cadmium sorption on to tree fern has been investigated based on the assumption of a pseudo-second order rate law. The batch sorption model has been applied to predict the rate constant of sorption and the equilibrium capacity with the effect of initial cadmium concentration. The experimental results have been analysed by pseudo-Langmuir, pseudo-Freundlich and pseudo-Redlich-Peterson isotherms based on pseudo-second order kinetic expression constant. Both pseudo-Langmuir and pseudo-Redlich-Peterson isotherms were found to represent the measured sorption data well. According to the evaluation using the pseudo-Langmuir equation, the monolayer sorption capacity was obtained to he 16.3 mg/g. In addition, 2 analysis was also used to determine the most suitable model. Pseudo-Langmuir and pseudo-Redlich-Peterson were also the best models for the experiment data from 2 analysis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Cadmium, Capacity, Concentration, Congo-Red, Dye, Equilibrium, Equilibrium, Evaluation, Experiment, Fern, Ion, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics, Law, Metal-Ions, Model, Models, Monolayer, Predict, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Isotherm, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Removal, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Tree, Tree FernWong, Y.C. Szeto, Y.S. Cheung, W.H. and McKay, G. (2004), Adsorption of acid dyes on chitosan: Equilibrium isotherm analyses. Process Biochemistry, 39 (6), 693-702.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 693.pdfAbstract: The ability of chitosan, derived from deacetylated crab shell chitin, to remove acid dyes from effluent solution by adsorption has been studied. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of five acid dyes, Acid Green 25 (AG25), Acid Orange 10 (AO10), Acid Orange 12 (AO12), Acid Red 18 (AR18) and Acid Red 73 (AR73), on chitosan were measured experimentally. Results were analysed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson (R-P) equation using a linearised correlation coefficient. The Langmuir isotherm gave the best correlation for the adsorption of AG25, AR18, AR73 and AO12 while, the composite Freundlich isotherm gave excellent correlation for AO10. The equilibrium data were then analysed using five different non-linear error analysis methods and two significant findings were obtained. Firstly, the order of isotherm selection was changed showing that the R-P equation had the lowest error values for all five acid dye-chitosan isotherms. Secondly, the values of the individual isotherm constants changed with the error methodology selected. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Acid Dyes, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Analysis, Chitin, Chitosan, Composite, Copper, Correlation, Crab, Diffusion, Dyes, Dyestuffs, Effluent, Effluents, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Error Analysis, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal-Ions, Methodology, Methods, Parameters, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Selection, Sorption, WaterTychanowicz, G.K., Zilly, A., de Souza, C.G.M. and Peralta, R.M. (2004), Decolourisation of industrial dyes by solid-state cultures of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Process Biochemistry, 39 (7), 855-859.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 855.pdfAbstract: A solid-state system to obtain rapid in vivo industrial dye decolourisation by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius is proposed. When cultivated on glucose\ammonium tartrate-corncob solid-state medium, P. pulmonarius decolourised structurally different synthetic dyes (including azo, triphenyl methane, heterocyclic and polymeric dyes). Amido black, congo red, trypan blue, methyl green, remazol brilliant blue R (RBB), methyl violet, ethyl violet and brilliant cresyl blue were completely decolourised after 6 days of cultivation, while Methylene blue and Poly R-478 were partially decolourised. The capability of fungal culture to decolourise industrial dyes appears to be due to high titres of laccase (480 U/ml) produced in response to the presence of soluble phenolics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbed Agricultural Residues, Adsorption, Congo Red, Cultivation, Culture, Dye, Dye Decolourisation, Dyes, Fermentation, Fungus, In Vivo, Industrial, Laccase, Laccase Production, Methane, Methyl Violet, Methylene Blue, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Phenolics, Phenoloxidase, Phenoloxidase, Pleurorus Pulmonarius, Polymeric, Solid-State Fermentation, Strain, Synthetic Dyes, Textile Dyes, White Rot, White-Rot Fungi, White-Rot FungusZouboulis, A.I., Loukidou, M.X. and Matis, K.A. (2004), Biosorption of toxic metals from aqueous solutions by bacteria strains isolated from metal-polluted soils. Process Biochemistry, 39 (8), 909-916.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 909.pdfAbstract: The use of biological materials for effective removal and recovery of heavy metals from contaminated wastewaters has emerged as a potential alternative method to conventional treatment techniques. The aim of this paper was the laboratory study of biosorption of toxic metals from aqueous solution by the application of microorganisms (Bacillus laterosporus or Bacillus licheniformis), isolated from polluted (metal-laden) soil. Microorganisms have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, because of their small size and therefore, they can provide a large contact interface, which would interact with metals from the surrounding environment. Microbial metal accumulation has received much attention during recent years, due to the potential use of microorganisms for treatment of metal-polluted water or wastewater streams. Two toxic metals were selected as typical examples: a cation (cadmium) and an oxyanion (hexavalent chromium, and promising results were obtained, under optimized conditions.Keywords: Accumulation, Aqueous Solution, Attention, Bacteria, Bacterial Strains, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium Biosorption, Chromate, Chromium, Chromium(VI) Ions, Environment, Flotation, Heavy Metals, Hexavalent Chromium, Interface, Laboratory Study, Materials, Metal, Metal-Polluted Soils, Metals, Microorganisms, Oxyanion, Paper, Ramigera, Recent, Recovery, Removal, Soil, Soils, Streams, Surface, Surrounding Environment, Systems, Techniques, Toxic, Toxic Metals, Treatment, Wastewater, Water? Chang, M.Y. and Juang, R.S. (2004), Stability and catalytic kinetics of acid phosphatase immobilized on composite beads of chitosan and activated clay. Process Biochemistry, 39 (9), 1087-1091.Full Text: 2004\Pro Bio39, 1087.pdfAbstract: The stability of acid phosphatase immobilized on composite beads was studied. The beads were prepared from equal weights of cuttlebone chitosan and activated clay and were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The immobilized enzyme maintained 90% of its original activity after 50 times of reuse. The immobilized acid phosphatase revealed acceptable thermal and pH stabilities over a broad experimental range. Thermal deactivation of immobilized enzyme was also examined by first-order kinetics and the deactivation energy was determined. The kinetics of a model reaction catalyzed by the immobilized acid phosphatase was finally investigated by the Michaelis-Menten equation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Acid Phosphatase, Activated Clay, Activity, Adsorption, Beads, Beta-Glucosidase, Catalytic, Catalytic Kinetics, Chitin, Chitosan, Clay, Composite, Composite Beads, Energy, Enzyme, Enzymes, Glutaraldehyde, Immobilization, Immobilized Enzyme, Kinetics, Model, pH, Phosphatase, Purification, Range, Reaction, Removal, Reuse, Stability, WeightsSongkroah, C., Nakbanpote, W. and Thiravetyan, P. (2004), Recovery of silver-thiosulphate complexes with chitin. Process Biochemistry, 39 (11), 1553-1559.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 1553.pdfAbstract: Chitin was able to adsorb anionic silver-thiosulphate complexes at pH 2.2 within 5 min. The particle size affected adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of chitin powder and flake was 4.37 and 3.61 mg Ag/g, respectively. A high concentration of thiosulphate had the strongest influence on silver-thiosulphate adsorption, because it could form stable-dissoluble silver complexes. The mechanism of silver adsorption was analysed from the effects of pH, contact time, agitation rate, thiosulphate concentration, adsorption isotherms and elution. Results indicated that the adsorption of silver-thiosulphate had two mechanisms: electrostatic interaction between protonated chitin and the anionic silver, and coordinate covalent bonding between lone pair electrons of nitrogen and/or oxygen and silver. Adsorbed silver was completely eluted by 3.0 M of sodium thiosulphate. The application of chitin for recovery of silver from photographic waste and the treatment of chitin to increase adsorption capacity, require further study. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Biosorption, Capacity, Chitin, Complexes, Concentration, Covalent Bonding, Effects, Elution, Equilibrium, Interaction, Isotherms, Linked Chitosan Beads, Mass-Transfer, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Metals, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Particle, Particle Size, pH, Photographic Wastewater, Recovery, Removal, Silver, Silver-Thiosulphate Complexes, Sodium, Sorption, Spectrophotometric Determination, Treatment, Waste, Waste-WaterSelatnia, A., Boukazoula, A., Kechid, N., Bakhti, M.Z. and Chergui, A. (2004), Biosorption of Fe3+ from aqueous solution by a bacterial dead Streptomyces rimosus biomass. Process Biochemistry, 39 (11), 1643-1651.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 1643.pdfAbstract: The iron biosorption capacity of a Streptomyces rimosus biomass treated with NaOH was studied in batch mode. After pretreatment of biomass at the ambient temperature, optimum conditions of biosorption were found to be: a biomass particle size between 50 and 160 m, an average saturation contact time of 4 h, a biomass concentration of 3 g/l and a stirring speed of 250 rpm. The equilibrium data could be fitted by Langmuir isotherm equation. Under these optimal conditions, 122 mg Fe/gbiomass were fixed.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Alginate, Ambient, Ambient Temperature, Aqueous Solution, Batch Processing, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Competitive Adsorption, Concentration, Copper Adsorption, Diffusion-Model, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Humic Substances, Iron, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Mucor-Miehei, Particle, Particle Size, pH, Pretreatment, Removal, Saturation, Speed, Streptomyces Rimosus, Temperature, Waste-Water TreatmentAbu Al-Rub, F.A., El-Naas, M.H., Benyahia, F. and Ashour, I. (2004), Biosorption of nickel on blank alginate beads, free and immobilized algal cells. Process Biochemistry, 39 (11), 1767-1773.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 1767.pdfAbstract: The potential use of blank alginate beads, free (non-immobilized) live and dead and immobilized dead algal cells for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. Immobilization enhanced the sorption of nickel and repetitive use of the sorbent could be achieved. Increasing initial pH or initial nickel ions concentration resulted in an increase in nickel uptake. The experimental results were fitted satisfactory to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the sorption of nickel ions on blank alginate beads, free live, dead and alginate immobilized dead algal cells followed pseudo-second order kinetics.Keywords: Adsorption, Algal Cells, Alginate, Alginate Beads, Aqueous-Solutions, Beads, Biosorption, Cells, Chlorrela-Vulgaris, Concentration, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Immobilization, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Models, Nickel, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Sorption, Uptake? Canilha, L., De Almeida e Silva, J. and Solenzal, A.I.N. (2004), Eucalyptus hydrolysate detoxification with activated charcoal adsorption or ion-exchange resins for xylitol production. Process Biochemistry, 39 (12), 1909-1912.Full Text: 2004\Pro Bio39, 1909.pdfAbstract: Eucalyptus hemicellulosic hydrolysate used for xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii FTI20037 was previously treated either with ion-exchange resins or with activated charcoal adsorption combined with pH adjustment, in order that acetic acid, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural could be removed. The best results for xylitol yield factor (0.76 g/g) and volumetric productivity (0.68 g/(l h) were attained when a three-fold concentrated hydrolysate was treated with ion-exchange resins. Using activated charcoal combined with pH adjustment for treating a three-fold concentrated hydrolysate resulted in a xylitol yield factor of 0.40 g/g and a volumetric productivity of 0.30 g/(l h). This same treatment applied to a six-fold concentrated hydrolysate resulted in a xylitol yield factor of 0.66 g/g and a volumetric productivity of 0.50 g/(l h). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acetic Acid, Acid, Activated Charcoal, Adsorption, Candida Guilliermondii, Candida-Guilliermondii, Charcoal, D-Xylose, Detoxification, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus Hydrolysate, Fermentation and Xylitol Production, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Lignocellulose, pH, Production, Productivity, Resins, Treatment, Xylitol, Yeasts, YieldDenizli, A., Cihangir, N., Rad, A.Y., Taner, M. and Alsancak, G. (2004), Removal of chlorophenols from synthetic solutions using Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Process Biochemistry, 39 (11), 2025-2030.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 2025.pdfAbstract: The potential use of the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to remove chlorophenols (phenol, o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. The kinetics of both adsorption and desorption of phenolic compounds was rapid for all adsorbates. The maximum adsorptions of phenol and chlorophenols onto the Phanerochaete chrysosporium were 1.23 mmol/g for phenol, 1.49 mmol/g for o-chlorophenol, 1.78 mmol/g for p-chlorophenol and 2.14 mmol/g for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The affinity order was as follows: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > p-chlorophenol > o-chlorophenol > phenol. Phenol and chlorophenols binding with Phanerochaete chrysosporium were clearly pH dependent. The adsorption of phenol and chlorophenols increased as pH increased. Desorption of phenol or chlorophenols was achieved using methanol solution (30% (v/v)). Phanerochaete chrysosporium is suitable for reuse for more than ten cycles without noticeable loss of adsorption capacity.Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Chlorophenols, Adsorption, Desorption, Wastewater? Connolly, R., Zhao, Y.Q., Sun, G.Z. and Allen, S. (2004), Removal of ammoniacal-nitrogen from an artificial landfill leachate in downflow reed beds. Process Biochemistry, 39 (12), 1971-1976.Full Text: 2004\Pro Bio39, 1971.pdfAbstract: The fate of ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH4-N) was studied in a lab-scale downflow reed bed system treating an artificial landfill leachate. Individual reed beds were saturated by the leachate, then drained and rinsed by tap water. NH4-N was removed by a two-stage process, adsorption onto the reed bed media followed by nitrification into nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). Decrease of the NH4-N level of the leachate was observed when the reed beds were saturated. By rinsing the beds, part of the NH4-N adsorbed inside the bed matrices was released into the rinse water. The presence of NO2- and NO3-N in the rinse water demonstrated that nitrification took place while NH4-N was retained inside the bed matrices. For artificial leachates with NH4-N levels of 150 +/- 5 mg/l, an average removal rate of 44% in a 3 h treatment was achieved. Mass balance analysis indicated that adsorption, transformations into NO2- and NO3-N accounted for 64, 4 and 24% of the NH4-N removal, respectively. This study also demonstrated that in general a greater rate of effluent recirculation around downflow reed beds gives higher NH4-N removal. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Agricultural Waste-Water, Ammoniacal-Nitrogen, Analysis, Balance, Chemical Precipitation, Constructed Wetland, Efficiency, Effluent, Fate, General, Landfill, Landfill Leachate, Leachate, Levels, Media, Nitrification, NO2, NO2-, Performance, Process, Recirculation, Reed Bed, Reed Beds, Removal, System, Treatment, Wastewater Treatment, Water? Denizli, A., Cihangir, N., Rad, A.Y., Taner, M. and Alsancak, G. (2004), Removal of chlorophenols from synthetic solutions using Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Process Biochemistry, 39 (12), 2025-2030.Full Text: 2004\Pro Bio39, 2025.pdfAbstract: The potential use of the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to remove chlorophenols (phenol, o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. The kinetics of both adsorption and desorption of phenolic compounds was rapid for all adsorbates. The maximum adsorptions of phenol and chlorophenols onto the Phanerochaete chrysosporium were 1.23 mmol/g for phenol, 1.49 mmol/g for o-chlorophenol, 1.78 mmol/g for p-chlorophenol and 2.14 mmol/g for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The affinity order was as follows: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > p-chlorophenol > o-chlorophenol > phenol. Phenol and chlorophenols binding with Phanerochaete chrysosporium were clearly pH dependent. The adsorption of phenol and chlorophenols increased as pH increased. Desorption of phenol or chlorophenols was achieved using methanol solution (30% (v/v)). Phanerochaete chrysosporium is suitable for reuse for more than ten cycles without noticeable loss of adsorption capacity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Affinity, Aquatic Systems, Aqueous-Solution, Binding, Biosorption, Capacity, Chlorophenols, Desorption, Dye-Affinity Microbeads, Fungus, Kinetics, Methanol, Organic Pollutants, P-Chlorophenol, pH, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Phenol, Phenolic Compounds, Phenolic-Compounds, Reuse, Sludge, Waste-Water, Wastewater?zer, A., ?zer, D. and ?zer, A. (2004), The adsorption of copper(II) ions on to dehydrated wheat bran (DWB): Determination of the equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters. Process Biochemistry, 39 (12), 2183-2191.Full Text: P\Pro Bio39, 2183.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of copper(II) ions on to dehydrated wheat bran (DWB), a by-product of the flour process, was investigated as a function of initial pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dosage. The optimum adsorption conditions were initial pH 5.0, initial copper concentration 100 mg l-1, temperature 60°C and adsorbent dosage 0.1 g. The adsorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 51.5 mg g-1 of copper(II) ions on DWB. The observation of an increase in adsorption with increasing temperature leads to the result that the adsorption of copper(II) ions on DWB is endothermic in nature. The thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, free energy and entropy changes were calculated and these values show that the copper(II)-DWB adsorption process was favoured at high temperatures.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Process, Aqueous-Solutions, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Concentration, Copper, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Dehydrated Wheat Bran (DWB), Determination, Dosage, Energy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Function, Heavy-Metals, Industry Waste, Ion, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Metal-Ions, Model, Observation, Parameters, pH, Process, Removal, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Tree Fern, Waste-Water, WheatHo, Y.S., Chiang, T.H. and Hsueh, Y.M. (2005), Removal of basic dye from aqueous solution using tree fern as a biosorbent. Process Biochemistry, 40 (1), 119-124.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 119.pdf P\Pro Bio-Ho2.pdfAbstract: A batch sorption system using tree fern as biosorbent was investigated to remove Basic Red 13 from aqueous solutions. The system variables studied include sorbent particle size and temperature and results revealed the potential of tree fern, an agriculture product, as a low-cost sorbent. The Langmuir isotherm was found to represent the measured sorption data well. The dye sorption capacity of tree fern increased as the sorbent particle size decreased. Maximum saturated monolayer sorption capacity of tree fern for Basic Red 13 was 408 mg/g. Various thermodynamic parameters such as G, H and S were calculated indicating that this system was a spontaneous and endothermic process. ? 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Agricultural By-Products, Agriculture, Agriculture Product, Aqueous Solution, Basic Dye, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cancer Risk, Capacity, Copper, Dye, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Sorption, Fern, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Monolayer, Operations, Palm-Fruit Bunch, Parameters, Particle, Particle Size, Process, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Tree, Tree FernBorja, R., Sánchez, E., Rincón, B., Raposo, F., Martín, M.A. and Martín, A. (2005), Study and optimisation of the anaerobic acidogenic fermentation of two-phase olive pomace. Process Biochemistry, 40 (1), 281-291.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 281.pdfAbstract: A study of the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the anaerobic acidogenic fermentation of two-phase olive pomace (TPOP) was carried out at laboratory-scale and mesophilic temperature (35 degreesC). The experimental results obtained demonstrated that the optimum value of HRT for the acidogenic fermentation process was 12 days, for which a maximum production of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and, specifically, of acetic and butyric acids were obtained. It was found that a multicomponent substrate removal kinetics model adjusted very well to the experimental data obtained. A second-order kinetic model was used for the degradation of non-soluble COD whilst a first-order model was appropriate for studying both the total and soluble COD reduction. The values of the kinetic constants obtained were: 0.29, 0.29 and 0.12 g COD/g VSS per day for non-soluble, total and soluble COD degradation, respectively. A similar model was used to determine the kinetic constants for product formation, obtaining values of: 0.0007, 0.0024, 0.0022, 0.0031 and 0.0022 g COD per litre per day for acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric + caproic and TVFA, respectively. The order of the reaction of volatile fatty acids production was determined in each case, the values being in the range of 1.7-2.4, values very close to second-order. The value of the apparent kinetic constant was minimum for acetic acid formation (0.0009 g COD per litre per day) and maximum for valeric + caproic acids (0.0031 g COD per litre per day) because in the hydrolysis process of complex organic matter, long chain fatty acids appear first and faster than acetic acid. The kinetic model used was validated by comparing the theoretical and experimental values of the product formation rate (R-P). The small deviations obtained (in the range between 1.0 and 20.8%) suggest that the proposed model predicts the kinetics of volatile acids production accurately. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Anaerobic Acidogenic Fermentation, Optimization, Total Volatile Fatty Acids (TVFA), Kinetics, Two-Phase Olive Pomace, Mill Waste-Water, Methanogenesis, Temperature, Reactor, Sludge, pH, Hydrolysis, Substrate, Kinetics, AcidsChatterjee, S., Adhya, M., Guha, A.K. and Chatterjee, B.P. (2005), Chitosan from Mucor rouxii: production and physico-chemical characterization. Process Biochemistry, 40 (1), 395-400.Full Tex: P\Pro Bio40, 395.pdfAbstract: Chitosan is obtained by chemical conversion of chitin, which is a constituent of the exoskeleton of crustacea and insects. An alternative source of chitosan is the cell wall of fungi. Fungal culture media and fermentation condition can be manipulated to provide chitosan of more consistent physico-chemical properties compared to that derived chemically from chitin. Chitosan has been isolated from Mucor rouxii cultured in three different media, viz., molasses salt medium (MSM), potato dextrose broth (PDB) and yeast extract peptone glucose (YPG) medium under submerged condition and their yield has been found to be the almost same, being 0.61 g/l for MSM, 0.51 g/l for PDB and 0.56 g/l for YPG respectively. Their physico-chemical properties such as ash, moisture, protein contents and specific rotation do not show much difference. However, variation has been observed in their polydispersed nature and crystallinity. Chitosan from MSM was less polydispersed and more crystalline compared to those from YPG and PDB.Keywords: Chitosan, Mucor Rouxii, Fermentation, Polydispersity, X-Ray Diffraction?zacar, M. and ?engil, ?.A. (2005), A kinetic study of metal complex dye sorption onto pine sawdust. Process Biochemistry, 40 (2), 565-672.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 565.pdfAbstract: The removal of metal complex dyes, Metal Complex Blue (MCB) and Metal Complex Yellow (MCY), from aqueous solutions by pine sawdust has been studied in single component sorption systems. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms that govern metal complex dyes removal and find a appropriate model for the kinetics of removal in a batch reactor. In order to investigate the mechanism of sorption and potential rate controlling steps, pseuso first- and second-order equations, intraparticle diffusion equation and the Elovich equation have been used to test experimental data. Kinetic analysis of the four models has been carried out for system variables—particle size and mass of sawdust, pH and initial dye concentration. The rate constants for the four models have been determined and the correlation coefficients have been calculated in order to assess which model provides the best fit predicted data with experimental results. Both pseudo second-order equation and the Elovich equation provide the best fit to experimental data.Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Calcined Alunite, Chrome Dye, Complex, Concentration, Correlation, Diffusion, Dye, Dyes, Elovich Equation, Equilibrium, Fly-Ash, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Kinetics, Linked Chitosan Beads, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Metal, Metal Complex Dyes, Model, Models, pH, Pine, Pine Sawdust, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reactive Dyes, Reactor, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Sawdust, Second-Order Equation, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Test? Guibaud, G., Comte, S., Bordas, F. and Baudu, M. (2005), Metal removal from single and multimetallic equimolar systems by extracellular polymers extracted from activated sludges as evaluated by SMDE polarography. Process Biochemistry, 40 (2), 661-668.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 661.pdfAbstract: This paper provides information on the use of static mode dropping electrode (SMDE) polarography for the measurement of the metal complexation potential of extracellular (ECP), extracted from activated sludges, from aqueous solution containing Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni in single, bi-, tri- and multimetallic equimolar systems. This technique was useful for the evaluation of different free metal species (Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni) existing in the test solution. First, the ability of ECP to complex each metal, studied at pH 7 was carried out using polarography titration and Chau and Ruzic’s models. The ECP exhibited the following order of metal complexation (number of sites): Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd. In an equimolar mixture, results indicated that the metal complexation capabilities of ECP in multimetallic systems are not affected for Cd and Pb, weakly affected for Ni. In a multimetallic equimolar mixture, the quantities of metal removed were in accordance with the number of sites present in ECP. It was not possible to quantify Cu removal by ECP due to the distortion of the peak obtained by polarography in SMDE mode. At the study potential for Cu (0.15 to -0.20 V) the high concentration of organic matter (ECP) may have caused interference with the mercury drop. The IR data, supported by the pK(a) of ECP revealed that the carboxylic group of ECP may play a major role in metal binding onto ECP at pH 7. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Sludges, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Binding, Biosorption, Cd, Colorimetric Method, Complex, Complexation, Concentration, Copper(II), Cu, Drop, Evaluation, Extracellular Polymer, Floc Matrix, Goethite, Group, Heavy-Metals, Information, Interference, Ir, Matter, Measurement, Mercury, Metal, Mixture, Models, Ni, Organic, Organic Matter, Paper, Pb, pH, Polarography, Polymers, Removal, Role, Single and Multimetallic System, Sites, Smde Polarography, Stripping Voltammetry, Substances, Test, TitrationWang, X.S. and Qin, Y. (2005), Equilibrium sorption isotherms for of Cu2+ on rice bran. Process Biochemistry, 40 (2), 677-680.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 677.pdfAbstract: A new sorbent (rice bran) for removing Cu2+ from aqueous solution has been investigated. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich–Peterson isotherms to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model. Langmuir, Temkin and Redlich–Peterson isotherms were found to represent the measured sorption data. The maximum sorption capacity of Cu2+ on the rice bran was 33.58 mg/g according to the evaluation of using the Langmuir equation.Keywords: Aqueous Solution, Biosorption, Capacity, Cu2+, Evaluation, Freundlich, Ions, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Model, Parameters, Redlich-Peterson, Rice, Rice Bran, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sorption Isotherm, Sorption Isotherms, Tree FernMaas, R. and Chaudhari, S. (2005), Adsorption and biological decolourization of azo dye Reactive Red 2 in semicontinuous anaerobic reactors. Process Biochemistry, 40 (2), 699-705.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 699.pdfAbstract: The microbial decolourization of Reactive Red 2 (RR2) dye has been studied under anaerobic conditions. Three semicontinuous bioreactors were operated with dye concentrations––R1 (control: 0 mg RR2 l-1), R2 (100 mg RR2 l-1) and R3 (200 mg RR2 l-1). The parameters monitored were, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), methane production, colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal during the feeding cycles. The oxidation–reduction potential values for the first few days were above –150 mV, which later on decreased to less than –275 mV in all the reactors. Colour removal during the first few days of operation was due to adsorption of dye on to anaerobic biomass. However, under steady state conditions, colour removal was above 76% for both the dye containing reactors and it was due to biologically mediated degradation. Methane production and chemical oxygen demand removal in the control and dye containing reactors were almost the same. Integrated analysis of the monitored parameters indicated that, the primary mechanism of colour removal was adsorption of RR2 on to anaerobic biomass and subsequent degradation. Decolourization rates were found to be first order with respect to dye concentration, although an increase in the influent dye concentration resulted in a decrease in the rate from 0.0074 (g volatile suspended solid, VSS)-1 h-1 (100 mg RR2 l-1) to 0.0039 (g VSS)-1 h-1 (200 mg RR2 l-1). Based on total methane production no inhibition effect of dyes was observed but total methanogenic activity (TMA) results exhibited inhibition of methanogenesis.Keywords: Activity, Adsorption, Analysis, Azo Dye, Biomass, Chemical, Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, Colour, Colour Removal, Concentration, Control, Decolorization, Decolourization, Degradation, Dye, Dyes, Feeding, Inhibition, Mechanism, Methane, Methanogenesis, Methanogenic Activity, Microbial, Oxygen, Oxygen Demand, Parameters, Production, Redox Potential, Reduction, Removal, Starch, Steady-State, Textile Dye, TMA, Toxicity, Volatile, Waste-WaterCarmona, M.E.R., da Silva, M.A.P. and Ferreira Leite, S.G. (2005), Biosorption of chromium using factorial experimental design. Process Biochemistry, 40 (2), 779-788.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 779.pdfAbstract: An experimental design technique has been used to investigate the biosorption of chromium from water solutions, simulating typical tanning effluents. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) usually allows solutions containing heavy metals to be discharged if the concentration is less than 5.0 mg/L. The removal of Cr3+ and Cr6+ was studied, separately, using the factorial design 23. The three factors considered were pH, temperature, and metal concentration at two markedly different levels: Cr3+, pH (2.0 and 6.0), T (29 and 55 °C), and metal concentration (10 and 1200 mg/L); Cr6+, pH (1.0 and 3.0), T (29 and 55 °C), and metal concentration (10 and 1200 mg/L). Experiments were carried out in a batch type reactor system with 0.2 g of biosorbent (Sargassum sp.), and 50 mL of Cr3+ or Cr6+ solutions. The efficiency of chromium removal during an exposition time of 6 h was then evaluated. The results were analyzed statistically using the Student’s t-test, analysis of variance, F-test, and lack of fit to define the most important process variables affecting the metal removal efficiency.The most significant effect regarding Cr3+ uptake was ascribed to interaction between metal concentration and pH. For Cr6+, the most significant effect was ascribed to metal concentration.Keywords: Activated-Sludge, Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous-Solution, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Chromium, Concentration, Cr(VI), Cr6+, Design, Efficiency, Effluents, Experimental Design, Factorial Design, Factorial Experimental Design, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Interaction, Ions, Levels, Metal, Metal Removal, Metals, Packed-Bed, pH, Process, Reactor, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Sargassum, Sargassum sp., Tanning Effluents, Temperature, United States, Uptake, WaterSánchez, E., Borja, R., Travieso, L., Martín, A. and Colmenarejo, M.F. (2005), Effect of influent substrate concentration and hydraulic retention time on the performance of down-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactors treating piggery wastewater in a tropical climate. Process Biochemistry, 40 (2), 817-829.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 817.pdfAbstract: E-mail: The effect of influent substrate concentration on the performance of down-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactors (AFBR) treating piggery wastewater was studied at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) in the range of 1–6 days at tropical temperatures (24.2–30.5 °C). Six down-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactors of 6-l total volume and 5-l effective volume operated in parallel at influent strengths of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g total COD (TCOD) l?1. The highest substrate removal efficiencies were obtained in reactors that operated at influent strengths in the range of 4–8 g TCOD l?1 at HRTs of 1 and 2 days. At higher influen strengths, the efficiency of the process deteriorated. The removal rates of TCOD, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) were increased with the influent strength up to 8 g TCOD l?1, decreasing further for higher influent substrate concentrations. In addition, the concentration of microorganisms within the reactors increased with the influent strength. The results obtained demonstrated that the substrate removal rate was correlated with the effluent substrate concentration through a second-order kinetic model for multicomponent substrate degradation. The values of the kinetic constants obtained increased with the influent strength and were found to be 0.59, 0.83, 0.88, 1.09, 1.17 and 1.26 g TCOD g?1 volatile suspended solids (VSS) per day for influent strengths of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g TCOD l?1, respectively, for a probability level of 95% (P≤0.05).Keywords: Piggery Wastewater, Influent Strength, Hydraulic Retention Time, Down-FlowAksu, Z. and Tun?, ?. (2005), Application of biosorption for penicillin G removal: Comparison with activated carbon. Process Biochemistry, 40 (2), 831-847.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 831.pdfAbstract: Antibiotics are potential pollutants being responsible for disturbing the wastewater treatment processes and the microbial ecology of surface waters. The potential use of dried Rhizopus arrhizus and activated sludge as a substitute for powdered activated carbon for removal of penicillin G, one of the most widely used antibiotics, from aqueous solution was examined. The biosorption/adsorption of penicillin G on the three sorbents was investigated in a batch system by considering the decomposition of penicillin G as a function of pH, temperature and initial penicillin G concentration. The decomposition of penicillin G was strongly dependent on the aqueous phase pH and temperature and followed a first-order decomposition kinetics. Adsorption studies were performed under mild conditions of pH and temperature in order to minimise decomposition of penicillin G. Maximum sorption was observed at the initial pH value of 6.0 and at 35 °C, and the equilibrium uptake increased with increasing initial penicillin G concentration up to 1000 mg l?1 for all penicillin G–sorbent systems. Penicillin G uptake capacity was determined as 330.0 mg g?1 for activated sludge, 459.0 mg g?1 for R. arrhizus and 375.0 mg g?1 for activated carbon at these conditions. The suitability of the Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson and Koble–Corrigan adsorption models to the equilibrium data was also investigated at various temperatures for all three sorbents. For all penicillin G–sorbent systems, the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order and a saturation type kinetic model rather than a pseudo-first-order kinetic model at all temperatures studied. The activation energy of adsorption was determined from the Arrhenius equation using saturation type kinetic constants for each sorbate–sorbent system. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium coefficients obtained at different temperatures, the thermodynamic constants of each sorption process (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) were also evaluated.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Sludge, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Antibiotics, Aquatic Environment, Aqueous Phase, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Batch System, Biosorption, Capacity, Carbon, Concentration, Decomposition, Decomposition Kinetics, Ecology, Energy, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Function, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Microbial, Microbial Ecology, Model, Models, Penicillin, Penicillin G, pH, Pollutants, Powdered Activated Carbon, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, R.Arrhizus, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Rhizopus Arrhizus, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Saturation, Sludge, Sludge Biomass, Sorbents, Sorption, Substances, Surface, Surface Waters, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Treatment, Uptake, Waste-Water, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Waters? Aslan, ?. and Türkman, A.E. (2005), Combined biological removal of nitrate and pesticides using wheat straw as substrates. Process Biochemistry, 40 (2), 935-943.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 935.pdfAbstract: Nitrate and the selected pesticides, trifluralin, fenitrothion and endosulfan (alpha + beta) removal was studied in an up flow biological denitrification reactor packed with wheat straw as carbon source and support particles for microorganisms. A high removal efficiency was observed for the selected pesticides and nitrate in the biological denitrification continuous reactor. During the continuous study, 23.4% of the initial weight of wheat straw was lost and 24 g was exhausted per gram of nitrogen removed. Adsorption capacity of wheat straw was determined by batch column experiments and compared with activated carbon (AC) adsorption under similar conditions. In order to remove colour, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate from the water, activated carbon adsorption studies were performed in a batch unit. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Biodenitrification, Biological Denitrification, Capacity, Carbon, Carbon Source, Colour, Contaminated Groundwater, Continuous Reactor, Denitrification, Dissolved, Dissolved Organic Carbon, DOC, Drinking Water, Drinking-Water Denitrification, Efficiency, Endosulfan, Fenitrothion, Filter, Flow, Membrane Bioreactor, Nitrate, Nitrogen, Organic, Organic Carbon, Particles, Pesticides, Reactor, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Source, Sulfur, Support, Water, Wheat, Wheat StrawNotes: highly citedAksu, Z. (2005), Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: A review. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 997-1026.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 997.pdfAbstract: In modern society, an increasing number of hazardous organic compounds are being discharged into the environment. Most are degraded or detoxificated by physical, chemical and biological treatments before released into the environment. Although the biological treatments are a removal process for some organic compounds, their products of biodegradation may also be hazardous. Moreover, some nondegradable compounds discharged into the environment along with the treated compounds can cause problems because they usually come back to humanbeings through the several channels such as bioaccumulation. As a result, organic molecules that are not biodegradable, can still be removed from the wastewater by the microbial biomass via the process of biosorption. Biosorption is also becoming a promising alternative to replace or supplement the present removal processes of organic pollutants from wastewaters. Among these pollutants, dyes, phenolics and pesticides have recently been of great concern because of the extreme toxicity and/or persistency in the environment. Biosorption of these type of hazardous organics by selected live and dead microoganisms has been investigated by various workers. This review examines a wide variety of microorganisms (fungi, yeasts, bacteria, etc.), which are capable of uptake of organic pollutants, discusses various mechanisms involved in biosorption, discusses the effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, concentrations of organic pollutant, other ions, and biomass in solution, pretreatment method, etc. on biosorption, reports some elution and regeneration methods for biomass; summarizes the equilibrium and kinetic models used in batch and continuous biosorption systems which are important to determine the biosorption capacity of microorganism and to design of treatment processes.Keywords: Activated-Sludge, Anaerobic Granular Sludge, Aqueous-Solution, Bacteria, Bagasse Fly-Ash, Batch System, Bioaccumulation, Biodegradable, Biodegradation, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Chemical, Concentrations, Continuous System, Design, Dyes, Effects, Elution, Environment, Equilibrium, Fungi, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Kluyveromyces-Marxianus IMB3, Mechanisms, Methods, Microbial, Microbial Biomass, Microorganism, Models, Organic, Organic Compounds, Organic Molecules, Organic Pollutant, Organic Pollutants, Organics, Parameters, Pesticides, pH, Phenolics, Physical, Pollutant, Pollutants, Pretreatment, Process, Products, Reactive Textile Dyes, Regeneration, Remazol-Black-B, Removal, Review, Rhizopus-Arrhizus Biomass, Temperature, Toxicity, Treatment, Uptake, Wastewater, White-Rot FungiI?ik, M. and Sponza, D.T. (2005), A batch study for assessing the inhibition effect of Direct Yellow 12 in a mixed methanogenic culture. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1053-1062.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1053.pdfAbstract: The fate of the azo dye Direct Yellow 12 (DY 12) were investigated with partially granulated anaerobic mixed culture using glucose (3000 mg l-1 COD) as carbon source and electron donor during batch incubation. Monod’s zerro-, first-, and second-order reaction kinetics were tested to determine the most suitable substrate removal kinetic. COD was removed according to the first-order reaction kinetic. Since increasing dye concentrations significantly inhibited substrate degradation, different kinetics were tested in order to detect the type and the level of inhibition. Aromatic amine and volatile fatty acid accumulation was observed proportionally at a higher DY 12 concentration. A competitive kinetic model that describes the anaerobic co-metabolism of increasing DY 12 dye concentrations with glucose as co-substrate was developed based on the experimental data. The inhibition constants (KID) were between 1055 and 255 mg l-1 for batch reactors containing between 400 and 3200 mg l-1 of DY 12 dye. In a sample containing 200 mg l-1 of DY 12, no inhibition was observed. The slope of the inhibited reaction was K-s/R-max (1 + IIKID) and the R-max values did not vary significantly. The rate of substrate removal was competitively inhibited by 90%. in reactors containing 3200 mg l-1 of DY 12 compared to dye-free reactors for 1000 mg l-1 of glucose-COD. In this type of inhibition, the substrate removal rates was 1.33 mg l-1 h and the K-s value was 14301 mg l-1 in batch reactors containing for 3200 mg l-1 of DY 12 dye, and 1000 mg l-1 of glucose-COD. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Azo Dye, Direct Yellow 12, Substrate Removal, Competitive Inhibition, Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment, Azo-Dye Degradation, Reactive Dyes, Waste-Water, Decolorization, Reduction, Toxicity, System, Biodegradation, AzoreductaseI?ik, M. and Sponza, D.T. (2005), Substrate removal kinetics in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor decolorising simulated textile wastewater. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1189-1198.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1189.pdfAbstract: A simulated wastewater containing sizing agents, azo dyes, salts and other additives was treated using a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) in order to obtain the substrate removal kinetic of the reactor through decolorization of dyes. COD removal efficiencies decreased from 80 to 29.5% when the HRT decreased from 100 to 6 h. The colour removal efficiencies were between 90 and 95% for HRTs of 100 and 6. Monod, Contois, Gran second order, modified Stover-Kincannon, and first order kinetic models were applied to determine the substrate removal kinetic of UASB reactor. The experimental data obtained from the steady-state conditions showed that Grau second order, modified Stover-Kincannon and Contois substrate removal kinetic models were suitable than the other applied models for predicting the performance of lab-scale UASB reactor treating the azo dyes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Simulated Textile Wastewater, UASB, Grau, Stover-Kineannon, Contois, Azo Dyes, Microbial Decolorization, Biological Treatment, Aerobic Treatment, Uasb Reactor, Growth-Rate, Effluent, System, Digestion, BiotreatmentCarvalheiro, F., Duarte, L.C., Lopes, S., Parajó, J.C., Pereira, H. and Gírio, F.M. (2005), Evaluation of the detoxification of brewery’s spent grain hydrolysate for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii CCMI 941. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1215-1223.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1215.pdfAbstract: The hemicellulose fraction of brewery’s spent grain was selectively hydrolyzed by two sequential steps, autohydrolysis and post-hydrolysis (with diluted sulfuric acid), in order to obtain a fermentable hydrolysate. The concentrations of monosaccharides and inhibitory by-products generated by these sequential processes were evaluated and several detoxification methods for inhibitors removal were tested. These methods included pH adjustment to 5.5, overliming, adsorption into activated charcoal and treatment with anion- and cation-exchange resins at different pH. The treatment of the raw hydrolysate with anion-exchange resins without previous pH correction was found to be the method that removed more inhibitory compounds. Detoxification effects in both non-concentrated and concentrated hydrolysates were evaluated for Debaryomyces hansenii biomass and xylitol production, respectively. When supplemented with inorganic salts and vitamins, the detoxified hydrolysates (through anion-exchange resins) showed lower biomass yield and only slightly higher volumetric productivity (11%) compared to the non-detoxified (pH-adjusted) hydrolysates. The best xylitol yields (0.51 and 0.50 g g?1) and productivities (0.29 and 0.33 g l?1 h?1) were found both in non-detoxified and detoxified with activated charcoal hydrolysates, respectively.Keywords: Acid, Acid Post-Hydrolysis, Activated Charcoal, Adsorption, Anion Exchange, Anion Exchange Resins, Aspenwood Hemicellulose, Autohydrolysis, Bagasse Hemicellulose Hydrolysate, Biomass, Brewery’s Spent Grain, By-Products, Byproducts, Candida-Guilliermondii, Cation Exchange, Charcoal, Concentrations, D-Xylose, Debaryomyces Hansenii, Detoxification, Effects, Ethanol-Production, Fermentation Inhibitors, Inhibitors, Inorganic, Inorganic Salts, Methods, Monosaccharides, Pachysolen-Tannophilus, pH, Pichia-Stipitis, Production, Productivity, Removal, Resins, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Spent Grain, Sulfuric Acid, Treatment, Vitamins, Wood, Xylitol, Yield? Moon, C.J. and Lee, J.H. (2005), Use of curdlan and activated carbon composed adsorbents for heavy metal removal. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1279-1283.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 1279.pdfAbstract: Porous particles composed of curdlan and activated carbon mixture were developed to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution. The pore size was successfully controlled with the activated carbon to curdlan ratio. With pre-treatment of curdlan using acidic and alkaline solutions, the strength of the developed particles was increased. However, the adsorption capacity was decreased due to the residual sodium chloride produced from neutralization. The adsorption capacity for heavy metals was sufficiently high to remove these from the solution. The maximum heavy metal adsorption capacities for Cu(II), Mn(II), Pb(ll), and Cd(II) were 161 mg/g of adsorbent, 75, 72, and 41 mg/g, respectively. This result showed that the developed adsorption particles can be used for removing heavy metals from oriental herbs, especially those used in traditional oriental medicine. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Agrobacterium sp, Aqueous Solution, Beads, Capacity, Carbon, Cd(II), Chloride, Cu(II), Curdlan, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Adsorption, Heavy Metal Removal, Heavy Metals, Ions, Metal, Metal Adsorption, Metal Removal, Metals, Mixture, Mn(II), Particles, Pore Size, Pre-Treatment, Pretreatment, Removal, Sodium, StrengthAyyappan, R., Carmalin Sophia, A., Swaminathan, K. and Sandhya, S. (2005), Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using carbon derived from agricultural wastes. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1293-1299.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1293.pdfAbstract: Batch adsorption studies were conducted to study the feasibility of using carbon derived from agro waste materials viz; pith, bagasse and saw dust for the purification of wastewater containing Pb(II). The effects of initial metal concentration, contact time, pH and adsorbent dose on the removal of Pb(II) were studied. Among the three adsorbents studied, carbon derived from pith showed better removal than the other adsorbents. Kinetics of removal of Pb(II) was studied using Lagergren rate plots and diffusion phenomena was analyzed using Weber and Morris intra particle diffusion plots. The applicability of the data was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Desorption of Pb(II) from the sorbed carbon was achieved by eluting with 0.1 M HNO3. Carbon was retrieved by washing with 0.1 M CaCl2 solution and reused.Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Agricultural, Aqueous Solution, Bagasse, Carbon, Concentration, Copper, Diffusion, Dust, Effects, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy-Metals, HNO3, Husk, Ions, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Materials, Metal, Particle, Particle Diffusion, Pb(II), pH, Pith, Purification, Removal, Saw Dust, Sawdust, Shell, Sorbed, Washing, Waste, Wastes, Wastewater, WaterNasernejad, B., Zadeh, T.E., Pour, B.B., Bygi, M.E. and Zamani, A. (2005), Camparison for biosorption modeling of heavy metals (Cr(III), Cu(II), Zn(II)) adsorption from wastewater by carrot residues. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1319-1322.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1319.pdfAbstract: The removal of chromium(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption on carrot residues (CR) was studied. Biosorption of chromium(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) on CR were compared. It was shown that CR has high metal removal efficiency. The Freundlich and Langmuir model can describe the adsorption equilibrium of chromium(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) on CR. The Freundlich and Langmuir constants for biosorption of chromium(III), copper(II) and zinc(II) on CR were determined. The effect of solution pH on biosorption was studied.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Aqueous Solution, Biosorption, Carrot, Carrot Residues, Cations, Chromium, Copper, Cr, Cu(II), Efficiency, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Heavy Metals, Langmuir, Langmuir Constants, Langmuir Model, Metal, Metal Removal, Metals, Model, Modeling, pH, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Residues, Solution pH, Wastewater, ZincAksu, Z. and Tezer, S. (2005), Biosorption of reactive dyes on the green alga Chlorella vulgaris. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1347-1361.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1347.pdfAbstract: Biosorption of three vinyl sulphone type reactive dyes (Remazol Black B (RB), Remazol Red RR (RR) and Remazol Golden Yellow RNL (RGY)) onto dried Chlorella vulgaris, a green alga was investigated in a batch system. The algal biomass exhibited the highest dye uptake capacity at the initial pH value of 2.0 for all dyes. The effect of temperature on equilibrium sorption capacity indicated that maximum capacity was obtained at 35 °C for RB biosorption and at 25 °C for RR and RGY biosorptions. Biosorption capacity of alga increased with increasing initial dye concentration up to 800 mg l?1 for RB and RR dyes, and up to 200 mg l?1 for RGY dye. Among the three dyes, RB was adsorbed most effectively by the biosorbent to a maximum of approximately 419.5 mg g?1. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson and Koble–Corrigan adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isotherm constants were evaluated at different temperatures. Equilibrium data of RB biosorption fitted very well to all models except that the Langmuir model, while this model was found most suitable for describing the biosorptions of RR and RGY dyes in the studied concentration and temperature ranges. The pseudo first- and second-order and saturation type kinetic models were also applied to the experimental data assuming that the external mas transfer limitations in the system can be neglected. The results indicated that the dye uptake process followed the pseudo second-order and saturation type rate expressions for each dye-C. vulgaris system.Keywords: Adsorption, Algae, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Chlorella Vulgaris, Concentration, Decolorization, Dye, Dyes, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Sorption, Freundlich, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Limitations, Model, Models, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reactive Dye, Reactive Dyes, Redlich-Peterson, Remazol Black B, Remazol Golden Yellow Rnl, Remazol Red RR, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Saturation, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Temperature, Textile Effluent, Transfer, Uptake, WastewatersAr?ca, M.Y. and Bayramo?lu, G. (2005), Purification of lysozyme from egg white by Reactive Blue 4 and Reactive Red 120 dye-ligands immobilised composite membranes. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1433-1442.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1433.pdfAbstract: A composite membrane was synthesized from 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and chitosan (pHEMA/chitosan) via UV initiated photo-polymerisation. Reactive Blue 4 (Blue-4) and Reactive Red 120 (Red-120) were immobilised onto pHEMA/chitosan membranes. In the first part of this study, the binding characteristics of lysozyme to different dye-ligand immobilized membranes have been studied from aqueous solution using the plain membrane as a control system. The polarity of the investigated membranes was determined by contact angle measurement. The adsorption capacities of both dye-ligand immobilised membranes increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The adsorption isotherm fitted both the Langmuir and the Freundlich models. A theoretical analysis has been conducted to estimate the thermodynamic contributions (changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy) for the adsorption of lysozyme to different dye-ligand immobilised composite membranes. In the second part, their purification efficacy of lysozyme from egg white was investigated. The purity of the eluted lysozyme was analysed by HPLC. The purity of lysozyme extracted from egg white was 84% with Red-120 immobilised membrane. This was 21% for Blue-4 immobilised membrane. The recovery yields were 72% and 16% for Red-120 and Blue-4 immobilised membranes, respectively. The Red 120 immobilised membrane provided an efficient method to purify lysozyme from egg white, showing high adsorption capacity and high selectivity for the lysozyme. On the other hand, the Blue-4 immobilised composite membrane had a lower adsorption capacity and selectivity than that of the Red-120 immobilised one. Purification was monitored by determination of lysozyme activity using Micrococcus lysodeikticus as substrate. The dye-ligand immobilised composite membranes are stable when subjected to sanitization with sodium hydroxide after repeated separation–elution cycles.Keywords: Activity, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Affinity Membranes, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Binding, Capacity, Chitosan, Chromatography, Composite, Composite Membrane, Concentration, Contact Angle, Control, Determination, Dye-Ligand, Dye-Ligands, Efficacy, Energy, Entropy, Freundlich, Hand, HPLC, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lysozyme, Measurement, Membrane, Membranes, Models, Phema, Chitosan Membranes, Poly(2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate), Chitosan, Protein Adsorption, Purification, R Glutenin Subunits, Reactive Blue 4, Reactive Dyes, Recovery, Sanitization, Selectivity, Separation, Sodium, Sodium Hydroxide, Spacer Arms, Substrate, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, UVAltundogan, H.S. (2005), Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by iron(III) hydroxide-loaded sugar beet pulp. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1443-1452.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1443.pdfAbstract: In this study, a composite adsorbent was prepared from sugar beet pulp by loading with iron(III) hydroxide and its Cr(VI) removal properties from aqueous solutions were investigated. For this purpose, sugar beet pulp was subjected to the treatments of saponification, ferric chloride impregnation, hydrolysing and heating. Thus, the individual effects of these treatments on the Cr(VI) removal properties of pulp were determined. Results of standardised adsorption experiments showed that the most suitable adsorbent is the hydrolysing product of ferric chloride impregnated-saponified sugar beet pulp (PSFH). Maximum total chromium-removal efficiency of PSFH was 83.1% at the final pH of 4.4 for the conditions of 10 mg l?1 Cr(VI) concentration, 120 min contact time and 25 °C. Also, it was found that the reduction of Cr(VI) occurred during the sorption process is an important issue. Data obtained from the Cr(VI) adsorption study carried out by PSFH were well fit to the Lagergren and Langmuir equations. Also, thermodynamic calculations showed that the process is exothermic and spontaneous.Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Binding-Capacity, Chloride, Composite, Composite Adsorbent, Concentration, Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Removal, Divalent Metal-Cations, Effects, Efficiency, Ferric, Hexavalent Chromium, Hexavalent Chromium, Impregnation, Improvement, Iron, Iron(III) Hydroxide, Langmuir, Loading, pH, Process, Properties, Pulp, Reduction, Reduction, Removal, Sorption, Sugar, Sugar Beet Pulp, ThermodynamicMontalvo, S., Díaz, F., Guerrero, L., Sánchez, E. and Borja, R. (2005), Effect of particle size and doses of zeolite addition on anaerobic digestion processes of synthetic and piggery wastes. Process Biochemistry, 40 (3-4), 1475-1481.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1475.pdfAbstract: The contribution of natural zeolite to the enhancement of the anaerobic digestion processes of piggery waste and synthetic wastewater with similar strengths was studied. Natural zeolite of up to 1 mm particle size was used in batch experiments. The influence of the particle size of natural zeolite on the anaerobic digestion processes of these substrates was also studied. The anaerobic process was favoured by the addition of natural zeolite at doses of between 0.05 and 0.30 g/g of volatile suspended solids (VSS), the optimum value being 0.10 g/g VSS. A first-order kinetic model was used to fit the experimental data with a probability level of 95% (P ≤ 0.05). Values of the kinetic constants were determined to be dependent on the zeolite doses, achieving a maximum value (0.218/d) at a dose of 0.10 g zeolite/g VSS and a minimum value (0.145/d) at a dose of 0.40 g zeolite/g VSS. Zeolite and sand as supports for the immobilization of microorganisms were compared using a synthetic substrate and significant differences in TCOD removal efficiencies and methane production were not found between these two supports. It was found that, under the experimental conditions evaluated, the main mechanism of anaerobic process enhancement, in the case of piggery waste, was the high capacity of zeolite for microorganisms immobilization while the capacity of this support for ammonia nitrogen reduction was not relevant. However, in the case of synthetic waste, both the capacity for microorganisms immobilization and for reducing the concentration of toxic nitrogen (NH3) by the zeolite were relevant.Keywords: Natural Zeolite, Anaerobic Processes, Ammonia Nitrogen, Piggery Waste, Synthetic Wastewater? Persson, P., Kempe, H., Zacchi, G. and Nilsson, B. (2005), Estimation of adsorption parameters in a detailed affinity chromatography model based on shallow bed experiments. Process Biochemistry, 40 (5), 1649-1659.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 1649.pdfAbstract: A method for estimation of unknown adsorption parameters in a detailed chromatography model including the Langmuir adsorption expression is proposed. The model describes the concentration of the solute in the mobile phase and considers extemal/intemal mass transfer resistance and adsorption dynamics. The external volume and its mixing effect are also considered. The unknown model parameters estimated are the bed void, the axial dispersion coefficient, the liquid film mass transfer coefficient, the effective diffusion coefficient, the apparent bead porosity, the adsorption/desorption rate coefficients and the Langmuir isotherm. All the parameters in the model were subsequently determined in four classes of experiments, the external mixing behaviour, the mobile phase behaviour, the stationary phase behaviour and the adsorption behaviour. The estimates are based on the sum of the least squares of the residuals between the experimental breakthrough curves and the model response. The methodology is exemplified by frontal experiments with bovine serum albumin in a shallow packed bed. The results show that it is possible to estimate the adsorption parameters using the proposed methodology, and to replace the Langmuir adsorption dynamic expression with the corresponding isotherm when high inlet concentrations are used. It was also investigated at what inlet concentration this model simplification resulted in satisfactory results. It was possible to estimate adsorption parameters using several experimental breakthrough curves simultaneously, i.e. multiple data responses, to obtain single parameters that are valid within the interval of inlet concentrations used. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Parameters, Affinity, Affinity Chromatography, Albumin, Bovine, Bovine Serum Albumin, Chromatography, Computer Simulation, Concentration, Concentrations, Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficient, Dispersion, Dynamics, Effective Diffusion Coefficient, Estimation, Film, Frontal, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Least Squares, Least-Squares, Liquid-Chromatography, Mass Transfer, Mass Transfer Resistance, Methodology, Mixing, Model, Modelling, Parameter Estimation, Parameters, Porosity, Resistance, Serum, Serum Albumin, Shallow Bed, Simulation, Transfer, Transfer Coefficient? Pazarlio?lu, N.K. and Telefoncu, A. (2005), Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida immobilized on activated pumice particles. Process Biochemistry, 40 (5), 1807-1814.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 1807.pdfAbstract: Pseudomonas putida was acclimized to phenol by increase in concentration and the degradation rate was calculated as approximately 0.042 g l-1 h-1 in batch shake flask cultures. Phenol degradation by P. putida immobilized on several silica based support materials was investigated. Pumice was chosen as a support material and then partially characterized physically and chemically. The cell adsorption ratio was 91% with Zr-activated pumice. The biocatalyst completely degraded 1.0 g l-1 phenol in the batch shaking system in 22 h and it was also used in recycled and continuous mode packed bed bioreactors for phenol degradation. The performance of the bioreactor was tested by running five times and it was observed that the degradation rates did not change for the first four runs. The biodegradation rate becomes high and concentration-independent in recycled packed bed bioreactors for phenol degradation. The reactor performance at high phenol concentration for the reactor tolerance was 1.25 g phenol l-1. Continuous degradation of phenol in a packed bed bioreactor was also studied. The phenol concentrations in the feed tank was increased with a constant dilution rate (2.27 h-1) from 0.065 to 0.820 g l-1. The maximum phenol degradation level of 99% was reached at a phenol loading rate of 0.001-0.002 g l-1. The biocatalyst could be stored at 4°C for 6 months without significant decrease in activity. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activity, Adsorption, Biodegradation, Bioreactor, Concentration, Concentrations, Culture, Degradation, Dilution Rate, Feed, Immobilization, Kinetics, Loading, Materials, Oxidation, P-Putida, Particles, Performance, Phenol, Phenol Biodegradation, Pseudomonas Putida, Pumice, Reactor, Silica, Sludge, Substrate, Support, Tolerance, Waste-Water?ahin, Y. and ?ztürk, A. (2005), Biosorption of chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solution by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Process Biochemistry, 40 (5), 1895-1901.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1895.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions on dried vegetative cell and spore–crystal mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis was tested using the batch method as a function of pH, initial metal ion concentration and temperature. The optimum adsorption pH value observed for chromium(VI) ions was 2.0. At the optimal conditions, metal ion uptake has rised with increasing initial metal ion concentration. Chromium(VI) ions uptake of B. thuringiensis’ spore–crystal mixture at 250 mg l?1 was 24.1%, whereas its vegetative cell metal uptake was 18.0%. Chromium(VI) biosorption experiments were carried out at three different temperatures, 15, 25 and 35 °C. The best temperature for biosorption was 25 °C. Scatchard plot analysis were used to obtain more compact information about the interaction between chromium(VI) ions and biosorbents. The plot results are further studied to determine if they fit Langmuir and Freundlich models. Scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding data for chromium(VI) ions on vegetative cell and spore–crystal mixture of B. thuringiensis gave rise to a linear plot, indicating that the Langmuir model could be applied. The adsorption data with respect to the metal provided an excellent fit to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Bacillus Thuringiensis, Binding, Biosorption, Chromium(VI), Chromium(VI) Ions, Cladophora-Crispata, Concentration, Copper(II), Equilibrium, Freundlich, Function, Information, Interaction, Ion, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Metal, Metal Uptake, Metal-Ions, Mixture, Model, Models, pH, Proteins, Temperature, Toxic Metal Removal, Uptake? Pazarlioglu, N.K., Urek, R.O. and Ergun, F. (2005), Biodecolourization of Direct Blue 15 by immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Process Biochemistry, 40 (5), 1923-1929.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 1923.pdfAbstract: In vitro and in vivo biodecolourization of structurally different nine direct azo dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on ZrOCI, -activated pumice was studied in stationary cultures. No lignin peroxidase activity was detected in the extracellular medium of R chrysosporium. In order to support dye degradation, ligninolytic culture filtrate from fungus, containing mainly manganese peroxidase, was treated with dye. Direct Blue 15 (DB15, 120 mg/l) was determined as the best decolourized dye and its decolourization by immobilized P. chrysosporium was studied in a small-scale packed-bed reactor (PBR). The colour removal efficiency in repeated batches was found as 95-100%. Kinetic analysis of enzymatic decolourization of DB15 indicate that the process is time dependent and follows first-order kinetics with respect to initial concentrations of dye. The rates of colour removal (k values) decrease to a significant extent with increasing initial concentrations of dye. In this decolourization process, it was observed that MnP played an important role while there was no obvious role for UP and adsorption was determined as a minor mechanism in decolourizing DB15. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activity, Adsorption, Analysis, Azo Dyes, Azo Dyes, Biodegradation, Bioreactor, Colour, Colour Removal, Concentrations, Culture, Decolorization, Decolourization, Degradation, Direct Blue 15, Dye, Dyes, Efficiency, Effluent, Fungus, Immobilization, In Vivo, Kinetics, Laccase, Lignin, Lignin Peroxidase, Manganese, Manganese Peroxidase, Mechanism, Oxidation, Peroxidase, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Process, Pumice, Reactor, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Role, Support, White-Rot FungusAndrade, A.D., Rollemberg, M.C.E. and Nóbrega, J.A. (2005), Proton and metal binding capacity of the green freshwater alga Chaetophora elegans. Process Biochemistry, 40 (5), 1931-1936.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 1931.pdfAbstract: A biomass for removing heavy metal ion from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The green alga Chaetophora elegans was characterized in terms of the number of binding sites and proton binding constant by potentiometric titration in different ionic media. The discrete site distribution model used, considering the algae cells suspensions as a mixture of monoprotic acids, allowed the characterisation of different classes of ionisable sites. Total concentrations of ionisable groups determined for intact (living) and homogenised (non-living) cells were significantly greater in the presence of chloride (32–80% for intact cells, 134–188% for homogenised cells). Only for homogenised cells no statistically significant differences (95% confidence level) were found for total group concentrations in nitrate medium with different ionic strength. The effect of the ionic strength was evident in the micrography of intact cells; the higher the ionic strength, the less preserved was the algae structure. pKa values were similar in nitrate medium with different ionic strength, indicating the presence of groups with the same nature. In chloride medium higher pKa values were found. Interactions of Cd(II), Pb(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) were evaluated by voltammetric titration and the determined metal binding capacities increased in the order: Cd(II) < Pb(II) < Zn(II) < Ni(II). Binding electrostatic effects were more important for Ni(II), and covalent binding seemed to be more important for Zn(II).Keywords: Acids, Algae, Batch Biosorption, Binding, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd(II), Cell-Walls, Cells, Characterisation, Chloride, Concentrations, Confidence, Copper, Distribution, Effects, Freshwater, Green Freshwater Alga, Group, Groups, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Ionic Strength, Ionic Strength Effects, Ionic-Strength, Lead, Marine-Algae, Media, Metal, Metal Ion Binding, Metal Ions, Mixture, Model, Ni(II), Nitrate, Pb(II), Potentiometric, Potentiometric Titration, Proton Binding, Sites, Strength, Structure, Suspensions, Titration, Voltammetric Titration, Zn(II)? Choi, W.C., Kim, M.Y., Suh, C.W. and Lee, E.K. (2005), Solid-phase refolding of inclusion body protein in a packed and expanded bed adsorption chromatography. Process Biochemistry, 40 (5), 1967-1972.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 1967.pdfAbstract: Lipoprotein kringle ‘LK68’ is a polypeptide of a modified angiostatin consisting of three kringle structures that might be clinically useful as potential cancer therapeutics. It can be produced by overexpressing it as an inclusion body in recombinant Escherichia coli. In this study, solid-phase refolding processes using a packed bed (PBA) and expanded bed adsorption (EBA) column were carried out to compare their refolding yields with that of the conventional, solution-phase refolding process. For the solution-phase and the PBA-mediated processes employing Q-Sepharose, washed inclusion body was used as the starting material, whereas both washed inclusion body and E. coli homogenate were used for the EBA-mediated process employing STREAMLINE DEAE. On a per unit mass of wet cell basis, the EBA- and PBA-mediated process showed about 4.3- and 1.7-fold higher yields, respectively, than the solution-phase refolding method. The solid-phase refolded LK68 demonstrated the same lysine-binding bioactivity and the retention time in the RP- and SEC-HPLC as those of the native protein. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Angiogenesis, Angiostatin, Angiostatin, Apolipoprotein(A), Cancer, Chromatography, Escherichia Coli, Expanded Bed, Expanded Bed Adsorption, Expanded Bed Adsorption Chromatography, Fusion Protein, Inclusion Body, Modified, Operating Parameters, PBA, Plasminogen-Activator, Process, Protein, Renaturation, Renaturation, Retention, Solid-Phase Refolding, TherapeuticsAr?ca, M.Y., Tüzün, ?., Yal??n, E., ?nce, ?. and Bayramo?lu, G. (2005), Utilisation of native, heat and acid-treated microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii preparations for biosorption of Cr(VI) ions. Process Biochemistry, 40 (7), 2351-2358.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2351.pdfAbstract: The hexavalent chromium biosorption onto native, heat- and acid-treated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was studied from aqueous solutions. Biosorption equilibrium was established in about 120 min. The surface properties of the microalgae preparations varied with pH, and the maximum absorption of chromium ions on the microalgae preparations was obtained at pH 2.0. The biosorption of chromium ions by the microalgae preparations increased as the initial concentration of chromium ions increased in the medium. The maximum biosorption capacities of the native, heat- and acid-treated algal preparations were 18.2, 25.6 and 21.2 mg Cr(VI) per g of dry biosorbents, respectively. Equilibrium concentration (qm) and dissociation constant (Kd) were calculated by fitting the experimental data with the Langmuir isotherms. The chromium adsorption data were analysed using the first- and the second-order kinetic models. The experimental results suggest that the second-order equation is the most appropriate equation to predict the biosorption capacities of all the biosorbents. All the tested algal preparations could be regenerated using 0.1 M NaOH solution, with up to 96% recovery.Keywords: Absorption, Acid-Treatment, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Biomass, Biosorption, Ca-Alginate, Cadmium, Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Chromium, Chromium Ions, Chromium(VI), Concentration, Cr(VI), Dissociation, Equilibrium, Heat-Treatment, Hexavalent Chromium, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Characterization, Kinetic Models, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherms, Marine-Algae, Metal-Ions, Microalgae, Models, pH, Predict, Properties, Recovery, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Second-Order Equation, Surface, Surface Properties? Aksu, Z. and D?nmez, G. (2005), Combined effects of molasses sucrose and reactive dye on the growth and dye bioaccumulation properties of Candida tropicalis. Process Biochemistry, 40 (7), 2443-2454.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 2443.pdfAbstract: The combined effects of molasses sucrose and Remazol Blue or Remazol Black B reactive dye on the growth and dye bioaccumulation properties of adapted Candida tropicalis yeast was investigated in a batch system as a function of initial dye and sucrose concentrations. At a constant sucrose concentration, although the increase in initial dye concentration up to approximately 1000 mg 1-1 increased the dye bioaccumulation capacity of yeast for both the dyes, all dye concentrations tested inhibited the growth of C. tropicalis. The cell and bioaccumulated dye concentrations and uptake yields increased with increasing sucrose concentration up to 15 g 1-1 at a constant dye concentration for each of the dyes. In 10 g 1-1 sucrose and about 1000 mg 1-1 dye containing medium the dye adapted yeast was capable of accumulating of Remazol Black B and Remazol Blue dyes with a maximum uptake capacity of 167.5 and 163.3 mg dye per g of dry cells, respectively. The inhibition effect of dye anions on the specific growth rate of yeast was expressed by the non-competitive inhibition model (assuming the dye anions as the toxic inhibitory component) and model parameters were determined by graphical method. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated-Sludge, Anions, Azo Dyes, Batch System, Bioaccumulation, Biomass, Biosorption, Candida Tropicalis, Capacity, Cells, Concentration, Concentrations, Decolorization, Dye, Dyes, Effects, Function, Growth, Growth Rate, Inhibition, Model, Molasses, Parameters, Properties, Reactive Dye, Reactive Dyes, Remazol Black B, Remazol-Black-B, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Sucrose, Textile Waste-Water, Toxic, Uptake, Wastewaters, YeastKargi, F. and Ozm?hc?, S. (2005), Comparison of adsorption performances of powdered activated sludge and powdered activated carbon for removal of turquoise blue dyestuff. Process Biochemistry, 40 (7), 2539-2544.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2539.pdfAbstract: Effective treatment of dyestuff containing wastewaters require advanced treatment technologies such as adsorption for the removal of dyestuffs. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) has been the most widely used adsorbent for the removal of dyestuffs from wastewaters. As an alternative to PAC, powdered activated sludge (PAS) was used as adsorbent for dyestuff removal from synthetic wastewater in this study. The colour removal performance of PAS was compared with that of PAC under the same experimental conditions. Turquoise Blue-G was used as the dyestuff and the effects of adsorbent concentration on the rate and extent of colour removal were investigated for both adsorbents. The colour removal performance of PAS was comparable with that of PAC at high adsorbent concentrations above 4 g l?1, resulting in nearly 95% colour removal with 200 mg l?1 initial dyestuff concentration. The rates of dyestuff removal were comparable for both adsorbents when initial adsorbent concentration was larger then 4 g l?1. Maximum dyestuff removal rates obtained with 6 g l?1 adsorbent concentration were 85 and 80 mg l?1 h?1 for PAS and PAC, respectively. Three different isotherms were tested for correlation of the equilibrium adsorption data and the Langmuir isotherm was found to be the most suitable one. The maximum adsorption capacities of PAC and PAS were approximately 100 and 92 mg g?1, respectively.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Sludge, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Basic-Dyes, Bioaccumulation, Biomass, Carbon, Color, Colour, Colour Removal, Concentration, Concentrations, Correlation, Dyestuff, Effects, Equilibrium, Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Performance, Powdered Activated Carbon, Powdered Activated Sludge (PAS), Removal, Reuse, Sludge, Synthetic Wastewater, Technologies, Treatment, Treatment Technologies, Waste-Water, WastewaterKapdan, I.K. (2005), Kinetic analysis of dyestuff and COD removal from synthetic wastewater in an anaerobic packed column reactor. Process Biochemistry, 40 (7), 2545-2550.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2545.pdfAbstract: An anaerobic packed column reactor was operated continuously at different dyestuff loading rates, (0.05–0.4 g/(l day)) and COD loading rates (1–8 g/(l day)) in order to determine dyestuff and COD removal kinetic constants. The system was operated at room temperature (20 ± 1 °C) and at pH 7 using an immobilized anaerobic bacterial consortium called PDW. Synthetic wastewater containing textile dyestuff Reactive Red 195 was fed from the bottom of the reactor. Around 90% decolourization efficiency was obtained for dyestuff loading rates up to 0.15 g/(l day). COD removal efficiency was obtained between 5 and 35% for the applied loads. Modified Stover–Kincannon model was applied to the experimental data. Saturation value constant and maximum utilization rate constant of Stover–Kincannon model for dyestuff and COD were determined as KB = 17.8 g/(l day), Umax = 19.5 g/(l day) and KB = 37.9 g COD/(l day), Umax = 12.9 g COD/(l day), respectively. The predicted effluent dyestuff and COD concentrations were calculated using the constants and it was found that they are in good agreement with the observed ones.Keywords: Anaerobic Treatment, COD, Decolourization, Kinetic Analysis, Stover–Kincannon ModelPark, D., Yun, Y.S. and Park, J.M. (2005), Use of dead fungal biomass for the detoxification of hexavalent chromium: Screening and kinetics. Process Biochemistry, 40 (7), 2559-2565.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2559.pdfAbstract: The removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was carried out in batch experiments using dead biomass of four fungal strains – Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium chrysogenum. All of these dead fungal biomass completely removed Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions, that of R. oryzae being the most effective. Cr(VI) was removed from aqueous solutions by the reduction to Cr(III) when it contacted with the biomass. The removal rate of Cr(VI) increased with a decrease in pH or with increases of Cr(VI) and biomass concentrations. In particular, the removal rate of Cr(VI) was proportional to total chromate concentration [Cr(VI)], and equivalent concentration of organic compounds [OC], suggesting a simple rate equation in a form of d[Cr(VI)]/dt = ?k[Cr(VI)][OC]. This model fitted well with the experimental data obtained at pH 2, supporting the mechanism that Cr(VI) is removed via a redox reaction. From the practical view point, the abundant and inexpensive dead fungal biomass could be used for the conversion of toxic Cr(VI) into less toxic or nontoxic Cr(III).Keywords: Aqueous Solution, Aspergillus Niger, Batch Experiments, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption, Chromate, Chromium, Concentration, Concentrations, Conversion, Cr(VI), Detoxification, Fungal Biomass, Hexavalent Chromium, Kinetics, Mechanism, Model, Organic, Organic Compounds, pH, Rate Equation, Reaction, Redox, Redox Reaction, Reduction, Reduction, Removal, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Screening, Toxic, WaterBlázquez, G., Hernáinz, F., Calero, M. and Ruiz-Nú?ez, L.F. (2005), Removal of cadmium ions with olive stones: The effect of somes parameters. Process Biochemistry, 40 (8), 2649-2654.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2649.pdfAbstract: The effect of somes parameters on the biosorption of cadmium has been studied using olive stones as the solid sorbent. Results show that the smaller the size of the sorbent particles, the higher the percentage of cadmium retrieved, up to 90% for sizes ranging between 0.355 and 0.250 mm. Biosorption was determined to be enhancing at pH approaching neutral, decreasing considerably when the acidity in the medium increased. The biosorption process was found to occur rapidly, i.e. the maximum sorption capacity was reached within 20 min. The process involves pseudo-second-order kinetics with an activation energy value within the normal range considered for processes, where a physical interaction between the sorbate and the sorbent solid predominates.Keywords: Acidity, Activation, Activation Energy, Aqueous-Solutions, Biosoprtion, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium Ions, Capacity, Effluents, Energy, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metals, Interaction, Kinetics, Kinetics, Lead(II), Olive, Olive Stones, Parameters, Particles, Peat, pH, Physical, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Range, Sorption, Sorption CapacityPan, X.L., Wang, J.L. and Zhang, D.Y. (2005), Biosorption of Pb(II) by Pleurotus ostreatus immobilized in calcium alginate gel. Process Biochemistry, 40 (8), 2799-2803.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2799.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of lead(II) by fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus immobilized in calcium alginate was studied. The experimental results showed that the fruiting bodies were effective in removing Pb(II) from solution. Biosorption equilibrium was approached within 45 min. Pseudo second-order was applicable to all the sorption data over the entire time range. Intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate-determining step. The sorption data conformed well to both the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) onto P. ostreatus immobilized in calcium alginate was 121.21 mg g?1 for Pb(II). The FT-IR analysis showed that the mechanism involved in biosorption of Pb(II) by fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus was mainly attributed to Pb(II) binding of amide I group.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Alginate, Analysis, Binding, Biosorption, Calcium, Capacity, Diffusion, Edible Fungi, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, FT-IR, FTIR, Gel, Group, Immobilization, Ions, Isotherm, Lead, Lead(II), Macrofungi, Mechanism, Model, Pb(II), Pleurotus Ostreatus, Range, Sorption, Trace-ElementsKumar, K.V., Sivanesan, S. and Ramamurthi, V. (2005), Adsorption of malachite green onto Pithophora sp., a fresh water algae: Equilibrium and kinetic modelling. Process Biochemistry, 40 (8), 2865-2872.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2865.pdfAbstract: Batch biosorption experiments were carried out for the removal of malachite green a cationic dye from its aqueous solution using raw and thermally activated Pithophora sp., a fresh water algae as biosorbent. The operating variables studied are initial malachite green concentration, biomass concentration and solution pH. Pithophora sp. activated at 300 °C for 50 min posses a maximum sorption capacity for the range of initial dye concentrations studied (20–100 mg/L). The sorption kinetics were analysed using reversible first order kinetics, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order model and the sorption data tend to fit very well in pseudo-second order model for the entire sorption time. The average pseudo-second order rate constant, KII and initial sorption rate h were determined to be 3.46×10?3 and 7.97×102 mg/g h. Equilibrium data are very well represented by Redlich Peterson isotherm model followed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum sorption capacity was 117.647 mg/g at 30 °C. The negative value of free energy change (?8.585 kJ/mol) indicates the spontaneous nature of adsorption.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Algae, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic-Dyes, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Capacity, Carbon, Color Removal, Concentration, Concentrations, Dye, Energy, Equilibrium, Fresh Water Algae, Freundlich, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Modelling, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Malachite Green, Model, Modelling, Padina sp, pH, Pithophora sp., Pretreated Biomass, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Range, Rate Constant, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Solution pH, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sorption Dynamics, Sorption Kinetics, Waste-Water, WaterHan, S.K., Kim, S.H. and Shin, H.S. (2005), UASB treatment of wastewater with VFA and alcohol generated during hydrogen fermentation of food waste. Process Biochemistry, 40 (8), 2897-2905.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2897.pdfAbstract: The performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating wastewater with volatile fatty acids (VFA) and alcohol generated during hydrogen fermentation of food waste was investigated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency exceeded 96% up to the loading rates of 12.9 g COD/L d, corresponding to a food/microorganism ratio of 0.61 g COD/g VSS d. The methane production rate increased to 4.1 L/L d. Each gram of granule in the reactor had a daily maximum capacity of converting 0.55 g of COD to methane at the specific substrate utilization rate of 0.59 g COD/g VSS d. Of all the COD removed, 93% was converted to methane and the remaining presumably to biomass with a yield of 0.051 g VSS/g COD. At loading rates over 15.3 g COD/L d, the COD removal efficiency deteriorated due to sludge flotation and washout in the reactor, which resulted from short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of less than 5.8 h. The specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of granule was the highest for butyrate, and the lowest for propionate. Methanosaeta-like bamboo-shaped rods were present in abundance. &COPY; 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Alcohol, Anaerobic Treatment, Chemostat, Degradation, Digestion, Food Waste, Granules, H2 Production, Hydrogen Fermentation, Methanogenic Activity, Performance, Propionate, Reactors, UASB Reactor, VFA, WastewatersOng, S.A., Toorisaka, E., Hirata, M. and Hano, T. (2005), Treatment of azo dye Orange II in aerobic and anaerobic-SBR systems. Process Biochemistry, 40 (8), 2907-2914.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 2907.pdfAbstract: The performance of aerobic- and anaerobic-SBR in treating Orange II-containing wastewater was investigated. The result from a specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) study showed that the Orange II compound did not exert significant inhibitory effects on the activity of activated sludge microorganisms. It was found that Orange II and organic loading rates affected the treatment performance in terms of COD and Orange II removal efficiencies in the SBR systems. The increase of organic loading rate from 2.66 to 5.32 g COD/I day had slightly improved the COD removal efficiency in aerobic-SBR but deteriorated the COD removal efficiency in anaerobic-SBR. On the other hand, the increase of organic loading rate improved the Orange II removal efficiency in both SBR systems. In the case of 100 mg/I Orange II addition, the average fraction of Orange II removed was 15 and 80% in aerobic- and anaerobic-SBR, respectively. The anaerobic microbes exhibited five times higher Orange II removal rate compared to aerobic microbes. &COPY; 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Activated-Sludge, Activity, Adsorption, Aerobic, Azo Dye, Carbon, COD, COD Removal, Colour Removal, Dye, Effects, Efficiency, Hand, Kinetics, Loading, Microbes, Orange II, Organic, Oxygen, Oxygen Uptake, Ozonation, Performance, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Removal Efficiency, SBR, Sludge, Sorption, Textile Effluent, Treatment, Uptake, Waste-Water, WastewaterRingot, D., Lerzy, B., Bonhoure, J.P., Auclair, E., Oriol, E. and Larondelle, Y. (2005), Effect of temperature on in vitro ochratoxin A biosorption onto yeast cell wall derivatives. Process Biochemistry, 40 (9), 3008-3016.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 3008.pdfAbstract: In vitro biosorption of ochratoxin A (OA) onto three yeast industry products: a vinasse containing yeast cell walls (EX16), a purified yeast beta glucan (BETA) and a yeast cell wall fraction (LEC), has been studied as a function of the temperature. Equilibrium binding assays were performed from 4 to 37 °C. The best models for OA biosorption onto EX16, BETA and LEC were identified as respectively Hill’s, Freundlich and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller models. LEC was the most effective adsorbent for OA removal in aqueous solutions. All biosorption processes were spontaneous (negative ΔG0) and exothermic (negative ΔH0). For EX16 and BETA, the favourable enthalpic contributions (negative ΔH0 values) to OA binding, were associated to unfavourable entropic contributions (negative ΔS0 values). By contrast, the entropic contribution to OA binding was favourable (positive ΔS0 values) in the case of LEC. The calculated values of the heat capacity (ΔCp) were close to zero, indicating the absence of a temperature dependency for ΔH and ΔS. The results suggest that the remarkable OA biosorption onto LEC involves both polar and non-polar non-covalent interactions and the concomitant reorganization of the water molecules of the solvent.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Beta, Binding, Biosorption, Capacity, Cell Wall, Dependency, Freundlich, Function, Heat Capacity, Identification, In Vitro, Interactions, Isotherms, Metabolites, Models, Mycotoxins, Ochratoxin A (OA), Polar, Products, Rat, Removal, Reorganization, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Serum-Albumin, Temperature, Temperature Dependency, Thermodynamic Parameters, Water, Yeast, Yeast Cell Wall DerivativesAksu, Z. and ??o?lu, ?.A. (2005), Removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution by biosorption onto agricultural waste sugar beet pulp. Process Biochemistry, 40 (9), 3031-3044.Full Text: P\Pro Bio40, 3031.pdfAbstract: Dried sugar beet pulp, an agricultural solid waste by-product, was used as an biosorbent for the removal of copper(II) from aqueous solution. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to assess the effect of the system variables, i.e. initial pH, temperature and initial metal ion concentration. The results indicated that at 250 mg l?1 initial copper(II) concentration dried sugar beet pulp exhibited the highest copper(II) uptake capacity of 28.5 mg g?1 at 25 °C and at an initial pH value of 4.0. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson and Koble–Corrigan isotherm models depending on temperature. The Langmuir model was found to best describe the data in the concentration and temperature ranges studied. Simple mass transfer and kinetic models were applied to the experimental data to examine the mechanisms of biosorption and potential rate-controlling steps such as external mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion and biosorption process. It was found that the intraparticle diffusion played an important role in the biosorption mechanisms of copper(II), and biosorption kinetics followed pseudo first- and pseudo second-order kinetic models rather than the saturation type kinetic model for all temperatures studied. The activation energy of biosorption (EA) was determined as ?58.47 kJ mol?1 using the Arrhenius equation. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium coefficients obtained at different temperatures, the thermodynamic constants of biosorption (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) were also evaluated.Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Agricultural, Aqueous Solution, Batch System, Binding, Biosorbent, Biosorption, By-Products, Capacity, Concentration, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Cu(II), Diffusion, Dried Sugar Beet Pulp, Energy, Equilibrium, Equilibrium, External Mass Transfer, Freundlich, Heavy-Metal, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Mass Transfer, Mechanisms, Metal, Model, Models, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pulp, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Role, Saturation, Solid Waste, Sorption, Sugar, Sugar Beet Pulp, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Transfer, Uptake, Waste, WaterLiang, Z.P., Feng, Y.Q., Meng, S.X. and Liang, Z.Y. (2005), Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of adsorption of urea nitrogen onto chitosan coated dialdehyde cellulose. Process Biochemistry, 40 (10), 3218-3224.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3218.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of urea nitrogen onto chitosan coated dialdehyde cellulose (CDAC) under urease catalysis was studied in a batch system. The equilibrium isotherm of urea nitrogen adsorption onto CDACs with different degree of oxidation (DO) and the kinetics of adsorption with respect to the DO of CDAC (41, 60 and 74%), the initial urea nitrogen concentration (544, 635 and 785 mg L?1), temperature (37, 42 and 47 °C) and CDAC/urease weight ratio (100:3, 100:2 and 100:1) were investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the experimental isotherm and isotherm constants. Equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir model in the entire saturation concentration range (152–756 mg L?1). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir model are 50.0, 60.6 and 69.2 mg g?1 for the CDACs with DO 41, 60 and 74%, respectively, at 37 °C and CDAC/urease weight ratio 50:1. Pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data and the rate constants were evaluated. The experimental data fitted well to the second-order kinetic model, which indicates that chemical adsorption is the rate-limiting step, instead of mass transfer. The DO of CDAC, initial urea nitrogen concentration, temperature and CDAC/urease weight ratio affected the adsorption capacity significantly. The activation energy is 11.64 kJ mol?1 for the adsorption of the urea nitrogen onto the CDAC under urease catalysation at DO 74% of CDAC, initial urea nitrogen concentration 635 mg L?1 and CDAC/urease weight ratio 50:1.Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Batch System, Capacity, Catalysis, Cellulose, Chemical, Chemical Adsorption, Chitosan, Chitosan Coated Dialdehyde Cellulose, Concentration, Energy, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Freundlich, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Modeling, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Kinetics of Adsorption, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Mass Transfer, Model, Modeling, Models, Monolayer, Nitrogen, Oxidation, Range, Rate Limiting, Rate Limiting Step, Saturation, Sorption, Temperature, Transfer, Urea Nitrogen, UreaseYuan, Q.P., Wang, J.D., Zhang, H. and Qian, Z.M. (2005), Effect of temperature shift on production of xylanase by Aspergillus niger. Process Biochemistry, 40 (10), 3255-3257.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3255.pdfAbstract: The effect of incubation temperature on xylanase production by Aspergillus niger was investigated. The fermentation time and maximum xylanase activity decreased with increasing the temperature. In steady-state condition the optimum temperature was 28 °C and 92 h were required to obtain the maximum xylanase activity. The unsteady-state operation by shifting the temperature from 33 °C for biomass growth to 27 °C for xylanase production significantly reduced production time without any adverse effect on xylanase activity.Keywords: Steady-State Operation, Temperature Shift, Xylanase, Fermentation, Aspergillus Niger, BioreactorVlar, V.J.P., Botelho, C.M.S. and Boaventura, R.A.R. (2005), Influence of pH, ionic strength and temperature on lead biosorption by Gelidium and agar extraction algal waste. Process Biochemistry, 40 (10), 3267-3275.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3267.pdfAbstract: An algal industrial waste from an agar extraction process was used as an inexpensive and efficient biosorbent for Pb2+ removal from aqueous solutions. This biosorbent was compared with the alga Gelidium, the raw material for agar extraction. The effects of various physico-chemical parameters on Pb2+ biosorption were investigated in a batch contactor in order to explain the adsorption mechanism. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments were conducted at different values of pH (3.0, 4.0 and 5.3), ionic strength (0.001 and 0.1 M) and temperature (10–45 °C). Uptake kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order Lagergren model and equilibrium is well described by Langmuir isotherm. Maximum biosorption capacities for Gelidium algae and algal waste were found to be 64±2 and 44±3 mg Pb2+/g biosorbent, respectively. Biosorption of Pb2+ was highly pH dependent, decreasing with pH. Good performances were obtained even under high ionic strength values. Changes in standard enthalpy and activation energy during biosorption were determined.Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption Mechanism, Agar Extraction Algal Waste, Algae, Aqueous-Solution, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Chromium, Effects, Effluents, Energy, Equilibrium, Extraction, Gelidium, Industrial, Ionic Strength, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Mechanism, Metal-Ions, Model, Parameters, Pb2+, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Standard, Strength, Temperature, WasteVilar, V.J.P., Sebesta, F., Botelho, C.M.S. and Boaventura, R.A.R. (2005), Equilibrium and kinetic modelling of Pb2+ biosorption by granulated agar extraction algal waste. Process Biochemistry, 40 (10), 3276-3284.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3276.pdfAbstract: An algal industrial waste from the agar extraction process was immobilized with an organic polymer (polyacrylonitrile, PAN) and used as a biosorbent for Pb2+ removal from aqueous solutions. The effects of the initial concentration, stirring velocity and particles diameter on Pb2+ biosorption were investigated in a batch system in order to explain the adsorption mechanism. Uptake kinetics follows the second-order Lagergren model and equilibrium is well described by the Langmuir isotherm. Maximum biosorption capacity of the composite material was found to be 20.5 ± 0.8 mg Pb2+/g. Kinetic constants vary with the initial metal concentration. The adsorptive behaviour of biosorbent particles was modelled using a batch reactor mass transfer kinetic model. The model successfully predicts Pb2+ concentration profiles and provides significant insights on the biosorbent performance.The homogeneous diffusion coefficient (Dh) for particles with diameter between 0.5 < dp < 1 mm and for an initial concentration of 94 mg Pb2+/l solution was found to be 3.2×10?8 cm2 s?1.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Mechanism, Agar Extraction Algal Waste, Batch System, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Composite, Composite Biosorbent, Concentration, Concentration Profiles, Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficient, Effects, Equilibrium, Extraction, Homogeneous, Immobilized Biomass Biosorption, Industrial, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Modelling, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Mass Transfer, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Biosorption, Model, Modelling, Organic, Pan, Particles, Pb2+, Performance, Polymer, Process, Profiles, Reactor, Removal, Transfer, Velocity, WasteVeit, M.T., Tavares, C.R.G., Gomes-da-Costa, S.M. and Guedes, T.A. (2005), Adsorption isotherms of copper(II) for two species of dead fungi biomasses. Process Biochemistry, 40 (10), 3303-3308.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3303.pdfAbstract: A study of copper(II) adsorption equilibrium in aqueous solutions was made on dead fungal biomass of Pleurotus pulmonarius CCB019 and Schizophyllum commune in batch systems. A fractional factorial design 24?1 based in preliminary experiments (kinetic and precipitation studies) was made to verify the influence on the response variable of the four factors studied in adsorption process: pH (2.0 and 4.0), temperature (30 and 50 °C), initial metal concentration (4 and 100 mg l?1) and biomass concentration (0.5 and 3.0 g l?1). The response measured was the concentration of metal removed after a contact time of 12 h, with either the P. pulmonarius or the S. commune biomass. Based on results obtained from the fractional factorial design, the experimental conditions used in adsorption isotherm construction were: pH 4.0, temperature 50 °C, biomass concentration 3 g l?1. The initial metal concentration was varied between 5 and 200 mg l?1. The experimental data was best adjusted by Langmuir model for both biomass.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Process, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Concentration, Copper(II), Design, Equilibrium, Factorial Design, Fractional Factorial, Fungal Biomass, Fungi, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Made, Metal, Model, pH, Precipitation, Process, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, TemperatureCho, B.Y. (2005), Iron removal using an aerated granular filter. Process Biochemistry, 40 (10), 3314-3320.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3314.pdfAbstract: Laboratory scale experiments concerning iron removal from artificial raw water by an artificial filter using anthracite as filter media were conducted. The major findings were that iron oxidation and removal by an aerated filter is mainly a catalytic chemical reaction rather than a biological reaction. Further, iron removal does not perform effectively without aeration. Iron removal was very effective when the pH was weakly acidity. Iron oxide attached to the surface of the media is identified as ferrihydrite, which catalyzes the oxidation of iron as shown by M?ssbauer spectra analysis.Keywords: Iron Removal, Anthracite, Iron Oxidation, Catalytic Chemical Reaction, X-Ray Diffraction, M?ssbauer, FerrihydriteRadha, K.V., Regupathi, I., Arunagiri, A. and Murugesan, T. (2005), Decolorization studies of synthetic dyes using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and their kinetics. Process Biochemistry, 40 (10), 3337-3345.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3337.pdfAbstract: Treatment of effluents from dye-based industries poses a major problem and biotreatment with white rot fungi seems to be a viable option. In this study, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a commonly used white rot fungus, was used to biodegrade several synthetic dyes of varying structures, namely azo, anthraquinone, thiazine and vat dyes. The decolorization potential of P. chrysosporium for seven dyes namely, Methyl violet, Congo red, Acid orange, Acid red 114, Vat magenta, Methylene blue and Acid green was studied. The effect of various operational parameters, namely dyes concentration (20–400 mg/l), pH (2–7), temperature (20–45 °C) and inoculum size (0.25–4 ml) on the maximum percentage decolorization were investigated. Studies were carried out using free cells and fungal cell entrapped calcium alginate beads of different sizes. The kinetics parameters ‘Kdye’ and ‘Vdye max’ for the decolorization process for all the seven dyes were estimated through Lineweaver–Burk plots.Keywords: Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Decolorization, Dyes, Immobilization, Calcium Alginate Beads, Kinetics? Carrillo, F., Lis, M.J., Colom, X., López-Mesas, M. and Valldeperas, J. (2005), Effect of alkali pretreatment on cellulase hydrolysis of wheat straw: Kinetic study. Process Biochemistry, 40 (10), 3360-3364.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3360.pdfAbstract: The most efficient way to hydrolyse cellulose from wheat straw is by enzymic hydrolysis, which can be improved by different pretreatments of the substrate. The enzyme kinetics of alkali (sodium hydroxide) pretreated wheat straw was studied using different concentrations of a commercial cellulase enzyme (6.25-75 g/L). This pretreatment increased hydrolysis compared to untreated wheat straw. The influence of enzyme concentration on the production of reducing sugars was studied from two different theoretical approaches. In the first, the hydrolysis model and kinetic parameters (maximal velocity, V-emax,V- and half-saturation constant, K-e) were determined from initial velocities by an alternative approach to the classical Michaelis-Menten equation. In the second, the Chrastil approach is used, which is the study of all the time values from the rate of product formation, taking into account that in a heterogeneous system, these reactions are diffusion limited and the time curves depend strongly on the heterogeneous rate-limiting structures of the enzyme system. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Alkali Pretreatment, Cellulase, Cellulose, Commercial Cellulase, Concentration, Concentrations, Diffusion, Enzymatic-Hydrolysis, Enzyme, Enzyme Kinetics, Heterogeneous, Hydrolysis, Insoluble Cellulose, Kinetic, Kinetic Parameters, Kinetics, Model, Parameters, Pretreatment, Product Formation, Production, Rate Limiting, Sodium, Sodium Hydroxide, Substrate, Sugars, Velocity, Wheat, Wheat StrawShen, J. and Duvnjak, Z. (2005), Adsorption kinetics of cupric and cadmium ions on corncob particles. Process Biochemistry, 40 (11), 3446-3454.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3446.pdfAbstract: The effects of the pH, agitation speed, particle size, and concentration of corncob particle on the adsorption kinetics of cupric and cadmium ions were investigated in this study. It was found that the uptakes of cupric and cadmium ions on corncob particles increased with increasing the initial pH and agitation speed, and with decreasing the particle size. The amount of adsorbed ions also increased with increasing the concentration of corncob particles, but the amount of the adsorbed ions/unit mass of adsorbent diminished. Based on the elimination of the external and intraparticle diffusions, the intrinsic forward and backward rate constants in a reversible surface reaction model combined with an effectiveness factor were estimated for cadmium ions to be 2.88/(mmol min) and 0.184/min. The maximum adsorption capacity and the effectiveness factor in this model were determined for copper and cadmium ions as a function of the initial pH and particle size. Both values increased with increasing the initial pH, and decreasing the size and concentration of corncob particle. The simple external diffusion model can describe only the solute change in solution for initial 5 min, which suggested that adsorption of cadmium on corncob particles was controlled first by the external diffusion, and then by the intraparticle diffusion. The external mass transfer coefficients first increased with increasing the modified Reynolds number, and then reached a maximum value.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium Ions, Capacity, Chitosan, Chromium, Concentration, Copper, Corncob, Diffusion, Effectiveness, Effectiveness Factor, Effects, Elimination, Equilibrium, External Mass Transfer, Function, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetics, Mass Transfer, Metal-Ions, Model, Modified, Onion Skin, Particle, Particle Size, Particles, pH, Reaction, Removal, Sorption, Speed, Surface, TransferHo, Y.S. and Ofomaja, A.E. (2005), Kinetics and thermodynamics of lead ion sorption on palm kernel fibre from aqueous solution. Process Biochemistry, 40 (11), 3455-3461.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3455.pdf P\Pro Bio-Ho-2.pdf P\Pro Bio-Ho-1.pdfAbstract: The kinetics and thermodynamics of lead ions sorption from aqueous solution on palm kernel fibre have been investigated. The experimental data was analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson isotherms using linear coefficient of determination and the non-linear Chi-square test. The equilibrium sorption capacity of lead ions was determined from the Langmuir equation and found to be 49.9 mg/g at 65 °C. A batch sorption model, based on the assumption of the pseudo-second-order mechanism, was applied to predict the rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium sorption capacity and the initial sorption rate with the effect of temperature. An activation energy of sorption was evaluated as 13.5 kJ/mol for the sorption of lead ions on palm kernel fibre. Various thermodynamic parameters, ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°, were computed from equilibrium constant values. The results show that the sorption of the lead ions on palm kernel fibre is a spontaneous and endothermic nature process.Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Capacity, Chi-Square Test, Children, Determination, Energy, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Sorption, Freundlich, Ion, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Lead, Lead Ions, Mechanism, Model, Palm Kernel Fibre, Parameters, Predict, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Sorbents, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sphagnum Moss Peat, Temperature, Test, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, WaterOliveira, E.A., Montanher, S.F., Andrade, A.D., Nóbrega, J.A. and Rollemberg, M.C. (2005), Equilibrium studies for the sorption of chromium and nickel from aqueous solutions using raw rice bran. Process Biochemistry, 40 (11), 3485-3490.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3485.pdfAbstract: The capacity of raw rice bran for chromium and nickel removal from aqueous solutions was investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, which are in common use for describing sorption equilibrium for wastewater-treatment applications, were used to represent the experimental data and equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model. The negative value of ΔG° for Cr(III) indicates the spontaneous nature of sorption, but positive values were determined for Cr(VI) and Ni(II). Indeed, Cr(VI) and Ni(II) are sorbed due to the strong interactions with the active sites of the sorbent. The kinetics data for chromium and nickel sorption onto rice bran were studied according mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion models in order to increase sorption process understanding. A very good correlation coefficient was obtained using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that chromium and nickel sorption process onto rice bran particles tend to follow second-order kinetics.Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption-Isotherms, Applications, Biosorption, Biosorption, Capacity, Chlorella-Vulgaris, Chromium, Copper(II), Correlation, Cr(VI), Diffusion, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Freundlich Model, Heavy-Metal Ions, Heavy-Metals, Interactions, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mass Transfer, Metal-Ions, Model, Models, Ni(II), Nickel, Particles, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rice, Rice Bran, Second Order Kinetics, Second-Order Kinetics, Sites, Sorbed, Sorption, Sorption Equilibrium, Thermodynamic Parameters, Transfer, Wastewater TreatmentBayramo?lu, G., Yal?in, E. and Ar?ca, M.Y. (2005), Immobilization of urease via adsorption onto L-histidine–Ni(II) complexed poly(HEMA-MAH) microspheres: Preparation and characterization. Process Biochemistry, 40 (11), 3505-3513.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3505.pdfAbstract: Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-methacryloly-l-histidinemethylester) poly(HEMA-MAH) microspheres was prepared via suspension polymerization. l-Histidine groups of the poly(HEMA-MAH) microspheres were then chelated with Ni(II) ions (poly(HEMA-MAH)–Ni(II)). Urease immobilization onto the poly(HEMA-MAH) and poly(HEMA-MAH)–Ni(II) microspheres from aqueous solutions was investigated in a batch system. The amount of immobilized urease on the poly(HEMA-MAH) and poly(HEMA-MAH)–Ni(II) was 47.8 and 66.1 mg/g support, respectively. The values of Michaelis constants Km for both immobilized urease preparations were significant higher than free enzyme, indicating decreased affinity by the enzyme for its substrate, whereas Vmax values were smaller for both immobilized urease preparations compared to free enzyme. However, the urease-immobilized onto the poly(HEMA-MAH)–Ni(II) resulted in an increase in enzyme stability with time. Optimum operational temperature for both immobilized preparations was 5.0 °C higher than that of the free enzyme and the temperature profiles of the immobilized preparations were significantly broader. It was observed that enzyme could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed on the poly(HEMA-MAH) and poly(HEMA-MAH)–Ni(II) microspheres without loss of adsorption capacity or enzymic activity. Finally, a packed bed enzyme-reactor with/urease-immobilized poly(HEMA-MAH)–Ni(II) microspheres, were used for degradation of urea in the continuous operation mode. The enzyme-reactor operated continuously at 35 °C for 40 h without significant loss of performance.Keywords: Activity, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Affinity, Alginate, Batch System, Capacity, Characterization, Degradation, Enzyme, Enzyme Immobilization, Enzyme Reactor, Enzyme Stability, Groups, Immobilization, Kinetics, L-Histidine, Lipase, Microspheres, Ni(II), Performance, Polymerization, Profiles, Reactive Membranes, Reversible Immobilization, Stability, Starch Hydrolysis, Substrate, Support, Surface, Suspension, Suspension Polymerization, Temperature, Tyrosinase, Urase, UreaseKiran, I., Akar, T. and Tunali, S. (2005), Biosorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by pretreated biomass of Neurospora crassa. Process Biochemistry, 40 (11), 3550-3558.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3550.pdfAbstract: The sorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions by raw and pretreated Neurospora crassa fungal biomass was investigated in the batch mode. The influence of solution pH, equilibrium time and initial metal ion concentration using dried N. crassa cells as well as pretreatment on the sorption capacity of the biomass at optimum conditions were studied. The optimum conditions were pH 4.0 for Pb(II) and 5.0 for Cu(II) ions at initial metal ion concentration of 200 mg l?1 with equilibrium time of 15 min for both metal ions. Dried fungal cells exhibited the maximum sorption capacity (49.06 mg g?1) for Pb(II) ions while detergent treated cells showed the maximum sorption capacity (12.28 mg g?1) for Cu(II) ions. The experimental equilibrium data were evaluated by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Competitive biosorption of these metals was investigated in terms of sorption capacity and found that the biosorption capacity of biomass decreased with increasing the competing metal ion concentration. The involvement of functional groups on the surface of dried biomass in biosorption process is also discussed.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Cells, Concentration, Copper, Cu(II), Detergent, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Functional, Functional Groups, Fungal Biomass, Fungus Aspergillus-Niger, Groups, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Ion, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Models, Neurospora Crassa, Pb(II), pH, Pretreatment, Process, Pseudomonas-Aeruginosa, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Solution pH, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Surface, Toxic Metals, ZincAkkaya, G. and ?zer, A. (2005), Biosorption of Acid Red 274 (AR 274) on Dicranella varia: Determination of equilibrium and kinetic model parameters. Process Biochemistry, 40 (11), 3559-3568.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3559.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of Acid Red 274 (AR 274) from aqueous solution on Dicranella varia was studied in a batch system with respect to initial pH and dye concentration, temperature, biosorbent concentration and stirring rate. The optimum biosorption conditions were found to be initial pH 3.0, the initial dye concentration 700 mg l?1, biosorbent concentration 0.5 g l?1 and temperature 30 °C, where the stirring rate was not an effective parameter on the biosorption capacity of D. varia. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson and Temkin isotherm models were applied to the experimental data and isotherm constants were calculated more precisely using Polymath 4.1 program. Equilibrium data fitted better to the Langmuir model than the other models according to ERRSQ analysis. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of D. varia for AR 274 was 2000 mg g?1 for optimum initial pH and temperature. To determine the steps affecting the uptake mechanism, the experimental data were evaluated using a boundary layer diffusion model, Weber–Morris model and a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Enthalpy and entropy changes were also calculated and it is concluded that the biosorption of AR 274 from aqueous solution on D. varia was exothermic in nature.Keywords: Acid Dyes, Acidic Dye, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Ar, Basic Dye, Batch System, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Boundary Layer, Capacity, Concentration, Diffusion, Dye, Entropy, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Linked Chitosan Beads, Mechanism, Methylene-Blue, Model, Models, Monolayer, Parameters, pH, Program, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Temperature, Textile Effluent, Tree Fern, UptakeChen, J.Z., Tao, X.C., Xu, J., Zhang, T. and Liu, Z.L. (2005), Biosorption of lead, cadmium and mercury by immobilized Microcystis aeruginosa in a column. Process Biochemistry, 40 (12), 3675-3568.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3675.pdfAbstract: Immobilized Microcystis aeruginosa in a flow-through sorption column was evaluated for the potential to remove Pb2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ from aqueous solutions. M. aeruginosa showed high affinity for the three heavy metals with removal efficiency of 90% for Cd2+ and Hg2+, and 80% for Pb2+ at saturation conditions. Competitive sorption experiments conducted in paired and ternary systems indicated that Pb2+ was sequestered preferentially over Cd2+ and Hg2+. The presence of Cd2+ interfered only slightly with the uptake of Hg2+, as Pb2+ and Hg2+ did with Cd2+. In contrast, Hg2+ sorption was affected by Pb2+ to a great extent. Desorption with 1 M HCl was completed within 25 min with high efficiency and effectiveness for the three metals. The results of this study indicate that M. aeruginosa is to be a potential biosorbent material except when Hg2+ and Pb2+ are in the same contaminated solution.Keywords: Affinity, Algal Biomass, Bed, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Brown-Algae, C3-40, Cadmium, Cd2+, Competitive Sorption, Copper, Effectiveness, Efficiency, HCl, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Ions, Lead, Mercury, Metals, Microcystis, Microcystis Aeruginosa, Pb2+, Polymers, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Saturation, Sorption, UptakeZheng, Y.M., Zhao, Q.B. and Yu, H.Q. (2005), Adsorption of a cationic dye onto aerobic granules. Process Biochemistry, 40 (12), 3777-3782.Full Text: 2005\Pro Bio40, 3777.pdfAbstract: Batch experiments were conducted to study the adsorption characteristics of a cationic dye, Rhodamine B, onto aerobic granules. Effects of pH, suspended solids (SS), ionic strength and solution temperature on dye adsorption by aerobic granules were evaluated, and the thermodynamic analysis was also performed. Results show that pH was an important factor governing the adsorption and that the optimal pH for adsorption was around 7.0. At an initial dye concentration of 100 μmol/l, a greater adsorption density could be achieved at SS level less than 1 g/l. However, at SS concentrations greater than 1 g/l, the dye adsorption density remained almost unchanged. An increase in an ionic strength and solution temperature decreased the dye adsorption density. Isotherm model analysis indicated that the dye adsorption by the aerobic granules could be described by Langmuir equation very well. With Langmuir isotherms, the change of adsorption free energy was calculated and the specific area of the aerobic granules was estimated. The maximal absorption quantity of the aerobic granules was three times greater than that of flocs, but it required more time for granules to reach adsorption equilibrium than the flocs. The negative ΔGo values indicate the spontaneous nature of adsorption process, while the negative value of ΔHo implies the exothermic nature of the adsorption process.Keywords: Absorption, Activated-Sludge, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Process, Aerobic, Aerobic Granules, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Biosorption, Carbon, Concentration, Concentrations, Density, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Energy, Equilibrium, Flocs, Ionic Strength, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Langmuir Isotherms, Langmuir Model, Model, Model Analysis, pH, Process, Quantity, Rhodamine B, Rhodamine-B, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Solution Temperature, Strength, Suspended Solids, System, Temperature, Thermodynamic, ThermodynamicsWu, J. and Yu, H.Q. (2006), Biosorption of phenol and chlorophenols from aqueous solutions by fungal mycelia. Process Biochemistry, 41 (1), 44-49.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 44.pdfAbstract: Batch experiments were conducted to study the biosorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by non-living Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelial pellets. Phenol, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were chosen for the biosorption tests. The adsorption equilibrium of phenol and 2-CP, 4-CP and 2,4-DCP from aqueous solutions by mycelial pellets could be well described with Freundlich equation. Their sorption capacity on mycelial pellets was in the order of: phenol <<2-CP<4-CP<<2,4-DCP. Their adsorption increased with decreasing water solubility and increasing octanol–water partitioning coefficient. The presence of 2-CP or 4-CP and the initial concentrations of 2-CP or 4-CP had no significant effect on the sorption of 2,4-DCP on fungal mycelial pellets, demonstrating that simple surface adsorption might not be responsible for the adsorption of phenolic compounds. These results suggest that partitioning was largely involved in biosorption mechanisms, and that hydrophobicity might govern the biosorption of phenolic compounds by fungal mycelia biomass.Keywords: 4-Chlorophenol, 4-CP, Activated-Sludge, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Aspergillus-Niger, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Chlorophenols, Concentrations, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Freundlich, Hydrophobicity, Live, Mechanisms, Mycelial Pellets, Organic Pollutants, Partition, Partitioning, Partitioning Coefficient, PCP, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Phenol, Phenolic Compounds, Removal, Solubility, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Surface, Tests, Water, Water SolubilityGutiérrez, R., Del Valle, E.M.M. and Galán, M.A. (2006), Adsorption and mass transfer studies of Catalase in IMAC chromatography by dynamics methods. Process Biochemistry, 41 (1), 142-151.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 142.pdfAbstract: The adsorption equilibrium constant and kinetic properties for Catalase on Cu–IDA–agarose matrix have been measured by an impulse chromatography technique.The experiments were performed at pHs of 7.00, 7.40 and 7.80 and flow rates of 1.56–2.66 ml min?1. The impulse chromatographic technique has been applied to determine the equilibrium and kinetic parameters for Catalase in the Cu(II)–IDA–agarose system. It was found that the enzyme adsorption decreases with increasing pH from 7.00 to 7.80 at 298 K, and the optimum adsorption on the pH range studied was found at 7.00. In addition effective axial dispersion and internal, external and global mass transfer resistances decrease with decreasing pH. Molecular and effective intraparticle diffusion coefficients of Catalase in this study decrease with increasing pH. Both, the external and the internal diffusion, are adsorption-controlling steps for the Catalase adsorption on Cu(II)–IDA–agarose packed columns. It was also found that global mass transfer resistance in the system is constant for the different flow rates studied.Keywords: 298 K, 298-K, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Affinity Chromatography, Bone Char, Catalase, Chromatography, Diffusion, Diffusion, Dispersion, Dynamic Methods, Dynamics, Enzyme, Equilibrium, Flow, Global, Imac, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Parameters, Kinetics, Liquid-Chromatography, Mass Transfer, Mass Transfer Resistance, Methods, Packed Columns, Parameters, Particles, Performance, pH, Properties, Purification, Range, Resistance, Sorption, Transfer, TransportHawari, A.H. and Mulligan, C.N. (2006), Heavy metals uptake mechanisms in a fixed-bed column by calcium-treated anaerobic biomass. Process Biochemistry, 41 (1), 187-198.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 187.pdfAbstract: This study investigated the feasibility of using anaerobic granules as a novel type of biosorbent for lead, copper, cadmium, and nickel removal from aqueous solutions using continuous column operation. Calcium treated anaerobic biomass was shown to be highly effective. The average biosorption column capacity for lead, copper, cadmium, and nickel before breakthrough occurred was 1.55, 0.88, 0.89, and 0.51 meq/g, respectively. The removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ ions from the bed was accompanied by the elution of Ca2+ ions. While the feed pH was 4.0 for the four metals studied, the exit solution pH increased slightly (pH 5.0 to 5.5) for most of the experiments before the breakthrough point. At the breakthrough point, the pH value decreased to the value of the feed solution. The adsorbed metal ions were desorbed from the biomass by feeding into the column a 0.5 M of CaCl2 solution. Ion exchange was identified to be the dominant mechanism for the biosorption of nickel by the anaerobic biomass. For copper and cadmium, 77% and 82% of the total amount adsorbed was attributed to ion exchange, respectively. Eighteen percent and 15% of the total amount adsorbed of copper and cadmium was attributed to a complexation process, respectively. For the case of Pb ions, it was found that ion exchange accounted for almost 50% of the total uptake mechanism. Thirty percent of the total uptake mechanism was attributed to a precipitation mechanism. The remaining 20% was due to complexation. The results of this study indicate that the anaerobic sludge could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals in a continuous flow system.Keywords: Algae, Anaerobic Granular Biomass, Aqueous-Solutions, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd2+, Complexation, Continuous Wastewater Treatment, Copper, Cu2+, Elution, Equilibrium, Feed, Feeding, Fixed Bed, Fixed-Bed Column, Flow, Heavy Metals, Ion, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Lead, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Nickel, Pb, Pb2+, pH, Precipitation, Process, Removal, Removal of Heavy Metals, Rouxii, Sludge, Solution pH, UptakeMoon, S.H., Park, C.S., Kim, Y.J. and Park, Y.I. (2006), Biosorption isotherms of Pb(II) and Zn(II) on Pestan, an extracellular polysaccharide, of Pestalotiopsis sp. KCTC 8637P. Process Biochemistry, 41 (2), 312-316.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 312.pdfAbstract: To assess the potential applicability of Pestan, a fungal extracellular polysaccharide, to wastewater treatment as a biosorbent, sorption of Pb(II) and Zn(II) on Pestan was examined using the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Tein and Huang’s isotherms. The equilibrium isotherms were shown to be 120 mg Pb(II)/g and 60 mg Zn(II)/g Pestan, respectively. The metal sorption of Pestan fit better to Freundlich model than Langmuir model; the adsorption capacity (ln K) and adsorption intensity (1/n) of Pb(II) were higher than those of Zn(II). From the plot of reaction time against adsorption density, the adsorption constants for Pb(II) and Zn(II) were determined to be 3.57×105 and 5.63×103, respectively, and the Ka of Pb(II) was 63.4 times higher than that of Zn(II).Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Biosorbent, Capacity, Density, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Intensity, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Liquid-Liquid Biosorption, Metal, Metal Sorption, Metals, Model, Pb, Pb(II), pH, Polysaccharide, Reaction, Reaction Time, Removal, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Treatment, Waste Biomass, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Zn(II)Abu Al-Rub, F.A., El-Naas, M.H., Ashour, I. and Al-Marzouqi, M. (2006), Biosorption of copper on Chlorella vulgaris from single, binary and ternary metal aqueous solutions. Process Biochemistry, 41 (2), 457-464.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 457.pdfAbstract: In the present work, the use of powdered Chlorella vulgaris algal cells for copper biosorption was studied. The effects of contact time, biosorbent dose, equilibrium pH, and the presence of lead or/and zinc ions on the biosorption of copper were studied.The experimental results showed that C. vulgaris algal cells were effective in removing copper ions from aqueous solutions. The copper biosorption was dependent on equilibrium pH, and biosorbent dose. The presence of lead, zinc or both metals in aqueous solutions suppressed the removal of copper ions. Thermodynamic parameters for the biosorption of copper on algal cells depict the spontaneous nature of the biosorption process. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models fitted the experimental data. The biosorption of copper on algal cells was rapid where equilibrium was attained within 15 min. The results of the kinetics studies revealed that the biosorption of copper on algal cells followed pseudo-second order kinetics.Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Algal Cells, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cells, Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlorrela-Vulgaris, Copper, Effects, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Lead Ions, Metal, Metals, Models, Nickel, Parameters, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Sorption, ZincParab, H., Joshi, S., Shenoy, N., Lali, A., Sarma, U.S. and Sudersanan, M. (2006), Determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of Co(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) onto coir pith. Process Biochemistry, 41 (3), 609-615.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 609.pdfAbstract: Coir pith, an agricultural solid waste has been assessed for the adsorption of Co(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) from single-ion solutions as well as from a mixture of them. The efficiency of the adsorbent was investigated using batch adsorption technique under different experimental conditions namely solution pH, initial metal-ion concentration and contact time. Optimum pH values for maximum metal-ion adsorption were determined as 4.3 for cobalt, 3.3 for chromium and 5.3 for nickel. The adsorption of Co(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) on coir pith followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Adsorption isotherms were expressed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The Langmuir adsorption model fits the experimental data reasonably well than Freundlich model for the three metal ions studied. The maximum adsorption capacity of coir pith was found to be 12.82 mg/g, 11.56 mg/g and 15.95 mg/g for cobalt, chromium and nickel, respectively. The competitive adsorption of multi-metals onto coir pith was studied. Adsorption efficiency of coir pith to remove these three metal ions from synthetic nuclear power plant coolant water samples was also tested. The studies showed that this low cost adsorbent could be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of cobalt, chromium and nickel from water and nuclear power plant coolant water.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Model, Agricultural, Agricultural Solid-Waste, Aqueous-Solution, Biosorption, Capacity, Carbon, Chromium, Cobalt, Cobalt, Coir, Coir Pith, Concentration, Cost, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Low, Metal, Metal Ion Adsorption, Metal Ions, Mixture, Model, Models, Ni(II), Nickel, Nickel(II), Nuclear Power Plant, Parameters, pH, pH Values, Pith, Plant, Power Plant, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, Solid Waste, Solution Ph, Waste, WaterComte, S., Guibaud, G. and Baudu, M. (2006), Biosorption properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) resulting from activated sludge according to their type: Soluble or bound. Process Biochemistry, 41 (4), 815-823.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 815.pdfAbstract: Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are one of the main components of activated sludge. EPS can be found in two forms, soluble or bound depending on their localisation and/or their role in microbial metabolism. In this study, soluble and bound EPS are operationally defined: soluble EPS, which can be extracted by centrifugation alone, and bound EPS in floc biomass which require additional treatments for extraction. The two kinds of EPS extracted were characterized by their organic fractions, their carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, their biochemical composition and their pKa and PEC (protonic exchange capacity) values. Organic carbon content of EPS underlined qualitative differences between soluble and bound EPS, which were better established by polysaccharide content. At pH 7, whatever the EPS considered, the analysis of all biosorption results showed an EPS affinity for metals in descending order: Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Ni2+ >> Cd2+. The study of EPS biosorption properties showed different behaviour for soluble and bound EPS depending on the metal studied. For Cu2+ (only for EPS A), Pb2+ and Ni2+, soluble EPS showed stronger biosorption properties than bound EPS. For Cd2+ and Cu2+ (case of EPS B), biosorption properties of the two kinds of EPS studied were close due to the weak affinity of Cd2+ for EPS and the different possible binding mechanisms implicated by the speciation of Cu2+ at pH studied. At pH 7, due to the PEC value and pKa, the numbers of binding dissociated sites, could be assumed greater for soluble EPS than for bound EPS and could explain in part the biosorption results obtained. We can guess that soluble EPS play the role of a protective barrier against toxic metals for the microorganisms in the activated sludge flocs.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Affinity, Analysis, Barrier, Binding, Binding-Sites, Biochemical, Biochemical Composition, Biofilms, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Carbon, Carbon Content, Cd, Cd2+, Complexation, Composition, Copper, EPS, Extracellular Polymeric Substances, Extraction, Floc, Flocs, Fractions, Mechanisms, Metabolism, Metal, Metal Removal, Metals, Microbial, Microbial Products, Nickel, Nitrogen, Organic, Pb2+, PEC, pH, Phosphorus, Polymeric, Polysaccharide, Properties, Pure Bacterial Culture, Qualitative, Role, Sites, Sludge, Speciation, Stripping Voltammetry, Systems, Toxic, Toxic Metals? Sadettin, S. and D?nmez, G. (2006), Bioaccumulation of reactive dyes by Thermophilic cyanobacteria. Process Biochemistry, 41 (4), 836-841.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 836.pdfAbstract: Thermophilic cyanobacterial strains that could grow in the BG I I media was isolated from hot springs and their reactive dye bioaccumulation was studied under Thermophilic conditions in a batch system, in order to determine the optimal conditions required for the highest dye accumulation. In the experiments performed with newly isolated Synechococcus sp. and Phormidium sp., the optimum pH value of each microorganisms at about 25 mg 1-1 initial reactive dye concentration was determined as 8.5 for Remazol Blue and Reactive Black B dyes and 9.5 for Reactive Red RB dye. At the optimum pH value of each dye, dye bioaccumulation by Thermophilic cyanobacteria was investigated between 10 mg 1-1 and 78 mg 1-1 initial dye concentrations at 45°C. At the end of the experiments, Phormidium sp. was shown high dye bioaccumulation than the Synechococcus sp., with maximum uptake yields ranging from 13% to 97% at all tested dye concentrations. In the experiments with Synechococcus sp., the maximum uptake yields were ranged from 8% to 66% for all dye concentrations. When the effect of temperatures on dye bioaccumulation were investigated, the highest uptake yields at high dye concentrations for Synechococcus sp. was measured as 23.0% for 78.3 mg 1-1 Reactive Red RB, 39.9% for 72.4 mg 1-1 Remazol Blue and 13.7% for 62.0 mg 1-1 Reactive Black B at 40°C temperatures. At the same temperature, the uptake yield of Phormidium sp. varied between 38.5% and 40.7% at 75 mg 1-1 initial dye concentration. When the high temperature (50°C) was used, Phormidium sp. was showed to have high dry weight and bioaccumulation yield than the Synechococcus sp., which can be considered as satisfactory in terms of dye removal from subject wastewater effluents under Thermophilic conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Accumulation, Batch System, Bioaccumulation, Biosorption, Decolorization, Dye, Dye Removal, Dyes, Effluent, Elsevier, High Temperature, Isolation, Microalgae, pH, Reactive Dye, Reactive Dyes, Removal, System, Temperature, Textile Dyes, Thermophile, WastewaterVijayaraghavan, K., Palanivelu, K. and Velan, M. (2006), Treatment of nickel containing electroplating effluents with Sargassum wightii biomass. Process Biochemistry, 41 (4), 853-859.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 853.pdfAbstract: Two electroplating industrial effluents containing 109 and 52 mg Ni/l, respectively, were treated using Sargassum wightii biomass in batch and column operations. Potentiometric titrations revealed S. wightii contains 2.1 mmol/g of binding sites and has pKa values of 4.3 and 8.8. For both effluents, the pH effect on nickel uptake was not well pronounced at higher pH values. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson and Sips models were used to describe the biosorption isotherm data. The elution efficiency for Ni-desorption from S. wightii was determined for HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl, NaOH, KOH, NH4OH and EDTA (Na). Among these elutants, 0.1 M CaCl2 (in HCl, pH 2.5) exhibited elution efficiencies greater than 98% and also not markedly affected the biomass. The ability of S. wightii to biosorb nickel from effluents was investigated in a packed column. The presence of excess co-ions in effluent-1 affected the nickel uptake by S. wightii biomass. The Sargassum bed exhibited uptakes of 37.2 and 38.6 mg Ni/g from effluent-1 and effluent-2, respectively, under full column saturation. The data from five regeneration cycles evidenced that reusability of S. wightii biomass in the treatment of nickel-bearing electroplating effluents is viable.Keywords: Binding, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Column, EDTA, Efficiency, Effluents, Eggshell, Elution, Freundlich, H2SO4, HCl, Heavy-Metals, HNO3, Industrial, Industrial Effluents, Isotherm, Langmuir, Marine-Algae, Models, Nickel, Packed Column, pH, pH Values, Recovery, Redlich-Peterson, Regeneration, Removal, Sargassum, Saturation, Seaweed, Sites, Technology, Treatment, Uptake, Waste TreatmentAksu, Z. and D?nmez, G. (2006), Binary biosorption of cadmium(II) and nickel(II) onto dried Chlorella vulgaris: Co-ion effect on mono-component isotherm parameters. Process Biochemistry, 41 (4), 860-868.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 860.pdfAbstract: The competitive biosorption of cadmium(II) and nickel(II) onto dried Chlorella vulgaris, a green alga from binary metal mixture was studied and compared with single metal ion situation in a batch stirred system. The effects of single- and dual-metal ion concentrations on the biosorption capacity of biomass were investigated at an initial pH value of 4.0. Equilibrium uptake of cadmium(II) and nickel(II)) increased with increasing its initial metal ion concentration up to 150 mg l?1 and decreased considerably by the presence of increasing concentrations of the other metal ion. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were suitable for describing the biosorption equilibrium of cadmium(II) and nickel(II) ions both in single and binary systems. According to the Langmuir model the maximum biosorption capacity of dried alga was determined as 86.6 mg g?1 for cadmium(II) and as 58.4 mg g?1 for nickel(II) for single ion situation. These values dropped to 68.5 mg g?1 for cadmium(II) and to 28.3 mg g?1 for nickel(II) when co-ion concentration was kept at 150 mg l?1. For each metal ion, variation of isotherm constants due to the level of other metal ion were expressed as a function of initial co-ion concentration by non-linear regression techniques.Keywords: Activated-Sludge, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Bakers-Yeast, Binary System, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlorrela-Vulgaris, Concentration, Concentrations, Effects, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Function, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Ion, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Marine-Algae, Metal, Mixture, Model, Models, Nickel(II), Non-Linear Regression, Nonlinear Regression, Parameters, pH, Pretreated Biomass, Pseudomonas-Aeruginosa, Streptomyces-Rimosus Biomass, Techniques, Uptake? Pamukoglu, M.Y. and Kargi, F. (2006), Removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous medium by biosorption onto powdered waste sludge. Process Biochemistry, 41 (5), 1047-1054.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 1047.pdfAbstract: Powdered waste sludge (PWS) was used for removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution by biosorption. Waste activated sludge obtained from a paint industry wastewater treatment plant was pre-treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide solution dried, ground and sieved to a number of fractions with different particle sizes. Biosorption capacity of pre-treated PWS for Cu(II) ion removal was investigated as function of particle sizes (external surface area), copper(II) and PWS concentrations and also pH using batch biosorption experiments. Biosorbed copper ion concentrations increased with increasing specific external surface area of PWS, initial Cu2+ concentration and pH, but decreased with increasing PWS concentration. Percent copper removal from the solution also increased with increasing external surface area or decreasing particle size of the adsorbent, PWS concentration and pH, but decreased with increasing initial copper ion concentration. The maximum biosorption capacity was 156 mg Cu2+ g PWS?1 when PWS concentration was 0.25 g l?1 with an average particle size of 64 μm. The initial volumetric rate of biosorption also increased with increasing specific external surface area of PWS resulting in nearly 70 mg Cu l?1 h?1 at a specific external surface area of 943 cm2 g?1 with the smallest particle size (53 μm) tested. Optimal pH resulting in maximum biosorption was 5 with a minimum zeta potential (?15.6 mV) on the surface of the PWS particles.Keywords: Activated Sludge, Adsorbent, Aqueous Solution, Batch Biosorption, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Cu, Cu(II), Cu2+, Dried Activated-Sludge, Equilibrium, Fractions, Function, Heavy-Metals, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ion, Lead, Nickel(II), Particle, Particle Size, Particles, Peroxide, pH, Plant, Powdered Waste Sludge (PWS), Removal, Sludge, Surface, Surface Area, Treatment, Waste, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Wastewater Treatment Plant, Zeta Potential, Zeta-Potential? Rao, R.N. and Venkateswarlu, N. (2006), Removal of amino and nitro-substituted stilbenesulfonic acids from aqueous environment: biosorption and biodegradation by isolated Aspergillus awamori (Nakazawa). Process Biochemistry, 41 (5), 1097-1105.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 1097.pdfAbstract: Asperillus awainori (Nakazawa) an effective fungal strain for removal of substituted aromatic sulfonic acids was isolated from the aerobic sludge of an industrial effluent treatment plant in Hyderabad, India. It was tested for the removal of 4,4’-dinitrostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid (DNSDA), 4-amino-4’-nitrostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid (ANSDA) and 4,4’-diaminostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid (DASDA) from industrial waste waters and the experimental parameters were optimized. The effects of amino and nitro substituents on biosorption and biodegradation of aromatic sulfonic acids were investigated. Soluble starch was found to be an effective and economical source of carbon. The initial pH of the media was in between 4.0 and 7.0 for growth of the fungi and removal of the test compounds. Two different mechanisms viz., biosorption and biodegradation were responsible for the removal of the test compounds by Asperillus awamori. The extent of removal by both the mechanisms was found to be dependent upon the functional groups present on the aromatic rings. Within 5 days, 99% of 50 mg/L of DNSDA was removed by biosorption while 72% of ANSDA and 53% of DASDA were adsorbed as well as converted into corresponding products. Biosorption was found to be pH-dependent and dominant when it reached around 2.5. The isolated Asperillus awainori (Nakazawa) was found to be quite effective for removal of the test compounds in complex environmental matrices. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Acids, Adsorption, Aerobic, Aromatic, Asperillus Awamori (Nakazawa), Biodegradation, Biomass, Biosorption, Carbon, Complex, Culture, Decolorization, Effects, Effluent, Effluent Treatment, Effluents, Environment, Environmental, Fluorescent-Whitening Agents, Functional, Functional Groups, Fungi, Groups, Growth, India, Industrial, Mechanisms, Media, Microbial Desulfonation, Parameters, pH, Plant, Products, Removal, Sludge, Source, Starch, Stilbenesulfonic Acids, Sulfonates, Test, Textile Dyes, Treatment, Waste, Waters, White-Rot Fungi? Kumar, K.V. and Sivanesan, S. (2006), Pseudo second order kinetic models for safranin onto rice husk: Comparison of linear and non-linear regression analysis. Process Biochemistry, 41 (5), 1198-1202.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 1198.pdfAbstract: Kinetic experiments were carried out for the sorption of safranin onto rice husk particles. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo second order model of Ho, Sobkowsk and Czerwinski, Blanachard and Ritchie by linear and non-linear regression method. Non-linear method was found to be a better way of obtaining the parameters involved in the second order rate kinetic expressions. Both linear and non-linear regression showed that the Sobkowsk and Czerwinski and Ritchie’s pseudo second order model were the same. Non-linear regression analysis showed that both Blanachard and Ho have similar ideas on the pseudo second order model but with different assumptions. The best fit of experimental data in Ho’s pseudo second order expression by linear and non-linear regression method showed that Ho pseudo second order model was a better kinetic expression when compared to other pseudo second order kinetic expressions.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Analysis, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Linear and Nonlinear Regression, Linear Regression, Model, Models, Non-Linear Regression, Nonlinear Regression, Parameters, Particles, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Regression Analysis, Rice, Rice Husk, Safranin, Sorption? Su, H.J., Zhao, Yi., Li, J. and Tan, T.W. (2006), Biosorption of Ni2+ by the surface molecular imprinting adsorbent. Process Biochemistry, 41 (6), 1422-1426.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 1422.pdfAbstract: The surface molecular imprinting adsorbent on the waste biomass from penicillium industry prepared by using imprinting technology can considerably increase adsorption capacity for the imprinted ions. The adsorption capacity for the imprinted ions (Ni2+) of the biomass surface molecular imprinting adsorbent (the surface imprinted adsorbent) obvious increased to 82.5 mg g?1 (the initial Ni2+ concentration of 1000 mg L?1) from 56.2 mg g?1. Biosorption ability for Ni2+ of the surface imprinted adsorbent was notably decreased in citric acid solution, however, no obvious effects at higher Ca2+ or Mg2+ ion concentration in the solution were observed. The surface imprinted adsorbent had higher mechanical strength and better stability in the acid solution compared with the untreated mycelium adsorbent. The adsorption efficiency of the surface imprinted adsorbent was higher than that of the activated carbon, the dynamic adsorption capacity for Ni2+ reached 12.3 mg g?1 at initial Ni2+ concentration of 30 mg L?1 and the adsorbent could be easily desorbed by using 0.05 M HCl solution in wastewater treatment.Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Bioadsorption, Biomass, Biomass, Capacity, Carbon, Chitosan, Citric Acid, Concentration, Effects, Efficiency, HCl, Heavy Metal Ion, Ion, Metal-Ions, Molecular Imprinting, Mycelium, Resin, Stability, Strength, Surface, Surface Imprinted Adsorbent, The Biomass Surface Molecular Imprinting, Treatment, Waste, Waste Biomass, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment? Luan, T.G., Jin, J., Chan, S.M.N., Wong, Y.S. and Tam, N.F.Y. (2006), Biosorption and biodegradation of tributyltin (TBT) by alginate immobilized Chlorella vulgaris beads in several treatment cycles. Process Biochemistry, 41 (7), 1560-1565.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 1560.pdfAbstract: Biosorption and biodegradation by microorganisms to remove tributyltin (TBT), a toxic and persistent contaminant, have attracted more and more interests in recent years but information related to microalgae is still inadequate. The present study aims to investigate the removal and degradation of TBT at 10, 50 and 100 μg Sn l?1 contamination levels by alginate-immobilized Chlorella vulgaris beads during six consecutive cycles (4 days each), and compare the performance with blank alginate beads (without algae). More than 90% of TBT was rapidly removed, within 1 day, by both algal and blank beads, irrespective to the spiked TBT concentrations and the number of cycles, indicating the initial removal was mainly by biosorption and alginate matrix provided many binding sites. For algal beads, TBT was mostly adsorbed onto alginate matrix with some on algal cell walls, and <10% of the spiked TBT accumulated inside cells. The amounts of debutylated products, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) in medium increased gradually with treatment cycles and with the spiked TBT concentrations. At the contamination levels of 50 and 100 μg Sn l?1, both DBT and MBT in algal bead treatments increased to >5 μg Sn in cycle 6 while little DBT and MBT were detected in blank beads throughout the cycles. The accumulation of DBT and MBT, same as TBT, inside cells was relatively small compared to that in medium and alginate matrix. For the high TBT level of 100 μg Sn l?1, 60% of the spiked TBT was biodegraded by algal beads at the end of the six cycles. These results suggested that the alginate immobilized alga, C. vulgaris was able to continuously detoxify TBT into DBT and MBT for six consecutive cycles even at the highest TBT contamination level.Keywords: Accumulation, Algae, Alginate, Alginate Bead, Alginate Beads, Beads, Binding, Biodegraction, Biodegradation, Biosorption, Cells, Chlorella Vulgaris, Concentrations, Consecutive Cycles, Contaminant, Contamination, Contamination Levels, Degradation, Environment, Fate, Information, Levels, Microalgae, Organotin Compounds, P-Removal, Performance, Persistent, Products, Recent, Removal, Sites, TBT, Toxic, Treatment, Tributyltin, Waste-Water? Chang, Y.K., Chu, L., Tsai, J.C. and Chiu, S.J. (2006), Kinetic study of immobilized lysozyme on the extrudate-shaped NaY zeolite. Process Biochemistry, 41 (8), 1864-1874.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 1864.pdfAbstract: The adsorption rate of lysozyme onto the extrudate-shaped NaY zeolite was studied in a reciprocal shaking water bath system and shown to be a function of shaking rate, initial lysozyme concentration, and operating temperature. The initial adsorption rate was mainly dependent on the shaking rate and the equilibrium of adsorption for lysozyme was approached after 30 min. The saturation capacity was found to be 16.43 (mg lysozyme/g zeolite) for an increase in the shaking rate up to 150 rpm. The initial rates increased from 1.987 to 6.260 (mg lysozyme/min g zeolite) with increasing the initial lysozyme concentration from 0.25 to 2.0 (mg lysozyme/ml solution). However, the initial adsorption rate decreased with an increase in temperature. The values of saturation capacity for lysozyme of the zeolite significantly decreased from 35.21 to 14.92 (mg lysozyme/g zeolite) with temperature increasing from 277 to 310 K. Furthermore, the experimental data were analyzed using various kinetic models (i.e. KEKAM, pseudo-first order, and pseudo-second order) to determine the best-fit equation for describing the adsorption behavior. The results showed that the pseudo-second order kinetic equation was the most appropriate to predict the dynamic adsorption behavior of lysozyme on the zeolite. This suggested that the rate-controlling step might be the surface reaction mechanism but not the mass transport to the external surface of the zeolite. Additionally, desorption rate of the immobilized lysozyme on the zeolite in the presence of 1.0 M NaCl was measured at different temperatures (277–310 K). One proposed model was used to predict the experimental desorption data for the elution of the adsorbed lysozyme. The kinetic parameters and activation energy of the desorption process were also determined.Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Rate, Behavior, Biosorption, Capacity, Concentration, Desorption, Elution, Energy, Equilibrium, Extrudate-Shaped Nay Zeolite, Function, Initial Adsorption Rate, Ion-Exchange, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Parameters, Lysozyme, Mass Transport, Mass-Transfer, Mechanism, Model, Models, Parameters, Particles, Predict, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Purification, Reaction, Reaction Mechanism, Removal, Saturation, Sorption, Surface, Temperature, Transport, Water, Zeolite? Quintelas, C., Sousa, E., Silva, F., Neto, S. and Tavares, T. (2006), Competitive biosorption of ortho-cresol, phenol, chlorophenol and chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by a bacterial biofilm supported on granular activated carbon. Process Biochemistry, 41 (9), 2087-2091.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 2087.pdfAbstract: A biofilm of Arthrobacter viscosus supported on granular activated carbon was used to remove chromium and organic compounds (chlorophenol, phenol and o-cresol) from aqueous solutions. The compounds were studied as single solutes and in different combinations between them and Cr(VI). Optimum Cr(VI) adsorption was observed at a phenol concentration of 100 mg/l and at an initial concentration of the metal of 60 mg/l. The maximum values of biosorption of organic compounds were 9.94 mg/g for phenol, 9.70 mg/g for chlorophenol and 13.99 mg/g for o-cresol. In terms of removal percentage, after 15 h of experiment, the affinity order was as follows: phenol > chlorophenol > o-cresol > chromium(VI). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: 4-Chlorophenol, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Affinity, Aqueous Solution, Arthrobacter Viscosus, Biodegradation, Biofilm, Biosorption, Carbon, Chlorophenol, Chromium, Chromium(VI), Concentration, Consortium, Cr(VI), Culture, Degradation, Experiment, Granular Activated Carbon, Metal, Organic, Organic Compounds, P-Chlorophenol, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Phenol, Removal, Sorption? Machado, R.L., de Arruda, E.J., Santana, C.C. and Bueno, S.M.A. (2006), Evaluation of a chitosan membrane for removal of endotoxin from human IgG solutions. Process Biochemistry, 41 (11), 2252-2257.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 2252.pdfAbstract: Cross-linked chitosan membranes - prepared with silica particles as porogen agent - were evaluated for the removal of endotoxin (ET) from human immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparations. The effects of solution conditions on the efficiency of ET removal and IgG recovery were studied. The depyrogenation studies were performed with Tris-HCl at pH 7.0 due to low IgG adsorption and significant degree of protonation (0.50) of the membrane in this buffer. Adsorption ET data were analyzed using the Langmuir model (maximum binding capacity and dissociation constant were 280 mu g/mL and 4.0 x 10(-11) mol/L, respectively). A high ET clearance (96%) and IgG recovery (99%) were obtained with ET and IgG initial concentration of 116.4 EU/mL and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, these results assure the potential of using chitosan membrane filtration for ET removal in the downstream processing of IgG solutions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbers, Adsorption, Adsorptive Membranes, Binding, Buffer, Capacity, Chitin Membranes, Chitosan, Chromatography, Concentration, Depyrogenation, Dissociation, Downstream Processing, Effects, Efficiency, Endotoxin, Endotoxins, Filtration, Human, Human IgG, IgG, Immunoglobulin, Immunoglobulin G, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Low, Macroporous Chitosan, Membrane, Membranes, Model, Particles, pH, Processing, Protein Solutions, Protonation, Recovery, Removal, Silica? Tachaapaikoon, C., Kyu, K.L. and Ratanakhanokchai, K. (2006), Purification of xylanase from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp K-8 by using corn husk column. Process Biochemistry, 41 (12), 2441-2445.Full Text: 2006\Pro Bio41, 2441.pdfAbstract: The objective of this work was to apply low cost materials, agricultural residues, to the purification of xylanase. The results showed that crude extracellular, cellulase-free xylanase of an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain K-8 could be purified in a single step by affinity adsorption-desorption on a corn husk column using a high flow rate, under the conditions 25 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.0, 4°C, which prevented the hydrolysis of xylan by xylanase. After adsorption, the xylanase was eluted from the enzyme-corn husk complex with 500 mM Urea. The enzyme was purified 5.3-fold to homogeneity from culture supernatant. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 24 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The specific activity and recovery yield after purification were 25.4 U/mg protein and 42.3%, respectively. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acetate, Acrophialophora-Nainiana, Activity, Adsorption, Adsorption-Desorption, Affinity, Affinity Adsorption-Desorption, Affinity Precipitation, Agricultural, Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp., Alpha-Amylase, Beta-Amylase, Binding, Buffer, Complex, Corn, Corn Husk Column, Cost, Culture, Electrophoresis, Endoxylanase, Enzyme, Enzyme Purification, Enzyme-Insoluble Substrate Complex, Flow, Gel, Gel-Electrophoresis, Hydrolysis, Low, Macroaffinity Ligand, Materials, pH, Protein, Purification, Recovery, Residues, Sodium, Xylan, Xylanase, Yield? Ofomaja, A.E. (2007), Kinetics and mechanism of Methylene blue sorption onto palm kernel fibre. Process Biochemistry, 42 (1), 16-24.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 16.pdfAbstract: The kinetics and mechanism of the sorptive removal of Methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using palm kernel fibre as adsorbent have been investigated. Batch kinetic experiments were performed and system variables investigated includes pH and initial dye concentration. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-first, pseudo-second, intraparticle diffusion and mass transfer models. The pseudo-first order reaction kinetics fitted to the experimental data only in the first 5 min of sorption and then deviated, while the pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to fit the experimental data for the entire sorption period with high coefficient of determination. Equations were developed using the pseudo-second order model, which predicts the amounts of Methylene blue at any contact time and initial concentration within the given range. This suggests that the sorption of Methylene blue onto palm kernel fibre follows a chemical activation mechanism. A mathematical relationship was also drawn between the equilibrium sorption capacity and the change in pH (ΔH+) at the end of the kinetic experiments with varying initial dye concentration, supporting the fact that chemical reaction (ion exchange) occurred and is important in the rate determining step. Mass transfer was found to be favoured at high concentrations while intraparticle diffusion was favoured at low concentrations.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Basic Dye, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Chemical, Chemical Activation, Color Removal, Concentration, Concentrations, Determination, Diffusion, Diffusion Processes, Dye, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Sorption, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Low, Mass Transfer, Mass Transfer Models, Mechanism, Methylene Blue, Model, Models, Palm Kernel Fibre, pH, Pith, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Range, Rate Limiting Step, Reaction, Reaction Kinetics, Removal, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Thermodynamics, Transfer, Waste? Wei, Z., Huang, W., Hou, G.H., Yuan, Z. and Fang, J. (2007), Studies on adsorption isotherms of endotoxin and BSA using an affinity column. Process Biochemistry, 42 (2), 285-288.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 285.pdfAbstract: In this paper, an adsorbent with dimethylamine ligand for endotoxin removal was prepared and used to study the adsorption isotherms of endotoxin and BSA. The results showed that as the introducing of endotoxin, the maximum adsorption capacity q(m) of BSA increased from 7.24 to 7.74 mg/mL and the apparent association constant K-A of BSA decreased from 14.06 to 11.48 mL/mg. The adsorption isotherms of BSA changed from Langmuir model to Multilayer model. All these gave the direct evidences to construct the adsorption process. By comparing adsorption isotherms of endotoxin with BSA, it was found that the apparent association constant K-A of endotoxin was much higher than that of BSA. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Process, Affinity, Agarose, BSA, Capacity, Endotoxin, Endotoxin Removal, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Model, Paper, Process, Protein Solutions, Removal, Sorbents? Iqbal, M. and Saeed, A. (2007), Production of an immobilized hybrid biosorbent for the sorption of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. Process Biochemistry, 42 (2), 148-157.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 148.pdfAbstract: A novel immobilized hybrid biosorbent (IHB) was developed by combining two known biosorbents (Phanerochaete chrysosporium hyphal biomass (B1) and fibrous network of papaya wood (B2)) using a newly developed simple technique of immobilization. The IHB was evaluated for its ability to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The IHB removed Ni(II) very efficiently with the maximum uptake capacity of 101.34 mg g-1 immobilized fungal biomass. This was 104.56% and 57.16% higher as compared to the ability of fungal biomass (B1) when used alone, and the sum of separate individual abilities of biosorbents B1 and B2, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were used for mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium data; both models were found to exhibit good fits to the experimental data. IHB system was regenerated by washing with a solution of 50 mM HCl. The percentage desorption achieved was as high as 99.4. The IHB was reused over seven biosorption-desorption cycles, without significant loss of its initial biosorption capacity. The study suggests that this novel IHB could lead to the development of a viable and cost-effective technology for metal removal from industrial wastewaters containing heavy metals. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous Solution, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Ca-Alginate, Cadmium Biosorption, Capacity, Carica Papaya, Cell Immobilization, Contaminated Water, Copper(II) Ions, Desorption, Development, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Fungal Biomass, HCl, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Hybrid, Immobilization, Immobilized Hybrid Biosorbent, Industrial, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Langmuir, Lead, Marine-Algae, Metal, Metal Removal, Metals, Models, Ni(II), Nickel Biosorption, Nickel(II), Papaya Wood, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Sorption, Toxic Metals, Uptake, Washing, Wood? Li, Q., Su, H.J., Li, J. and Tan, T.W. (2007), Studies of adsorption for heavy metal ions and degradation of methyl orange based on the surface of ion-imprinted adsorbent. Process Biochemistry, 42 (3), 379-383.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 379.pdfAbstract: In order to prepare a novel adsorbent which can not only degrade organic compound, but also adsorb the heavy metal ions, immobilization of nanometer titanium dioxide on ion-imprinted chitosan carries was investigated. The amount of TiO2, different kinds and amounts of dispersants, adding methods of TiO2, different kinds of cross-linking agents and target metal ions are important factors influencing the degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) and the adsorption for Ni2+. When 15% amount of TiO2 was added in preparation, the removal of MO was highly increased to nearly 90%, which was about eight times higher than that without TiO2, at the same time, the effect of TiO2 on the adsorption capacity was not obvious. The results show that in the presence of Ni2+ and MO, the MO could be removed effectively and the removal of MO reached 95.4%. At the initial concentration of Ni2+ of 200 mg/L, the adsorption capacity of Ni2+ reached 33 mg/g in the presence of MO. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Agents, Capacity, Chitosan, Concentration, Cross-Linking, Crosslinking, Degradation, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Immobilization, Ion-Imprinted Adsorbent, Metal, Metal Ions, Methods, Methyl Orange, Mo, Nanometer TiO2, Ni2+, Organic, Removal, Separation, Surface, TiO2, Titanium, Titanium Dioxide? Bai, J., Wen, J.P., Li, H.M. and Jiang, Y. (2007), Kinetic modeling of growth and biodegradation of phenol and m-cresol using Alcaligenes faecalis. Process Biochemistry, 42 (4), 510-517.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 510.pdfAbstract: A phenol-degrading. microorganism, Alcaligenes faecalis, was used to study the substrate interactions during cell growth on phenol and m-cresol dual substrates. Both phenol and m-cresol could be utilized by the bacteria as,the sole carbon and energy sources. When cells grew on the mixture of phenol and m-cresol, strong substrate interactions were observed. m-Cresol inhibited the degradation of phenol, on the other hand, phenol also inhibited the utilization of m-cresol, the overall cell growth rate was the co-action of phenol and m-cresol. In addition, the cell growth and substrate degradation kinetics of phenol, m-cresol as single and mixed substrates for A. faecalis in batch cultures were also investigated over a wide range of initial phenol concentrations (10-1400 mg L-1) and initial m-cresol concentrations (5-200 mg L-1). The single-substrate kinetics was described well using the Haldane-type kinetic models, with model constants of it mu(m1) = 0.15 h-1, K-S1 = 2.22 mg L-1 and K-i1 = 245.37 mg L-1 for cell growth on phenol and mu(m2) = 0.0782 h-1, K-S2 = 1.30 mg L-1 and K-i2 = 71.77 mgL-1, K-i2’ = 5480 (mg L-1)2 for cell growth on m-cresol. Proposed cell growth kinetic model was used to characterize the substrates interactions in the dual substrates system, the obtained parameters representing interactions between phenol and m-cresol were, K = 1.810-6, M = 5.510-5, Q = 6.710-4. The results received in the experiments demonstrated that these models adequately described the dynamic behaviors of phenol and m-cresol as single and mixed substrates by the strain of A. faecalis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Alcaligenes Faecalis, Biodegradation, Phenol, M-Cresol, Inhibition, Kinetics, Trichosporon-Cutaneum R57, Pseudomonas-Putida, Degradation, Cultures? Su, H.J., Chen, S. and Tan, T.W. (2007), Surface active site model for Ni2+ adsorption of the surface imprinted adsorbent. Process Biochemistry, 42 (4), 612-619.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 612.pdfAbstract: In this work, a new surface active site (SAS) adsorption equilibrium model was presented, which explicitly accounted for the H+ competitive adsorption with Ni2+ in adsorption equilibrium. Static adsorption experiments with Ni2+ as a model metal ion were carried out to determine the model parameters, those were, equilibrium constant for Ni2+ (K-a), for H+ (K-s), characteristic number of binding sites for Ni2+ (n), for H+ (a), and the non-imprinted factor (sigma). It was found that those model parameters n and a were all constant, and that they all expressed that one active site bound two Ni2+ or two H+, while the non-imprinted factor, sigma, was effected by Ni2+ concentration, H+ concentration in solution and imprinted Ni2+ concentration in the preparation. Simulated result was compared with experimental data of the adsorption for Ni2+. It was showed that this model could be well used to predict the adsorption equilibrium for Ni2+ on the surface imprinted adsorbent. and it was demonstrated that the efficacy of the active sites formalism could be used in describing adsorption behavior for Ni2+ on the surface imprinted adsorbent. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Active Site, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Model, Behavior, Binding, Bioadsorption, Chitosan, Concentration, Efficacy, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Model, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Ion, Ions, Metal, Model, Ni2+ Surface Active Site Model, Parameters, pH, Predict, Resin, Sites, Surface, Surface Imprinted Adsorbent? Ouyang, A., Bennett, P., Zhang, A. and Yang, S.T. (2007), Affinity chromatographic separation of secreted alkaline phosphatase and glucoamylase using reactive dyes. Process Biochemistry, 42 (4), 561-569.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 561.pdfAbstract: A single-step dye affinity chromatographic separation method was developed to separate secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and glucoamylase produced in CHO cell culture and Aspergillus niger fermentation, respectively. The reactive dye, Procion (R) Green H-E4BD, was found to have a good binding capacity for SEAP, whereas Procion (R) Blue H-ERD was the best dye ligand for glucoamylase. However, these dyes have a relatively low selectivity for the target protein. Consequently, elution of the adsorbed proteins by KCl solution resulted in a product with many impurity proteins as evident by the multiple protein bands on SDS-PAGE. However, elution of SEAP by its substrate, phosphate, produced a relatively pure protein with a high specific enzyme activity because of the competition for active site between the substrate and the dye ligand. Also, a high-purity glucoamylase product was obtained by elution with a borate solution. The relatively inexpensive dye affinity chromatography thus can be used for purifying enzymes from cell culture and fermentation broths. The adsorption of SEAP on the dye-ligand affinity resin followed the Langmuir isotherm. An axial dispersion model with external mass transfer limitation was developed to simulate the breakthrough curve in the chromatographic column. This mathematical model can be used to scale up the protein adsorption process. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Active Site, Activity, Adsorption, Adsorption Process, Affinity, Affinity Chromatography, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus-Niger, Binding, Breakthrough Curve, Capacity, Cell Culture, Cells, Chromatography, Competition, Culture, Dispersion, Dye, Dye-Ligand, Dyes, Elution, Enzyme, Enzymes, External Mass Transfer, Fermentation, Fermentation Broths, Glucoamylase, Glycoprotein, Glycosylation, Human-Immunoglobulin-G, Immobilized Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate Microbeads, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Low, Mass Transfer, Mathematical Model, Model, Phosphatase, Phosphate, Process, Protein, Protein Adsorption, Proteins, Purification, Reactive Dye, Reactive Dyes, Resin, Scale, Scale-Up, Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase (SEAP), Selectivity, Separation, Sorption, Substrate, System, Transfer? Bhatti, H.N., Mumtaz, B., Hanif, M.A. and Nadeem, R. (2007), Removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution using Moringa oleifera Lam. (horseradish tree) biomass. Process Biochemistry, 42 (4), 547-553.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 547.pdfAbstract: The removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution using pure and chemically pretreated biomass of Moringa oleifera was investigated at 301°C in this study. The experimental results explored that the maximum pH (pH(max)) for efficient sorption of Zn(II) was 70.1 at which evaluated biosorbent dosage and biosorbent article size, were 0.5 g/L, < 0.255 mm, respectively. The cellular Zn(II) concentration increased with the concentrations of Zn(II) in solution. Pretreatment of M. oleifera biomass affected the sorption process and the uptake capacity (mg/g) of biomass for Zn(II) uptake was in following order: NaOH (45.76) > H2SO4 (45.00) > CTAB (42.80) > Ca(OH)2 (42.60) > Triton X-100 (42.06) > H3PO4 (41.22) > Al(OH)3 (41.06) > SDS (40.41) > HCl (37.00) > non-treated biomass (36.07). There was significant increase in uptake capacity of M. oleifera biomass, which suggested that affinity between metal and sorbent can be increased after some sort of pretreatment. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model fitted well to data of Zn(II) biosorption as represented by high value of their correlation coefficient (i.e. R-2 approximate to 1). Kinetic studies revealed that Zn(II) uptake was fast with 90% or more of uptake occurring with in 40 min of contact time and the equilibrium was reached in 50 min of contact time. The sorption rates were better described by a second order expression than by a more commonly applied Lagergen equation. Finally it was concluded that pretreatment of M. oleifera biomass can achieve superior Zn(II) uptake capacity in comparison to non-pretreated biomass. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Keywords: Affinity, Aqueous Solution, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Concentration, Concentrations, Copper, Correlation, Ctab, Dosage, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, H2SO4, HCl, Heavy-Metal Adsorption, Horseradish, Isotherm, Isotherms, Isotherms, Langmuir, Lead, Mechanism, Metal, Model, Moringa Oleifera, pH, Pretreatment, Process, Removal, Sds, Sludge, Sorption, Tree, Uptake, Waste, Zinc, Zn(II)? Iqbal, M. and Saeed, A. (2007), Biosorption of reactive dye by loofa sponge-immobilized fungal biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Process Biochemistry, 42 (7), 1160-1164.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 1160.pdfAbstract: A white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized in loofa sponge was evaluated and characterized as a new biosorbent of dyes. Effects of biosorption process parameters on dye uptake capacity of loofa sponge-immobilized fungal biomass (LSIFB) were studied and compared with free fungal biomass (FFB). Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), a reactive dye, uptake from aqueous solution was found to be influenced by solution pH, temperature and initial dye concentration. Biosorption of RBBR by both FFB and LSIFB increased as the initial dye concentration increased in the medium. No loss to biosorption capacity of LSIFB was found due to the presence of loofa sponge (LS), indeed as compared to FFB an increase of 18.60% was noted in the biosorption capacity of FBILS. Maximum biosorption capacities for LSIFB and FFB at equilibrium were found as 101.06 +/- 2.52 and 85.21 +/- 2.98 mg RBBR g-1 biomass at pH 2.0, respectively, whereas the amount of dye adsorbed on naked LS was 5.84 +/- 0.20 mg g-1. The kinetics of dye removal was fast reaching at equilibrium in about 40 min for LSIFB and 60 min for FFB. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for mathematical description of the sorption equilibrium. Equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir model in the studied concentrations (10-500 mg 1-1) The pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models were applied to the experimental data. The sorption data was found to follow the second-order kinetic model with r(2) of 0.99. The study points to the potential of a new use of LSIFB as an effective biosorbent for the removal of reactive dyes from wastewater. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Models, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption Capacities, Biosorption Capacity, Capacity, Concentration, Concentrations, Decolorization, Dye, Dye Biosorption, Dye Removal, Dyes, Effective, Effluents, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experimental Data, Freundlich, Fungal, Fungal Biomass, Immobilized, Immobilized Fungal Biomass, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Loofa, Loofa Sponge, Model, Models, Parameters, pH, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Process, Reactive Dye, Reactive Dyes, Remazol Brilliant Blue, Removal, Rhizopus-Arrhizus, Second Order, Solution Ph, Sorption, Sorption Equilibrium, Sponge, Temperature, Textile Dyes, Uptake, Wastewater, White Rot, White-Rot? Basha, S. and Murthy, Z.V.P. (2007), Kinetic and equilibrium models for biosorption of Cr(VI) on chemically modified seaweed, Cystoseira indica. Process Biochemistry, 42 (11), 1521-1529.Full Text: 2007\Pro Bio42, 1521.pdfAbstract: The biosorption data of hexavalent chromium by marine brown algae Cystoseira indica, which was chemically modified by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin (CB1, CB2), or oxidized by potassium permanganate (CB3), or only washed with distilled water (RB), has been used for kinetic studies based on fractional power, Elovich, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate expressions. Five three parameter biosorption isotherm models, viz. Redlich–Peterson, Sips, Khan, Radke–Prausnitz and Toth are tested for their applicability apart from 6 two-parameter models. Non-linear curve fitting procedure was adopted for fitting the kinetic as well as equilibrium data in the kinetic and isotherm models and for the determination of parameters. The time-dependent Cr(VI) biosorption data were well-described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intraparticle diffusion study revealed that film diffusion might be involved in Cr(VI) biosorption in the present case. Among the two-parameter models, the Langmuir model produces the best fit, while, among the three-parameter models, the best fit is produced by the Khan model, for the biosorption of Cr(VI) on all the four biosorbents studied.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Algae, Aqueous-Solutions, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Brown Algae, Brown Seaweed, Chromium, Cr(VI), Crosslinking, Curve Fitting, Curve-Fitting, Cystoseira Indica, Determination, Diffusion, Divalent Metal-Ions, Elovich, Epichlorohydrin, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Data, Equilibrium Models, Film, Film Diffusion, Fitting, Fundamental Properties, Hexavalent Chromium, Hexavalent Chromium, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Marine, Marine-Algae, Model, Models, Modified, Order, Parameters, Permanganate, Potassium, Potassium Permanganate, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetic, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Rate, Redlich-Peterson, Seaweed, Single-Component, Toth, Waste-Water, Water? Oliveira, R.C., Jouannin, C., Guibal, E. and Garcia, O. (2011), Samarium(III) and praseodymium(III) biosorption on Sargassum sp.: Batch study. Process Biochemistry, 46 (3), 736-744.Full Text: 2011\Pro Bio46, 736.pdfAbstract: This work evaluates the potential of a Sargassum biomass for the biosorption of Sm(III) and Pr(III) using synthetic solutions. Under selected experimental conditions (excess of sorbent), the biosorption kinetics were fast: 30-40 min were sufficient for the complete recovery of the metals. The kinetic profiles were modeled using the pseudo-second order rate equation. The second objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility to separate these metals. Biosorption isotherms and uptake kinetics for the two metals (in binary component solutions) were almost overlapped. The biomass did not show significant selectivity for any of these two metals, in batch reactor. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Alginate, Batch, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption Isotherms, Cadmium(II), Effluents, Equilibrium, Eu, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, La, Physicochemical Modeling, Praseodymium, Recovery, Removal, Samarium, Sargassum, Sargassum sp., SelectivityTitle: Process Engineering? (1995), Industry body looks inwards as public ignores responsible care. Process Engineering, 76 (3), 5.Title: Process Safety and Environmental ProtectionTransactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Part B: Process Safety and Environmental ProtectionFull Journal Title: Process Safety and Environmental ProtectionISO Abbreviated Title: Process Saf. Environ. Protect.JCR Abbreviated Title: Process Saf Environ ProtectISSN: 0957-5820Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Inst Chemical EngineersPublisher Address: 165-189 Railway Terrace, Davis Bldg, Rugby CV21 3BR, EnglandSubject Categories: Engineering, Environmental: Impact Factor 0.338, 24/36 (1999); Impact Factor 0.423, 22/36 (2000); Impact Factor 0.259, 29/38, (2001); Impact Factor 0.463, 22/37 (2002); Impact Factor 0.597, 21/35 (2003); Impact Factor 0.321, 31/35 (2004); Impact Factor 0.500, 29/37 (2005)Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 0.338, 70/110, (1999); Impact Factor 0.423, 61/117, (2000); Impact Factor 0.259, 87/123, (2001); Impact Factor 0.463, 70/126 (2002); Impact Factor 0.597, 56/119 (2003); Impact Factor 0.321, 89/116 (2004); Impact Factor 0.500, 72/116 (2005)McKay, G. and McLain, H. (1980), The fluidisation of cuboid particles. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 58, 107-115.? McKay, G. and McLain, H. (1980), The transportation of cuboid particles in Horizontal Pipelines. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 58, 175-180.Al-Duri, B. and McKay, G. (1990), Comparison in theory and application of several mathematical models to predict kinetics of single componet batch adsorption systems. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 68, 254-268.? Sevon, D.W. and Cooper, D.J. (1990), Experimental investigation of combustion efficiency in a circulating fluidized-bed organic waste incinerator. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 68 (4), 277-285.? Parrish, C.R., Palazzolo, M.A., Vancil, M.A., Bostian, H.E. and Crumpler, E.P. (1991), Emissions of metals and organics from municipal waste-water sludge incinerators. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 69 (B1), 20-28.Abstract: Emissions of metals and organics from a series of four wastewater sludge incinerators were determined. Three multiple hearth units and one fluidized bed combustor were tested. Emissions were controlled with a combination of venturi and/or tray impingement scrubbers. One site incorporated an afterburner as well. Flue gas testing was conducted at the inlet and outlet to the air pollution control devices at two of the plants. Feed sludge was also extensively tested for moisture, metals, and organics, as well as overall feed rate and heating value. Testing operating conditions were categorized as short-term versus long term or normal (includes transients, start-up, feed interruptions, etc.).? Ugurlu, A. and Forster, C.F. (1991), Thermophilic anaerobic treatment of ice-cream wastes: A comparison of porous and nonporous support media. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 69 (B1), 37-42.Abstract: The use of two support media; one porous, one not; were examined in two thermophilic anaerobic filters which were treating ice cream wastewater. Over a period of 278 days, the organic loading rate was increased sequentially to 36 kg COD m-3 d-1. The results indicated that, although both filters performed in a relatively similar way, the reactor with the non-porous packing showed an incipient instability at the high loading rate which was not shown by the other filter. Microbiological studies showed that there was a spatial distribution of methanogenic species within the filters and that there was a greater proportion of attached biomass on the porous packing.? Bennett, C.J., Kolaczkowski, S.T. and Thomas, W.J. (1991), Determination of heterogeneous reaction-kinetics and reaction-rates under mass-transfer controlled conditions for a monolith reactor. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 69 (B4), 209-220.Abstract: Heterogeneous kinetics were determined for the oxidation of propane within a monolithic catalyst employed in tubular and stirred tank spinning basket modes. The rate expression for the disappearance of propane was determined to be[GRAPHICS]over the range of propane concentrations c less-than-or-equal-to 0.08 mol m-3 and temperatures 560-650K. The two experimental methods were compared and it is shown that comparable values are obtained provided that the monolith channel length and orientation are carefully selected when experiments are performed in the spinning basket reactor. Reaction rates were also determined under mass transfer controlled conditions, as a function of monolith channel length. For the range of experimental conditions investigated, it is shown that the use of Hawthorn’s mass and heat transfer correlations 15 for after-burner catalysts over-estimate mass and heat transfer rates by a factor of 20, whereas correlations quoted by Votruba et al. 17 over-estimate measured values by a factor of 3.An empirical expression of the formfor c less-than-or-equal-to 0.08 mol m-3; Re = 13-25; Sc is equivalent to 1.21; d = 1 mm; L less-than-or-equal-to 38 mm, was developed to predict reaction rates under mass transfer controlled conditions. For a limited number of experiments an analogous form of the heat transfer equation of the formfor c less-than-or-equal-to 0.08 mol m-3; Re = 13, 16; Pr = 0.687; d-1 mm; L < 38 mm, was tested and shown to provide a reasonable fit. For the system studied, these expressions may be used with a greater degree of confidence in any subsequent modelling work.? Azzopardi, B.J., Teixeira, S.F.C.F., Govan, A.H. and Bott, T.R. (1991), An improved model for pressure-drop in venturi scrubbers. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 69 (B4), 237-245.Abstract: Though venturi scrubbers are specified in terms of efficiency of gas cleaning, knowledge of the pressure loss is essential in the design of an efficient complete installation. This paper describes the important flow phenomena in venturis, namely atomization from the wall film, deposition of drops onto the walls and growth of the gas boundary layer in the diffuser and it is shown that these effects must be accounted for in order to predict pressure profiles correctly. A model which incorporates these phenomena has been developed. Boundary layer growth is modelled through a momentum integral equation, extra terms being required to account for the second (liquid) phase. The model predicts pressure profiles in the diffuser which match those determined experimentally.? Al-Duri, B., McKay, G., Saad, R. and Magdy, Y. (1991), The modelling of multicomponent equilibrium in the adsorption of dyes onto bagasse pith. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 69, 246-254.? Elhalwagi, M.M., Elhalwagi, A.M. and Manousiouthakis, V. (1992), Optimal-design of dephenolization networks for petroleum-refinery wastes. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 70 (B3), 131-139.Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present a systematic methodology for the optimal design of waste-management networks for the dephenolization of oil-refinery waste streams. The essence of the proposed procedure is to formulate the waste-reduction task as an optimal chemical process synthesis problem. This formulation embeds all possible dephenolization technologies and, thus, provides a systematic and generally applicable approach to waste minimization. The problem will be addressed vis an optimization procedure whose objective is to synthesize the process flowsheet that features the least venture cost subject to the assigned waste-reduction task. Several novel notions of chemical process design will be employed, particularly the concept of mass exchange networks in which the waste streams are characterized by being rich in the hazardous species, whereas the lean streams represent all possible separating agents. The proposed procedure provides the designer with a systematic tool for simultaneously screening and optimizing the various components of a recycle/reuse network, such as mass-exchange operations, solvent-regeneration devices and biological-treatment units. The solution of the problem identifies the optimal operating conditions as well as the process configuration. A case study is presented to demonstrate the merits of this novel procedure.? Couture, E.C., Rusling, J.F. and Zhang, S. (1992), Mediated electrolytic dechlorination of pollutants in water using surfactants. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 70 (B3), 153-157.Abstract: Mediated electrolyses am being designed to detoxify substances contaminated with organohalides with the aid of fluid surfactant media. In electrolyses of PCBs mediated by zinc phthalocyanine, dehalogenation yields were tenfold better in dispersions and microemulsions of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide than in cationic micelles. Control of pH gave good rates of dehalogenation in dispersions, but was not required in microemulsions. Hg was the best cathode, but carbon and Pb were also effective.? Comninellis, C. (1992), Electrochemical treatment of waste-water containing phenol. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 70 (B4), 219-224.Abstract: The electrochemical oxidation of phenol for waste water treatment was studied at platinum and DSA(R) anodes. Analysis of reaction intermediates and measurements of current efficiency have shown that traditional anode materials (Pt, Ti/IrO2, Ti/RuO2, Ti/PbO2) give relatively low current efficiencies (EOI). Contrary to the Ti/SnO2 anode which not only gives high EOI values but allows quasi complete Total Organic Carbon (TOC) elimination. The electrochemical oxidation was compared with the chemical oxidation and a mechanism for the electrochemical oxidation was proposed.? Beltran, F.J., Kolaczkowski, S.T., Crittenden, B.D. and Rivas, F.J. (1993), Degradation of ortho-chlorophenol with ozone in water. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 71 (B1), 57-65.Abstract: Experiments have been carried out to determine the effects of ozone partial pressure, pH, temperature, initial concentration and the presence of hydrogen peroxide on the ozonation of ortho-chlorophenol (o-CP) in water. The first four variables have significant effects on the rate of conversion of o-CP. In addition to the direct reaction of o-CP with ozone, the presence of hydrogen peroxide improves the overall reaction rate, probably because of the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which in turn also oxidise o-CP. Rate constants for the o-CP-ozone reaction have been determined at different pH values from competitive ozonation experiments of phenol and o-CP, and show the important effect of pH on the overall process. Thus, the rate constant varies from 1.64 m3 mol-1 s-1 at pH 2 up to 2.7103 ml mol-1 s-1 at pH 7. As a consequence, the kinetic regime of the reaction between ozone and o-CP also varies from being slow at pH 2 to being fast at pH 7.? Catlin, C.A., Gregory, C.A.J., Johnson, D.M. and Walker, D.G. (1993), Explosion mitigation in offshore modules by general area deluge. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 71 (B2), 101-111.Abstract: An investigation has been conducted into the influence of water sprays on gas explosions. Proprietary high and medium velocity nozzles have been used in two test rig geometries representative of offshore modules: one closed on all sides except for a small vent; the other with a completely open side. Measurements have been made of the droplet sizes and water content in the spray from individual nozzles. Field-scale explosion experiments investigated the influence of the number of obstacles, the number of nozzles, their supply pressure and the addition of a foaming agent to the water. In the experiment with one side open, the sprays substantially reduced the overpressures, with the beneficial effect being greater for larger numbers of nozzles, higher nozzle supply pressures, and the more uniform spray distribution created by the medium velocity compared to the high velocity nozzle. In the more confined geometry the peak overpressure was always increased above that which would have been produced had the sprays not been activated. A theoretical analysis indicates that for explosion suppression to occur the flame acceleration must be above some minimum threshold. The potential benefits of mitigation using water sprays warrants a more thorough validation of the proposed criterion for deciding when mitigation will occur.? Edwards, D.W. and Lawrence, D. (1993), Assessing the inherent safety of chemical process routes: Is there a relation between plant costs and inherent safety. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 71 (B4), 252-258.Abstract: Inherent safety is that which is intrinsic to a plant. It is almost self-evidently true that we should design plant to be inherently safe and it is accepted wisdom that the earlier inherent safety is considered, the better. The choice of route (raw material(s) and the sequence of reaction steps that converts them to the desired product(s)) is the key early design decision that fixes the inherent safety of a plant. However, in order to choose the ‘best’ from a number of alternative routes, we must quantify their inherent safety.We have developed an index for ranking the inherent safety of routes; low index values indicate an inherently safe route, while high values indicate an inherently unsafe route. Each reaction step is scored using readily-available, safety-related properties of the chemicals involved and the estimated process conditions. The index is the sum of these scores.We have tested the index on a number of routes to methyl methacrylate. We have investigated the assertion that inherently safe plants are cost-effective plants by comparing the index to the capital and production costs of the routes.The results so far are encouraging, but need checking against other assessment methods-for example, expert judgement. The relation between inherent safety and cost-effectiveness is not disproven, but needs further work to establish it.Nasserzadeh, V., Swithenbank, J., Schofield, C., Scott, D.W., Loader, A., Leonard, A., Russell, R. and Winn, D. (1993), 3-dimensional modeling of the coventry MSW incinerator using computational fluid-dynamics and experimental-data. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 71 (B4), 269-279.Abstract: This paper presents the findings of the modelling studies carried out at Sheffield University in applying the finite difference technique and experimental data to model the Coventry municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator plant (65 MW). The main objective of this modelling work was to investigate the influence of the design and operating parameters on the overall performance of the incinerator which burns domestic and commercial wastes (approximately 900 tonne/day).A combustion model of the Essenhigh type was employed to model the combustion processes inside the refuse bed on top of the travelling grate. In addition, a mathematical model (FLUENT) was used to predict the three-dimensional reacting flows (gaseous phase) within the incinerator geometry. Experimental measurements of gas composition, temperature and velocity were compared with the model predictions. Modelling results correctly indicated trends and were invaluable for the interpretation of the incinerator performance data.As a result of the test data and mathematical modelling of the whole process, suggestions for design improvements to the Coventry MSW incinerator were made. In particular, as a consequence of this modelling work, it is proposed that the use of four large high speed secondary air jets firing towards a common centre together with optimizing the primary air distribution along the grate can produce substantially longer residence times, improve the temperature profile at the exit, reduce the concentration of toxic pollutants and increase the combustion efficiency of the plant.The principal conclusion reached from this modelling study is that upgrading of most existing MSW incinerators to meet current environmental criteria may be achieved with simple modification of the present conventional designs together with the optimization of the plant overall performance as a function of key process operational variables.? Price, G.J., Matthias, P. and Lenz, E.J. (1994), The use of high-power ultrasound for the destruction of aromatic-compounds in aqueous-solution. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 72 (B1), 27-31.Abstract: The use of high intensity ultrasound to degrade a range of aromatic compounds in aqueous solution has been investigated. The compounds used can be regarded as models for polychlorinated biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons and were found to be consumed according to a first order kinetic process. A linear dependence of the rate constant on the ultrasound intensity was found. The feasibility of scaling up the method to provide a method for potential pollution control is considered.Keywords: Ultrasound, Water Purification, Sonochemistry, PCB DestructionHo, Y.S., Wase, D.A.J. and Forster, C.F. (1994), The adsorption of divalent copper ions from aqueous solution by sphagnum moss peat. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 72 (B3), 185-194.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro72, 185.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of copper from aqueous solution was studied using Irish sphagnum moss peat. The process was found to be pH dependent, the optimum range being 4.0 to 5.0. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were found at different initial copper concentrations and pH values. Based on these data, an expression has been derived which enables the removal to be calculated for any initial concentration and pH value. The maximum adsorption capacity for sphagnum moss peat was found to be 16.4 mg/g of peat. This occurred (at 25-degrees-C) when the peat dose was 4 g/l and the initial adjusted pH was 5.0. The kinetics of the adsorption were also examined and, using a peat dose of 20 g/l and a pH of 5.0, were found to confirm a model which has been used previously to describe metal adsorptions by peat. An expression relating the removal efficiency to the dosage of peat, at pH 5, is also described.Keywords: Peat, Copper, Adsorption, Langmuir, FreundlichSharma, D.C. and Forster, C.F. (1994), Compost as an adsorbent for the treatment of hexavalent chromiumt. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 72 (B4), 234-240.Abstract: Batch trials using a coconut fibre compost as an adsorbent for hexavalent chromium showed that the performance depended on the pH at which the process was carried out. A pH of 2 gave the best results. An examination of the kinetics of absorption suggested that the process had a second order reaction rate and that intra-particle diffusion together with the chemical binding reactions were the rate controlling steps.Keywords: Hexavalent Chromium, Low Cost Adsorption, Compost? Chen, X.D. and Chong, L.V. (1995), Some characteristics of transient self-heating inside an exothermically reactive porous solid slab. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 73 (B2), 101-107.Abstract: This paper reports the results of numerical simulations and laboratory investigations carried out to explore the characteristics of the transient self-heating process. Various initial and boundary conditions were considered. It was demonstrated that a characteristic temperature, defined as the crossing-point temperature T-P, does not change (to within0.01°C) for the same exothermicity, activation energy, thermal properties, half-thickness and boundary temperature when only the initial uniform temperature is varied. This initial temperature must be lower than the critical ignition boundary temperature and the boundary temperature must not be supercritical to lead to a periphery ignition. This crossing-point temperature may be used as a physicochemical property to indicate the propensity of a solid material to self-heat. The calculations also suggest a linear temperature dependence of the heat conduction term in the energy balance applied at the symmetry of a slab for a certain temperature range, from a value smaller than the crossing-point temperature to a value just before ignition. This concept of a crossing-point temperature was confirmed by experiments carried out on a wood sawdust.Keywords: Transient Self-Heating, Crossing-Point Temperature, Modeling? Mann, A., Fitzpatrick, C.S.B. and Stephenson, T. (1995), A comparison of floating and sunken media biological aerated filters using tracer study techniques. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 73 (B2), 137-143.Abstract: Three-phase fixed media wastewater treatment reactors, known as biological aerated filters (BAFs), combine aerobic treatment with biomass separation. Tracer studies have been undertaken using media both less dense and denser than water, with two aerator configurations. The reactors acted as near ideal plug flow systems without aeration. When aerated, channelling and mixing were increased. Variation in aerator design appeared to have almost no effect on flow through the bed. From the results, it is predicted that floating media will be best for high solids wastewater and sunken media for low solids wastewater.Keywords: Biological Aerated Filters, Tracer Studies, Floating Media, Sunken Media, MixingNasserzadeh, V., Swithenbank, J., Lawrence, D. and Garrod, N.P. (1995), Emission testing and design optimization of the Sheffield clinical incinerator plant. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 73 (B3), 212-222.Abstract: The use of incineration to dispose of clinical waste is increasing as clinical waste disposal regulations become more stringent. Every year in the UK more than one million tonnes of hospital wastes are generated. Most of this is potentially infectious and must be incinerated. Emission monitoring has been carried out on the high temperature clinical waste incinerator plant with a burning capacity of 12 tonne/day (4MW) at Sheffield. The emissions testing included the measurement of CO, CO2, O2, NOx, SO2, HCl/HF, volatile organic compounds, particulates, heavy metals and dioxins/furans in the flue gas. Scrubber liquor, filter cake and ash were also analysed for heavy metals, dioxins/furans and unburnt carbon content.A computational fluid dynamic code (FLUENT) was employed to predict the three-dimensional reacting flows within the incinerator geometry. The main objective of this modelling work was to investigate the influence of the design and operating parameters on the overall performance of the incinerator. Experimental measurements of gas composition, temperature and velocities were compared with the model predictions. Modelling results correctly indicated trends and were invaluable for the interpretation of the incinerator performance data.As a result of the test data and mathematical modelling of the whole process, suggestions for design improvements for the Sheffield clinical incinerator were made. The modelling work showed that the use of six high speed air jets firing towards a common centre in the interconnecting duct between the primary and secondary chambers produces substantially better mixing. Similarly, reducing the number of air jets in the secondary chamber reduces dead spaces giving longer residence times and improves the temperature profile at the exit, thus potentially reducing the concentration of toxic pollutants and increasing the combustion efficiency of the plant.Keywords: Clinical Waste, Incineration, Mathematical Modeling, Pollutants, Dioxins Furans? Dossantos, L.M.F. (1995), Biological treatment of VOC-containing wastewaters: Novel extractive membrane bioreactor vs conventional aerated bioreactor. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 73 (B3), 227-234.Abstract: Many toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be biologically degraded using suitable aerobic micro-organisms. However, in conventional bioreactors air-stripping of the VOC from the wastewater occurs and this may be unacceptable in an integrated pollution control environment. This paper describes a novel extractive membrane bioreactor (EMB) which has been developed to overcome the air-stripping problem which occurs when treating a synthetically concocted wastewater containing a toxic VOC, 1,2 dichloroethane (DCE). Biofilms growing on the surface of the membrane tubes biodegrade DCE while avoiding direct contact between the DCE and the aerating gas. This reduces air-stripping by more than an order of magnitude (from 30-40% of the DCE entering the system in the conventional aerated bioreactor to less than 1% in the EMB). The EMB configuration thus appears to be effective in achieving aerobic biodegradation of certain toxic VOCs without incurring air-stripping problems, and achieving over 99% DCE removal. Future scale-up considerations of the EMB system are also discussed.Keywords: (Toxic) Volatile Organic Compounds, 1,2 dichloroethane, Aerobic Biodegradation, Conventional Aerated Bioreactor, Extractive Membrane Bioreactor, Membrane Attached Biofilms? Nag, A. (1995), Utilization of charred sawdust as an adsorbent of dyes, toxic salts and oil from water. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 73 (B4), 299-304.Abstract: A cid-hydrolyzed charred sawdust has been found to be an effective adsorbent of dyes, toxic salts and oil from water. The adsorbency of dyes onto sawdust and also onto charred waste from oxalic acid plant has been compared. The change in free energy (Delta G) due to adsorption of dye from the bulk to the interface of sawdust has been calculated. Delta G has been found to vary linearly with the ratio of Gamma(p) where Gamma(p)(m) represents the fraction of the surface covered by the adsorbate. The binding of salts with sawdust has been measured using the isopiestic vapour pressure technique. Hydrogen peroxide and sawdust have been found to be effective for removing oil from water. A comparison has been made between the two coagulantsKeywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Dye, Dyes, Pollutants, Removal of Dyes, Sawdust, Toxic Salts and Oil, Water Treatment? Naumczyk, J., Szpyrkowicz, L., de Faveri, M.D. and Zilio Grandi, F. (1996), Electrochemical treatment of tannery wastewater containing high strength pollutants. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 74 (B1), 59-68.Full Text: Pro Saf Env Pro74, 59.pdfAbstract: The treatment of high strength tannery wastewater by the electrochemical method using a Ti/Pt anode has been investigated. This anode was selected as the best one in previous studies with weak tannery wastewater and proved also to be the best of three other types of anodes used to treat standard solutions featuring similar ammonia and chloride concentrations to those of the wastewater investigated here.In the present study the electrochemical treatment was applied for different types of wastewater: raw, coagulated and biologically treated, with a high chloride concentration. Full elimination of ammonia from its initial concentration of 745 mgl-1 was achieved when the method was applied to each type of wastewater. The efficiency of ammonia removal depended on its initial concentration and on the concentration of organics present in the wastewater and, to a small degree, on current density.A concurrent oxidation of organic pollutants was observed, with accompanying COD reduction of up to 74%.GC-MS analysis of electrochemically treated tannery wastewater showed five chloro-organic compounds at very low concentrations, trichloromethane being the major product.In conclusion the electrochemical process can be applied successfully as a final polishing step to remove ammonium ions from the wastewaters from which the organic load was previously removed through preliminary treatment (coagulation or biological oxidation).Keywords: Tannery Wastewater, Electrochemical Treatment, Ammonia Removal, Ti/Pt Electrode, Anodic-Oxidation, RemovalMcKay, G., El-Geundi, M. and Nassar, M.M. (1996), Pore diffusion during the adsorption of dyes onto bagasse pith. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 74 (B4), 277-288.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro74, 277.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of four dyestuffs onto bagasse pith, a waste product from the sugar cane industry, has been studied. The equilibrium isotherms have been measured and concentration versus time decay curves have been determined in an agitated batch adsorber. A two-resistance model has been developed based on external film mass transfer and pore diffusion. The model incorporates a concentration-decay curve fitting routine which was optimized during the model development. The experimental batch contact time data have been compared with the theoretically predicted data in the form of Sherwood numbers.Keywords: Adsorption Modelling, Bagasse, Dyes, Pore, Diffusion, Activated Carbon Columns, Fixed-Bed Adsorbers, Batch, Equilibria, Solutes, RatesWilliams, C.J. and Edyvean, R.G.J. (1997), Optimization of metal adsorption by seaweeds and seaweed derivatives. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 75 (B1), 19-26.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro75, 19.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of heavy metal ions by low cost, or even waste, materials has shown much potential in the light of environmental legislation and concern over the cumulative toxicity of these pollutants in the aquatic environment. The low cost and availability of seaweeds has prompted research into their use in biosorption studies. Results of the uptake of copper, nickel, cadmium, lead and zinc by three brown seaweeds, an alginate fibre and a dealginated seaweed (a waste product from the alginate production industry) are presented here. The factors which affect the heavy metal uptake of these biosorbents have been investigated by varying the biomass concentration and by pre-treating the biomass. The effect of varying the mechanism of agitation of the biomass and metal ion solution has also been investigated. The speed of uptake of the metal ions by the biosorbents was determined.Duh, Y.S., Kao, C.S., Lee, C.S. and Yu, S.W. (1997), Runaway hazard assessment of cumene hydroperoxide from the cumene oxidation process. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 75 (B2), 73-80.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro75, 73.pdfAbstract: Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) is normally produced by the cumene oxidation process. Severe fire and explosion incidents have occurred in oxidation and concentration processes due to the thermal instability of CHP. In this study, we used DSC and ARC thermal analysis techniques to measure the runaway thermokinetic data. Data such as adiabatic time to maximum rate (TMRad), adiabatic temperature rise (Delta T-ad) self-heating rate (dT/dt), thermal inertia (phi), etc., are used for runaway hazard evaluation.The thermal decomposition of CHP in cumene was found to be dependent on the CHP concentration which was characterized by the Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC) test, isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) tests. The reaction order of 35 wt% CHP decomposition was determined to be 0.5. The Arrhenius parameters were measured to be Ea (kJ mol-1)= 120.63.0 and InA (min-1M1/2)= 30.2±1.3. By using the thermokinetic data, plant vessel conditions, and the Semenov model, one can evaluate the criteria of critical vessel conditions, such as temperature of no return (T-NR) and critical heat transfer parameter, (US/V)(cr). Thermal hazards affected by CHP concentration were also discussed.Keywords: Cumene Hydroperoxide, Runaway Reaction, Thermal Hazard AssessmentPennington, D.W., Yue, P.L., McKay, G. and Porter, J.F. (1997), The application of multi-compartment models for regional environmental comparison of process design alternatives. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 75 (B2), 90-97.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro75, 90.pdfAbstract: A number of methodologies have been presented in the Literature to meet the demand for environmental comparison of process design alternatives. However, the application of these methodologies in practice has been limited by subjectivity, uncertainty and resource requirements. in this paper, a multi-compartment model, using readily available data and associated assumptions, is presented as a potential tool for environmental comparison of process design alternatives. The suitability of the model to provide a discriminatory basis for comparison is discussed in terms of trends, quantitative uncertainty and limitations.Keywords: Process, Comparison, Environment, Multi-Compartment Model, UncertaintyHigashitani, K. and Oshitani, J. (1997), Measurements of magnetic effects on electrolyte solutions by atomic force microscope. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 75 (B2), 115-119.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro75, 115.pdfAbstract: The interaction force between a mica plate and a silica particle in a KCl solution was measured using an atomic force microscope and the difference between the interaction at molecular level in magnetized solutions and that in non-magnetized solutions was examined to clarify the mechanism of the magnetic exposure effects on electrolyte solutions. The data were compared with the results of previous experiments on magnetic effects on colloidal and fluorescent solutions. It was found that (I) the magnetic exposure reduces the potential of the solid surface, (2) the magnetic effect decays with the concentration of alcohol in the solution and the solution temperature, (3) the magnetic effects remain for a sufficiently long period even after the magnetic exposure is completed, and (4) the magnetic effects on the apparent surface potential in this study are consistent with those on the zeta potential reported previously.Keywords: Magnetic Effect, Atomic Force Microscope, Memory Effect, Water Structure, Adsorbed Layer, Colloidal Particles, Field(1997), 1995-1996 doctorates in chemical engineering (related to process safety and environmental protection) at IChemE-accredited universities worldwide. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 75 (B2), 123-124.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro75, 123.pdfMcKay, G. and Porter, J.F. (1997), A comparison of Langmuir based models for predicting multicomponent metal ion equilibrium sorption isotherms on peat. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 75 (B3), 171-180.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro75, 171.pdfAbstract: Three models for predicting multicomponent equilibrium sorption isotherms have been tested for the sorption of cadmium, copper and zinc ions onto peat. The models tested were an extended Langmuir isotherm, a simplified model based on characteristic equilibrium parameters and a modified extended Langmuir isotherm incorporating an interaction factor. The experimental system is based on the sorption of three metal ions onto peat in single, binary and ternary component systems.Keywords: Adsorption, Kinetics, Removal, Thermodynamics, Exchange, Multicomponent Adsorption, Interaction, Peat, Metal IonsKolaczkowski, S.T., Beltran, F.J., McLurgh, D.B. and Rivas, F.J. (1997), Wet air oxidation of phenol: Factors that may influence global kinetics. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 75 (B4), 257-265.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro75, 257.pdfAbstract: Wet air oxidation is presented as a technique for removal of organic pollutants found in waste water streams. The oxidation of phenol has been achieved at moderate temperatures (T = 473 K) and pressures (3.0 MPa total pressure) with up to 95% destruction in less than 30 minutes.An increase in either oxygen concentration or temperature has a positive influence on reaction rate, with temperature following an Arrhenius dependence. The influence of pH is shown to be complex. For a 0.01 mol-1 phenol solution significant destruction was obtained; however, when the initial pH was modified to either less than two or between neutrality and ten, practically no change in phenol concentration was observed. When oxidation is carried out in strong alkali media (pH > 12) reaction rate is enhanced significantly.Addition of small quantities of hydrogen peroxide resulted in enhanced rates of oxidation even at low temperatures (373 K). When hydrogen peroxide is added, oxygen plays a negligible role in the initial reaction, only becoming significant once the hydrogen peroxide has been consumed.The nature and geometry of the reactor has been found to play an important role in free radical termination steps, with metal surfaces likely to enhance significantly decomposition of organic radicals.Keywords: Wet Air Oxidation, Phenol, Oxidation Kinetics, Free Radical Promoters, Waste Water Treatment, Catalytic-Oxidation, Supercritical Water, Mass-Transfer, Copper Oxide, Waste-Water, AcidZheng, G., Di Lalla, S. and Kozinski, J.A. (1998), Experimental methodology and determination of optimum operating parameters during solid waste burning. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 76 (B1), 19-30.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro76, 19.pdfAbstract: The treatment of solid wastes has become a significant problem around the world. Since strict regulations prohibit the placement of hazardous wastes in landfills, combustion can become the principal and, probably, most attractive alternative for disposal of hazardous wastes. During combustion, the volume and mass of the waste are reduced to a fraction of its original size. Metals are not destroyed during combustion. A fraction of volatile toxic metals is emitted as vapours. Non-volatile toxic metal compounds are released with the solid ash and also require safe disposal. The chemical form, concentration and leachability of these compounds in ash depend on a number of factors including the composition of the waste and the treatment method used. This paper describes the method used to determine the optimum operating parameters of the pulp and paper sludge combustion process. Using these parameters, the characteristics of the combustion process as well as properties of the resultant ash are determined. The ash analysis includes morphology and metal fate. It was found that as combustion temperature rises, the solid residue changes from fibrous, powdered, sintered, molten, and finally stabilizes as a compact agglomerate (above 1400 K). An optimum set of operating conditions was established by design of cross-experiments (DCE) in order to study the process. The design of cross-experiments is a valuable experimental method for both scientific and practical utilization since it can shorten research time and save resources while optimizing operating parameters simultaneously.Keywords: Solid Waste, Combustion, Experimental Method, Morphology, Toxic MetalsQuek, S.Y., Al Duri, B., Wase, D.A.J. and Forster, C.F. (1998), Coir as a biosorbent of copper and lead. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 76 (B1), 50-54.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro76, 50.pdfAbstract: Laboratory-scale batch studies were carried out to assess the potential of using coir as a low-cost adsorbent for lead and copper. For both metals, equilibrium and kinetic studies were carried out. The effects of pH, contact time, sorbate concentration, particle size and the sorbent mass were examined. It was found that pH was a crucial factor in determining the adsorption of both metals. The equilibrium data fitted both the Langmuir and the Freundlich models with correlation coefficients >0.9. Based on the Langmuir constants, lead had a higher sorption capacity (48.84 mgg-1) than copper (19.30 mgg-1). The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption rates were a function of the initial sorbate concentration, the size of the particles being used and the mass of sorbent. The results also showed that the sorption followed second-order kinetics rather than the first-order Lagergren model which has been widely used previously.Keywords: Sphagnum Moss Peat, Removal, Ions, Chromium(VI), Adsorption, Sorption, Fibers, Biosorption, Lend, Copper, Langmuir, KineticsNotes: highly citedHo, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1998), Kinetic models for the sorption of dye from aqueous solution by wood. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 76 (B2), 183-191.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro76B, 183.pdfAbstract: The sorption of Basic Blue 69 and Acid Blue 25 onto wood has been studied in terms of pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and pseudo-first order chemical sorption processes. The batch sorption model, based on the assumption of a pseudo-second order mechanism, has been developed to predict the rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium capacity and initial sorption rate with the effect of initial dye concentration, wood particle size and temperature. An equilibrium capacity of sorption has been evaluated with the pseudo-second order rate equation as well as by the Langmuir isotherm and operating line method. In addition, an activation energy of sorption has also been determined based on the pseudo-second order rate constants.Keywords: Activation, Adsorption, Basic Dye, Chitin, Diffusion-Model, Dye, Equilibrium, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir Isotherm, Mass-Transfer, Mechanism, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Removal, Silica, Sorption, WoodHo, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1998), A two-stage batch sorption optimised design for dye removal to minimum contact time. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 76 (B4), 313-318.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro76B, 313.pdfAbstract: The sorption of Basic Blue 69 and Acid Blue 25 dyes onto biosorbents (wood and peat) in a batch adsorber has been studied. A model has been developed for the design of a two-stage batch adsorber. The model has been optimized with respect to contact time in order to minimize total contact time to achieve a fixed percentage of Basic Blue 69 and Acid Blue 25 dyes removal.Keywords: Dye, Batch Sorption, Optimization Model, Color Removal, Adsorption, Peat, PithNotes: highly citedHo, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1998), A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 76 (B4), 332-340.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro76B, 332.pdfAbstract: A comparison of kinetic models describing the sorption of pollutants has been reviewed. The models evaluated include the Elovich equation, the pseudo-first order equation and the pseudo-second order equation. Results show that chemisorption processes could be rate limiting in the sorption step. The pseudo-second order equation may be applied for chemisorption processes with a high degree of correlation in several literature cares where a pseudo-first order rate mechanism has been arbitrarily assumed.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption Rates, Aqueous-Solution, Biogas Residual Slurry, Color Removal, Elovich Equation, Fe(III), Cr(III) Hydroxide, Fly-Ash, Industry Waste-Water, Kinetic, Kinetics, Literature, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Mechanism, Peanut Hull Carbon, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First Order and Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, SorptionWibulswas, R., White, D.A. and Rautiu, R. (1999), Adsorption of phenolic compounds from water by surfactant-modified pillared clays. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 77 (B2), 88-92.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro77B, 88.pdfAbstract: An organophilic pillared clays-based adsorbent was prepared by incorporating a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) during the synthesis of conventional aluminium pillared clays. A specific amount of HDTMA was desired to occupy the cation exchange sites of the precursor clay. The presence of the HDTMA surfactant enhanced the adsorption ability of the clays toward phenolic compounds from aqueous systems. Adsorption experiments were carried out using a batch equilibration technique to investigate the removal of three toxic phenol compounds-phenol, 3-monochlorophenol and 3,5-dichlorophenol-by the surfactant-modified pillared clays. Comparative adsorption experiments were also conducted with Montmorillonite, the starting clay, as a reference material. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing surfactant-modified pillared clays as an adsorbent for removing phenol and chlorinated phenols from water. The adsorption affinity decreased in the following sequence: 3,5 dichlorophenol > 3-monochlorophenol > phenol. The Langmuir model was used to analyse the adsorption equilibria and calculate the adsorption capacity of phenolic compounds on these surfactant-modified pillared clays, S-PILCs.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Al, Capacity, Cationic Surfactant, Chlorinated Phenols, Clay, HDTMA, Hexadecyltrimethylammonium, Langmuir, Model, Montmorillonite, Organic Pollutants, Phenol, Phenolic Compounds, Pilcs, Pillared Clays, Removal, Sites, Surfactant, Surfactant-Modified Pillared Clays, Synthesis, Water, Water TreatmentHo, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1999), Batch lead(II) removal from aqueous solution by peat: Equilibrium and kinetics. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 77 (B3), 165-173.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro77B, 165.pdfAbstract: The sorption of lead ions onto peat has been studied. Equilibrium isotherms have been measured and modelled. Kinetic studies have been carried out in a batch adsorber to study the effect of initial concentration, agitation and temperature. A pseudo-second order kinetic model has been proposed to correlate the experimental data.Keywords: Kinetics, Lead, Peat, Sorption, Activated Carbon Columns, Heavy-Metal Ions, Humic-Acid, Eichhornia-Crassipes, Adsorption-Isotherms, Drinking-Water, Marine-Algae, Biosorption, Cadmium, Clay? Malik, D.J., Streat, M. and Greig, J. (1999), Characterization and evaluation of seaweed-based sorbents for treating toxic metal-bearing solutions. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 77 (B4), 227-233.Full Text: 1999\Pro Saf Env Pro77B, 227.pdfAbstract: Marine algal varieties Ascophyllum nodosum, Lessonia flavicans, Laminaria hyperborea and Durvillea potatorum as well as processed seaweed residues arising from the algin extraction industry have been evaluated for toxic metal sorption. Biosorption isotherms have been obtained for copper, cadmium and nickel at controlled solution pH4. Potentiometric titrations and esterification of algal biomass indicate that carboxylate groups are: primarily responsible for metal sorption. Proton, metal interactions play an important role in the biosorption process. Swelling of biosorbents is discussed in the context of potential large-scale fixed-bed column applications.Keywords: Algal Biomass, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption, Brown-Algae, Cadmium, Cobalt, Column, Complexation, Copper, Esterification, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Column, Fixed-Bed, Fixed-Bed Column, Isotherms, Marine-Algae, Mechanism, Nickel, Protons, Seaweed, Sorption, Swelling, Toxic, Undaria-PinnatifidaEvans, J. and Williams, P.T. (2000), Heavy metal adsorption onto flyash in waste incineration flue gases. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 78 (B1), 40-46.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro78, 40.pdfAbstract: The presence of heavy metals in incinerator flue gases is of environmental concern due to their associated toxic properties. The heavy metals are associated with flyash. Several flyash samples from a range of municipal solid waste incinerators have been analysed by ICP and coupled SEM-EDX to determine their heavy metal concentration and also heavy metal composition in relation to physical morphology. Flyash is shown to contain a wide variety of heavy metals and consists of complex potassium, sodium and calcium aluminosilicates which form spherical particles with an associated amorphous and crystalline phase with an enriched metal content. An experimental reactor is described which investigates the interaction of heavy metalspecies with flyash under simulated furnace/flue gas conditions. The literature is reviewed in relation to the vaporization and condensation reactions of heavy metals under waste incinerator combustion and flue gas conditions.Keywords: Ash, Sorbents, Removal, Lead, Particles, Refuse, Incineration, Flyash, Heavy Metals, AnalysisRangel-Mendez, J.R., Tai, M.H. and Streat, M. (2000), Removal of cadmium using electrochemically oxidized activated carbon. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 78 (B2), 143-148.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro78, 143.pdfAbstract: A wood-based activated carbon, AUG WHK, was oxidized electrochemically to enhance its metal binding capacity and subsequently studied for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution. Treated adsorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K before and after oxidation, and a quantitative determination of weak-acid surface groups was carried out by direct titration. The BET surface area decreased considerably after oxidation; however, the total amount of oxygen-containing surface groups was 3.36 times higher compared to the untreated adsorbent. Batch equilibrium tests indicated that the oxidized material has 16.5 times higher sorption capacity for cadmium than conventional activated carbon. Equilibrium isotherms were determined at pH 4, 5 and 6 and showed that there was a slight increase in cadmium uptake with increase in pH. The experimental data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and it was found that the Freundlich isotherm fitted better in all the cases. Overall, the results indicated a rapid adsorption rate with over 96% fractional uptake of metal occurring in the first 12 minutes. Small-scale mini-column experiments were performed and indicated that breakthrough occurred after about 140 bed volumes (BV) of feed solution, containing 1 mM Cd at pH 6, was passed at 10BVh-1 for oxidized WHK, whereas breakthrough was instantaneous for the unoxidized sample.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Breakthrough, Cadmium, Cd, Freundlich Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Metal, Oxidation, pH, Removal, SorptionWalker, G.M. and Weatherley, L.R. (2000), Prediction of bisolute dye adsorption isotherms on activated carbon. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 78 (B3), 219-223.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro78, 219.pdfAbstract: The removal of acid dyes, Tectilon Blue 4R, Tectilon Red 2B and Tectilon Orange 3G, from single solute, bisolute and trisolute solutions by adsorption on activated carbon (GAC F400) has been investigated in isotherm experiments. Results from these experiments were modelled using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm theories with the Langmuir model proving to be the more suitable. The Ideal Adsorbed Solution (IAS) model was coupled with the Langmuir isotherm to predict binary adsorption on the dyes. The application of the IAS theory accurately simulated the experimental data with an average deviation of approximately 3% between modelled and experimental data.Keywords: Adsorption, Multisolute, Ideal Adsorbed Solution, Langmuir Isotherm, Competitive Adsorption, Systems, PhenolsSaha, B., Tai, M.H. and Streat, M. (2001), Study of activated carbon after oxidation and subsequent treatment: Characterization. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 79 (B4), 211-217.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro79, 211.pdfAbstract: Modified samples of a coal based activated carbon, Chemviron F400, were oxidized by nitric acid and air. Nitric acid oxidized samples were treated to remove humic type by-products of the oxidation process either by washing with sodium hydroxide solution or heating under vacuum. All samples were characterized to investigate the effect of the treatment and the chemical as well as the physical characteristics of these materials. The characterization included scanning electron micrographs (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Langmuir surface area measurements, Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, sodium capacity measurement, pH titration and zeta potential measurements. The results indicated that there was a significant change in the structure of the precursor by oxidation and subsequent treatments. The ion exchange capacity of the carbon was markedly enhanced by the addition of oxygen containing weakly acidic surface groups.Saha, B., Tai, M.H. and Streat, M. (2001), Metal sorption performance of an activated carbon after oxidation and subsequent treatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 79 (B6), 345-351.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro79, 345.pdfAbstract: Samples of a coal-based activated carbon, Chemviron F400, were oxidized by nitric acid and air to enhance their metal sorption capacity. Acid oxidized samples were either alkali washed or heated under vacuum to remove organic by-products formed during oxidation. Mini-column breakthrough experiments were conducted to determine the sorption performance of the samples for Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd uptake. The kinetic performance of these samples was assessed. Ion exchange performance of activated carbon samples was significantly enhanced on oxidation. Copper uptake capacity of a 24 h acid oxidized sample was increased by a factor of 60 compared to the unoxidized as-received material. Subsequent treatments reduced the metal uptake capacity of the oxidized carbons indicating that by-products produced during oxidation had metal binding ability. The metal sorbed samples were regenerated using 0.1 M HCl solution.Rangel-Mendez, J.R. and Streat, M. (2002), Mercury and cadmium sorption performance of a fibrous ion exchanger and granular activated carbon. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 80 (B3), 150-158.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro80, 150.pdfAbstract: A commercially available wood-based granular activated carbon (WHK) and a weak acid fibrous ion exchanger (K-4) were evaluated for the removal of mercury and cadmium from aqueous solution. As-received granular WHK was modified electrochemically to enhance cation sorption capacity for comparison with K-4. Granular carbon samples were characterized by direct titration, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis, surface area, electrophoretic mobility measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The sodium sorption capacity of K-4 was 4.28 mmol-1 compared to 1.27 mmol g-1 for as-received WHK. Electrochemical oxidation for 3 h increased the ion exchange capacity of WHK to 2.57 mmol g-1. Elemental analysis and XPS showed a noticeable increase in the oxygen content of electrochemically modified WHK, which was reflected in a higher content of acidic oxygen-containing groups and a shift of the isoelectric point to lower pH values compared to as-received WHK. Batch sorption experiments showed that K-4 is more effective for the removal of cadmium than mercury when compared to modified WHK. The effect of pH on sorption isotherms indicated that metal uptake increased with increasing pH. Small-scale studies indicated that breakthrough occurred at 20 and 75 bed volumes for mercury and cadmium respectively when a 1 mM mixed cadmium and mercury feed solution at pH 6 was passed through a column packed with modified WHK. This indicated that modified WHK is more selective for cadmium than for mercury.Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Black, Cadmium, Granular Activated Carbon, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Fibre, Mercury, Metal, Metal Uptake, Oxidation, Oxidation, Ozone, Removal, Sorption, XPSSalim, R. and Abu El-Halawa, R. (2002), Efficiency of dry plant leaves (Mulch) for removal of lead, cadmium and copper from aqueous solutions. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 80 (B5), 270-276.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro80, 270.pdfAbstract: Mulch has been found to be capable of removing lead, cadmium and copper from aqueous solutions. The efficiency of this removal, at the optimal conditions, is close to the efficiency of removal using activated carbon. Several factors affecting the removal process have been studied. These include plant type, concentration of metal ions and method of drying leaves. The method of analysis used is the AAS. The efficiency of removal of lead by plant leaves was, in decreasing order: Eucalyptus camaludulensis L. Pinus halepensis L. > Thuja orientalis L. > Populus nigra L. > Phragmites australis L. > Anabasis syriaca L. The efficiency of removal of cadmium by plant leaves was, in decreasing order: Eucalyptus camaludulensis L. > Populus nigra L. > Anabasis syriaca L. Thuja orientalis L. > Phragmites australis L. > Pinus halepensis L. The removal process of lead, cadmium and copper followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Maximum removal efficiency by plant leaves was at ca pH7 for cadmium and at ca pH 5.4 for copper. Oven-dried leaves showed slightly higher removal efficiency of metal ions than naturally dried leaves.Ko, D.C.K., Porter, J.F. and McKay, G. (2003), Fixed bed studies for the sorption of metal ions onto peat. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81 (B2), 73-86.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro81, 73.pdfAbstract: In this study, peat has been used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals in a fixed bed system. Experiments have been performed to investigate the effect of flowrate and bed depth on the peat-metal ion system. A film-pore diffusion model has been used to predict the breakthrough behaviour. The three major parameters in the mathematical model are the external mass transfer coefficient, k, the effective pore diffusivity, D-eff, and the solid-phase loading capacity, q(e). One of the main problems in this type of modelling is the prediction of q(e), particularly for sorbent-solute systems which take a long time to achieve equilibrium saturation. Some researchers have used the equilibrium isotherm capacity, some utilize a fixed fraction of the isotherm capacity and other workers perform the numerical or graphical mass balances at the breakthrough curves, which is time-consuming and tedious. The present method incorporates a novel empirical solution for q(e), which is correlated with the service time. Good agreement between the predicted theoretical breakthrough curves and the experimental results is observed.Keywords: Activated Carbon Columns, Adsorption, Adsorption, Batch Tests, Bone Char, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curves, Copper, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Column, Fluidized-Beds, Mass Transfer Coefficient, Mass-Transfer, Mathematical Modelling, Metal Ion, Model, Peat, Pore Diffusion, Scale- Up, Sorption, Water-PurificationTizaoui, C. and Slater, M.J. (2003), The design of an industrial waste-water treatment process using adsorbed ozone on silica gel. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81 (B2), 107-113.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro81, 107.pdfAbstract: A new technique using ozone loaded on adsorbents for industrial waste-water treatment has been investigated. This is a three- step process: ozone adsorption on a fixed bed column; water treatment on the bed loaded with ozone; and finally drying, regeneration of the wet bed. Silica gel of mean particle size of 1.5 mm has been tested for ozone loading capacities followed by water treatment, both at ambient temperature. The mechanisms of the mass transfer process during ozone loading and water treatment have been established. The drying of the adsorbent using vacuum and dry air is feasible, but it is a time- consuming operation. A design procedure is described for the whole system.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Column, Decomposition, Environment, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Column, Ozone, Reactive Dye, Silica Gel, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Water TreatmentSalim, R., Al-Subu, M., Abu-Shqair, I. and Braik, H. (2003), Removal of zinc from aqueous solutions by dry plant leaves. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81 (B4), 236-242.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro81, 236.pdfAbstract: Removal of zinc from aqueous solutions by 15 species of plant leaves was studied. The maximum efficiency of removal was found to be by walnut and poplar leaves at pH 6 with a maximum removal of 82%. Increasing the concentration of plant leaves increased the removal of zinc up to a limit. Agitation of solution increased the efficiency of the removal process. The presence of competing and complexing agents affected the removal process negatively but also positively in few cases.Ho, Y.S. (2003), Removal of metal ions from sodium arsenate solution using tree fern. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 81 (B5), 352-356.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro81, 352.pdf P\Pro Saf Env Pro-Ho.pdfAbstract: The sorption of metal ions from sodium arsenate solution by using an agricultural by-product, tree fern, has been investigated. The sorption of sodium cation on tree fern has been studied in terms of pseudo-second-order sorption processes. The pseudo second-order kinetic model has been developed to predict the rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium capacity and initial sorption rate with the effect of initial metal ion concentration. The Henry’s law, Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were used to correlate experimental isotherms. The sorption of sodium cation follows Henry’s law and a modified Redlich-Peterson isotherm. However, the arsenic could not be removed from sodium arsenate solution by the sorption for the reason that arsenic is in the form of anion as arsenic acids in the solution and because of the negative charge of tree fern surface.Keywords: Isotherm, Adsorption, Kinetic Model, Tree Fern, Agricultural by-Product, Sodium, Aqueous-Solution, Aspergillus-Niger, Equilibrium, Sorption, Isotherm, Peat, DyeChoy, K.K.H., Ko, D.C.K., Cheung, W.H., Fung, J.S.C., Hui, D.C.W., Porter, J.F. and McKay, G. (2004), Municipal solid waste utilization for integrated cement processing with waste minimization: A pilot scale proposal. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 82 (B3), 200-207.Full Text: P\Pro Saf Env Pro82, 200.pdfAbstract: A novel design of an integrated process for cement production incorporating municipal solid waste (MSW) separation and combustion has been developed. The novel design offers significant opportunities for waste minimization. The MSW combustion system design incorporates the use of supplementary fuel from waste marine oil. Very high temperature, 1200degreesC, high turbulence and high residence time, >4 s, are achieved. This results in very high burnout of MSW, resulting in negligible particulate organic matter to form dioxin by de-novo synthesis. The energy produced is used for the cement process calcination of limestone and residual heat is converted into energy to drive the cement plant. The calcination process itself is used as a large scrubber to remove SO, and HCl, the latter minimizing the chance of dioxin formation further. A front end materials recovery and recycling facility, MRRF, is used to remove valuable recyclable components, chlorine-based plastics and metal-containing materials, such as batteries. The combustion of the MSW achieves a 85-90% volume reduction and the MSW ash is used as a feedstock for the production of the cement clinker.Keywords: Solid Waste, Integrated Cement Processing, Waste Minimization, Process Design, Simulation, Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Emissions, Incinerators, Metals? Horng, J.J. (2007), Growing carbon nanotube on aluminum oxides - An inherently safe approach for environmental applications. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 85 (B4), 332-339.Full Text: 2007\Pro Saf Env Pro85, 332.pdfAbstract: Using micron-sized Al2O3 particles as carriers to grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under 700°C atmosphere of methane and hydrogen after pre-planted catalysts of Fe-Ni nanoparticles, those composite CNTs (CCNTs) have demonstrated several unique properties compared to CNTs-medium specific surface area and zeta potential, high adsorption capacity for metal ions, high recovery rate by acids, low decomposition heat for exothermal reaction, and so on. The adsorption behaviours of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ in aqueous solutions by CCNTs are in good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and second order kinetic model with maximum individual adsorption capacities of 67.11, 26.59 and 8.89 mg g-1. The individual and competitive adsorption behaviours indicated that the preference order of adsorption were Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ for aluminum oxides, activated carbon, commercial CNTs, and CCNTs as well as other researchers’ CNTs. We suggest that future development of CNTS to combine with metals and/or other materials, such as TiO2, should consider attached to carriers or surface in order to avoid concerns on environment, health and safety. Thus, growing CNTs on Al2O3 particles to form CCNTs is an inherently safe approach for many promising environmental applications.Keywords: Acids, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Al2O3, Aluminum, Aluminum Oxide Carrier, Applications, Aqueous Solutions, Atmosphere, Capacity, Carbon, Carbon Nanotube, Carbon Nanotubes, Catalysts, Cd2+, Competitive Adsorption, Composite, Cu2+, Decomposition, Development, Environment, Environmental, Environmental Application, Health, Health and Safety, Hydrogen, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Low, Materials, Metal, Metal Ion Adsorption, Metal Ions, Metals, Methane, Model, Nanoparticles, Order, Oxides, Particles, Pb2+, Potential, Preference, Properties, Rate, Reaction, Recovery, Safety, Second Order, Solutions, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Surface, Surface Area, TiO2, Trichloroethylene, Water, Zeta Potential, Zeta-Potential? Namasivayam, C. and Sureshkumar, M.V. (2007), Modelling thiocyanate adsorption onto surfactant-modified coir pith, an agricultural solid ‘waste’. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 85 (B6), 521-525.Full Text: 2007\Pro Saf Env Pro85, 521.pdfAbstract: Thiocyanate (SCN-) is used in many industrial processes and is found in industrial wastewaters. Adsorptive removal of thiocyanate by surfactant-modified coir pith, an unwanted byproduct of coir fibre industry was studied. Cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as modifier. Optimum pH for maximum adsorption of SCN- was found to be 2.0. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms were used to model the adsorption equilibrium data and the system followed all the three isotherms and the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 8.6 mg g-1. Kinetic studies show that the adsorption obeyed second order. Desorption studies showed that upto 90% recovery of SCN- from the spent adsorbent was feasible. Effect of foreign anions on the adsorption of SCN- was also examined.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Agricultural Solid Waste, Anions, Carbon, Electrosorption, Equilibrium, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetics, Removal, Sorption, Thermodynamics, Thiocyanate? Guo, S.H., Li, W., Zhang, L.B., Peng, J.H., Xia, H.Y. and Zhang, S.M. (2009), Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption study of lead(II) onto the low cost adsorbent-Eupatorium adenophorum spreng. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 87 (5), 343-351.Full Text: 2009\Pro Saf Env Pro87, 343.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto a low cost adsorbent-the Eupatorium adenophorum spreng has been investigated to evaluate the effects of initial lead ion concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on the removal of Pb(II) systematically. The optimal pH value for Pb(II) adsorption onto the E. adenophorum spreng was found to be 5.0. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG?), standard enthalpy (ΔH?), and standard entropy (ΔS degrees) were evaluated by applying the van’t Hoff equation, which describes the dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature. The thermodynamics of Pb(II) adsorption onto the E. adenophorum spreng indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures and the equilibrium data were found to fit Freundlich isotherm equation better than Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption was analyzed using pseudo-second-order kinetic models. (c) 2009 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Cd(II), Concentration, Contaminated Water, Cost, Cu(II), Data, Endothermic, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Eupatorium Adenophorum Spreng, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Gibbs Free Energy, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Lead Ion, Lead(II), Low Cost, Metal Adsorbent, Models, Pb(II), Pb(II), Pb(II) Ions, pH, pH Value, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rice Husk Ash, Rights, Solution, Sorption, Standard, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Value? Liu, Z.R. and Zhou, S.Q. (2010), Adsorption of copper and nickel on Na-bentonite. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 88 (1), 62-66.Full Text: 2010\Pro Saf Env Pro88, 62.pdfAbstract: The removal of copper and nickel from aqueous solution on the Na-bentonite has been studied under static conditions. Experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, dosage of Na-bentonite, contact time and temperature. The adsorption equilibrium for nickel and copper onto Na-bentonite is reached in 200 min. The adsorption of copper and nickel is pH dependent in the pH range 2-9. The kinetic process of adsorption can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation excellently and the adsorption isotherm be fitted to the Langmuir model by means of regression analyses very well. The adsorption capacities follow the order of Cu2+ > Ni2+ in single-component systems and competitive adsorption capacities in order decreasing is Cu2+ > Ni2+ in binary-component systems. (C) 2009 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherm, Analyses, Aqueous Solution, Competitive, Competitive Adsorption, Copper, Cu2+, Equilibrium, Function, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Equation, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Model, Montmorillonite, Na-Bentonite, Ni2+, Nickel, pH, pH-Dependent, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Equation, Range, Regression, Removal, Rights, Solution, Sorption, Systems, Temperature, Waste, WaterTitle: Productions Animales (Paris)Full Journal Title: Productions Animales (Paris)ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Clement, F. and Bassecoulard, E. (2004), A bibliographic study about equine research. Productions Animales (Paris), 17 (1), 69-76.Abstract: In order to map the international landscape of equine research, a bibliometric study has been performed on the relevant literature published between 1998 and 2000. Data have been extracted both from the CAB abstracts from CAB International database and the Current Contents database from the Institute for Scientific Information. After unification of the two datasets, 6775 notices related to horses have been issued from scientific journals (64%), transfer publications (31%) or conference proceedings (6%). The topics of research interest have been indentified by am automatic clustering of the key-words. Pathology, locomotion-training, reproduction, nutrition, genetics, social sciences represent 56%, 17%, 11%7 5%, 4% and 4% of notices respectively. Behaviour, feral-donkeys species and doping represent 1% of notices each. A publication has been assigned to the countries of the contributing institutions. USA and EU represent the main producers with 40 and 36% of scientific articles. Besides the USA, the main producers of scientific articles are the United Kingdom (12.5%), Germany (6.3%), Japan (4.3%), Canada (3.8%), Australia (3.8%) and France (3.4%). However on the all production, France comes at the 4th rank because of the national oriented litterature. France is mainly involved in reproduction, social sciences and doping, so on the contrary, pathology and behaviour are less studied in France than in others countries. << Ile de France >> area accounts for 33.5% of french notices. The other important french areas for equine research are the Centre, Rhone-Alpes, Pays de Loire, Midi-Pyrenees and Basse-Normandie regions. No french town appears among the 25 leading towns because of the geographic spreading of equine research teams all over the country.Title: Profesional de la InformacionFull Journal Title: Profesional de la InformacionISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Rojo, R. and Gómez, I. (2006), An analysis of the scientific and technological output of the Spanish Information and Communication Technologies industry. Profesional de la Informacion, 15 (3), 190-201.Full Text: 2006\Pro In15, 190.pdfAbstract: This study presents a general view of the scientific and technological production in the ICT sector of the industry in Spain during the period 1996-2000 and its relative weight in the national production, through bibliometric techniques, with the aim of exploring the character of its outputs, both in terms of publications and patents, focusing the attention on the position and contribution of Spanish ICT scientific and technological capabilities. Indicators at macro-meso level are presented by: geographic region, thematic areas and enterprises. Results about scientific activity in companies show a very short commitment to R+D, low number of patents, scarce participation in international publications, as well as insufficient interaction between public and private sectors. Scientific production comes basically from I public sector (Universities and CSIC), while the technological activity is located in very few enterprises which patent mainly in the Spanish office. A closer look into Spanish regions reflects a high concentration in Madrid and Catalonia in publications; nevertheless, Navarra and Basque Country stand out in patents. Results reflect that Industry is not taking advantage of the public sector research efforts for its development.Keywords: Activity, Analysis, Attention, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Citations, Commitment, Concentration, Development, Enterprises, Flows, General, Information and Communication, Innovation, Interaction, Low, Output, Participation, Patents, Performance, Position, Production, Publications, Regions, Research, Science, Scientific Production, Spain, Spanish Regions, Techniques, Technological Activity, Technologies? de Moya-Anegón, F., Vargas-Quesada, B., Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Z., Corera-?lvarez, E., González-Molina, A., Mu?oz-Fernández, F.J. and Herrero-Solana, V. (2006), Visualizing and analyzing the Spanish science structure: ISI Web of science 1990-2005. Profesional de la Informacion, 15 (4), 258-269.Full Text: 2006\Pro In15, 258.pdfAbstract: This article presents the structure of Spanish science from 1990 to 2005. Based on ISI subject-category co-citation, including natural sciences, social sciences and arts & humanities, and combining both social network analysis (SNA) and pruning algorithms such as pathfinder-networks (Pfnet) and other information layout algorithms like Kama-dada-Kawai’s, the basic structure of Spanish science is shown through its essential relations. The results are bibliometric-maps (scientograms) revealing the macrostructure, microstructure and the backbone of Spanish science and making possible its analysis and explanation.Keywords: Analysis, Author Cocitation Analysis, Citation, Cocitation, Domain Analysis, Domains, Graphs, Information, Information Visualization, ISI, Maps, Microstructure, Natural, Networks, Science, Sciences, Scientific Output, Social, Social Network, Social Sciences, Spain, Structure? Aleixandre-Benavent, R., Valderrama-Zurián, J.C. and González-Alcaide, G. (2007), Scientific journals impact factor: Limitations and alternative indicators. Profesional de la Informacion, 16 (1), 4-11.Full Text: 2007\Pro In16, 4.pdfAbstract: Impact Factor measures the average number of times that articles published in the last two years are cited in the current year In spite of its limitations, the evaluation agencies of some countries like Spain use it in research assessment, generating a deep unease within some circles that consider its use inappropriate and indiscriminate. As all alternative to the Impact Factor of Thomson ISI, other indicators have been proposed, although none of them have achieved sufficient acceptance and widespread use to be systematically applied. Among Spanish initiatives, most notable are the Potential Impact Factor of The Spanish Medical Journals, developed by the Siniac team (Information systems and research activity indicators) from the Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentacion Lopez Pinero (Valencia, Spain), and the Indice de impacto de las revistas espanolas de ciencias sociales (In-Recs), developed by the EC3 research group at Library and Documentation department of Granada University (Spain).Keywords: Activity, Assessment, Behavior, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Indicators, Current, Evaluation, Group, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Index, Indicators, ISI, Journals, Limitations, Patterns, Research, Research Assessment, Spain, Team? (2007), The Hirsch h index: Its application to several of the most outstanding Spanish scientists. Profesional de la Informacion, 16 (1), 47-49Full Text: 2007\Pro In16, 47.pdfKeywords: h Index, h-Index, Hirsch? Costas, R. and Bordons, M. (2007), A critical view of the h-index: Observations based on a practical application. Profesional de la Informacion, 16 (5), 427-432.Full Text: 2007\Pro In16, 427.pdfAbstract: The possible use of h-index in the evaluation of individual researchers has raised great concern among policy-makers and scientists themselves. Research is needed to determine the advantages and limitations of this new indicator A study of publications in the Web of Science, 1994-2004, applied the h-index to researchers working in the natural resources area at the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). One of the findings presented is that the h-index detected the most outstanding scientists; however scientists who follow a selective publication strategy, publishing a relatively low number of documents that are frequently cited, could be penalized for this approach in h-index based evaluations. The authors emphasize the need to avoid the specific limitations of each indicator by combining indicators in the evaluation process.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation Analysis, Evaluation, h Index, h-Index, Indicator, Indicators, Publication, Publications, Publishing, Research Evaluation, Science Policy, Web of Science? Díaz-Pérez, M. and de Moya-Anegón, F. (2008), Patent analysis as a strategy for innovative decisionmaking. Profesional de la Informacion, 17 (3), 293-302.Full Text: 2008\Pro In17, 293.pdfAbstract: Applying metric analysis to the information contained in patent documentation has become one of the principal techniques for modeling technology scenarios for government, business and industry, research institutes, projects, etc. We propose using bibliometric indicators for patent research, identifying patterns and trends based on available technological evidence as well as detecting possible social networks in the “hidden web”, which permits effective decisionmaking in the research context. A case study is used to demonstrate these concepts, analysing the EU4 patents database and processing it with a tool developed by Pinar del Rio University. Ucinet software is used on occasion to map existing social networks. This makes it possible to produce results that demonstrate the relevance of patentometric studies to research projects, including the possibility of redirecting the objectives of a research project on the basis of this analysis.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Business, Case Study, Context, Database, Documentation, Evidence, Indicators, Information, Modeling, Networks, Patent, Patents, Relevance, Research, Scenarios, Social, Social Networks, Software, Techniques, Technology, Trends? Trillo-Domínguez, M. and de Moya-Anegón, F. (2008), A scientometric approach to communication search: The Marshall McLuhan case. Profesional de la Informacion, 17 (3), 303-309.Full Text: 2008\Pro In17, 303.pdfAbstract: The application of the Cameo (Characterizations: Automatically Made and Edited Online) bibliometric technique -one of the most advanced methodologies for the analysis and representation of information- to the research history 1 of Marshall McLuhan allows us to create a scientific portrait of this Canadian communications expert. The Cameo portrait identifies McLuhan’s professional and academic interests, the authors that most heavily influenced his wave-breaking theories and the evolution of his line of thought in current trends of Communication. By analysing the relational information of citations contained in articles about McLuhan in the ISI Web of Science, we were able to create a map of his intellectual sojourns, including signposts of the most influential authors in his professional career, along with a second representation that shows the “footprints” his writings have left in the world.Keywords: Analysis, Application, Approach, Bibliometric, Cameo, Citations, Communication, Communications, Evolution, History, Information, ISI, ISI Web of Science, Mcluhan, Methodologies, Representation, Research, Scientometric, Trends, Web of Science, World? Ruiz-Pérez, R., Jiménez-Contreras, E. and Delgado-López-Cózar, E. (2008), Thomson Scientific’s web-based bibliometric complements: Good and nice and free. Profesional de la Informacion, 17 (5), 559-563.Full Text: 2008\Pro In17, 559.pdfAbstract: The wide variety of bibliometric information resources offered for free by Thomson Scientific Science Match. coin are presented, and their major applications within scientific libraries are described.Keywords: Applications, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Essential Science Indicators, Libraries, Research Performance Measurement, RPM, Science, Sciencewatch. Com, Scientific Performance, Thomson Scientific? Delgado-López-Cózar, E., Jiménez-Contreras, E. and Ruiz-Pérez, R. (2009), Spain and the world’s 25 top science countries in figures (1992-2008). Profesional de la Informacion, 18 (1), 81-86.Full Text: 2009\Pro In18, 81.pdfAbstract: Production and citation rankings of the top 25 world science countries art, presented from the free data provided by Thomson Reuters in . The development of Spain is discussed in detail.Keywords: Art, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Data, Development, Essential Science Indicators, Nations, Rankings, Science, , Scientific Performance, Scientific Publication, Spain, Thomson Reuters, World? Scimago, G. (2009), Citation patterns of the journal El profesional de la information (EPI). Profesional de la Informacion, 18 (4), 433-436.Full Text: 2009\Pro In18, 433.pdfAbstract: Analysis of the citations received by the journal El profesional de la informacion (EPI) according to the databases ISI Science Citation Index (WoS) from Thomson Reuters, and Scopus from Elsevier which index the journal since 2006. There are three main groups (or themes) recognized, that potentially can generate citations: bibliometrics, medicine, and library and information science in Spanish.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Databases, El Profesional De La Information, EPI, Impact Factor, ISI, ISI Thomson Reuters, JCR, Library and Information Science, Science, Science Citation Index, Scimago Journal Rank, Scopus, SJR, Social SCI, Web of Science, WoS? Delgado-López-Cózar, E., Jiménez-Contreras, E. and Ruiz-Pérez, R. (2009), The Spanish science as seen through the Web of Science (1996-2007): The disciplines. Profesional de la Informacion, 18 (4), 437-443.Full Text: 2009\Pro In18, 437.pdfAbstract: From the information provided for free by Thomson Reuters in Science Watch. coin, production and citation data of the scientific disciplines are analyzed for Spain, determining the relative weight of each one both nationally, and internationally throughout the past 10 years.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Impact, National Science Indicators, Research Fields, Science, , Scientfic Perfrmance, Scientific Publication, Spain, Spain, Thomson Reuters, Web of Science? Torres-Salinas, D., Ruiz-Pérez, R. and Delgado-López-Cózar, E. (2009), Google Scholar as a tool for research assessment. Profesional de la Informacion, 18 (5), 501-510.Full Text: 2009\Pro In18, 501.pdfAbstract: Google Scholar is a search engine that specializes in scientific information and in the identification of the citations that academic papers receive, making it a strong competitor,for other citations indexes. For this reason, several studies have attempted to evaluate its capacity as a bibliometric tool. Due to this interest, we present an introduction to its use and the advantages and disadvantages versus Scopus and Web of Science. First, its way of collecting information and features of its interface are analyzed. The following section describes the results that Google Scholar generates. Thirdly, we analyze the coverage of information sources and the different document types to be found, showing how this coverage universe offers different citations versus other products. Finally, we specify the standardization problems of Google Scholar and offer a number of precautions that must be taken into account when. using Google Scholar as an evaluation tool.Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Bibliometrics Indicators, Citations, Citations, Cons, Coverage, Document Types, Evaluation, Google Academico, Google Scholar, Index, Indexes, Information, Interest, Papers, Pros, Research, Science, Scientific Information, Scientific Publications, Scopus, Scopus, Web of Science, Web-of-Science? Torres-Salinas, D. (2009), Bibliometric assessment of universities with Scival of Elsevier. Profesional de la Informacion, 18 (6), 669-674.Full Text: 2009\Pro In18, 669.pdfAbstract: Research, its management and its policies represent a major effort for Spanish universities but few of these institutions have a scientific information system with bibliometric indicators for decision making. Aware of this gap, Elsevier has launched Scival. It is a web platform intended to assess institutions through maps and indicators calculated from the Scopus database. In this article we review this new product. We first describe the scientific basis of the platform that is based on the works of Klavan and Bojack about co-citation maps of science and the identification of paradigms. Secondly we describe its interface and its utilities, paying particular attention to the so-called Wheel of science. Finally, we discuss some critical aspects of Scival.Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Elsevier, Maps of Science, Research, Science, Scientific Information Systems, Scival, Scopus, Universities? Michán-Aguirre, L., Calderón-Rojas, R., Nitxin-Casta?eda-Sortibrán, A. and Rodriguez-Arnaiz, R. (2010), Web applications for literature retrieval and analysis from PubMed. Profesional de la Informacion, 19 (3), 285-291.Full Text: 2010\Pro In19, 285.pdfAbstract: This paper analyzes the Web applications to manage literature in Biomedical Sciences. We identified, examined and described 28 academic utilities that perform automated analysis. They are user-friendly, and altogether provide better search, retrieval, management and meta-analysis (bibliometrics, network analyses and text mining) of PubMed literature in an efficient, automated, updated and systematized manner that facilitates the simultaneous handling of large quantities of paper records, making it possible for the user to choose the most relevant. All of these initiatives address the needs and challenges of bio-medical research in our time.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Google-Scholar, Network Analysis, Ontologies, Pubmed, Research, Search, Text Mining, Web? Torres-Salinas, D., Bordons, M., Giménez-Toledo, E., Delgado-López-Cózar, E., Jiménez-Contreras, E. and Sanz-Casado, E. (2010), Integrated scientific journals classification (CIRC): A proposal for categorization of journals in social sciences and humanities. Profesional de la Informacion, 19 (6), 675-683.Full Text: 2010\Pro In19, 675.pdfAbstract: A proposal for a qualitative classification of scientific journals specialized in social sciences and humanities is presented. The main objective of CIRC (in Spanish, “Clasificacion integrada de revistas cientificas”) is to become a tool to obtain bibliometrics indicators for different levels of aggregation based on the quality of publications. The ranking is the result of consensus of experts in the field of bibliometrics and research evaluation. The resulting classification consists of four groups of journals (gA, gB, gC, gD) configured according to the visibility of the journals; a fifth group of excellence was created with the most relevant journals (gEx). To create groups and determine quality of the journals, various lists and databases referenced in Cneai and Aneca standards were used. Finally, we illustrate the use of CIRC applying it to the scientific production of the departments of Social Sciences at the University of Granada.Keywords: Aneca, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Cneai, Databases, Evaluation, Field, Human Sciences, Indicators, Journal Classifications, Journals, Production, Publications, Quality of Publications, Rankings, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Performance, Sciences, Scientific Journals, Social Sciences? Torres-Salinas, D., Delgado-Lopez-Cozar, E., Garcia-Moreno-Torres, J. and Herrera, F. (2011), ISI rankings of universities in Spain by scientific field. Profesional de la Informacion, 20 (1), 111-118.Full Text: 2011\Pro In20, 111.pdfAbstract: The “ISI rankings of the spanish universities by scientific fields” report is described, and some of the results are presented. One of the essential characteristics of this new ranking, based on Thomson-Reuters products, is its organization into 12 fields of knowledge. The IFQ2A-Index indicator was used to sort the universities, synthesizing information from 6 bibliometric indicators. The results section presents some total indicators for the Spanish university system, showing a steady growth of scientific production but almost no change in the visibility of the journals. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the results shows the dominance of Catalan universities in the 12 fields of knowledge analyzed during the period 2005-2009.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Characteristics, Citation Analysis, Field, Growth, IFQ2A-Index, Indicator, Indicators, Information, ISI, Journals, Knowledge, Organization, Ranking, Rankings, Scientific Output, Scientific Production, Spain, Subject Domains, Thomson-Reuters, Universities, University, Visibility? Torres-Salinas, D., Garcia-Moreno-Torres, J., Robinson-Garcia, N., Delgado-Lopez-Cozar, E. and Herrera, F. (2011), ISI rankings of Spanish universities according to fields and scientific disciplines (2nd ed. 2011). Profesional de la Informacion, 20 (6), 701-709.Full Text: 2011\Pro In20, 701.pdfAbstract: The update of the ISI rankings of Spanish universities according to fields and scientific disciplines (2nd ed. 2011)15 presented. Specifically, in this second edition we focus on the inclusion of 19 new scientific disciplines and the creation of a dynamic new website. Various bibliometric analyses of the different rankings are also shown. Firstly, the updated data for the rankings on 12 scientific fields for the 2006-2010 period are presented focusing on the changes in the positions compared to the 2005-2009 period. Secondly, we present the results in the scientific disciplines during the 2006-2010 period, on the one hand for the Spanish university system as a whole, and on the other hand showing the major universities in 19 new disciplines. Finally we conclude that the 2nd edition of the ISI Rankings improves the global analysis of strengths and weaknesses in the Spanish higher education system and more precisely profiles the performance of Spanish universities in more specific areas.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation Analysis, Education, Hand, Higher Education, ISI, Rankings, Scientific Output, Spain, Spanish Universities, Subject Domains, Thomson-Reuters, Universities, UniversityTitle: Professional EngineeringFull Journal Title: Professional EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: Prof. Eng.JCR Abbreviated Title: Prof EngISSN: 0953-6639Issues/Year: 22Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Professional Engineering Publishing LtdPublisher Address: Northgate Avenue, Bury St Edmunds IP32 6BW, Suffolk, EnglandSubject Categories: Engineering, Mechanical: Impact Factor 0.031, /? (2003), SARS scare hits trade shows. Professional Engineering, 16 (8), 5.Title: Professional GeographerFull Journal Title: Professional GeographerISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Sun, S.P. and Manson, S.M. (2011), Social network analysis of the academic GIScience community. Professional Geographer, 63 (1), 18-33.Full Text: 2011\Pro Geo63, 18.pdfAbstract: There is mounting interest among scientists regarding the use of scientometric social network analysis, or quantitative analysis of the evolution of science as defined by individual researchers and the networks they form. Given that geographers have seldom used this approach compared to researchers in other fields, its implications for research and policy need to be assessed. We applied scientometric social network analysis to geographic information science (GIScience) to understand how the field has evolved over the last sixteen years and to assess the applicability of the standard logistic model of the growth of scientific disciplines. In particular, we examined collaboration in the field at multiple scales, namely, the evolution of the entire research network structure, the nature of subnetworks in defining geographic information science, and the roles individuals play within the community. By delineating how collaborations and research networks have evolved in GIScience, the study addresses the potential of scientometric social network analysis for geography.Keywords: Analysis, Approach, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Coauthorship Network, Coauthorship Networks, Collaboration, Collaborations, Community, Dynamics, Evolution, Field, Geographic Information, Geographic Information-Systems, Geography, GIS, Giscience Community, Growth, Information, Information Science, Journals, Model, Network, Network Analysis, Networks, Policy, Potential, Publication, Quantitative Analysis, Research, Scales, Science, Sciences, Scientific Collaboration, Scientometric, Scientometric Social Network Analysis, Social, Social Network Analysis, Standard, StructureTitle: Professional Psychology-Research and PracticeFull Journal Title: Professional Psychology-Research and PracticeISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Fisher, C.B. and Younggren, J.N. (1997), The value and utility of the 1992 ethics code. Professional Psychology-Research and Practice, 28 (6), 582-592.Full Text: 1997\Pro Psy-Res Pra28, 582.pdfAbstract: This article describes organizational and conceptual strengths of the current American psychological Association’s ethics code within the context of the diversity of activities in which psychologists are engaged and the constantly changing realities of professional and legal responsibilities. The article places into practical perspective (a) the revised format, choice of wording, and enforceability of the code: (b) protections for students, supervisees, research participants, and diverse groups: (c) requirements for informed consent to psychotherapy. continuity of care, and appropriate termination: (d) restrictions regarding multiple relations; and (e) standards particularly relevant to teaching, research, forensic, and managed care contexts. Discussion aims at assisting psychologists in using the ethical principles and standards to conduct their activities in morally responsible ways and avoid potential ethical violations.Keywords: Abuse, Activities, American-Psychological-Associations, Authorship Order, Care, Ethics, Guidelines, Informed Consent, Managed Care, Need, Professional, Psychological, Psychotherapy, Research, Researchers, Science, Sex, Standards, Students, TeachingTitle: Program-Automated Library and Information SystemsFull Journal Title: Program-Automated Library and Information SystemsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Aina, L.O. (1982), The use of SPSS for bibliometric study in Nigeria. Program-Automated Library and Information Systems, 16 (1), 35-38.Keywords: BibliometricTitle: Program-Electronic Library and Information SystemsFull Journal Title: Program-Electronic Library and Information SystemsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Tonta, Y. (2009), Preservation of scientific and cultural heritage in Balkan countries. Program-Electronic Library and Information Systems, 43 (4), 419-429.Abstract: Purpose-The peoples living in the Balkan Peninsula over centuries have created a very rich cultural heritage and the constant political upheavals in the region have affected the development and preservation of their cultures. This paper aims to review the internet infrastructure and networked readiness levels of the Balkan countries, which are conducive to scientific co-operation and preservation of digitised cultural heritage. It also explores the destructive effects of wars on the cultural riches of the region. Design/methodology/approach - The internet facilities and the scientific production of the Balkan countries were identified using published sources and Thomson’s Web of Science database. A game-theoretic approach was used to expound the consequences of wars and the adverse effects of the nation-building process on cultural heritage artefacts. Findings - Balkan countries lack sound internet infrastructures, hindering their contributions to the world of science and stifling scientific co-operation among themselves in terms of joint papers. The co-ordinated efforts have yet to exist to streamline the digital preservation of the unique cultural heritage of the Balkan countries. Originality/value - This paper discusses the impact of the nation-building process on cultural and scientific heritage artefacts using the concepts of the “game theory”. It reinforces the fact that destroying the cultural heritage artefacts during wars is not a “zero-sum game” in which the dominant culture wins and the “other” culture loses. It is not even a “lose-lose game” in which both parties lose. Rather, humanity loses part of its whole cultural heritage forever.Keywords: Adverse Effects, Culture, Development, Digital Storage, Game Theory, Heritage, Impact, Internet, Joint, Libraries, Papers, Review, Science, Scientific Production, Web of ScienceTitle: Progress in Biochemistry and BiophysicsFull Journal Title: Progress in Biochemistry and BiophysicsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Yang, H. and Lun, Z.J. (2006), A citation analysis of Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 2000 similar to 2005. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 33 (6), 596-601.Abstract: With the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Journal Citation Reports(JCR), the amount and distribution of the originals in Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics, which were cited by the journals included by SCIE, were analyzed according to method of citation analysis. The average cited number of original articles cited by other researchers is 1.70. The cited authors are from 23 provinces and from other countries. Beijing, Hunan, and Guangdong province are in the front of most cited author’s areas. The most frequently cited institute was Xiangya School of Medicine at Central South University. There are 115 citing journals.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Impact, Journals, Progress In Biochemistry and BiophysicsTitle: Progress in Cardiovascular DiseasesFull Journal Title: Progress in Cardiovascular DiseasesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Arsenian, M.A. (1993), Magnesium and cardiovascular-disease. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 35 (4), 271-310.Keywords: Acute Myocardial-Infarction, Ischemic-Heart-Disease, Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia, Cardiac Purkinje-Fibers, Mitral-Valve Prolapse, Intracellular Free Magnesium, Vascular Smooth-Muscle, Coronary-Artery Spasm, High Blood-Pressure, Care Unit PatientsTitle: Progress in ChemistryFull Journal Title: Progress in ChemistryISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1005-281XIssues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Liu, R.X., Tang, H.X. and Lo, W.H. (2002), Advances in biosorption mechanism and equilibrium modeling for heavy metals on biomaterials. Progress in Chemistry, 14 (2), 87-92.Full Text: 2002\Pro Che14, 87.pdfAbstract: The biosorption properties of various biomaterals for metal ions have been widely investigated. The biosorption mechanism and equilibrium modeling of metal ions on biomass are reviewed, and the development tendency in this field is also elucidated.Keywords: Biosorption Mechanism, Adsorption Modeling, Heavy Metals, Dilute Aqueous-Solutions, Multicomponent Adsorption, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Pseudomonas-Aeruginosa, Chlorella-Vulgaris, Biomass, Cadmium, Binding, Lead, Sorption? Li, C.R., Feng, Y.S. and Yang, Q.H. (2006), The research progress of mesoporous alumina. Progress in Chemistry, 18 (11), 1482-1488.Full Text: 2006\Pro Che18, 1482.pdfAbstract: Surface areas exceeding 350m2/g, pore sizes ranging from 2 to 50nm and with a narrow pore size distribution are characteristics of mesoporous alumina(MA). The new kind of lacunaris alumina shows a certain potential in catalysis, and appears very challenging for material application. Recent advances in the field of mesoporous alumina is reviewed with 64 references. Various synthesis approaches including neutral, anionic and cationic routes, characterization of structure by various experimental techniques including XRD, N-2-sorption isotherms, TEM and Al-27 MAS NMR, and their applications in catalysis and adsorption are discussed in detail. The development trend in this field is also elucidated.Keywords: Mesoporous Alumina, Synthesis, Catalysis, Adsorption, Transmission Electron-Microscopy, Surfactant-Templating Route, Sol-Gel Synthesis, Molecular-Sieves, Rhenium Oxide, Catalyst Support, Dodecyl-Sulfate, Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts, Structural-Characterization, Cationic SurfactantsTitle: Progress in Clinical and Biological ResearchFull Journal Title: Progress in Clinical and Biological ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Prog. Clin. Biol. Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Prog Clin Biol ResISSN: 0361-7742Issues/Year: 10Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Wiley-Liss, IncPublisher Address: 605 Third Ave, New York, NY 10158-0012Subject Categories: Biology: Impact FactorMedicine, Research & Experimental: Impact Factor? Vartiainen, T., Lampelo, S. and Kauranen, P. (1990), Mutagenicity of drinking waters in Finland. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, 340E, 1-9.Title: Progress in CommunicationFull Journal Title: Progress in CommunicationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Small, H. (1982), Citation context analysis. Progress in Communication, 3, 287-310.Title: Progress in Convergence: Technologies for Human WellbeingFull Journal Title: Progress in Convergence: Technologies for Human WellbeingISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Herr, B.W., Huang, W.X., Penumarthy, S. and Borner, K. (2006), Designing highly flexible and usable cyberinfrastructures for convergence. Progress in Convergence: Technologies for Human Wellbeing, 1093, 161-179.Abstract: This article presents the results of a 7-year-long quest into the development of a ‘dream tool’ for our research in information science and scientometrics and more recently, network science. The results are two cyberinfrastructures (0): The Cyberinfrastructure for Information Visualization and the Network Workbench that enjoy a growing national and interdisciplinary user community. Both CIs use the cyberinfrastructure shell (CIShell) software specification, which defines interfaces between data sets and algorithms/services and provides a means to bundle them into powerful tools and (Web) services. In fact, CIShell might be our major contribution to progress in convergence. Just as Wikipedia is an ‘empty shell’ that empowers lay persons to share text, a CIShell implementation is an ‘empty shell’ that empowers user communities to plug-and-play, share, compare and combine data sets, algorithms, and compute resources across national and disciplinary boundaries. It is argued here that CIs will not only transform the way science is conducted but also will play a major role in the diffusion of expertise, data sets, algorithms, and technologies across multiple disciplines and business sectors leading to a more integrative science.Keywords: Algorithms, Analysis, Communities, Community, Cyberinfrastructure, Data Models, Development, Diffusion, Environment, Extensibility, Flexibility, Implementation, Information, Information Science, Interdisciplinary, Interfaces, Network Science, Networks, Osgi, Plug-In, Research, Role, Science, Scientometrics, Shell, Software, Technologies, Tools, UsabilityTitle: Progress in Energy and Combustion ScienceFull Journal Title: Progress in Energy and Combustion ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: Prog. Energy Combust. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: Prog Energ CombustISSN: 0360-1285Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, EnglandSubject Categories: Thermodynamics Energy & Fuels: Impact Factor 3.061, / (2002)Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 1.694, 5/117 (2000); Impact Factor 3.061, 3/126 (2002)Engineering, Mechanical: Impact Factor 3.061, / (2002)McKay, G. (1977), The gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 3, 105-126.Full Text: P\Pro Ene Com Sci3, 105.pdfAbstract: Various aspects of the oxidation of hydrocarbons in the temperature range 300–800 K have been considered. The characteristics of the combustion reactions have been reviewed with special attention to the unusual properties of cool flames.The theories of combustion have been summarized and this work was followed by an investigation of such kinetic and thermochemical data as were available on alkyl radical-oxygen reactions. The data have been used to interpret and emphasize the important mechanistic trends in the field of hydrocarbon oxidation over a wide temperature range. Whilst considerable progress has been made into understanding combustion theory, more kinetic information is required to interpret many of the combustion phenomena observed experimentally.? Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2010), A review on the utilization of fly ash. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 36 (3), 327-363.Full Text: 2010\Pro Ene Com Sci36, 327.pdfAbstract: Fly ash, generated during the combustion of coal for energy production, is an industrial by-product which is recognized as an environmental pollutant. Because of the environmental problems presented by the fly ash, considerable research has been undertaken on the subject worldwide. In this paper, the utilization of fly ash in construction, as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of organic compounds, flue gas and metals, light weight aggregate, mine back fill, road sub-base, and zeolite synthesis is discussed. A considerable amount of research has been conducted using fly ash for adsorption of NOx, SOx, organic compounds, and mercury in air, dyes and other organic compounds in waters. It is found that fly ash is a promising adsorbent for the removal of various pollutants. The adsorption capacity of fly ash may be increased after chemical and physical activation. It was also found that fly ash has good potential for use in the construction industry. The conversion of fly ash into zeolites has many applications such as ion exchange, molecular sieves, and adsorbents. Converting fly ash into zeolites not only alleviates the disposal problem but also converts a waste material into a marketable commodity. Investigations also revealed that the unburned carbon component in fly ash plays an important role in its adsorption capacity. Future research in these areas is also discussed. ? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid-Mine Drainage, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Air, Capacity, Carbon, Chemical, Coal, Combustion, Construction, Construction Industry, Cross-Flow Microfiltration, Density Gradient Centrifugation, Disposal, Dye, Dyes, Energy, Environmental, Environmental Problems, Equilibrium Isotherm Analyses, Fly Ash, Granular Activated Carbon, Heavy Metals, Incorporating High Volumes, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Low Cost, Low Cost Adsorbent, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Mercury, Metals, NO, Organic, Organic Compounds, Organics, Physical, Physical Activation, Pollutants, Potential, Removal, Research, Review, Rice Husk Ash, Rights, Road, Role, Roller-Compacted Concrete, Sub-Base, Sugar-Industry Waste, Synthesis, Utilization, Waste, Wastewater, Waters, Zeolite, ZeolitesTitle: Progress in Environmental Science and TechnologyFull Journal Title: Progress in Environmental Science and TechnologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? De Martino, A., Addorisio, V., Sannino, F., Iorio, M. and Capasso, R. (2009), Potential remediation of waters contaminated with pesticides by sorption on recycled organic matter. Progress in Environmental Science and Technology, 2 (A-B), 1113-1121.Abstract: Polymerin is a cheap bio-sorbent recovered from olive oil mill wastes, that shows to be versatile to sorb ionic and ionisable pesticides dissolved in simulated waste waters. In particular, kinetic studies and sorption isotherms showed MCPA to be sorbed more rapidly and efficiently than simazine. MCPA showed a K-d value on polymerin very similar to that of 2,4-D (335 L.kg-1), but higher than cyhalofop acid (194 L.kg-1), being K-d of the latter two herbicides previously reported. These data are in accordance with the chemical structure of the three pesticides. In fact, cyhalofop acid is a complex molecule and consequently the formation of H-bonding is more difficult due to the large hindrance. K-d of simazine was lower than that of paraquat (328 L.kg-1) because this molecule is sorbed on polymerin mainly by ionic exchange, with respect to a prevalent H-bounding interaction of simazine. The decontamination process of simulated waste waters with the selected individual herbicides by cyclic sorption on polymerin reveal to be completely efficient with regard to paraquat, in native conditions, but it requires to be more long investigated for the other considered herbicides. Therefore, actually we can propose polymerin as a potential component of biomassbed for the decontamination of paraquat originating from point sources.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Atrazine, Behavior, Biosorbent, Chemical, Data, Decontamination, Dissolved, Herbicides, Herbicides, Interaction, Ionic Exchange, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, MCPA, Model, Pesticides, Point, Point Source Decontamination, Point Sources, Polymerin, Polymerin, Potential, Remediation, Simazine, Soil, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Sources, Structure, Value, Waste, Waste Waters, Waste-Water, Waters? Li, N., Xiong, X.L. and Chen, S.M. (2009), Studies on adsorption behaviors of aniline onto gamma-cyclodextrin polymer. Progress in Environmental Science and Technology, 2 (A-B), 1331-1336.Abstract: gamma-Cyclodextrin polymer (gamma-CDP) was prepared and characterized. The adsorption behaviors of gamma-CDP for aniline from aqueous solution were investigated based on the kinetic and thermodynamic. The influences of adsorption conditions including contact time, initial concentration and pH on adsorption capability were ,discussed. Results of batch experiments showed that this adsorbent,exhibited some sorption capacities toward aniline. It was found that kinetic followed a pseudo-second order (Ho and McKay) equation, suggesting that the rate-limiting step may be chemisorption. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed according to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equations. The D-R isotherm gave the best correlation for the adsorption of aniline on gamma-CDP. The calculated Gibbs free energy change values were -16.40 (285 K), -14.53 (303 K) kJ.mol-1, which indicated the spontaneous nature of adsorption.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capability, Aniline, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Batch Experiments, Beta-Cyclodextrin, Chemisorption, Concentration, Correlation, Cyclodextrin Polymer, D-R Isotherm, Data, Dyes, Energy, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Experiments, Freundlich, Gibbs Free Energy, Isotherm, Kinetic, Langmuir, Models, pH, Polymer, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Limiting Step, Rate-Limiting Step, Removal, Solution, Sorption, Spontaneous, Thermodynamic? Liu, S.Y., Gao, J., Qu, B., Yang, Y.J. and Xin, X. (2009), Study on adsorption of Cr3+ on steel slag by using batch experiments. Progress in Environmental Science and Technology, 2 (A-B), 1663-1667.Abstract: Batch experiments were carried out to investigate heavy metal ions adsorption properties of steel slag, the results showed that steel slag could be used as an effective adsorbent to removal heavy metals such as Cr(3+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+) and Zn(2+) from the aqueous solution. For the heavy metal Cr(3+), the removal yield increased with increasing contact time and reached the equilibrium state Within 1 h; The removal of Cr(3+) increased from 44% to 99%,at the rang of steel slag particle size from 2.5 mesh to 80 mesh, but go on decreasing the steel slag size, the removal of Cr(3+) did not almost change; The equilibrium data fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich model, However, the correlation coefficients determined for linear Freundlich models were higher than those of others.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous-Solutions, Copper, Equilibrium, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Husk, Ions, Lead, Metal-Ions, Model, Prediction, Removal, Sawdust, Single, Slag, Steel Slag, WaterTitle: Progress in Human GeographyFull Journal Title: Progress in Human GeographyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Gutierrez, J. and Lopez-Nieva, P. (2001), Are international journals of human geography really international? Progress in Human Geography, 25 (1), 53-69.Abstract: The aim of this article is to research the extent to which ‘international journals’ of human geography are really international. The analysis is based on the affiliation data (work centre) of the authors of articles and of members of editorial boards of a group of international journals; the results so obtained are related to the impact factors of these journals. The indicators used show that human geography journals in general have still not attained a high degree of internationalization. This may be interpreted as a sign of fragmentation within the discipline: human geographers do not constitute a proper international scientific community or, rather, a global community that makes use of certain common media of expression (international journals) but are fragmented into national or regional (linguistic) communities.Keywords: Affiliation, Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric Analysis, Editorial Boards, Human Geography, Impact, Impact Factors, Indicators, International Journals, Internationalization, Journals, Research? Reed, M.G. and George, C. (2011), Where in the world is environmental justice? Progress in Human Geography, 35 (6), 835-842.Full Text: 2011\Pro Hum Geo35, 835.pdfAbstract: In recent years, scholars have noted a broadening of environmental justice research, both geographically and conceptually, to include global issues that expand beyond the spatial distributions of environmental ‘goods’ and ‘bads’ to include other dimensions including recognition, participation, and capabilities. The purpose of this report is to consider how this broadening has influenced research topics and themes, the geographic locations of researchers, and the future course of environmental justice research. We searched for articles identifying environmental justice as a keyword from 2000 to 2009 in Scopus, Web of Science, and GeoBase. While the number of articles published looking at environmental justice has increased over the past decade, our search contradicts the previous claims that environmental justice research has greatly expanded conceptually or geographically beyond its traditional origins. Our findings show that environmental justice research remains firmly rooted in the United States, focusing on the distributional aspects of environmental harms. We introduce alternative research methodologies that can be used to inform a more holistic and just approach to research in this area.Keywords: Alternative, Capabilities, Environmental, Environmental Justice, Geographies, Governance, Knowledge, Movement, Participation, Politics, Power, Recognition, Research, Research Methodologies, Research Topics, Researchers, Science, Scopus, Topics, Traditional, United States, Web of ScienceTitle: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological PsychiatryFull Journal Title: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological PsychiatryISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Berger, W., Mendlowicz, M.V., Marques-Portella, C., Kinrys, G., Fontenelle, L.F., Marmar, C.R. and Figueira, I. (2009), Pharmacologic alternatives to antidepressants in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 33 (2), 169-180.Abstract: The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for PTSD. However, even when treated with this class of drugs, response rates rarely exceed 60% and less than 20-30% of the patients achieve full remission. The aim of this study was to address this limitation by systematically reviewing the options left for the treatment of PTSD when patients do not respond satisfactorily to or tolerate SSRIs. A systematic review covering all original articles, letters and brief reports published in any language until October 2008 was conducted through searches in the ISI/Web of Science, PUBMED and PILOTS databases. The search terms included the pharmacological class of each agent or its generic name plus “PTSD” or “stress disorder” in the title, in the abstract or as a keyword. Sixty-three articles were selected, covering the following categories: Antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, adrenergic-inhibiting agents, opioid antagonists, benzodiazepines and other agents. None of the identified agents reached the level A of scientific evidence, 5 reached level B, 7 level C and 13 level D. The non-antidepressant agent with the strongest scientific evidence supporting its use in PTSD is risperidone, which can be envisaged as an effective add-on therapy when patients did not fully benefit from previous treatment with SSRIs. Prazosin, an adrenergic-inhibiting agent, is a promising alternative for cases of PTSD where nightmares and insomnia are prominent symptoms. So far, there is no consistent empirical support for using benzodiazepines in the prevention or in the treatment of PTSD, although these drugs could alleviate some associated non-specific symptoms, such as insomnia or anxiety. Further controlled clinical trials and meta-analysis are needed to guide clinicians in their search of effective pharmacological alternatives to antidepressants in PTSD. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adjunctive Risperidone Treatment, Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Anxiety, Case Series, Clinical Trials, Combat-Related Ptsd, Controlled Clinical Trials, Databases, Disorder, Double-Blind, Drugs, Insomnia, Meta-Analysis, Open-Label, Opioid, Pharmacologic Treatment, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Prevention, Ptsd, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Rating-Scale, Refractory, Remission, Review, Reviewing, Risperidone, Science, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Serotonin, Sleep Disturbances, Stress, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment, Treatment-Resistant? Freitas-Ferrari, M.C., Hallak, J.E.C., Trzesniak, C., Santos, A., hado-de-Sousa, J.P., Chagas, M.H.N., Nardi, A.E. and Crippa, J.A.S. (2010), Neuroimaging in social anxiety disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 34 (4), 565-580.Abstract: Brain imaging techniques allow the in vivo evaluation of the human brain, leading to a better understanding of its anatomical, functional and metabolic substrate. The aim of this current report is to present a systematic and critical review of neuroimaging findings in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). A literature review was performed in the PUBMED MEDLINE, Scielo and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: ‘MRI’, ‘functional’, ‘tomography’, ‘PET’, ‘SPECT’, ‘spectroscopy’, ‘relaxometry’, ‘tractography’ and ‘voxel’ crossed one by one with the terms ‘social anxiety’ and ‘social phobic’, with no limit of time. We selected 196 articles and 48 of them were included in our review. Most of the included studies have explored the neural response to facial expressions of emotion, symptoms provocation paradigms, and disorder-related abnormalities in dopamine or serotonin neurotransmission. The most coherent finding among the brain imaging techniques reflects increased activity in limbic and paralimbic regions in SAD. The predominance of evidence implicating the amygdala strengthens the notion that it plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of SAD. The observation of alterations in pre-frontal regions and the reduced activity observed in striatal and parietal areas show that much remains to be investigated within the complexity of SAD. Interesting, follow-up designed studies observed a decrease in perfusion in these same areas after either by pharmacological or psychological treatment. The medial prefrontal cortex provided additional support for a corticolimbic model of SAD pathophysiology, being a promising area to investigation. Furthermore, the dopaminergic and GABAergic hypotheses seem directed related to its physiopathology. The present review indicates that neuroimaging has contributed to a better understanding of the neurobiology of SAD. Although there were several methodological differences among the studies, the global results have often been consistent, reinforcing the evidence of a specific cerebral circuit involved in SAD, formed by limbic and cortical areas. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Amygdala, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Anxiety, Brain, Cerebral-Blood-Flow, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Databases, Disorder, Dopamine, Dsm-Iv Disorders, Emotion, Evaluation, Follow-Up, Functional, Human, Imaging, In Vivo, Literature, Literature Review, Magnetic-Resonance-Spectroscopy, Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Model, MRI, National Comorbidity Survey, Neuroimaging, Observation, Pathophysiology, Perfusion, PET, Phobic Disorders, Positron-Emission-Tomography, Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder, Prefrontal Cortex, Psychological, Pubmed, Resting Brain Perfusion, Review, Sad, Science, Serotonin, Social, Social Anxiety, Social Phobia, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Web of Science? Fava, G.A. and Offidani, E. (2011), The mechanisms of tolerance in antidepressant action. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 35 (7), 1593-1602.Full Text: 2011\Pro Neu-Psy Bio Psy35, 1593.pdfAbstract: There is increasing awareness that, in some cases, long-term use of antidepressant drugs (AD) may enhance the biochemical vulnerability to depression and worsen its long-term outcome and symptomatic expression, decreasing both the likelihood of subsequent response to pharmacological treatment and the duration of symptom-free periods. A review of literature suggesting potential side effects during long treatment with antidepressant drugs was performed. Studies were identified electronically using the following databases: Medline, Cinahl, PsychInfo, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Each database was searched from its inception date to April 2010 using “tolerance”, “withdrawal”, “sensitization”, “antidepressants” and “switching” as key words. Further, a manual search of the psychiatric literature has been performed looking for articles pointing to paradoxical effects of antidepressant medications. Clinical evidence has been found indicating that even though antidepressant drugs are effective in treating depressive episodes, they are less efficacious in recurrent depression and in preventing relapse. In some cases, antidepressants have been described inducing adverse events such as withdrawal symptoms at discontinuation, onset of tolerance and resistance phenomena and switch and cycle acceleration in bipolar patients. Unfavorable long-term outcomes and paradoxical effects (depression inducing and symptomatic worsening) have also been reported. All these phenomena may be explained on the basis of the oppositional model of tolerance. Continued drug treatment may recruit processes that oppose the initial acute effect of a drug. When drug treatment ends, these processes may operate unopposed, at least for some time and increase vulnerability to relapse. Antidepressant drugs are crucial in the treatment of major depressive episodes. However, appraisal and testing of the oppositional model of tolerance may yield important insights as to long-term treatment and achievement of enduring effects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Achievement, Acute, Adverse Events, Antidepressant Drugs, Antidepressants, Awareness, Bipolar Disorder, Cochrane, Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment, Databases, Depression, Drug, Drugs, Literature, Long-Term Outcome, Major Depressive Disorder, Mechanisms, Model, Monoamine-Oxidase Inhibitor, Oppositional Tolerance, Outcome, Outcomes, Panic Disorder, Patients, Randomized Clinical-Trial, Recurrent Affective-Disorder, Relapse, Resistance, Review, Science, Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Side Effects, Star-Asterisk-D, Switch, Symptoms, Term Fluoxetine Treatment, Treatment, Vulnerability, Web of Science, Withdrawal SyndromeTitle: Progress in Organic CoatingsFull Journal Title: Progress in Organic CoatingsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Singh, V., Joung, D., Zhai, L., Das, S., Khondaker, S.I. and Seal, S. (2011), Graphene based materials: Past, present and future. Progress in Materials Science, 56 (8), 1178-1271.Full Text: 2011\Pro Mat Sci56, 1178.pdfAbstract: Graphene, a two dimensional monoatomic thick building block of a carbon allotrope, has emerged as an exotic material of the 21st century, and received world-wide attention due to its exceptional charge transport, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties. Graphene and its derivatives are being studied in nearly every field of science and engineering. Recent progress has shown that the graphene-based materials can have a profound impact on electronic and optoelectronic devices, chemical sensors, nanocomposites and energy storage. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive scientific progress of graphene to date and evaluate its future perspective. Various synthesis processes of single layer graphene, graphene nanoribbons, chemically derived graphene, and graphene-based polymer and nano particle composites are reviewed. Their structural, thermal, optical, and electrical properties were also discussed along with their potential applications. The article concludes with a brief discussion on the impact of graphene and related materials on the environment, its toxicological effects and its future prospects in this rapidly emerging field. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Keywords: Chemically Derived Graphene, Lithium-Ion Batteries, Exfoliated Graphite Oxide, Solution-Processable Graphene, Carbon Nanotube Electrodes, Sensitized Solar-Cells, Single-Layer Graphene, Field-Effect Transistors, In-Situ Polymerization, High-Quality GrapheneTitle: Progress in Organic CoatingsFull Journal Title: Progress in Organic CoatingsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Roesler, R.R. and Danielmeier, K. (2004), Tris-3-(1-aziridino)propionates and their use in formulated products. Progress in Organic Coatings, 50 (1), 1-27.Full Text: P\Pro Org Coa50, 1.pdfAbstract: An overview concerning tris-3-(1-aziridino)propionate chemistry and their uses are given. The overview is based on an exhaustive literature search, which covers the chemical literature up to March 2002, and concentrates on the three most commercially significant tris-3-(1-aziridino)propionate crosslinkers: trimethylolpropane tris-(1-(2-methyl)aziridino)propionate (TTMAP), trimethylolpropane tris-3-(1-aziridinopropionate) (TTAP) and pentaerythritol tris-3-(1-aziridinopropionate) (PTAP). A bibliometric analysis showed that publication of articles and patents has been increasing, which demonstrates an increasing interest in this technology. Two hundred and sixty articles and patents have been published since 1952; half of the them, since 1993. One hundred and twenty-eight corporations and organizations have published articles and patents. Minnesota Mining and Mfg. Co. (17), Konica Co. (15), Eastman Kodak (13) and DuPont (12) are the companies with the most patents.Applications that use tris-1-aziridinopropionate crosslinkers include adhesives, formulated coatings––primers, intermediate coats and topcoats, unformulated primers using a tris-3-(1-aziridino)propionate crosslinker as the sole ingredient, photographic film coatings, inks, thermal imaging and fabric coatings.Polymer coreactants that have been used with tris-3-(1-aziridino)propionate crosslinkers include polyacrylate copolymers––solutions and dispersions, maleic acid–styrene copolymers, polyvinyl copolymers, polyolefins, polyurethane polymers––solutions and dispersions and biopolymers including polysaccharides and proteinacious gelatins.Keywords: Polyaziridine, Crosslinking, Bibliometrics, Coatings, AdhesivesTitle: Progress in PhotovoltaicsFull Journal Title: Progress in PhotovoltaicsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Fthenakis, V. and Alsema, E. (2006), Photovoltaics energy payback times, greenhouse gas emissions and external costs: 2004 - early 2005 status. Progress in Photovoltaics, 14 (3), 275-280.Full Text: 2006\Pro Pho14, 275.pdfAbstract: Life cycle assessments and external cost estimates of photovoltaics have been often based on old data that do not reflect the extensive technological progress made over the past decade. Our assessment uses current (2004-early 2005) manufacturing data, from twelve European and US photovoltaic companies, and establishes the Energy Payback Times (EPBT), Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and external environmental costs of current commercial PV technologies. Estimates of external costs are about 70% lower than those in recent high-impact publications which were derived from the old data. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Assessment, Cost, Energy, Energy Payback, External Costs, Greenhouse Emissions, Life Cycle, Photovoltaics, Publications, USTitle: Progress in Polymer ScienceFull Journal Title: Progress in Polymer ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0079-6700Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Tomalia, D.A. (2004), Birth of a new macromolecular architecture: Dendrimers as quantized building blocks for nanoscale synthetic polymer chemistry. Progress in Polymer Science, 30 (3-4), 294-324.Full Text: 2004\Pro Pol Sci30, 294.pdfAbstract: This review is introduced by an examination of the historical roles that quantized building blocks, such as atoms and monomers have played in the development of small molecule and traditional polymer synthesis, respectively. The unique features of traditional macromolecular architectures (i.e. linear, crosslinked, branched), as well as controlled nanostructures in biology were used as frames of reference to anticipate potential new properties, phenomena and synthetic constructs that should be expected to emerge at the interface of the ‘dendritic architectural state’ with the nanotechnology revolution. Intrinsic new properties associated with the ‘dendritic architectural state’, such as the ability to control monodisperse nanoscale sizes, shapes and presentation of surface functionality are reviewed. Unique ‘dendritic effects’ related to de Gennes dense packing (i.e. unimolecular encapsulation, periodic nanocontainer properties), polyvalency (nanoscaffolding), as well as shape designing both within (i.e. cystamine core dendrimers) and beyond dendrimers (i.e. core–shell tecto(dendrimers)) to mimic biological proteins are described. The precise, quantized core–shell architectural properties and monomer shell filling features of dendrimers are compared to the electron shell filling patterns of elemental atoms by utilizing the Niels Bohr Periodic Table. This comparison has provided a rationale for explaining autoreactivity patterns observed at the sub-nanoscale (atoms), lower nanoscale (dendrimers) and higher nanoscale levels involving either unsaturated electron shells, monomer shells or dendrimer shells, respectively. Clearly, dendritic polymers, especially dendrons and dendrimers are expected to fulfill important roles as fundamental, reactive modules for nanoscale polymer syntheses.Keywords: Dendrimers, Dendrons, Dendrigrafts, Dendritic Polymers, Core–Shell Tecto(Dendrimers), PAMAM; Poly(Amidoamine), Divergent Synthesis, Dendritic State, Megamers, Nanoscale Synthesis, Nanobuilding Blocks? Crini, G. (2005), Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Progress in Polymer Science, 30 (1), 38-70.Full Text: 2005\Pro Pol Sci30, 38.pdfAbstract: The chemical contamination of water from a wide range of toxic derivatives, in particular heavy metals, aromatic molecules and dyes, is a serious environmental problem owing to their potential human toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies that can remove toxic pollutants found in wastewaters. Among all the treatments proposed, adsorption is one of the more popular methods for the removal of pollutants from the wastewater. Adsorption is a procedure of choice for treating industrial effluents, and a useful tool for protecting the environment. In particular, adsorption on natural polymers and their derivatives are known to remove pollutants from water. The increasing number of publications on adsorption of toxic compounds by modified polysaccharides shows that there is a recent increasing interest in the synthesis of new low-cost adsorbents used in wastewater treatment. The present review shows the recent developments in the synthesis of adsorbents containing polysaccharides, in particular modified biopolymers derived from chitin, chitosan, starch and cyclodextrin. New polysaccharide based-materials are described and their advantages for the removal of pollutants from the wastewater discussed. The main objective of this review is to provide recent information about the most important features of these polymeric materials and,to show the advantages gained from the use of adsorbents containing modified biopolymers in waste water treatment. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Polysaccharides, Biopolymers, Chitin, Chitosan, Starch, Cyclodextrin, Networks, Crosslinking, Grafting, Hybrid Materials, Adsorption, Adsorbents, Pollutants, Cross-Linked Chitosan, Beta-Cyclodextrin Polymer, Solid-Phase Extraction, Metal Hydroxide Sludge, Nonporous Glass-Beads, Azo Reactive Dyes, Aqueous-Solution, Activated Carbon, Heavy-Metals, Adsorption Properties? Crini, G. and Badot, P.M. (2008), Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption processes using batch studies: A review of recent literature. Progress in Polymer Science, 33 (4), 399-447.Full Text: 2008\Pro Pol Sci33, 399.pdfAbstract: Application of chitinous products in wastewater treatment has received considerable attention in recent years in the literature. In particular, the development of chitosan-based materials as useful adsorbent polymeric matrices is an expanding field in the area of adsorption science. This review highlights some of the notable examples in the use of chitosan and its grafted and crosslinked derivatives for dye removal from aqueous solutions. It summarizes the key advances and results that have been obtained in their decolorizing application as biosorbents. The review provides a summary of recent information obtained using batch studies and deals with the various adsorption mechanisms involved. The effects of parameters such as the chitosan characteristics, the process variables, the chemistry of the dye and the solution conditions used in batch studies on the biosorption capacity and kinetics are presented and discussed. The review also summarizes and attempts to compare the equilibrium and kinetic models, and the thermodynamic studies reported for biosorption onto chitosan. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Chitosan, Biosorption, Dyes, Batch Process, Modeling and Thermochemistry of Biosorption, Chemically-Modified Chitosan, Indigo Carmine Dye, Waste-Water, Anionic Dyes, Acid Dyes, P-Nitrophenol, Reactive Dye, Metal-Ions, Sorption Isotherms, Soluble ChitosansTitle: Progress in Reaction Kinetics and MechanismFull Journal Title: Progress in Reaction Kinetics and MechanismISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0079-6700Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Tian, Y.A., Yin, P., Qu, R.J., Ji, C.N., Sun, Y.Z., Xu, Q.A. and Yu, Z.X. (2010), Kinetic investigation of silica gel chemically modified by ethylenediamine bis(methylene phosphonic acid) for adsorption of Au(III). Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism, 35 (4), 404-416.Full Text: 2010\Pro Rea Kin Mec35, 404.pdfAbstract: A novel hybrid material, silica gel chemically modified by ethylenediamine bis(methylene phosphonic acid) (denoted as SH-E-P), has been developed, and FT-IR analysis demonstrated that methylene phosphonic acid groups had been grafted successfully onto the surface of the silica gel. A detailed kinetic investigation of the adsorption of Au(III) onto SH-E-P is reported in this study. The results showed that SH-E-P could reach its saturation adsorption capacity within 4h, with an excellent adsorption capacity for Au(III) of 453.83 mg g-1 when the initial solution concentration was 2.0 mmol L-1 at 35?C. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics can be closely modelled by a pseudo second-order rate equation. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were -19.52 kJ mol-1, 4.84 kJ mol-1, and 79.43 J K-1 mol-1, respectively. It can be concluded that the adsorption of Au(III) on SH-E-P is a spontaneous, endothermic process controlled by film diffusion, which results in its higher adsorption capacity at higher temperatures.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Analysis, Au(III), Capacity, Concentration, Diffusion, Endothermic, Ethylenediamine, Film Diffusion, FT-IR, FTIR, FTIR Analysis, Functionalisation of Polymers, Gel, Gold, Grafted, Hybrid, Investigation, Kinetic, Kinetics, L1, Metal Ions, Methylene Phosphonic Acid, Modified, Pb2+, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Resin, Saturation, Second Order, Second-Order, Silica, Silica Gel, Solution, Sorption, Surface, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic ParametersTitle: Progress in Surface and Membrane ScienceEdited by Cadenhead, A., Academic Press, New York? Dubinin, M.M. (1975), ??. Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, 9, 1-70.Title: Progress in Surface ScienceFull Journal Title: Progress in Surface ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: Prog. Surf. Sci.JCR Abbreviated Title: Prog Surf SciISSN: 0079-6816Issues/Year: 9Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, EnglandSubject Categories: Chemistry, Physical: Impact Factor 2.177, / (1999); Impact Factor 3.826, 9/91 (2000)Physics, Condensed Matter: Impact Factor 2.177, / (1999); Impact Factor Muscat, J.P. and Newns, D.M. (1978), Chemisorption on metals. Progress in Surface Science, 9 (1), 1-43.Full Text: P\Pro Sur Sci9, 1.pdfAbstract: The field of chemisorption has recently seen great advances both in experimental spectroscopies for examining the geometry and electronic structures of adsorbed species and in numerical calculational techniques. The aim of this article is a critical analysis of these results, especially theoretical ones, with emphasis on the relationship to simple models of chemisorption. An important conclusion is the strong coupling nature of many chemisorption systems, i.e. that there exists something like a chemical bond between the adsorbate and the nearest-neighbour substrate atoms with their associated bonding and antibonding electronic levels.We start by outlining the phenomenological fundamentals, such as the structure of the adsorbed layer. Basic theoretical concepts, such as local density functional theory, on which much of the modern discussion of the electronic chemisorption problem depends, and the electronic structure of the clean surface, are then outlined. There follows a fuller discussion of the Anderson model, which is regarded as the underlying canonical model for considering chemisorption. A discussion, in detail, of the theoretical and some experimental aspects of a number of systems is then given. The principal systems considered, which are of contemporary interest, include hydrogen, oxygen and alkalis on free-electron and transition metals, chalcogenides on nickel, CO adsorption on various transition metals, and oxygen on silver.Doraiswamy, L.K. (1991), Catalytic reactions and reactors: A surface science approach. Progress in Surface Science, 37 (1-4), 1-277.Full Text: P\Pro Sur Sci37, 1.pdfAbstract: An integrated analysis of surface chemical reactions and reactors is central to the rational design of a catalytic reactor. Developments have, however, proceeded along two different paths; and much of the interaction that has occurred has been through the analysis of the reaction-diffusion problem within a catalyst pellet, and of multistationarity and instability. It is only during the last 10-15 years that such studies have tended to include a major emphasis on surface reactions with all their nonidealities (such as heterogeneity and lateral interaction between adsorbed molecules), and their role in inducing multiplicity and instability. Basic to a consideration of reactions on nonideal surfaces is the formulation of the adsorption integral equation and its solution under various conditions, including the use of a nonideal local isotherm (such as the Fowler-Guggenheim or the quasichemical) as the local isotherm in the integral equation.In the present monographic review, various aspects of adsorption pertinent to the subject are considered, including the derivation and solution of the adsorption integral equation. Methods of modelling catalytic reactions are also discussed, with a brief overview of the latest statistical methods used. The concept of the statistical rate on a nonuniform (heterogeneous) surface is then introduced, and procedures for formulating expressions for these rates are presented both for simple and complex reactions involving single as well as multicomponent adsorption. This is followed by a brief discussion of the characterization of surface heterogeneity in which the use of information theory and fractal analysis is highlighted.The role of the catalyst surface in inducing multiple steady states is explained, and various situations under which this can happen are stressed. Multiplicity can also occur as a result of feedback of mass or energy within a pellet or reactor. Although the literature in this area is extensive, the use of some of the newer mathematical tools such as the catastrophe and singularity theories in dealing with this problem is discussed, though very selectively. And, finally, the effects of incorporating surface nonidealities on the performance of a fixed-bed catalytic reactor are explored, and it is shown how these can be quite dramatic under certain conditions. It has so far only been possible to incorporate some very rudimentary effects of nonideality in the analysis, such as the use of the Fowler-Guggenheim or the quasichemical isotherm. No attempt has yet been made to include surface heterogeneity also through the adsorption integral equation. With the increasing use of parallel computing, it should be possible to explore the surface space and its role in directing a reaction in greater detail (through Monte Carlo simulation), and possibly, within the foreseeable future, one can also hope to formally incorporate these effects in reactor design for simple reactions.Keywords: Energy-Distribution Function, Carbon-Monoxide Oxidation, Heterogeneous Solid-Surfaces, Kinetic Phase-Transitions, Steady-State Multiplicity, Transient-Response Method, Adsorbate Lateral Interactions, Integral Adsorption Equation, Lumped-Parameter Systems, Monte-Carlo SimulationVolkov, A.G., Deamer, D.W., Tanelian, D.L. and Markin, V.S. (1996), Electrical double layers at the oil/water interface. Progress in Surface Science, 53 (1), 1-134.Full Text: 1996\Pro Sur Sci53, 1.pdfAbstract: This review presents the historical development and current status of the theory of the electrical double layer at a liquid/liquid interface. It gives rigorous thermodynamic definitions of all basic concepts related to liquid interfaces and to the electrical double layer. The difference between the surface of a solid electrode and the interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is analyzed in connection to their electrical properties. The most important classical relationships for the electrical double layer are presented and critically discussed. The generalized adsorption isotherm is derived. After a short review of the classical Gouy-Chapman and Verwey-Niessen models, more recent developments of the double layer theory are presented. These include effects of variable dielectric permittivity, nonlocal electrostatics, hydration forces, the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation and the ion-dipole plasma. The relative merits of different theories are estimated by comparing them with computer simulation of the ITIES and electrical double layer. Special attention is given to the structure of ITIES and its variation due to adsorption of ions and amphiphilic molecules.Keywords: Immiscible Electrolyte-Solutions, Water-Nitrobenzene Interface, Poisson-Boltzmann Theory, Liquid-Liquid Interface, Mean Spherical Approximation, Charged Hard-Wall, Synchronous Multielectron Reactions, Spatially Varying Polarization, Primitive Model Electrolytes, AC Impedance MeasurementsHodgson, A. (2000), State resolved desorption measurements as a probe of surface reactions. Progress in Surface Science, 63 (1-2), 1-61.Full Text: P\Pro Sur Sci63, 1.pdfAbstarct: Surface reactions which lead directly to gas phase products can be investigated by using state resolved techniques to measure the energy released into the newly formed molecules. This technique has been used extensively to explore oxidation of CO and the dynamics of H2 recombinative desorption at surfaces, but so far has been applied to few other reactions. Here we review the application of final state measurements and discuss the conditions under which dynamical information can be obtained for Langmuir–Hinshelwood type surface reactions. Combining resonance enhanced multiphoton ionisation with ion time of flight detection allows translational energy distributions to be measured for a wide range of products, with full quantum state resolution. The energy release reflects scattering from a thermally populated transition state, with the recombination dynamics determining how the product state distributions depart from a thermal distribution at the surface temperature. Using the principle of detailed balance the desorption dynamics can be related to the reverse process, dissociative chemisorption. Making the link between adsorption and desorption has two benefits. Firstly, it allows us to discuss quantitatively the influence of surface temperature on the product state distributions formed by surface reactions, allowing us to avoid naive models, which treat the transition state as having a unique, well-defined energy. Secondly, the desorption results can be used to obtain relative sticking probabilities with full quantum state and translational energy resolution, providing a way to determine how internal energy influences dissociation for both hydrogen and for heavy molecules, such as nitrogen. The conditions necessary to apply detailed balance successfully are discussed and the desorption distributions expected for different types of adsorption behaviour illustrated. The recombination/dissociation dynamics of hydrogen are summarised briefly and the energy partitioning into different coordinates described. Product state measurements for some ‘heavy’ molecule reactions, such as NH3 and NO reduction to form nitrogen and CO and H2 oxidation are reviewed and compared to the behaviour seen for hydrogen. The desorption dynamics and the shape of the potential energy surfaces for nitrogen recombination at different metal surfaces are discussed and we suggest some future lines of development.Notes: highly cited? Schreiber, F. (2000), Structure and growth of self-assembling monolayers. Progress in Surface Science, 65 (5-8), 151-256.Full Text: 2000\Pro Sur Sci65, 151.pdfAbstract: The structural phases and the growth of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are reviewed from a surface science perspective. with emphasis on simple model systems. The concept of self-assembly is explained, and different self-assembling materials are briefly discussed. A summary of the techniques used for the study of SAMs is given. Different general scenarios for structures obtained by self-assembly are described. Thiols on Au(III) surfaces are used as an archetypal system to investigate in detail the structural phase diagram as a function of temperature and coverage, the specific structural features on a molecular level, and the effect of changes of the molecular backbone and the end group on the structure of the SAM. Temperature effects including phase transitions are discussed. Concepts for the preparation of more complex structures such as multi-component SAMs, laterally structured SAMs, and heterostructures. also with inorganic materials, are outlined. The growth and ways to control it are discussed in detail. Solution and gas phase deposition and the impact of various parameters such as temperature, concentration tin solution) or partial pressure (in the gas phase) are described. The kinetics and the energetics of self-assembly are analyzed. Several more complex issues of the film formation process including non-equilibrium issues are discussed. Some general conclusions are drawn concerning the impact of various molecular features on the growth behavior and concerning the relationship between growth and structural phase diagram. Finally. the potential of self-assembly as a route for the preparation of monolayers with pre-designed properties and SAMs as building blocks in heterostructures as well as application strategies are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Self-Assembled Monolayer, Monolayer Structure, Phase Transitions, Growth Kinetics, Adsorption, Physisorption, Chemisorption, Organics, Thiols, Silanes, Scanning-Tunneling-Microscopy, Atomic-Force Microscopy, X-Ray-Diffraction, Surface-Plasmon Resonance, N-Alkanethiol Monolayers, Chain-Length Dependence, Ultrathin Organic Films, Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon, Molecular-Beam Deposition, Alkyl Thiol MonolayersZaera, F. (2001), Probing catalytic reactions at surfaces. Progress in Surface Science, 69 (1-3), 1-98.Full Text: P\Pro Sur Sci69, 1.pdfAbstract: A review of the major contributions from modern surface science to the understanding of the chemistry of heterogeneous catalysis is provided. A number of basic concepts. including the nature of surface bonds, the dynamics of surface reactions, find the identification of the intermediates and elemental steps that comprise the catalytic processes, are surveyed. The localized nature of the surface chemical bond, the drastic changes that varying surface coverages introduce on surface energetics and kinetics, and the key role that subtle energy barrier differences among competing reactions play in defining the overall selectivity of catalytic processes are particularly noted. A discussion on the implications of these microscopic concepts to catalysis is then provided. A critical analysis of the limitations encountered when extrapolating results from well-defined model systems to more realistic reaction conditions using supported catalysts and on the ways those problems have been addressed is also presented. A more comprehensive summary of the knowledge acquired to date on the surface chemistry or hydrocarbon conversion reactions on transition metals is provided. Finally, some ideas on the future directions of surface science in connection with catalysis are advanced. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Single-Crystal Surfaces, Transition-Metal Surfaces, Scanning-Tunneling-Microscopy, Electron-Energy-Loss, Absorption Fine-Structure, Beta-Hydride Elimination, Sum-Frequency Generation, Density-Functional Theory, H-D Exchange, Atomic-Force MicroscopyTitle: Progress of Theoretical PhysicsFull Journal Title: Progress of Theoretical PhysicsISO Abbreviated Title: Prog. Theor. Phys.JCR Abbreviated Title: Prog Theor Phys KyotoISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Wu, S.T. (1975), Rigorous justification of point-B method for determination of monolayer capacity from a type-II adsorption-isotherm. Progress of Theoretical Physics, 53 (1), 21-40.Title: Progress in Water Technology(Prog. Wat. Tech.; Prog. Water Technol.)Kim, J.I. and Zoltek, Jr., J. (1977), Chromium removal with activated carbon. Progress in Water Technology, 9, 143-155.Title: Project Management JournalFull Journal Title: Project Management JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Bredillet, C.N. (2009), Mapping the dynamics of the project management field: Project management in action (Part 2). Project Management Journal, 40 (2), 2-6.Full Text: 2009\Pro Man J40, 2.pdfKeywords: Acidification, Bibliometrics, Co-Word Analysis, Impact, Intelligence, Mapping, Network, Sciences, TitlesTitle: ProstaglandinsFull Journal Title: ProstaglandinsISO Abbreviated Title: ProstaglandinsJCR Abbreviated Title: ProstaglandinsISSN: 0090-6980Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Lee, T.K. and Hsieh, B.S. (1986), Effect of acetylsalicylic-acid on urinary-excretion of prostaglandin-E in stroke patients. Prostaglandins, 32 (6), 847-855.Title: ProstateFull Journal Title: ProstateISO Abbreviated Title: ProstateJCR Abbreviated Title: ProstateISSN: 0270-4137Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Wiley-LissPublisher Address: Div John Wiley & Sons Inc, 605 Third Ave, New York, NY 10158-0012Subject Categories: Endocrinology & Metabolism Urology & Nephrology: Impact Factorvan der Gulden, J.W.J. (1997), Metal workers and repairmen at risk for prostate cancer: A review. Prostate, 30 (2), 107-116.Full Text: P\Prostate30, 107.pdfAbstract: BACKGROUND. The objective is to summarize the results of studies of prostate cancer risk among metal workers, mechanics, and repairmen in order to evaluate the magnitude of risk and to investigate the role of specific work-related hazards in the development of this disease.METHODS. Review of literature.RESULTS. In most of the studies reviewed, a slight excess risk of prostate cancer incidence or mortality was observed among metal workers and repairmen. It is as yet unclear, however, whether this excess risk is caused by particular occupational exposures or by risk factors in personal life style (e.g., dietary habits). Hardest evidence is found of a relationship to exist between the use of cutting oils or other metal-work liquids and prostate cancer risk.CONCLUSIONS. It would appear that metal workers, mechanics, and repairmen run a slightly elevated risk of prostate cancer. However, the actual risk factors are still unknown. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Metal Workers, Repairmen, Occupational Risk Factors, Standardized Mortality Ratio, Reduction Plant Workers, United-States, Confidence-Interval, Foundry Workers, Manufacturing-Industry, Occupational Risk, Death Certificate, Cigarette-Smoking, Iron FoundrySkryma, R.N., Prevarskaya, N.B., Dufy Barbe, L., Odessa, M.F., Audin, J. and Dufy, B. (1997), Potassium conductance in the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP: Involvement in cell proliferation. Prostate, 33 (2), 112-122.Full Text: P\Prostate33, 112.pdfAbstract: BACKGROUND. Very little is known about the expression of ion channels in prostate cells (both normal and malignant), and their possible role in physiological and pathological functions. We therefore studied ion conductances and their rolein the proliferation of LNCaP cells, an androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell Line.METHODS. We applied patch-clamp recording techniques for electrophysiological studies, and H-3-thymidine incorporation and protein content assays for cell growth studies.RESULTS. Only one type of voltage-dependent ion conductance, a potassium K+ conductance, was identified. This current, which was depressed by a rise in intracellular Ca2+, had a high sensitivity to tetraethylammonium (TEA) (with half-block at 2 mM) and was also inhibited by 2 nM -dendrotoxin (DTX) and 20 nM mast-cell degranulating peptide (MCDP). K+ channel inhibitors inhibited [H-3]thymidine incorporation and protein content, in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that K+ channels are involved in cell growth.CONCLUSIONS. We conclude from our findings that the human cancer prostate cell line LNCaP has a new type of K+ channel, Likely to play an essential role in the physiology of these cells and, more specifically, in cell proliferation. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Keywords: Peripheral-Blood Lymphocytes, Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels, Epidermal Growth-Factor, Programmed Death, Intracellular Calcium, Glandular Cells, Ion Channels, Map Kinase, C-FOS, Receptor, LNCaP Cells, K+ Channels, Patch Clamp, ProliferationTitle: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic DiseasesFull Journal Title: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic DiseasesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Kirby, R. (2007), Report from London. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 10, 311.Full Text: 2007\Pro Can Pro Dis10, 311.pdf? Haseen, F., Cantwell, M.M., O’Sullivan, J.M. and Murray, L.J. (2009), Is there a benefit from lycopene supplementation in men with prostate cancer? A systematic review. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 12 (4), 325-332.Full Text: 2009\Pro Can Pro Dis12, 325.pdfAbstract: Lycopene has a chemopreventive effect against prostate cancer but its role in prostate cancer progression is unknown; many patients increase their intake of lycopene, although there are no evidence-based guidelines to suggest an effect. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of literature to evaluate the association between lycopene intake and prostate cancer progression. MEDLINE, EMBASE CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, AMED and CENTRAL databases were systematically searched using terms for lycopene and prostate cancer progression to identify studies published before January 2009. Eight intervention studies were identified (five with no control group; one with an unmatched control group; and two randomized controlled trials (RCTs)). An inverse association was observed between lycopene intake and PSA levels in six studies. The rates of progression measured by bone scan in one RCT were lower in the intervention group. Lycopene resulted in lowering cancer-related symptoms (pain, urinary tract symptoms), and severe toxicity or intolerance was not evident. However, the evidence available to date is insufficient to draw a firm conclusion with respect to lycopene supplementation in prostate cancer patients and larger RCTs are required in broader patient groups. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2009) 12, 325-332; doi: 10.1038/pcan.2009.38; published online 1 September 2009.Keywords: Antioxidant Properties, Beta-Carotene, Bone, Cancer, Cell-Cycle Progression, Complementary Medicine, Control, Databases, Diseases, Embase, Growth-Factor-I, Guidelines, Intervention, Intervention Studies, Literature, Lycopene Supplementation, Medline, Pain, Phase-II, Products, Progression, Prostate, Prostate Cancer, Randomized Controlled Trials, Review, Science, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Tomato Juice, Toxicity, Tract, United-States, Web of ScienceTitle: Prosthetics and Orthotics InternationalFull Journal Title: Prosthetics and Orthotics InternationalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Biddiss, E.A. and Chau, T.T. (2007), Upper limb prosthesis use and abandonment: A survey of the last 25 years. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 31 (3), 236-257.Abstract: This review presents an analytical and comparative survey of upper limb prosthesis acceptance and abandonment as documented over the past 25 years, detailing areas of consumer dissatisfaction and ongoing technological advancements. English-language articles were identified in a search of Ovid, PUBMED, and ISI Web of Science (1980 until February 2006) for key words upper limb and prosthesis. Articles focused on upper limb prostheses and addressing: (i) Factors associated with abandonment-, (ii) Rejection rates; (iii) Functional analyses and patterns of wear; and (iv) Consumer satisfaction, were extracted with the exclusion of those detailing tools for outcome measurement, case studies, and medical procedures. Approximately 200 articles were included in the review process with 40 providing rates of prosthesis rejection. Quantitative measures of population characteristics, study methodology, and prostheses in use were extracted from each article. Mean rejection rates of 45% and 35% were observed in the literature for body-powered and electric prostheses respectively in pediatric populations. Significantly lower rates of rejection for both body-powered (26%) and electric (23%) devices were observed in adult populations while the average incidence of non-wear was similar for pediatric (16%) and adult (20%) populations. Documented rates of rejection exhibit a wide range of variance, possibly due to the heterogeneous samples involved and methodological differences between studies. Future research should comprise of controlled, multifactor studies adopting standardized outcome measures in order to promote comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting prosthesis use and abandonment. An enhanced understanding of these factors is needed to optimize prescription practices, guide design efforts, and satiate demand for evidence-based measures of intervention.Keywords: Adult, Amputation, Arm, Articles, Below-Elbow Amputees, Case Studies, Children, Consumer, Conventional Prostheses, Deficiency, Design, Electrically Powered Prostheses, Factors, Hand Prosthesis, Incidence, Intervention, ISI, Literature, Measurement, Medical, Methodology, Myoelectric Prostheses, Outcome, Pediatric, Prosthesis, Prosthetics, Pubmed, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation, Research, Review, Science, Survey, Upper Limb, Web of Science? Klute, G.K., Glaister, B.C. and Berge, J.S. (2010), Prosthetic liners for lower limb amputees: A review of the literature. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 34 (2), 146-153.Abstract: Prosthetic liners exist to improve amputee safety and comfort by adding a cushioning layer between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket. Many choices in liner technology are available, and clinicians often rely on personal intuition and experience to choose which liners are appropriate for which patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the literature to find what scientific evidence exists to inform prescription practices. ‘Prosthetic liner’ was used as a search term in the Web of Science and PUBMED research databases. Fourteen scientific articles met the eligibility criteria and are discussed in this review. The results of this review suggest that there is little scientific evidence to inform prosthetic liner prescription practices. Liner material properties have been well-studied, but their influence on in vivo performance is not well understood. Understanding liner effect on function would be an area of great usefulness.Keywords: Advantages, Amputations, Below-Knee Prosthesis, Databases, Gel Liner, Iceross, In Vivo, Literature, Lower Limb Amputee, Lower Limb Prosthesis, Prosthetic Design, Prosthetic Interface Mechanics, Prosthetic Liners, Prosthetics, Pubmed, Research, Residual Limb, Review, Safety, Science, Skin Problems, Suction Socket 3s, Suspension, Testing of Prosthetic Components, Transtibial Amputees, Web of ScienceTitle: Protection of MetalsFull Journal Title: Protection of MetalsISO Abbreviated Title: Protect. Met.JCR Abbreviated Title: Prot Met+ISSN: 0033-1732Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: RussiaLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Maik Nauka/InterperiodicaPublisher Address: C/O Plenum/Consultants Bureau 233 Spring St, New York, NY 10013Subject Categories: Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering: Impact Factor? Reshetnikov, S.M. and Pletnev, M.A. (1979), Adsorption-kinetics of inhibitors of acid corrosion of metals. Protection of Metals, 15 (4), 375-377.? Zartsyn, I.D., Shugurov, A.E. and Marshakov, I.K. (1997), Partial reactions of the oxidation of metal and the reduction of oxidizer during adsorption chemical interaction of their components. Protection of Metals, 33 (5), 407-412.Abstract: A method of kinetic diagrams is used for describing kinetics and thermodynamics of the anodic and cathodic reactions on a metal lic electrode. Conditions for the conjugation of these reactions through an electron alone, through the kinetic competition for the active surface centers, or through the kinetics and thermodynamics of the common intermediate stages are found. In the: last case, a free-energy transfer between the electrode processes is observed. As a result, the ionization of metal and the reduction of oxidizer can proceed at the potentials lower and higher than the corresponding equilibrium potential of the individual anode and cathode, respectively, so that the metal ionizes in spite of its complete cathodic polarization.Title: Przeglad PrzyrodniczyFull Journal Title: Przeglad PrzyrodniczyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Kopij, G. (2004), A bibliometric analysis of the literature on land vertebrates (Tetrapoda) occurring in Poland for the years 1971-2000. Przeglad Przyrodniczy, 15 (3-4), 109-116.Abstract: Based on the Wildlife & Ecology Studies Worldwide a bibliometric analysis of the literature for the years 1971-2000 devoted to land vertebrates occurring in Poland has been conducted. A rather simplistic assumption has been made that the number of publications for a given species is linked with the level of knowledge on this species.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Knowledge, Literature, Publications, Species, VertebratesTitle: Przemysl ChemicznyFull Journal Title: Przemysl ChemicznyISO Abbreviated Title: Przem. Chem.JCR Abbreviated Title: Przem ChemISSN: 0033-2496Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: PolandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Wydawnictwo Czasopism I Ksiazek Technicznych SigmaPublisher Address: Ratuszowa 11, 03-450 Warsaw, PolandSubject Categories: Chemistry: Impact FactorEngineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 0.162, 91/110? Czarny, Z. (1965), Otrzymywanie katalizatorow HgCl2-wegiel aktywowany czynniki wplywajace Na ilosc adsorbowanej soli. Przemysl Chemiczny, 44 (1), 16-&? Stasiak, M. (1969), Application of biosorption process for renovation of waste waters at chemical industry. Przemysl Chemiczny, 48 (7), 426-428.? Siedlewski, J. and Majewski, R. (1976), Changes in texture and sorption ability of activated carbons as consequence of their surface modification by means of sulfur. Przemysl Chemiczny, 55 (8), 411-414.? Siedlewski, J. and Rychlicki, G. (1975), Effect of modification and promotion of activated carbon surface on its adsorption properties. Przemysl Chemiczny, 54 (6), 334-335.? Siedlews, J. and Szczesny, A. (1974), Sorption ability of activated carbon modified with chlorine. Przemysl Chemiczny, 53 (1), 33-37.? Siedlewski, J. and Szczesny, A. (1977), Changes in sorption ability of activated carbon resulting from modification of their surface by means of chlorine. Przemysl Chemiczny, 56 (5), 262-264.? Milewski, M., Kontnikmatecka, B. and Eysymontt, J. (1979), Studies on mechanism of selective adsorption of p-xylene on modified forms of zeolite NAY. Przemysl Chemiczny, 58 (6), 302-303.Keywords: Zeolite? Siedlewski, J., Smigiel, W. and Arcimowicz, A. (1979), Examination of sorption and catalytic properties of activated carbons modified with phosphorus trichloride. Przemysl Chemiczny, 58 (12), 677-678.? Jaroniec, M., Derylo, A. and Czarniecki, J. (1982), Evaluation of energetical heterogeneity of adsorbents used in adsorption from diluted aqueous-solutions. Przemysl Chemiczny, 61 (11-1), 463-465.? Goworek, J., Jaroniec, M., Kusak, R. and Dabrowski, A. (1983), Assessment of sorption properties of oxide adsorbents at taking advantage of the adsorption data from solutions of non-electrolytes. Przemysl Chemiczny, 62 (3), 148-152.? Jaroniec, M., Tiren, G. and Dabrowski, A. (1983), Investigation on adsorption of 2-component mixtures of organic-substances from aqueous-solutions on carbon adsorbents. Przemysl Chemiczny, 62 (5), 293-295.? Dabrowski, A., Derylo, A., Jaroniec, M. and Philippson, C. (1983), Investigations on adsorption of urea from aqueous-solutions on activated carbons. Przemysl Chemiczny, 1983, 62 (9), 525-528.? Choma, J. (1983), Description of microporous carbon adsorbents by the modified potential adsorption theory. Przemysl Chemiczny, 62 (11), 634-637.? Jankowska, H. and Starostin, L. (1983), Iodide-ions adsorption on modified activated carbon. Przemysl Chemiczny, 62 (11), 624-628.? Derylo, A. and Jaroniec, M. (1984), Data interpretation of single substances adsorption from diluted aqueous-solution from the point of their application to adsorption predictions in multicomponent systems. Przemysl Chemiczny, 63 (2), 71-74.? Dobrowolski, R., Jaroniec, M. and Swiatkowski, A. (1984), Investigations on cadmium cation adsorption on modified activated carbon from dilute aqueous-solutions. Przemysl Chemiczny, 63 (6), 322-325.? Jankowska, H., Starostin, L., Pinkas, K. and Przybytniak, G. (1985), Uranium-compounds adsorption on modified activated carbon. Przemysl Chemiczny, 64 (9), 429-431.? Czepirski, L., Holda, S. and Lason, M. (1986), Modified apparatus for gas-adsorption measurements at elevated pressures. Przemysl Chemiczny, 65 (1), 45-47.? Krzeslak, A. (1994), Responsible care in Polish chemical-industry: Enterprise of Polish chemical-industry chamber. Przemysl Chemiczny, 73 (8), 319.? Lukszobienkowska, A. and Krzeslak, A. (1994), Workshop on responsible-care and ISO-9000. Przemysl Chemiczny, 73 (11), 441.? Krzeslak, A. (1995), Responsible care: An appeal to the producers. Przemysl Chemiczny, 74 (7), 266-268.? Goworek, J., Swiatkowski, A. and Biniak, S. (1997), Adsorption from solutions of methanol, benzene and acetone on chemically modified activated carbon. Przemysl Chemiczny, 76 (4), 144-&.Abstract: Adsorption from binary liquid mixtures of complete miscibility has been tested as a toll to characterize the chemical structure of surfaces of activated carbons. Methanol, acetone and benzene were used as adsorbates and the preparation of Norit R4-ex activated carbon of variable content of oxygen bound to the surface (oxidation with concentrated nitric acid and roasting in the oxygen-free ambiance) as adsorbents. The effect of quantity and type of oxygen functional groups on the shape of excess adsorption isotherms from the liquid phase was analysed.Keywords: Acetone, Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Benzene, Carbon, Chemical, Content of Oxygen, Functional Groups, Isotherms, Methanol, Modified, Nitric Acid, Oxidation, Oxygen, Quantity, Roasting, Structure, Surface, Surfaces? Trznadel, B.J. (2000), On the dispersion of characteristic geometric sizes of porous structure of activated carbon in examined production batch. Przemysl Chemiczny, 79 (11), 373-??.Abstract: Granulated activated carbon of A type purchased from HPSDD was elutriated into eight fractions of different internal structure. Benzene vapour adsorption-desorption isotherms were determined at 293 K. The dispersions of characteristic geometric sizes were evaluated on the basis of analysis of these isotherms. The volumes of meso- and micropores, geometric surface areas and linear size of slit-like micropores were analysed. The fractal analysis leads to the estimation of the fractal dimension and its dissipation in examined production batch of activated carbon. Obtained results lead to new correlation between fractal dimension and average size of fractal structure.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption-Isotherms, Analysis, Carbon, Chemistry, Dispersions, Distributions, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Fractal, Fractal Analysis, Fractal Dimension, Isotherms, Lead, Microporosity, Noninteger Dimensions, Porosity, Size, Structure, Surface Areas, Surfaces? Ratajczak, W., Porebski, T., Ostrowska, I., Kujawski, W. and Warszawski, A. (2003), Sorptive properties of selected polymer sorbents in contact with aqueous phenol solutions. Przemysl Chemiczny, 82 (4), 286-290.Abstract: Rohm and Haas’ XAD-4, -7 and -16 Amberlites, sp. surface 750, > 400 and 750 m2, g, resp., particle size 0.3-1.2 mm, were used to sorb phenol from (3, 5, or 20 g, L) PhOH-(30 g, L) Na2SO4 solutions in a fixed-bed column. The solutions were models of the cumene process (making PhOH and Me2CO) wastewaters. Each was applied at 2 mL, h, mL sorbent and collected in 0.2 L fractions at room temp. Batch tests using 0.6-25 g sorbent kept in 100 mL of aq. 10 g, L PhOH containing 0, 20 or 50 g, L Na2SO4 at room temp., showed XAD-4 (poly(styrene-co-DVB)) and XAD-7 (poly(Me acrylate-co-DVB)) to sorb most and least of PhOH, ca. 70 and ca. 30 g, L sorbent, resp. Freundlich isotherm equation gave better correlations than Langmuir. Aq. 5M NaOH, 60degreesC, was best to desorb the bed, 6 vols, bed vol; the dephenolized model solution was used to elute the NaOH. Two- step dephenolization is advised: (a) from 20-30 to 3-5 g, L by a membrane technique, e.g., pervaporation; (b) from 3-5 to 0 g, L by sorption on a polymeric sorbent (XAD-4) in the presence of a salting-out agent (Na2SO4).Keywords: Column, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Column, Fixed-Bed Column, Model, Sorption, Water? Maryuk, O., Gladysz-Plaska, A., Rudas, M. and Majdan, M. (2005), Adsorption of chromium(VI) ions on a surfactant-modified clinoptilolite. Przemysl Chemiczny, 84 (5), 360-363.Abstract: A granular clinoptilolite, pore size 0.37-0.41 nm, d. 1.73 g/mL, sp. surface 462 m2/g, modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, was used. The modified zeolite was used to take up CrO42- from 0.006-0.07 mmol/L solns. The optimal pH range was: 3-6. Adsorption rate, S = (2Dt)(0.5) + K, diffusivity D = 0.71 mmol/(kg(.)min(0.5)) and K = 1.03 mmol/kg, enabled equil. to become established in 1 hour. Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption (in mmol/kg) S = SMX(1 +X), where X= (KLC)(n), K-L=129 L/mmol, C=aq. Cranion conc., mmol/L. n=1.11(parameter indicating intermol. interactions in adsorbate), and S-M= mono- layer capacity, 14 mmols/kg. Chloride, nitrate, sulfate, carbo- nate, and phosphate, each at 0.5 mmol/L, suppressed vario- usly the adsorption of Cr(VI) from 0.006-0.06 mmol/L solns.Keywords: Adsorption, Capacity, Chromate, Cr(VI), Hexadecyltrimethylammonium, Interactions, Langmuir-Freundlich, Modified, Nitrate, pH, Phosphate, Pore Size, Range, Sulfate, Surface, Zeolite? Sikorska-Sobiegraj, E. and Zielinski, S. (2006), Adsorption of heavy metals on a modified activated carbon. Przemysl Chemiczny, 85 (3), 189-192.Abstract: Gryfskand’s WD-extra activated C, de-ashed and oxidized 1 hr./400°C in air, bulk d. 336 g/l.,was used to sorb Pb and Cd from aq. 2, 5, or 7 mmols/l. solns., or from (7.2, 1:1, and 2:7) 9-mmols/l. mixts., each passed at 125 m/s through a column (wet bed, 5 g., 8.5 cm high; liq. holdup 10 ml.). In either sorption, the Pb/Cd capacities corresponding to breakthrough ps. were 2:1. The Pb/Cd total sorption capacity ratio was 2:1 in each individual sorption. In mixts. it varied with the initial concn. of either metal. In 2, 4.5 and 7-mmol/l. mixt. solns., the sorption capacity ratios were 5:1, 3:1 and 2:1, resp. With the modified C, the sorption capacities were 7 and 3 times as high toward Pb and Cd as those with the non-modified C, resp.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Air, Capacity, Carbon, Heavy Metals, Metals, Modified, Sorption, Sorption Capacity? Chutkowski, M., Petrus, R., Warchol, J. and Koszelnik, P. (2008), Sorption equilibrium in processes of metal ion removal from environment. Statistical verification of mathematical models. Przemysl Chemiczny, 87 (5), 436-438.Abstract: Model isotherms of metal ion sorption from aq. solns. on natural sorbents were optimized. An essential effect of both exptl. data qual. and choice of statistical criterion on the proper selection of the sorption model was observed.Keywords: Adsorption, Isotherm, Adsorbents? Zielinska, A. and Chojnacka, K. (2009), Kinetics of biosorption of Cr(III) by blue-green algae Spirulina maxima. Przemysl Chemiczny, 88 (5), 594-596.Abstract: Cr(III) ions were biosorbed by Spirulina maxima algae. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was used for the description of biosorption kinetic data. The effect of pH (3-5), initial concn. of Cr(III) ions (100-300 mg/L) and biomass concn. (0.1-5 g/L) on the biosorption capacity was examd. The highest capacity 165 mg/g was achieved at the initial Cr(III) concn. 300 mg/L and biomass concn. 0.1 g/L. Under optimum conditions for biosorption selected (pH 5, temp. 20C, biomass concn. 1 g/L, initial Cr(III) concn. 200 mg/L) the biosorption capacity was 33.4 mg/g after 60 min.Keywords: Algae, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption Kinetic, Blue-Green Algae, Capacity, Chlorella-Vulgaris, Cr(III), Cr(III) Ions, Data, Diets, Dried Chlorella, Equilibrium, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Larvae, Laying Hens, Microalgae, Model, Nutritional-Value, pH, Poultry, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-OrderTitle: Psicologia ConductualFull Journal Title: Psicologia ConductualISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0214-9915Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Navarro, J.F., Espert, R., Deus, J. and Chirivella, J. (1996), A bibliometric study of the ‘Neuropsychologia’ journal (1990- 1995). Psicologia Conductual, 4 (3), 453-458.Abstract: Founded by H. Hecaen in 1963, <<Neuropsychologia>> is an international interdisciplinary journal focusing on the analysis of disorders of percepcion, memory, thought, and language resulting from injury or disease of the central nervous system. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of <<Neuropsychalogia>> (1990-1995) is presented. The main findings were as follows: Papers. In the period examined a total of 599 articles distributed into 67 issues have been published. The average number of articles, issues was 9. Collaboration and productivity of authors. Total signatures of authors was 1909. The average number of authors, article was 3.20. From 51 most productive authors (with four or more articles between 1990 and 1995), althoug almost 60% have carried out their investigations in european laboratories, is the canadian B. Milner (with 16 papers), by far, the most productive author. Thematic categories. Among the 9 categories considered, a predominance of papers related to perceptual, recognition disorders (25.37%), mainly in patients with neglect, as well as experimental studies on lateralization, asymmetries and hemispheric specialization (22.87%), is observed. These thematic categories include almost half of the 599 articles examined (48.24%)Keywords: ‘Neuropsychologia’ Journal, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Journal, Neuropsychology, Spain, Spanish, System? GarciaLopez, L.J., Olivares, J. and Rosa, A.I. (1997), A bibliometric analysis of parent training in Spain. Psicologia Conductual, 5 (2), 191-198.Abstract: The aim of this work was to carry out a bibliometric analysis of parent training in Spain. Our research was conducted over a total of twelwe sources (nine articles and three book chapters) found from a search for bibliographical indices including ISOC, PsycLIT, Medline, Eric, CIRBIC, National Library Catalog, ISBN database and School of Psychology Library in Murcia. A study of publications was made using productivity analysis (collaboration and productivity of authors and research visibility) and subject analysis (distribution of publications). The results show the small number of scientific works on this topic and the high proportion of authors who have published only one work. Because of the reduced number of works found, the study of areas of collaboration among authors has not been carried out.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Behavior Therapy, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Collaboration, Conduct-Problem Children, Database, Medline, Parent Training, Productivity, Publications, Research, Spain, Training, Visibility? Navarro, J.F., Espert, R. and Davila, G. (1998), A bibliometric analysis of ‘Biological Psychiatry’ (1991-1996). Psicologia Conductual, 6 (1), 193-198.Abstract: In this study, a bibliometric analysis of the ‘Biological Psychiatry’ journal (1991-1996) was made. The main findings were as follows: Papers: In the period examined a total of 1640 articles distributed into 144 issues have been published. The average number of articles, issue was 11.39. Collaboration and productivity of authors: Total signatures of authors were 7495. The average number of authors, article was 4.57. From 75 most productive authors (with six or more articles published between 1991 and 1996), 62 have carried out their investigations in northamerican laboratories, being H.Y. Meltzer (with 24 papers), by far, the most productive author. Thematic categories: Among the 22 categories considered, a marked pre dominance of papers related to schizophrenics (26.41%) and depressives (20.86%) disorders is observed. Both thematic categories include almost half of the 1640 articles examined (47.27%)Keywords: ‘Biological Psychiatry’, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biological Psychiatry, Journal, Spain, SpanishTitle: Psicologia-Reflex?o e CríticaFull Journal Title: Psicologia-Reflexao e CriticaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? de Almeida, R.M.M., Pasa, G.G. and Scheffer, M. (2009), Alcohol: Gender and implications in the violence. Psicologia-Reflex?o e Crítica, 22 (2), 252-260.Full Text: 2009\Psi-Ref Cri22, 252.pdfAbstract: The abuse of alcohol can engender serious public health problems in certain people. particularly due to its link to violence involving both men and women. This article has the aim to discuss the impact of alcohol in men and women regarding neurobiological mechanisms. emphasizing its psychoactive effects as well as its implication for violent behavior. An analysis was conduct based on reviews and articles in electronic databases. selected from 1996 to 2008 at Scielo. Lilacs, MEDLINE, Pub Med and Web of Science. From a total of 420 selected articles 90 were considered relevant for this analysis. It was evident that the abuse of alcohol causes changes in neurochemistry and in cognitive functions, and some of those changes lead to violent behavior in men and women. However. there are important differences between both genders and the type of aggressive behavior expressed. Studies on this topic are still rare and more research is necessary in order to develop better diagnostic tools and favor relevant neurobiological mechanisms for more effective treatments.Keywords: Adolescents, Aggression, Alcohol, Analysis, Behavior, Behavior, Brain, Brain, Cognition, Consumption, Databases, Domestic Violence, Female Rats, Gender, Impact, Lead, Medline, Pub Med, Public Health, Research, Science, Substance-Abuse Treatment, Use Disorders, Violence, Web of Science, Women? Quevedo-Blasco, R. and López-López, W. (2010), Bibliometric analysis of selected multidisciplinary journals of psychology recently incorporated in the Web of Science (2008-2009). Psicologia-Reflex?o e Crítica, 23 (2), 384-408.Full Text: 2010\Psi-Ref Cri23, 384.pdfAbstract: It was done a bibliometric analysis of the multidisciplinary journals of psychology recently incorporated in the Web of Science (WoS) in 2008 and 2009. A total of 448 “articles” and “revisions” was analyzed, where the nationality of the authors, the index of responsibility and the contents of the works were examined. The results show that Psicologia: Reflexao e Critica is the journal that has more published articles. There are differences in the diversity and number of collaborating countries, being the journal Universitas Psychologica the one that has greater representation of authors from different countries from the origin of the journal. There are more individual articles (31.25%), followed by works signed by two (28.57%) and three authors (21.43%), respectively. The majority of articles is classified within the areas of Social Psychology (18.75%), followed by articles of Clinical Psychology (16.74%) and works related to Psychology of Education (11.16%), clarifying that the greater contribution of clinical works comes from the Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental (with 40.7% of the total of its publications).Keywords: Academic-Achievement, Anales-De-Psicologia, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, College-Students, Contribution, Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Descriptive Study Through Document Analysis, High-School-Students, Journals, Mental-Health, Multidisciplinary Journals, Physical Self-Concept, Psychology, Psychometric Properties, Publications, Social Representations, University-Students, Web of ScienceTitle: PsicothemaFull Journal Title: PsicothemaISO Abbreviated Title: PsicothemaJCR Abbreviated Title: PsicothemaISSN: 0214-9915Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Rodriguez, S.M. and Moreno, A.S. (1998), Bibliometric analysis of the journal ‘Psicothema’ (1989-1997). Psicothema, 10 (1), 23-27.Full Text: 1998\Psicothema10, 23.pdfAbstract: This work presents a bibliometric analysis of the journal ‘Psicothema’ from the time of its first appearance in 1989 until July 1997. The principal findings were as follows: a total of 342 articles were published in 20 volumes, with an average of 17.1 articles per journal edition. 38.81% of the articles were the work of 2 authors, 28.94% were by one author and 19% by three authors, this being an average of 2.272 authors per article. The most prolific author was P.J. Ferrando Piera, who was responsible for 8 articles, followed by M.C. Luciano with 7 articles, and by 4 authors with 6 articles each. 94.35% of the authors of the articles were based at universities. 17.19% of them at the University of Oviedo and 11.54% at the Complutense University of Madrid. In accordance with their thematic content we found that 28.36% of the articles corresponded to the category of ‘Basic Psy chology’, 23.97% to ‘Methodology’ and 23.09% to ‘Personality, Evaluation and Treatment’Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Content, Evaluation, First, Journal, MAR, Time, Universities, Work? López, J.A.F., García, I.R. and Mejía, R.H. (1999), Psicometric properties of the Spanish version of the questionnaire PLC-PECVEC of Profile of Life quality in the Chronically ill. Psicothema, 11 (2), 293-303.Full Text: 1999\Psicothema11, 293.pdfAbstract: Psicometric properties of the Spanish version of the questionnaire PLC-PECVEC of Profile of Life quality in the Chronically ill. The present paper analize the psicometric properties of the Spanish version of the Profile of Life quality in the Chronically ill <<PLC>> (in Spanish Perfil de Calidad de Vida en Enfermos Cronicos <<PECVEC>>), in different ways of application and groups of subjects and compare the results with the reported by original version. The instrument of measurement of Quality of Life was applied in three differents groups of 30 subject each one: 1) Civil Personnel (White-Collars); 2) Students of the last course of the School of Medicine and 3) patients affected with Hypertension mild-moderated (Type I-II of the WHO). The questionnaire was filled in by 60 subjects in a self administered way and with 30 subjects was applied a standardized interview by the doctor or nurse. Several statistic analysis were made: Factor analysis exploratory from each scale (extraction PAF); internal-consistency reliability by coefficient alpha Cronbach; congruent coefficient between factorial solutions of the Spanish sample and another German sample using the original questionnaire and comparisons between the three groups using standardized multivariate and univariate test statistics. Our results show that the Spanish version has comparable properties to those described by the authors in the original version. It was found sufficient internal consistency and construction validity, as well as a good replication of the original factorial structure. The described differences for the groups under study demonstrate the discriminatory capacity of the questionnaire to identify groups of different health conditions.Keywords: Of-Life, Health? Buela-Casal, G., Carretero-Dios, H. and de los Santos-Riog, M. (2002), Comparative study of the Psychology journals with impact factor written in Spanish. Psicothema, 14 (4), 837-852.Full Text: 2002\Psicothema14, 837.pdfAbstract: Comparative study of the Psychology journals with impact factor written in Spanish. This study presents a comparative analysis among four psychology journals published in Spanish that have an impact factor (Psicothema, Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, Revista Mexicana de Psicologia, and Revista Interamericana de Psicologia). These journals are compared in terms of several bibliometric indices such as impact factor, weighted impact factor, mean impact factor of the periodicals where citations appear, immediate citation factor, and mean duration of citations. Additionally, a content analysis is made of the four periodicals considering the different academic fields of psychology and the methods of the published studies. The analysis shows that Psicothema obtains a better score in most bibliometric indices and that little interaction of citations among the four periodicals takes place. Regarding the comparison of methods, and academic fields, this study offers the number of papers according to the method of application (theoretical, descriptive by surveys, descriptive by observation, case studies, experimental, quasi-experimental, single case studies, instrumental, and others) and field (Personality, Psychological Assesment and Treatment, Social Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Psychobiology, Methodology, Developmental and Education Psychology, and Inter-field Psychology). Finally, some considerations are made on bibliometric indices, and the relationship between methods and academic fields.Keywords: Academic Goals, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indices, Case Studies, Citation, Citations, Content Analysis, Eating Disorders, Field, Hyperactivity-Disorder Scale, Impact, Impact Factor, Interaction, Journals, Latin-American, Papers, Periodicals, Psychometric Properties, Puerto-Rico, Quality-Of-Life, Self-Concept, Social-Psychology, Virgin-Islands? Buela-Casal, G. (2003), Evaluating quality of articles and scientific journals. Proposal of weighted impact factor and a quality index? Psicothema, 15 (1), 23-35.Full Text: 2003\Psicothema15, 23.pdfAbstract: The factor of impact and other bibliometric indices are currently used in several countries to evaluate the type and quality of scientific production. However, the impact factor (or prestige) rarely receives an accurate interpretation. Available impact factors display a number of shortcomings: they only refer to citations in the previous two or three years, and they do not take into account the impact or prestige of the periodicals where citations appear, so that every citation is given the same value, regardless of the periodical where it appears. In order to overcome these limitations, two indices are proposed: a mean impact factor of the journals where citations appear (FIMRC) and a weighted impact factor (FIP). Additionally, other useful indices are suggested for the analysis of interaction between periodicals: a percentage of partial interaction of citations (PIPC), and a percentage of mutual interaction among citations (PIMC). This paper explains their details a procedures for their calculation. Several problem areas are discussed, namely, peer review, the policy of publications, qualification of referees, and assessment criteria. It is also argued that quality of studies should not only be primarily evaluated in terms of the periodical where they are published. Finally, an alternative is offered for the assessment of quality of scientific articles and journals on three bases: what is to be evaluated, who is to be an evaluator, and possible criteria for evaluation. These considerations lead to a proposal for a quality index aside of impact or prestige.Keywords: Psychology, Science? Agudelo, D., Bretón-López, J. and Buela-Casal, G. (2003), Bibliometric analisis of the reviews of Clinical Psychology published in Spanish. Psicothema, 15 (4), 507-516.Full Text: 2003\Psicothema15, 507.pdfAbstract: Bibliometric analysis of the reviews of Clinical Psychology published in Spanish. This work is a bibliometric analysis of the reviews of Clinical Psychology published in Spanish in 2001 and 2002. The reviews are analyzed according to the number of articles that have been published, the nationalities of the signer authors, the index of authorship and the contents. There are differences in terms of their diversity and the number of countries that had collaborated. As, both the Revista Internacional de Psicologia Clinica y de la Salud/International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology and the Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica are the ones that have the greatest amount of authors whose nationalities are different from those of the original country of the review; there are a predominance of the articles shared by several authors; the contents of papers are especially of the areas Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Health Psychology and Inter-area. Some final reflections are achieved about found resultsKeywords: Impact Factor, Journals? Buela-Casal, G., Medina, A., Viedma, M.I., Godoy, V., Lozano, S. and Torres, G. (2004), Impact factor of three Spanish journals of psychology. Psicothema, 16 (4), 680-688.Full Text: 2004\Psicothema16, 680.pdfAbstract: Impact factor of three Spanish journals of psychology. The present study considers the necessity to study the impact factor of spanish psychology journals. In order to show the viability of this type of study, three of the most representative journals of spanish Psychology were selected: Papeles del Psicologo, Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta y Psicothema. As sources are used all those psychology journals that are edited in spanish and have published all their issues for the year 2003 and that they fulfill some given selections criterions. The bibliometric analysis was made by six psychologists previously trained in an exhaustive procedure. The results indicate that the three journals analyzed have a considerable impact factor for the year 2003: Andlisis y Modificacion de Conducta (IF= 1,05); Papeles del Psicologo (IF= 0,76) and Psicothema (IF= 0,60). This shows that the first two journals have an important impact factor in spite of not being included in the Journal Citation Reports and that Psicothema would actually have a greater impact factor if these journals (these analyzed here) were included in the databases of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). At Psicothema’s specific case, it is argumented that the IF obteined in this study (IF= 0,60) is more valid than the one aported by ISI (IF= 0,408) for 2003. As a conclusion it is illustrated the necessity to make this type of analysis for all spanish journals of psychology.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Databases, Impact, Impact Factor, Index, Institute For Scientific Information, ISI, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Scientific Information? Guilera, G., Gómez, J. and Hidalgo, M.D. (2006), Differential item functioning: A bibliometric analysis of journals published in Spanish. Psicothema, 18 (4), 841-847.Full Text: 2006\Psicothema18, 841.pdfAbstract: This study aims to provide an overview of scientific productivity with respect to articles published in Spanish on the issue of DIF The documents included in the study were identified using the Psicodoc database, as well as the Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index from the Web of Science. The analyses carried out are focused mainly on presenting the frequencies and percentages of publications with respect to various bibliometric indicators. The results reveal that interest in the issue of DIF has increased, and that the universities are the most productive institutions. The majority of articles have been published in the journal Psicothema.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Indicators, Institutions, Productivity, Psychology, Publications, Rajus Area Measures, Science Citation Index, Sciences, Scientific Production, Social Science Citation Index, Universities, Web of Science? Salgado, J.F. and Páez, D. (2007), Scientific productivity and Hirsch’s h index of Spanish social psychology: Convergence between productivity indexes and comparison with other areas. Psicothema, 19 (2), 179-189.Full Text: 2007\Psicothema19, 179.pdfAbstract: Scientific productivity and Hirsch’s It Index of Spanish social psychology: Convergence between productivity indexes and comparison with other areas. This article describes Hirsch’s h index as a measure of researchers’ scientific productivity and quality, examining its convergent validity with other productivity and quality measures (total citations, maximum citation, sexennials, years since earning Ph.D., and years as a full professor). It shows the distribution of the index among Spanish Social Psychology professors, and a comparison is made among the ten professors with highest h index of the six knowledge areas into which academic Psychology is divided in Spain. The results show that the index largely correlates with the citations but only very modestly with the number of sexennial investigations. The distributions by areas show that Psychobiology and Basic Psychology, as a whole, have a higher It index than the other areas, with Social Psychology in fourth place, Lastly, we discuss the implications of these results and we offer some recommendations for using the index in academic and research decision making.Keywords: Academic, Citation, Citations, Comparison, Convergent Validity, Correlates, Decision, Decision Making, Decision-Making, Distribution, Experience, h Index, h-Index, Human-Sciences, Impact, Index, Integrated Evaluation, Investigations, Journals, Knowledge, Measure, Productivity, Psychology, Quality, Quality Measures, Ranking, Recommendations, Research, Scientific Productivity, Social, Social Psychology, Spain, Spanish, Universities, Validity, Work? Franco, L.R., López-Cepero, J. and Díaz, F.J.R. (2009), Domestic violence: A bibliographic and bibliometric review. Psicothema, 21 (2), 248-254.Full Text: 2009\Psicothema21, 248.pdfAbstract: Domestic violence: A bibliographic and bibliometric review. Violence among relatives and emotionally linked people has recently made a huge social impact. Professionals have suggested diverse concepts to explain the issue, but they have not yet reached an agreement about these concepts. The present work focuses on the scientific yield associated with the keywords Domestic Violence, perhaps the most commonly used to refer to violence in romantic couples. A series of related publications is analyzed and data about publication years, countries, languages, sample genders, age groups, most prolific journals and authors, and victim-abuser relationships is provided, along with a reflection upon the correctness of the usage of the keyword.Keywords: Abuse, Age, Authors, Bibliometric, Children, Context, Couples, Data, Directions, Groups, Impact, Intervention, Intimate Partner Violence, Journals, Languages, Psychopathology, Publication, Publications, Reflection, Relationships, Review, Social, Violence, Women, Work, Workers? Osca-Lluch, J., Mollá, C.C. and Ortega, M.P. (2009), Consequences of the error in bibliographical references. Psicothema, 21 (2), 300-303.Full Text: 2009\Psicothema21, 300.pdfAbstract: Consequences of the error in bibliographical references. The specific case of the journal Psicothema The errors, as they appear in the databases of the Web of Science, found in the bibliographical citations of the works published ‘in Psicothema were analyzed. The most frequent error found is citing the title of the journal as Psicorhema, instead of Psicothema. The authors reveal the need to take more care when reviewing the titles of journals in the bibliographical references of the works. Such errors often prevent locating the works cited in the article. They also hinder authors’ evaluation of the works and the journals because many bibliometric indicators used to establish the rankings of the best journals of a specialty are calculated based on the number of citations of works published in the journals.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Care, Citations, Databases, Error, Errors, Evaluation, Impact Factor, Index, Indicators, Journal, Journals, Psychology, Rankings, References, Science, Spanish, Specialty, Web of Science? Guilera, G., Gómez-Benito, J. and Hidalgo, M.D. (2009), Scientific production on the Mantel-Haenszel procedure as a way of detecting DIF. Psicothema, 21 (3), 492-498.Full Text: 2009\Psicothema21, 492.pdfAbstract: For more than two decades, the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) procedure has been used to detect differential item functioning (DIF). A bibliometric study of this use of the MH procedure was conducted in order to better understand the current state of the research activity in the area (in terms of quantitative indicators and impact). Initially, we drew up a map of scientific output about this research area. and we subsequently conducted a detailed analysis of citations of authors and studies concerning the MH procedure. Main results suggest that the study of MH reached its peak in 1995: the most productive journal is the Journal of Educational Measurement. followed by Applied Psychological Measurement: the country with the greatest research output is the USA; the institutions that contribute to the research are mostly universities: the data fit Lotka’s law of frequency of publication and do not confirm the exponential fit proposed by Price; and finally. a very high concentration of citations can be observed during the 1990s. In this context, the MH procedure is still being utilized and studied, thus several developments and applications may appear in the future, representing new theoretical, empirical, and simulation publications.Keywords: Area, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Study, Citations, Identification, Impact, Indicators, Item, Logistic-Regression Procedures, Lotka’s Law, Nonuniform DIF, Performance, Publications, Research, Research Output, Samples, Standardization Approach, Utility? González-Alcaide, G., Castelló-Cogollos, L., Bola?os-Pizarro, M., Alonso-Arroyo, A., Valderrama-Zurián, J.C. and Aleixandre-Benavent, R. (2010), Twenty years of Spanish psychology research in Psicothema (1989-2008). Psicothema, 22 (1), 41-50.Full Text: 2010\Psicothema22, 41.pdfAbstract: Twenty years of Spanish psychological research in Psicothema (1989-2008). Scientific collaboration and gender equality are two spheres of great interest for the organizations responsible for instigating scientific policies. We have identified the research groups and women’s contribution to one of the most outstanding Spanish psychology journals. We have selected papers published during the 1989-2008 period in Psicothema. A bibliometric and network analysis was carried out using the Pajek Software tool. We have analysed 1,718 papers, written by 2,423 authors, 53.45% men and 47.54% women. We have identified 86 research groups made up of 293 researchers. We have observed a high increase of productivity and collaboration in the 1999-2008 period, as well as the consolidation, growth, and evolution of many incipient groups identified in the 1989-1998 period, benefiting from the increased interest and prestige of the journal. Despite the increase in the number of women, rising from 35.71% in 1989 to 48.48 in 2008, we have observed an imbalance with regard to productivity and the order of signatures, where women are relegated to intermediate positions.Keywords: Articles, Authorship, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Collaboration, Groups, Impact Factor, Index, Invisible College, Journals, Network, Network Analysis, Research, Sciences, Scientific Collaboration? Diaz, M.C., Garcia, J.L.P., Gomez-Benito, J. and Valle, A.A. (2010), A productivity map of cognitive pretest methods for improving survey questions. Psicothema, 22 (3), 475-481.Full Text: 2010\Psicothema22, 475.pdfAbstract: Interest in cognitive pretest methods for evaluating survey questionnaires has been increasing for the last three decades. However, analysing the features of the scientific output in the field can be difficult due to its prevalence in public and private institutes whose main mission is not scientific research. The aim of this research is to characterize the current state of scientific output in the field by means of two bibliometric studies for the period from 1980 to 2007. Study I analysed documents obtained from the more commonly used bibliographic databases. Study 2 supplemented the body of documents from Study I with documents from non-indexed journals, conference papers, etc. Results show a constant growth in the number of publications. The wide dispersion of publication sources, together with the highlighted role of the public and private institutions as centres of production. can also be identified as relevant characteristics of the scientific output in this field.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Publication, Research, Spanish? Olivas-Avila, J.A. and Musi-Lechuga, B. (2010), Doctoral theses production of the more productive Spanish psychology professors in the Web of Science. Psicothema, 22 (4), 917-923.Full Text: 2010\Psicothema22, 917.pdfAbstract: Doctoral theses production of the more productive Spanish psychology professors in the Web of Science. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the scientific production of the more productive Psychology faculty member of Spain through advised doctoral theses in the data base TESEO. The sample consisted of the 100 more productive professors of each one of the areas of Spanish Psychology. We reviewed a total of 4036 records of which 2339 belong to the 610 professors who conformed the sample. The results reveal that the percentage of professors who have not directed any thesis accounts for 24%. On the other hand, the proportion of thesis by professor by areas oscillates in a range of between 5.25 and 2.50, being Personality. Evaluation and Psychological Treatment the highest of this rank and Behavioral Sciences Methodology the last. In the last 7 years. the most productive professors have duplicated their theses direction. Finally, there is a rising trend in terms of theses read in every area, reaching the greater frequency in the years of 2003 and 2005. We discuss the considerations that represent the doctoral thesis direction for professors as criterion in their evaluation.Keywords: Doctoral Theses, Evaluation, Frequency, Guide, Hand, Internationality Index, Journals, Methodology, Personality, Programs, Psychological, Psychology, Science, Scientific Production, Scientific Productivity, Spain, Trend, Universities, Web of Science? Aluja, A., Becona, E., Botella, C., Colom, R., Echeburua, E., Forns, M., Perez, M. and Vila, J. (2011), Web of Science production quality indicators of ten professors’ at the area of personality, assessment and psychological treatment: Additional contributions to Olivas-Avila y Musi-Lechuga study. Psicothema, 23 (2), 267-273.Full Text: 2011\Psicothema23, 267.pdfAbstract: Web of Science production quality indicators of ten professors’ at the Area of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment: Additional contributions to Olivas-Avila y Musi-Lechuga study. Rankings of scientific productivity are increasingly relevant both from an individual and a collective perspective. Therefore, making sure they are based on reliable and exhaustive information is really important. This study clearly shows that available rankings change dramatically when internationally acknowledged bibliometric indices are considered. Data from the 10 Professors belonging to the ‘Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment’ Department considered in the recent analysis by Olivas-Avila y Musi-Lechuga (Psicothema 2010. Vol. 22, n degrees 4, pp. 909-916) are revisited here for illustrative purposes.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, h-Index, Indicators, Indices, Information, Productivity, Quality, Quality Indicators, Rankings, Recent, Sample, Science, Scientific Productivity, Treatment, Web of ScienceTitle: PsihologijaFull Journal Title: PsihologijaISO Abbreviated Title: PsihologijaJCR Abbreviated Title: PsihologijaISSN: 0048-5705Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Jevremov, T., Pajic, D. and Sipka, P. (2007), Structure of personality psychology based on cocitation analysis of prominent authors. Psihologija, 40 (2), 329-343.Full Text: 2007\Psihologija40, 329.pdfAbstract: Traditional Author Cocitation Analysis was applied in order to map the personality psychology as a research field. A group of 25 authors were selected from the Haggbloom (1999, 2002) lists of the most cited and prominent psychologists, judged to be the main contributors to the field. All of their cocitations identified in the three year volumes of SSCI were downloaded to be analyzed by cluster analysis and MDS. The analysis resulted in four clusters comprising (1) theorists of individual differences amalgamated with authors of biological orientation with R. Cattell positioned centrally, (2) behaviorists joined by socio-cognitive theorists led by M.E.P. Seligman and A. Bandura, and (3) the group of psychoanalytic (dynamic) theorists with A. Adler in the middle. In fourth cluster G. Allport, H. Murray, K. Lewin, W. Mischel, and D. Buss were found mixed together to make a rather heterogeneous group. In two-axes representation one of the dimensions was understood as reflecting methodological and the other one content-specific differences among the authors, although this interpretation is not univocal. The same procedure was repeated on citations given to the same authors in SocioFakt - the Serbian Citation Index for Social Sciences, revealing a reduced picture of the domain. At this portrait, some important authors are missing as a result of their low citation rate, suggesting that in the Serbian personality psychology entire research fields don’t exist.Keywords: Analysis, Author Cocitation Analysis, Bibliometric Mapping, Biological, Citation, Citations, Cluster, Cluster Analysis, Cocitation, Dynamic, Field, Intellectual Structure, MDS, Personality, Personality Psychology, Procedure, Psychology, Representation, Research, Science, SSCI, Structure of ScienceTitle: PsiquisFull Journal Title: PsiquisISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Ortigosa, J., Quiles, M. and Mendez, F., X. (2002), [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A decade later.]. Psiquis, 23 (1), 39-47.Abstract: Ten years after Francine Shapiro edited her first article about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing method (EMDR), interest in the therapeutic application, theoretical basis and involved physiological mechanisms has increased. The present article carries out a bibliometric analysis on the scientific production about this method a decade after its presentation to the scientific community. The main results indicate that the most productive year is 1996, United States is the country that has published most with regard the subject and the author with the greater number of bibliographical references is Francine Shapiro. On the other hand, posttraumatic stress disorder is the pathology in which EMDR has been principally applied.Title: PS-Political Science & PoliticsFull Journal Title: PS-Political Science & PoliticsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1049-0965Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Kelly, R.M. and Fisher, K. (1993), An assessment of articles about women in the top 15 political-science journals. PS-Political Science & Politics, 26 (3), 544-558Keywords: Articles, Journals? Young, C.D. (1995), An assessment of articles published by women in 15 top political-science journals. PS-Political Science & Politics, 28 (3), 525-533Keywords: Articles, Journals? Robinson, A.M. and Schlegl, K. (2005), Student use of the Internet for research projects: A problem? Our problem? What can we do about it? PS-Political Science & Politics, 38 (2), 311-315.Abstract: The Internet and other electronic media have changed the way undergraduate students conduct research. The effects of this technological change on the role of the professor are still not well understood. This article reports on the findings of a recent study that evaluated the scholarly content of student citations in a political science course and tested two interventions designed to improve their quality. The study finds that these students’ use of electronic sources was not as poor as some may have assumed, and that the quality of bibliographies improved when in-class instruction was combined with academic penalties. This article reflects on the study’s findings, and offers suggestions for how instructors might encourage students to improve the quality of their research.Keywords: Undergraduate Citation Behavior, Web? (2009), Top 10 most-read PS articles. PS-Political Science & Politics, 42 (3), 609.Keywords: Articles? McGuire, K.T. (2010), There was a crooked man (uscript): A not-so-serious look at the serious subject of plagiarism. PS-Political Science & Politics, 43 (1), 107-113.Abstract: The problem of plagiarism by political scientists has not received much attention. The incidence of plagiarism., however, may be greater than one would think. In this article, I offer a humorous look at what happened when a manuscript of mine was plagiarized. Based on my experience, I offer some suggestions on how scholars might detect and prevent plagiarism.Keywords: Plagiarism? Morgan, P. and Vaughn, J. (2010), The case of the pilfered paper: Implications of online writing assistance and web-based plagiarism detection services. PS-Political Science & Politics, 43 (4), 755-758.Abstract: While there is nothing new about academic dishonesty, how it is committed, prevented, and detected has been dramatically transformed by the advent of online technologies. This article briefly describes the concurrent emergence of online writing assistance services and Web-based plagiarism detection tools and examines the implications of both for student-faculty relations, faculty workload, and student learning. Finally, we provide three alternative strategies for deterring, detecting, and documenting all forms of plagiarism.Keywords: Academic Dishonesty, Learning, Plagiarism, Plagiarism Detection, WritingTitle: Psychiatric QuarterlyFull Journal Title: Psychiatric QuarterlyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Eytan, A. (2011), Religion and mental health during incarceration: A systematic literature review. Psychiatric Quarterly, 82 (4), 287-295.Full Text: 2011\Psy Qua82, 287.pdfAbstract: Religion and spirituality (RS) as a coping resource for facing stressful life events is encountered with increasing frequency in the medical literature. RS is associated with more favourable outcomes among people suffering from mental disorders. Detention is a stressful situation and the prevalence of mental disorders in places of detention is increased compared with the community. This literature review examined the association between RS and the mental health of detainees. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and the Internet were systematically searched from inception of each data base to August 1st 2010. Peer reviewed articles that reported primary empirical data about the impact of spirituality on the mental health and behaviour of detained persons were selected. Qualitative studies are also discussed. Twelve empirical studies including a total of 4,823 individuals met our inclusion criteria. RS is associated with lower frequency and severity of depressive episodes. The strongest reported effect of RS on prison life is a reduction of incidents and disciplinary sanctions. Prospective targeted studies are needed in order verify the hypothesis that RS reduces suicide among detainees.Keywords: Association, Detention, Frequency, Health, Impact, Inmates, Internet, Literature, Literature Review, Medical, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Outcomes, Participation, Prevalence, Primary, Prison, Prison, Pubmed, Reduction, Religion, Review, Science, Spirituality, Spirituality, Suicide, Systematic, Web of ScienceTitle: Psychiatric ServicesFull Journal Title: Psychiatric ServicesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Van Citters, A.D. and Bartels, S.J. (2004), A systematic review of the effectiveness of community-based mental health outreach services for older adults. Psychiatric Services, 55 (11), 1237-1249.Abstract: Objectives: Psychiatric outreach services that provide mental health assessment and treatment to older adults in their homes or communities are widely promoted as improving access and outcomes for older adults. However, a systematic review of the efficacy of these services has not been done. This review evaluates the evidence base for the effectiveness of outreach services for older adults with mental illness in noninstitutional. community settings. End points of interest include the ability of the outreach program to increase access to mental health services and improve psychiatric outcomes. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web-of-Science databases were searched for articles in English that were indexed through May 2004. Studies were included if they evaluated face-to-face psychiatric services provided to adults aged 65 and older with mental illness and if they were randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental outcome studies, uncontrolled cohort studies, or comparisons of two or more interventions. Articles were excluded that evaluated interventions that were provided in institutional settings or that focused on persons with dementia or their caregivers. Results: Fourteen studies matched all the inclusion criteria. Two studies (one controlled prospective study and one study that used a comparison group) found support for the use of gatekeepers-nontraditional referral sources-in identifying socially isolated older adults with mental illness. Twelve studies (five randomized controlled trials, one quasi-experimental study, and six uncontrolled cohort studies) found that home and community-based treatment of psychiatric symptoms were associated with improved or maintained psychiatric status. All randomized controlled trials reported improved depressive symptoms, and one reported improved overall psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions: Limited data supported the effectiveness of outreach services in identifying isolated older adults with mental illness. A more substantial evidence base indicated that home-based mental health treatment is effective in improving psychiatric symptoms. Studies are needed that apply more rigorous methods evaluating the efficacy of case identification models and subsequent treatment for older persons with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses.Keywords: Adults, Aged, Articles, Assessment, Care, Cohort Studies, Databases, Dementia, Depressive Symptoms, Effectiveness, Efficacy, Health Services, Homes, Illness, Interest, Intervention, Interventions, Medline, Mental Health, Methods, Nurse, Older Adults, Outcome, Outcomes, Patients Aged 65, People, Points, Program, Prospective Study, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Review, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, United-States, Web of Science? Choe, J.Y., Teplin, L.A. and Abram, K.M. (2008), Perpetration of violence, violent victimization, and severe mental illness: Balancing public health concerns. Psychiatric Services, 59 (2), 153-164.Abstract: Objective: This review examined U. S. empirical studies published since 1990 of the perpetration of violence and of violent victimization among persons with severe mental illness and their relative importance as public health concerns. Methods: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for published empirical investigations of recent prevalence or incidence of perpetration or victimization among persons with severe mental illness. Studies of special populations were included if separate rates were reported for persons with and without severe mental illness. Results: The search yielded 31 studies of violence perpetration and ten studies of violent victimization. Few examined perpetration and victimization in the same sample. Prevalence rates varied by sample type and time frame (recall period). Half of the studies of perpetration examined inpatients; of these, about half sampled only committed inpatients, whose rates of perpetration (17%-50%) were higher than those of other samples. Among outpatients, 2% to 13% had perpetrated violence in the past six months to three years, compared with 20% to 34% who had been violently victimized. Studies combining outpatients and inpatients reported that 12% to 22% had perpetrated violence in the past six to 18 months, compared with 35% who had been a victim in the past year. Conclusions: Perpetration of violence and violent victimization are more common among persons with severe mental illness than in the general population. Victimization is a greater public health concern than perpetration. Ironically, the discipline’s focus on perpetration among inpatients may contribute to negative stereotypes.Keywords: Behavior, Community-Based Treatment, Disorder, Incidence, Medline, Methods, National Comorbidity Survey, Outpatient Commitment, Prevalence, Psychiatric-Patients, Public Health, Review, Risk-Assessment, Science, Service Use, Sexual Assault, Social Support, Web of Science? Dumesnil, H. and Verger, P. (2009), Public awareness campaigns about depression and suicide: A review. Psychiatric Services, 60 (9), 1203-1213.Abstract: Objective: Numerous institutions, including the World Health Organization, recommend education campaigns targeted at the general public to improve awareness of suicidal crises and, more broadly, of depression; to improve access to care; and to combat the stigma associated with these illnesses and discrimination against people who have them. The purpose of this literature review was to gather information on campaigns about depression or suicide awareness and summarize data on the impact and effectiveness of these campaigns. Methods: A search was conducted of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, HDA (Health Development Agency) Evidence Base, DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects), and the ISI Web of Science to identify articles written in English and published between 1987 and 2007 that described depression or suicide awareness programs that targeted the public. Results: Among the 200 publications for which references were found, 43 publications that described 15 programs in eight countries met inclusion criteria. Comparing the programs was difficult because of the diversity of their objectives and the methods used to deliver the programs and to evaluate them. Results suggest that these programs contributed to a modest improvement in public knowledge of and attitudes toward depression or suicide, but most program evaluations did not assess the durability of the attitude changes. No study has clearly demonstrated that such campaigns help to increase care seeking or to decrease suicidal behavior. Conclusions: Developing guidelines for assessment of public education campaigns to improve knowledge about suicide and depression is essential for the sharing of knowledge among scientists and stakeholders. (Psychiatric Services 60: 1203-1213, 2009).Keywords: Assessment, Attitude, Attitudes, Australia, Awareness, Cochrane, Database, Depression, Discrimination, Education, Effectiveness, General Public, Guidelines, Health, Health Campaign, Impact, Information, ISI, Knowledge, Literature, Literature Review, Medline, Methods, Preventive Interventions, Primary-Care, Publications, Recognize Mental-Disorders, Review, Risk, Science, Strategies, Web of Science, Youth SuicideTitle: Psychiatrische PraxisFull Journal Title: Psychiatrische PraxisISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Roick, C. and Riedel-Heller, S.G. (2009), Social-psychiatric papers from the journal “Psychiatrische Praxis”: Taken from national and international sources the most-cited scientific papers in volume 33 of the Journal “Psychiatrische Praxis”. Psychiatrische Praxis, 36 (1), 1.? Glaesmer, H., Petermann, F. and Schussler, G. (2009), Does the recent psychosocial research consider the perspective of developmental psychopathology? A bibliometric analysis of three German journals. Psychiatrische Praxis, 36 (7), 311-316.Full Text: 2009\Psy Pra36, 311.pdfAbstract: Objectives Developmental psychopathology is studying the development of psychological disorders with a life Course perspective and an interdisciplinary approach considering the interplay of biological, psychological and social factors in complex models. The bibliometric analysis examines the implementation of this concept in the recent psychosocial research in the Get-ilia man-speaking area Methods Volumes 2007 and 2008 of three German psychological journals “Zeitschrift fur Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizinische Psychologie”, “Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie”, and “Zeitschrift fur Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie” were screened for articles dealing with Issues of developmental psychopathology. 46 articles were identified and evaluated. Results Several aspects of developmental psychopathology are considered in a vast number Of Studies, but there is a main focus oil risk factors, but not on protective factors and most of the Studies are based on cross-sectional designs. Conclusions Most of the recent practice in psychosocial research is not beneficial for the identification of causal effects or the complex interplay of risk and protective factors in the development of psychological disorders. Thus. longitudinal Studies, taking biological, psychological and social factors and their interplay into account are essential to meet the requirement of developmental psychopathology.Keywords: Adolescents, Affective Facial Behavior, Attachment, Bibliometric Analysis, Childhood, Developmental Psychopathology, Medicine, Mental Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Personality-Disorder, Protective Factors, Quality-of-Life, Risk Factors, Social Anxiety Disorders, Symptoms? Riedel-Heller, S.G. and Roick, C. (2010), Congratulations: The most cited contributions in volume 34 of Psychiatrische Praxis. Psychiatrische Praxis, 37 (1), 3.Keywords: Germany, Mental-Health-Care? Riedel-Heller, S. (2011), The most cited articles in volume 35 of Psychiatrische Praxis - Congratulations! Psychiatrische Praxis, 38 (1), 4.Full Text: 2011\Psy Pra38, 4.pdfKeywords: Care, Costs, Model? Sikorski, C., Luppa, M., Kersting, A., Konig, H.H. and Riedel-Heller, S.G. (2011), Computer-aided cognitive behavioral therapy for depression a systematic review of the literature. Psychiatrische Praxis, 38 (2), 61-68.Full Text: 2011\Psy Pra38, 61.pdfAbstract: Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature search in order to assess effectiveness of computer- and internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT). Methods MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched for relevant articles. Only RCTs were included. Effect sizes were calculated and quality of studies was assessed. Results 16 studies were retrieved and included. Effect sizes depended on therapist time involvement and control group intervention (waiting list vs. active control group) and ranged between 0.0 and 1.1. Conclusions CCBT provides an effective and potentially cost-effective interventional strategy for depressive disorders. Effects of no and minimal contact therapies are confounded with conditions of control groups and need further investigation. While patients with Major Depression seem to benefit from computer-based therapy with regular therapist contact, it remains unclear whether unattended self-help interventions over the internet are effective for this patient population. However, these interventions are effective in patients with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology. CCBT may serve as a first step of treatment within stepped care approaches and may help to offer treatment to individuals in remote areas and to decrease barriers to seek psychiatric care caused by stigma perception.Keywords: Adult Depression, Barriers, Cochrane, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Computer, Computer-Assisted Therapy, Control, Control Groups, Controlled Clinical-Trial, Depression, Effectiveness, Follow-Up, Intervention, Interventions, Involvement, Literature, Mental-Disorders, Methods, Perception, Primary-Care, Psychological Treatments, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Review, Science, Self-Help, Strategy, Subthreshold Depression, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment, United-States, Web of ScienceTitle: PsychiatryFull Journal Title: PsychiatryISO Abbreviated Title: PsychiatryJCR Abbreviated Title: PsychiatryISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Lin, T.Y. (1953), A study of the incidence of mental disorder in Chinese and other cultures. Psychiatry, 16 (4), 313-336.Full Text: 1953\Psychiatry16, 313.pdfAbstract: Based on a survey of 3 Chinese communities in Formosa including 19,931 individuals during 1946-48, the incidence of mental disorder in Chinese culture is presented. The census visit method was used and the findings are reported in statistical tables. Comparison with other cultures are attempted despite the difficulties in the present state of psychiatric knowledge. Comments are offered upon the mental hygiene program in Formosa. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)Title: Psychiatry InvestigationFull Journal Title: Psychiatry InvestigationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Tyrer, P. (2008), The wind of change in psychiatric publications. Psychiatry Investigation, 5 (2), 67-69.Abstract: It is getting more difficult to get papers published that it used to be, even though many more journals are available. This article is written mainly for young researchers who are ambitious to get their research published in the best possible journals. A systematic strategic policy is Suggested that does not necessarily contradict the aims of achieving the best possible science.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Impact Factor, Journals, Jun, Papers, Policy, Psychiatric Research, Publication, Publications, Research, Science, Strategic, Systematic, YoungTitle: Psychiatry ResearchFull Journal Title: Psychiatry ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Mendlowicz, M.V., Braga, R.J., Cabizuca, M., Land, M.G. and Figueira, I.L. (2006), A comparison of publication trends on avoidant personality disorder and social phobia. Psychiatry Research, 144 (2-3), 205-209.Abstract: The objective of this study was to ascertain the number of articles published per annum on the topics of avoidant personality disorder (APD) and social phobia (SP) in the period from 1973 to 2001. We hypothesized that while annual publication rates on SP would exhibit a sound growth, the number of scientific articles on APD published per annum would present a stagnant or declining trend. We performed a comprehensive literature review on APD and SP using the three largest existing databases for medical and psychological journals: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The references were gathered by means of the Reference Manager version 9.5 software and transferred to an SPSS version 10 database for statistical analysis. The data were then input into regression models with the goal of predicting future growth of the scientific literature in these areas. The number of journal articles published annually on SP has steadily increased in the period from 1973 (1 article) to 2001 (1,18 articles). In contrast, the production of scientific literature on APD peaked in 1986 (5 articles) and subsequently declined. During the last decade reviewed, an average of fewer than two articles on APD was published per annum. Given the declining trend identified in this study, we believe that it is unlikely that the publication of scientific articles on APD will provide the empirical evidence required to validate this disorder in a foreseeable future. The permanence of APD on the rolls of the personality disorders should therefore be reassessed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Analysis, Anxiety Disorders, Avoidant Personality Disorder, Databases, Disorder, DSM-IV, Journal, Journals, Literature, Literature Review, Medical, Medline, Personality Disorders, Psychological, Publication, Publication Trends, Review, Science, Social, Social Anxiety, Social Phobia, Software, Statistical, Subtypes, Topics, Trend, Trends, Web of Science? Wilk, K. and Hegerl, U. (2010), Time of mood switches in ultra-rapid cycling disorder: A brief review. Psychiatry Research, 180 (1), 1-4.Abstract: The aim of this review is to assess the typical time of day that mood switches occur in ultra-rapid cycling disorder It shall be determined whether switches Into depression or (hypo)mania are likelier to occur at particular times of the day or night and whether a pattern of mood switch times can be discerned for different cycle lengths Case reports giving information about cycle lengths and the times of day when switches have occurred were systematically compiled (sources MEDLINE and Web of Science) Cases with ultra-rapid (cycle lengths of days to weeks including 48-h cycling) or ultra-ultra-rapid cycling (cycle lengths up to 24 h) were included (35 publications with 42 case reports) In cases with cycle lengths of days to weeks (n=11) switches appeared to occur at any time of the day Patients with regular 48-h cycling (n=28) switched to depression or mania most often during nighttime hours In all three patients with cycle lengths up to 24 h (ultra-ultra-rapid cycling) switches into depression occurred at night and switches into mania occurred at daytime These findings indicate that in patients with mood cycles of 48 h or less the switch process is closely linked to circadian aspects (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved.Keywords: 48 Hour Cycling, Bipolar Disorder, Case Reports, Depression, Disorder, Illness, Information, Mania, Manic-Depressive Cycles, Mood, Mood Switch, Nimodipine, Patient, Publications, Review, Science, Sleep-Deprivation, Time, Ultra Rapid Cycling, Ultradian Cycling, Web of ScienceTitle: Psycho-OncologyFull Journal Title: Psycho-OncologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1057-9249Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? ?lvarez, M.R. (2008), 25 years of psychooncology in Spain: A bibliometric analysis, 1981-2006. Psycho-Oncology, 17 (S2), S316.Full Text: 2008\Psy-Onc17, S316.pdfKeywords: Analysis, Bibliometric Analysis, Spain? Han, H.R., Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.E., Hedlin, H.K., Song, H.J., Song, Y.S. and Kim, M.T. (2011), Interventions that increase use of Pap tests among ethnic minority women: A meta-analysis. Psycho-Oncology, 20 (4), 341-351.Full Text: 2011\Psy-Onc20, 341.pdfAbstract: Objective: Although a variety of intervention methods have been used to promote Pap test screening among ethnic minority women in the US, the effectiveness of such interventions is unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the overall effectiveness of these interventions in increasing Pap test use by ethnic minority women in the US. Methods: A search of databases (MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsyciNFO, and Science citation Index-Expanded) and review articles for articles published between 1984 and April 2009 identified 18 randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The primary study outcome was the difference in the proportion of Pap tests between the treatment and comparison groups. Results: The pooled mean weighted effect size (d) for the 18 studies was 0.158 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.100, 0.215), indicating that the interventions were effective in improving Pap test use among ethnic minority women. Among the intervention types, access enhancement yielded the largest effect size (0.253 [95% CI = 50.110, 0.397]), followed by community education (0.167 [95% CI = 0.057, 0.278]) and individual counseling or letters (0.132 [95% CI = 0.069, 0.195]). Combined intervention effects were significant for studies targeting Asian (0.177 [95% CI = 0.098, 0.256]) and African American women (0.146 [95% CI = 0.028, 0.265]), but not Hispanic women (0.116 [95% CI = -0.008, 0.240]). Conclusions: Pap test use among ethnic minority women is most likely to increase when access-enhancing strategies are combined. Further research is needed to determine whether more tightly controlled trials of such interventions might reveal an improved rate of cervical cancer screening in Hispanic women as well. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Access, African American, Asian, Cancer, Cancer Screening, Cervical Cancer, Cervical Cancer Screening, Cervical-Cancer, Citation, Clinical-Trials, Community, Comparison, Confidence, Databases, Education, Effect Size, Effectiveness, Ethnic Minority, Health Worker Outreach, Hispanic, Improve Breast, Interval, Intervention, Intervention Effects, Interventions, Literature, Low-Income, Mammography, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Metaanalysis, Methods, Outcome, Pap, Pap Test, Preventive Care, Primary, Randomized, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Review, Science, Screening, Size, Targeting, Treatment, US, Vietnamese-American Women, Women? Dale, H.L., Adair, P.M. and Humphris, G.M. (2010), Systematic review of post-treatment psychosocial and behaviour change interventions for men with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 19 (3), 227-237.Full Text: 2010\Psy-Onc19, 227.pdfAbstract: Objectives: The psychosocial impacts of a cancer diagnosis include reduced quality of life, poorer inter-personal relationships, hopelessness and mental illness. Worse outcomes, including mortality rates have been found for single men with cancer compared with women and partnered men. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of post-treatment psychosocial and behaviour change interventions for adult men with cancer, in order to inform the development of an intervention. A focus on single men was intended. Methods: Ten databases were searched via Ovid and Web of Science. Papers were systematically extracted by title, abstract and full paper according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Full papers were assessed by two authors. Inclusion criteria: participants at any stage of a cancer diagnosis, >= 50% male and aged 18+; psychosocial and/or behavioural post-treatment interventions, using any format; a one three level of evidence. Couple/carer/family interventions were excluded. Results: From 9948 studies initially identified, 11 were finally included in the review. They implemented cognitive behaviour therapy, hypnosis or psychoeducational interventions. All studies had some positive results, however, lack of reporting of intervention content and methodological issues limit the findings. No studies intervened with single men, and none provided comparative outcomes for marital status. Conclusions: Effectiveness of interventions was difficult to assess as, while all had benefits, their generalisability was limited due to methodological and reporting limitations. Improved reporting procedures are required to allow for replication. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Active-For-Life, Adult, Aged, Authors, Behaviour Change, Breast-Cancer, Cancer, Cell Lung-Cancer, Copyright, Databases, Development, Diagnosis, Effectiveness, Intervention, Interventions, Localized Prostate-Cancer, Male, Men, Methods, Mortality, Neck-Cancer, Oncology, Outcomes, Papers, Physical-Activity, Psychological Interventions, Psychosocial, Quality of Life, Quality-of-Life, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Review, Science, Stress-Management Skills, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Web of Science, Women? Visser, A., Garssen, B. and Vingerhoets, A. (2010), Spirituality and well-being in cancer patients: A review. Psycho-Oncology, 19 (6), 565-572.Full Text: 2010\Psy-Onc19, 565.pdfAbstract: Objective: Cancer places many demands on the patient and threatens the person’s sense of meaning to life. It has been shown that cancer patients use their spirituality to cope with these experiences. The present literature review summarizes the research findings on the relationship between spirituality and emotional well-being. Special attention is given to the strength of the research findings. Methods: A literature search was performed in PUBMED and Web of Science. Spirituality does not necessarily coincide with religiosity. Therefore, studies were excluded that focused on religiosity. Forty publications met the inclusion criteria: Twenty-seven studies that investigated the relationship between spirituality and well-being, and 13 publications that explored the relationship between meaning in life and well-being. Results: The majority of the cross-sectional studies (31 of 36) found a positive association between spirituality and well-being. The four studies with a longitudinal design showed mixed results. The significance of the findings is challenged, because most spirituality questionnaires contain several items that directly refer to emotional well-being. Conclusions: Despite that the majority of the studies concluded that spirituality was associated with higher well-being, no definitive conclusions on this relationship can be drawn due to major methodological shortcomings of these studies. Longitudinal research utilizing spirituality and well-being measures that do not overlap in content is recommended. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Attention, Breast-Cancer, Cancer, Copyright, Depression, Design, Family Caregivers, Health, Literature, Literature Review, Meaning in Life, Methods, Oncology, Oncology Patients, Prostate-Cancer, Psychological Adjustment, Publications, Quality-of-Life, Questionnaires, Research, Review, Science, Spirituality, Strength, Survivors, Terminally-Ill, Web of Science, Well-BeingTitle: Psychologie FrancaiseFull Journal Title: Psychologie FrancaiseISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Sch?pfel, J. and Prost, H. (2009), Comparison of SCImago Journal Rank Indicator (SJR) with JCR journal impact factor (IF) for French journals. Psychologie Francaise, 54 (4), 287-305.Full Text: 2009\Psy Fra54, 287.pdfAbstract: One of the major functions of academic journals is to contribute to the evaluation of research activities and scientists. Invented more than 50 years ago, the ISI impact factor (IF) became the most important indicator of the quality of journals, in spite of well-known problems and critics such as the over-representation of English-language journals. This is a specific problem for French publishers and scientists; publishing in French is not valorising. Since 2007, the new SCImago Journal Rank Indicator (SJR) offers an alternative to the IF. SJR applies the Google algorithm (PageRank) to the journals of the SCOPUS bibliographic database that indexes more journals than ISI Web of Science. The goal of our study is to compare the two indicators for French academic journals, with three questions: Which is the coverage of French journals by ISI and SCOPUS (title number, scientific disciplines)? Which are the differences of the two indicators IF and SJR for the ranking of French journals? How do they cover the French academic journal publishing market (representativity)? The results of our study of 368 French journals with IF and/or SJR are in favour of the usage of the new indicator, at least as a complement to the IF. (1) Coverage: 166 journals are indexed by ISI (45%), 345 journals are indexed by SCOPUS (94%), 143 journals are indexed by both (39%). 82% of the journals are from STM, 18% are from SS&H. In particular, SCOPUS covers much better the medical and pharmacological sciences. (2) Ranking: The correlation of IF and SJR for the 143 journals with both indicators is high (0.76). The IF better differentiates the journals than the SJR indicator (155 vs. 89 rankings). On the other side, because of the larger source database, more French titles become visible on an international level through SJR than through IF. (3) Representativity: The SJR is more interesting and representative of the French academic journal publishing market than the IF (19% vs. 9%), especially for STM titles (38% vs. 19%), much less for SS&H titles (6% vs. 2%). Nevertheless, ISI (Web of Science) and SCOPUS index journals from only a small part of the French academic publishers (10%-20%). Again, SCOPUS is more representative than the ISI dababase (17% of the publishers vs. 10%). Methodological problems and perspective of a multidimensional evaluation are discussed. Our study compares the ISI impact factor (IF) with the new SJR for 368 French academic journals with IF and/or SJR. The results: The SJR coverage is better than of the IF (94% vs. 45%), especially in medical sciences. The correlation of IF and SJR for journals with both indicators is high (0.76). The IF better differentiates the journals than the SJR indicator (155 vs. 89 rankings). The SJR coverage is more representative of the French academic journal publishing market than ISI/IF (19% vs. 9%), especially for STM titles (38% vs. 19%), less for SS&H titles (6% vs. 2%). (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Societe francaise de psychologie.Keywords: Bibliographic Databases, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation Analysis, Coverage, Evaluation, French Journals, Impact, ISI, Medical Journals, Quality of Publications, Rankings, Research, Scientometrics, Scopus, Web-of-ScienceTitle: Psychological AssessmentFull Journal Title: Psychological AssessmentISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Chan, A.S., Shum, D. and Cheung, R.W.Y. (2003), Recent development of cognitive and neuropsychological assessment in Asian countries. Psychological Assessment, 15 (3), 257-267.Full Text: 2003\Psy Ass15, 257.pdfAbstract: There is a growing trend of research in neuropsychological assessment in Asia: The mean number of published studies increased from 1.8 in the 1980s to 16.0 in 2 recent years. About 40% of the studies reviewed concerned test development or adaptation, with the latter greatly outnumbering the former. To facilitate the test selection for clinical use, 36 clinical measures were evaluated based on some statistical criteria. The results showed that only 8 neuropsychological tests (5 Chinese, 2 Korean, and 1 Japanese) met the criteria. Given that Asian and Western populations differ on certain cognitive processes, future development of neuropsychological assessment measures in Asia should move from the adaptation of Western tests toward the construction of original tests with better ecological validity.Keywords: Adaptation, Asia, Asian, Assessment, Chinese, Clinical, Construction, Criteria, Development, Populations, Research, Trend, ValidityTitle: Psychological BulletinFull Journal Title: Psychological BulletinISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorNots: highly cited? Bentler, P.M. (1992), On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin. Psychological Bulletin, 112 (3), 400-404.Full Text: 1992\Psy Bul112, 400.pdfAbstract: It is noted that 7 of the 10 top-cited articles in the Psychological Bulletin deal with methodological topics. One of these is the Bentler-Bonett (1980) article on the assessment of fit in covariance structure models. Some context is provided on the popularity of this article. In addition, a citation study of methodology articles appearing in the Bulletin since 1978 was carried out. It verified that publications in design, evaluation, measurement, and statistics continue to be important to psychological research. Some thoughts are offered on the role of the journal in making developments in these areas more accessible to psychologists.Keywords: Citation, Goodness, Indexes, Journal, Reliability, Research, Statistics, Structural Equation Models, VariablesNotes: Highly cited? Barkley, R.A. (1997), Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121 (1), 65-94.Full Text: Psy Bul121, 65.pdfAbstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comprises a deficit in behavioral inhibition. A theoretical model is constructed that links inhibition to 4 executive neuropsychological functions that appear to depend on it for their effective execution: (a) working memory, (b) self-regulation of affect-motivation-arousal, (c) internalization of speech, and (d) reconstitution (behavioral analysis and synthesis). Extended to ADHD, the model predicts that ADHD should be associated with secondary impairments in these 4 executive abilities and the motor control they afford. The author reviews evidence for each of these domains of functioning and finds it to be strongest for deficits in behavioral inhibition, working memory, regulation of motivation, and motor control in those with ADHD. Although the model is promising as a potential theory of self-control and ADHD, far more research is required to evaluate its merits and the many predictions it makes about ADHD.Keywords: Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Childrens Private Speech, Covert Antisocial-Behavior, Frontal-Lobe Dysfunction, Self-Control, Hyperkinetic Children, Reading-Disability, Normal Boys, Production Deficiencies, Sociometric StatusTitle: Psychological MedicineFull Journal Title: Psychological MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: Psychol. Med.JCR Abbreviated Title: Psychol MedISSN: 0033-2917Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Cambridge Univ PressPublisher Address: 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211Subject Categories: Psychiatry Psychology: Impact Factor? Carr, V.J., Lewin, T.J., Webster, R.A., Hazell, P.L., Kenardy, J.A. and Carter, G.L. (1995), Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake. 1. Community disaster experiences and psychological morbidity 6 months post disaster. Psychological Medicine, 25 (3), 539-555.Full Text: Abstract: A stratified random sample of 3007 Australian adults completed a screening questionnaire 6 months after the 1989 Newcastle earthquake. Information was obtained on initial earthquake experiences and reactions, use of specific services, social support, coping strategies and psychological morbidity. This questionnaire was the first phase of the Quake Impact Study, a longitudinal project investigating the psychosocial impact of the earthquake. Two weighted indices of exposure were developed: a threat index, which measured exposure to injury or the possibility of injury; and a disruption index, which measured experiences of property damage, displacement and other losses. Levels of exposure to threat and disruption events were significant predictors of morbidity on both the General Health Questionnaire and Impact of Event Scale, as were coping style and gender. Effects of exposure to threat and disruption were largely additive, with higher exposure being associated with greater use of support services, higher perceived stressfulness and more severe psychological morbidity. Use of avoidance as a coping strategy, female gender, lower social support and being older were also associated with higher post-disaster psychological distress. It was estimated that 14.8% of the population was exposed to high levels of threat or disruption, of whom approximately 25% experienced moderate to severe psychological distress as a direct result of the disaster. It was further estimated that 18.3% of those exposed to high levels of threat were at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, representing approximately 2% of the city’s adult population.? Roberts, M.E., Tchanturia, K., Stahl, D., Southgate, L. and Treasure, J. (2007), A systematic review and meta-analysis of set-shifting ability in eating disorders. Psychological Medicine, 37 (8), 1075-1084.Full Text: 2007\Psy Med37, 1075.pdfAbstract: Background. The aim was to critically appraise and synthesize the literature relating to set-shifting ability in eating disorders. PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched to December 2005. Hand searching of eating-disorder journals and relevant reference sections was also undertaken. Method. The 15 selected studies contained both eating disorder and healthy control groups, and employed at least one of the following six neuropsychological measures of set-shifting ability; Trail Making Test (TMT), Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), Brixton task, Haptic Illusion, CatBat task, or the set-shifting subset of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The outcome variable was performance on the set-shifting aspect of the task. Pooled standardized mean differences (effect sizes) were calculated. Results. TMT, WCST, CatBat and Haptic tasks had sufficient sample sizes for meta-analysis. These four tasks yielded acceptable pooled standardized effect sizes (0.36; TMT - 1.05; Haptic) with moderate variation within studies (as measured by confidence intervals). The Brixton task showed a small pooled mean difference, and displayed more variation between sample results. The effect size for CANTAB set shifting was 0.17. Conclusion. Problems in set shifting as measured by a variety of neuropsychological tasks are present in people with eating disorders.Keywords: 1st-Degree Relatives, Adolescents, Anorexia-Nervosa, Bulimia-Nervosa, Cognitive Flexibility, Confidence Intervals, Control, Control Groups, Databases, Deficits, Disorder, Eating Disorders, Euthymic Patients, Haptic Perception, Journals, Literature, Meta-Analysis, Outcome, Review, Schizophrenia, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science, Weight-Gain? Kranenburg, L., Zuidema, W., Erdman, R., Weimar, W., Passchier, J. and Busschbach, J. (2008), The psychological evaluation of Samaritan kidney donors: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38 (2), 177-185.Full Text: 2008\Psy Med38, 177.pdfAbstract: Background. Living kidney donation to a loved one has become common practice. Another type of living donation that is becoming more acceptable to the transplant community is ‘Samaritan donation’. Samaritan kidney donors are willing to donate to patients they do not know. Until recently there has been great reluctance to accept the offers of Samaritan donors because it was feared that these donors might be mentally unstable. Method. The purpose of this article is to review the literature about the psychological evaluation of potential Samaritan kidney donors for donor suitability. We have performed a systematic literature search in PUBMED, ISI Web of Science and PsycINFO. We compare and discuss how each study approaches the question about Samaritan donor selection. In addition, we have also screened the studies for reports of rejections of Samaritan donors on psychological grounds. Results. We have found five articles that at least in some detail describe the evaluation of potential Samaritan donors. For all five articles found, a consultation with either a psychiatrist or a psychologist formed a standard part of the donor evaluation procedure. This evaluation consisted of an interview, and in most instances, additional psychometric testing. According to the articles found, the two major criteria for donor rejection were psychopathology/psychological instability and motivational issues. Three studies reported on the rejection of potential donors on psychological grounds. Conclusions. The evaluation of Samaritan kidney donors is a developing field in clinical medicine. Given the relatively low incidence of these types of donations, we recommend the exchange of experience between centres that run a Samaritan donor programme, in order to improve donor evaluation criteria.Keywords: Attitudes, Clinical Medicine, Consultation, Donation, Evaluation, Experience, Incidence, ISI, Literature, Living Donors, Living Kidney Donation, Medicine, Nondirected Kidney, Practice, Program, Psychological, Psychological Evaluation, Review, Samaritan Donation, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Transplantation, Web of Science? Lopez, C., Tchanturia, K., Stahl, D. and Treasure, J. (2008), Central coherence in eating disorders: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38 (10), 1393-1404.Full Text: 2008\Psy Med38, 1393.pdfAbstract: Background. This review systematically appraised the research evidence for local versus global information processing to test the hypothesis that people with eating disorders (ED) had weak central coherence. Method. Searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ISI Web of Science databases were conducted in November 2006 and subsequently updated in September 2007. Each search was conducted in two steps: (1) neuropsychological tasks measuring central coherence and (2) words related to cognitive functioning in eating disorders. Data were summarized in a meta-analysis if the number of studies for a given test was > 5. Results. Data were extracted from 16 studies. Meta-analyses were conducted for four tasks obtaining moderate effect sizes. The majority of studies found global processing difficulties across the ED spectrum. The results are less clear regarding local processing. Conclusions. People with ED have difficulties in global processing. It is less certain as to whether they have superior local processing. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to refute the weak central coherence hypothesis.Keywords: Anorexia Nervosa, Anorexia-Nervosa, Asperger-Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa, Bulimia-Nervosa, Cognitive Function, Cognitive-Style, Databases, Eating Disorders, Embase, Field-Dependence, Global Processing, Impairment, Information, Information Processing, ISI, Local Processing, Meta-Analysis, Research, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Weak Coherence, Weak Coherence, Web of Science, Weight-Gain, Women? Hamer, M. and Chida, Y. (2009), Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychological Medicine, 39 (1), 3-11.Full Text: 2009\Psy Med39, 3.pdfAbstract: Background. The association between physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative diseases is not well established. We therefore aimed to quantify this association using meta-analytical techniques. Method. We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2007 for prospective epidemiological studies of physical activity and incident dementia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. We excluded studies of physical activity and cognitive decline without diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease. Information on study design, participant characteristics, measurement of exposure and outcome variables, adjustment for potential confounding, and estimates of associations was abstracted independently by the two investigators. Results. We included 16 prospective studies in the overall analysis, which incorporated 163797 non-demented participants at baseline with 3219 cases at follow-up. We calculated pooled relative risk (RR) using a random effects model. The RR of dementia in the highest physical activity category compared with the lowest was 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.86, p < 0.001], for Alzheimer’s, 0.55 (95% CI 0.36-0.84, p = 0.006), and for Parkinson’s 0.82 (95%, CI 0.57-1.18, p = 0.28). Conclusions. Our results suggest that physical activity is inversely associated with risk of dementia. Future studies should examine the optimal dose of physical activity to induce protection, which presently remains unclear.Keywords: Alzheimers-Disease, Analysis, Brain Health, Cochrane, Cognition, Cognitive Decline, Cognitive Impairment, Confounding, Database, Databases, Decline, Dementia, Dementia, Design, Diagnosis, Disease, Epidemiological Cohort, Exercise, Exercise, Exposure, Follow-Up, Leisure Activities, Measurement, Meta-Analysis, Midlife, Model, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Older Persons, Outcome, Parkinson’s Disease, Physical Activity, Prospective Cohort, Prospective Studies, Relative Risk, Review, Risk, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science? Schutter, D.J.L.G. (2010), Quantitative review of the efficacy of slow-frequency magnetic brain stimulation in major depressive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 40 (11), 1789-1795.Full Text: 2010\Psy Med40, 1789.pdfAbstract: Background. Slow-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the frontal cortex has been suggested as a safer and better tolerable alternative to fast-frequency rTMS in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of slow-frequency rTMS to the frontal cortex in MDD. Method. A literature search was carried out in the databases PUBMED and Web of Science in the period between January 1994 and July 2009 with the search terms ‘depression’ and ‘transcranial magnetic stimulation’. Nine double-blind sham-controlled parallel intention-to-treat studies (252 patients) fulfilled inclusion criteria and were entered in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results. The test for heterogeneity was not significant (Q(T)=9.63, p=0.38). An overall weighted moderate mean effect size (d=0.63, 95% confidence interval=0.03-1.24) for active treatment was observed. Conclusions. The findings suggest that slow-frequency rTMS to the frontal cortex is more effective than sham treatment and may be equally effective as fast-frequency rTMS in the treatment of MDD.Keywords: Antidepressant Efficacy, Brain, Databases, Depression, Disorder, Dopamine, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Double-Blind, Efficacy, Frontal Cortex, Human Motor Cortex, Literature, Major Depressive Disorder, Meta-Analysis, Metaanalysis, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Priming Stimulation, Pubmed, Review, RTMS, Science, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Treatment, Treatment-Resistant Depression, Web of Science? Haslam, N. and Lusher, D. (2011), The structure of mental health research: Networks of influence among psychiatry and clinical psychology journals. Psychological Medicine, 41 (12), 2661-2668.Full Text: 2011\Psy Med41, 2661.pdfAbstract: Background. Psychiatry and clinical psychology are the two dominant disciplines in mental health research, but the structure of scientific influence and information flow within and between them has never been mapped. Method. Citations among 96 of the highest impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals were examined, based on 10 052 articles published in 2008. Network analysis explored patterns of influence between journal clusters. Results. Psychiatry journals tended to have greater influence than clinical psychology journals, and their influence was asymmetrical : clinical psychology journals cited psychiatry journals at a much higher rate than the reverse. Eight journal clusters were found, most dominated by a single discipline. Their citation network revealed an influential central cluster of ‘core psychiatry’ journals that had close affinities with a ‘psychopharmacology’ cluster. A group of ‘core clinical psychology’ journals was linked to a ‘behavior therapy’ cluster but both were subordinate to psychiatry journals. Clinical psychology journals were less integrated than psychiatry journals, and ‘health psychology/behavioral medicine’ and ‘neuropsychology’ clusters were relatively peripheral to the network. Conclusions. Scientific publication in the mental health field is largely organized along disciplinary lines, and is to some degree hierarchical, with clinical psychology journals tending to be structurally subordinate to psychiatry journals.Keywords: Analysis, Behavior, Behavior Therapy, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Network, Citations, Clinical Psychology, Impact, Information, Journal, Journals, Medicine, Mental Health, Network, Network Analysis, Neuropsychology, Psychiatry, Psychiatry Journals, Publication, Research, Scientific Publication, TherapyTitle: Psychological RecordFull Journal Title: Psychological RecordISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0033-2933Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Roig, M. (1997), Can undergraduate students determine whether text has been plagiarized? Psychological Record, 47 (1), 113-122.Abstract: In two studies undergraduate students were given an original paragraph and several rewritten versions of the paragraph, some of which were plagiarized (e.g., without a citation, superficially modified from the original) and some correctly paraphrased. Students were asked to determine whether each rewritten version had been plagiarized or correctly paraphrased. Approximately 74% of the students in both studies correctly identified the paraphrased versions. However, some of the plagiarized versions were misidentified as having been correctly paraphrased by as many as 40% to 50% of the students. Results suggest that students are often unclear as to what constitutes plagiarism and correct forms of paraphrasing.Keywords: College-Students, DishonestyTitle: Psychological ReportsFull Journal Title: Psychological ReportsISO Abbreviated Title: Psychol. Rep.JCR Abbreviated Title: Psychol RepISSN: 0033-2941Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Psychological ReportsPublisher Address: P O Box 9229, Missoula, MT 59807Subject Categories: Psychology, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 0.342, 72/102 (2002) SSCI? Platz, A. (1965), Psychology of the scientist. 11. Lotka’s law and research visibility. Psychological Reports, 16 (2), 566-568.Full Text: Psy Rep16, 566.pdfEvans, R.L., Dingus, C.M. and Haselkorn, J.K. (1993), Living with a disability - A synthesis and critique of the literature on quality-of-life, 1985-1989. Psychological Reports, 72 (3), 771-777.Full Text: 1993\Psy Rep72, 771.pdfAbstract: The current study describes articles cross-indexed under the keywords ‘quality of life’ and ‘disability’ in Index Medicus for the years 1985 through 1989 to compare their relative merits in terms of research design, sampling details, and the type of quality of life criteria included. Of 833 articles indexed under ‘quality of life,’ 52 (16%) included data about a disabling condition requiring rehabilitation. Of those 52, only seven (13%) were randomized clinical trials. The modal design was a descriptive survey or case study (N = 22 or 42%). Given the limited rigor in research design and invalid measurements, conclusions about improvement in the quality of life for disabled individuals after rehabilitative care could not be drawn from the studies reviewed. It may be concluded that research on quality of life needs to be better designed and should include more uniform and valid criteria.Keywords: Artery Bypass-Surgery, Closed-Head-Injury, of-Life, Cancer-Patients, Cardiac Transplantation, Myocardial-Infarction, Clinical-Trials, Intensive-Care, Therapy, Arthritis? Roig, M. (2005), Re-using text from one’s own previously published papers: An exploratory study of potential self-plagiarism. Psychological Reports, 97 (1), 43-49.Full Text: 2005\Psy Rep97, 43.pdfAbstract: A preliminary, two-part study explored the extent to which authors reuse portions of their own text from previously published papers. All 9 articles from a recent issue of a psychology journal were selected as target papers. Up to 3 of the most recent references cited in each of the target articles and written by the same authors were also obtained. All target articles and their corresponding references were stored digitally. Then, using specialized software, each reference was compared to its target article to assess the number of strings of text identical to both papers. Only one of the nine target articles reused significant amounts of text from one of its references. To explore further the possibility of additional text reuse, the references in each of the 9 sets of papers were compared against each other. The new comparison identified 5 pairs of papers with a substantial number of identical strings of text of 6 consecutive words in length or longer, but most of the reused text was confined to the Method section. The results suggest that some of these authors reuse their own text with some frequency, but this was largely confined to complex methodological descriptions of a research design and procedure.Keywords: College, Complex, Journal, Psychology, References, Research, Reuse, Self-Plagiarism? Voracek, M. and Loibl, L.M. (2009), Scientometric analysis and bibliography of digit ratio (2D:4D) research, 1998-2008. Psychological Reports, 104 (3), 922-956.Full Text: 2009\Psy Rep104, 922.pdfAbstract: A scientometric analysis of modern research on the second-to-fourth digit ratio (213:413), a widely studied putative marker for prenatal androgen action, is presented. In early 2009, this literature totalled more than 300 publications and, since its initiation in 1998, has grown at a rate slightly faster than linear. Key findings included evidence of publication bias and citation bias, incomplete coverage and outdatedness of existing reviews, and a dearth of meta-analyses in this field. 2DAD research clusters noticeably in terms of researchers, institutions, countries, and journals involved. Although 2DAD is an anthropometric trait, most of the research has been conducted at psychology departments, not anthropology departments. However, 2D:4D research has not been predominantly published in core and specialized journals of psychology, but rather in more broadly scoped journals of the behavioral sciences, biomedical social sciences, and neurosciences. Total citation numbers of 2DAD papers for the most part were not larger than their citation counts within 2DAD research, indicating that until now, only a few 2DAD studies have attained broader interest outside this specific field. Comparative citation analyses show that 2DAD research presently is commensurate in size and importance to evolutionary psychological jealousy research, but has grown faster than the latter field. In contrast, it is much smaller and has spread more slowly than research about the Implicit Association Test. Fifteen conjectures about anticipated trends in 2DAD research are outlined, appendixed by a first-time bibliography of the entirety of the published 2DAD literature.Keywords: Attention-Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder, Citation, Congenital Adrenal-Hyperplasia, Finger-Length Ratios, Frequency Financial Traders, General Danish Population, Journals, Mental Rotation Performance, Orientation-Related Differences, Prenatal Androgen Exposure, Publications, Research, Secondary Sexual Characters, Self-Perceived Attractiveness, TrendsTitle: Psychologie in Erziehung und UnterrichtFull Journal Title: Psychologie in Erziehung und UnterrichtISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Krampen, G. and Schui, G. (2006), Development and current state of family psychology. Bibliometric results. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 53 (2), 147-152.Abstract: Historical development and current state of family psychology are bibliometrically analysed for the time period from 1980 to 2001. Psychological literature databases PSYNDEX and PsycINFO are used to determine the relative frequency of family psychology publications within the total publications from psychology. Bibliometric analyses refer to index terms with significance for family psychology. Results show that family psychology publications have a relatively stable and high proportion within the total of all publications from psychology since the 1980’s, referring to 5-7 percent in the psychological literature from the Genii an-speaking as well as the Anglo-American research community. Historical trends could not be observed. However, the results point at a high empirical orientation in the family psychology literature, which is increasing since the late 1980’s. Moreover, results show that family psychology has connections to many other disciplines of psychology. Pleas for a stronger institutionalisation of family psychology in research as well as psychology education are supported by the bibliometric results presented.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometry, Community, Databases, Development, Education, Family, Family Psychology, History of Psychology, Index, Orientation, Psychological, Psychology, Publications, Research, Science Research, TrendsTitle: Psychologische RundschauFull Journal Title: Psychologische RundschauISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Krampen, G. and Wiesenhutter, J. (1993), Bibliometric findings on the development of subdisciplines of psychology: History of international and German-language literature in the area of psychology. Psychologische Rundschau, 44 (1), 25-34.Abstract: Presented are quantitative bibliometric results on publication trends in different subfields of psychology. In particular the focus is on international as well as German publication trends in basic research on experimental psychology, physiological psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, developmental psychology, and psychometrics as well as in applied research on clinical psychology, educational psychology, and industrial psychology. Bibliometrical analyses were carried out for the journal ‘Psychological Abstracts’ (1927 to 1967) and for the computerized literature databases ‘PsycInfo’ (1968 to 1990) and ‘Psyndex’ (1977 to 1990). Besides the well-known explosion in the number of publications during the last decades, the results confirm specific variations in the publication rates for different research areas as well as general trends and shifts in the publication foci. This is illustrated by a comparison of the publications in basic and applied research as well as in personality and developmental research. International publication trends are consistent with trends in the German-speaking countries. The value of bibliometrical studies for analyses of the history of psychology is discussed as well as their methodological problemsKeywords: Bibliometric, Clinical Psychology, Databases, History of Psychology, Journal, Literature, Publication, ResearchTitle: PsychologyFull Journal Title: PsychologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0033-3077Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Elliott, T.R., Bearden, L., Byrd, E.K., Sanderson, R.A., Nichols, R.K. and Umlauf, R. (1988), Influential research in behavioral medicine and health psychology: A study of citation behaviors. Psychology, 25 (2), 23-31.Title: Psychology of Addictive BehaviorsFull Journal Title: Psychology of Addictive BehaviorsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Howard, M.O. and Howard, D.A. (1993), Publication and citation of alcohol and drug articles in Journals of the American Psychological Association. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 7 (4), 232-237.Full Text: 1993\Psy Add Beh7, 232.pdfAbstract: Publication practices of the American Psychological Association (APA) in the alcohol and drug area were examined. In 1990 as compared with in 1984, a larger proportion of APA journals (63% vs. 53%) published a larger percentage (3.8% vs. 1.7%) of alcohol and drug articles. However, only 54 of 1,408 APA articles published in 1990 addressed alcohol or drug issues. Twenty-two alcohol and drug articles published in 1984 were followed through to the end of 1988. These articles received an average of 15.27 citations (SD = 11.18). Annual citation rates peaked in the 5th year of follow up at an average of 5 citations per article in 1988. Results suggest that alcohol and drug articles published in APA journals have greater scientific impact than articles published in alcohol and drug specialty journals. The need for a comprehensive assessment of the information utilization and dissemination practices of scientists in the addictions was emphasized.Title: Psychology and AgingFull Journal Title: Psychology and AgingISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Over, R. (1989), Age and scholarly impact. Psychology and Aging, 4 (2), 222-225.Full Text: Psy Agi4, 222.pdfAbstract: The claim that older scientists generate research of lower quality than do younger scientists was tested through two analyses in which the age distribution of authors of frequently cited articles in psychology journals was compared with the age distribution of authors of low-impact articles published in the same journals. Most high-impact articles were published by relatively young psychologists, but so were most low-impact articles. When allowance was made for relative numerical representation, there was no evidence that publications from older scientists have less impact. Results are discussed in the context of methodological issues in evaluation of relations between age and scientific achievement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)Title: Psychology ExplorationFull Journal Title: Psychology ExplorationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1003-5184Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Wang, J. and Zuo, B. (2005), The status and trends of the researches in personality and social psychology: Reflected in JPSP via bibliometric analysis. Psychology Exploration, 25 (3), 64-68.Full Text: 2005\Psy Exp25, 64.pdfAbstract: This article reviewed current researches on the nature of personality and social psychology according to bibliometric analysis on JPSP, and summarized the status and the trends of this field in aspects of research theme, number of studies included, statistical methods, theories, collaboration and distribution of authors. The paper also suggested that the Chinese researchers of personality and social psychology should: (1) focus their study on native situation; (2) strengthen their study methods and statistical skills; (3) improve the degree of collaboration in researches.Keywords: Personality and Social Psychology, JPSP, Bibliometric AnalysisTitle: Psychology and HealthFull Journal Title: Psychology and HealthISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0887-0446Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Brunner-Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis GroupPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Browne, J.P., McGee, H.M. and OBoyle, C.A. (1997), Conceptual approaches to the assessment of quality of life. Psychology and Health, 12 (6), 737-751.Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the two main conceptual approaches to quality of life assessment; the standard needs approach where quality of life is seen as the extent to which certain universal needs are met and the psychological processes approach where quality of life is considered to be constructed from individual evaluations of personally salient aspects of life. The domains to be considered, their relative values and the criteria used to judge life quality are outlined for a number of assessment approaches. Psychological processes which can influence quality of life evaluations are described along with recommendations for their systematic evaluation in future study designs.Keywords: Health-Related Quality, Of-Life, Cancer-Patients, Questionnaire, Determinants, Satisfaction, Neuroticism, Perspective, Happiness, Rationale, Quality of Life, Concepts, Needs, Weighting? Heckman, T.G., Somlai, A.M., OttoSalaj, L. and Davantes, B.R. (1998), Health-related quality of life among people living with HIV disease in small communities and rural areas. Psychology and Health, 13 (5), 859-871.Abstract: While many studies have examined the life quality of HIV-infected persons in large metropolitan areas, few studies have investigated quality of life issues among persons living with HIV disease in America’s small and rural communities. In the present study, 78 people living with HIV/AIDS in small and rural communities (i.e., populations <25,000) reported on their health-related quality of life. Many respondents reported decreased social, emotional, functional, and physical well-being. Results revealed that participants’ emotional well-being and the quality of their relationship with their doctor were related to their overall quality of life. The majority of participants (73%) expressed interest in participating in a telephone-linked support group involving other people living with HIV designed to improve quality of life.Keywords: Immunodeficiency-Virus Infection, Of-Life, Aids, Instrument, Migration, Telephone, Care, HIV, Rural, Quality of Life, Support Groups? Krampen, G. and Montada, L. (1998), Health psychology: Bibliometrical results on the emergence and rapid consolidation of a new field of research and application. Psychology and Health, 13 (6), 1027-1036.Full Text: 1998\Psy Hea13, 1027.pdfAbstract: Presents bibliometrical research results on the history of health psychological publications. With reference to psychological literature databases, the emergence of health psychological publications in international psychology (datal,ase PsycLit) as well as in the German-speaking countries (database PSYNDEX) was analyzed. The topics included the relevant index terms (e.g., “health care psychology”, “health behavior”, “health education”). Besides results on the first occurrence and the annual frequencies of those terms between 1970 and 1995 in the databases, bibliometrical comparisons were conducted with reference to other psychological subdisciplines and to the relative proportions of empirical and experimental studies, case and experience reports, as well as overviews and textbooks in health psychological publications. The results point to (1) a rather sudden emergence of health psychological publications in the mid-eighties (with only some weak forerunners), (2) the rapid consolidation of the number of health psychological publications on a relative high level within a few years, (3) the relative supremacy of literature overviews and textbooks in comparison to empirical research reports in health psychology, and (4) a good agreement between German-language and international publication trends. These results point to the necessity of further promotion of genuine empirical research in health psychology to assure its long-term consolidation as well as to prevent its medium-term devaluation and debasement as being not more than a brief main stream topic in psychology and health politics.Keywords: Application, Care, Comparison, Database, Databases, Experience, Experimental, Field, First, Health, History, Index, International, Literature, Long Term, Long-Term, Politics, Promotion, Psychology, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Results, Stream, Textbooks, TrendsTitle: Psychology of Men & MasculinityFull Journal Title: Psychology of Men & MasculinityISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Sanchez, F.J. (2010), Assessing the impact of the Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2000-2008. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11 (3), 161-169.Abstract: As the Psychology of Men & Masculinity (PMM) nears the end of its first decade, how has the journal performed over time and how has it fared relative to 41 sex and gender-related journals? To answer this, I estimated PMM’s Journal Impact Factor (IF) by examining citations to PMM’s 157 publications (volumes 1-9) listed in PsycINFO. The highest IF estimates where based on articles published from 2003-2005 where PMM performed better than average in 2005 (IF = 2.576; z(IF) = 1.07) and 2006 (IF = 2.452; z(IF) = 0.73) compared to sex and gender-related journals. The most cited articles focused on instrument construction and men’s body image. I offer suggestions to help bolster PMM’s influence as it moves into its second decade: (a) make articles available online ahead of print publication, (b) shorten review turnaround, (c) market PMM publications, and (d) publish special issues with wide appeal.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Body-Image, Gender-Role Conflict, Impact Factor, Journal, Journal Impact, Journalology, Psychology, Publication, Science, Scientometrics, WebometricsTitle: Psychology in the SchoolsFull Journal Title: Psychology in the SchoolsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Swanson, H.L., Butts, C.S. and Lewis, G.E. (1987), Characteristics of frequently cited articles related to childrens emotional behavioral-disorders. Psychology in the Schools, 24 (4), 364-371.Full Text: 1987\Psy Sch24, 364.pdfTitle: Psycho-Oncology? Porzsolt, F., Wolpl, C.P., Rist, C.E., Kosa, R., Buchele, G. and Gaus, W. (1996), Comparison of three instruments (QLQ-C30, SF-36, QWB-7) measuring health-related quality of life quality of well-being. Psycho-Oncology, 5 (2), 103-117.Abstract: The comparison of the three instruments (QLQ-C30, SF-36, QWB-7) of HRQL research was made to investigate the question whether these instruments provide comparable results when tested in a population of patients with haematologic malignancies and solid rumours. For this purpose a comprehensive description of the three instruments considering general principles, construction of scales and items and scoring procedures was conducted. This can be taken as a prerequisite for comparing instruments which are used as health-outcome measures. The study showed that the comparability of the Two questionnaires QLQ-C30 and SF-36 was generally better than these questionnaires with the QWB-7 interview. The interview does not identify poor health conditions. Although the QLQ-C30 and the SF-36 contribute comparable information, specifically for the Physical Functioning scale and Symptom scales Pain and Fatigue, important differences have to be considered. Only the QLQ-C30 contains the important question about ‘overall quality of life’. The results of the dimension ‘Role Functioning’ are not comparable because the SF-SS differentiates between Physical and Emotional Role Functioning whereas the QLQ-C30 constructs Role Functioning as a single dimension. All three instruments have a limited scope of applicability for a hospitalized population of patients with haematologic malignancies or solid tumours. Based on the study results further modification and refinement of these instruments are recommended for this population.Keywords: ValidityTitle: PsychopathologyFull Journal Title: PsychopathologyISO Abbreviated Title: PsychopathologyJCR Abbreviated Title: PsychopathologyISSN: 0254-4962Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Pedraja, M.J., Quinones-Vidal, E. and Martinez-Sanchez, F. (1996), A historic quantitative approach to psychophysiological research: The first three decades of the journal Psychophysiology (1964-1993). Psychophysiology, 33 (6), 629-636.Full Text: 1996\Psychopathology33, 629.pdfAbstract: We used quantitative methodology to examine the first three decades of the journal Psychophysiology from a standpoint of historic interest. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 1,781 works published during this period. In total, 2,537 authors have published in the journal. The distribution of their productivity matches approximately what would be expected based on previous bibliometric investigations. A constant increase in the collaboration between researchers was evident (reaching an average of 2.56 authors per paper). The literature cited in, these articles dates back between 4.53 and 8.12 years (M = 6.48 years). These bibliometric results show that this journal can be placed among the most experimentally oriented group within the field of psychology.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometry, Collaboration, Field, Historical Analysis, Journal, Literature, Methodology, Productivity, Psychophysiology, Research? Holguin, S.R. and Cadaveira, F. (2002), Consolidation of psychophysiology as a scientific discipline, 1930-1964: A historical note. Psychophysiology, 39 (5), 619-624.Full Text: 2002\Psychopathology39, 619.pdfAbstract: The ground covered by psychophysiology throughout the decades prior to its constitution as an independent discipline has not been well documented, despite its historical interest. A bibliometric study of the research published in scientific journals by 66 of the most relevant psychophysiologists from 1930 to 1964, analyzing the contents of the records indexed in the PsycINFO database, gives us an image of the state of the emergent discipline during that period. This study reveals that this was a period of consolidation, marked by the refinement of instruments and procedures, the characterization of measurements, and the establishment of the basic relationships between physiological and psychological variables, the development and validation of basic constructs such as activation, or interest in the study of psychopathology. In these years the foundations of psychophysiology were laid, leading to the formalization of the discipline at the end of the period.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Database, Development, Journals, Psychopathology, Psycinfo, Research, Scientific Journals? Lopez-Munoz, F., Garcia-Garcia, P., Saiz-Ruiz, J., Mezzich, J.E., Rubio, G., Vieta, E. and Alamo, C. (2008), A bibliometric study of the use of the classification and diagnostic systems in psychiatry over the last 25 years. Psychopathology, 41 (4), 214-225.Full Text: 2008\Psychopathology41, 214.pdfAbstract: Background: Our purpose was to examine the use of classification and diagnostic systems in the field of psychiatry (CDSP) from a bibliometric perspective, over the period 1980-2005. Methods: We selected (in EMBASE and MEDLINE databases) documents that contained, in any of their sections, the descriptors ‘psychiatr*’, ‘DSM*’, ‘ICD*’, or ‘diagnostic criteria’, as well as other more specific descriptors. As a bibliometric indicator of production we applied Price’s law. We also calculated the national participation index (PI) and correlated it with overall PI in biomedical and health sciences, and with PI in the discipline of psychiatry. Results: We obtained 20,564 original documents; 15,743 referred to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and 3,106 to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Our results indicate non-fulfilment of Price’s law, since scientific production on CDSP does not undergo exponential growth (correlation coefficient r = 0.9651, vs. r = 0.9927 after linear adjustment). Of the 10 journals with the highest impact factor in the field of psychiatry, the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry has the highest PI in the DSM subgroup (PI = 14.77), and the British Journal of Psychiatry in the ICD subgroup (PI = 1.54). The principal producer country is the United States (PI = 37.9), though in proportion to its production in the psychiatric field the ranking is headed by Finland. Only 10 countries, of the 20 major producers in health sciences, surpass their own PI in the field of psychiatry (Brazil, Italy, Japan, Austria, Spain, Germany, France, India, Switzerland, and China). Conclusions: Over recent years, the use of CDSP (basically the DSM or ICD) in the scientific literature has increased. Nevertheless, the abstracts to these studies, included in the principal databases, should always specify the diagnostic criteria employed, with a view to increasing information levels and reliability for the reader. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.Keywords: Adjustment, AG, Austria, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicator, Bibliometric Study, Bibliometry, Biomedical, Brazil, British, China, Classification, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Country, Criteria, Databases, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Diagnostic Criteria, Disorder, Drug Therapy, Field, Finland, France, Germany, Growth, Health, Health Sciences, Impact, Impact Factor, Index, India, Indicator, Information, International Classification of Diseases, Italy, Japan, Journals, Law, Literature, Medline, Mental Disorders, National, Participation, Production, Psychiatric Nosology, Psychiatry, Purpose, Ranking, Reliability, Sciences, Scientific Literature, Scientific Production, Spain, Switzerland, Systems, United StatesTitle: PsychopharmacologyFull Journal Title: PsychopharmacologyISO Abbreviated Title: PsychopharmacologyJCR Abbreviated Title: PsychopharmacologyISSN: 0033-3158Issues/Year: 36Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Springer VerlagPublisher Address: 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010Subject Categories: Neurosciences: Impact FactorPharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact FactorPsychiatry: Impact Factor? Amit, Z. and Smith, B.R. (1992), Differential ethanol intake in Tryon Maze-Bright and Tryon Maze-Dull rats-implications for the validity of the animal-model of selectively bred rats for high ethanol-consumption. Psychopharmacology, 108 (1-2), 136-140.Abstract: The search for a genetically based ‘animal model of alcoholism’ has led to the creation of extensive research programs using various combinations of initial ethanol preference screening techniques and breeding methods to yield rodents with primary genetic differences that contribute to high or low ethanol preference. The present experiment examined the ethanol intake of the Tryon rat strain, which were bred for high and low maze learning scores. It was observed that the Tryon Maze Bright rats displayed an unprecedented affinity for ethanol with stable intakes between 12.7 and 13.7 g/kg per day and preference ratios exceeding 0.75 for ethanol concentrations ranging between 15 and 29%. The pattern of ethanol intake of the Tryon Maze Dull rats resembled the ethanol intake pattern of other, non-selectively bred strains of rats, approximately 2-3 g/kg of absolute ethanol at preference ratios between 0.11 and 0.28. The affinity for ethanol observed for the Tryon Maze Bright rats seems to exceed the reported consumption patterns of rat strains specifically bred for high ethanol consumption although the Tryon rats were selectively bred for variables that were seemingly unrelated to ethanol intake.? Porter, R.J., Gallagher, P., Watson, S. and Young, A.H. (2004), Corticosteroid-serotonin interactions in depression: A review of the human evidence. Psychopharmacology, 173 (1-2), 1-17.Full Text: 2004\Psychopharmacology173, 1.pdfAbstract: Rationale. It has been suggested that corticosteroid-serotonin interactions are central to the pathophysiology of depression. These interactions have been investigated in healthy and depressed humans, primarily using neuroendocrine techniques. Objectives. To review the evidence regarding the nature of these interactions in healthy and depressed humans. Methods. Electronic searches were performed for relevant papers, employing MEDLINE and Web of Science. To focus the review, we selected only those articles involving (i) assessment of serotonergic function following experimental manipulation of the HPA axis in healthy volunteers; and (ii) assessment of both serotonergic and HPA axis function in clinically depressed subjects. Results. Pre-treatment with hydrocortisone, both acutely and sub-acutely attenuates the GH response to GHRH in healthy subjects. This complicates the interpretation of 5-HT neuroendocrine studies employing GH output as a measure. In depression there is evidence that reduced availability of L-tryptophan impairs HPA axis feedback. There is also evidence that depressed and healthy subjects may adapt differently both to low tryptophan and hypercortisolaemic challenges. There is no consistent evidence of a simple relationship between HPA axis function and 5-HT function in depression. Conclusions. The putative reduction in central 5-HT function has not been shown to be a direct consequence of hypercortisolaemia. Rather, the 5-HT system and HPA axis have complex inter-relationships. Challenges to either system, such as stress or reduced dietary tryptophan, may perturb the other and subjects vulnerable to depression may fail to adapt to such challenges.Keywords: 5-HT1A Autoreceptor Function, Acute Tryptophan Depletion, Assessment, Corticosteroids, D-Fenfluramine Challenge, Depression, Drug Interactions, Feedback, Healthy-Human Subjects, Hormone-Releasing Hormone, Human, Human Growth-Hormone, Humans, Interpretation, Intravenous L-Tryptophan, Major Depression, Medline, Methods, Normal-Male Volunteers, Papers, Pituitary-Adrenocortical Regulation, Review, Science, Serotonin, Stress, Web of Science? (2009), Awards given to most frequently cited papers in Psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacology, 201 (4), 469.Full Text: 2009\Psychopharmacology201, 469.pdfKeywords: PapersTitle: PsychophysiologyFull Journal Title: PsychophysiologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0937-2032Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Sanchez Hernandez, A., Pedraja, M.J., Quinones Vidal, E. and Martinez Sanchez, F. (1996), A historic quantitative approach to psychophysiological research: The first three decades of the journal Psychophysiology (1964-1993). Psychophysiology, 33 (6), 629-636.Abstract: We used quantitative methodology to examine the first three decades of the journal Psychophysiology from a standpoint of historic interest. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 1,781 works published during this period. In total, 2,537 authors have published in the journal. The distribution of their productivity matches approximately what would be expected based on previous bibliometric investigations. A constant increase in the collaboration between researchers was evident (reaching an average of 2.56 authors per paper). The literature cited in, these articles dates back between 4.53 and 8.12 years (M = 6.48 years). These bibliometric results show that this journal can be placed among the most experimentally oriented group within the field of psychologyKeywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometry, Collaboration, English, Historical Analysis, Journal, Literature, Psychophysiology, ResearchHolguín, S.R. and Cadaveira, F. (2002), Consolidation of psychophysiology as a scientific discipline, 1930-1964: A historical note. Psychophysiology, 39 (5), 619-624.Full Text: P\Psychophysiology39, 619.pdfAbstract: The ground covered by psychophysiology throughout the decades prior to its constitution as an independent discipline has not been well documented, despite its historical interest. A bibliometric study of the research published in scientific journals by 66 of the most relevant psychophysiologists from 1930 to 1964, analyzing the contents of the records indexed in the PsycINFO database, gives us an image of the state of the emergent discipline during that period. This study reveals that this was a period of consolidation, marked by the refinement of instruments and procedures, the characterization of measurements, and the establishment of the basic relationships between physiological and psychological variables, the development and validation of basic constructs such as activation, or interest in the study of psychopathology. In these years the foundations of psychophysiology were laid, leading to the formalization of the discipline at the end of the period.? Viedma-Del-Jesus, M.I., Perakakis, P., Munoz, M.A., Lopez-Herrera, A.G. and Vila, J. (2011), Sketching the first 45 years of the journal Psychophysiology (1964-2008): A co-word-based analysis. Psychophysiology, 48 (8), 1029-1036.Full Text: 2011\Psychophysiology48, 1029.pdfAbstract: This article presents a keyword-based bibliometric study of the thematic evolution of the journal Psychophysiology since its first publication in 1964 until 2008. Bibliometric maps showing the most relevant associations among themain topics treated by the journal are provided separately for the periods 1964-1978, 1979-1988, 1989-1998, and 1999-2008. These maps offer insight into the conceptual structure of psychophysiology as a research discipline and help to visualize the division of the field into several interconnected subfields. Bibliometric maps created by co-word analysis can be used by both experts and novices to understand the current state of the art of a scientific field and to predict where future research could lead.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Co-Word Analysis, Conceptual Development, Journal, Psychophysiology, Publication, Research, Scientific Structure, State of the ArtTitle: Psychosomatic MedicineFull Journal Title: Psychosomatic MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: Psychosomatic MedicineJCR Abbreviated Title: Psychosomatic MedicineISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Chida, Y., Hamer, M. and Steptoe, A. (2008), A bidirectional relationship between psychosocial factors and atopic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70 (1), 102-116.Abstract: Objective: There is growing epidemiological literature focusing on the bidirectional association between psychosocial factors and atopic disorders, but no efforts to quantify the relationship systematically have been published. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PUBMED up to June 2007. The studies included were prospective cohort studies investigating the influence of psychosocial factors on atopic disorders and the effect of atopic disorders on mental health. Two investigators independently extracted data and determined study quality. Results: There were 43 studies (in 22 articles), of which 34 evaluated the effect of psychosocial factors on atopic disorders and 9 evaluated the effect of atopic disorders on mental health. The major atopic disease assessed in these studies was asthma (90.7%) with allergic rhinitis, 4.7%; atopic dermatitis, 2.3%; and food allergies, 2.3%. The overall meta-analysis exhibited a positive association between psychosocial factors and future atopic disorder (correlation coefficient (r) as combined size effect .024; 95% confidence interval, 0.014-0.035; p <.001) as well as between atopic disorders and future poor mental health (r =.044, 95% confidence interval, 0.021- 0.067, p < .001). More notably, the subgroup meta-analysis on the healthy and atopic disorder populations showed psychosocial factors had both an etiological and prognostic effect on atopic disorders. Conclusions: The current review revealed a robust relationship between psychosocial factors and atopic disorders. This supports the use of psychological in addition to conventional physical and pharmacological interventions, in the successful prevention and management of atopic disorders.Keywords: 20-Year Prospective Community, Allergic Rhinitis, Allergy, Anxiety And Depression, Asthma, Asthma Attacks, Behavior Problems, Birth-Cohort, Childhood, Cohort Studies, Depression, Dermatitis, Disease, Disorder, Inner-City Children, Interventions, Literature, Management, Mental Health, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Prevention, Psychological, Psychoneuroimmunology, Psychosocial, Psychosocial Stress, Pubmed, Review, Science, Social Support, Stress, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science, Young-Adults? Chida, Y. and Steptoe, A. (2008), Positive psychological well-being and mortality: A quantitative review of prospective observational studies. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70 (7), 741-756.Abstract: Objective: To review systematically prospective, observational, cohort studies of the association between positive well-being and mortality using meta-analytic methods. Recent years have witnessed increased interest in the relationship between positive psychological well-being and physical health. Methods: We searched general bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PUBMED up to January 2008. Two reviewers independently extracted data on Study characteristics, quality, and estimates of associations. Results: There were 35 studies (26 articles) investigating mortality in initially healthy Populations and 35 studies (28 articles) of disease populations. The meta-analyses showed that positive psychological well-being was associated with reduced mortality in both the healthy population (combined hazard ratio (HR) = 0.82; 95% Confidence Interval (Cl) = 0.76-0.89; p < .001) and the disease Population (combined FIR = 0.98; CI = 0.95-1.00; p = .030) studies. There were indications of publication bias in this literature, although the fail-safe numbers were 2444 and 1397 for healthy and disease Population studies,, respectively. Intriguingly, meta-analysis of studies that controlled for negative affect showed that the protective effects of positive psychological well-being were independent of negative affect. Both positive affect (e.g., emotional well-being, positive mood, joy, happiness, vigor, energy) and positive trait-like dispositions (e.g., life satisfaction, hopefulness, optimism, sense of humor) were associated with reduced mortality in healthy population Studies. Positive psychological well-being was significantly associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in healthy population studies, and with reduced death rates in patients with renal failure and with human immunodeficiency virus-infection. Conclusions: The Current review suggests that positive psychological well-being has a favorable effect on survival in both healthy and diseased populations.Keywords: Bias, Bibliographic, Bibliographic Databases, Cancer-Patients, Cardiovascular, Cohort Studies, Coronary-Heart-Disease, Databases, Depressive Symptoms, Disease, Dispositional Optimism, Emotional Vitality, Follow-Up, Happiness, Hemodialysis-Patients, Human, Humor, Interest, Life Satisfaction, Literature, Longitudinal Study, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Mood, Mortality, Observational, Observational Studies, Optimism, Physical Health, Prospective Cohort, Psychological, Psychosocial Predictors, Publication, Publication Bias, Pubmed, Quality-of-Life, Quantitative, Ratio, Review, Science, Survival, Web of Science, Well-Being? Barth, J., Schneider, S. and von Kanel, R. (2010), Lack of social support in the etiology and the prognosis of coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72 (3), 229-238.Abstract: Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relevance of low social support for the development and course of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Three electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, PsycINFO/PSYNDEX, and Web of Science 2007/03). More than 1700 papers were screened in a first step. We included prospective studies assessing the impact of social support in either an initially healthy study population (etiologic studies) or in a study population with preexisting CHD (prognostic studies). Outcomes: Myocardial infarction in etiologic studies; cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in prognostic studies. Effects were reported as relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR). Results: There is some evidence for an impact of low functional social support on the prevalence of CHD in etiologic studies (RR, range, 1.00-2.23). In contrast, there is no evidence of an impact of low structural social support on the prevalence of myocardial infarction in healthy populations (RR, range, 1.01-1.2). In prognostic studies, results consistently show that low functional support negatively affects cardiac and all-cause mortality (pooled RR, range, 1.59-1.71). These results were also confirmed in analyses adjusted for other risk factors for disease progression (pooled HR, 1.59). It remains unclear whether low structural social support increases mortality in patients with CHD (pooled RR, between 1.56; pooled HR, 1.12, NS). Conclusions: Because the perception of social support seems important for CHD prognosis, monitoring of functional social support is indicated in patients with CHD, and interventions to increase the perception of positive social resources are warranted.Keywords: Acute Myocardial-Infarction, Artery-Disease, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular-Disease, Coronary Heart Disease, Databases, Depressive Symptoms, Development, Disease, Emotional Support, Enhancing Recovery, Functional, Impact, Increased Psychosocial Risk, Interventions, Marital-Status, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Monitoring, Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, Outcomes, Papers, Perception, Pilot-Study Caps, Prevalence, Prognosis, Progression, Prospective Cohort, Prospective Studies, Ratio, Relative Risk, Review, Risk, Risk Factors, Science, Social, Social Support, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of ScienceTitle: PsychotherapeutFull Journal Title: PsychotherapeutISO Abbreviated Title: PsychotherapeutJCR Abbreviated Title: PsychotherapeutISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Reiter, L. (1995), One-year of publication in psychotherapy - Results of a comparative bibliometric study. Psychotherapeut, 40 (5), 279-283.Full Text: 1995\Psychotherapeut40, 279.pdfAbstract: The study presents counts of citations of all papers published in this journal in 1994. Looking at the most often cited authors shows that one of the aims of the journal is to contribute to a scientific orientation of psychotherapy. The data are compared with another journal of a similar orientation, The goal of the study is to provide information for the ongoing debate about the future development of psychotherapy in respect to science and professional identity.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citations, Journal, Psychotherapy Research? Schussler, G. and Petermann, F. (2011), Status of psychosomatic research in the German-speaking domain. Psychotherapeut, 56 (5), 409-416.Full Text: 2011\Psychotherapeut56, 409.pdfAbstract: Psychosomatic medicine aims at exploring the relationships between biological, psychological and social factors in onset, maintenance and treatment of psychosomatic disorders. The present article describes current topics and methodological approaches in the field of psychosomatic research. A bibliometric analysis of two German journals in 2009 and 2010 was conducted, yielding 43 articles dealing with different aspects of psychosomatic medicine: chronic illness, somatoform disorders and pain, trauma-related disorders, borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The results show that psychosomatic research covers a variety of topics with different research designs. However, there is still a paucity of controlled studies in the field.Keywords: Adhd, Analysis, Attention, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Author, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Body-Image, Borderline Personality-Disorder, Breast-Cancer, Chronic Illness, Clinical Trial, Clinical-Practice, Controlled Studies, Disorder, Healthcare, Journals, Medicine, Pain, Pain Patients, Psychological, Psychosomatic Medicine, Psychotherapy, Quality-of-Life, Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation, Research, Social, Symptoms, Topics, Treatment, UtilizationTitle: Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische PsychologieFull Journal Title: Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische PsychologieISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0937-2032Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Decker, O. and Brahler, E. (2001), Psychosomatic and medical psychology: Publication practice of the present academic representatives. Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 51 (7), 288-295.Full Text: Psy Psy Med Psy51, 288.pdfAbstract: When qualifying for higher academic positions junior academics face increasing demands for submitting papers for publication. The criteria for assessing these publications are presently under discussion. Contributions to international English language journals are more highly regarded, and it has become indispensable to have papers published in journals listed in SCI and SSCI. The question remains whether these criteria are valid to judge academic qualifications. Whereas one criterion for validity may be the publication practice of the present academic representatives, it appears that to some extent the chairs themselves would not fulfill the requirements for academic qualification today. Results regarding this are presented and discussed.Keywords: Assessing, Criteria, International, Journals, Medical, Medical Psychology, Papers, Practice, Psychology, Publication, Publications, SCI, SSCI, Validity? Borkenhagen, A., Berth, H. and Brahler, E. (2002), The demand for integrative approaches in psychotherapy research demonstrated in an bibliometrical and speech statistic analysis of the PPmP. Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 52 (12), 511-520.Full Text: Psy Psy Med Psy52, 511Abstract: Based upon the recent discussion on integrative approaches in psychotherapy research, the last two volumes of the PPmP were bibliometrically analyzed. The articles of authors which belong to different disciplines like psychosomatic or medical psychology were compared with respect to the word and speech statistic, leading representatives and the reception of the international state of research. The interdisciplinary standard of the PPmP has proven successful in view of the impact of the journal within the Scientific Community and among the flagship journals of the field, The study shows that the plurality of methodological approaches and interdisciplinarity provides an important criterion for the quality of psychotherapy research and for the corresponding publication institutions, Related to scientific quality standard the PPmP has found good impact in the scientific community but there are points to be changed.Keywords: Psychotherapy Research, Quality Control, Speech Statistics, Bibliometrics, Impact-Factor, Psychosomatic Consultation Service, Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, German Version, Inpatient Psychotherapy, General Psychotherapy, Rheumatoid-Arthritis, Patient-Relationship, Physical Complaints, Therapeutic Goals? Brahler, E. and Decker, O. (2003), Psychosomatic and medical psychology. Shift and drift of the publication practice of the academic representatives. Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 53 (12), 502-507.Abstract: The. publication practice of the medical-psychological and psychosomatic chairs was the subject of a systematic investigation for the period 1992 - 1996 in this journal. The background was the discussion about quality and qualification of the academic newstarters. Now, most of the German university medical schools spend the budget - among other criteria - at in accordance with the publication practice of the academic representive and their coworkers. The question arises, whether and how the chairs have changed their publication practice in comparison for the period 1998 - 2002.Keywords: Budget, Comparison, Criteria, Drift, Investigation, Journal, Medical, Medical Psychology, Medical Schools, Practice, Psychology, Publication, Quality, University? Brahler, E. and Decker, O. (2005), The H-index. Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 55 (11), 451.Full Text: Psy Psy Med Psy55, 451Keywords: h index, h-indexTitle: Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFull Journal Title: Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Fava, G.A. and Ottolini, F. (2000), Impact factors versus actual citations. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 69 (6), 285-286.Full Text: 2000\Psy Psy69, 285.pdfKeywords: Citations? Fava, G.A., Ottolini, F. and Sonino, N. (2001), Which are the leading countries in clinical medicine research? A citation analysis (1981-1998). Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 70 (6), 283-287.Full Text: 2001\Psy Psy70, 283.pdfKeywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, Clinical, Medicine, Research? Chida, Y., Steptoe, A. and Powell, L.H. (2009), Religiosity/spirituality and mortality a systematic quantitative review. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78 (2), 81-90.Full Text: 2009\Psy Psy78, 81.pdfAbstract: Background: The relationship between religiosity/spirituality and physical health has been the subject of growing interest in epidemiological research. We systematically reviewed prospective observational cohort studies of the association between this potentially protective psychological factor and mortality using meta-analytic methods. Methods: We searched general bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and PUBMED (up to 20 March, 2008). Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, quality, and estimates of associations. Random effects meta-analyses, subgrouping, and sensitivity analysis were performed. Results: There were 69 studies (28 articles) and 22 studies (11 articles) investigating the association between religiosity/spirituality and mortality in initially healthy populations and diseased populations, respectively. The results of the meta-analyses showed that religiosity/spirituality was associated with reduced mortality in healthy population studies (combined hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.76-0.87, p < 0.001), but not in diseased population studies (combined hazard ratio = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19). Notably, the protective effect of religiosity/spirituality in the initially healthy population studies was independent of behavioral factors (smoking, drinking, exercising, and socioeconomic status), negative affect, and social support. We divided studies according to the aspects of religiosity/spirituality measure examined, and found that organizational activity (e. g. church attendance) was associated with greater survival in healthy population studies. Multi-dimensional aspects were related to survival in both the healthy and diseased populations. Religiosity/spirituality was negatively associated with cardiovascular mortality in healthy population studies. Conclusions: The current review suggests that religiosity/spirituality has a favorable effect on survival, although the presence of publication biases indicates that results should be interpreted with caution. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliographic, Bibliographic Databases, Body-Mind-Spirit Interaction, Breast-Cancer Survival, Cardiovascular, Cohort Studies, Controlled-Trials, Copyright, Databases, Follow-Up, Health Outcomes, Interest, Meditation,Prayer, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Mortality, Observational, Older-Adults, Physical Health, Positive Affect, Positive Psychology, Preventive Medicine, Prolong Survival, Psychological, Psychosocial Predictors, Publication, Pubmed, Ratio, Religious Coping, Religious Involvement, Research, Review, Science, Sensitivity, Smoking, Social, Social Support, Socioeconomic Status, Survival, Systematic, Web of Science, Well-Being? Williams, L.J., Pasco, J.A., Jacka, F.N., Henry, M.J., Dodd, S. and Berk, M. (2009), Depression and bone metabolism: A review. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78 (1), 16-25.Full Text: 2009\Psy Psy78, 16.pdfAbstract: Background: There are data to suggest low bone mineral density is disproportionately prevalent among those with psychiatric disorders. This paper aims to review the current evidence on the relationship between depression and bone mineral density, and identify potential mechanisms. Methods: Relevant sources were identified from the PUBMED and Web of Science (ISI) databases from the first relevant publication in 1994 to the present, 2007, using a combination of key words and terms including depression, major depressive disorder, osteoporosis, bone mineral density, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol, cytokines, leptin, antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and diet. Reference lists of chosen articles were further reviewed for associated publications. Results: The possible association between psychiatric illness, in particular depression, and osteoporosis has been the subject of a growing body of research yielding various findings, although most identify some effect on bone. In addition to medication-related processes and/or modifiable lifestyle factors associated with mood disturbances, endocrine and immune alteration secondary to depression may play a pathogenetic role in bone metabolism. Conclusions: Additional longitudinal studies, with the advantage of temporal sequencing, remain to be conducted, as well as research into potential mechanisms surrounding the association. Nevertheless, the current findings are of clinical relevance, given the health burden of both depression and osteoporosis. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.Keywords: Alcohol, Antidepressants, Bone, Bone Metabolism, Bone Mineral Density, Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Burden, Cigarette-Smoking, Copyright, Cortisol, Databases, Depression, Diet, Disorder, Disturbances, Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis, ISI, Leptin, Longitudinal Studies, Major Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Methods, Mineral Density, Moderate Alcohol-Consumption, Mood, Osteoporosis, Physical Activity, Physical-Activity, Postmenopausal Women, Psychiatric Disorders, Publication, Publications, Research, Review, Science, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Serotonin, Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors, Serum Leptin Levels, Smoking, Vitamin-D Deficiency, Web of Science? Guidi, J., Fava, G.A., Bech, P. and Paykel, E. (2011), The clinical interview for depression: A comprehensive review of studies and clinimetric properties. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 80 (1), 10-27.Full Text: 2011\Psy Psy80, 10.pdfAbstract: Background A comprehensive assessment of the wide spectrum of depressive symptomatology, particularly in its subclinical forms, is lacking in standard rating scales There is also an emerging need for instruments that can detect small differences in therapeutic studies and have good sensitivity The purpose of this paper is to review the clinimetric characteristics of Paykel’s Clinical Interview for Depression (CID) and to examine the results of the studies in which the interview has been used Methods Published reports which involved the use of the CID were identified by searching the following electronic databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science A manual search of the literature was also performed Results The initial strategies yielded 169 published reports for potential inclusion in the review 98 are discussed here The CID has been used extensively in a variety of studies, including descriptive studies, classification by means of factor analysis and cluster analysis, and predictor variables of response to treatment or relapse The CID has also been used as an outcome measure in several controlled clinical trials and follow-up studies of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of affective disorders It has been shown to be valid and reliable, to discriminate depressives from controls, or different subgroups of depressed patients, and to reflect changes during the course of treatment, particularly when individual symptoms are considered Conclusions Evidence from these studies highlights the utility of the CID in clinical research and practice Its clinimetric characteristics, particularly the broad evaluation of affective symptomatology and the sensitivity to change, make it an instrument of choice in therapeutic trials Copyright (C) 2010 S Karger AG Basel.Keywords: Acute Psychiatric-Services, Analysis, Anxiety Disorders, Assessment, Clinical Interview for Depression, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials, Clinimetrics, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Controlled Clinical Trials, Copyright, Databases, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Descriptive Studies, Embase, Evaluation, Factor-Analysis, Family Intervention Approach, Follow-up, Literature, Methods, Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder, Outcome, Panic Disorder, Pharmacotherapy, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Practice, Psychotherapy, Rating Scales, Research, Review, Science, Self-Rating Scales, Sensitivity, Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Subclinical Symptoms, Symptoms, Term Antidepressant Treatment, Treatment, Web of Science, Well-Being TherapyTitle: Psychotherapy ResearchFull Journal Title: Psychotherapy ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1050-3307Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Krause, M.S. and Howard, K.I. (2002), The linear model is a very special case: How to explore data for their full clinical implications. Psychotherapy Research, 12 (4), 475-490.Abstract: There are clinically important structures of mappings between cases’ locations in independent variable spaces and their locations in dependent variable spaces that are not well characterized by linear model methods. A general model of data presentation and exploration is presented in terms of sufficient condition causality. It can be used for discovering and portraying cause-and-effect mapping structures, for suggesting appropriate versions of the linear model for particular data sets, and for interpreting the results of studies, especially for clinical purposes. The linear model is shown to be a special case of this general model.Borkenhagen, A., Decker, O., Br?hler, E. and Strauss, B. (2002), Original article bibliometric analysis the journal of the society for Psychotherapy Research and the diversity of Psychotherapy Research: A compilation and comparison of North American and European contributions. Psychotherapy Research, 12 (4), 491-514.Full Text: P\Psy Res12, 491.pdfAbstract: Based on the recent discussion on evidence-based psychotherapy, the last 5 volumes of the international journal Psychotherapy Research were bibliometrically analyzed. The analysis demonstrates the variety and complexity of recent psychotherapy research by investigating articles from Psychotherapy Research, which serves as the official organ of the Society for Psychotherapy Research. North American and European contributions were compared with respect to the hypotheses, research tradition, methodological approaches, leading representatives (frequently cited authors of the journal), and the reception of the international state of research. Regardless of the current dominance of empirically supported treatments, the editors of Psychotherapy Research strategically compiled a wide variety of current research approaches without restricting the publications to randomized controlled studies that evaluated care systems. This approach has proven successful in view of the impact of the journal within the scientific community and among the flagship journals of the field.van Raan, A.F.J., Visser, M.S., Van Leeuwen, T.N. and van Wijk, E. (2003), Bibliometric analysis of Psychotherapy Research: Performance assessment and position in the journal landscape. Psychotherapy Research, 13 (4), 511-528.Full Text: P\Psy Res13, 511.pdfAbstract: The authors provide an overview of advanced bibliometric methods for (a) an objective and transparent assessment of journal performance and (b) positioning of a journal in relation-to other journals. These methods are applied to Psychotherapy Research, an international journal within the field of clinical psychology. In the first analysis, the authors focus on journal performance in an international comparative perspective (i.e., the performance of the journal in relation to all other journals in the same field of science) and introduce a novel type of journal impact factor. In the second analysis, the authors position the journal on the basis of total citation relations among all relevant journals, including those outside the specific field of science to which the journal belongs. A multitude of interdisciplinary relations between the journal under investigation and many other journals is revealed. The investigators discuss briefly the potential of such a ‘journal citation mapping’ for unraveling interdisciplinary developments and ‘interfaces’ between different fields of science.Keywords: Impact Factors, Netherlands, IndicatorsTitle: Public AdministrationFull Journal Title: Public AdministrationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Corley, E.A. and Sabharwal, M. (2010), Scholarly collaboration and productivity patterns in public administration: Analysing recent trends. Public Administration, 88 (3), 627-648.Full Text: 2010\Pub Adm88, 627.pdfAbstract: Previous studies have confirmed the interdisciplinary nature of the field of public administration (Mosher 1956; Ventriss 1991; Forrester 1996; Rodgers and Rodgers 2000; Schroeder et al. 2004) and encouraged the exploration of one important indicator of interdisciplinarity: research collaboration. One way that collaboration patterns are explored is through the study of co-authorship among faculty members (Smart and Bayer 1986; Forrester 1996; Katz and Martin 1997). In the field of public administration, studies on co-authorship and productivity of scholars are sparse. In this article, we use bibliometric data to explore collaboration patterns as they relate to productivity levels and quality of publications within the field of public administration. Our study finds that more productive scholars, as well as those with the highest impact, are less likely to collaborate than their colleagues. Our results also indicate that there are gender differences in collaboration patterns and productivity within the field of public administration.Keywords: Affairs Programs, Bibliometric, Citation Rates, Co-Authorship, Collaboration, Doctoral Dissertation, Economics, Gender-Differences, Multiple Authorship, Political-Science Journals, Publications, Research, Scientific Productivity, United-States? Vogel, R. (2010), Parallel, transfer or collaboration strategy of relating theory to practice? A case study of public management debate in Germany. Public Administration, 88 (3), 680-705.Full Text: 2010\Pub Adm88, 680.pdfAbstract: The relationship between theory and practice is essential to ‘applied sciences’ such as public management. However, the current debate on this topic lacks empirical substantiation. Here I develop a methodology for the indication of how the theory-practice gap is actually addressed in a given subfield of management enquiry. I distinguish three archetypal strategies of relating theory to practice and develop several bibliometric indicators for them. Subsequently, I apply this methodology in a case study on the German public management debate from 1989 to 2005, a study based on bibliometric data of some 900 articles on public management. As will be demonstrated, in Germany, the theory-practice divide is predominantly framed as a problem of knowledge transfer between scholars and practitioners. Reflections on the institutional structures of public management in Germany make it clear why the transfer strategy is chosen, thus proving the validity of the suggested indicators.Keywords: Academic-Practitioner Collaboration, Administration Scholarship, Bibliometric, Co-Authorship, Collaboration, Great Divide, Human-Resource Management, Narrative Inquiry, Organization Theory, Policy, Science, Separate WorldsTitle: Public Administration and DevelopmentFull Journal Title: Public Administration and DevelopmentISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Christensen, R.K. and Gazley, B. (2008), Capacity for Public Administration: Analysis of Meaning and Measurement. Public Administration and Development, 28 (4), 265-279.Abstract: Public administration researchers and practitioners have placed a heavy emphasis on the theme of programme performance. More recently, there has been a growing sentiment in the literature about the integral role of organisational capacity in achieving performance. While this is often expressed in the (re)iteration of a ‘management matters’ mantra, we see some disarray in the broader capacity literature both in definition and application. As scholars call for more integrated models of governance that link, for example, capacity and performance, we see a growing need for an analysis of the concept of capacity. Using bibliometric and content analyses to explore scholarly treatment of capacity constructs, this article assesses whether the perceived disarray is real, and if so what consequences it might have. We do so by reporting on capacity’s meaning and measurement through an analysis of four decades of the private, public and nonprofit management literatures. While specific definitions of capacity are, by nature, context dependent, we conclude by distilling a general, conceptual framework of capacity for public management researchers and practitioners. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Absorptive-Capacity, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Big Questions, Capacity, Content Analysis, Framework, Governance, Innovative Capacity, Literature, Management, Measurement, Model, Organizational-Effectiveness, Performance, Programs, TreatmentTitle: Public HealthFull Journal Title: Public Health; Public HealthISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0033-3506Issues/Year: 6Journal Country EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Stockton PressPublisher Address: Houndmills, Basingstoke RG21 6XS, Hampshire, EnglandSubject Categories: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health: Impact Factor 0.509, 70/85? Wallis, E.M. and Dorman, K.B. (1970), Drinking water in schools. Public Health, 84 (4), 191-193.? (1978), Summary report of the W.H.O. Regional Office for Europe’s working group on the health significance of chemicals occurring naturally in drinking water. Public Health, 92 (5), 216-217.? Udonsi, J.K. and Amabibi, M.I. (1992), The human environment, occupation, and possible water-borne transmission of the human hookworm, Necator americanus, in endemic coastal communities of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Public Health, 106 (1), 63-71.Full Text: 1992\Pub Hea106, 63.pdfAbstract: A 15-month longitudinal study was carried out in four riverine communities of the Niger Delta to ascertain the impact of the environment and occupation on the transmission and infection pattern of the human hookworm Necator americanus. A total of 925 (50.10%) individuals were found to be infected. Male and female infection rates were 54.26% and 47.96% respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The prevalence of infection, the egg counts, and the seasonal incidence were related to the occupations and mode of transmission. The highest occupation prevalence of 60.92% occurred among the fishermen through water-borne transmission, while prevalence rates of 52.96% and 52.4% were recorded respectively through soil transmission. The difference between fishermen’s prevalence and farmers’ prevalence was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Farmers’ egg counts varied from 1, 500 eggs per gram (epg) in the dry season to 7, 500 epg in the rainy season. Fishermen’s egg counts ranged from 3,000 epg in the rainy season to 8,000 epg in the dry season. The difference was not significant (P greater than 0.05). Among farmers the highest monthly incidence of 25% occurred in June, while the highest incidence of 35% occurred in fishermen in April. Incidence of infection among fishermen remained significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than in other occupation groups during the dry season months. Water-borne transmission of hookworm probably increases the incidence and egg counts among fishermen during the dry season.? Fewtrell, L., Kay, D., Jones, F., Baker, A. and Mowat, A. (1996), Copper in drinking water: An investigation into possible health effects. Public Health, 110 (3), 175-177.Full Text: 1996\Pub Hea110, 175.pdfAbstract: A study was carried out to examine the possible relationship between levels of copper in drinking water and the incidence of specified childhood liver complaints presenting at a major UK paediatric liver unit. Public drinking water supplies were generally found to have levels of copper which were well below the EC standard of 3,000 micrograms/l. In private supplies, a slightly greater number of samples were found to exceed the prescribed concentration; in one instance a value of 26,000 micrograms/l was recorded. Data describing infant patients reporting to Kings College Hospital, London with specified liver complaints were examined. Where the address of patients could be determined (220 out of 240 cases), all patients were found to live in areas served by public drinking water supplies and were, thus, unlikely to have experienced elevated drinking water copper concentrations.? Jones, I.G. and Roworth, M. (1996), An outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157 and Campylobacteriosis associated with contamination of a drinking water supply. Public Health, 110 (5), 277-282.Full Text: 1996\Pub Hea110, 277.pdfAbstract: Stream water into which treated sewage discharged contaminated the public water supply of a Fife village with a population of about 1100. of 765 residents and workers who reported illness 711 had gastrointestinal symptoms and 633 were defined as cases. Mains water analysis revealed high faecal coliform counts. An outbreak of Campylobacter and E coli 0157 infection was bacteriologically confirmed in eight and six people respectively. Two of the latter developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome. All affected individuals made full recoveries. Human normal immunoglobulin was offered to those aged between six months and 40 years of age and 618 individuals were immunised. Salivary tests four months after the incident confirmed that no Hepatitis A outbreak had occurred. In a follow-up questionnaire residents generally expressed happiness with the medical response to the incident although many reported that they still had worries. The two major medical issues which emerged from this outbreak were the importance of effective communications and the appropriateness of offering post-exposure human normal immunoglobulin.? Cryer, P.C., Davidson, L., Styles, C.P. and Langley, J.D. (1996), Descriptive epidemiology of injury in the South East: Identifying priorities for action. Public Health, 110 (6), 331-338.Full Text: 1996\Pub Hea110, 331.pdfAbstract: Objective: To demonstrate the significance of injury in relation to other health problems, to describe the pattern of injury. in one region of England, and to identify priorities for further epidemiological and prevention work.Design: Cases were identified retrospectively from secondary data sources, namely using routinely collected data on deaths (OPCS anonymized death registrations for the period 1988-1991) and hospital in-patients (South Thames (East) RHA files of in-patient episodes). Denominator data for rates were obtained from the 1991 mid-year population estimates from the OPCS.Setting: The cohort was defined as those resident in South Thames (East) during the study period, namely Rent, East Sussex, and South East London. The study period was 1988-1991 calendar years inclusive for the fatalities: and was the financial year from 1 April 1991-31 March 1992 for injury resulting in hospital admission.Main results: Injuries were found to be the fifth leading cause of death, the third leading cause of potential years of life lost (PYLL), and the third most common cause of hospital bed utilisation. Injury rates varied dramatically with age, and sex. The highest injury death and hospitalization rates were amongst elderly people. The leading causes of injury death were motor vehicle traffic crashes (25%), suicide (23%), and falls (15%); for injury hospitalizations they were falls (60% of bed-days), and motor-vehicle traffic crashes (13% of bed-days). The most common places identified for the occurrence of injury death were road, home, and residential institutions. Those injuries that accounted for most admissions to hospital were fractures (59% of bed-days).Conclusions: A number of areas have been identified as regional priorities. These are motor vehicle traffic crashes involving pedestrians (especially children under 15 and those aged 65 and over), car occupants and motor cyclists (especially young adult males); falls (especially those aged 65 and over); those occurring in residential institutions (especially for elderly people); fire and flames (affecting children under 15); suicide/self harm (all ages 15 and above); and homicide/assault (in males aged 15-34).Keywords: Injury, Descriptive Epidemiology, Priorities? Fewtrell, L., Kay, D., Wyer, M. and Oneill, G. (1997), An investigation into the possible links between shigellosis and hepatitis A and public water supply disconnections. Public Health, 111 (3), 179-181.Full Text: 1997\Pub Hea111, 179.pdf? Hoque, B.A., Chakraborty, J., Chowdhury, J.T., Chowdhury, U.K., Ali, M., el Arifeen, S. and Sack, R.B. (1999), Effects of environmental factors on child survival in Bangladesh: A case control study. Public Health, 113 (2), 57-64.Full Text: 1999\Pub Hea113, 57.pdfAbstract: The need for further studies on relationships between deaths and environmental variables has been reported in the literature. This case-control study was, therefore, carried out to find out the associations between several social and environmental variables and deaths of children due to infectious diseases such as those leading to diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, measles and other diseases. Six hundred and twenty-five deaths (cases) and an equal number of matched living children (controls) aged 1-59 months, were studied in rural Matlab. An analysis of crude and adjusted odds ratio showed differential associations. Sources of drinking water, amount of stored water, conditions of latrines, number of persons sleeping with the child and the type of cooking site were statistically significantly associated with deaths due to infectious diseases after controlling for breast feeding, immunization, and the family size. Significant associations were also observed between: (i) the sources of drinking water and deaths due to ARI, and (II) conditions of latrines and deaths due to diarrhoeal diseases, after controlling for the confounding variables. Several other environmental factors also showed associations with these various death groups, but they were not statistically significant. The size of the samples in death groups (small) and the prevalence of more or less homogeneous environmental health conditions probably diminished the magnitude of the effects. The results of the study reconfirm the importance of environmental health intervention in child survival, irrespective of breast-feeding, immunization, and selected social variables.? Gardner, P.A. (2000), The society of public health: 1957-1997. Public Health, 114 (2), 73-107.Full Text: 2000\Pub Hea114, 73.pdfAbstract: History of the Period 1957-1997 The Society of Public Health: 1957-1997 is in two parts that are complementary but may be read independently of each other. Part 1: A History of the Period 1957-1997 This account details the progress and activity of the last forty years of the Society of Public Health (previously The Society of Community Medicine: Originally The Society of Medical Officers of Health) before its ammalgamation with the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene to form The Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene and Society of Public Health. The appendices to this account cover the Presidents of The Society and Its Branches (Home and Overseas) and Special Interest Groups, Editors, its Faculty, Awards and Conferences since the Society’s establishment in 1856 or their own beginning, as appropriate. Published in Public Health (2000) 114, 73-107 Part 2: Profiles of Some Fellows of the Society of Public Health To be published in Public Health (2000) 114 (3) This consists of profiles of eminent people active within the Society and the wider discipline of public health during the period 1957-1997. As it is based on availability of information the series cannot be all inclusive and readers are invited to consult the history in Part 1 and the listings in its appendices for additional information regarding members of the Society of Public Health.? Rahman, M. and Fukui, T. (2003), Biomedical publication - global profile and trend. Public Health, 117 (4), 274-280.Full Text: 2003\Pub Hea117, 274.pdfAbstract: The objectives of this study were to describe the global profile of biomedical. research productivity and to examine any improvement seen in it in the developing world during the period 1990-2000. Biomedical research articles published during 1990-2000 were accessed through the MEDLINE database. The number of (journal) articles originating from each of the countries of the world, normalized to number of publications per million population (PPMP) per year, was elicited. In addition, the time trends of the number of publications in terms of each of the countries, continents, and economic groups were investigated. In terms of continents, North America had the highest number of biomedical PPMP per year (341.33); this was followed by Australia and Oceania (288.35), Europe (136.88), Asia (12.81), South America and Caribbean region (10.80), and Africa (3.50). In total, 52.7% of the countries showed a positive trend over time: 23.3% in South America, 28.9% in Africa, 40.0% in Austratia and Oceania, 61.0% in Asia, 84.6% in Europe, and 100% in North America. ALL the continents except Africa showed a significantly positive trend. The share of the total number of publications went down for Africa (from 1.2 to 0.8%) and up stightly for Asia (from 14.3 to 15.6%) and South America (from 1.3 to 1.8%) during 2000 compared with 1990. The better the economic ranking of a country, the higher the number of biomedical PPMP. The total share of publications coming from Low-income countries also fell, from 2% in 1990 to 1.7% in 2000. The imbalance between devetoped and developing countries in terms of biomedical research is significant. Pragmatic policies should be adopted by the World Bank, World Health Organization, other United Nations bodies, and respective governments to encourage biomedical. research in the less-developed parts of the world. (C) 2003 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Africa, Asia, Australia, Biomedical, Biomedical Research, Bodies, Caribbean Region, Country, Database, Developing, Developing Countries, Developing World, Economic, Europe, Improvement, Journal, North, Policies, Population, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Ranking, Research, Research Productivity, Rights, South America, Time Trends, Trend, Trends, World, World Bank, World Health Organization? Hammarstr?m, A., Lehti, A., Danielsson, U., Bengs, C. and Johansson, E.E. (2009), Gender-related explanatory models of depression: A critical evaluation of medical articles. Public Health, 123 (10), 689-693.Full Text: 2009\Pub Hea123, 689.pdfAbstract: Objectives: Although research has consistently shown a higher prevalence of depression among women compared with men, there is a lack of consensus regarding explanatory factors for these gender-related differences. The aim of this paper was to analyse the scientific quality of different gender-related explanatory models of depression in the medical database PubMed. Study design: Qualitative and quantitative analyses of PubMed articles. Methods: In a database search in PubMed for 2002, 82 articles on gender and depression were selected and analysed with qualitative and quantitative content analyses. In total, 10 explanatory factors and four explanatory models were found. The ISI Web of Science database was searched in order to obtain the citation number and journal impact factor for each article. Results: The most commonly used gender-related explanatory model for depression was the biomedical model (especially gonadal hormones), followed by the sociocultural and psychological models. Compared with the other models, the biomedical model scored highest on bibliometric measures but lowest on measures of multifactorial dimensions and differences within the group of men, women. Conclusion: The biomedical model for explaining gender-related aspects of depression had the highest quality when bibliometric methods were used. However, the sociocultural and psychological models had higher quality than the biomedical model when multifactoriality and intersectionality were analysed. There is a need for the development of new methods in order to evaluate the scientific quality of research. (C) 2009 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric Methods, Biomedical, Citation, Comprehensive Developmental Model, Depression, Development, Explanatory Models, Gender, Impact Factor, Intersectionality, Journal, Major Depression, Multifactoriality, Public Health, Pubmed, Research, Web of Science, Women? Oestergaard, S. and Moldrup, C. (2011), Improving outcomes for patients with depression by enhancing antidepressant therapy with non-pharmacological interventions: A systematic review of reviews. Public Health, 125 (6), 357-367.Full Text: 2011\Pub Hea125, 357.pdfAbstract: Objective: To analyse literature reviews reporting outcomes of non-pharmacological interventions directed at improving the treatment of depression. Methods: A review of English articles was performed in June 2009 using the following databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. Only review articles comparing traditional pharmacotherapy and interventions combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments were included. Extraction of articles and quality assessment of included reviews was performed independently by two authors using the AMSTAR score. Results: The articles in the final data set included research on psychotherapeutic, multifaceted and single-component interventions. Single-component interventions have failed to demonstrate improved outcome for patients with depression. Collaborative care and additional psychotherapy have been shown to provide more benefits for patients than pharmacotherapy alone. Both approaches have a small effect on short-term treatment, and psychotherapy is the most effective for long-term prognosis in terms of preventing relapse. Conclusion: Conclusions regarding the effects of adherence-improving and multifaceted interventions are fairly certain. However, the findings about the impact of combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy on the outcomes of depression remain tentative due to the methodological limitations of available reviews. (C) 2011 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adherence, Anxiety Disorders, Assessment, Authors, Cochrane, Collaborative-Care, Combined Pharmacotherapy, Databases, Depression, Disease Management, Embase, Extraction, Health, Impact, Interventions, Literature, Medication, Methods, Non-Pharmacological Interventions, Outcome, Outcomes, Persistent Symptoms, Pharmacotherapy, Primary-Care, Prognosis, Psychotherapy, Public Health, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled-Trials, Research, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Traditional, Treatment, Treatment Outcomes, Web of ScienceTitle: Public Health Nursing(Public Health Nurs.)Full Journal Title: Public Health NursingISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Chubon, S.J. (1992), Home care during the aftermath of Hurricane Hugo. Public Health Nursing, 9 (2), 97-102.Abstract: During the course of field observations for an ethnographic study of home care nurses’ job stress, Hurricane Hugo struck the community, causing extensive damage. The nurses’ office building was heavily damaged by wind and water, and their office was not habitable for almost a week. The author had observed the nurses’ work practices over 10 weeks before the hurricane. In the aftermath of the storm, the nurses were simultaneously disaster victims and caregivers for other victims. They experienced grief, anger, and frustration about their losses, as well as conflict between their family-and work-related responsibilities. Their experiences and behaviors were consistent with those described in prior disaster research literature, lending further support to the earlier studies. A major asset for these nurses was their open, supportive work environment. They were able to accept and affirm one another’s negative feelings and to provide support to each other as they dealt with their losses.? Braden, C.J. (1992), Description of learned response to chronic illness: Depressed versus nondepressed self-help class participants. Public Health Nursing, 9 (2), 103-108.Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of a community-based health-promotion program that was collaboratively designed and that is currently being implemented by lay persons who have the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and by health professionals. Two groups of SLE self-help course participants contributed data for this theory-guided preexperimental program impact study. Braden’s self-help model provided the theoretical framework. The variables addressed were severity of illness, limitations, uncertainty, enabling skill self-efficacy, self-worth, and life quality. The groups consisted of 35 subjects having low depression scores (less-than-or-equal-to 77) and 37 with high depression scores (greater-than-or-equal-to 272) on a measure having a possible range of scores from 0 to 400. Data were collected at three points: at the beginning of class 1, after class 7 (7 wks later), and two months after completion of the course. A group (2) by time (3) by measures (10) MANOVA analysis procedure was used with a follow up univariate F test and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison procedure. Significant change was evident for the level of depression group and for three interaction effects of group×time, group×measure, and group×time×measure.Keywords: Behaviors? Phillips, L. (1995), Chattanooga Creek: Case study of the Public Health Nursing role in environmental health. Public Health Nursing, 12 (5), 335-340.Abstract: Public Health Nurses have two primary roles in protecting their communities from hazardous substances: community assessment and health education. Developing assessment skills in environmental health enables Public Health Nurses to collaborate with other federal, state, and county agencies in identifying public health hazards and making health-based recommendations at hazardous waste sites needing remedial or removal interventions. Community health education empowers communities to minimize their exposure to hazardous wastes in their environment. Methods for community environmental health assessment and interventions are demonstrated in this article by activities conducted at the Chattanooga Creek site in Chattanooga, Tennessee. A thorough assessment and collaborative approach between government agencies, local health professionals, and community members resulted in a successful community health education program and this site’s placement on the National Priorities List.Pratt, L.K., Runyan, C.W., Cohen, L.R. and Margolis, P.A. (1998), Home visitors’ beliefs and practices regarding childhood injury prevention. Public Health Nursing, 15 (1), 44-49.Full Text: P\Pub Hea Nur15, 44.pdfAbstract: Injuries are the leading cause of death for children under age 19. Prevention efforts focus on eliminating hazards or changing individuals’ behavior. Few interventions address psychosocial factors that contribute to injuries. Home visiting programs target families’ functioning and help parents overcome, barriers that inhibit their readiness and ability to address injury prevention. This study, a telephone interview with 87 Public Health Nurses and social workers, assessed home visitors’ preparedness to address childhood injury prevention, their practices and factors influencing their ability to undertake injury prevention activities. Results showed that 41% of home visitors talked to parents about injury prevention during visits. To identify hazards, most visitors (81%) assessed the home environment as they did other things; 51% never used a home safety checklist. Most home visitors discussed hot water temperature (82%), smoke detectors (76%), and firearms (50%). To respond to hazards, most relied on verbal education. Other priorities and time constraints were major barriers to injury prevention activities. Home visitors’ beliefs in the importance of injury prevention and willingness to implement strategies suggest that home visiting can be an effective delivery strategy for injury prevention. It is important to consider how to include, in a systematic manner, injury prevention in home visitor training.Title: Public Health NutritionFull Journal Title: Public Health NutritionISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Adish, A.A., Esrey, S.A., Gyorkos, T.W. and Johns, T. (1999), Risk factors for iron deficiency anaemia in preschool children in northern Ethiopia. Public Health Nutrition, 2 (3), 243-252.Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for anaemia in preschool children.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Tigray province, northern Ethiopia.SUBJECTS: 2080 of 2373 children aged 6-60 months provided blood to assess anaemia.RESULTS: Anaemia was highly prevalent (42%) and constituted an important nutritional problem in the region. In a sub-sample of 230 anaemic children, 56% had a low red blood cell (RBC) count, and 43% had a serum ferritin of less than 12 microgl-1 indicating that the anaemia was largely due to iron deficiency. Unlike other regions in developing countries, hookworm (0.4%) and malaria (0.0%) were rare and contributed little to the anaemia. Even though their diet lacked variety, the amount of iron consumed through cereal-based staple foods was adequate. However, the iron in these foods was not readily available and their diets were probably high in iron absorption inhibitors and low in enhancers. Dietary factors associated with anaemia included frequent consumption of inhibitors, such as fenugreek and coffee, and poor health in the child such as diarrhoea and stunting.CONCLUSIONS: Underlying causes of anaemia were lack of safe water and inadequate human waste management, maternal illiteracy and mother being ill, and having no food reserves. The root cause of these factors was poverty. The optimal control strategy for iron deficiency anaemia should have a holistic approach which includes the alleviation of poverty, the empowerment of women and the provision of a safe environment.? Giskes, K., Kamphuis, C.B.M., van Lenthe, F.J., Kremers, S., Droomers, M. and Brug, J. (2007), A systematic review of associations between environmental factors, energy and fat intakes among adults: Is there evidence for environments that encourage obesogenic dietary intakes? Public Health Nutrition, 10 (10), 1005-1017.Abstract: Objective: To review the literature examining associations between environmental factors, energy and fat intakes among adults, and to identify issues for future research. Methods: Literature searches of studies published between 1980 and 2004 were condticted in major databases (i.e. PUBMED, Human Nutrition, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Sociofile). Additional articles were located by citation tracking. Results: Twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. No study provided a clear conceptualisation of how environmental factors may influence these dietary intakes. Availability, social, cultural and material aspects of the environment were relatively understudied compared with other factors such as seasonal/day of the week variation and work-related factors. Few studies examined the specific environmental factors implicated in the obesity epidemic, and there was little study replication. All studies were observational and cross-sectional. Conclusions. It is too premature to conclude whether or not environmental factors play a role in obesogenic and unhealthy dietary intakes. More studies need to examine associations with those environmental factors thought to contribute to obesogenic environments. There needs to be more development in theories that conceptualise the relationship between environmental factors and dietary intakes.Keywords: Adults, Atherosclerosis Risk, Citation, Databases, Development, Energy, Environment, Environmental, Fat, Food-Intake, Guidelines-for-Americans, Health Behaviors, Human, Life-Style Factors, Literature, Major Chronic Disease, Methods, Obesity, Obesogenic, Observational, Physical-Activity, Portion Size, Pubmed, Research, Review, Science, Social, Systematic, Systematic Review, Theories, Vegetable Consumption, Web of Science, WomenTitle: Public Health ReportsFull Journal Title: Public Health ReportsISO Abbreviated Title: Public Health Rep.JCR Abbreviated Title: Public Health RepISSN: 0033-3549Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: US Government Printing OfficePublisher Address: Superintendent Documents, Washington, DC 20402-9325Subject Categories: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health: Impact Factor 1.197, 43/85? Thomas, J.G. (1900), Reports from Port Limon-Fruit port. Public Health Reports, 15 (49), 2990-2991.? Weaver, C.L. and Harward, E.D. (1967), Surveillance of nuclear power reactors. Public Health Reports, 82 (10), 899-912.? Weaver, C.L., Harward, E.D. and Peterson Jr., H.T. (1969), Tritium in the environment from nuclear powerplants. Public Health Reports, 84 (4), 363-371.? Eden, K.V., Rosenberg, M.L., Stoopler, M., Wood, B.T., Highsmith, A.K., Skaliy, P., Wells, J.G. and Feeley, J.C. (1977), Waterborne gastrointestinal illness at a ski resort.--Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from drinking water--. Public Health Reports, 92 (3), 245-250.Abstract: Approximately 41 percent of the visitors and employees who were at a ski resort in Montana between December 23 (1974), and January 17, 1975, became ill with diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. The association between illness and water consumption proved to be significant, and the previously noncontaminated water supply was found to contain coliforms. No pathogens except Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated, and it was isolated from two wells serving the area. The role of Y. enterocolitica in this outbreak is not clear, but it was the only organism isolated that is known to be pathogenic.? Eklund, S.A. and Striffler, D.F. (1980), Anticaries effect of various concentrations of fluoride in drinking water: Evaluation of empirical evidence. Public Health Reports, 95 (5), 486-490.Abstract: The benefits to be expected from the adjustment of fluoride levels in drinking water have been studied in great depth, but for the most part only with respect to changes from negligible concentrations to approximately 1.0 ppm. This study makes use of previously gathered data on fluoride concentration in domestic water supplies, the average decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores of the 12-to 14-year-old children, and temperature data in conjunction with linear mathematical models to estimate the effect on DMFT of changes in fluoride concentrations from levels above 0.1 ppm to ideal levels. The results of the analyses indicate that the endemic levels of fluoride in a community water supply play a major role in determining the relative benefit of adjusting that water supply to an ideal level of fluoride. If a rational policy decision is to be made with respect to fluoridation for a given community, the endemic fluoride levels must be considered in conjunction with such factors as population size and the anticipated cost to initiate and maintain the program.? Shaw, J.R., Todd, N.W., Goodwin, Jr., M.H. and Feldman, C.M. (1981), Observations on the relation of environmental and behavioral factors to the occurrence of otitis media among Indian children. Public Health Reports, 96 (4), 342-349.Abstract: Studies were conducted to assess the relation of environmental and behaviora factors to occurrence of acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) among four populations of Indian children in Arizona. Episodes of ASOM were recorded for 1, 428 children observed during the first year of life. Data obtained on the households and premises of these children included number of persons in the household, number of sleeping rooms, type of water supply and sewage disposal, type of heating and cooling, availability of electricity, method of infant feeding, distance to a health facility, and mother’s education. The rates of ASOM for the four populations ranged from 1.1 to 2.2 attacks per child and differed significantly from each other, with one exception. The differences between populations apparently were not related to any of the factors evaluated. Additional analyses to evaluate the association of each factor with occurrence of ASOM included (a) a comparison of rates among children living in homes having each factor with rates among children living in homes lacking the factor, (b) a comparison of the frequency of each factor in homes of children who had no recorded attacks of ASOM with the frequency in homes of children who had three or more attacks (high-risk children), and (c) an evaluation of the relation between frequency of encounters for ASOM and the environmental factors. Results did not indicate that any environmental or behavioral factor observed was consistently or strongly associated with either the incidence of ASOM or the frequency of attacks. Similarly, no differences were apparent in the frequency of adverse environmental conditions in homes of infants with contrasting rates of ASOM. Rates of ASOM during the first year of life were not associated with either the presence or the absence of adverse environmental conditions.? Rozier, R.G. and Dudney, G.G. (1981), Dental fluorosis in children exposed to multiple sources of fluoride: Implications for school fluoridation programs. Public Health Reports, 96 (6), 542-546.Abstract: Naturally occurring fluorides of varying levels made possible a study do determine if continuous, lifetime use of home drinking water fluoridated to optimum levels combined with the use of school fluoridated water beginning at school age causes objectionable levels of dental fluorosis as defined by Dr. H. Trendley Dean in 1936. Examinations were performed on 120 children who had fluoride concentrations in home well water ranging from 0.1 to 6.5 ppm and attended a school with a private water source containing 4.5 ppm natural fluoride (5.6 times the optimum for community fluoridation in the area). Fluorosis scores were calculated for each of four groups formed according to fluoride concentrations in home water supplies. The group with an average concentration of 0.87 ppm was found to have a Community Index of Dental Fluorosis well within Dean’s normal limits. The results suggest that children consuming water at home containing the optimal fluoride concentration and drinking water at school containing the recommended fluoride level (4.5 times the optimum) are not at risk to dental fluorosis that impairs appearance. If this finding is corroborated by future clinical studies, the target population for school fluoridation can be expanded and the administration of these programs facilitated.? (1983), Health protection: Toxic agent and radiation control. Public Health Reports, Sep., 56-69Abstract: It is estimated that of the four million chemical compounds which have been synthesized or isolated from natural materials, more than 55,000 are produced commercially. Approximately 1,000 new compounds are introduced annually; pesticide formulations alone contain about 1, 500 active chemical ingredients. Diagnostic x-rays are used extensively in medicine and dentistry. Over 2,000 chemicals are suspected carcinogens in laboratory animals--epidemiologic evidence suggests that 26 of these chemicals and/or industrial processes are carcinogenic in humans. More than 20 agents are known to be associated with birth defects in humans; 47 atmospheric contaminants have been identified in animal studies as recognized carcinogens and 128 as mutagens; and, of the 765 contaminants identified in drinking water, 12 were recognized carcinogens, 31 suspected carcinogens, and 59 mutagens. Radiation has known carcinogenic and genetic effects at significant levels of exposure. Problems with toxic agents and radiation sources occur not only in industry, but also in medical and dental care (x-rays and drugs), agriculture (pesticides and herbicides), Government activities (biological and chemical agents), consumer products (incorrect use of consumer products which contain toxic substances), and natural sources (fungal products).? (1983), Health protection: Fluoridation and dental health. Public Health Reports, Sep., 94-97.Abstract: Tooth decay, which affects 95 percent of Americans, is our most common health problem, costing an estimated +2 billion yearly for treatment. By the time children reach 17 years of age, 94 percent have experienced caries and 36 percent have lost one or more permanent teeth due to caries. Dental disease prevention embodies the spectrum of many activities from the fluoridation of community and school water supplies to the dental health education of the child and adult. At this stage of our knowledge, the most effective and cost-beneficial intervention is fluoridation. Fluoridation can reduce the incidence of dental caries by about 65 percent, reduce the need for multiple surface fillings, crowns and extractions, and significantly increase the number of children who are completely free of cavities. No other public health measure is as effective in building a decay-resistant tooth while being available to all without regard to education or socio-economic background. The number of people served by fluoridated water systems has increased steadily since its introduction. Currently, however, less than half of all Americans have access to fluoridated water. In areas where community water supplies are not fluoridated, school drinking water is seldom fluoridated despite evidence supporting the efficacy of this procedure.? Starko, K.M., Lippy, E.C., Dominguez, L.B., Haley, C.E. and Fisher, H.J. (1986), Campers’ diarrhea outbreak traced to water-sewage link. Public Health Reports, 101 (5), 527-531.Abstract: From June through September 1979, diarrheal illness occurred in an estimated 1, 850 persons who had camped at a private campground in Arizona. Illness occurred more frequently among campers at that campground than among those in the adjacent State park (P less than 0.0001). The same well served both the private and the State campgrounds as the source of drinking water, but that water was distributed to the two campgrounds through separate lines. Illness was significantly associated with drinking water at the campsite (P less than 0.0001), drinking larger quantities of campsite water (P less than 0.001), and camping on the southwest side of the campground (P less than 0.001). Samples of the water collected from the system during January through June contained no coliform bacteria. However, all those samples had been collected from the State park only. of the 11 water samples submitted for bacteriological analyses during the summer, 3 had high levels of bacteria. Excavation of the water system uncovered a direct cross connection between the potable water system and a sewage-effluent irrigation system. This outbreak calls attention to the importance of designing, maintaining, and monitoring potable water systems properly, especially those proximate to wastewater re-use systems.? Coffin, R.R., Witherell, L.E., Novick, L.F. and Stone, K.M. (1987), Establishment of an exposure level to tetrachloroethylene in ambient air in Vermont. Public Health Reports, 102 (6), 681-686.Abstract: Where environmental contaminants pose potential health hazards, health departments are involved in complex and often controversial situations. Often the rapid formation of a threshold exposure level is required to protect public health. A decision making process was implemented in Vermont when it became necessary to have an interim ambient air exposure level to test for tetrachloroethylene contamination in the water, air, and soil of a community. Contamination of public and private drinking water and, A.M.bient air in schools and homes was discovered as a result of uncontrolled waste disposal from an industrial uniform laundry and drycleaning plant. A telephone survey was conducted to determine action taken by the other 49 States regarding emission standards for tetrachloroethylene into ambient air. There were no guidelines in 25 States, and there were guidelines in the remaining 25. Vermont’s Commissioner of Health convened a multidisciplinary group of public health professionals to review various approaches to the establishment of an ambient air standard. A decision making action using modified Delphi and nominal group consensus methods set the interim standard at 67 micrograms per cubic meter in ambient air. The drycleaning plant had been closed voluntarily before the standard was established, and the interim standard was used to prevent reopening of the plant through a health order issued by the Vermont Health Department. The standard was also useful for guidance during environmental remediation.? Kelsey, J.L. (1989), Risk factors for osteoporosis and associated fractures. Public Health Reports, 104, 14-20.Abstract: Established risk factors for osteoporosis and associated fractures are increasing age, female sex, white race, removal of the ovaries at an early age, prolonged immobility, and prolonged use of corticosteroids. Obesity and use of estrogen replacement therapy are protective. Factors that probably or possibly increase risk in postmenopausal white women include a low calcium intake, cigarette smoking, and, at least for hip fractures, use of long half-life psychotrophic drugs and heavy alcohol consumption. Factors probably or possibly associated with a decreased risk include ingestion of vitamin D and its metabolites, fluoride levels of 2 ppm or more in drinking water, moderate physical activity, pregnancies and breast feeding, use of thiazide diuretics, and progestogens. Some evidence suggests that calcium intake and physical activity at young ages may be important determinants of peak bone mass. Few studies have been undertaken in males and blacks, although at least some risk factors in males may be similar to those in females. Preventive efforts may be aimed at increasing peak bone mass at young ages, preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women, and preventing fractures and their adverse consequences in older people with osteoporosis.? Howe, H.L. (1990), Public concern about chemicals in the environment: Regional differences based on threat potential. Public Health Reports, 105 (2), 186-195.Abstract: While the hazards of chronic environmental pollution remain unclear, people are making decisions about their exposure to pollution and its possible effects on their health. To compare people’s concerns about environmental problems, a systematic, stratified sample was surveyed. The sample was made up of residents, ages 25 through 74 years, of three areas of New York State. The three areas were western New York, with a high density of toxic dump sites; Long Island, with a major shallow ground water aquifer; and the remainder of the State, excluding New York City, as a comparison area. The sampling list was obtained from records of licensed drivers of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. A 66 percent response rate was obtained to the mailed survey. As expected, most concerns were greater for western New York and Long Island, the two areas with highest threat potential for exposure or contamination, than for the comparison area. The single exception was that no regional differences were noted for concerns about environmental pollution and contamination. All concerns were associated with perceived distance between one’s residence and a source of potential exposure. Regardless of region, women were more concerned than men about exposures, pollution, and related health effects. No sex differences, however, were noted for economic concerns.? Fingerhut, L.A. and Cox, C.S. (1998), Poisoning mortality 1985-1995. Public Health Reports, 113 (3), 218-233.Abstract: POISONING WAS REPORTED as the underlying cause of death for 18, 549 people in the United States in 1995 and was ranked as the third leading cause of injury mortality, following deaths from motor vehicle traffic injuries and firearm injuries.Poisoning was the leading cause of injury death for people ages 35 to 44 years. Poisoning death rates were higher in 1995 than in any previous year since at least 1979. From 1990 to 1995, the age-adjusted rate of death from poisoning increased 25%; all of the increase was associated with drugs.About three-fourths of poisoning deaths (77%) in 1995 were caused by drugs. The age-adjusted rate of drug-related poisoning deaths for males (7.2 per 100,000) in 1995 was more than twice that for females (3.0 per 100,000).From 1985 to 1995, poisoning death rates for males ages 35-54 years nearly doubled to 20.4 per 100,000, and the drug-related poisoning death rate for males ages 35-54 years nearly tripled, reaching 16.1 per 100,000. From 1990 to 1995, death rates associated with opiates and cocaine more than doubled among males ages 35-54 years. The numbers of opiate and cocaine poisoning deaths for 1995 more than doubled when all multiple cause of death codes were examined instead of only the underlying cause of death codes.? (1998), EPA considering raising chloroform goals for drinking water [news] [see comments]. Public Health Reports, 113 (4), 290.Landen, M.G., Middaugh, J. and Dannenberg, A.L. (1999), Injuries associated with snowmobiles, Alaska, 1993-1994. Public Health Reports, 114 (1), 48-52.Full Text: P\Pub Hea R114, 48.pdfAbstract: Objective. To characterize the nature and burden of snowmobile injuries in Alaska by examining injury deaths and hospitalizations associated with snowmobiles and comparing these with injury deaths and hospitalizations associated with on-road motor vehicles,Methods, The authors used vital statistics, medical examiner, Department of Public Safety, and Department of Transportation records to identify snowmobile injury deaths, and used vital statistics mortality files to identify on-road motor vehicle injury deaths. The Alaska Trauma Registry provided data on hospitalizations, The number of vehicles in use in 1993-1994 was estimated from snowmobile sales and on-road motor vehicle registrations,Results. For 1993-1994, injury death and hospitalization rates were greater for snowmobiles than for on-road motor vehicles. In northern Alaska, snowmobile injuries outnumbered on-road motor vehicle injuries, A total of 26 snowmobile injury deaths were reported; 7 decedents drowned after breaking through ice and 8 were ejected from vehicles. More than half (58%) of the snowmobile injury deaths involved a natural object such as a boulder, ravine, or river, Of the 17 decedents for whom blood alcohol concentrations were available, 11 (65%) had blood alcohol concentrations greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL.Conclusions. Natural obstacles and alcohol intoxication contribute to the high risk of injury death associated with snowmobile use. injury control strategies, including trail development and improvement, should be evaluated.Keywords: TraumaTitle: Public Health Rev(Public Health Rev.)Full Journal Title: ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Tao, X.G., Zhu, H.G., Yu, S.Z., Zhao, Q.Y., Wang, J.R., Wu, G.D., You, X.F., Li, C., Zhi, W.L. and Bao, J.P., et al. (1991), Pilot study on the relationship between male stomach and liver cancer death and mutagenicity of drinking water in the Huangpu River area. Public Health Rev, 19 (1-4), 219-227.Abstract: A quasi-historical cohort study method was used to collect the data of male stomach and liver cancer death from 1984 to 1988 in male residents (> or = 30 years old) of three tap-water-drinking communities at the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Huangpu River. Total person-years observed are 184, 645. The result shows that the world standard population standardized cut-off mortalities (> or = 30 years old) of male stomach and liver cancer increase gradually from the upper to lower reaches. The mortalities from the upper to the lower reaches are 62.7, 86.2 and 146.0/100,000 person-years for male stomach cancer and 56.9, 67.7 and 81.3/100,000 person-years for male liver cancer, respectively. This trend is consistent with the change of the rate of positive Ames Test results of drinking water from the upper to lower reaches (0, 70, 100%). It suggests that a causal correlation may exist between the two. The distribution of other possible risk factors in the three communities is also described.? Elkana, Y., Gal, N. and Rishpon, S. (1996), Study of the association between waterborne diseases and microbial water quality in Israel. Public Health Rev, 24 (1), 49-63.Abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this project was to look for an association between microbial quality of drinking water and those gastrointestinal diseases that are known to be also waterborne. METHODS: For this purpose available databases of the Israeli Ministry of Health were used: (1) Registry of notifiable diseases and (2) microbial quality of drinking water. The association was examined by regressing incidence rates of salmonellosis, shigellosis, and hepatitis on three measures of microbial water quality and calculating the coefficient of determination (r2). Analysis was carried out for the years 1985-1992. RESULTS: Significant dependence of disease incidence on water quality was found for 1988 and, for hepatitis, also for 1989-92. This dependence is shown to be the result of the coincidence of high disease rate with high proportion of polluted water samples in two small subdistricts. CONCLUSIONS: The general lack of dependence of morbidity on water quality suggests that the water route contributes only slightly to these diseases in Israel. For a more meaningful analysis, a higher geographic resolution of morbidity reporting is recommended.Title: Public Health Service Publication(P. H. S.)Full Journal Title: Public Health Service PublicationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor Morris, J.C. and Weber, Jr., W.J. (1962), Preliminary appraisal of advanced waste treatment processes. Public Health Service Publication, W62-24, 1-36.Morris, J.C. and Weber, Jr., W.J. (1964), Adsorption of biochemically resistant materials from solution. 1. Public Health Service Publication, 999-WP-11, 1-74.? Williamson, J.N., Heit, A.H. and Calmon, C. (1964), Public Health Service Publication No. 999-WP-14. No. 12 in the Series of Advanced Waste Treatment Research Publications.Title: Public Relations ReviewFull Journal Title: Public Relations ReviewISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Xue, K. and Yu, M.Y. (2009), A content analysis of public relations literatures from 1999 to 2008 in China. Public Relations Review, 35 (3), 171-180.Full Text: 2009\Pub Rel Rev35, 171.pdfAbstract: This paper uses the content analysis method to review the research papers on public relations published in the past 10 years, concludes the current situation and trend of public relations research, and reveals the variations and laws of public relations research in China. In addition, this paper also compares the public relations literatures published in Mainland China with those in Taiwan, which benefits the understanding of the research situation and trend on public relations across the Strait. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Public Relations, Mainland China, Taiwan, Research Situation, Theoretical EvolutionTitle: Public Understanding of ScienceFull Journal Title: Public Understanding of ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0963-6625Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Pleasant, A., Good, J., Shanahan, J. and Cohen, B. (2002), The literature of environmental communication. Public Understanding of Science, 11 (2), 197-205.Abstract: This paper examines the growth and development of the literature of ‘environmental communication’ research. The paper collects citations of all papers matching specified keywords covering environmental communication topics in the social science journal literature from relevant indices. The indices used were: the Institute for Scientific Information’s (ISI) Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science), the ISI Arts and Humanities Citation Index (Web of Science) Communication Abstracts, PsycINFO, Anthropological Literature, Sociology Abstracts and Periodical Abstracts (Pro-Quest Direct). The. paper analyzes the collected citations for journal of publication, date, and frequency of publication by year, author, and keywords and topics. The paper shows what topics, of attention, what fields, and what journals have been interested in publishing environmental communication research, and some of the authors leading the way. In addition, basic topics of interest for environmental communication research are discerned. The literature review shows the need for a more centralized point of publication for environmental communication research.Title: Publications of the American Statistical AssociationFull Journal Title: Publications of the American Statistical AssociationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Lotka, A.J. (1919), The relation between birth rate and death rate in a normal population and the rational basis of an empirical formula for the mean length of life given by William Farr. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 16, 121-130.? Lotka, A.J. (1921), A simple graphic construction for Farr’s relation between birth-rate, deathrate, and mean length of life. Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association, 17, 998-1000.Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the PacificFull Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the PacificISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Abt, H.A. (1983), At what ages did outstanding American astronomers publish their most-cited papers. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 95 (564), 113-116.Full Text: 1983\Pub Ast Soc Pac95, 113.pdf? Rao, A.R. and Vahia, M.N. (1984), A comment on the authors ages for the most-cited papers. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 96 (582), 661-662.Full Text: 1984\Pub Ast Soc Pac96, 661.pdfKeywords: Authors? Trimble, V. (1986), A note on self-citation rates in astronomical papers. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 98 (610), 1347-1348.Full Text: 1986\Pub Ast Soc Pac98, 1347.pdf? Abt, H.A. (1992), What fraction of literature references are incorrect? Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 104 (673), 235-236.Full Text: 1992\Pub Ast Soc Pac104, 235.pdfAbstract: From a systematic study of 1009 references in The Astrophysical Journal it was found that 12.2% had errors. Only 0.4% of the referenced papers could not be found at all; another 3.0% were found by searching in volume, annual, and five-year indices and the remaining correctly and incorrectly referenced papers were found right away. Another 8.3% of the references have errors in the first authors’ names or in the journal names, and volume and page numbers such that they could be misplaced in the Science Citation Index (SCI). However, the compilers of SCI match all citations against a computerized file of the source papers and correct some of the citations, so that only 3.6% of the citations are missing or displaced in SCI.Keywords: Citation, Citations, Literature, Sci, Science Citation Index? Benn, C.R. and Sánchez, S.F. (2001), Scientific impact of large telescopes. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 113 (781), 385-396.Full Text: 2001\Pub Ast Soc Pac113, 385.pdfAbstract: The scientific impacts of telescopes worldwide have been compared on the basis of their contributions to (a) the 1000 most-cited astronomy papers published 1991-1998 (125 from each year) and (b) the 452 astronomy papers published in Nature during 1989-1998. Ground-based telescopes of the 1 and 2 m class account for approximate to 5% of the citations to the top-cited papers; 4 m telescopes, 10%; Keck I/II, 4%; submillimeter and radio telescopes, 4%; HST, 8%; and other space telescopes, 23%. The remaining citations are mainly to theoretical and review papers. The strong showing by 1 and 2 m telescopes in the 1990s augurs well for the continued scientific impact of 4 m telescopes in the era of 8 m telescopes. The impact of individual ground-based optical telescopes is proportional to collecting area (and approximately proportional to capital cost). The impacts of the various 4 m telescopes are similar, with the CFHT leading in citation counts and WHT in Nature papers. HST has about 15 times the citation impact of a 4 m ground-based telescope but costs more than 100 times as much. Citation counts are proportional to counts of papers published in Nature, but for radio telescopes the ratio is a factor of similar to3 smaller than for optical telescopes, highlighting the danger of using either metric alone to compare the impacts of different types of telescope. Breakdowns of citation counts by subject (52% extragalactic) and journal (ApJ 44%, Nature 11%, MNRAS 9%, A&A 6%) are also presented.Keywords: Astronomers, Citation, Citations, Growth, Journal, Optical Telescopes, Patterns, Star? Meylan, G., Madrid, J.P. and Macchetto, D. (2004), Hubble Space Telescope science metrics. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 116 (822), 790-796.Full Text: 2004\Pub Ast Soc Pac116, 790.pdfAbstract: Since its launch in 1990 April, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has produced an increasing flow of scientific results. The large number of refereed publications based on HST data permits a detailed evaluation of the effectiveness of this observatory and its scientific programs. This paper presents the results of selected science metrics related to paper counts, citation counts, citation history, high-impact papers, and the most productive programs and most cited papers through the end of 2003. All these indicators point toward the high-quality scientific impact of HST.Keywords: Citation, Evaluation, Paper, Publications? Frogel, J.A. (2010), Astronomy’s greatest hits: The 100 most cited papers in each year of the first decade of the 21st century (2000-2009). Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 122 (896), 1214-1235.Full Text: 2010\Pub Ast Soc Pac122, 1214.pdfAbstract: The first decade of the 21st century and the last few years of the 20th have been transformative for ground- and space-based observational astronomy due to new observing facilities, access to digital archives, and growth in use of the Internet for communication and dissemination of information and for access to the archives. How have these three factors affected the characteristics and content of papers published in refereed astronomical journals, as well as the journals themselves? In this and subsequent papers I will propose answers to this question. The analysis in this, the first paper of a series, is based on an examination of the 100 most cited papers in astronomy and astrophysics for each year between 2000 and 2009, inclusive, and supplemental data from 1995 and 1990. The main findings of this analysis are: Over the 10 yr period the total number of authors of the top-100 articles year(-1) has more than tripled. This increase is seen most strongly in papers with more than six authors. The number of unique authors in any given year has more than doubled. The yearly number of papers with five or fewer authors has declined over the same time period. Averaged over the 10 yr period the normalized number of authors per paper increases steadily with citation rank-the most highly cited papers tend to have the largest number of authors and vice versa. This increase is especially notable for papers ranked 1 through 20 in terms of number of citations and number of authors. The distribution of normalized citation counts versus ranking is remarkably constant from year to year and, except for the top-ranked half-dozen or so papers in each year, is very closely approximated by a power law. Nearly all of the papers that show the most divergence from the power-law fit-all in the sense of having a high number of citations-are based on the results of large observational surveys. Among the top-100 papers there is a small but significant correlation of paper length with citation rank. More striking, though, is that the average page length of the top-100 papers is one and a half times that for astronomy papers in general. For every year from 2000 to 2008, the same five journals account for 80 to 85% of the total citations for each year from all of the journals in the category of “Astronomy and Astrophysics” by ISI’s Journal Citation Reports. These numbers do not include Nature or Science. Averaged over the 10 yr time period studied in this article, these same five journals account for 77% of the 1000 most cited papers, slightly less than the journals’ fractional contribution to the total number of articles published by all journals. The five journals are A&A, AJ, ApJ, ApJS, and MNRAS. Two samples of the top-100 cited papers, both for the 6 yr from 2001 to 2006 but compiled 2.5 yr apart, show that a significant number of articles originally ranked in the top 100 for the year, drop out, and are replaced by other articles as time passes. Most of the dropouts address topics in extragalactic astronomy; their replacements for the most part deal with non-extra-galactic topics. Finally, some additional findings are noted that relate to the entire ensemble of astronomical journals published during the century’s first decade. Various indicators of Internet access to astronomical Web sites such as data archives and journal repositories show increases of between factors of 3 and 10 or more. I propose that there are close complementarities between the communication capabilities that Internet usage enables and the strong growth in numbers of authors of th most highly cited papers. Subsequent papers will examine this and other interpretations of the analysis presented here in detail.Keywords: Authors, Citation, Citation Counts, Citation Rates, Citations, Data Release, Digital Sky Survey, Facilities, Galaxies, Hubble-Space-Telescope, Impact Factor, Information, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Papers, Probe Wmap Observations, Productivity, X-RayTitle: Publishing JournalFull Journal Title: Publishing JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1009-5853Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Wang, J. and Fang, Q. (1974), Evaluation research on chinese biology journals based on SCI. Publishing Journal, 3 (15), 42-47.Full Text: 2007\Pub J3, 42.pdfAbstract: By using the bibliometric indicators, this article analyzes the grade of Chinese biology journals in the international society and proposes the countermeasures of improving their international competitiveness.Keywords: Science Citation Index Journal Evaluation Impact Factor Citation FrequencyTitle: Publishing Research QuarterlyFull Journal Title: Publishing Research QuarterlyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? ? Markusova, V., Gilyarevskii, R., Chernyi, A., Griffith, B.C. and Garvey, W.D. (1996), Impacts of “Perestroyka” and the FSU economic crisis upon communication in FSU science: A study of the life sciences (Reprinted from the proceedings of the 5th Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, June 1995). Publishing Research Quarterly, 12 (1), 51-63.Abstract: Surveys of scientists’ communication behaviors were carried out in a variety of institutions engaged in life science research within the former Soviet Union (FSU). The surveys followed the methodology developed by Garvey and Griffith and used in a variety of studies of information flows in various disciplines within the United States.(1) The outcome was a contemporary overview of communication practices which showed, as expected, the devastating effects of the current economic plight of the FSU. It also reveals contrasts between the academy-institute structure of the FSU and more entrepreneurial independent university structure of the West. An extremely important result was the discovery of the extent and ingenuity of cooperative relationships with western scientists to sustain continuing scientific work in the FSU. These were initiated under perestroyka and are now proving essential. The present findings are being used, as a practical matter, to guide and information VINITI policy in furnishing information services to the FSU.Keywords: Dissemination of Information, Economic Impacts on Science, Former Soviet Union, Information Services, Informetrics, Methodology, Perestroyka, Research, Russia, Science, Science Research, Sciences, Scientific Communication, Scientometrics, Use of Information SourcesTitle: Puerto Rico Health Sciences JournalFull Journal Title: Puerto Rico Health Sciences JournalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Calo, W.A., Suárez-Balseiro, C., Suárez, E., Soto-Salgado, M., Santiago-Rodríguez, E.J. and Ortiz, A.P. (2010), Assessing the scientific research productivity of Puerto Rican cancer researchers: Bibliometric analysis from the Science Citation Index. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 29 (3), 250-255.Full Text: 2010\Pue Ric Hea Sci J29, 250.pdfAbstract: Objective: The analysis of cancer scientific production in Puerto Rico is largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to characterize trends in cancer-related research publications by authors affiliated to Puerto Rican institutions in recent decades. Methods: Manuscripts were retrieved from the Science Citation Index (SCI) database from 1982 to 2009. Search criterions were that the author’s affiliation field contained some institution located in Puerto Rico and that the manuscripts were related to cancer research (according to keywords from the National Cancer Institute’ cancer definition). Indexes measured in our analysis included number and type of manuscript, scientific collaboration, author’s affiliation, and journal visibility. All the analyses were conducted using Pro Cite for bibliographic information management and STATA and SEER Joinpoint for the statistical inquiry. Results: From 1982-2009, cancer-related papers authored by scientists located in Puerto Rico came to 451. Over the last three decades the scientific production underwent significant growth (APC = 6.4%, p<0.05) with the highest peak between 2000 and 2009 (61.4% of all articles). Universities are the local institutional sector with the highest number of authors (81.4%), and the University of Puerto Rico is the most active center in this regard (68.5%). Forty-three percent of the manuscripts (n=195) were published in 20 journals from which 14 are observed to have high visibility when compared to similar thematic journals. Conclusions: Cancer-scientific production in Puerto Rico underwent constant growth during the last three decades. A complete understanding of citing, publishing, and collaboration patterns in Puerto Rico is critical to researchers, policy makers, and health-care professionals in order to make informed decisions about cancer research priorities. [PR Health Sci J 2010;3:250-255].Keywords: Authorship, Bibliometric Analysis, Brazil, Cancer Research, Citation, Collaboration, Cooperation, European-Union, Impact, Journals, Mortality, Patterns, Publications, Puerto Rico, Research, SCI, Science Citation Index, Universities, WorldTitle: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsFull Journal Title: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Franciosi, L.G., Page, C.P., Celli, B.R., Cazzola, M., Walker, M.J., Danhot, M., Rabe, K.F. and la Pasqua, O.E. (2006), Markers of disease severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 19 (3), 189-199.Abstract: Background and objectives: Diagnosis and assessment of treatment effect in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have relied primarily on the examination of a complex set of symptoms and the use of spirometry. However, these methods require long periods of assessment to determine whether patients show clinically relevant improvements after intervention. We therefore wanted to determine how existing clinical and laboratory measures change with COPD severity and identify disease markers that can serve as better endpoints for diagnosis and assessment of COPD progression and treatment effect. Methods: Using standard COPD keywords and terms, we searched PUBMED, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Review databases for retrospective and prospective clinical studies published since 1966. We identified 652 studies (n= 146,255) from 1978 to September 2003 based on the availability of spirometric and demographic data, investigation of possible markers, absence of acute exacerbations and comorbidities, and the withdrawal of standard COPD medication. Central tendencies and dispersions of subject baseline measures were collected according to study sample size, smoking status, and mild, moderate and severe COPD stages. A fixed effect meta-analysis was then conducted on each measure at various disease stages. Results: Arterial oxygen tension, Sputum neutrophils and IL-8, and serum TNF-alpha and C-Reactive Protein showed a trend toward separation between COPD stages. Other measures such as pack-years and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire only distinguished between disease and disease-free states. Conclusions: We observed little separation between disease stages for many measures used in CON) diagnosis and clinical trials. This demonstrates the poor sensitivity of such endpoints to define a patient’s clinical status and to quantity treatment effect. Therefore, we recommend that longitudinal studies and disease modelling be the primary methods for assessing whether potential markers of disease progression can be used for COPD diagnosis and clinical trials. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Air-Flow Obstruction, Assessment, Biological Marker, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Copd, Databases, Diagnosis, Disease, Disease Progression, Drug Development, Endpoints, Induced Sputum, Inflammatory Markers, Inhaled Budesonide, Intervention, ISI, Longitudinal Studies, Lung-Function, Mathematical Model, Medication, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Natural-History, Necrosis-Factor-Alpha, Primary, Progression, Pubmed, Review, Science, Sensitivity, Smoking, Surrogate End-Points, Symptoms, Treatment, Trend, Volume Curve, Web of ScienceTitle: Pure and Applied ChemistryFull Journal Title: Pure and Applied ChemistryISO Abbreviated Title: Pure Appl. Chem.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pure Appl ChemISSN: 0033-4545Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Blackwell Science LtdPublisher Address: PO Box 88, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0NE, Oxon, EnglandSubject Categories: Chemistry: Impact Factor 1.141, 35/121Feitknecht, W. and Schindler, P. (1963), Solubility constants of metal oxides, metal hydroxides and metal hydroxide salts in aqueous solution. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 6 (2), 130-199.Full Text: 1960-80\Pur App Che6, 130.pdf? Weber, Jr., W.J. (1974), Adsorption processes. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 37 (3), 375-392.Full Text: 1960-80\Pur App Che37, 375.pdfAbstract: Adsorption is a fundamental process in the physicochemical treatment of municipal wastewaters, a treatment which can economically meet today’s higher effluent standards and water reuse requirements. Activated carbon is the most effective adsorbent for this application. Expanded-bed contact systems permit most efficient use of granular carbon for waste treatment. The adsorption process is enhanced by in-situ partial regeneration effected by biological growth on the surfaces of the carbon. Physicochemical systems using adsorption with activated carbon consistently produce high levels of treatment and have a high degree of stability and reliability. Advantages over biological treatment systems include: lower land area requirements: lower sensitivity to diurnal flow and concentration variations and to toxic substances: potential for significant heavy metal removal; greater flexibility in design and operation; and, superior removal of organic wastes.? Dubinin, M.M. (1976), New experimental and theoretical investigations into kinetics of physical adsorption by microporous adsorbents. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 48 (4), 407-414.Full Text: 1960-80\Pur App Che48, 407.pdfAbstract: New experimental results on the kinetics of adsorption by microporous adsorbents are discussed. It is shown that the quasi-homogeneous model of a porous body is inapplicable for the description of the kinetics of adsorption by real microporous adsorbents. New theoretical equations of the kinetics of adsorption by adsorbents with a biporous structure and their application for analysis of experimental data are considered.? Sing, K.S.W., Everett, D.H., Haul, R.A.W., Moscou, L., Pierotti, R.A., Rouquerol, J. and Siemieniewska, T. (1985), Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 57 (4), 603-619.Full Text: 1985\Pur App Che57, 603.pdfSomusundurun, P., Shrolri, S. and Huung, L. (1998), Thermodynamics of adsorption of surfactants at solid-liquid interface. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 70 (3), 621-626.Full Text: P\Pur App Che70, 621.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of surfactants at interfaces is determined by a number of forces involving electrostatic attraction, covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic bonding and solvation and desolvation of various species. The extent and type of forces involved vary depending on the adsorbate and the adsorbent and also the composition and other characteristics of the solvent and dissolved components in it. The influence of such forces on the adsorption behavior is reviewed here from a thermodynamics point of view. Experimental results from micro calorimetric study of adsorbed layers of different surfactant systems at solid-liquid interface are also presented. It was found that the entropy effect was more pronounced for the adsorption of anionic-nonionic surfactant mixtures than for the anionic surfactant alone. I Iigh surface activity of the nonionics and its hydrophobic interaction with adsorbed anionic surfactants are considered to be the main mechanism for the marked entropy effect in mixture adsorption. Calorimetric investigations of the effect of the position of sulfonate and methyl groups on the aromatic ring of isomerically pure alkylxylene sulfonates on their adsorption at solidliquid interface showed the position of the sulfonate with respect to the alkyl chain to be more critical than that of the methyl groups in determining the adsorption behavior.? Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., de la Rosa, G. and Peralta-Videa, J.R. (2004), Use of phytofiltration technologies in the removal of heavy metals: A review. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 76 (4), 801-813.Full Text: 2004\Pur App Che74, 801.pdfAbstract: Biosorption is a relatively new process that has proven very promising in the removal of contaminants from aqueous effluents. Microorganisms as well as plant- and animal-derived materials have been used as biosorbents by many researchers. Biomaterial immobilization and chemical modification improves the adsorption capacity and stability of biosorbents. Biosorption experiments over Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Cr(III), and Ni(II) demonstrated that biomass Cu(II) adsorption ranged from 8.09 to 45.9 mg g-1 while Cd(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption ranged from 0.4 to 10. 8 mg g-1 and from 1.47 to 119 mg g-1 respectively. Mechanisms involved in the biosorption process include chemisorption, complexation, surface and pore adsorption-complexation, ion exchange, microprecipitation, hydroxide condensation onto the biosurface, and surface adsorption. Chemical modification and spectroscopic studies have shown that cellular components including carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfate, sulfhydryl, phosphate, amino, amide, imine, and imidazol moieties have metal binding properties and are therefore the functional groups in the biomass. Column studies using support matrices for biomass immobilization such as silica, agar, polyacrilamide, polysulfone, alginates, cellulase, and different cross-linking agents have been performed to improve the biomass adsorption capacity and reusability. In this review, the salient features of plant-derived materials are highlighted as potential phytofiltration sources in the recovery of toxic heavy and precious metals.Keywords: X-Ray-Absorption, Medicago-Sativa Alfalfa, Agricultural By-Products, Sphagnum Moss Peat, Aqueous-Solution, Humic Substances, Copper Adsorption, Binding-Sites, Immobilized Biomass, Au(III) BindingTitle: Pure and Applied GeophysicsFull Journal Title: Pure and Applied GeophysicsISO Abbreviated Title: Pure Appl. Geophys.JCR Abbreviated Title: Pure Appl GeophysISSN: 0033-4553Issues/Year: 7Journal Country/Territory: SwitzerlandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Birkhauser Verlag AGPublisher Address: Viadukstrasse 40-44, PO Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, SwitzerlandSubject Categories: Geochemistry & Geophysics: Impact Factor 0.757, 29/45 (2000)? Gonzalez, F.I., Satake, K., Boss, E.F. and Mofjeld, H.O. (1995), Edge wave and non-trapped modes of the 25 April 1992 Cape-Mendocino tsunami. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 144 (3-4), 409-426.Abstract: The 25 April 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquake generated a tsunami characterized by both coastal trapped edge wave and non-trapped tsunami modes that propagated north and south along the U.S. West Coast. Both observed and synthetic time series at Crescent City and North Spit are consistent with the zero-order edge wave mode solution for a semi-infinite sloping beach depth profile. Wave amplitudes at Crescent City were about twice that observed at North Spit, in spite of the fact that the source region was three times farther from Crescent City than North Spit. The largest observed amplitude was due to an edge wave which arrived almost three hours after the initial onset of the tsunami; since such waves are highly localized nearshore, this suggests that the enhanced responsiveness at Crescent City is at least partly due to local dynamic processes. Furthermore, the substantially delayed arrival of this wave, which was generated at the southern end of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, has significant implications for hazard mitigation efforts along the entire U.S. West Coast. Specifically, this study demonstrates that slow-moving but very energetic edge wave modes could be generated by future large tsunamigenic earthquakes in the CSZ, and that these might arrive unexpectedly at coastal communities several hours after the initial tsunami waves have subsided.Keywords: Tsunami, Edge Waves, Cape Mendocino, Cascadia Subduction Zone, Hazard Mitigation, Earthquakes, Generation, Subduction? Shi, S.Z., Dawson, A.G. and Smith, D.E. (1995), Coastal sedimentation associated with the December 12th, 1992 tsunami in Flores, Indonesia. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 144 (3-4), 525-536.Abstract: This paper presents the result of a detailed granulometric investigation of sediments deposited by a modern tsunami, the 1992 tsunami in Flores, Indonesia. Eyewitness accounts indicate that sediments were deposited upon coastal lowlands over wide areas as a result of the tsunami inundation. Distinctive vertical and lateral variations in particle size composition are characteristic features of the tsunami deposits and these are intimately related to sedimentary processes associated with flood inundation. The geomorphological and sedimentary evidence is used here to establish a preliminary model of tsunami sedimentation. This information is believed to be of great value in understanding sedimentary processes associated with tsunami flooding and in the interpretation of palaeo-tsunami deposits.Keywords: Tsunami, Coastal Sedimentation, Sorting Processes, Particle Size, Modal Population, Geomorphology, Sediment? Satake, K. and Tanioka, Y. (1995), Tsunami generation of the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 144 (3-4), 803-821.Abstract: Heterogeneous fault motion of the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki earthquake is studied by using seismic, geodetic and tsunami data, and the tsunami generation from the fault model is examined. Seismological analyses indicate that the focal mechanism of the first 10 s, when about a third of the total moment was released, is different from the overall focal mechanism. A joint inversion of geodetic data on Okushiri Island and the tide gauge records in Japan and Korea indicates that the largest slip, about 6 m, occurred in a small area just south of the epicenter. This corresponds to the initial rupture on a fault plane dipping shallowly to the west. The slip on the northernmost subfault, which is dipping to the east, is about 2 m, while the slips on the southern subfaults, which are steeply dipping to the west, are more than 3 m. Tsunami heights around Okushiri Island are calculated from the heterogeneous fault model using different grid sizes. Computation on the smaller grids produces larger tsunami heights that are closer to the observed tsunami runup heights. Tsunami propagation in the nearly closed Japan Sea is examined as the free oscillation of the Japan Sea. The excitation of the free oscillation by this earthquake is smaller than that by the 1964 Niigata or 1983 Japan Sea earthquake.Keywords: Tsunamis, 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake, Okushiri Island, Japan Sea, Inversion? Tanioka, Y., Satake, K. and Ruff, L. (1995), Analysis of seismological and tsunami data from the 1993 Guam earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 144 (3-4), 823-837.Abstract: The fault parameters of the Guam earthquake of August 8, 1993 are estimated from seismological analyses, and the possibility of identifying the actual fault plane from tsunami waveforms is tested. The Centroid Moment Tensor solution of long-period surface waves shows one nodal plane shallowly dipping to the north and the other nodal plane steeply dipping to the south. The seismic moment is 3.510(20) Nm and the corresponding moment magnitude is 7.7. The Moment Tensor Rate Function inversion of P waves also yields a similar focal mechanism and seismic moment. The point source depth is estimated as 40-50 km.This earthquake generated tsunamis that propagated toward the Japanese coast along the Izu-Bonin-Mariana ridge system. The tsunamis are recorded on ocean bottom pressure gauges and tide gauges. Numerical computation of tsunamis shows that the computed waveforms from the two possible fault planes match well with the observed tsunami waveforms. The numerical computation also shows that the tsunami waveforms at Guam Island, just above the fault, should contain useful information regarding the identification of the actual fault plane. However, the current sampling rate of the tide gauges is so small that the records cannot help the identification.Keywords: Tsunamis, The 1993 Guam Earthquake, Fault Plane, Mariana Earthquake, April 5, Subduction? Tsuji, Y., Imamura, F., Matsutomi, H., Synolakis, C.E., Nanang, P.T., Jumadi, Harada, S., Han, S.S., Arai, K. and Cook, B. (1995), Field survey of the East Java earthquake and tsunami of June 3, 1994. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 144 (3-4), 839-854.Abstract: A field survey of the June 3, 1994 East Java earthquake tsunami was conducted within three weeks, and the distributions of the seismic intensities, tsunami heights and human and house damages were surveyed. The seismic intensities on the south coasts of Java and Bali Islands were small for an earthquake with magnitude M 7.6. The earthquake caused no land damage. About 40 minutes after the main shock, a huge tsunami attacked the coasts, several villages in East Java Province were damaged severely, and 223 persons perished. At Pancer Village about 70 percent of the houses were swept away and 121 persons were killed by the tsunami. The relationship between tsunami heights and distances from the source shows that the Hatoris tsunami magnitude was m = 3, which seems to be larger for the earthquake magnitude. But we should not consider this an extraordinary event because it was pointed out by HATORI (1994) that the magnitudes of tsunamis in the Indonesia-Philippine region generally exceed 1-2 grade larger than those of other regions.Keywords: 1994 East Java Tsunami, Aftershock Areal Large Tsunami With Weak Shaking, House and Human Damage Due To The Tsunami, Relationship Between Earthquake and Tsunami Magnitude? Imamura, F., Synolakis, C.E., Gica, E., Titov, V., Listanco, E. and Lee, H.J. (1995), Field survey of the 1994 Mindoro Island, Philippines tsunami. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 144 (3-4), 875-890.Abstract: This is a report of the field survey of the November 15, 1994 Mindoro Island, Philippines, tsunami generated by an earthquake (M = 7.0) with a strike-slip motion. We will report runup heights from 54 locations on Luzon, Mindoro and other smaller islands in the Cape Verde passage between Mindoro and Luzon. Most of the damage was concentrated along the northern coast of Mindoro. Runup height distribution ranged 3-4 m at the most severely damaged areas and 2-4 in neighboring areas. The tsunami-affected area was limited to within 10 km of the epicenter. The largest recorded runup value of 7.3 m was measured on the southwestern coast of Baco Island while a runup of 6.1 m was detected on its northern coastline. The earthquake and tsunami killed 62 people, injured 248 and destroyed 800 houses. As observed in other recent tsunami disasters, most of the casualties were children. Nearly all eyewitnesses interviewed described the first wave as a leading-depression wave. Eyewitnesses reported that the main direction of tsunami propagation was SW in Subaang Bay, SE in Wawa and Calapan, NE on Baco Island and N on Verde Island, suggesting that the tsunami source area was in the southern Pass of Verde Island and that the wave propagated rapidly in ail directions. The fault plane extended offshore to the N of Mindoro Island with its rupture originating S of Verde Island and propagating almost directly south to the inland of Mindoro, thereby accounting for the relatively limited damage area observed on the N of Mindoro.Keywords: Earthquake, Tsunami, Runup, Mindoro Island, Philippines, Lateral Strike Slip, Held Survey, N Wave?ncel, A.O., Koral, H. and Alptekin, ?. (1998), The Dinar earthquake (MW = 6.2; October 1, 1995; Afyon-Turkey) and earthquake hazard of the Dinar-?ivril fault. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 152 (1), 91-105.Abstract: A moderately strong earthquake (Mw, = 6.2) occurred in the town of Dinar at 17.57 UT on October 1, 1995, taking the lives of 90 people and damaging about 4500 buildings. Its epicenter is located near the Dinar-Civril fault and its focal mechanism is linked to a northeast-southwesterly tensional stress field arising from the interaction between the subducting African plate and the overriding Aegean-Anatolian plate in the eastern Mediterranean. Surface cracks of the October 1 earthquake have been observed 10 km continuously along the Dinar-?ivril fault. The cracks have displayed a mode of dip-slip; however, some have also indicated lateral sliThe different modes of slip are generally in agreement with the fault plane solution and are indicators of the complex nature of the rupture process. In investigating the earthquake hazard of the Dinar-?ivril fault and proximity, the maximum likelihood method was used to estimate seismic hazard parameters of b-value, seismicity activity rate lambda (m) and the expected maximum magnitude M-max. The data consisted of the historical data covering the period between 1800-1900 and instrumental data between 1900 and 1992. This method, allowing use of the mixed earthquake catalogue containing both historical and instrumental earthquake data, yielded values of 0.70, 1.92 and 7.14 for b, lambda (m) and Mmax, respectively. The recurrence time estimated for an earthquake of a magnitude of Mw = 6.2 is 123 years. The non-occurrence probabilities of such an earthquake in 1 and 50 years are 0.21 and 0.04, respectively.Keywords: Surface Cracks, Earthquake Hazard Parameters, South-Western AnatoliaMelis, N.S. and Tselentis, G.A. (1998), 3-D P-wave velocity structure in western Greece determined from tomography using earthquake data recorded at the University of Patras Seismic Network (PATNET). Pure and Applied Geophysics, 152 (2), 329-348.Abstract: The 3-D P-wave velocity structure of the upper crust in the region of western Greece is investigated by inversion of about 1500 residuals of P-wave arrival times from local earthquake data recorded in the year 1996 by the newly established University of Patras Seismic Network (PATNET). The resulting velocity structure shows strong horizontal variations due to the complicated structure and the variation of crustal thickness. Relatively low-velocity contours are observed in the area defined by Cephallonia-Zakynthos Islands and northwestern Peloponnesos. This is in addition to some well localized peaks of relatively higher values of P-wave velocity may be related to the zone of Triassic evaporites in the region and correspond to diapirism that breaks through to the uppermost layer. Finally, a low P-velocity ‘deeping’ zone extending from Zakynthos to the Gulf of Patras is correlated with Bouguer anomaly map and onshore and offshore borehole drillings which indicate that thick sediments overly the evaporites which exist there at depth greater than 2 km.Yoshioka, S. and Tokunaga, Y.O. (1998), Numerical simulation of displacement and stress fields associated with the 1993 Kushiro-oki, Japan, earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 152 (3), 443-464.Abstract: We constructed a three-dimensional finite element model to simulate coseismic and postseismic displacement and stress fields associated with the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake, which was a very large intermediate-depth earthquake that occurred within the subducted Pacific plate at a depth of 107 km beneath the southeastern part of Hokkaido, Japan. Taking the configuration of the subducted Pacific plate into account, we constructed a realistic model with lateral heterogeneity of viscoelastic structure. We assigned a variable slip distribution to the fault plane, which was obtained from inversion analysis of near-field seismic waveforms. The result shows that elastic deformation associated with the faulting reflects the assigned inhomogeneous slip distribution on the fault plane near the fault region, while it does not reflect the distribution on the free surface of the model. The calculated postseismic deformation does not reflect the slip distribution, but shows symmetric spatial patterns concerning the dipping direction of the fault both near the fault region and on the model surface. For the next 20 years following the earthquake, the amount of the calculated deformation is a fraction of the coseismic deformation. The calculated coeseismic deformation is large just above and below the fault plane, reaching I m, while the postseismic deformation is dominant near the upper and lower material boundaries between the subducted plate and the surrounding asthenosphere. The spatial distribution of maximum shear stress near the fault plane corresponds to the assigned slip distribution, amounting to 32 MPa. The directions of principal stress-change axes represent reverse fault type in the SSE region of the fault, whereas normal fault type is dominant in the NNW region with the exception of some asymmetrical spatial patterns of the principal stress-change axes on the fault due to the inhomogeneous slip distribution. Time variations both in the amount and the directions of stresses are minor, suggesting that the coseismic state of the stress would remain unchanged for two decades after the event.Keywords: Kushiro-Oki Earthquake, Viscoelastic, 3-D Fem, Displacement and Stress Fields, Coseismic, Postseismic, Intermediate-Depth Earthquakes, Deformation, Hokkaido, Model, Fault, Beneath, Strain, Zone, Arc? Grosser, H., Baumbach, M., Berckhemer, H., Baier, B., Karahan, A., Schelle, H., Kruger, F., Paulat, A., Michel, G., Demirtas, R., Gencoglu, S. and Yilmaz, R. (1998), The Erzincan (Turkey) earthquake (Ms 6.8) of March 13, 992 and its aftershock sequence. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 152 (3), 465-505.Abstract: The Erzincan strike-slip earthquake of March 13, 992 ruptured a section of the North Anatolian fault (NAF) at the northern margin of the Erzincan basin. The focal depth of about IO km was less than given by ISC and NEIC. Erzincan and the surrounding villages were considerably damaged. In the Erzincan basin and in the neighbouring mountains a seismic network of ten stations was installed. It was operating continuously from March 21 through June 16, 1992. More than 3,000 aftershocks were recorded of which 505 could be located. The spectral parameters of 394 and the fault-plane solutions of 53 aftershocks were determined. For the given region the frequency dependent coda Q was derived as Q (c) = 122 f (0.68). The aftershock area increased with time, reflecting the process of stress redistribution. Some events clustered in the immediate vicinity of the town of Erzincan close to the epicentre of the main event and seem to trace the NAF. Their source mechanism is similar to that of the main event (strike slip). About 150 aftershocks clustered in the southeastern part of the Erzincan basin where a concentration of the events in a small volume of 5×5×3 km3 was observed. The majority of fault-plane solutions available for these aftershocks showed a normal faulting mechanism with an east-west directed extension. Most of the aftershocks southeast of the basin clustered between two lineaments that were mapped by satellite images. The P-wave velocity below the Erzincan basin, derived from travel-time residual analysis, is lower compared to areas NE and SW of the basin. Three-dimensional stress modelling of the Erzincan region qualitatively explains the occurrence of the aftershocks southeast of the basin. The calculated displacement distribution which exhibits the north-westward motion of the basin and tension at its southeastern margin, caused by the Erzincan earthquake, is in agreement with derived fault-plane solutions.? Bourgeois, J., Petroff, C., Yeh, H., Titov, V., Synolakis, C.E., Benson, B., Kuroiwa, J., Lander, J. and Norabuena, E. (1999), Geologic setting, field survey and modeling of the Chimbote, northern Peru, tsunami of 21 February 1996. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 154 (3-4), 513-540.Abstract: Whereas the coast of Peru south of 10 degrees S is historically accustomed to tsunamigenic earthquakes, the subduction zone north of 10 degrees S has been relatively quiet. On 21 February 1996 at 21:51 GMT (07:51 local time) a large, tsunamigenic earthquake (Harvard estimate M-w = 7.5) struck at 9.6 degrees S, 79.6 degrees W, approximately 130 km off the northern coast of Peru, north of the intersection of the Mendana fracture zone with the Peru-Chile trench. The likely mechanism inferred from seismic data is a low-angle thrust consistent with subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American plate, with relatively slow rupture characteristics. Approximately one hour after the main shock, a damaging tsunami reached the Peruvian coast, resulting in twelve deaths. We report survey measurements, from 7.7 degrees S to 11 degrees S, on maximum runup (2-5 m, between 8 and 10 degrees S), maximum inundation distances, which exceeded 500 m, and tsunami sediment deposition patterns. Observations and numerical simulations show that the hydrodynamic characteristics of this event resemble those of the 1992 Nicaragua tsunami. Differences in climate, vegetation and population make these two tsunamis seem more different than they were.This 1996 Chimbote event was the first large (M-w > 7) subduction-zone (interplate) earthquake between about 8 and 10 degrees S, in Peru, since the 17th century, and bears resemblance to the 1960 (M-w 7.6) event at 6.8 degrees S. Together these two events are apparently the only large subduction-zone earthquakes in northern Peru since 1619 (est. latitude 8 degrees S, est. M-w 7.8); these two tsunamis also each produced more fatalities than any other tsunami in Peru since the 18th century. We concur with PELAYO and WIENS (1990, 1992) that this subduction zone, in northern Peru, resembles others where the subduction zone is only weakly coupled, and convergence is largely aseismic. Subduction-zone earthquakes, when they occur, are slow, commonly shallow, and originate far from shore (near the tip of the wedge). Thus they are weakly felt, and the ensuing tsunamis are unanticipated by local populations. Although perhaps a borderline case, the Chimbote tsunami clearly is another wake-up example of a ‘tsunami earthquake. ‘Keywords: Tsunami, Subduction Zone, Seismicity, Peru Seismicity, Tsunami Earthquake, Tsunami Sediments, Tsunami Modeling, Peru Geology, Plate Beneath Peru, Great Earthquakes, Subduction, Size, History, Andes, Ridge, CoastYamaoka, K., Ooida, T. and Ueda, Y. (1999), Detailed distribution of accelerating foreshocks before a M 5.1 earthquake in Japan. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 155 (2-4), 335-353.Abstract: The M 5.1 event (May 23, 1993) which occurred in one of the most active swarm areas of Japan was preceded by foreshock activity. We obtained precise hypocenters of the foreshock-main-shock-aftershock sequences with a temporary seismic network installed just above the source region twenty days before the mainshock. The foreshocks are very unique in their accelerating activity. the acceleration in the number of foreshocks enabled us to estimate the time of the mainshock with time-to-failure analysis proposed by VOIGHT (1988). Although substantial snow remained in the swarm area, we quickly installed the network because the time-to-failure analysis disclosed that the mainshock was impending. The temporary network provided detailed information on both the temporal and spatial distribution of the foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequences. Foreshocks started fifty days before the mainshock and were distributed linearly at the base of the seismogenic layer with a length of 5 km and horizontal and vertical widths of about 1 km. The temporal change of the number of foreshocks is approximated by a power law, and the time of the mainshock can be estimated by extrapolating plots of the inverse of the daily number of events. An area of seismic quiescence appeared 40 hours before the mainshock and propagated with a rate of 20 m/hour. The mainshock occurred 2 km westward from the primary foreshock area. It was located at the base of the aftershock region. This process can be interpreted as source nucleation; preslip on the fault prior to the mainshock.Keywords: Time-to-Failure Analysis, Seismicity, Temporal Variation, Nagano Prefecture Earthquake, Nucleation, Region, Faults, Model, SlipTitle: QJM-An International Journal of MedicineFull Journal Title: QJM-An International Journal of MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Dundar, Y., Hill, R., Dickson, R. and Walley, T. (2003), Comparative efficacy of thrombolytics in acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review. QJM-An International Journal of Medicine, 96 (2), 103-113.Abstract: Background: The comparative clinical effectiveness of new (reteplase, tenecteplase) vs. older (alteplase, streptokinase) thrombolytic agents in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is uncertain. Aim: To examine 30-35 day mortality and major adverse effects of thrombolytic agents in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing the clinical efficacy of included drug regimens. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index/Web of Science from 1980 to December 2001, and the Cochrane Library (2001, Issue 4). Reference lists of included studies and a number of medical journals were hand searched. Randomized controlled trials that compared any two of the included drugs provided to patients in the early stages of acute myocardial infarction, were included. Outcome measures included: mortality, bleeding, stroke, reinfarction, allergy and anaphylaxis. Results: We found 14 studies, total study population 142 907. For available comparisons (all alteplase vs. streptokinase, reteplase vs. streptokinase or alteplase, tenecteplase vs. alteplase), meta-analysis showed no significant differences in mortality at 30-35 days. The GUSTO-I study showed an apparent benefit of accelerated alteplase over streptokinase, but its inclusion or exclusion made little difference. Total stroke and haemorrhagic stroke rates were lower for streptokinase than for all alteplase combined (total stroke, OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.13-1.46; haemorrhagic stroke OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.14-2.93). Discussion: All thrombolytic drugs appear to be of similar efficacy in reducing mortality, and the apparent benefits of accelerated alteplase in GUSTO-I are consistent with this. Whether accelerated alteplase is sufficiently different from other regimens of administering alteplase to be excluded from a meta-analysis, and whether more weight should be placed on a meta-analysis than on a single trial, are matters for debate.Keywords: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Adverse Effects, Allergy, Alteplase, Anaphylaxis, Citation, Clinical Effectiveness, Cochrane, Drug, Drugs, Effectiveness, Efficacy, Embase, Fibrinolytic Therapy, Hand, Heparin, Intravenous Streptokinase, Journals, Left-Ventricular Function, Magnesium, Medical, Medical Journals, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Metaanalysis, Methods, Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Trial, Reteplase, Review, Science, Stroke, Systematic, Systematic Review, Tissue-Plasminogen-Activator, Treatment? Goodacre, S., Sampson, F.C., Sutton, A.J., Mason, S. and Morris, F. (2005), Variation in the diagnostic performance of D-dimer for suspected deep vein thrombosis. QJM-An International Journal of Medicine, 98 (7), 513-527.Abstract: Background: Numerous studies have evaluated the accuracy of D-dimer in diagnosing suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but results are conflicting. Aim: To overview estimates of the diagnostic accuracy of D-dimer and identify causes of variation. Design: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Database of Reviews of Effectiveness, the ACP Journal Club, citation lists, and contacted manufacturers. We selected studies that compared D-dimer to a reference standard in patients with suspected DVT. Data were analysed by random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results: We included 97 studies reporting 198 assays in 99 different patient groups. Overall estimated sensitivity and specificity of D-dimer were 90.5% and 54.7%, but both estimates were subject to significant heterogeneity (p < 0.001). Meta-regression identified that some heterogeneity was explained by study setting, exclusion criteria, whether recruitment was consecutive or the study prospective, whether D-dimer and the reference standard were measured blind, and whether the D-dimer threshold was determined a priori. Sensitivity and specificity also varied between ELISA (94% and 45% respectively), latex (89% and 55%) and whole blood agglutination assays (87% and 68%). Sensitivity was higher for proximal than distal DVT. Specificity was dependent upon whether clinical probability of DVT was high (specificity 51%), intermediate (67%) or low (78%). Discussion: D-dimer has good sensitivity, but poor specificity, for DVT. Estimates are subject to substantial heterogeneity from various sources. D-dimer specificity appears to be strongly dependent upon the pre-test clinical probability of DVT.Keywords: Accuracy, Acute Venous Thrombosis, Antithrombin-Iii-Complex, Blood, C-Reactive Protein, Citation, Cochrane, D-Dimer, Database, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Effectiveness, Elective Hip-Replacement, Embase, Fibrin Degradation Products, Journal, Latex D-Dimer, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Overview, Plasma D-Dimer, Quantitative D-Dimer, Rapid D-Dimer, Recruitment, Review, Science, Sensitivity, Sensitivity And Specificity, Simplired D-Dimer, Specificity, Systematic, Systematic Review, Thrombosis, Web of ScienceTitle: QSAR & Combinatorial ScienceFull Journal Title: QSAR & Combinatorial ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Willett, P. (2009), A bibliometric study of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships and QSAR & Combinatorial Science. QSAR & Combinatorial Science, 28 (11-12), 1231-1236.Full Text: QSA Com Sci28, 1231.pdfAbstract: This paper reviews the articles published in Volumes 4-27 of the journals Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships and of QSAR & Combinatorial Science, focusing on the articles published in the journals, citations to those articles, the most productive authors and countries, and the relationship of the journals to the more general chemical literature.Keywords: Articles, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, China, Citation Analysis, Citations, History, Journals, Publications, Web of Knowledge DatabaseTitle: Quaderni Dell Ingegnere Chimico ItalianoFull Journal Title: Quaderni Dell Ingegnere Chimico ItalianoISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Quad Ing Chim ItalISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Desantis, R., Manca, A. and Tola, G. (1974), Adsorption-kinetics of n-paraffins in liquid-phase by fixed- beds of molecular-sieves. Quaderni Dell Ingegnere Chimico Italiano, 10 (9), 139-143.Title: Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura ClassicaFull Journal Title: Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura ClassicaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Novokhatko, A.A. (2010), On the use of the terminology of literary borrowing in macrobius. Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica, 95 (2), 29-41.Abstract: The focus of this paper is the tension engendered in the thought processes of Macrobius and his contemporaries by the coexistence of two diverging ways of viewing plagiarism (one epic-Platonic and the other Roman juridical). The paper will also examine the tools Macrobius employed in order to attempt a reconciliation. The paper therefore focuses on developments in rhetorical terminology at the beginning of the 5(th) century AD as a result of the admixture of traditional terminology and contemporary innovation.Keywords: Innovation, PlagiarismTitle: QuaerendoFull Journal Title: QuaerendoISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0014-9527Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Heijting, W. (1999), Success in numbers: A bibliometric analysis of the publications of Gheraert Leeu. Quaerendo, 29 (4), 275-??.Title: Quality of Life ResearchFull Journal Title: Quality of Life ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Qual. Life Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Qual Life ResISSN: 0962-9343Issues/Year: 8Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Kluwer Academic PublPublisher Address: Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Health Care Sciences & Services: Impact FactorPublic, Environmental & Occupational Health: Impact Factor 3.017, 6/85? Herrman, H., Metelko, Z., Szabo, S., Rajkumar, S., Kumar, S., Vanheck, G., Devries, J., Sucre, A., Kabanov, Lomachenkov, Burkovsky, Sukwatana, S., Meesapya, K., Skevington, S., Patrick, D., Martin, M., Mutambirwa, J., Sartorius, N., Orley, J. and Kuyken, W. (1993), Study protocol for the world-health-organization project to develop a quality-of-life assessment instrument (whoqol). Quality of Life Research, 2 (2), 153-159.Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) has undertaken a project to develop an instrument (the WHOQOL) for measuring quality of life. Quality of life is defined as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person’s physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, and their relationship tc salient features of their environment. The instrument will be developed in the framework of a collaborative project involving numerous centres in different cultural settings. In addition, it will have proven psychometric properties of validity, responsiveness and reliability and will be sensitive to the cultural setting in which it is applied, whilst maintaining comparability of scores across different cultural settings. This paper outlines the characteristics of the planned instrument and the study protocol governing work on its development. To date steps 1 through 5 have been completed and work is progressing on step 6. It is anticipated that the instrument will be available for piloting in July 1993 and a final version available for use in June 1994.Keywords: WHO, Quality of Life Assessment Instrument? Welsh, J.A., Buchsbaum, D.G. and Kaplan, C.B. (1993), Quality-of-life of alcoholics and non-alcoholics: Does excessive drinking make a difference in the urban setting. Quality of Life Research, 2 (5), 335-340.Abstract: The current study assessed whether perceived quality of life differed between alcoholics and non-alcoholics. Patients attending an urban-based hospital were screened for alcoholism using the CAGE questionnaire. Patients were recruited from an out-patient clinic setting as well as from an in-patient substance abuse unit. Quality of life scores were based on Chubon’s (1987) Life Situation Survey. Results indicated that alcoholics experience a lower quality of life than their non-alcoholic counterparts regardless of setting; however, all patients reported experiencing poor life quality. The impact of alcoholism treatment programmes on patients already experiencing low quality of life is questioned.Keywords: Health-Status, Abusers, Alcoholism, Life Satisfaction, Quality of Life? Whynes, D.K, Neilson, A.R, Robinson, M.H.E. and Hardcastle, J.D. (1994), Colorectal-cancer screening and quality-of-life. Quality of Life Research, 3 (3), 191-198.Abstract: To evaluate the quality of life of patients following surgery for colorectal cancer, and to compare the quality of life between patients whose cancer was detected as a result of faecal occult blood screening with that of patients whose cancer presented symptomatically, an analysis was conducted within the context of the randomized controlled trial of colorectal cancer screening, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK. A total of 418 survivors of the trial’s test and control groups and 33 randomly selected cancer patients completed quality of life questionnaires (Nottingham Health Profile and Health Measurement Questionnaire). The mode of entry to diagnosis and treatment (screening vs. non-screening) appeared to exert no major impact on post-intervention quality of life. The stage of cancer progression was not closely related to outcome life quality. A quality of life coefficient for surviving patients based on the Rosser classification was estimated to lie within the range 0.948-0.981. This figure accords well with the estimates of other studies of interventions in populations of similar age. Overall, there are no grounds for believing that faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer per se significantly influences patients’ post-intervention quality of life.Keywords: Controlled Trial, Costs, Impact, Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Randomized Controlled Trial, Quality of Life? Blackford, S., Roberts, D., Salek, M.S. and Finlay, A. (1996), Basal cell carcinomas cause little handicap. Quality of Life Research, 5 (2), 191-194.Abstract: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer and the incidence of BCC is expected to rise, with increased demand on dermatology resources. Little is known of the effect on people’s lives of having skin cancer. The aim of this study was to quantify the handicap caused by basal cell carcinomas before and after therapy. Forty-four patients (22 males, mean age = 65 yrs, range = 35-81 yrs) with 48 BCCs were recruited and 37 patients completed the study. Each patient completed the UK Sickness Impact Profile (UKSIP) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at the initial visit to the dermatology clinic, 1 week after treatment and 3 months after treatment. Lesions had been present for a mean of 25 months (range = 1-240 months), their mean diameter was 9.6mm (range = 3-35mm) and the sites were head and neck (79%), trunk (17%) and limbs (4%). There was no relationship between the quality of life score and size of lesion. Overall the scores at presentation were very low, rising 1 week after treatment and falling to below the initial scores at 3 months (mean UKSIP 0.4%, 0.7%, 0.13%; mean DLQI 5.3% 8.7%, 1.2%). BCCs cause little handicap. This may explain the delay in seeking medical attention and should be considered in planning public health education about BCCs.Keywords: Quality-Of-Life, Disability Index, Impact, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Dermatology Life Quality Index, Quality of Life, UK Sickness Impact Profile? Hutter, B.O. and Gilsbach, J.M. (1997), The Aachen Life Quality Inventory (ALQI): The modified German version of the sickness impact profile for the assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with brain damage. Quality of Life Research, 6 (7-8), 164.French, D.J., Carroll, A. and Christie, M.J. (1998), Health-related quality of life in Australian children with asthma: Lessons for the cross-cultural use of quality of life instruments. Quality of Life Research, 7 (5), 409-419.Full Text: 1998\Qua Lif Res7, 409.pdfAbstract: The development of Australian forms of the Childhood Asthma Questionnaires (CAQs) is reported. Focus group methods and psychometric analyses were used to establish the conceptual, semantic and technical equivalence of these forms with the UK versions. Both versions also provide for data collection from non-asthmatic youngsters. The internal consistency was found to be acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha 0.52-0.90) and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores were found to vary with asthma severity (p < 0.05). Comparison with the UK data revealed that the non-asthmatic scores were higher for Australian than British children (p < 0.001) but that the scores for children with asthma did not differ between the two countries. It was only In the Australian sample that the group with asthma reported impaired HRQoL when compared to their healthy peers. These findings were interpreted in the context of cultural expectations of life quality and conclusions are presented regarding the importance of the gap between experience and expectations. The difficulties raised by the developmental and cultural issues inherent in paediatric HRQoL research were discussed. Qual. Life Res. 7: 409-419 (C) 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers.Keywords: Of-Life, Childhood Asthma, Questionnaires, Disease, Parents, Asthma, Children, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Cross-Cultural ResearchTitle: Quality Management in Higher Education, ProceedingsFull Journal Title: Quality Management in Higher Education, ProceedingsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: IDS Number: BIK04ISBN: 978-973-730-496-4ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Apetroae, M., Munteanu, M., Munteanu, R.A. and Iudean, D. (2008), The citation dynamics of Romanian scientific papers between 2001-2005. Quality Management in Higher Education, Proceedings, 315-320.Abstract: The authors of the present paper conducted a statistical study, covering the period between 2001-2005, on the citation dynamics of Romanian scientific publications, as reflected in the databases used by ISI Web of Science platform (the Science Citation Index Expanded 1981-2006, respectively). The instruments of analysis were those offered by ISI Web of Science (citation reports and advanced search criteria such as author name. source, institution, publication year, country, author address, language of publication, document type, scientific subject category), taking into consideration only statistics containing at least 2 cites. The analysis was focused mainly on the distribution by scientific subject category of both papers and cites. From the data presented it results that the core of Romanian scientific activities in the above-mentioned period was situated in in the subject categories “Chemistry”, “Physics” and “Materials Science”. At least for short- and medium-term purposes, the authors judge as beneficient the use of indicators such as OCI (objective citation index) and VI (visibility index) in analyses of the present kind because they can bring (beside the Hirsch index or other bibliometric indicators such as the impact factors) specific information regarding the international visibility and impact of Romanian scientific research.Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Country, Criteria, Data, Databases, Distribution, Dynamics, Hirsch, Hirsch Index, Impact, Impact Factors, Index, Indicators, Information, International, ISI, ISI Web of Science, Language, Papers, Publication, Publications, Research, Science Citation Index, Scientific Publications, Scientific Research, Source, Statistics, Visibility, Web of ScienceTitle: Quality & QuantityFull Journal Title: Quality & QuantityISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Benders, J., Nijholt, J. and Heusinkveld, S. (2007), Using print media indicators in management fashion research. Quality & Quantity, 41 (6), 815-829.Full Text: 2007\Qua Qua41, 815.pdfAbstract: Quantitative empirical research into ‘management fashions’ or ‘organization concepts’ is dominated by studies using print media indicators (PMI). Such research builds on the simple premise that the number of publications on an organization concept in the course of time reflects managerial interest in this concept. However, whilst PMI may be fruitfully used to study management fashions, this use is less straightforward than appears commonly assumed. We aim to fulfil the need for a methodological paper discussing the possibilities and limitations of using PMI. Thereby we draw on insights from bibliometrics and management fashion research, including our own ongoing research.Keywords: Bibliographic Method, Bibliometrics, Coverage, Indicators, Management, Management Fashions, Organization Concepts, Publications, Reception, Research? Guilera, G., Gomez-Benito, J. and Hidalgo, M.D. (2010), Citation analysis in research on differential item functioning. Quality & Quantity, 44 (6), 1249-1255.Full Text: 2010\Qua Qua44, 1249.pdfAbstract: This paper offers a first approach to the study of citing behaviour in the literature on differential item functioning (DIF) and provides new information about the main characteristics that define that behaviour. With a focus on articles listed in the Web of Science for the period 1975-2000, the present research considers the number of self-citations included in each paper with respect to other bibliometric indicators such as year of publication, the number of signatories to a paper, author’s country of origin and the journal in which it was published. In general terms it can be concluded that in studies of DIF the mean percentage of self-citations is around 11%, this figure remaining stable over time; there is a positive correlation between the number of signatories to an article and the number of self-citations. This paper has offered a first approach to the study of citing behaviour in the literature on DIF.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Differential Item Functioning, Citation Analysis, Self-Citation, Author Self-Citations, Communication? Franceschini, F. and Maisano, D. (2012), Quality & Quantity journal: A bibliometric snapshot. Quality & Quantity, 46 (2), 573-580.Full Text: 2012\Qua Qua46, 573.pdfAbstract: This article analyzes the Quality & Quantity journal from the point of view of some bibliometric indicators: the Hirsch (h) and the g-index for journals, the total number of citations, the h- and the g-spectrum. Journal time evolution is also studied and discussed in detail. As a final point, an interesting issue about how to objectively evaluate the journal popularity in the professional world-rather than the scientific/academic-is presented and left open.Keywords: “Professionalmetrics”, Academics, As, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Citations, Evolution, g Index, g-Index, Hirsch Index, Hirsch Spectrum, Index, Indicators, Journal, Journal Authors, Journals, Professional, Professionals, Quality, QuantityTitle: Quality and Reliability Engineering InternationalFull Journal Title: Quality and Reliability Engineering InternationalISO Abbrev. Title: Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int.JCR Abbrev. Title: Qual Reliab Eng IntISSN: 0748-8017Issues/Year: 6Language: EnglishJournal Country/Territory: EnglandPublisher: John Wiley & Sons LtdPublisher Address: The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester PO19 8SQ, W Sussex, EnglandSubject Categories:Engineering, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 1.030, 29/79 (2009)Engineering, Industrial: Impact Factor 1.030, 20/37 (2009)Operations Research & Management Science: Impact Factor 1.030, 34/73 (2009)? Franceschini, F. and Maisano, D.A. (2009), The Hirsch Index in manufacturing and quality engineering. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 25 (8), 987-995.Full Text: 2009\Qua Rel Eng Int25, 987.pdfAbstract: The Hirsch index (h) is a recent bibliometric indicator for assessing the research output of scientists. Its most remarkable characteristics are immediate intuitive, meaning, effective synthesis and easy calculation. With few modifications, the use of this indicator can be profitably extended to other fields beyond bibliometrics. The main novelty of the paper is to suggest some potential applications in manufacturing and Quality engineering, focussing the attention on the It capacity to aggregate and synthesize the most commonly used metrics in these areas. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Capacity, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Manufacturing, Metrics, Performance Evaluation, Quality Engineering, Research, Research Output, Synthesis Indicator? Franceschini, F. and Maisano, D. (2010), A survey of quality engineering-management journals by bibliometric indicators. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 26 (6), 593-604.Full Text: 2010\Qua Rel Eng Int26, 593.pdfAbstract: This paper analyses some of the most popular scientific journals in the Quality field from the point of view of three bibliometric indicators: the Hirsch (h) index for journals, the total number of citations and the h-spectrum. In particular, h-spectrum is a novel tool based on h, making it possible to (i) identify a reference profile of the typical authors of a journal; (II) compare different journals; and (iii) provide a rough indication of their ‘bibliometric positioning’ in the scientific community. Results of this analysis can be helpful for guiding potential authors and members of the scientific community in the Quality Engineering/Management area. A large amount of empirical data are presented and discussed. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Citations, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Hirsch Spectrum, Hirsch-Index, Impact, Journal Authors, Journals, Quality, Quality Engineering, Management Journal? Franceschini, F. and Maisano, D. (2011), Influence of database mistakes on journal citation analysis: Remarks on the paper by franceschini and maisano, QREI (2010). Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 27 (7), 969-976.Full Text: 2011\Qua Rel Eng Int27, 969.pdfAbstract: This short note contains some remarks on a recent bibliometric survey about some of the major scientific journals in the field of Quality Engineering/Management (Qual. Reliab. Engng. Int. 2010; 26(6): 593-604). In particular, thanks to Professor Woodall’s precious indication, it has been freshly noticed that some results in the original work are biased by mistakes in the bibliometric databases (in this case Google Scholar). After a careful examination and correction of biased data, a synthetic analysis of the typical mistakes of bibliometric databases is presented, focussing the attention on the importance of using robust bibliometric indicators. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Analysis, Attention, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citation Analysis, Copyright, Database, Database Mistake, Databases, False Reference, Google Scholar, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Indication, Influence, Journal, Journals, Quality, Robust Indicator, Scientific Journals, SurveyTitle: Quality & Safety in Health CareFull Journal Title: Quality & Safety in Health CareISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Entwistle, V.A. (2007), Differing perspectives on patient involvement in patient safety. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 16 (2), 82-83.Full Text: 2007\Qua Saf Hea Car16, 82.pdf? Thor, J., Lundberg, J., Ask, J., Olsson, J., Carli, C., Harenstam, K.P. and Brommels, M. (2007), Application of statistical process control in healthcare improvement: Systematic review. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 16 (5), 387-399.Full Text: 2007\Qua Saf Hea Car16, 387.pdfAbstract: Objective: To systematically review the literature regarding how statistical process control-with control charts as a core tool-has been applied to healthcare quality improvement, and to examine the benefits, limitations, barriers and facilitating factors related to such application. Data sources: Original articles found in relevant databases, including Web of Science and MEDLINE, covering the period 1966 to June 2004. Study selection: From 311 articles, 57 empirical studies, published between 1990 and 2004, met the inclusion criteria. Methods: A standardised data abstraction form was used for extracting data relevant to the review questions, and the data were analysed thematically. Results: Statistical process control was applied in a wide range of settings and specialties, at diverse levels of organisation and directly by patients, using 97 different variables. The review revealed 12 categories of benefits, 6 categories of limitations, 10 categories of barriers, and 23 factors that facilitate its application and all are fully referenced in this report. Statistical process control helped different actors manage change and improve healthcare processes. It also enabled patients with, for example asthma or diabetes mellitus, to manage their own health, and thus has therapeutic qualities. Its power hinges on correct and smart application, which is not necessarily a trivial task. This review catalogues 11 approaches to such smart application, including risk adjustment and data stratification. Conclusion: Statistical process control is a versatile tool which can help diverse stakeholders to manage change in healthcare and improve patients’ health.Keywords: Asthma, Barriers, Cardiac-Surgery, Clinical Governance, Collection, Control, Control Charts, Databases, Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Literature, Methods, Myocardial-Infarction, Performance, Publication, Quality Improvement, Review, Risk, Science, Statistical, Systematic, Systematic Review, Time, Understanding Variation, Web of Science? Guijarro, P.M., Andres, J.M.A., Mira, J.J., Perdiguero, E. and Aibar, C. (2010), Adverse events in hospitals: The patient’s point of view. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 19 (2), 144-147.Full Text: 2010\Qua Saf Hea Car19, 144.pdfAbstract: Background The publication of the report “To err is human: building a safer system” by the Institute of Medicine incited a profuse research addressing improvements in healthcare safety. However, there is still little acknowledgement of the key role of the patient in preventing adverse events of medical care. The aim of this review is to analyse and compare studies about patient’s perception and opinion about care safety in hospitals. Methods We searched 10 databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Science Citation, IME, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS and The Cochrane Library) to identify articles and reports on patient’s safety perception published between 1989 and 2006. Results From the 699 articles, 18 were selected: eight determined the frequency of experiences related to adverse events and the safety perception reported by patients, seven focused on the impact of the adverse events regarding the communication to the patient, and three included patient’s opinions about the management and disclosure of adverse events and proposals to prevent them. Conclusions The incidence of adverse events reported by patients was similar to that estimated by other procedures. The patient’s concept of adverse events was different from that of the physician. The quality of communication from the physician influenced the patient’s perception of adverse events, and the majority wanted adverse events to be disclosed. Patients emphasised emotional consequences of the adverse events. The majority supported system modifications to prevent adverse events and to sanction the physicians when an adverse event occurs.Keywords: Act, Articles, Citation, Databases, Disclosure, Health-Care, Impact, Medical, Medical Errors, Medline, Perceptions, Physicians, Publication, Quality, Research, Review, Safety, Science, Science Citation Index, Scopus, System? Mazzocato, P., Savage, C., Brommels, M., Aronsson, H. and Thor, J. (2010), Lean thinking in healthcare: A realist review of the literature. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 19 (5), 376-382.Full Text: 2010\Qua Saf Hea Car19, 376.pdfAbstract: Objective To understand how lean thinking has been put into practice in healthcare and how it has worked. Design A realist literature review. Data sources The authors systematically searched for articles in Pub Med, Web of Science and Business Source Premier (January 1998 to February 2008) and then added articles through a snowball approach. Review methods The authors included empirical studies of lean thinking applications in healthcare and excluded those articles that did not influence patient care, or reported hybrid approaches. The authors conducted a thematic analysis based on data collected using an original abstraction form. Based on this, they articulated interactions between context, lean interventions, mechanisms and outcomes. Results The authors reviewed 33 articles and found a wide range of lean applications. The articles describe initial implementation stages and emphasise technical aspects. All articles report positive results. The authors found common contextual aspects which interact with different components of the lean interventions and trigger four different change mechanisms: understand processes to generate shared understanding; organise and design for effectiveness and efficiency; improve error detection to increase awareness and process reliability; and collaborate to systematically solve problems to enhance continual improvement. Conclusions Lean thinking has been applied successfully in a wide variety of healthcare settings. While lean theory emphasises a holistic view, most cases report narrower technical applications with limited organisational reach. To better realise the potential benefits, healthcare organisations need to directly involve senior management, work across functional divides, pursue value creation for patients and other customers, and nurture a long-term view of continual improvement.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Awareness, Design, Effectiveness, Error, Functional, Interventions, Literature, Literature Review, Management, Outcomes, Pathology, Patient Safety, Practice, Principles, Pub Med, Quality Improvement, Reliability, Review, Science, Theory, Toyota Production System, Transformation, Web of ScienceTitle: Quarterly Bulletin of IAALDFull Journal Title: Quarterly Bulletin of IAALDISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Shaheen, M. (2001), Bibliographic control of agricultural information resources in Muslim countries: A bibliometric analysis. Quarterly Bulletin of IAALD, 46 (1/2), 13-20.Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate how well the Muslim countries are using the International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS database) for the bibliographic control of their indigenous agricultural literature. The AGRIS database was searched to obtain the number of records on each Muslim country and the characteristics of agricultural literature produced by them during the years 1985-86 and 1995-96. A questionnaire-based survey of 10 Muslim countries was then used to investigate the mechanism used for the identification, acquisition, and processing of their indigenous agricultural literature. A matter of concern arising from the results is that only 45% of the Muslim countries are contributing their information to the AGRIS database. It is suggested that Muslim countries should make serious and systematic efforts for documenting their indigenous agricultural literature. For this purpose, they can start by committing themselves to a globally recognized database such as AGRIS. It is also indicated that the AGRIS database provides an opportunity to the Muslim countries for getting access to each other’s agricultural literature.Keywords: Access, Agricultural, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Characteristics, Control, Country, Database, Identification, Information, Literature, Mechanism, Purpose, Records, SurveyTitle: Quarterly Journal of Engineering GeologyFull Journal Title: Quarterly Journal of Engineering GeologyISO Abbreviated Title: Q. J. Eng. Geol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Q J Eng GeolISSN: 0481-2085Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Geological Soc Publ HousePublisher Address: Unit 7, Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Brassmill Lane, Bath, Avon, England BASubject Categories: Engineering, Geological Geosciences, Interdisciplinary: Impact Factor? Younger, P.L. (1995), Hydrogeochemistry of minewaters flowing from abandoned coal workings in county Durham. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 28, S101-S113.Abstract: Although all deep mining has now ceased in the Durham coalfield of northern England, dewatering still continues (in June 1995) in the central area of the Coal Measures outcrop. Beyond the radius of influence of the dewatering pumps, the water table has already recovered and several uncontrolled minewater discharges are found. These waters are moderately mineralized (total dissolved solids in the range 600 to 2500 mg/l) and may have appreciable alkalinity. Iron loadings are typically high and give rise to thick ochra deposits on streambeds. White deposits are associated with high aluminium concentrations. Sulphate occurs in the range 130-1300 mg/l, but in the receiving waters downstream from discharge points reductions in sulphate concentration are observed. Preliminary hydrochemical modelling results suggest that these observed reductions are explicable by precipitation of iron sulphates (e.g. jarosite). Existing hydrochemical classification schemes inadequately characterize these waters; therefore a new scheme is proposed which should be applicable in many areas with similar geology. Immediate practical use of the results presented here lies in predicting possible future river pollution if dewatering ends and planning for abatement of such pollution using constructed wetland technology.? Pedley, S. and Howard, G. (1997), The public health implications of microbiological contamination of groundwater. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 30 (2), 179-188.Abstract: The microbiological contamination of groundwater has profound and severe implications for public health. particularly in small communities and developing countries where groundwater is often the preferred source of drinking water. Although natural groundwater is usually of good quality, this can deteriorate rapidly due to inadequate source protection and poor resource management. Contaminated groundwater can contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates from diarrhoeal diseases and sometimes lead to epidemics. The disposal of excreta using land-based systems is a key issue for groundwater quality and public health protection. The use of inappropriate water supply and sanitation technologies in peri-urban areas leads to severe and long-term public health risks. The use of poorly constructed sewage treatment works and land application of sewage can lead to groundwater contamination close to water supply sources, Microbiological, in particular virus survival in these circumstances is not well understood, but there are indications of extended pathogen survival and therefore increased public health risk.Keywords: Medical Consulting Rooms, Waterborne Disease, Municipal Refuse, Survival, Soil, Adsorption, Vibrio, Environment, Estuarine, Outbreaks, Groundwater Contamination, Monitoring, Protection, Waste Water, Water QualityTitle: Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical AssociationFull Journal Title: Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical AssociationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Lotka, A.J. (1919), The relation between birth rate and death rate in a normal population and the rational basis of an empirical formula for the mean length of life given by William Farr. Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association, 16, 121-130.? Lotka, A.J. (1921), A simple graphic construction for Farr’s relation between birth-rate, deathrate, and mean length of life. Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association, 17, 998-1000.Title: Quarterly Review of BiologyFull Journal Title: Quarterly Review of BiologyISO Abbreviated Title: Q. Rev. Biol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Q Rev BiolISSN: 0033-5770Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Univ Chicago PressPublisher Address: 5720 South Woodlawn Ave, Chicago, IL 60637-1603Subject Categories: Biology: Impact Factor? Gorham, E. (1957), The development of peat lands. Quarterly Review of Biology, 32 (2), 145-166.Full Text: -1959\Qua Rev Bio32, 145.pdf? Rudolph, E.D. (1983), Ferns and allied plants with special reference to tropical America: Tryon, RM, Tryon, AF. Quarterly Review of Biology, 58 (4), 567.Full Text: 1983\Qua Rev Bio58, 567.pdfTitle: Quarterly ReviewsFull Journal Title: Quarterly ReviewsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Kipling, J.J. (1951), Adsorption of non-electrolytes from solution. Quarterly Reviews, 5 (1), 60-74.Full Text: -1959\Qua Rev5, 60.pdfTitle: Quart. Rev. Chem. Soc.Full Journal Title: ISO Abbreviated Title: Quart. Rev. Chem. Soc.JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Dubinin, M.M. (1955), Investigation of the porous structure of active carbons by complex methods. Quart. Rev. Chem. Soc., 9, 101-104.Title: Quaternary Science ReviewsFull Journal Title: Quaternary Science ReviewsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorBates, M.R., Parfitt, S.A. and Roberts, M.B. (1997), The chronology, palaeogeography and archaeological significance of the marine quaternary record of the West Sussex Coastal Plain, Southern England, U.K. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16 (10), 1227-1252.Full Text: 1997\Qua Sci Rev16, 1227.pdfAbstract: The Quaternary sediments of the West Sussex Coastal Plain have produced a wide range of floral, faunal and archaeological remains. These sediments consist of marine sands and gravels exhibiting transgressive and regressive trends which occur from present day sea-level to c. +43.0 m O.D. and are overlain by terrestrial silts and cold climate periglacial sediments. At the present day coastline, channel fill deposits occur below modern beach levels. New field observations, coupled with a re-investigation of old sites and literature, suggest that five discrete high stands of sea-level may be preserved in the area of the West Sussex Coastal Plain. Age estimates for these deposits suggest that they span large parts of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene (Oxygen Isotope Stages 13 to 5). Conformable relationships between many of the marine and terrestrial sediments suggest that the potential exists within the area to correlate the marine and terrestrial Quaternary stratigraphic records. In addition sediments associated with two of these high sea-level stands are associated with extensive buried landsurfaces covering large areas of the coastal plain. At some locations these intact landsurfaces are associated with evidence for human activity and represent stratigraphic and cultural resources of international importance.Keywords: Online Searching, Information Retrieval Systems, Bradford Law, Document FamiliarityTitle: Quimica AnaliticaFull Journal Title: Quimica AnaliticaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Perez-Corona, T., Madrid-Albarran, Y. and Camara, C. (2001), Free and immobilized yeast for chromium trace preconcentration and wastewater clean up (remediation). Quimica Analitica, 20 (1), 29-36.Abstract: Inexpensive baker’s yeast characterized as Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to selectively accumulate and preconcentrate Cr(III) from aqueous matrices. The substrate was used in batch and continuous operation immobilized in the latter case on alginate. Several parameters affecting the degree of bioaccumulation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were evaluated: pH, temperature, incubation amount of biomass, etc. In the presence of yeast, aqueous Cr(VI) remains unaltered and in solution, while Cr(III) is quantitatively bound to the yeast at pH 13. The experimental data were modelled using sorption isotherms and could be fitted to Langmuir-type expressions. By using the adsorbent S. cerevisiae immobilized on alginate, an adsorption-elution method was developed for or Cr(III) preconcentration based on retention on a column of immobilized yeast and further evolution with 3 mL of 0.3 mol.L-1 HNO3. The system developed was applied fur on-line remediation of wastewater samples trace chromium preconcentration in a certified river water sample.Keywords: Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry, Baker’s Yeast, Biomass, Chromium, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Etaas, Immobilization, Preconcentration, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Speciation, YeastTitle: Quimíca NovaFull Journal Title: Quimica NovaISO Abbreviated Title: Quim. NovaJCR Abbreviated Title: Quim NovaISSN: 0100-4042Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: BrazilLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Soc Brasileira QuimicaPublisher Address: Caixa Postal 26037, 05599-970 Sao Paulo, BrazilSubject Categories: Chemistry: Impact Factor 0.304, 89/121? Meneghini, R. (1995), Standardization of academic and research addresses - or how not to keep information on your publications from getting lost in national and international databases. Quimíca Nova, 18 (4), 396-397.Full Text: 1995\Qui Nov18, 396.pdfLamim, S.S.M., Jord?o, C.P., Brune, W., Pereira, J.L. and Bellato, C.R. (1998), Physical and chemical characterization of vermicompost from bovine manure and evaluation of competitive retention of copper and zinc. Quimíca Nova, 21 (3), 278-283.Full Text: 1998\Qui Nov21, 278.pdfAbstract: The physical and chemical characterization of vermicompost from bovine manure has been studied. It was examined the pH and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), organic matter content, electric conductivity and elementary and XRD analyses, among other characteristics. The vermicompost was then applied to the retention and competition of metal micronutrients and pollutants (Cu and Zn) from metal nitrate solutions. The retention was affected by both the pH and adsorption time, while the competitive character of these metals for the substrate was relevant to each pH examined.Keywords: Heavy Metals, Vermicompost, Copper and Zinc Competition, Industrial-Wastes, Heavy-Metals, Acid Soil, Adsorption, Sorption, Cadmium, Oxide, Lead, Clay, pHKlug, M., Sanches, M.N.M., Laranjeira, M.C.M., Fávere, V.T. and Rodrigues, C.A. (1998), Analysis of adsorption isotherms of Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) by N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl) chitosan using nonlinear regression method. Quimíca Nova, 21 (4), 410-413.Full Text: 1998\Qui Nov21, 410.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl) chitosan have been carried out, The Langmuir (L), Freundlich (F), Langmuir-Freundlich (LF), Redlich-Peterson (RP) and Tóth (T) adsorption isotherms models have been applied to fit the experimental data, Nonlinear regression computational program ‘Enzefitte’, which is a library of the more commonly used adsorption isotherm equations for obtaining tabular outuput suitable for plotting theoretical of fitted isotherms, has been used to estimate the adsorption parameters, These parameters were used to calculate the amount adsorbed q(calc.), a function of concentration (C).Keywords: Adsorption, Bonded Stationary Phases, Chelating Resins, Chitosan, Exchange Resins, Immobilized 8- Hydroxyquinoline, Ion-Exchangers, Isotherms, Liquid-Chromatography, Nonlinear Regression, Pre-Concentration, Sea-Water, Silica-Gel, Trace-MetalsJord?o, C.P., Alves, N.M., Pereira, J.L., Bellato, C.R. and Alvarez, V.H. (2000), Adsorption of Cu2+ ions by a humic yellow red oxisol. Quimíca Nova, 23 (1), 5-11.Full Text: 2000\Qui Nov23, 5.pdfAbstract: In environmental studies it is necessary to know the adsorption behavior of metals by soils, since the unfavorable effects of heavy metals and even the micronutrients at high concentrations in the environment are related to these adsorbents’ ability to immobilize them. A sample of a humic yellow red oxisol from Araponga region in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, was used to verify the adsorption behavior of Cu2+ ions in this substrate. The mathematical model described by Langmuir’s adsorption equation in its linearized form was applied and the values of the maximum capacity b and those of the constant related to the bonding energy a were obtained. Aliquots of copper nitrate solutions containing several concentrations of this metal were added to soil samples, the pH being predetermined for developing the adsorption experiments. The chemical and physical characterization of soil sample were performed by determining the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, concentration of metals (Al, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, Pb, and Cd), granulometric analysis and X-ray diffraction. Langmuir isotherms presented two distinct adsorption regions at both pH 4 and pH 5, showing that the adsorptive phenomenon occurs in two distinct stages. The adsorption sites for the lower part presented greater bonding energy and low adsorption capacity compared with the adsorption sites of the part of the curve corresponding to higher Cu concentrations in the equilibrating solution.Keywords: Copper Sorption, Zinc Adsorption, Soils, Copper, Adsorption, OxisolValentini, A., Laranjeira, M.C.M., Fiori, S., de Fávere, V.T. and Klug, M. (2000), Alternative process for removal of copper and nickel in aqueous solutions, using chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol) capsules. Quimíca Nova, 23 (1), 12-15.Full Text: 2000\Qui Nov23, 12.pdfAbstract: Capsules were prepared from chitosan (QTS)-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend by saline coacervation and then by formalization. A adsorbent based on chitosan, insoluble on acid solution, was obtained, The morphology, average diameters of QTS/PVA capsules and their pores were studied by using scanning electron microscopy. The entrapment-adsorption of dimethylglioxime and ethylenediaminetetracetate by the capsules were studied. The removal of the ion nickel(II) and copper(II), was more effective than by using unloaded capsules.Keywords: Metal-Ions, Chitosan Beads, Adsorption, Water, Chitosan, Adsorption, CapsulesPetroni, S.L.G., Pires, M.A.F. and Munita, C.S. (2000), Adsorption of zinc and cadmium on peat columns. Quimíca Nova, 23 (4), 477-481.Full Text: 2000\Qui Nov23, 477.pdfAbstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the adsorption conditions of zinc and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using a comercially available peat from Balneario Arroio do Silva, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Adsorption studies were carried out in column experiments using radiotracers of the studied metals (Zn-65 and Cd-115). The DH influence and the interference of other ions, such as Na+, Ca2+, Fe3+ and Al3+ on the adsorption process were investigated. The results showed that peat columns are able to retain more than 99% of metal ions in solution in a range of pH from 3, 7 to 6, 5. Ca2+ and Al3+ ions were the main interferent on adsorption of Zn and Cd ions in solution.Keywords: Peat Columns, Adsorption, Zinc and Cadmium, Waste-Water, Kinetics, Exchange, Removal? Neumann, M.G., Gessner, F., Cione, A.P.P., Sartori, R.A. and Cavalheiro, C.C.S. (2000), Interaction between dyes and clays in aqueous suspension. Quimíca Nova, 23 (6), 818-824.Full Text: 2000\Qui Nov23, 818.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of cationic dyes on clays can be used as a model for the interactions between organic compounds and these minerals. Cationic dyes like methylene blue are used to study these interactions because of the spectroscopic changes observed when their molecules are adsorbed on clay surfaces, Depending on the structure and layer charge of the clay particles several processes may occur? like adsorption of dye monomers and aggregates on the external and internal surfaces of the clay tactoids, migration towards internal surfaces, protonation, etc. Under certain conditions the deaggregation-aggregation of the clay particles are accelerated trapping dye species during these processes. A general scheme is proposed for the processes occurring between clays and dyes in aqueous suspensions, which can be used to explain the behaviour of specific systems.Keywords: Cationic Dyes, Clays, Clay-Dye Interactions, Methylene-Blue, Layer Charge, Crystal Violet, Basic-Dyes, Alkylammonium Ions, Acridine-Orange, Montmorillonite, Adsorption, Laponite, SmectitesLamim, A.P.B., Jord?o, C.P., Pereira, J.L. and Bellato, C.R. (2001), Chemical and physical characterization of coastal peat and evaluation of competitive adsorption of copper and zinc. Quimíca Nova, 24 (1), 18-23.Full Text: 2001\Qui Nov24, 18.pdfAbstract: The chemical and physical characterization of coastal peat has been studied. It was examined the pH, organic matter content: and elementary and XRD analyses, among other characteristics. The peat was then applied to the retention and competition of metal micronutrients (Cu and Zn) from metal nitrate solutions. The retention was affected by both the pH and time of adsorption, while the competitive character of these metals for the substrate was relevant to each pH examined.Keywords: Heavy Metals, Coastal Peat, Copper and Zinc Competition, Minas-Gerais, Chromium Contamination, Heavy-Metals, Humic Acids, Brazil, Soils, Sorption, Tanneries, Cadmium, StateSodré, F.F., Lenzi, E. and da Costa, A.C.S. (2001), Applicability of adsorption models to the study of copper behaviour in clayey soils. Quimíca Nova, 24 (3), 324-330.Full Text: 2001\Qui Nov24, 324.pdfAbstract: It was evaluated the applicability of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models to copper adsorption in three classes of soils. Fractions of each soil were added to test tubes containing growing concentrations of the metal in solution. The tubes were shaken and the copper concentrations were determined in the extracts by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The models offered a good fit for the experimental data indicating that presence of silicated clay had high influence on copper sorption. The Langmuir isotherm showed high influence of the organic matter in the absorption phenomenon. It was evidenced the importance of further studies related to Temkin model.Keywords: Adsorption Isotherms, Heavy Metal, Tropical Soils, Acidda Costa, A.C.S., Almeida, V.D. and Nozaki, E.L.J. (2002), Determination of copper, aluminum, and iron in basaltic soils by sequential extractions. Quimíca Nova, 25 (4), 548-552.Full Text: 2002\Qui Nov25, 548.pdfAbstract: Copper, aluminum and iron concentrations were determined in four geochemical fractions of three different basaltic soils from the northwest region of the Parana State, Brazil. The fractions examined were the reducible manganese dioxide and amorphous iron oxide, crystaline iron oxide, organic and residual. Metal concentrations were determined in the extracts by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. High Fe concentrations were extracted from the crystalline iron oxide (>20%). as well as the amorphous iron oxide (>12%). Copper was extracted from the amorphous and crystalline iron oxides in the range 5 to 12%, but low concentrations were bound to organic matter. Low concentrations of aluminum were extracted (<8%) from the amorphous and crystaline iron oxides, and organic matter. High concentrations of aluminum were found in the residual fraction.Keywords: Sequential Extractions, Basaltic Soils, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Trace-Metals, Brazilian Oxisols, Manganese Oxides, Organic-Matter, Heavy-Metals, Adsorption, Sorption, Surface? Fungaro, D.A. and da Silva, M.G. (2002), Use of zeolite from coal bottom ash as adsorbent of metals from water. Quimíca Nova, 25 (6B), 1081-1085.Full Text: 2002\Qui Nov25, 1081.pdfAbstract: Coal ashes produced in coal-fired power plant could be converted into zeolites and can be used as low-cost adsorbents for the treatment of effluents contaminated with high levels of toxic metals. The capacity of synthetic zeolites for the removal of cadmium, zinc and copper ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated under different operating conditions. Zeolite from bottom chimney showed higher removal efficiency for metals ions than zeolite from feed hopper and mixing mill. The results indicated that the treated bottom ash could be applied in environmental technology as an immobilizer of pollutants.Keywords: Fly-Ash, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Natural Zeolites, Synthetic Zeolites, Toxic Metals, Zeolitede Aguiar, M.R.M.P., Novaes, A.C. and Guarino, A.W.S. (2002), Removal of heavy metals from wastewaters by aluminosilicate. Quimíca Nova, 25 (6B), 1145-1154.Full Text: 2002\Qui Nov25, 1145.pdfAbstract: This review had as aim the bibliography research for the use of aluminosilicates to remove heavy metals from wastewaters. Advanced studies based on parameters that have influence for removal of heavy metals as pH, metal concentration, effect of ligants and removal capacity of zeolites and clays, were reported. These studies demonstrate that aluminosilicates can be successfully used for the removal of heavy metals under the optimized conditions.Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminosilicates, Bentonite, Ca-Montmorillonite, Catalytic Properties, Heavy Metal, Ion-Exchange, Pillared Clays, Soils, Sorption, Waste-Water Treatment, Wastewater, ZeoliteSoares, J.D., de Souza, J.A. and Cavalheiro, ?.T.G. (2004), Characterization of commercial samples of vermicompost from bovine manure and evaluation of the influence of pH and time on Co(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) adsorption. Quimíca Nova, 27 (1), 5-9.Full Text: 2004\Qui Nov27, 5.pdfAbstract: Some commercial samples of vermicompost from bovine manure (humus) were characterized by thermogravimetry with respect to humidity, organic matter and ash contents, the percentages of which range from 6.55 to 5.35%, 53.01 to 69.96% and 46.44 to 66.14%, respectively. The capacity of adsorption of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ ions by these samples has been evaluated as a function of pH and time. The contents of several metal ions in the original vermicompost samples have been determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion in a microwave oven. The high nitrogen content suggests that the earthworms used in the maturation procedure lead to an efficient degradation of organic matter. The metal retention was affected by both pH and adsorption time. The results also show that adsorption follows the order Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+.Keywords: Vermicompost, Thermogravimetry, Metal Ion Adsorption, Humic Acids, Copper? de Carvalho, L.M., do Nascimento, P.C., Bohrer, D., Scharf, M. and da Silva, M.R. (2004), Speciation analysis of arsenic compounds by voltammetric and polarographic methods: A comparative review of their main advantages and applications. Quimíca Nova, 27 (2), 261-269.Full Text: 2004\Qui Nov27, 261.pdfAbstract: This paper provides a review on voltammetric and polarographic methods for the speciation analysis of inorganic and organic arsenic compounds in different matrices. A discussion on the main advantages of electroanalytical methods in comparison with other analytical methods employed for arsenic speciation is presented. The mechanistic aspects of the most relevant techniques employing cathodic and anodic stripping voltammetry as well as polarographic methods published in the last twenty five years are summarized and discussed. The bibliographic references cited in this work were selected from the Web of Science (published by the ISI) and the main journals of analytical chemistry.Keywords: Analysis, Arsenic, Arsenic Speciation, Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Bibliographic, Cathodic-Stripping-Voltammetry, Differential-Pulse Polarography, Directly Coupled Chromatography, Glassy-Carbon Electrode, Gold-Film Electrode, ISI, Journals, Mercury-Drop Electrode, Natural-Waters, Neutron-Activation Analysis, Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Polarography, Review, Science, Voltammetry, Web of Scienceda Silva, J.B.B. (2004), Behavior of electrothermal atomization of gold, silver, bismuth, cadmium, lead, and tin in aqueous solutions and in ethanol starting from different atomizing surfaces. Quimíca Nova, 27 (4), 528-535.Full Text: 2004\Qui Nov27, 528.pdfAbstract: The atomization behavior of An, Ag, Bi, Cd, Pb, and Sn from pyrolitic graphite coating (L’vov platform) with the use Pd and Mg solutions, and zirconium coated platform with the analytes in nitric acid 0.2% v/v and in ethanol was investigated. In ethanol medium, the sensitivity gain was three-fold for Bi and Cd using Zr as modifier. Without modifier, the ethanol medium is appropriate only for An and Cd. In nitric acid medium, the Zr coated platform elevates sensitivity at least two-fold for Bi and Cd. The method was applied to the determination of Ag, An and Bi of certified steel samples, after on-line preconcentration, sorption on a minicolumn filled with C-18 bonded to silica gel and elution with ethanol. The concentrations obtained agreed with the recommended values.Keywords: Atomization Behavior, Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Zirconium Permanent, Slurry Sample Introduction, Absorption Spectrometric Determination, Injection Sorbent Extraction, High-Pressure Homogenization, Permanent Chemical Modifier, Magnesium-Nitrate Modifier, Graphite-Furnace, Palladium Nitrate, Selenium, PreconcentrationFungaro, D.A., Flues, M.S.M. and Celebroni, A.P. (2004), Stabilization of zinc-contamined soil using zeolites synthesized from coal ashes. Quimíca Nova, 27 (4), 582-585.Full Text: 2004\Qui Nov27, 582.pdfAbstract: The effect of synthetic zeolites on stabilizing Zn-contaminated soil using 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2, leaching solution in batch experiments was investigated. The zeolites were synthesized from coal ash by hydrothermal treatment with alkaline solution. The additive enhanced the sorption capacity of the soil and reduced leaching. Zinc leaching was reduced by more than 80% using a minimum of 10% additive. The higher cation exchange capacity of the zeolite/soil mixtures and higher pH were responsible for stabilizing Zn in soil. The poly(2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid)-coated mercury thin-film electrode was used for the determination of zinc.Keywords: Zeolite, Stabilization, Contaminated Soil, Batch-Injection-Analysis, Fly-Ash, Environmental-Analysis, Modified Electrodes, Conversion, Mechanism, Cadmium, Sensors, Removal, MetalsJimenez, R.S., Bosco, S.M.D. amd Carvalho, W.A. (2004), Heavy metals removal from wastewater by the natural zeolite scolecite: Temperature and pH influence in single-metal solutions. Quimíca Nova, 27 (5), 734-738.Full Text: 2004\Qui Nov27, 734.pdfAbstract: Cation exchange capabilities of a Brazilian natural zeolite, identified as scolecite, were evaluated for application in wastewater control. We investigated the process of sorption of chromium(III), nickel(II), cadmium(II) and manganese(II) in synthetic aqueous effluents, including adsorption isotherms of single-metal solutions. The natural zeolite showed the ability to take up the tested heavy metals in the order Cr(III) > Cd(II) > Ni(II) > Mn(II), and this could be related to the valence and the hydration radius of the metal cations. The influence of temperature (25, 40 and 60 ?C) and initial pH value (from 4 to 6) was also evaluated. It was found that the adsorption increased substantially when the temperature was raised to 60 ?C and that maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH 6. These results demonstrate that scolecite can be used for removal of heavy metals from aqueous effluents, under optimized conditions.Keywords: Cation Exchange, Heavy Metals, ScoleciteFalone, S.Z. and Vieira, E.M. (2004), Adsorption/desorption of the explosive tetryl in peat and yellow-red argissol. Quimíca Nova, 27 (6), 849-854.Full Text: 2004\Qui Nov27, 849.pdfAbstract: This paper presents the study of adsorption/desorption of the explosive tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethyl-nitramine) in different matrices, such as in natura soil, roasted soil, humic acid of soil, in natura peat, roasted peat and humic acid of peat. The aim of the study is to evaluate the interaction capacity of those matrices with the explosive. The analytic technique used was HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), with UV-detection at 230 nm. The Freundlich isotherms were utilized for the mathematical treatment of the data. The results indicated that in natura soil and in natura peat (with organic substances) are excellent matrices for the retention of tetryl, adsorbing it and keeping it immovable, preventing it front contaminating the groundwater. The largest adsorption of the explosive ocurred in in natura soil, while the smallest desorption was observed in in natura peat. After the calcination of the matrices, the smallest adsorption was observed, indicating that the retention occurs in the organic substance.Keywords: Explosive, Adsorption, Desorption, Humic-Acid, Adsorption-Desorption, Liquid-Chromatography, Soil, Extraction, Samples, RDX, Products, Residues, WaterMiretzky, P., Jardim, W.F. and Rocha, J.C. (2004), Factors affecting Hg(II) adsorption in soils from the rio negro basin (Amazon). Quimíca Nova, 28 (3), 438-443.Full Text: 2004\Qui Nov28, 438.pdfAbstract: Mercury(II) adsorption studies in top soils (top 10 cm) from the Rio Negro basin show this process depends strongly on some selected parameters of the aqueous phase in contact with the soils. Maximum adsorption occurred in the pH range 3.0-5.0 (>90%). Dissolved organic matter shows an inhibitory effect on the availability of Hg(II) to be adsorbed by the soils, whereas a higher chloride content of the solution resulted in a lower adsorption of Hg(II) at pH 5.0. Soils with higher organic matter content were less affected by changes in the salinity. An increase in the initial Hg(II) concentration increased the amount of Hg(II) adsorbed by the soil and decreased the time needed to reach equilibrium. A Freundlich isotherm provided a good model for Hg(II) adsorption in the two types of soil studied. The kinetics of Hg(II) adsorption on Amazonian soils showed to be very fast and followed pseudo-second order kinetics. An environmental implication of these results is discussed under the real scenario present in the Negro River basin, where acidic waters are in contact with a soil naturally rich in mercury.Keywords: Mercury, Soils, Freundlich Isotherm? Soares, M.R., Alleoni, L.R.F. and Casagrande, J.C. (2005), Thermodynamic parameters for boron adsorption reaction on highly weathered tropical soils. Quimíca Nova, 28 (6), 1014-1022.Full Text: 2005\Qui Nov28, 1014.pdfAbstract: The driving force of boron adsorption on some tropical soils was evaluated by means of thermodynamic parameters. The batch method was employed, and the reaction was monitored at different pH values. The Langmuir equation successfully fitted the experimental results and provided reasonable isotherm parameters. Boron adsorption increased as a function of the pH of the soil solution and the concentration of added boron. The reaction was favorable and proceeded spontaneously, being strongly exoergic, as indicated by a negative free energy (G) and a separation factor (K-R) < 1. The boron adsorption phenomenon and the soil-solution interface were thermodinamically described using a theoretical model.Keywords: Tropical Soils, Boron, Adsorption? Brasil, J.L., Vaghetti, J.C.P., Royer, B., dos Santos, A.A., Simon, N.M., Pavan, F.A., Dias, S.L.P. and Lima, E.C. (2007), Statistical design of experiments as a tool for optimizing the batch conditions of Cu(II) biosorption using pecan nutshells as biosorbent. Quimíca Nova, 30 (3), 548-553.Full Text: 2007\Qui Nov30, 548.pdfAbstract: In order to reduce the total number of experiments for achieving the highest amount of adsorbed Ca2+ (qmax) using pecan nutshells (Carya illinoensis) as biosorbent, a full 2(4) factorial design with two central points was carried out (mass of biosorbent- m, pH, initial metallic ion concentration- C-0, time of contact- t). In order to continue the optimization of the system, a central composite surface analysis design with two factors and five central points was carried out. The maximum amount of Cu2+ taken up by the pecan nutshells was 20 mg g(-1). These results were confirmed by determining a Cu2+ isotherm using the best conditions attained by the statistical design of experiments.Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Carya Illinoensis, Chromium, Composite, Concentration, Cu(II), Cu(II) Biosorption, Cu2+, Design, Experiments, Factorial Design, Heavy-Metal Ions, Isotherm, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Microwave-Assisted Digestion, Optimization, Ph, Removal, Statistical Design, Statistical Design of Experiments, Surface, T, Waste-Water Treatment? Simionatto Guinesi, L., ves Esteves, A. and Gomes Cavalheiro, E.T. (2007), Adsorption of copper(II) on chitosan using a column in a closed hydrodynamic flow system. Quimíca Nova, 30 (4), 809-814.Full Text: 2007\Qui Nov30, 809.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by chitosan using a column in a closed hydrodynamic flow system is described. The adsorption capacities as a function of contact time of copper(II) ions and chitosan were determined by varying the ionic strength, temperature and the flow of the metal solution. The Langmuir model reproduced the adsorption isothermal data better than the Freundlich model. The experimental kinetic data correlate properly with the second-order kinetic reaction for the whole set of experimental adsorption conditions. The rate constants exercise great influence on the time taken for equilibrium to be established by complexation or electrostatic interaction between the amino groups of chitosan and the metal.Keywords: 4-(2-Pyridylazo)Resorcinol, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Analytical-Chemistry, Aqueous Solution, Beads, Chitosan, Column, Complexation, Constants, Contact Time, Copper, Copper(II), Copper(II) Ions, Cu(II), Deacetylation, Derivatives, Equilibrium, Exercise, Experimental, Flow, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Function, Groups, Hydrodynamic, Interaction, Ionic Strength, Ions, Isothermal, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Metal, Model, Rate, Rate Constants, Reaction, Second Order, Spectrophotometric Determination, Strength, Temperature, Time? Sousa, F.W., Moreira, S.A., Oliveira, A.G., Cavalcante, R.M., Nascimento, R.F. and Rosa, M.F. (2007), The use of green coconut shells as adsorbents in the removal of toxic metals. Quimíca Nova, 30 (5), 1153-1157.Full Text: 2007\Qui Nov30, 1153.pdfAbstract: Green coconut shells were treated with acid, base and hydrogen peroxide solutions for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h for removing toxic metals from synthetic wastewater. The removal of ions by the adsorbent treated with 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH/3h was 99.5% for Pb2+, and 97.9% for Cu2+. The removal of Cd2+. Ni2+. Zn2+. using adsorbent treated with 1.0 mol L-1 NaOH/3 h, was 98.5, 90.3 and 95.4%, respectively. Particle size, adsorbent concentration and adsorption kinetics were also studied. An adsorbent size of 60-99 mesh and a concentration of 30-40 g/L for 5 min exposure were satisfactory for maximum uptake of Pb2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ and can be considered as promising parameters for treatment the aqueous effluents contaminated with toxic metals.Keywords: Green Coconut Shells, Toxic Metals, Wastewater, Activated Carbon, Waste-Water, Adsorption, Biosorption, Peat, Lead(II), Cadmium, Cu(II), Zinc? Bueno, C.I.D. and Carvalho, W.A. (2007), Lead(II) removal in discontinous systems by carbon activated by phosphoric acid and vapor. Quimíca Nova, 30 (8), 1911-1918.Full Text: 2007\Qui Nov30, 1911.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of heavy metal cations by activated carbon is dependent on the capacity of the material in promoting adsorption and the time needed to reach equilibrium. Carbon samples were previously activated either by phosphoric acid treatment at 400°C or by steam at 800°C. The results of Pb(II) adsorption by these activated carbons have shown that equilibrium was typically reached within the first 5 min of contact between carbon and metal solution, with a maximum adsorption capacity higher than 69 mg g-1 for the vapor-activated sample. Temperature influences the sorption capacity, which corresponds to an endothermic process. Lead(R) retention is more pronounced at high temperature and low pH.Keywords: Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Lead(II), Waste-Water, Heavy-Metal, Competitive Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Coconut Shell, Surface, Ions, Peat, Sorption, Zeolite? Fungaro, D.A. and Bruno, M. (2009), Removal of Methylene blue from aqueous solution using zeolite synthesized from different coal fly ashes samples. Quimíca Nova, 32 (4), 955-959.Full Text: 2009\Qui Nov32, 955.pdfAbstract: Batch sorption experiments were carried out to remove Methylene blue from its aqueous solutions using zeolites synthesized from fly ashes as an adsorbent. The adsorbents were characterized by XFR, XRD and SEM. Nearly 90 min of contact time are found to be sufficient for the adsorption of dye to reach equilibrium. Equilibrium data have been analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the results were found to be well represented by the Freundlich isotherm equation. Adsorption data were fitted to both Lagergren first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the data were found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Behavior, Coal, Conversion, Data, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dyes, Equilibrium, Experiments, First Order, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Hydrothermal Reaction, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Metals, Methylene Blue, Models, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, SEM, Solutions, Sorption, Sphagnum Moss Peat, Waste-Water, XRD, Zeolite, Zeolites? Rodrigues, L.A. and da Silva, M.L.C.P. (2009), Adsorption of phosphate ions on hydrous niobium oxide. Quimíca Nova, 32 (5), 1206-1211.Full Text: 2009\Qui Nov32, 1206.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of phosphate ions on hydrous niobium oxide. The adsorption kinetics of phosphate on NB2O5NH2O was investigated at initial phosphate concentrations 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 Mg.L-1. The kinetic process was described by a pseudo-second-order rate model very well. The adsorption thermodynamics was carried out at 298, 308, 318, 328 and 338 k. The positive values of both delta h and delta s suggest an endothermic reaction and increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. Delta g values obtained were negative indicating a spontaneous adsorption process. The langmuir model described the data better than the freundlich isotherm model. The effective desorption could be achieved using water at pH 12.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption of Phosphate Ions, Adsorption Thermodynamics, Akaganeite, Aqueous-Solutions, Data, Desorption, Endothermic, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Goethite, Interface, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics Models, Langmuir, Layered Double Hydroxides, Model, Oxide, Phosphate, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Randomness, Removal, Seawater, Thermodynamics, Waste, Water? Moreira, S.A., Sousa, F.W., Oliveira, A.G., Nascimento, R.F. and de Brito, E.S. (2009), Metal removal from aqueous solution using cashew bagasse. Quimíca Nova, 32 (7), 1717-1722.Full Text: 2009\Qui Nov32, 1717.pdfAbstract: Metal removal from aqueous solution using cashew bagasse. The metal ions removal on cashew bagasse, a low-cost material, has been studied by batch adsorption. The parameters chemical treatment, particle size, biosorbent concentration, and initial ph were studied. In this study the maximum ions removal was obtained on the cashew bagasse treated with 0.1 Mol/l naoh/3 h, at optimum particle size (20-59 Mesh), Biosorbent concentration (50 G/l) and initial solution ph 5. The kinetic study indicated that the adsorption metal follows pseudo-second order model for a multielementary system and equilibrium time was achieved in 60 min for all metal ions.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Bagasse, Bagasse of Cashew, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Chemical, Coconut Shell, Concentration, Equilibrium, Fly-Ash, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Low Cost, Low-Cost Material, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal Ions Removal, Metal Removal, Model, Particle Size, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Size, Solution, Sorption, Sugar-Industry Waste, Treatment, Water? de Carvalho, T.E.M., Fungaro, D.A. and Izidoro, J.D. (2010), Adsorption of reactive orange 16 from aqueous solutions by synthesized zeolite. Quimíca Nova, 33 (2), 358-363.Full Text: 2010\Qui Nov33, 358.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of reactive orange 16 from aqueous solutions by synthesized zeolite. Coal fly ash, a waste generated in a coal-fired electric power plant, was used to synthesize zeolite by hydrothermal treatment with naoh solution. This zeolite was used as adsorbent to investigate the adsorption kinetics and isotherm parameters of the reactive orange 16 (Ro16) Dye from aqueous solutions at different concentrations (1.3-15.4 Mg l-1). Three kinetic models, the pseudo-first-order, second-order, and intraparticle diffusion were used to predict the adsorption rate constants. The kinetics of adsorption of the ro16 dye followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm data were closely fitted to the langmuir equation. Keywords: Coal fly ash; Zeolite; Reactive dye adsorption.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm, Adsorption Rate, Aqueous Solutions, Basic Dye, Coal, Coal Fly Ash, Coal Fly-Ash, Data, Diffusion, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Equilibrium, Fly Ash, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherm Parameters, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Kinetics of Adsorption, Langmuir, Methylene-Blue, Models, Plant, Power, Power Plant, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Rate Constants, Reactive Dye, Reactive Dye Adsorption, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Sphagnum Moss Peat, Treatment, Waste, Water, Zeolite? Boniolo, M.R., Yamaura, M. and Monteiro, R.A. (2010), Residual biomass for removal of uranyl ions. Quimíca Nova, 33 (3), 547-551.Full Text: 2010\Qui Nov33, 547.pdfAbstract: Residual biomass for removal of uranyl ions. Activities related to nuclear industry, production of phosphoric acid and hospitals have generated considerable volumes of radioactive waste containing uranyl ions. Banana pith was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and was investigated as a biosorbent for uranyl ions from nitric solutions by batch experiments. Influences of adsorbent size, kinetics and equilibrium adsorption were studied. The biosorption of the uranyl ions followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm data were closely fitted to the freundlich equation.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous-Solution, Banana Pith, Batch, Batch Experiments, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Data, Electron Microscopy, Equilibrium, Experiments, Freundlich, Hospitals, Infrared Spectroscopy, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic-Models, Kinetics, Phosphoric Acid, Pith, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Size, Solutions, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Uranium Removal, Uranyl Ions, Waste, Wastes, Water? Favere, V.T., Riella, H.G. and da Rosa, S. (2010), Chitosan-n-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as adsorbent for the removal of the reactive dye from aqueous solutions. Quimíca Nova, 33 (7), 1476-1481.Full Text: 2010\Qui Nov33, 1476.pdfAbstract: Chitosan-n-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as adsorbent for the removal of the reactive dye from aqueous solutions. The quaternary chitosan was synthesized by reaction of chitosan with glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride. It was characterized by infrared spectra and conductometric titration. Adsorption of reactive blue 4 (Rb4) and reactive red 120 (Rr120) By quaternary chitosan was studied from aqueous medium. Two kinetic adsorption models were tested: Pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order. The experimental data best fitted the pseudo second-order model. The langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the equilibrium data in the concentration range investigated and the maximum adsorption capacity determined was 415 mg (Rr120) And 637 mg (Rb4) Of reactive dye per gram of adsorbent.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Capacity, Ammonium, Anionic Dyes, Aqueous Medium, Aqueous Solutions, Capacity, Chitosan, Chloride, Concentration, Copper(II) Ions, Data, Dye, Equilibrium, Experimental, First Order, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Adsorption, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Linked Chitosan Beads, Metal-Ions, Model, Models, Pseudo First-Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Quaternary Chitosan, Reactive Dye, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Second-Order Model, Solutions, Sorption, Textile Effluent, Waste-Water? Geremias, R., Laus, R., de Fávere, V.T. and Pedrosa, R.C. (2010), Coal mining waste as adsorbent for removal of acidity, Fe(III), Al(III) and Mn(II) in acid drainage. Quimíca Nova, 33 (8), 1677-1681.Full Text: 2010\Qui Nov33, 1677.pdfAbstract: Coal mining waste as adsorbent for removal of acidity, Fe(III), Al(III) And Mn(II) In acid drainage. This study aimed the use of coal mining waste as a new adsorbent for h3o+ and removal of Al(III), Fe(III) And Mn(II) From acid mine drainage. Data from kinetic and equilibrium of the adsorption of H3O+ followed the pseudo second-order and langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of h3o+ was 316 mmol kg(-1). The adsorbent removed 100% of Al(III), 100% Of Fe(III) And 89% of Mn(II), Suggesting its use as an alternative for the treatment of acid mine drainage.Keywords: Acidity, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption H3o+, Brazil, Capacity, Chitosan, Coal Mining Waste, Contaminated Water, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Microspheres, Mine Drainage, Models, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Remediation, Removal, Removal Metallic Ions, Second-Order, Sludge, Treatment, Waste? de Torresi, S.I.C., Pardini, V.L. and Ferreira, V.F. (2011), Plagiarism. So What? Quimíca Nova, 34 (3), 371.Full Text: 2011\Qui Nov34, 371.pdfKeywords: Plagiarism? Toledo, T.V., Bellato, C.R., do Rosario, R.H. and Neto, J.D.M. (2011), Adsorption of Arsenic(V) by the magnetic hydrotalcite - iron oxide composite. Quimíca Nova, 34 (4), 561-567.Full Text: 2011\Qui Nov34, 561.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of arsenic(V) By the magnetic hydrotalcite - iron oxide composite. In this work, hydrotalcite, a layered double hydroxide, had its adsorption and ion exchange properties combined with the magnetic properties of iron oxide to produce a magnetic adsorbent, ht-fe. The removal of as(V) By a ht-fe adsorbent was evaluated under various conditions. The kinetic process was well described by a pseudo-second order rate model. The maximum adsorption capacity, calculated with the langmuir model showed to be dependent on ph, reaching values of 24.09, 10.19 And 7.44 Mg g(-1), Respectively, for ph values of 4.0, 7.0 And 9.0. The inhibition by competition of anions is dependent on the type of ionic species.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous-Medium, Arsenate, Arsenate Removal, Chitosan, Composite, Hidrotalcite - Iron Oxide Composite, Hydrotalcite, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetics, Layered Double Hydroxides, Magnetic, Phosphate, Removal, Sorption, Water? Debrassi, A., Largura, M.C.T. and Rodrigues, C.A. (2011), Adsorption of congo red dye by hydrophobic o-carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives. Quimíca Nova, 34 (5), 764-770.Full Text: 2011\Qui Nov34, 764.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of congo red dye by hydrophobic o-carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives. Hydrophobically modified o-carboxymethylchitosan derivatives were synthesized through a reaction with lauroyl chloride and applied for adsorption of congo red dye. The langmuir-freundlich isotherm model was found to be the most suitable one for the vc adsorption and maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 281.97 Mg g(-1) At a ph value of 7.0 For hl 1.0. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the corresponding rate constants were obtained. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption process is spontaneous (Positive Δh(O)) And favorable (Negative Δg(O)). The hydrophobic derivatives are able to adsorb the dye even in high ph values.Keywords: Acid Dyes, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Chitosan, Chloride, Congo Red, Crystal Violet, Dye, Equilibrium, Isotherm, Kinetics, Malachite Green, O-Carboxymethylchitosan, Polyurethane Foam, Pore-Size, Removal, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic ParametersTitle: Quintessence InternationalFull Journal Title: Quintessence InternationalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Tang, Y., Li, X.T. and Yin, S.H. (2010), Outcomes of MTA as root-end filling in endodontic surgery: A systematic review. Quintessence International, 41 (7), 557-566.Abstract: Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) used as root-end filling with other materials in endodontic surgery to determine which modality offers more favorable outcomes. Method and Materials: A computerized literature search was performed in the Cochrane Library (1993-2009), MEDLINE (1993-2009), EMBASE (1993-2009), Science Citation Index (SCI) (1993-2009), Chinese Biomedicine Database (1993-2009), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1993-2009) to collect randomized controlled trials and quasi-controlled trials comparing MTA with other materials or placebo. The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan5 software was used for data analysis. Results: Five studies involving MTA and three other materials were included. No statistically significant difference was found in the clinical effectiveness of MTA and intermediate restorative material (IRM), with relative risk (RR) 0.62 and 95% CI 0.34 to 1.16. A statistically significant difference exists between MTA and amalgam in terms of outcome, with RR 0.35 and 95% CI 0.13 to 0.94. The difference between the gutta-percha and the MTA groups was statistically significant, with RR 0.08 and 95% CI 0.01 to 0.57. Conclusion: MTA as root-end filling is better than amalgam and purely gutta-percha but similar to IRM. There is a limited number of well-designed clinical trials within this research area. Further high-quality, large-scale, and long-term follow-up randomized controlled trials are still required to confirm the long-term outcomes of MTA as root-end filling in endodontic surgery. (Quintessence Int 2010;41:557-566).Keywords: Amalgam, Apicectomy, Bacterial Leakage, Endodontic Surgery, Follow-Up, Glass-Ionomer Cement, IRM, Meta-Analysis, Metaanalysis, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, MTA, Periradicular Surgery, RCT, Research, Root-End Filling, Root-End ResectionTitle: Radiation MeasurementsFull Journal Title: Radiation MeasurementsISO Abbreviated Title: Radiat. Meas.JCR Abbreviated Title: Radiat MeasISSN: 1350-4487Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, OxfordPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Baradács, E., Hunyadi, I., Dezs?, Z., Csige, I. and Szerbin, P. (2001), 226Ra in geothermal and bottled mineral waters of Hungary. Radiation Measurements, 34 (1-6), 385-390.Full Text: R\Rad Mea34, 385.pdfAbstract: Geothermal waters have been used on a large scale for bathing, drinking and medical purposes, while the consumption of bottled mineral waters is increasing. In this work, radon and radium activity concentrations of thermal and bottled mineral waters, originating from different regions of Hungary, were studied by different radioanalytical methods. It was found that the thermal springs, which supply the world famous baths of Budapest along the right riverside of the Danube, have high 222Rn and 226Ra activity concentration: up to about 100 and 1 kBq m-3, respectively. The radium content of some investigated geothermal waters found in the NE region of the Great Hungarian Plain is even higher: up to several kBq m-3. The Ra-226 content of bottled mineral waters, commercially available in Hungary, was determined by gamma-spectrometric method, applying radiochemical separation. The highest value exceeded 2 kBq m-3 in the case of the Apenta mineral water, which is a popular brand in Hungary, as well as in Europe and North America. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: 222Rn, 226Ra, Geothermal Waters, Bottled Mineral Waters, Radamon Radon Monitor, Gamma-Spectrometry, Emanation MethodTitle: Radiation Physics and ChemistryFull Journal Title: Radiation Physics and ChemistryISO Abbreviated Title: Radiat. Phys. Chem.JCR Abbreviated Title: Radiat Phys ChemISSN: 0969-806XIssues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, EnglandSubject Categories: Chemistry, Physical: Impact Factor 0.565, 75/91 (2000); Impact Factor 0.819, / (2001)Nuclear Science & Technology: Impact Factor 0.819, / (2001)Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical: Impact Factor 0.819, / (2001)Doi, T., Osada, Y., Morishige, A., Tokunaga, O., Miyata, T., Hirota, K., Nakajima, M., Komiya, M., Miyajima, K. and Baba, S. (1993), Pilot-plant for NOX, SO2 and HCl removal from flue-gas of municipal waste incinerator by electron-beam irradiation. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 42 (4-6), 679-682.Full Text: R\Rad Phy Che42, 679.pdfAbstract: According to the basic research performed using a small size reactor at TRCRE of JAERI, the electron beam irradiation process was proved to be very effective for NOx, SO2 and HCl removals from flue-gas of municipal waste incinerators. Based on this result, a pilot-plant was constructed for the demonstration of NOx, SO2 and HCl removal performance using electron accelerator of maximum energy 0.95 MeV and maximum power 15kW.The pilot-plant was constructed at Matsudo City waste Disposal Center. The flue-gas of 1,000 Nm3/hr is guided from the waste incinerator flue-gas line of 30,000Nm3/hr to the pilot-plant to be processed by spraying Ca(OH)2 slurry or powder and irradiation with high-energy electron beam of the accelerator. NOx, SO2 and HCl are removed simultaneously from the flue-gas by the enhanced reaction with Ca (OH)2 under irradiation.A brief explanation of the pilot-plant and preliminary results of the experiments are introduced in this paper.Keywords: Flue-gas treatment, electron irradiation, NOx, SO2, HCl removal, municipal waste incineratorHirota, K., Tokunaga, O., Miyata, T., Sato, S., Osada, Y., Sudo, M., Doi, T., Shibuya, E., Baba, S., Hatomi, T., Komiya, M. and Miyajima, K. (1995), Pilot-scale test for electron beam purification of flue-gas from a municipal waste incinerator with slaked-lime. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 46 (4-6 Pt2), 1089-1092.Full Text: R\Rad Phy Che46, 1089.pdfPonomarev, A.V., Bludenko, A.V., Makarov, I.E., Pikaev, A.K., Kim, D.K., Kim, Y. and Han, B. (1997), Combined electron-beam and adsorption purification of water from mercury and chromium using materials of vegetable origin as sorbents. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 49 (4), 473-476.Full Text: R\Rad Phy Che47, 473.pdfAbstract: Combined electron-beam and adsorption method of purification of water from Hg(II) and Cr(VI) using materials of vegetable origin as sorbents was developed. It consists in the addition of materials of vegetable origin (e.g. cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, and wheat flour) into water, subsequent electron-beam irradiation, sedimentation and filtration of additives with captured Hg(II) or Cr(VI). The method is based on the synergistic effect of the combined action of irradiation and sorbent. The best results were obtained with the wheat flour. For example, the addition of 25 mg/l of the flour to the water containing 1 mg/l Hg(II) and irradiation with dose 1.1 kGy upon bubbling inert gas through the system led to the 98% removal of the pollutant. The possible mechanism of the processes causing the purification of water is discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.Keywords: RadiationPaur, H.R., Baumann, W., M?tzing, H. and Jay, K. (1998), Electron beam induced decomposition of chlorinated aromatic compounds in waste incinerator offgas. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 52 (1-6), 355-359.Full Text: R\Rad Phy Che52, 355.pdfAbstract: Gaseous emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and-furanes (PCDD/F) in incinerator flue gas are decomposed to below 0, 1 ng mN-3 by the irradiation with accelerated electrons. A mobile off gas cleaning plant (AGATE-M), equipped with a 200 keV electron accelerator (EB), was used to treat a flow of 1000 mN-3h-1 of flue gas from a waste incinerator. Very high decomposition efficiencies were obtained at a dose of 5-10 kGy. A computer model (AGATE-code) was developed to analyze the gas phase chemistry of the process. The experimental and the theoretical results are reported and compared.Keywords: Flue Gas Cleaning, Electron Beam, Waste Incinerator, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and-Furanes (PCDF), Flue-GasGüven, O., ?en, M., Karada?, E. and Saraydin, D. (1999), A review on the radiation synthesis of copolymeric hydrogels for adsorption and separation purposes. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 56 (4), 381-386.Full Text: R\Rad Phy Che56, 381.pdfAbstract: Recent theoretical and experimental work on the radiation synthesis, characterization and the use of hydrogels containing diprotic acid moieties have been reviewed. It is shown that upon incorporating vinyl monomers carrying diprotic acid groups randomly in the main chain, non-ionic hydrogels like poly(acryl amide) and poly(n-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone) acquired stimuli-responsive behaviours. The swelling behaviours of these hydrogels are shown to be predictable reliably under varying solution conditions by a theoretical expression derived recently. Examples are given for the utilization of these hydrogels in the adsorption and separation of biomolecules, dyes and metal ions in aqueous media and their ability to release drugs in stepwise manner in response to pH of the environment. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Copolymeric Hydrogels, Diprotic Acid Hydrogels, Radiation Synthesis, Adsorption Separation, Acrylamide/Itaconic Acid Hydrogels, Swelling Behavior, Biocompatibility, Serum, Dyes? Saraydin, D., Karadag, E., Caldiran, Y., and Guven, O. (2001), Nicotine-selective radiation-induced poly(acrylamide/maleic acid) hydrogels. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 60 (3), 203-210.Full Text: 2001\Rad Phy Che60, 203.pdfAbstract: Nicotine-selective poly(acrylamide/maleic acid) (AAm/MA) hydrogels prepared by gamma -irradiation were used in experiments on swelling, diffusion, and interactions of the pharmaceuticals nicotine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide. and nikethamide. For AAm/MA hydrogel containing 60 mg maleic acid and irradiated at 5.2 kGy, the studies indicated that swelling increased in the following order; nicotine > nicotinamide > nikethamide > nicotinic acid > water. Diffusions of water and the pharmaceuticals within the hydrogels were found to be non-Fickian in character. AAm/MA hydrogel sorbed only nicotine and did not sorb nicotinamide, nikethamide and nicotinic acid in the binding experiments. S-type adsorption in Giles’s classification system was observed. Some binding and thermodynamic parameters for AAm/MA hydrogel-nicotine system were calculated using the Scatchard method. The values of adsorption heat and free energy of this system were found to be negative whereas adsorption entropy was found to be positive. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science. Keywords: Hydrogel, Poly(Acrylamide/Maleic Acid), Nicotine, Sorption, Interaction, Bovine Serum-Albumin, Cationic Dyes, Aqueous-Solutions, Adsorption, Biocompatibility, Parameters, Behaviors? ?olpan, D., Duran, S., Saraydin, D. and Güven, O. (2003), Adsorption of methyl violet in aqueous solutions by poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 66 (2), 117-127.Full Text: 2003\Rad Phy Che66, 117.pdfAbstract: In this study, Acrylamide(AAm)/Acrylic Acid(AAc) monomer mixtures which contain different quantities of acrylic acid have been irradiated to form hydrogels with gamma-radiation. Acrylamide/Acrylic Acid (AAm/AAc) monomer mixtures which contain 15%, 20%, 30% AAm and irradiated with 8.0 kGy were used for swelling and diffusion studies in water and solutions of methyl violet. Diffusions of water and methyl violet within the hydrogels were found to be non-Fickian in character. In experiments on the adsorption of methyl violet, Type-S adsorption was found. Poly(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogel adsorbed methyl violet, while poly(AAm) hydrogel did not adsorb any dye. (DeltaH) Heat of adsorption, (DeltaG) Free energy of adsorption, (DeltaS) Entropy of adsorption were calculated. These results show that poly(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogels can be used as a sorbent for water pollutants such as dyes and treatment of these organic contaminants from wastewater. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acrylamide, Acrylic Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Diffusion, Dye, Dyes, Dyestuffs, Energy, Gamma-Irradiation, Hydrogel, Hydrogels, Methyl Violet, Swelling, Treatment, WastewaterGao, R.M., Safrany, A. and Rabani, J. (2003), Reactions of TiO2 excess electron in nanocrystallite aqueous solutions studied in pulse and gamma-radiolytic systems. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 67 (1), 25-39.Full Text: R\Rad Phy Che67, 25.pdfAbstract: Reactions of excess electrons in TiO2 nanocrystallites produced by radiolysis have been studied by both steady state and pulse radiolysis techniques. The TiO2 electrons were produced by gamma or pulse radiolysis of 2-propanol or t-butanol aqueous solutions in acid pH’s. The effects of various materials, including such that are often present in photocatalytic systems such as hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, nitrate and perchlorate on the decay of the TiO2 electron absorption was followed, using two nanocrystallite sizes with average diameters of 1.0 and 4.7 urn. The rates of electron reactions depend on particle size. Several scavengers including Cu2+, ClO2-, ClO3-, NO2-, and NO3- show decay of the TiO2 electron predominantly by single pseudo-first order process. The rate of reaction of the above ions in the large nanocrystallites systems is 2-10 times faster than in the respective small particle systems. Hydrogen peroxide and oxygen show a multi-exponential decay, which is supposedly related to different kinds of adsorption. Large particles show reduction rates 2-3 orders faster for H2O2 and 10-20 times faster for O2, compared to the small particles. The reaction of the electron with ClO4- ions is first order in [ClO4-] but second order with respect to the TiO2 electron. In the large particle system the rate was found to depend on the number of electrons per particle. (No similar information is available for the small particles). The rates of reduction of the different scavengers, tend to increase with the driving force, although not always. Deviations from linear dependency of log k on the driving force are large. The mechanisms and role of adsorption are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Pulse Radiolysis, Titanium Dioxide, Colloid, Nanocrystallites, Conduction-Band Electrons, Solar-Cells, Recombination, Dynamics, Dioxide, Nanoparticles, Spectroscopy, Reactivity, Colloids, Surface? ?olpan, D. and K?lge, Z. (2006), Adsorption of methyl violet in aqueous solutions by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogels. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 75 (1), 120-128.Full Text: 2006\Rad Phy Che75, 120.pdfAbstract: N-vinylpyrrolidone(VP)/methacrylic acid (MAA) monomer mixtures containing different quantities of methacrylic acid were irradiated with gamma-radiation to form hydrogels. Mixtures which contain 5, 10, 15% and irradiated with 3.4 kGy were used for swelling and diffusion studies in water and solutions of methyl violet and for the adsorption of methyl violet from aqueous solutions. Diffusion of water and methyl violet within hydrogels were found to be of non-Fickian character. In the dye adsorption experiments, the effects of pH, concentration of aqueous solution of dye and the composition of hydrogels on the adsorption process were investigated. When the pH and concentration of aqueous solutions of dye and the MAA content in hydrogels increased, the adsorption increased. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Diffusion, Dye, Gamma-Irradiation, Hydrogel, Hydrogels, Mechanisms, Methyl Violet, Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone-Co-Methacrylic Acid), Polymer, SwellingTitle: RadiologiaFull Journal Title: RadiologiaISO Abbreviated Title: RadiologiaJCR Abbreviated Title: RadiologiaISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Bordons, M., Morillo, F., Fernandez, M.T. and Gomez, I. (2006), The internationalization of scientific production in the fields of radiology and neuroimaging in Spain (1996-2003). Radiologia, 48 (3), 137-146.Abstract: The situation of Research in radiology in Spain is analysed by examining the number of publications by Spanish authors in main stream international journals. The scientific production of Spanish researchers in journals included in the Science Citation Index (SCI) under the headings “Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Medical Imaging” and “Neuroimaging” during the years 1996-2003. During this period the scientific production in these fields comprised 1,562 documents (3.5% of the total production for Spanish clinical medicine); scientific production in these fields increased by 40% in this period in comparison to 24% for all clinical medicine. The bulk of the production was concentrated in the autonomous communities of Catalonia (35%), Madrid (28%), and Valencia (10%). The autonomous communities of Navarra and Cantabria had a high relative production after the results were adjusted for population. The healthcare sector is the most active, with the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, and the Hospital Vall d’Hebron being outstanding in that they not only lead the country in the number of publications but also publish more in journals with high impact factors. Among centers other than hospitals, the Center for Research in Energy, the Environment, and Technologies (CIEMAT) and the Medical School of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid are the most important. A high degree of collaboration is evident: 68% of the documents were produced by more than one institution, foreign centers were involved in 20%, and the documents were signed by an average of six authors. Conclusions. In summary, the data show that Spanish radiological research is becomin increasingly international, although this process is still in the initial stage, with the percentage of documents published in the most prestigious journals for this specialty being lower than in other disciplines. The relative activity and production of Spain is slightly below the average of the European Union, but the country shows a rising trend for both production and impact.Keywords: Autonomous, Barcelona, Clinical, Collaboration, Comparison, Country, Data, European Union, Hospitals, Impact, Impact Factors, International, Internationalization, Journals, Lead, Medicine, Population, Publications, Radiology, Research, SCI, Science Citation Index, Scientific Production, Sector, Spain, Specialty, Stream, TrendTitle: RadiologyFull Journal Title: RadiologyISO Abbreviated Title: RadiologyJCR Abbreviated Title: RadiologyISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Hanley, J.A. and Mcneil, B.J. (1982), The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology, 143 (1), 29-36.Full Text: 1982\Radiology143, 29.pdfAbstract: A representation and interpretation of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained by the “rating” method, or by mathematical predictions based on patient characteristics, is presented. It is shown that in such a setting the area represents the probability that a randomly chosen diseased subject is (correctly) rated or ranked with greater suspicion than a randomly chosen non diseased subject. Moreover, this probability of a correct ranking is the same quantity that is estimated by the already well studied nonparametric Wilcoxon statistic. These two relationships are exploited to (a) provide rapid closed-form expressions for the approximate magnitude of the sampling variability, i.e., standard error that one uses to accompany the area under a smoothed ROC curve, (b) guide in determining the size of the sample required to provide a sufficiently reliable estimate of this area, and (c) determine how large sample sizes should be to ensure that one can statistically detect differences in the accuracy of diagnostic techniques.Keywords: MeaningNotes: highly cited? Hanley, J.A. and Mcneil, B.J. (1983), A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology, 148 (3), 839-843.Full Text: 1983\Radiology148, 839.pdf? Siegelman, S.S. (1988), The cat’s meow: The most frequently cited papers in Radiology 1955-1986. Radiology, 168 (2), 414-420.Full Text: 1988\Radiology168, 414.pdf? Bipat, S., van Leeuwen, M.S., Comans, E.F.I., Pijl, M.E.J., Bossuyt, P.M.M., Zwinderman, A.H. and Stoker, J. (2005), Colorectal liver metastases: CT, MR imaging, and PET for diagnosis - Meta-analysis. Radiology, 237 (1), 123-131.Full Text: 2005\Radiology237, 123.pdfAbstract: PURPOSE: To perform a meta-analysis to obtain sensitivity estimates of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxy-, glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) for detection of colorectal liver metastases on per-patient and per-lesion bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CANCERLIT, databases and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for including original articles published from January 1990 to December 2003. Criteria for inclusion of articles were as follows: Articles were reported in the English German or,, French language; CT, MR imaging, or FDG PET was performed to identify and characterize colorectal liver metastases; histopathologic analysis (surgery, biopsy, or autopsy), intraoperative observation (manual palpatation, intraoperative ultrasonography [US]), and/or follow-up US was the reference standard; and data were sufficient for calculation of true-positive or false-negative values. A random-effects linear regression model was used to obtain sensitivity estimates in assessment of liver metastases. RESULTS: of 165 identified relevant articles, 61 fulfilled all inclusion criteria Sen. sitivity estimates on a per-patient basis for nonhelical CT, helical CT, 1.5-T MR imaging, and FDG PET were 60.2%, 64.7%, 75.8%, and 94.6%, respectively; FDG PET was the most accurate modality. On a per-lesion basis, sensitivity estimates for nonhelical CT, helical CT, 1.0-T MR imaging, 1.5-T MR imaging, and FDG PET were 52.3%, 63.8%, 66.1%, 64.4%, and 75.9%, respectively; nonhelical CT had lowest sensitivity. Estimates of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MR imaging were significantly better, compared with nonenhanced MR imaging (P =.019 and P <.001, respectively) and with helical CT with 45 g of iodine or less (P =.02 and P <.001, respectively). For lesions of I cm or larger, SPIO-enhanced MR imaging was the most accurate modality (P <.001). CONCLUSION: FDG PET had significantly higher sensitivity on a per-patient basis, compared with that of the other modalities, but not on a per-lesion basis. Sensitivity estimates for MR imaging with contrast agent were significantly superior to those for helical CT with 45 g of iodine or less. (c) RSNA, 2005.Keywords: Analysis, Articles, Assessment, Cochrane, Computed Tomography, Computed-Tomography, CT, Database, Databases, Diagnosis, Embase, FDG-PET, Follow-Up, Hepatic Lesion Detection, Imaging, Iron, Liver Metastases, Medline, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Model, Observation, Operating Characteristic Analysis, Peripheral Arterial-Disease, PET, Phase Helical CT, Positron-Emission-Tomography, Pulse-Inversion US, Science, Sensitivity, Superparamagnetic-Iron-Oxide, Surgery, Systematic, Ultrasonography, US, Web of Science, Whole-Body PET? Miguel-Dasit, A., Marti-Bonmati, L., Aleixandre, R., Sanfeliu, P. and Bautista, D. (2006), Publication of material presented at radiologic meetings: Authors’ country and international collaboration. Radiology, 239 (2), 521-528.Full Text: 2006\Radiology239, 521.pdfAbstract: Purpose: To estimate the influence of the authors’ country and collaboration on the probability of subsequent full publication of material from oral presentations at the 2000 European Congress of Radiology (ECR). Materials and Methods: After searching the Medline database for articles published between 2000 and 2003, all articles that originated from presentations at the ECR in 2000 and were published in journals indexed in the Journal Citation Report were evaluated. Relative likelihood of full publication depending on the country in which an abstract originated was compared with that of Austria, which is the host country of the ECR. The X-2 test was used to compare publication rates according to country of origin and collaboration. The median and interquartile range of the impact factor of publications according to country of origin and collaboration in the abstract were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The percentage of articles published in journals ranked in the top quartile (top 25% of journals according to impact factor) was calculated. Results: Of 1020 presentations, 403 articles (39%) with significant (P <.001) variations according to country of origin were identified. Studies originating from the United States had the highest percentage of full publication (62%; relative likelihood, 1.41), median impact factor (4.5), and percentage of articles in the top quartile (54%). Radiology was the top quartile journal, with the most articles published (60%). Impact factor differed according to country of origin (P <.001). Abstracts submitted with collaboration between (a) European countries and countries outside of Europe (other than the United States) and (b) different European countries had the highest publication rates (83% and 52%, respectively; P = .03). Conclusion: The country of origin of an abstract was useful in predicting the chances of full publication of the abstract, with the United States having the highest publication rate. Authors were more likely to publish an article if it had been prepared with international collaboration. (c) RSNA, 2006.Keywords: Abstracts, Austria, Authors, Bias, Cardiology, Citation, Clinical Research, Collaboration, Congress, Country, Country of Origin, Database, Europe, Host, Impact, Impact Factor, Influence, International, Journal, Journals, Meetings, Oral, Origin, P, Publication, Publication Rate, Publication Rates, Publications, Rates, Society, Subsequent Publication, United States? Krestin, G.P. (2008), Evaluating the quality of radiology research: What are the rules of the game? Radiology, 249 (2), 418-424.Full Text: 2008\Radiology249, 418.pdfKeywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Departments, Impact Factor, Innovation, Performance, Research, Science, Scientific-Research? Krug, B., Crott, R., Lonneux, M., Baurain, J.F., Pirson, A.S. and Borght, T.V. (2008), Role of PET in the initial staging of cutaneous malignant melanoma: Systematic review. Radiology, 249 (3), 836-844.Full Text: 2008\Radiology249, 836.pdfAbstract: Purpose: To calculate summary estimates of the diagnostic performance of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging in the initial staging of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), following the new American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging classification on per-patient and per- lesion bases. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases, and reference lists of reviews and included papers were searched, without any language restrictions, for relevant articles published before March 2007. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility and methodologic quality by using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies checklist. A pooled random effect was estimated and a fixed coefficient regression model was used to explore the existing heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-eight studies involving 2905 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates of FDG PET for the detection of metastasis in the initial staging of CMM were sensitivity, 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 81%, 84%); specificity, 85% (95% CI: 83%, 87%); positive likelihood ratio (LR), 4.56 (95% CI: 3.12, 6.64); negative LR, 0.27 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.40); and diagnostic odds ratio, 19.8 (95% CI: 10.8, 36.4). Results from eight studies suggested that FDG PET was associated with 33% disease management changes (range, 15%-64%). Conclusion: There is good preliminary evidence that FDG PET is useful for the initial staging of patients with CMM, especially as adjunctive role in AJCC stages III and IV, to help detect deep soft-tissue, lymph node, and visceral metastases. FDG PET-computed tomographic imaging seemed to be more precise than PET alone, as suggested by four eligible studies. Further evaluation by using a well-designed prospective study, with clinical outcome-focused measures and cost effectiveness analysis, is needed to clarify the appropriate role of FDG PET in CMM staging. (C) RSNA, 2008.Keywords: Accuracy, Analysis, Assessment, Cancer, Cochrane, Cost-Effectiveness, Database, Databases, Diagnostic-Test Accuracy, Disease, Disease Management, Effectiveness, Embase, Evaluation, F-18-FDG PET, FDG-PET, Follow-Up, II Melanoma, Imaging, Likelihood Ratio, Lymph-Node, Management, Medline, Melanoma, Metastatic Melanoma, Methods, Model, Papers, Pet, Positron-Emission-Tomography, Prospective Study, Ratio, Review, Routine Use, Science, Sensitivity, Sentinel Node Biopsy, Soft Tissue, Specificity, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science? Durieux, V. and Gevenois, P.A. (2010), Bibliometric indicators: Quality measurements of scientific publication. Radiology, 255 (2), 342-351.Full Text: 2010\Radiology255, 342.pdfAbstract: Bibliometrics is a set of mathematical and statistical methods used to analyze and measure the quantity and quality of books, articles, and other forms of publications. There are three types of bibliometric indicators: quantity indicators, which measure the productivity of a particular researcher; quality indicators, which measure the quality (or “performance”) of a researcher’s output; and structural indicators, which measure connections between publications, authors, and areas of research. Bibliometric indicators are especially important for researchers and organizations, as these measurements are often used in funding decisions, appointments, and promotions of researchers. As more and more scientific discoveries occur and published research results are read and then quoted by other researchers, bibliometric indicators are becoming increasingly important. This article provides an overview of the currently used bibliometric indicators and summarizes the critical elements and characteristics one should be aware of when evaluating the quantity and quality of scientific output. (C) RSNA, 2010.Keywords: Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Books, Characteristics, Citations, Eigenfactor(TM) Metrics, Funding, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Impact Factor, Indicators, Journals, Methods, Productivity, Publications, Radiology Research, Research, Research Articles, Research Results, Researchers, Science, Scientific Output? Chow, D.S. and Itagaki, M.W. (2010), Interventional oncology research in the United States: Slowing growth, limited focus, and a low level of funding. Radiology, 257 (2), 410-417.Full Text: 2010\Radiology257, 410.pdfAbstract: Purpose: To establish the characteristics of published interventional oncology (IO) research, including the volume, growth, geographic distribution, type of research, and funding patterns, and to determine how IO research compares with overall radiology research. Materials and Methods: This retrospective bibliometric analysis of public data was exempt from Institutional Review Board approval. IO articles published between 1996 and 2008 were identified in the National Library of Medicine MEDLINE database. Country of origin, article methodology, study topic, and source of funding were recorded. Growth was analyzed by using linear and nonlinear regression. Results: Total journal articles numbered 3801, including 847 (22.3%) from the United States, 722 (19.0%) from Japan, and 390 (10.3%) from China. World publications grew with a sigmoid (logistic) pattern (predicted maximum of 586.8 articles per year, P < .001). The United States and China also had logistic and slowing growth (maximums of 111.0 and 48.1 articles per year, respectively; both P < .001). Growth was linear in Japan (growth of 3.0 articles per year, P < .001) and exponential and accelerating in Germany, Italy, South Korea, France, and the United Kingdom. The United States produced 187 (36.9%) review articles but only 52 (13.1%) clinical trials. Japan (75, 18.8%) and China (71, 17.8%) both produced more clinical trials than other countries. U.S. IO articles were less likely than general radiology articles to receive funding from government (12.5% vs 23.7%) and nongovernment (15.0% vs 17.0%) sources. Liver cancer articles constituted 2388 (62.8%) of all IO articles. Conclusion: IO research is slowing in the United States but growing elsewhere. Japan and China are leaders in clinical trial research. U.S. IO research receives less funding than does overall radiology reserach. IO research focuses primarily on liver cancer. (C) RSNA, 2010.Keywords: Act, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Cancer, China, Impact, Institutes-of-Health, Journals, Medicine, Medline, Publications, Radiology, Radiology Research, Recovery, Research, Research Articles, Share, TrendsTitle: Radiology and OncologyFull Journal Title: Radiology and OncologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorMusek, M., Oven, M. and Ju?ni?, P. (2003), Ten years of the journal Radiology and Oncology some bibliometric evaluations. Radiology and Oncology, 37 (3), 141-153.Full Text: R\Rad Onc37, 141.pdfAbstract: Background. Bibliometrics and its methods are a useful set of tools for analysing a scientific journal’s relative position in the field. By measuring different quantitative data and comparing them with other journals in the field, certain decisions can be made as to the future of the journal. Objectives and methods. We thought as appropriate to take last ten years of Radiology and Oncology (1992-2001) and put that content to double scrutiny: first, by applying various quantitative measurements to the journal’s content to get a more objective picture of the whole and of its development in the past ten years; then by additionally comparing it to another international journal from the field and of similar orientation, Neoplasma, to illustrate if differences and/or similarities between the two are in favour of or detriment to Radiology and Oncology. Results and conclusion. Results show that Radiology and Oncology has been progressing in the right direction, but that extra efforts should be made by the editors and the editorial board to attract more articles per issue and to gradually increase the share of experimental articles to boost its impact in the field. Also, to improve its visibility, editors, reviewers and also authors that publish in Radiology and Oncology could consider citing the articles published in this journal, in the articles published elsewhere, when appropriate.Keywords: Radiology, Medical Oncology, Periodicals, BibliometricsTitle: Radiology and OncologyFull Journal Title: Radiology and OncologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Ruano-Ravina, A., Ortega, R.A. and Guedea, F. (2008), Intraoperative radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer: A systematic review. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 87 (3), 318-325.Abstract: Background and purpose: Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has been considered for treatment of pancreas cancer since local recurrence rates are very high. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of IORT in pancreatic cancer. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review of scientific literature from January 1995 to February 2007, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and HTA (Health Technology Assessment). By applying a series of inclusion criteria, two independent reviewers selected those studies in which a minimum of 30 patients received IORT and which furnished survival results based on a minimum 3-month follow-up. Results: Fourteen papers were included, one was an IORT assessment report, 5 were cohort studies, and the remaining 8 were case series studies, 2 of which belonged to the same series. In general, these studies showed that IORT could slightly increase survival among patients with pancreatic cancer in localized stages. However, the results were not conclusively in favor of IORT in the case of pancreatic cancer in locally advanced and metastatic stages. There were no published studies that assessed quality of life. Conclusions: There is no clear evidence to indicate that IORT is more effective than other therapies in treating pancreatic cancer in locally advanced and metastatic stages. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Assessment, Cancer, Carcinoma, Case Series, Cohort Studies, Curative Resection, Efficacy, Follow-Up, Health, Intraoperative Radiotherapy, ISI, Literature, Mortality, Pancreas Neoplasm, Pancreatic Cancer, Papers, Quality of Life, Radiation-Therapy, Radiotherapy, Recurrence, Review, Safety, Science, Surgical Resection, Survival, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Web of Science? Niyazi, M., Siefert, A., Schwarz, S.B., Ganswindt, U., Kreth, F.W., Tonn, J.C. and Belka, C. (2011), Therapeutic options for recurrent malignant glioma. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 98 (1), 1-14.Abstract: Background and purpose: Despite the given advances in neuro-oncology most patients with high grade malignant glioma ultimately fail locally or locoregionally. In parallel with improvements of initial treatment options, several salvage strategies have been elucidated and already entered clinical practice. Aim of this article is to review the current status of salvage strategies in recurrent high grade glioma. Material and methods: Using the following MESH headings and combinations of these terms the PUBMED database was searched: “Glioma”, “Recurrence”, “Neoplasm Recurrence, Local”, “Radiosurgery”, “Brachytherapy”, “Neurosurgical Procedures” and “Drug Therapy”. For citation crosscheck the ISI web of science database was used employing the same search terms. In parallel, the abstracts of ASCO 2008-2009 were analyzed accordingly. Results: Currently the following options for salvage entered clinical practice: re-resection, re-irradiation (stereotactic radiosurgery, (hypo-)fractionated (stereotactic) radiotherapy, interstitial brachytherapy) or single/poly-chemotherapy schedules including new dose-intensified or alternative treatment protocols employing targeted drugs. Re-operation is associated with high morbidity and mortality, however, is an option in a highly selected patient cohort. Since toxicity has been overestimated, re-irradiation is an increasingly used option with precise fractionated radiotherapy being the most optimal technique. On average, time to secondary progression is in the range of several months. Conventional chemotherapy regimens also improve time to secondary progression; however the efficacy is only modest and treatment-related toxicities like myelo-suppression occur very frequently. Molecular targeted agents/kinases are undergoing clinical testing; however no final recommendations can be made. Conclusions: Currently, several re-treatment options with only modest efficacy exist. The relative value of each approach compared to other options is unknown as well as it remains open which sequence of modalities should be chosen. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Radiotherapy and Oncology 98 (2011) 1-14.Keywords: Anaplastic Astrocytoma, Bevacizumab, Bevacizumab Plus Irinotecan, Brain-Tumor Consortium, Chemotherapy, Citation, Di-Neuro-Oncologia, Drugs, Efficacy, Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery, High-Grade Glioma, Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy, Isi, Malignant Glioma, Morbidity, Mortality, Oncology, Phase-II Trial, Practice, Prognostic-Factors, Progression, Radiotherapy, Recurrence, Relapse, Review, Science, Temozolomide, Temozolomide-Refractory Glioblastoma, Toxicity, Treatment, Web of ScienceTitle: Radiation ResearchFull Journal Title: Radiation ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: Radiat. Res.JCR Abbreviated Title: Radiat ResISSN: 0033-7587Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Radiation Research SocPublisher Address: 2021 Spring Rd, Ste 600, Oak Brook, IL 60521Subject Categories: Biology, Miscellaneous Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging: Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Till, J.E. and Mcculloch, E.A. (1961), Direct measurement of radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells. Radiation Research, 14 (2), 213-222.Full Text: 1960-80\Rad Res14, 213.pdfKeywords: Measurement, RadiationGeraci, J.P., Mariano, M.S., Jackson, K.L., Taylor, D.A. and Still, E.R. (1992), Effects of dexamethasone on late radiation injury following partial-body and local organ exposures. Radiation Research, 129 (1), 61-70.Abstract: Dexamethasone was evaluated as a treatment for radiation-induced lung, kidney, liver, and spinal cord injuries in rats. One experimental group was partial-body-irradiated (22.5 Gy) with the head, femur, and exteriorized intestine shielded to prevent acute mortality. Other animals received local irradiation to the kidney (20 Gy), liver (25 Gy), or a 1-cm segment of cervical spinal cord (18 to 40 Gy). Following irradiation half of the animals in each radiation group were given drinking water containing 188 micrograms/liter of dexamethasone. Tests were done to assess kidney function (hematocrit, plasma urea nitrogen, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid clearance), liver function (rose bengal clearance, plasma glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase), or spinal cord injury (paralysis). The effectiveness of dexamethasone in preventing radiation injury was tissue specific. Dexamethasone eliminated lethal pleural fluid accumulation after partial-body irradiation and delayed development of kidney dysfunction after local kidney irradiation. As a result, dexamethasone increased the median survival time from 63 to 150 days after partial-body irradiation and from 126 to 175 days after local kidney irradiation. After whole-liver irradiation, development of hepatic functional injury was retarded by dexamethasone treatment but without significantly changing survival time. Dexamethasone had no effect on spinal cord tolerance but significantly shortened the latent period between radiation and paralysis.Keywords: Protein Overload Nephropathy, Glucocorticoid Toxicity, Unilateral Nephrectomy, Dietary-Protein, Rat, Irradiation, Mice, Corticosteroids, Pneumonitis, HippocampusGeraci, J.P., Taylor, D.A., Mariano, M.S. and Jackson, K.L. (1992), Effects of dexamethasone on the development of radiation nephropathy in the rat. Radiation Research, 131 (2), 186-191.Abstract: Low-dose, chronic administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, to male CD-I rats in the drinking water or by osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously after supralethal irradiation of the kidneys (20 Gy) was studied. The effectiveness of treatment with dexamethasone in the drinking water at concentrations of 23 micrograms/l to 188 micrograms/l and treatment times varying from 33 to 166 days was evaluated. At monthly intervals kidney function was assayed by measuring the clearance of 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. All dexamethasone treatment regimens increased survival times significantly and delayed the development of kidney dysfunction. The most effective combination of concentration of dexamethasone in drinking water and treatment interval after irradiation with respect to survival was 94 micrograms/l and 88 days. However, a slightly longer survival and a better functional result was obtained if an equivalent amount of dexamethasone was administered by minipumps. Shielding the adrenal glands during kidney irradiation did not prolong survival. This shows that the beneficial effect of dexamethasone is not due to compensation for reduced adrenal glucocorticoid production resulting from concomitant exposures of these glands during kidney irradiation.Geraci, J.P., Sun, M.C. and Mariano, M.S. (1995), Amelioration of radiation nephropathy in rats by postirradiation treatment with dexamethasone and/or captopril. Radiation Research, 143 (1), 58-68.Abstract: Dexamethasone (DEX) and captopril are effective drugs in the treatment of radiation nephropathy in experimental animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative effectiveness of the two drugs and to see if their combination is more effective than either drug alone. For this purpose both kidneys of 143 rats were exposed surgically and irradiated with 13-20 Gy gamma rays. The surrounding tissues, with the exception of a segment of lumbar cord, were shielded. Each group had free access to acidified drinking water containing either DEX (94 micrograms/l), captopril (500 mg/l), DEX (94 micrograms/l) + captopril (500 mg/l) or drug-free water. Dexamethasone treatment was stopped after 90 days, but animals continued to receive captopril until death. At approximately monthly intervals the animals were weighed and renal function (PUN, hematocrit, 51Cr-EDTA retention) was measured. A side effect of treatment with DEX and DEX+captopril was a reduced increase in body weight. Paralysis of the hind limbs developed in nine animals that received captopril and/or DEX treatment. The classical histological lesions associated with radiation myelopathy were not evident in these paretic rats. It is therefore suggested that paralysis may be attributed in part to drug-induced neurotoxicity in animals with impaired renal clearance. Macroscopically and histologically, nearly all the animals that survived more than 400 days had evidence of renal tumor development. Dexamethasone and/or captopril appear to selectively ameliorate glomerular compared to tubular damage, based on histological findings. All three experimental treatments delayed but did not stop the progression of lethal renal injury as measured by kidney function tests and survival time. Median survival times for nontreated and captopril-, DEX-and DEX+captopril-treated animals exposed to 14.5 to 19.0 Gy kidney irradiation were 175, 242, 261 and 395 days, respectively. The combination of captopril and DEX appears to be at least additive in that the therapeutic effect is equal to or greater than the sum of the therapeutic effect of the individual drugs. Dexamethasone appears to be as effective as or more effective than captopril in delaying renal failure.Title: RadiochemistryFull Journal Title: RadiochemistryISO Abbreviated Title:JCR Abbreviated Title:ISSN: 1066-3622Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Nuriev, A.N., Akperov, G.A., Mamedov, R.M., Dzhabbarova, Z.A., Ragimli, M.A. and Efendieva, S.Z. (1998), Sorption of uranium from carbonate-containing solutions on inorganic sorbents. Kinetics and thermodynamics of uranium sorption on titanium-tin- and titanium-manganese-containing sorbents. Radiochemistry, 40 (3), 262-264.Abstract: Kinetics and thermodynamics of uranium sorption on titanium-tin- and titanium-manganese-containing sorbents at 20-65°C from carbonate-containing solutions similar to seawater (pH 7.8) with various initial uranium content was studied. The overall rate constants, entropy, ethalpy, and Gibbs energy of uranium sorption were calculated. The comparison of these parameters with those for the sorption on the titanium-zirconium-containing sorbent showed that the introduction of one or other metal into the sorbent structure and increase in the content of this metal do not considerably affect the sorption properties of hydrated titanium oxide.Title: Radiochimica ActaFull Journal Title: Radiochimica ActaISO Abbreviated Title: Radiochim. ActaJCR Abbreviated Title: Radiochim ActaISSN: 0033-8230Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: GermanyLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: R Oldenbourg VerlagPublisher Address: Lektorat M/N, K Berber-Nerlinger, Postfach 80 13 60, D-81613 Munich, GermanSubject Categories: Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear Uclear Science & Technology: Impact Factor? Deldebbio, J.A. (1991), Sorption of strontium, selenium, cadmium, and mercury in soil. Radiochimica Acta, 52-53 (1), 181-186.Abstract: Distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined for Sr2+, SeO32-, Cd2+ and Hg2+ in alluvium (near-surface soil), interbed sediment and basalt at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, a defense nuclear fuel reprocessing facility. The Freundlich isotherm equation was fitted to the sorption data. The sorption isotherms for Sr2+ and Cd2+ on alluvium and interbed sediment were approximately linear while those for SeO32- and Hg2+ were non-linear. Distribution coefficients for SeO32- and Hg2+ increased greatly with decreases in initial metal concentrations. The measured distribution coefficients (ml/g) were as follows: alluvium, Sr2+ 35 - 52, SeO32- 5.8 - 63, Cd2+ 4430 - 6410, Hg2+ 236 - 1910 interbed sediment, Sr2+ 110 - 186, SeO32- 4.9 - 17, Cd2+ 13,900 - 16,900, Hg2+ 81 - 998; basalt Sr2+ 1.1 - 2.7, SeO32- 0.29 - 3.4, Cd2+ 1300 - 3590, Hg2+ 9.5 - 171. Retardation factors (water velocity/solute velocity) calculated from Kd values have indicated that migration rates of SeO32- and Hg2+ in alluvium and interbed sediment vary inversely with initial metal concentrations.Keywords: Sorption, Metals, Radionuclides, Soil, Distribution Coefficients, Retardation Factors? Bhutani, M.M., Mitra, A.K. and Kumari, R. (1992), Sorption behavior of radioactive Cr-51(VI) species on V2O5. Radiochimica Acta, 56 (3), 153-158.Abstract: The adsorption of chromate ions on vanadium pentoxide from aqueous solutions has been studied by a radiotracer technique. The effects of (i) pH and ionic concentration on adsorption in the absence of as well as in the presence of certain added cations and anions, (II) certain interfering, complexing ions, (iii) the concentration of (Na2CrO4)-Cr-51 on adsorption kinetics, and (iv) temperature on adsorption as well as desorption kinetics have been investigated. The observed change in adsorption with change in pH is due to surface hydroxyl ions and their subsequent dissociation at pH below and above the isoelectric point producing cationic and anionic species at the surface, respectively. The applicability of the Freundlich isotherm and a first order rate law have established the exothermic behaviour of the adsorption process. The activation energy of the desorption (75.63 kJ) is greater than that of the adsorption process (18.19 kJ) showing that the adsorption process is more feasible and physical in nature.Keywords: Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Chromate, Desorption, First Order, Freundlich Isotherm, Hexavalent Chromium, Hydrous Iron-Oxides, Isotherm, Kinetics, pH, Radiotracer Technique, Removal, Sorption, Thermodynamic Parameters, V2O5, CrO42-Higgo, J.J.W., Kinniburgh, D., Smith, B. and Tipping, E. (1993), Complexation of Co2+, Ni2+, UO22+ and Ca2+ by humic substances in groundwaters. Radiochimica Acta, 61 (2), 91-103.Abstract: Humic and fulvic acids were extracted from large volumes of three different groundwaters. After purification they were characterized in terms of their proton-binding properties, molecular weight, UV spectra and trace impurities. The Schubert ion-exchange method was then used to measure the proportions of free and humic-bound metal in solution over a range of ionic strengths and pH. The experiments were carried out at trace metal concentrations with humic concentrations ranging from zero to > 100 ppm. Intrinsic binding constants were calculated using Humic Ion Binding Model V which was found to describe the dependence of binding strength on pH and ionic strength reasonably well. Species distributions in the native groundwaters were calculated and the effects of competition with the alkaline earth metals are discussed.Keywords: Fulvics, Humics, Complexation, Humic Ion-Binding Model, Binding, Waters, Model, AcidsLiang, T.J. and Hsu, C.N. (1993), Sorption of cesium and strontium on natural mordenite. Radiochimica Acta, 61 (2), 105-108.Abstract: Mordenite is a zeolite mineral that possesses a large ratio of silicon to aluminum and a large ion-exchange ability. These excellent characteristics provide thermal stability and nuclide sorption capability. A modified two-stage Freundlich sorption model is proposed based on the major factors of temperature, pH value and nuclide concentration that influence the sorption behavior of mordenite. The dominant sorption mechanism of mordenite is an ion-exchange reaction, while physical adsorption plays a minor role.Keywords: Sorption, Cesium, Strontium, Mordenite, SoilsKim, J.I., Rhee, D.S., Wimmer, H., Buckau, G. and Klenze, R. (1993), Complexation of trivalent actinide ions (Am3+, Cm3+) with humic-acid: A comparison of different experimental methods. Radiochimica Acta, 62 (1-2), 35-43.Abstract: The complexation of trivalent metal ions with humic acid has been studied at pH 4 and 5 in 0.1 M NaClO4 by three different experimental methods, i.e. UV spectroscopy, time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and ultrafiltration. The direct speciation of the metal ion and its humate complex in the reaction process has been made by UV spectroscopy for Am(III) in the micromolar concentration range and by TRLFS for Cm(III) in the nanomolar concentration range. The ultrafiltration is used with the lowest pore size of filter (ca. 1 nm) to separate the uncomplexed metal ion from its complexed species. The concentrations of both metal ion and humic acid are varied in such a manner that the effective functional groups of the humic acid becomes loaded with metal ions from 1% to nearly 100%. The loading capacity of the humic acid for the trivalent metal ion, determined separately at each pH, is introduced into the evaluation of complexation constants. The variation of the metal ion concentration from 6×10-8 mol/l to 4×10-5 mol/l does not show any effect on the complexation reaction. The three different methods give rise to constants being comparable with one another. The average value of the constants thus determined is log beta = 6.24±0.28 for the trivalent actinide ions.Keywords: Humic Acid, Complexation, Curium, Americium, Laser Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Fulvic-Acids, Americium(III), Europium(III), Curium(III), pHOhnuki, T. (1994), Sorption characteristics of cesium on sandy soils and their components. Radiochimica Acta, 65 (1), 75-80.Abstract: Batch type sorption and desorption experiments of cesium at 2.4×10-9 M on sandy soils and the reference minerals of the soil components have been carried out. The sorption behavior of cesium is different from that expected on the assumption that all of cesium is reversibly sorbed on the sandy soils. This results mainly from irreversible sorption of cesium on sericite, from which cesium is not desorbed with a 1 M KCl solution. Observations of fractions of cesium not desorbed from the sandy soils with a 1 M KCl solution at different cesium concentrations suggest that 2 to 3 percent of the sorption sites of the sandy soils are irreversible sites. However, some of the cesium at 2.4×10-9 M is not irreversibly sorbed on the sandy soils. This may be a result of the kinetic effect of cesium sorption on the sandy soils, in which the rate constant of irreversible sorption decreases exponentially with time.Keywords: Sorption, Cesium, Sandy Soil, Soil Component, Irreversible Sorption, Kinetics, BehaviorQadeer, R. and Hanif, J. (1994), Kinetics of uranium(VI) ions adsorption on activated-charcoal from aqueous solutions. Radiochimica Acta, 65 (4), 259-263.Abstract: The temperature and concentration dependence of the kinetics of uranium (VI) ions adsorption onto activated charcoal from aqueous solutions has been studied. The adsorption proceeds via a rather fast stage followed by a slower one, with activation energies of 5.41 and 17.46 kJ. mol-1 respectively. The diffusion of uranium ions into the pores of the activated charcoal controls the kinetics of adsorption which follows the Langmuir isotherm equation in the concentration range studied. The adsorption equilibrium constant, k(c) has been derived at temperatures between 283 K and 323 K as well as delta G, delta H and delta S. The results indicate that the adsorption of uranium ions on activated charcoal is an endothermic process.Keywords: Uranium(VI) Ions, Adsorption, Activated Charcoal, Kinetics, Aqueous SolutionNordén, M., Ephraim, J.H. and Allard, B. (1994), The influence of a fulvic-acid on the adsorption of europium and strontium by alumina and quartz: Effects of pH and ionic-strength. Radiochimica Acta, 65 (4), 265-270.Abstract: A batch method has been employed to study the adsorption of trace quantities of Eu and Sr on alpha-Al2O3 and SiO2 as a function of pH (3-9), ionic strength (0.10 and 0.01 M NaClO4) and the presence of a well-characterized aquatic fulvic acid (FA). A comparison of Eu and Sr adsorption by alumina showed that FA could both reduce and enhance metal ion adsorption. In the absence of FA the adsorption of the metal ions onto alumina was a function of both pH and ionic strength. In the presence of FA the ionic strength effect on the Eu adsorption vanished, while the Sr adsorption showed a clear dependence on ionic strength. The adsorption of Eu and Sr on quartz was lower than the adsorption of the metals on alumina. Additionally, the adsorption of Eu and Sr on quartz was apparently lower than the adsorption on alumina in the presence of FA. For both metal ions the adsorption on quartz was higher at 0.10 M than at 0.01 M NaClO4 - an observation that was reversed in the case of alumina. Increasing concentrations of FA lowered the pH at which Eu adsorption on alumina would be reduced.Keywords: Fulvic Acid, Europium, Strontium, Alumina, Quartz, Adsorption, Oxide Surfaces, Clay-Minerals, SiliconRundberg, R.S., Albinsson, Y. and Vannerberg, K. (1995), Sodium adsorption onto goethite as a function of pH and ionic-strength. Radiochimica Acta, 66-67, 333-339.Abstract: The adsorption of sodium ion onto goethite was studied as a function of both pH and ionic strength (NaClO4 electrolyte) using Na-22 tracer, The pH ranged from 4.1 to 12.0. The ionic strength was controlled by varying the NaClO4 concentration and ranged from 0.005 to 0.016 molar The results indicate that sodium ion is adsorbed onto goethite as an outer-sphere complex at pH values above the point of zero charge. Below the point of zero charge sodium ions are repelled from the double layer by the positively charged goethite surface. This phenomenon of ‘cation exclusion’ is similar in principle to the ‘anion exclusion effect’ [1] observed in soils and clays. The pH dependence for sodium ion adsorption is in good agreement with triple layer surface complexation model. The surface complexation constant log (K-Na(int)) is 1.2±0.1.Keywords: Sodium, Goethite, Adsorption, Isotherm, Anion Adsorption, Complexation, Surface, ModelMishra, S.P. and Singh, V.K. (1995), Efficient removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by hydrous ceric oxide: A radiotracer study. Radiochimica Acta, 68 (4), 251-256.Abstract: The adsorption of cadmium ions on hydrous eerie oxide has been studied as a function of concentration (10-2-10-7 M), temperature (303-333 K) and pH (7.08-10.47) of adsorptive solution, applying radiotracer technique. The kinetics of adsorption was found to follow first order rate law with respect to adsorptive concentration and agrees well with classical Freundlich isotherm. The effect of temperature on equilibrium adsorption values has been utilized to evaluate the change in standard thermodynamic quantities (viz. H, S and G). Pre-irradiation of adsorbent with neutrons and gamma-radiations from a 11.1 GBq (Ra-Be) neutron source having an integral neutron flux of 3.85106 neutrons/cm2/sec and associated with a nominal -dose of ca. 1.72 Gy/hour has practically no effect on the extent of adsorption of cadmium ions. The sorption process was found to be endothermic and irreversible in nature.? Mishra, S.P., Singh, V.K. and Tiwari, D. (1996), Radiotracer technique in adsorption study. 15. removal behavior of barium-titanate for mercury ions. Radiochimica Acta, 73, 49-53.Abstract: Adsorption of Hg(II) ions on barium titanate have been investigated over a wide range of concentration (10-3-10-8 M), temperature (303-333 K) and pH (3.2-10.4) of the adsorptive solution using a radiotracer technique. The uptake was found to increase with increasing concentration, temperature and pH of the adsorptive solution. Kinetics of the process follows a first order rate law and agrees well with the classical Freundlich isotherm for the entire range of adsorptive concentration. Removal appears to be ion-exchange in type and thermodynamically irreversible in nature.Mishra, S.P., Singh, V.K. and Tiwari, D. (1997), Inorganic particulates in removal of toxic heavy metal ions. Efficient removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution by hydrous zirconium oxide. Radiochimica Acta, 76 (1-2), 97-101.Abstract: Adsorption of cadmium ions on hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) has been studied as a function of Cd(II) concentration, temperature and pH applying radiotracer technique. The uptake process was favoured at higher concentrations and temperature. The kinetics of the process follow first order rate law and obey the classical Freundlich isotherm over the entire range of the bulk concentration of Cd(II). The process was found to be ‘ion exchange’ type and irreversible in nature. Effect of some cations and acid concentrations on the uptake of cadmium was also observed.Keywords: Manganese Oxide, Adsorption, Sorption, Dioxide, Cations, Copper, River, Hydrous Zirconium Oxide, Cadmium Ions, Adsorption, Freundlich Isotherm, Temperature Dependence, DesorptionMishra, S.P., Tiwari, D., Dubey, R.S. and Mishra, M. (1998), Removal behaviour of rice (Oryza sativa L) hulls for submicro concentrations of Hg2+ and Cr3+ from aqueous solutions: A radiotracer study. Radiochimica Acta, 80 (1), 47-52.Abstract: The uptake behaviour of rice (Oryza sativa L) hulls for the micro to trace levels of Hg2+ and Cr3+ from aqueous solutions has been carried out in batch equilibrium experiments, employing a ‘radiotracer technique’. The parametric study reveals that the increase of adsorptive concentration (10-8 to 10-2 moldm-3), temperature (293 to 323 K) and pH ca. (3 to 10) enhances the removal of these ions and from thermal and from kinetic data it is inferred that the sorption of these metal ions on rice hulls follows first order rate law, obeys Freundlich isotherm and is endothermic in nature. Desorption experiments allow further conclusion that the process is apparently irreversible as no significant desorption could take place in the bulk concentration of the adsorptives.Keywords: Granular Activated Carbon, Heavy-Metals, Adsorption, Ions, Adsorbents, Titanate, Chromium, Biomass, Yeast, Sorption, Hg(II), Cr(III), Radiotracer, Freundlich, Rice Hull, Desorption, Endothermic? Mishra, S.P. and Tiwary, D. (1998), Inorganic particulates in removal of toxic heavy metal ions: Part VII. Efficient removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by hydrous manganese oxide. Radiochimica Acta, 80 (4), 213-217.Abstract: Adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions of Cd(NO3)2 on hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) has been studied as a function of the contact time, concentration (10-2-10-7 M), temperature (303-333 K) and pH (2.80-11.80) of the Cd(II) solution employing ‘radiotracer technique’. The results on adsorption of M(II) on HMO show that the removal process is essentially complete in ca. 2 h and the steady state values of adsorption at various concentrations agree well with the classical Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The temperature and pH of the bulk solution markedly affect the extent of adsorption and the process is thermodynamically irreversible. The exposure of HMO to neutrons and gamma-radiations from a 11.1 GBq (Ra-Be) neutron source having 1.72 Gy/h dose rate or to a high radiation gamma-cell (having mean dose rate 4.66 kGy/h) has practically no significant effect on the adsorption capacity of HMO.Keywords: Hydrous Manganese Oxide, Cadmium Ions, Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm, Desorption, Radiotracer, Irradiation, Radiotracer Technique, Zirconium-Oxide, Adsorption, Behavior, Sorption, Dioxide, MercuryMishra, S.P., Singh, V.K. and Tiwari, D. (1998), Inorganic particulates in removal of toxic heavy metal ions: Rapid and efficient removal of Hg(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solutions by sodium titanate. Radiochimica Acta, 81 (4), 227-233.Abstract: Radiotracer technique has been used to study the removal of Hg(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solutions by synthesized and well characterized sodium titanate powder. Adsorptive concentration (10-2-10-8 moldm-3), pH (ca. 3.0-10.0) and temperature (303-333 K) were examined for assessing optimal conditions for removal of these ions. The uptake of Hg(II) and Cr(III) ions, which fitted well for Freundlich isotherm, increased with increase in the temperature and no significant desorption took place in the studied temperature range. The presence of some anions/cations affected the uptake of metal ions markedly. Increasing the He ion concentration (HCl/H2SO4) decreased the removal of these ions. Irradiation of sodium titanate by using a 11.1 GBq (Ra-Be) neutron source having a neutron flux density of 3.9106 cm-2 s-1 and associated with a gamma-dose rate of 1.7 Gy/h and also by using a Gamma cell (4.7 kGy/h) did not influence the extent of adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(III) ions.Keywords: Radioactive-Waste Management, Radiotracer Technique, Manganese-Dioxide, Ferric-Oxide, Adsorption, Mercury, Behavior, Chromium, Exchangers, Sorption, Hg(II), Cr(III), Sodium Titanate, Adsorption, Freundlich Isotherm, Radiation Stability, DesorptionTakahashi, Y., Minai, Y. and Tominaga, T. (1998), Complexation of Eu(III) with humic substances fractionated by coagulation. Radiochimica Acta, 82, 97-102.Abstract: Removal of Eu(III) from the aqueous phase by coagulation of humic acid was examined by batch experiments, where the amount of Eu(III) removed was much greater than that of humic acid at C-s = 0.70 M (C-s: supporting electrolyte concentration). The phenomenon can be explained by the stronger affinity of Eu(III) for the precipitated (or coagulated) fraction of humic acid than for the humic acid fraction remaining in solution. Each humic acid fraction, separated by precipitation, was employed to determine the stability constant of Eu(III)-humate complexes for each fraction. The removal of Eu(III) and each fraction of humic acid by coagulation and adsorption on montmorillonite was also examined. The fraction which coagulated readily was preferentially adsorbed on montmorillonite. These results suggest that the composition of the humic substances in natural aquifers affects the environmental behavior of the metal ions that form stable humate complexes.Keywords: Adsorption, Water, Acids, Humic Acid, Europium(III), Coagulation, Stability Constant, MontmorilloniteWang, L., Maes, A., de Cannière, P. and van der Lee, J. (1998), Sorption of europium on illite (Silver Hill Montana). Radiochimica Acta, 82, 233-237.Abstract: Sorption data of europium on illite were interpreted by a multisite sorption model. The model parameters were derived from the independent titration and sorption experiments. The modelling results demonstrated that the multi-site model combining the Surface Complexation (SC) and the Ion Exchange (IE) mechanisms explains the experimental data well. A significant observation was that the specific sorption, apart from the ion exchange, played an important role on the surface of illite. The acidity constants fitted from the titration data were logK(int)(+) = 5.05 and logK(int)(-) = -7.56 for the positive and negative surfaces respectively. The surface complexation constant of Eu on illite edge sites was determined to be log(Eu)K(int) = 2.13. Selectivity coefficients K-Eu(Na)C measured were not constant but dependent on background sodium concentration. Moreover, a proton exchange reaction on layer sites was postulated to interpret the observed pH dependent sorption in the low pH range.Keywords: Sorption, Europium, Illite, Surface Complexation, Ion Exchange, Oxide-Water Interface, Surface-Ionization, Metal-Ions, Adsorption, Montmorillonite, ComplexationFukuda, T., Nagasaki, S., Satta, H., Tanaka, S., Suzuki, A., Tanaka, T. and Muraoka, S. (1998), Adsorption/desorption of lanthanides on metal oxides interfaces. Radiochimica Acta, 82, 239-242.Abstract: The objective in this work is to obtain information on the adsorption reaction coupled with surface redox reaction by analyzing macroscopic phenomena. The adsorption/desorption behavior as a function of pH of Ce ion contacted on beta-MnO2 is exceptional. At low pH (<4), more Ce was adsorbed on the MnO2 surface than on alpha-FeOOH and gamma-AI2O3. The result indicates the possibility that the adsorption process includes electron transfer from Ce(III) to Mn(IV). The reaction Mn(IV) + 2Ce3+--> Mn2+ + 2Ce(IV) may possibly occur with the consecutive adsorption of Ce(III) on MnO2. Experimental results show that the adsorption process of Ce(III) on beta-MnO2 is composed of a fast and a slow reaction.? Khalid, N., Rahman, A., Ahmad, S., Kiani, S.N. and Ahmed, J. (1998), Adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions on rice husk. Radiochimica Acta, 83 (3), 157-162.Abstract: The adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions on rice husk has been exploited. Physicochemical parameters such as selection of appropriate electrolyte, shaking time, concentration of adsorbent and adsorbate were studied to optimize the conditions in which this material can be utilized as adsorbent. The radiotracer technique was used to determine the distribution of cadmium. Maximum adsorption was observed at 0.01 moldm-3 acid solutions (HNO3, HCl, H2SO4 and HClO4) using 1.0 g of adsorbent for 1.0310-3 moldm-3 cadmium concentration in ten minutes equilibration time. Studies show that the adsorption decreases with the increase in the concentrations of all the acids. The adsorption data follows the Freundlich isotherm over the range of 1.0310-3 to 2.0710-2 moldm-3 cadmium concentration. The characteristic Freundlich constants i.e. 1/n = 0.81±0.05 and A = 2.84±0.07 m molg-1 have been computed for the sorption system. Thermodynamic parameters i.e. Delta G (0), Delta S-0 and Delta H-0 have also been calculated for the system. The sorption process was found to be endothermic.Keywords: Heavy-Metal Ions, Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry, Trace-Elements, Sea-Water, Reductive Precipitation, Efficient Removal, Preconcentration, Enrichment, Separation, Seawater, Adsorption, Cadmium Ions, Removal, Rice HuskHasany, S.M., Saeed, M.M. and Ahmed, M. (1998), Uptake of Cd(II) ions by cadmium sulphide from aqueous solution. Radiochimica Acta, 83 (4), 205-210.Abstract: Tory. The average particle diameter was found to be 42.6 ?m and the surface area was determined to be 190±5 m2g-1. The uptake of Cd(II) onto cadmium sulphide was studied as a function of pH (1-10), concentration (10-4-10-1 M) of hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric and sulphuric acids, shaking time (1-30 min), concentration of cadmium (3.0210-4-1.7710-3 M), amount of solid cadmium sulphide (10-300 mg) and of temperature (293-323 K). Maximum sorption (Rd = 3667 cm3g-1, 97.8%) of cadmium (2.1610-4 M) was observed from 0.01 M sulphuric acid solution, after equilibrating sorbate with the sorbent for five minutes, The sorption data were evaluated and followed by Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R isotherms with correlation factors greater than or equal to 0.99. Langmuir isotherm yields the value of Q = 0.15±0.03 mmole g-1 and of b = (7.95±0.8)104 dm3mole-1. The values of Cm = 0.58±0.05 mmole g-1 and of beta =-0.002792±0.000105 kJ2mole-2 and of E = 13.8±0.26 kJ mole-1 have been computed from Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm. Freundlich isotherm gives the value of maximum sorption capacity of 4.2±0.94 mmole g-1 and of 1/n = 0.36±0.02. The variation of equilibrium constant, K-c, with temperature has shown the value of Delta H =-39.9±5.9 kJ mole-1, Delta S =-93±19 J mole-1 and of Delta G =-12.7 kJ mole-1 at 293 K with a correlation factor (r) of 0.9593. All the cations and anions tested, viz. Tl(I), Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), EDTA, thiourea, Hg(II), oxalate and nitrite, tend to reduce the uptake significantly (less than or equal to 44%). The negative value of Delta H indicates exothermic nature of sorption. The selectivity quotients of different metal ions investigated gave higher values for trivalent Dy, Sm, Pr, Er, Tm, Eu, Fe and divalent Zn with respect to Cd(II) indicating their possible separation from Cd(II), Ag(I) and As(III) which have shown higher affinity for the sorbent.Keywords: Cd(II), Cadmium Sulphide, Sorption, Aqueous Solution, Manganese-Dioxide, Acid-Solutions, Adsorption, Sulfide, Chromium(III), Sorption, OxideHummel, W., Glaus, M.A. and Van Loon, L.R. (1999), Complexation of radionuclides with humic substance: The metal concentration effect. Radiochimica Acta, 84 (2), 111-114.Abstract: A synopsis of experimental data concerning the complexation of radionuclides with humic substance from various laboratories using different experimental methods reveals a consistent pattern of the metal concentration effect: With decreasing radionuclide concentration land all other parameters held constant) an increase in the complexation of the radionuclide with humic substance is observed. The implications of this effect for model calibration and practical applications are discussed.Keywords: Humic Substance, Complexation, Metal Concentration, Performance Assessment, Acid, Neptunium(V), Binding, ModelShahwan, T., Sayan, S., Erten, H.N., Black, L., Hallam, K.R. and Allen, G.C. (2000), Surface spectroscopic studies of Cs+, and Ba2+ sorption on chlorite-illite mixed clay. Radiochimica Acta, 88 (9-11), 681-686.Abstract: The sorption behavior of Cs+, and Ba2+ on natural clay was investigated using ToF-SWIS, XPS, and XRD. The natural clay was composed mainly of chlorite and illite in addition to quartz and calcite. Depth profiling up to 70 Angstrom was performed at 10 Angstrom steps utilizing ToF-SIMS to study the amount of sorbed Cs+ and Ba2+ as a function of depth in the clay matrix. The results suggest that Cs+ and Ba2+ ions were sorbed primarily by ion exchange coupled with hydrolytic sorption. According to ToF-SIMS and XPS results, the total sorbed amount of Ba2+ was larger than that of Cs+. Quantitative determination of the primary cations within the analyzed clay before and after sorption indicated that for Ba2+ sorption, Ca2+, Mg2+ and for Cs+ sorption Ca2+ K+ were the major exchanging ions. The XRD spectra of Ba-sorbed clay contained new peaks that were identified as BaCO3.Keywords: Sorption, Cs+, Ba2+, Chlorite, Illite, Tof-Sims, XPS, XRD, Kaolinite, Magnesite, BehaviorWaite, T.D., Davis, J.A., Fenton, B.R. and Payne, T.E. (2000), Approaches to modelling uranium(VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages. Radiochimica Acta, 88 (9-11), 687-693.Abstract: Component additivity (CA) and generalised composite (GC) approaches to deriving a suitable surface complexation model for description of U(VI) adsorption to natural mineral assemblages are pursued in this paper with good success. A single, ferrihydrite-like component is found to reasonably describe uranyl uptake to a number of kaolinitic iron-rich natural substrates at pH > 4 in the CA approach with previously published information on nature of surface complexes, acid-base properties of surface sites and electrostatic effects used in the model. The GC approach, in which little pre-knowledge about generic surface sites is assumed, gives even better fits and would appear to be a method of particular strength for application in areas such as performance assessment provided the model is developed in a careful, stepwise manner with simplicity and goodness of fit as the major criteria for acceptance.Keywords: Adsorption, Modelling, uranium(VI), Natural Substrates, Surface Complexation, Partition Coefficients, Complexation? Rabung, T., Stumpf, T., Geckeis, H., Klenze, R. and Kim, J.I. (2000), Sorption of Am(III) and Eu(III) onto gamma-alumina: Experiment and modelling. Radiochimica Acta, 88 (9-11), 711-716.Abstract: The present paper describes the surface complexation behaviour of trivalent metal ions, Am(III) and Eu(III), on well characterised gamma-alumina. Experiments are conducted at different pH (4-8) and ionic strength (0.001-0.1 M NaClO4) either in the presence or absence of CO2. By varying the metal ion concentration from 10-9 to 10-4 mol/L, the sorption isotherm is established under each given experimental condition. Different surface complexation models are applied to the experimental results to interpret and appraise the: surface sorption processes under different experimental conditions. A comparison of the present results is made with the Eu(III) sorption onto the hematite mineral surface investigated previously. It has been shown that sorption properties of hematite and gamma-alumina seem to be quite similar. For both systems, a good agreement is found between experimental data and modelling, once using the two site surface complexation model and the same complexation constants for the respective monodentate surface complex. The Eu(III) sorption reaction is additionally studied in-situ by time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). Formation of inner-sphere complexes can be deduced from the emission spectra. The continuous increase of the fluorescence life time with increasing pH starting from pH = 5.0 indicates that surface complexation is accompanied by a decreasing number of hydration water in the first coordination sphere.Keywords: Europium, Americium, Gamma-Alumina, Sorption Isotherms, Surface Complexation Modelling, Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Surface Complexation, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Hydrous Gamma-Al2O3, Adsorption, Cations, Silica, Oxide, Montmorillonite, Precipitation, Hematite? Kilislioglu, A. and Bilgin, B. (2002), Adsorption of uranium on halloysite. Radiochimica Acta, 90 (3), 155-160.Abstract: Adsorption of uranium (U(VI)) from aqueous solutions on halloysite type clay was studied as a function of amount of adsorbent, initial concentration and pH. The values of adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherms, The mean energy of adsorption was calculated as 5.91 kJ/mol from D-R adsorption isotherm. Lagergren and Ban-ham equation has been used for dynamic modelling of process and the rate constants of adsorption of uranium on halloysite type clay were calculated at 293, 313 and 333 K. In order to explain the mechanism of adsorption reaction, the rate constants were calculated at high and low uranium concentrations. Adsorption reaction was studied at 293, 303, 313, 323 and 333 K for halloysite type clay and also thermodynamic constants have been calculated. The results show that the adsorption reaction was endothermic and more spontaneous at high temperature.Keywords: Uranium(VI), Adsorption, Clay, Aqueous Solution, Kinetics, Activated-Charcoal, Aqueous-Solutions, Sorption, Ions? Saeed, M.M., Hasany, S.M. and Ahmed, M. (2002), Rate effected adsorption profile of selenium-thiocyanate complex onto polyurethane foam. Radiochimica Acta, 90 (6), 357-362.Abstract: The sorption of preheated selenium-thiocyanate complexes onto polyurethane (PUR) foam has been studied as a function of equilibration time (1-60min), concentration of selenium (3.8010-4-4.3910-3 M) and amount of PUR foam. Maximum sorption (> 98%) has been achieved from 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution within 20 minutes using 7.25 mg, cm3 PUR foam in the presence of 3.7510-2 M thiocyanate ions. The sorption data have been subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin- Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The Freundlich parameters 1, n = 0.250.02 and of K-F = 1.70.2 mmole g-1, Langmuir constants M = 0.230.01 mmole g-1 and of b = 232 dm3 mmole-1 and of D-R constants, C. = 0.820.04 mmole g-1, P = -0.00320.0002 mole2 kJ-2 and of E = 12.50.2 kJ mole-1 have been evaluated. The kinetic data have been subjected to Morris-Weber, Lagergren and Reichenberg equations and rate constants of intraparticle transport and first order have been computed. Thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy suggest the endothermic and spontaneous adsorption of Se(IV)-SCN complex onto PUR foam at higher temperature. The influence of common anions and cations on the accumulation of selenium-thiocyanate onto PUR foam has been carried out. The possible sorption mechanism has also been discussed.Keywords: Adsorption, Chromatography, Isotherms, Kinetics, Online Detection, Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Polyurethane Foam, Rate Constants, Selenium(IV), Separation, Sorption, Thermodynamics, Traces, WaterTao, Z.Y. and Dong, W.M. (2003), Additivity rule and its application to the sorption of radionuclides on soils. Radiochimica Acta, 91 (5), 299-303.Full Text: R\Rad Act91, 299.pdfAbstract: Previous authors reported that for some sorption systems the overall distribution coefficient (Kd) for a radionuclide or trace element on a mixture of minerals could be predicted from the additivity rule, the distribution coefficients on individual minerals and their mass fractions and that for some sorption systems, deviations from the additivity rule were found. In this paper, the additivity rule and its applicability to soils were analyzed from the theoretical considerations and the nature of soils. It was found that under the simplifying assumptions: 1) reversible and independent sorption reactions, 2) at equilibria of sorption reactions, 3) homogeneous surfaces, 4) insolubility of ion exchangers or sorbents, 5) no new phase formation, and 6) no interactions between individual minerals of the mixture, the additivity rule is formally valid. In practice, because of these crucial assumptions, the nature of soils and the difference in the experimental conditions for the sorption on mixtures and for the sorption on individual minerals, in general, the additivity rule is not applicable to the sorption systems of soils.Ali, B.A., Rashid, F. and Orfi, S.D. (2003), Globule formation of a clay mineral and a rapid method for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste. Radiochimica Acta, 91 (5), 305-308.Full Text: R\Rad Act91, 305.pdfAbstract: A technique has been proposed for the grain formation of a naturally available clay mineral (inorganic sorbent). The clay mineral was processed to form the globules to ease the decontamination of low and intermediate levels of liquid radioactive wastes. The purpose of this study is to develop a new form of inorganic sorbing material in the form of beads for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste originating from different types of nuclear installations. This material in the form of spherical beads can also be used for the immobilization of secondary waste that results as a byproduct from processing of nuclear wastes. As it is a major radiotoxic nuclide present in the nuclear wastes, the sorption of cesium from the low level liquid radioactive waste has been described. The potential utilization of this porous clay as an inexpensive material for the final disposal of radioactive wastes has been suggested.? Lomenech, C., Drot, R. and Simoni, E. (2003), Speciation of uranium(VI) at the solid/solution interface: Sorption modeling on zirconium silicate and zirconium oxide. Radiochimica Acta, 91 (8), 453-461.Full Text: Rad Act91, 453 Abstract: In the field of nuclear waste storage, knowledge of the sorption behavior of radionuclides onto mineral surfaces is of fundamental importance in order to evaluate environmental impacts. We have studied uranyl ion sorption mechanisms onto zirconium silicate and zirconium oxide with a double approach, coupling both macroscopic and structural investigations. The spectroscopic results, reported in a previous paper, allowed a complete determination of the different species involved in the studied sorption reactions. This paper presents the results of the macroscopic part of the study. Surface characterizations of the solids were first carried out: determination of the pH of the point of zero charge, of the surface site densities and of the surface acidity constants. The experimental retention data were then interpreted in terms of a constant capacitance model using the FITEQL code. Results from structural investigation were used to constrain the modeling. This coupled approach led to accurate reactions stoichiometry and associated sorption constants values, since they were determined with respect to different experimental results, both macroscopic and microscopic.Keywords: Sorption, Uranium, Zirconium Silicate, Zirconium Oxide, Modeling, Surface Complexation, Radionuclide Migration, Surface Complexation, Zero Charge, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Phosphate-Compounds, Aqueous-Solution, Water Interface, ZrSiO4, Hydrolysis, Polymorphs? Hasany, S.M., Ahmad, R. and Chaudhary, M.H. (2003), Investigation of sorption of Hg(II) ions onto coconut husk from aqueous solution using radiotracer technique. Radiochimica Acta, 91 (9), 533-538.Full Text: Rad Act91, 533Abstract: The sorption of Hg(II) ions onto coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk has been studied using radiotracer technique. Maximum sorption (96%) of Hg(II) ions (7.39×10-6M) onto sorbent surface is achieved from 10-3 M HNO3 solution in 30 min agitation time using 100 mg of coconut husk. The sorption data follow the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. Sorption capacity (6.840.45 mmol g-1) and sorption energy (10.60.13 mol-1) have been evaluated using these isotherms. Among the ions tested to monitor their influence on the sorption, Ba(II), fluoride and tartarate increased the sorption, while thiosulfate, bromide and thiocyanate reduced (< 63 > 26%) the sorption. The cations K(1), Ce(III), Cr(III), Fe(III) and Zr(IV) partially suppressed the sorption. The variation of sorption with temperature yields thermodynamic parameters H = -37.42 mol-1 S = -10517 J mol-1 K-1 and G = -2.580.05 mol-1 at 298 K. The negative values of enthalpy and free energy reflect the spontaneous and exothermic nature of sorption, respectively. The selectivity studies of sorbent show that the coconut husk column can be used to separate Hg(II) ions from Se(IV), Zn(II), I(I) and Tc (VII). The sorbent has a potential in radiochemistry to separate gamma energies of Hg-203 (279 keV) from Se-75 (265 and 280 keV).Keywords: Hg(II) Ions, Sorption, Coconut Husk, Radiotracer Technique, Sorption Isotherms, Thermodynamics, Polyurethane Foam, Solid-Wastes, Heavy-Metals, Adsorption, Mercury, Removal, Behavior, Carbon? Crancon, P. and van der Lee, J. (2003), Speciation and mobility of uranium(VI) in humic-containing soils. Radiochimica Acta, 91 (11), 673-679.Full Text: Rad Act91, 673 Abstract: Uranium is known to easily form stable complexes with both organic and inorganic ligands in natural aquatic environments. The potential mobility of U(VI), and particularly the role of humic substances, has been investigated for a sandy podzol.Adsorption of U(VI) at equilibrium was experimentally investigated, comparatively for a pure quartz sand as well as a sandy podzolic soil from Landes Gascony, France, containing 0.6 wt. % organic matter. Uranium is strongly retained by the bulk soil, mainly due to organic aggregates (< 50 mum) and organic coatings on quartz grains. A large fraction of U(VI) is found to be associated to humic colloids in soil, thus forming a potential mobile uranium phase. For the soil, the U(VI) adsorption isotherm is linear for relatively low U(VI) total aqueous concentration, ranging from 15 to 40 000 g/L. This indicates that the functional groups of humic matter are far from saturated for aqueous concentrations close to U(VI) solubility in soil pore-water.The speciation of uranium in soil pore water and the interactions between U(VI) species and the reactive sites of the soil material were evaluated using the speciation code CHESS [1]. Comparison between the model and experimental results show that complexation of U(VI) by humic substances tends to immobilise uranium in soils with a pH below 5, when the reactive surface of quartz grains and aggregates are entirely coated by humic matter. In soil pore-water, the presence of mobile organic ligands competing with surface-bound organics for U(VI) complexation must be included in the speciation modelling. Without the mobile organic phase, the model overestimates the actual bound fraction, thus underestimating the actual amount of mobile U(VI).Keywords: Organic-Matter, Contaminant Migration, Mill Tailings, Ground-Water, Sorption, Adsorption, Transport, Retention, Hematite, Thorium? Saeed, M.M. and Ahmed, M. (2004), Adsorption and thermoldynamic studies of Co(II) and Hg(II) on 2-nitroso-1-naphthol immobilized polyurethane foam using radiotracer technique. Radiochimica Acta, 92 (1), 47-54.Full Text: Rad Act92, 47Abstract: The sorption behaviour of Co(II) and Hg(II) on 2-nitroso-1-naphthol loaded polyurethane foam (PUF) was studied. The maximum sorption of 1.810-5 M solution of Co(II) occurred at low pH range 3-7 and that of 3.1110-5 M solution of Hg(II) was sorbed at higher pH range 7-9. The maximum equilibrium was attained within twenty minute shaking time. The adsorption data followed the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms successfully. The Freundlich constants 1/n and K-f for Co(II) are 0.44 and 1.1810-2 mol g-1 and for Hg(II) are 0.38 and 8.6710-4 mol g-1 respectively indicate the surface heterogeneity. The Langmuir constants M and b are 2.610-4 mol g-1 and 4.7104 L g-1 for Co(II) and 2.910-5 mol g-1 and 7.6104 L g-1 for Hg(II) respectively. The sorption free energy (E) evaluated from Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm for Co(II) and Hg(II) are 12.7 kJ mol-1 and 13.13 kJ mol-1 respectively, which indicate the ion exchange type chemisorption of Co(II) and Hg(II) onto 2-nitroso-1-naphthol loaded PUF. The thermodynamics parameters DeltaH, DeltaS and DeltaG have been evaluated. The change in enthalpy (DeltaH) of Co(II) is 74.55 kJ mol-1, indicates the endothermic sorption, while for Hg(II) is -25.28 kJ mol-1, depicts the exothermic sorption. The effect of diverse anions on the sorption of Co(II) and Hg(II) has been studied which revealed that the sorption of Hg(II) was completely masked in the presence of bromide, tartrate, nitrite, EDTA, thiocyanate, cyanide, perchlorate, ascorbate and thiourea, whereas sorption of Co(II) was greatly affected in the presence of oxalate, EDTA, cyanide, citrate and ascorbic acid. The nature of sorption mechanism has been discussed. The 2-nitroso-1-naphthol loaded PUF has potential in radiochemistry to separate Hg-203(II) from Se-75(IV), and Co(II) from Ni(II) metal ions or vice versa.Keywords: Cobalt, Mercury, Adsorption, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Polyurethane Foam, 2-Nitroso-1-Naphthol, Acidic-Solution, Sorption, Mercury, Cobalt, Preconcentration, Methylmercury, Behavior, Complex, Traces, Water? Correa, F.G. and Jimenez-Becerril, J. (2004), Adsorption of 60Co2+ on hydrous manganese oxide powder from aqueous solution. Radiochimica Acta, 92 (2), 105-109.Full Text: Rad Act92, 105.pdfAbstract: Hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) was synthesized and its ability to sorb 60Co2+ from aqueous solution was studied under static conditions as a function of contact time, cobalt concentration (10-2-10-7 M), temperature (303-333 K) and pH of adsorptive solution (2.2-11.4). X-ray diffraction was used in characterization of synthesized HMO. Low concentration of Co-60(2+) solution, high pH and high temperature were the most favorable conditions for the adsorption process. The results show that the removal process is complete in 40 minutes, obeys a first order rate law and can be described using the Freundlich adsorption model. The standard enthalpy of the system was H° = 12.5±0.2 kJ mol-1 and cobalt desorption indicates that the uptake process proceeds via cation exchange. The removal of cobalt ions by HMO appears to be endothermic and irreversible. The values of calculated G° and S° were - 17.0±3.0 kJ mol-1 and (9.8±0.2)10-2 kJ K-1 mol-1 respectively, this indicates spontaneity of the process and the degree of freedom of ions is increased by adsorption.Keywords: Adsorption, Hydrous Manganese Oxide, Co-60(2+), Freundlich Adsorption, Radioactive Waste, Desorption, Sorption, Neptunium(V), Isotopes? Hohn, A., Eichler, R. and Eichler, B. (2004), Investigations on adsorption and transport behaviour of carrier-free silver, gold and platinum in quartz columns under vacuum conditions. Radiochimica Acta, 92 (8), 513-516.Full Text: Rad Act92, 513Abstract: The adsorption enthalpy of silver and gold atoms on fused silica surfaces was measured using vacuum-thermochromatography. Carrier-free silver, gold and platinum nuclides were produced by irradiation of cadmium, lead and mercury targets at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source SINQ, followed by a thermochromatographic separation. For the calculation of the adsorption enthalpy from experimental data a thermodynamic model and a kinetic model (Monte Carlo simulation) were used. Our measurements revealed an adsorption enthalpy of -279 10 kJ/mol for gold, -232 13 kJ/mol for silver and an upper limit of -430 kJ/mol for platinum. These values, determined by the thermodynamic model, are in good agreement with literature values based on the same model. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to demonstrate the influence of temperature and size of quartz columns on the transport of model-isotopes with different half-lives.Keywords: Thermochromatography, Vacuum, Silver, Gold, Monte Carlo Simulation, Adsorption Enthalpy, Rapid Chemical Separations, Thermochromatography, Deposition? Akar, D., Shahwan, T. and Eroglu, A.E. (2005), Kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of strontium ions retention by natural kaolinite and clinoptilolite minerals. Radiochimica Acta, 93 (8), 477-485.Full Text: Rad Act93, 477Abstract: The current study was devoted to the determination of various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters resulting from the fixation of Sr2+ by natural samples of kaolinite and clinoptilolite minerals. The sorption process followed pseudo second order kinetics, with faster sorption on kaolinite compared to clinoptilolite, where the uptake is affected by intraparticle diffusion. Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models described the data more adequately than Langmuir model, and clinoptilolite showed a higher strontium sorption capacity than kaolinite. Thermodynamically, the activation energy of Sr2+ sorption by kaolinite and clinoptilolite were respectively, -8.5 and - 18.4 kJ/mol. The sorption process on both minerals was spontaneous and endothermic at all the studied concentrations, with H° being 11.3 and 9.8 kJ/mol, for sorption on kaolinite and clinoptilolite, respectively. The findings of this study were compared with those of an earlier study on the uptake of Cs+ by the same minerals.Keywords: Sr2+, Sorption, Kaolinite, Clinoptilolite, Ray-Absorption Spectroscopy, Humic-Acid, Sorption, Mordenite, Exchange, Silica, Sr-90, Zeolites, Surfaces, Removal? Omar, H.A., Aziz, M. and Shakir, K. (2007), Adsorption of U(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions onto peat moss. Radiochimica Acta, 95 (1), 17-24.Full Text: Rad Act95, 17Abstract: The adsorption of U(VI) onto peat moss has been studied as a function of uranium concentration, pH, shaking time and ionic strength. The pH and ionic strength of the solution markedly affect the extent of removal. The attainment of equilibrium is fast and the equilibrium data fit well the Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations. A probable mechanism of uptake is discussed. Further studies demonstrate that under optimum conditions peat moss can be used for the treatment of waste solutions containing low concentrations of uranium.Keywords: Peat Moss, Uranium(VI), Actinides, Adsorption, Adsorbents, Natural Adsorbents, Carbonate Solutions, Exchange Properties, Cation-Exchange, Process Streams, Acid-Solutions, Waste-Waters, Heavy-Metals, Uranium, Extraction, Sorption? Chen, C.L., Li, X.L. and Wang, X.K. (2007), Application of oxidized multi-wall carbon nanotubes for Th(IV) adsorption. Radiochimica Acta, 95 (5), 261-266.Full Text: Rad Act95, 261Abstract: Th(IV) adsorption onto oxidized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was carried out at 293 2 K. The effects of MWCNT concentration, pH, and ionic strength were studied. The results showed that Th(IV) adsorption onto oxidized MWCNTs strongly depended on MWCNT concentration and pH, and was weakly dependent on ionic strength. Oxidized MWCNTs showed a higher Th(IV) adsorption capacity than as-grown MWCNTs. The adsorption process followed pseudo second order kinetics. The Freundlich isotherm model described the data better than the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism of Th(IV) may be surface complexation. Oxidized MWCNTs may be a promising candidate for the concentration of Th(IV), or its analogue actinides from large volumes.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Mechanism, Adsorption Process, Aqueous-Solutions, Capacity, Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Complexation, Concentration, Effects, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Hydrogen-Storage, Ionic Strength, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Mechanism, Model, Order, Oxidation Adsorption, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Purification, Raman-Scattering, Removal, Room-Temperature, Second Order, Second Order Kinetics, Sorption, Strength, Surface, Surface Complexation, Thorium(IV), Zinc(II)? Metwally, E., Rahman, R.O.A. and Ayoub, R.R. (2007), Modeling batch kinetics of cesium, cobalt and strontium ions adsorption from aqueous solutions using hydrous titanium oxide. Radiochimica Acta, 95 (7), 409-416.Full Text: Rad Act95, 459Abstract: Hydrous titanium oxide was chemically synthesized and tested as adsorbent material for the removal of cesium, cobalt and strontium ions from chloride waste solutions using batch technique. The influences of pH, contact time, and temperature have been reported. The uptake of both strontium and cobalt ions was found to be greater than that of cesium and the apparent sorption capacity of each ion increases with increase in temperature. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in Gibbs free energy (Delta G(0)), enthalpy (Delta H-0), and entropy (Delta S-0) were calculated. The numerical value of Delta G(0) decreases with an increase in temperature, indicating that the sorption reaction of each ion was more favorable at higher temperature. The positive values of Delta H-0 correspond to the endothermic nature of sorption processes and suggested that chemisorption was the predominant mechanism. Analysis of the respective rate data in accordance with three kinetic models revealed that the homogeneous particle diffusion kinetic model was found to best correlate the experimental rate data. The numerical values of the rate constants and particle diffusion coefficients were determined from the graphical representation of the proposed models. The results indicated that prepared hydrous titanium oxide can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of strontium and cobalt ions from radioactive aqueous wastes.Keywords: Modeling, Sorption, Kinetic, Chloride Solutions, Hydrous Titanium Oxide, Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate, Thin-Films, Sorption, Exchange, Removal, Thermodynamics, Water, Equilibrium, Antimonate, Mechanism? ?zero?lu, C. and Ke?eli, G. (2007), Kinetics of the adsorption of strontium ions by a crosslinked copolymer containing methacrylic acid functional groups. Radiochimica Acta, 95 (8), 459-466.Full Text: Rad Act95, 459.pdfAbstract: The crosslinked copolymers of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) and methacrylic acid (MA) containing different amounts of MA as weight percentage (MA content = 10.00%, 25.00% and 50.00%) were synthesized by using BPO-DMA initiator system at room temperature. Infrared (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the crosslinked copolymers. The crosslinked copolymer containing 25.00% of MA as weight percentage (w/w) was used as adsorbent for the removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution. The effects of parameters including strontium concentration, agitation time, temperature and pH were examined. Kinetics of the adsorption of strontium ions on the copolymer bearing methacrylic acid functional groups from aqueous solution at various initial strontium concentrations was studied. Goodness of experimental results to the Elovich, fractional powder, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models have been examined. The pseudo-second order model provided a high degree of correlation with the experimental data for the adsorption process of strontium ion on the crosslinked copolymer bearing methacrylic acid funtional goups from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Process, Agitation, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solution, Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Concentration, Concentrations, Copolymer, Copolymers, Correlation, Crosslinked, Effects, Elovich, Ethylene, Experimental, Experimental Data, FTIR, Functional, Functional Groups, Groups, Ion, Isotopic Exchange, Kinetic Equations, Metal-Ions, Methacrylic Acid, Model, Models, Order, Parameters, pH, Powder, Preconcentration, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Radioactive-Waste Management, Removal, Room Temperature, Solutions, Sorption, Strontium, Strontium Ion, Temperature, TGA, Time, Unsaturated Polyester, Water? Fan, Q.H., Wu, W.S., Song, X.P., Xu, J.Z., Hu, J. and Niu, Z.W. (2008), Effect of humic acid, fulvic acid, pH and temperature on the sorption-desorption of Th(IV) on attapulgite. Radiochimica Acta, 96 (3), 159-165.Full Text: Rad Act96, 159.pdfAbstract: Sorption of Th(IV) on attapulgite as a function of pH and temperature in the presence and absence of humic acid and fulvic acid was studied under ambient conditions using batch technique. The results indicated that sorption of Th(IV) on attapulgite was strongly affected by pH values. The presence of humic acid and fulvic acid enhanced the sorption of Th(IV) at low pH values and no significant influence was observed at high pH values. Sorption of Th(IV) was mainly dominated by surface complexation. Sorption of Th(IV) increased with increasing temperature of the system. Enthalpy (H°), entropy (S°) and Gibbs free energy (G°) were calculated from the temperature dependent sorption data, and the results indicated that the sorption of Th(IV) on attapulgite was a spontaneous process. The results of sorption and desorption of Th(IV) on HS bound attapulgite indicated that the sorption of Th(IV) on HS-attapulgite hybrids was reversible.Keywords: Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Natural Organic-Matter, Wall Carbon Nanotubes, Ionic-Strength, Humic/Fulvic Acid, Chelating Resin, MX-80 Bentonite, Palygorskite, Gamma-Al2O3, Adsorption? Fan, Q.H., Shao, D.D., Hu, J., Chen, C.L., Wu, W.S. and Wang, X.K. (2008), Adsorption of humic acid and Eu(III) to multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Effect of pH, ionic strength and counterion effect. Radiochimica Acta, 97 (3), 141-148.Full Text: Rad Act97, 141.pdfAbstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have come under intense multidisciplinary study because of their unique physicochemical properties. Understanding adsorptive interactions of simultaneous humic substances (HS) and radionuclides on CNTs is critical to understand the pollution of radionuclides and the assessment of potential impact of CNTs on the behavior of HS and radionuclides. In this paper, the adsorption of humic acid (HA) and Eu(III) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are studied as a function of pH and ionic strength. The results indicate that the adsorption of Eu(III) and HA on MWCNTs is strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength, and the presence of HA enhances Eu(III) adsorption to HA-MWCNT hybrids. The XPS analysis indicates that the functional groups of HA contribute to Eu(III) adsorption to MWCNTs.Keywords: Adsorption, Mwcnts, Eu(III), Humic Acid, XPS, Aqueous-Solution, Macromolecular Structures, XPS, Sorption, Surface? Fan, Q.H., Zhang, M.L., Zhang, Y.Y., Ding, K.F., Yang, Z.Q. and Wu, W.S. (2010), Sorption of Eu(III) and Am(III) on attapulgite: Effect of pH, ionic strength and fulvic acid. Radiochimica Acta, 98 (1), 19-25.Full Text: Rad Act98, 19.pdfAbstract: Sorption of Eu(III) and Am(III) on attapulgite were studied as a function of pH, ionic strength, the liquid-to-solid ratio (V/m), and Eu(III) and Am(III) concentrations under ambient conditions using batch technique. The sorption of Eu(III) and Am(III) was quickly and similar to 4 hours were enough to achieve the sorption equilibrium. The K’ values were 6.57106 g mg-1 h-1 for Eu(III) and 6.67106 g mg-1 h-1 for Am(III), respectively; and q(e) values were 4.4610-7 mg/g for Eu(III) and 110-6 mg/g for Am(III), respectively. Sorption of Eu(III) and Am(III) on attapulgite were strongly affected by pH values, and weakly dependent on ionic strength. Sorption of Eu(III) and Am(Ill) were mainly dominated by surface complexation, although ion exchange also contributed to Eu(III) and Am(III) sorption. In the presence of fulvic acid (FA), the sorption edge of Eu(III) and Am(Ill) was obviously shifted to lower pH. The results showed that the sorption of Eu(III) and Am(III) to attapulgite was enhanced significantly in the range of pH 0.5 to 6.Keywords: Attapulgite, Eu(III), Am(III), Sorption, Fulvic Acid, Surface Complexation, Humic-Acid, Red Earth, Compacted Bentonite, Carbon Nanotubes, Na-Attapulgite, Adsorption, Temperature, Desorption, Th(IV), Radioeuropium? Sheng, G., Hu, J., Jin, H., Yang, S., Ren, X., Li, J., Chen, Y. and Wang, X. (2010), Effect of humic acid, fulvic acid, pH, ionic strength and temperature on 63Ni(II) sorption to MnO2. Radiochimica Acta, 98 (5), 291-299.Full Text: 2010\Rad Act98, 291.PDFAbstract: The effects of pH, ionic strength, temperature, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) on the sorption of radionuclide Ni-63(II) to MnO2 have been investigated by using batch techniques. The results indicated that the sorption of Ni-63(II) on MnO2 is obviously dependent on pH values but independent of ionic strength. The presence of HA/FA strongly enhances the sorption of Ni-63(II) on MnO2 at low pH values, whereas reduces Ni-63(II) sorption at high pH values. The sorption of Ni-63(II) on MnO2 is attributed to inner-sphere surface complexation rather than outer-sphere surface complexation or ion exchange. The diffuse layer model (DLM) is used to simulate the experimental data well with the aid of FITEQL 3.2. The thermodynamic parameters (H°, S°, G°) are also calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms, and the results suggest that the sorption of Ni-63(II) on MnO2 is a spontaneous and endothermic process.Keywords: Ni-63(II), Sorption, MnO2, Humic Acid, Fulvic Acid, Adsorption-Desorption Reversibility, Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance, Oxide-Coated Sand, Aqueous-Solution, Manganese Oxide, Carbon Nanotubes, MX-80 Bentonite, Removal, Ni(II), Equilibrium? Hu, J., Chen, C.L., Sheng, G.D., Ei, J.X., Chen, Y.X. and Wang, X.K. (2010), Adsorption of Sr(II) and Eu(III) on Na-rectorite: Effect of pH, ionic strength, concentration and modelling. Radiochimica Acta, 98 (7), 421-429.Full Text: Rad Act98, 291.pdfAbstract: The surface charge characteristics of Na-rectorite (NaAl4[Si, Al]8O20(OH)4 nH2O) were studied by potentiometric acid-base titrations. Sr(II) and Eu(III) adsorptions on Na-rectorite as a function of pH, ionic strength, and Sr(II)/Eu(III) concentrations were carried out to investigate the surface interactions between Sr(II)/Eu(III) with Na-rectorite. The results indicated that the adsorptions of Sr(II) and Eu(III) on Na-rectorite increased with increasing pH and decreased with increasing ionic strength and initial Sr(II)/Eu(III) concentrations, and that the affinity of Na-rectorite for Eu(III) was much higher than for Sr(II). The experimental data of Sr(II)/Eu(III) adsorption were simulated by the diffuse-layer model (DLM) well with the aid of FITEQL 3.2. Simultaneous adsorptions of Sr(II) and Eu(III) on Na-rectorite were also modeled using the DLM. The adsorption mechanisms of Sr(II) and Eu(III) on Na-rectorite may be dominated by ion exchange interaction at low pH or moderate pH, and by surface complexation interaction at high pH.Keywords: Na-Rectorite, Adsorption, Sr(II), Eu(III), Surface Complexation, Surface Complexation Model, Static Magnetic-Field, Oxide-Water Interface, Mechanistic Description, Ca-Montmorillonite, Zn Sorption, Illite, Minerals, Temperature, Ionization? Dulama, M., Pavelescu, M., Deneanu, N. and Dulama, C.N. (2010), Application of indigenous inorganic sorbents in combination with membrane technology for treatment of radioactive liquid waste from decontamination processes. Radiochimica Acta, 98 (7), 413-420.Full Text: Rad Act98, 413.pdfAbstract: The purpose of the work was to improve the process for treatment of liquid radioactive waste containing complexing agents, which are generated during the decontamination operations. We performed some experiments using simulated waste solutions like secondary waste from the modified CANDEREM process (Canadian Decontamination and Remediation Process) and secondary waste from the modified CANDECON process (Canadian Decontamination Process). To improve efficiency and economics of the process it was proposed to treat the waste by combining the sorption of radionuclides on natural inorganic sorbents (zeolites) with membrane filtration. Standard procedures are applied to compare the sorption of radionuclides on different sorbent forms-determination of the ion exchange capacity, construction of sorption isotherms, determination of the distribution coefficients, and kinetics experiments. To check the influence of converting the sorbents to various cationic forms on their sorption properties, distribution coefficients of Cs-137 and Co-57 on natural zeolites from local deposits converted to NH4+, Na+ or H+ forms were determined. The results obtained show that the distribution coefficients of Cs-137 on the materials converted to Na+ form are higher than for the remaining forms studied [1]. The parameters of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherms have been determined using sorption data. The Dubinin-Radushkevich model shows better correlation between the theoretical and experimental data for Cs-137 sorption on natural zeolites from local deposits converted to NH4+ and H+ forms than Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Kinetic studies were carried out with various zeolite forms. The sorbents studied are natural zeolites from local deposits (Marsid-Romania). The batch sorption kinetics has been tested for pseudo-second order reaction. The pseudo-second order model fits the experimental data well for all of the systems studied.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Batch, Behavior, Capacity, Construction, Correlation, Data, Decontamination, Distribution, Economics, Efficiency, Exchange, Experimental, Experiments, Filtration, Forms, Freundlich, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Capacity, Ion-Exchange, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Liquid, Local, Membrane, Membrane Filtration, Membrane Technology, Model, Modified, Na+, Natural, Natural Zeolites, Procedures, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Purpose, Radioactive Waste Microfiltration, Radionuclides, Remediation, Solutions, Sorbent, Sorbents, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Sorption Kinetics, Sorption Properties, Systems, Technology, Treatment, Ultrafiltration, Waste, Work, Zeolite, Zeolites? Gimenez, J., Martinez-Llado, X., Rovira, M., de Pablo, J., Casas, I., Sureda, R. and Martinez-Esparza, A. (2010), Cesium sorption on studtite (UO2O2 center dot 4H2O). Radiochimica Acta, 98 (8), 479-483.Full Text: Rad Act98, 479.pdfAbstract: One of the mechanisms that may decrease the mobility of cesium released from spent fuel in a high level nuclear waste repository (HLNW) is its sorption onto uranyl-containing alteration phases formed on the spent fuel surface such as studtite (UO2O2 center dot 4H2O). The results obtained in this work show that sorption is a very fast process; cesium in solution is sorbed in less than one hour at pH 5. Sorption as a function of initial concentration in solution was also studied between initial cesium concentrations ranging from 7.6×10-3 mol dm-3 to 1.0×10-3 mol dm-3. The data have been modelled considering a Freundlich isotherm, with K-F and n values of 10±1, and 1.4±0.1, respectively (r2 = 0.998). Sorption is very dependent on ionic strength, suggesting that cesium sorbs onto stucltite by forming an outer-sphere complex involving electrostatic interactions. Sorption is observed to be very low at acidic pH, while relatively high at alkaline pH (i.e., almost 60% of the total cesium concentration in solution is sorbed at pH > 9). The results point to the importance of sorption processes on uranyl alteration phases on the retention of radionuclides.Keywords: Accumulation, Cesium, Concentration, Data, Exchange, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Function, Ionic Strength, Ionic-Strength, Isotherm, Magnetite, Mechanisms, Metastudtite, Mobility, Oxide, Peroxide, pH, Radiochemical Analyses, Radionuclides, Retention, Solution, Sorption, Spent Nuclear-Fuel, Strength, Studtite, Surface, Surface Complexation Models, Uranyl Peroxide, Waste, Work? Polly, R., Schimmelpfennig, B., Rabung, T., Florsheimer, M., Klenze, R. and Geckeis, H. (2010), Quantum chemical study of inner-sphere complexes of trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions on the corundum (0001) surface. Radiochimica Acta, 98 (9-11), 627-634.Full Text: 2010\Rad Act98, 627.pdfAbstract: Sorption of trivalent metal ions onto mineral surfaces is of special relevance in the safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal. In the present quantum chemical study we mainly focused on understanding the interaction of trivalent metal ions (La3+, Eu3+ and Cm3+) with the corundum (0001) the surface. We studied how the structure of the inner-sphere complex at the corundum (0001) surface depends on the deprotonation of the surface and give a prediction for the most likely structure of the inner-sphere complex (bi-, tri- or tetradentate). We approached this question using a cluster model for the surface. By deprotonating the cluster we mimicked a chemical environment at pH values above the point of zero charge. In a first step, we tested the accuracy of Density Functional Theory calculations with the BP86 functional and various basis sets by comparing them with Moller-Plesset perturbation theory of second order on a small chemically similar test system. This is followed by a series of calculations on a large and realistic cluster which is an extended model for the formation of the inner-sphere complex at the corundum (0001) surface. Our calculations predict the highest stability for a species with six water molecules remaining in the first coordination sphere of the metal ions and forming an inner-sphere surface complex attached to three surface oxygen atoms. The formation of the inner-sphere complexes is even more favoured when the coordination takes place via one or two deprotonated surface oxygen atoms.Keywords: Ab Initio, Actinide, Adsorption, Approximate Coulomb Potentials, Auxiliary Basis-Sets, Cm(III) Sorption, Complex, Corundum (0001), Density Functional Theory, Environment, Exafs Spectroscopy, Hydration, Inner-Sphere Complex, Kaolinite, Lanthanide, Metal Ions, Model, Molecules, pH, Quantum Chemical Study, Resolution, Ri-Mp2, Safety, Second-Order, Si, Sorption, Stability, Surfaces, System, Theory, Waste Disposal, WaterTitle: RadiologyFull Journal Title: RadiologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorWong, K.T., Antonio, G.E., Hui, D.S.C., Lee, N., Yuen, E.H.Y., Wu, A., Leung, C.B., Rainer, T.H., Cameron, P., Chung, S.S.C., Sung, J.J.Y. and Ahuja, A.T. (2003), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Radiographic Appearances and Pattern of Progression in 138 Patients. Radiology, May, 228203059.Full Text: R\Radiology May, 228203059.pdfAbstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the radiographic appearances and pattern of progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).MATERIALS and METHODS: Chest radiographs obtained at clinical presentation and during treatment in 138 patients with confirmed SARS (66 men, 72 women; mean age, 39 years; age range, 20–83 years) were assessed. Radiographic appearances of pulmonary parenchymal abnormality, distribution, and extent of involvement on initial chest radiographs were documented. Recognizable patterns of radiographic progression were determined by comparing the overall mean percentage of lung involvement for each patient on serial radiographs.RESULTS: Initial chest radiographs were abnormal in 108 of 138 (78.3%) patients and showed air-space opacity. Lower lung zone (70 of 108, 64.8%) and right lung (82 of 108, 75.9%) were more commonly involved. In most patients, peripheral lung involvement was more common (81 of 108, 75.0%). Unifocal involvement (59 of 108, 54.6%) was more common than multifocal or bilateral involvement. No cavitation, lymphadenopathy, or pleural effusion was demonstrated. Four patterns of radiographic progression were recognized: type 1 (initial radiographic deterioration to peak level followed by radiographic improvement) in 97 of 138 patients (70.3%), type 2 (fluctuating radiographic changes) in 24 patients (17.4%), type 3 (static radiographic appearance) in 10 patients (7.3%), and type 4 (progressive radiographic deterioration) in seven patients (5.1%). Initial focal air-space opacity in 44 of 59 patients (74.6%) progressed to unilateral multifocal or bilateral involvement during treatment.CONCLUSION: Predominant peripheral location; common progression pattern from unilateral focal air-space opacity to unilateral multifocal or bilateral involvement during treatment; and lack of cavitation, lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusion are the more distinctive radiographic findings of SARS.Wong, K.T., Antonio, G.E., Hui, D.S.C., Lee, N., Yuen, E.H.Y., Wu, A., Leung, C.B., Rainer, T.H., Cameron, P., Chung, S.S.C., Sung, J.J.Y. and Ahuja, A.T. (2003), Thin-section CT of severe acute respiratory syndrome: Evaluation of 73 patients exposed to or with the disease. Radiology, May, 228303054.Full Text: R\Radiology May, 228303054.pdfAbstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze the thin-section computed tomographic (CT) features in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) at the authors’ institution.MATERIALS and METHODS: From March 11, 2003, to April 2, 2003, 74 patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of SARS underwent CT of the thorax; all underwent thin-section CT except for one patient who underwent conventional CT. Group 1 (n = 23) patients had symptoms of SARS in keeping with criteria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and a positive chest radiograph. Group 2 (n = 17) patients had a high clinical suspicion of SARS but a normal radiograph. Group 3 (n = 34) patients had minor symptoms and a normal chest radiograph. The thin-section CT images were analyzed for ground-glass opacification or consolidation, lesion size in each lung segment, peripheral or central location, interstitial thickening, and other abnormalities.RESULTS: Thin-section CT scans were abnormal only for patients in groups 1 and 2. The patient with only conventional CT scans was in group 3; scans for group 3 patients were normal. Affected segments were predominantly in the lower lobes (91 of 149 affected segments). Common findings included ground-glass opacification, sometimes with consolidation, and interlobular septal and intralobular interstitial thickening. The size of each lesion and the total number of segments involved were smaller in group 2 patients. A majority of patients in group 1 (14 of 23) had mixed central and peripheral lesions. In group 2, however, peripheral lesions were more common (10 of 17). In both groups, a purely central lesion was uncommon (one of 23 in group 1 and two of 17 in group 2).CONCLUSION: Common thin-section CT features of SARS are ground-glass opacification and lower lobe and peripheral distribution.? Miguel-Dasit, A., Marti-Bonmati, L., Aleixandre, R., Sanfeliu, P. and Bautista, D. (2006), Publication of material presented at radiologic meetings: Authors’ country and international collaboration. Radiology, 239 (2), 521-528.Abstract: Purpose: To estimate the influence of the authors’ country and collaboration on the probability of subsequent full publication of material from oral presentations at the 2000 European Congress of Radiology (ECR). Materials and Methods: After searching the Medline database for articles published between 2000 and 2003, all articles that originated from presentations at the ECR in 2000 and were published in journals indexed in the Journal Citation Report were evaluated. Relative likelihood of full publication depending on the country in which an abstract originated was compared with that of Austria, which is the host country of the ECR. The X-2 test was used to compare publication rates according to country of origin and collaboration. The median and interquartile range of the impact factor of publications according to country of origin and collaboration in the abstract were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The percentage of articles published in journals ranked in the top quartile (top 25% of journals according to impact factor) was calculated. Results: Of 1020 presentations, 403 articles (39%) with significant (P <.001) variations according to country of origin were identified. Studies originating from the United States had the highest percentage of full publication (62%; relative likelihood, 1.41), median impact factor (4.5), and percentage of articles in the top quartile (54%). Radiology was the top quartile journal, with the most articles published (60%). Impact factor differed according to country of origin (P <.001). Abstracts submitted with collaboration between (a) European countries and countries outside of Europe (other than the United States) and (b) different European countries had the highest publication rates (83% and 52%, respectively; P = .03). Conclusion: The country of origin of an abstract was useful in predicting the chances of full publication of the abstract, with the United States having the highest publication rate. Authors were more likely to publish an article if it had been prepared with international collaboration. (c) RSNA, 2006.Keywords: Abstracts, Austria, Authors, Bias, Cardiology, Citation, Clinical Research, Collaboration, Congress, Country, Country of Origin, Database, Europe, Host, Impact, Impact Factor, Influence, International, Journal, Journals, Meetings, Oral, Origin, P, Publication, Publication Rate, Publication Rates, Publications, Rates, Society, Subsequent Publication, United States? Krestin, G.P. (2008), Evaluating the quality of radiology research: What are the rules of the game? Radiology, 249 (2), 418-424.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Departments, Impact Factor, Innovation, Performance, Research, Science, Scientific-ResearchTitle: Radiol Health Data Repy(Radiol. Health Data Rep.)? (1968), Drinking water analysis program, 1961-1966. Radiol Health Data Rep, 9 (8), 442-448.Title: Rae-Revista de Administracao de EmpresasFull Journal Title: Rae-Revista de Administracao de EmpresasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Francisco, E.D. (2011), Rae-Eletronica: Exploration of archive in the light of bibliometrics, geoanalysis and social network. Rae-Revista de Administracao de Empresas, 51 (3), 280-306.Full Text: 2011\Rae-Rev Adm Emp51, 280.pdfAbstract: This study explores the entire archive of RAE-eletronica, consisting of 240 articles in 18 editions, from 2002 to 2010, using techniques of bibliometrics, social network analysis and geographic analysis. It analyzes the content, involving titles, keywords, summary and body of texts; collaboration between authors and institutions; most influential journals and conferences, and citations and self-citations involving authorship and references. It concludes that the RAE-eletronica collection largely reflects the characteristics of the universe of recent academic administration production in Brazil, due to the greater influence of RAE and international journals, and Anpad conferences. Highlights are FGV-EAESP, USP and UFRGS as the most influential institutions of the collection. Terms like “company”, “organization” and “work” are among the most mentioned in the texts, while “management” is the most frequent keyword. The combined use of the techniques explored in this article leverages its appropriation to other sets of articles and scientific fields.Keywords: Authors, Authorship, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Citations, Co-Authorships, Collaboration, Geographic Analysis, Journals, Rae-Eletronica, Social Network AnalysisTitle: Rand Journal of EconomicsFull Journal Title: Rand Journal of EconomicsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Hall, B.H., Jaffe, A. and Trajtenberg, M. (2005), Market value and patent citations. Rand Journal of Economics, 36 (1), 16-38.Full Text: 2005\Rad Onc36, 16.pdfAbstract: We explore the usefulness of patent citations as a measure of the “importance” of a firm’s patents, as indicated by the stock market valuation of the firm’s intangible stock of knowledge. Using patents and citations for 1963-1995, we estimate Tobin’s q equations on the ratios of R&D to assets stocks, patents to R&D, and citations to patents. We find that each ratio significantly affects market value, with an extra citation per patent boosting market value by 3%. Further findings indicate that “unpredictable” citations have a stronger effect than the predictable portion, and that self-citations are more valuable than external citations.Keywords: Research-and-Development, Opportunity, Indicators, Inventions, Spillovers, Innovation, Output, Firms, PanelTitle: RangelandsFull Journal Title: RangelandsISO Abbreviated Title: RangelandsJCR Abbreviated Title: RangelandsISSN: 0190-0528Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Botello, A., Cabezas, J., Pulgarín, A. and Escudero, J.C. (1998), A bibliometric analysis of worldwide publications on scrub. Rangelands, 20 (2), 19-23.Full Text: 1998\Rangelands20, 19.pdfAbstract: In the period 1985-94, the total output of scientific papers on scrub was about 140 papers/year, with any apparent decline considered due to a lag in updating of some databases. 80% of the items were journal articles, with 86% of items representing the only published work of the author. The literature was published in a wide variety of journals with most papers published in English, followed by Spanish.Title: Rapid Communications in Mass SpectrometryFull Journal Title: Rapid Communications in Mass SpectrometryISO Abbreviated Title: Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rapid Commun Mass SpectromISSN: 0951-4198Issues/Year: 15Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: John Wiley & Sons LtdPublisher Address: Baffins Lane Chichester, W Sussex PO19 1UD, EnglandSubject Categories: Chemistry, Analytical: Impact FactorSpectroscopy: Impact FactorZimmermann, R., Heger, H.J., Kettrup, A. and Boesl, U. (1997), A mobile resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry device for on-line analysis of aromatic pollutants in waste incinerator flue gases: First results. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 11 (10), 1095-1102.Full Text: R\Rap Com Mas Spe11, 1095.pdfBocchini, P., Pozzi, R., Andalò, C. and Galletti, G.C. (1999), Membrane inlet mass spectrometry of volatile organohalogen compounds in drinking water. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 13 (20), 2049-2053.Full Text: R\Rap Com Mas Spe13, 2049.pdfAbstract: The analysis of organic pollutants in drinking water is a topic of wide interest, reflecting on public health and life quality. Many different methodologies have been developed and are currently employed in this context, but they often require a time-consuming sample pre-treatment. This step affects the recovery of the highly volatile compounds. Trace analysis of volatile organic pollutants in water can be performed ‘on-line’ by membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). In MIMS, the sample is separated from the vacuum of the mass spectrometer by a thin polymeric hollow-fibre membrane. Gases and organic volatile compounds diffuse and concentrate from the sample into the hollow-fibre membrane, and from there into the mass spectrometer. The main advantages of the technique are that no pre-treatment of samples before analysis is needed and that it has fast response times and on-line monitoring capabilities. This paper reports the set-up of the analytical conditions for the analysis of volatile organohalogen compounds (chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride). Linearity of response, repeatability, detection limits, and spectra quality are evaluated. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Title: Rapport. Commission International Pour la Mer Mediterranee (France)(Rapp. Comm.Int. Mer. Mediter.)? Plav?c, M. and Branica, M. (1985), Competition of Cu, Pb and Cd in metal complexing capacity measurements of seawater. Rapport. Commission International Pour la Mer Mediterranee (France), 29, 119-120.Title: Rare Metal Materials and EngineeringFull Journal Title: Rare Metal Materials and EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1002-185XIssues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? He, C.G., Liao, Y., Liao, X.P. and Zhao, S.L. (2006), Study on adsorption property of rare earth elements by myrtan tannins immodilized on collagen fiber. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 35 (12), 1928-1931.Full Text: 2006\Rar Met Mat Eng35, 1928.pdfAbstract: The immobilized myrtan tannins (IMT) based on collagen fiber was prepared through aldehyde cross-linking reaction. The adsorption property to Pr3+ Nd3+ was studied in this paper. Experiments show that the adsorbents adsorption equilibrium to Pr3+ and Nd3+ is affected by temperature and pH value. In the range of 293 K similar to 323 K, the adsorption capacity of the novel adsorbents to Pr3+ and Nd3+ increases with increasing of temperature. When the temperature is over 323 K, the adsorption capacity decreases rapidly. In pH range of 3.5 similar to 5.0, the adsorption capacity increases with increasing of pH value. While pH >= 5.0, the adsorption capacity decreases. In the pH range of 5.0 similar to 5.5, the adsorption capacity of Nd3+ is twice higher than that of Pr3+. The adsorption kinetics data are well fitted by pseudo-second-order rate model, and the equilirium adsorption capacities calculated by pseudo-second-order rate model are nearly as same as the data actually determined with error < 6%.Keywords: Immobilized Myrtan Tannins, Adsorption, Pr3+ and Nd3+, Property, Equilibrium, Ions? Lin, J.X., Zhan, S.L., Fang, M.H. and Qian, X.Q. (2008), Study on the adsorption of dyes using diatomite and activated carbon. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 37, 682-685.Full Text: 2008\Rar Met Mat Eng37, 682.pdfAbstract: Batch experiments were carried out for comparing the adsorption capability of 1 cationic dye and 2 anionic dyes onto diatomite, Mg(OH)2-modified diatomite and activated carbon. The BET surface area analysis showed that the modification of diatomite slightly increased its surface area while decreased its average pore diameter. The dye adsorption results indicated that the modification of diatomite increased its adsorption capacity for the anionic dyes, Telon red (T) and Ramazol golden yellow (RGY). The adsorption capacity of modified diatomite for TR was higher than that of activated carbon while lower for RGY and Methylene blue than that of activated carbon. 2 kinetics models, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, were then used to study the adsorption kinetics. It was found that the kinetics of adsorption could be better described with the pseudo-second-order model for the modified diatomite and activated carbon.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Analysis, Anionic Dyes, BET, BET Surface Area, Capacity, Carbon, Cationic Dye, Diatomite, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dyes, Experiments, Kinetics, Kinetics Models, Kinetics of Adsorption, Methylene Blue, Model, Models, Modification, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First Order and Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Surface Area, Textile Wastewater? Zhang, D., Yuan, Z.G., Guan, X. and Zhang, W.J. (2009), Preparation of strontium-barium titanate based on glass fiber filter and its adsorption behavior for cadmium ion. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 38 (12), 2207-2211.Full Text: 2009\Rar Met Mat Eng38, 2207.pdfAbstract: Strontium-barium titanate based on glass fiber filter (BBST) was prepared by the citrate acid complex sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). The adsorption behavior of BBST for cadmium ion in distilled water was investigated. The results show that the strontium-barium titanate could bond with glass fiber filter through Si-O-Ti and B-O-Ti bonding to produce a new sort of porous block adsorbent. The cadmium ion could be quantitatively retained in the medium with pH value range of 4-8, and the capacity of adsorption was 9.8 mg.g(-1). The adsorption behavior followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and HO pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The enthalpy changes (ΔH) of the adsorption process was 17.241 kJ.mol-1. At various temperatures, Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG) were negative, and entropy changes (ΔS) were positive. These showed that the adsorption of cadmium ion by BBST was endothermic and spontaneous physical process.Keywords: Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherm Model, Behavior, Cadmium, Cadmium Ion, Capacity, Changes, Citrate, Dithizone, Endothermic, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Fiber, Freundlich, Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm, FT-IR, FTIR, Gibbs Free Energy, Glass, Glass Fiber Filter, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Equation, Lead-Ion, Model, pH, pH Value, Physical, Powder, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Equation, Range, SEM, Sol-Gel, Strontium-Barium Titanate, Value, Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD? Tong, P.J., Liao, Y., Li, R.Z., Cao, F., Zhao, S.L., Yang, L.L. and Peng, L.Q. (2011), Adsorption property of in situ immobilized black wattle tannin to La3+, Pr3+ and Nd3+. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 40 (2), 269-274.Full Text: 2011\Rar Met Mat Eng40, 269.pdfAbstract: A new kind of adsorbent was prepared from the bark of black wattle being rich of tannin; furthermore, the cross-linking reaction of formaldehyde was used to immobilize tannin in situ to get the adsorbent. The adsorption property of this new adsorbent to ions of light rare earth such as La3+, Pr3+ and Nd3+ (RE3+) in aqueous solution was investigated. Results show that the optimum pH value of this adsorbent to La3+ is about 5.0, while the optimum value of Pr3+ and Nd3+ is about 5.5. The equilibrium adsorption capacity will decline significantly when the pH value of reaction system is changed from the optimum pH value. Compared with the effect of pH value, the influence of the temperature on the equilibrium adsorption capacity is weaker, and at 303 K the equilibrium adsorption capacity of this adsorbent to RE3+ is optimal. At 303 K and the optimum pH value, when the initial concentration of RE3+ solution is 5.0 mmol.L-1 and the dosage of adsorbent is 0.10 g, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of this adsorbent to La3+, Pr3+ and Nd3+ are 217.26, 228.56 and 329.76 mg.g-1, respectively. The adsorption isotherm can be described by the Freundlich equation. This adsorption kinetics data of this adsorbent to RE3+ is fitted with the pseudo-second-order rate model well and the equilibrium adsorption capacities calculated by the model are consistent with the experimental data with the warps in 7 %.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Collagen Fiber, Equilibrium, Freundlich, In Situ Immobilized Black Wattle Tannin, Ions of Light Rare Earth, Isotherm, Kinetics, pH, Rare-Earth-ElementsTitle: Rare MetalsFull Journal Title: Rare MetalsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1001-0521Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Zhou, H.L., Li, D.Y., Tian, Y.J. and Chen, Y.F. (2008), Extraction of scandium from red mud by modified activated carbon and kinetics study. Rare Metals, 27 (3), 223-227.Full Text: 2008\Rar Met27, 223.pdfAbstract: Activated carbon (AC) was modified by tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) for selectively extracting scandium, from red mud and characterized by BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area. The modified AC had a preferential adsorption to scandium. The influences of adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, and time on adsorption capacity and selectivity to scandium were examined. An optimum adsorbent dosage (similar to 6.25 g/L), adsorption temperature (308 K), and adsorption time (40 min) were figured out. A pseudo-second-order kinetics model was employed for describing the adsorption process of scandium.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, BET, Capacity, Carbon, Kinetics, Kinetics Model, Model, Modified Activated Carbon, Phosphate, Preferential Adsorption, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Recovery, Red Mud, Scandium, Surface Area, Temperature? Zhang, L., Zhu, Y., Li, H.M., Liu, N., Liu, X.Y. and Guo, X.J. (2010), Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of gallium(III) on nano-TiO2. Rare Metals, 29 (1), 16-20.Full Text: 2010\Rar Met 29, 16.pdfAbstract: Nano-TiO2 was employed for the adsorption of gallium from aqueous solution in batch equilibrium experiments to investigate its adsorption properties. It was found that the adsorption efficiency of Ga(III) was more than 96% at pH 3.0. The adsorption capacities and rates of Ga(III) onto nano-TiO2 were evaluated as a function of solution concentration and temperature. The results were analyzed using the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Adsorption isothermal data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model. The mean energy of adsorption, 15.81 kJ . mol-1, was calculated from the D-R adsorption isotherm. The kinetic experimental data properly correlate with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters for the process of adsorption have been estimated. The ΔH-(sic) and ΔG((sic)) values of gallium(III) adsorption on nano-TiO2 showed an endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Properties, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Concentration, Data, Efficiency, Endothermic, Energy, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Function, Gallium(III), Indium(III), Ions, Isotherm, Isothermal, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Model, Nano-TiO2, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Rates, Removal, Separation, Solution, Solvent-Extraction, Sorption, Temperature, Thallium(III), Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamic Studies, ThermodynamicsTitle: Ra-Revista de ArquitecturaFull Journal Title: Ra-Revista de ArquitecturaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1138-5596Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Mingo, J.T. (2008), 10 Issues of Ra, Revista de Arquitectura. Ra-Revista de Arquitectura, 10, 3-??.Abstract: With this issue Ra, Revista de Arquitectura reaches its first 10. It is an appropriate moment, despite such a short history, to look back briefly. It is not about a celebration, nor a self-gratifying examination -this new issue adds nothing to the editorial line taken then, but rather serves to thank and recognise all those people who have contributed, for the great effort which it takes to create an academic journal of these characteristics in the immense publishing panorama that surrounds us. As the habitual lyrics sung and popularized by the group “Golpes Bajos”, “bad time for poetry”, that one must remember is the title of a poem by Bertold Brecht, (an expression that the Royal Academy of Language (RAE), already includes in the dictionary to explain the adjective “bad”). and it is not precisely the publications that try to bring to their pages architecture of thought, debate, or reflection, those that fill the bookcases of the bookstores. This is not a pessimistic vision, as is the poem of Brecht, rather the contrary. It seems pertinent to recover here the encouraging words of Fritz Neumeyer (Ra 6, 2004) who asserted that architecture does not truly exist for those architects obsessed with image, or objects, or intoxicated with space. Only those for whom architecture is familiar, and not alien, and who do not fall into presumptions or into sensitive aesthetics, are able to have a world view through architecture. To contribute to this effort is more than sufficient. Not long ago, a good friend of Ra, who still, paradoxically, has not published any article, vehemently encouraged us to continue, though against the grain, on this path. The first issue of the magazine was published in February of 1997 as an inseparable supplement to another one, Re, Revista de Edificacion. Re was already established, and then had reached 24 issues and at present have 36. Jose Luque Valdivia (1, 1997) and Jose Manuel Pozo (2, 1998) both coordinated the first issues. Inigo Beguiristain, under the guidance of an editorial board formed by Miguel Angel Alonso del Val, Juan M. Ochotorena and Jose Manuel Pozo, to which Mariano Gonzalez Presencio joined shortly thereafter, coordinated the next two issues (3, 1999/4, 2000). Laura Martinez de Guerenu took over the coordination of the following issue (5, 2003). Starting with issue 7, published in 2005, Maristella Casciato, Luis Fernandez Galiano, Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani, Jorge F Liernur, Carlos Montes Serrano, Stanislaus von Moos, Jose Antonio Ruiz de la Rosa and Carlos Sambricio joined the original editorial board, forming in this way a more extensive scientific commission of international reach. Since 2006, Ra is member of FAST-IP, Federation of Architectural Studies Independent Publications, a federation of non-profit academic journals, of which Future Anterior (GSAPP, Columbia University), Thresholds (Department of Architecture, MIT) and Springerin, a magazine of art and culture published in Vienna, are also members. In addition, this path has allowed its indexing, first in 2005 in the Avery Index for Architectural Periodicals, and recently, since 2007, in the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI). Both are benchmark data bases in their fields. and Ra is, at the moment, the only indexed Spanish journal of architecture of the 29 in A&HCI, along with prestigious, recognised journals with a long history such as L Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, Architectural Record, Architectural Design, Journal of Architectural Education, Lotus, A+U, .. among others. We must also recognise the work of Igone Santesteban, Elena Pena, Ana Gozalo, Izaskun Garcia Ederra, and of all the architecture student collaborators who have spent time to prepare editions of the journal. Ra began in 1997 with an editorial, the only one until now, signed by Juan Miguel Otxotorena, Dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Navarre, where the opportunities were explained, as well as the benefit of the birth of the new supplement. That text, we can say, is still totally valid today, and also printed on the flap of the cover: “Ra aspires, from here, to build an apt forum for the expression of the results of academic study and debate in relation to the diverse areas of interest in architecture and the city typical of the university vision: understanding them as cultural realities of unquestionable importance and impact and an object of careful attention, study and research. Ra seeks to serve as a channel, in particular, for the intellectual production of the departments of Theory and History, Urban Planning and Architectural Projects, although from the beginning it has been open to articles and collaborations from other professional and educational institutions. and it seeks to enhance that one perception of architecture that does not lose sight of its cultural dimension, in the widest sense of the word, the only limitation being to avoid fully descending to the publication of projects and current work in the area of design and built projects, more suitable to other publishing circles and thoroughly covered by so many other accredited, experienced and solvent magazines”. Indeed, in these 10 issues the journal has published articles from the research of the departments of Theory and History, Urban Planning and Projects at the School of Architecture at the University of Navarre (ETSAUN), and have had collaborations from researchers worldwide, some of whom have also been in the classrooms of the School. It would not be right to name here some, considering them more relevant, while forgetting so many others. At the end of this issue we provide the indexes that testify to the wide and diverse origin of all of them. Equally, the commitment to the heterogeneity of the subjects, avoiding therefore a monograph, has been fully conscious and consistent, considering it to be the best way to reflect the cultural dimension and, in a certain sense, the unorthodoxy of architecture, if we understand this as a revitalising factor and constructive value. In this issue number 10, we offer the Spanish version of “The Status of Man and His Objects: A Reading of The Human Condition” by Kenneth Frampton, given in the book that takes the title precisely from the content of the article “Labour, Work and Architecture: collected essays on architecture and design”, (Phaidon Press, London & New York, 2002). Although published originally in 1979, Frampton supervised and revised in detail the original text with Carlos Naya in attendance, selecting, in addition the images that accompany it. In “The Status of Man and His Objects: A Reading of The Human Condition”, Frampton takes as a point departure the concepts of work and tabour, public and private, that come from the reading of the well-known text by Hannah Arendt, to define the situation of architecture in the contemporary society. Ruben A. Alcolea Rodriguez, on the other hand, in “From the city to compressed air Genesis of the modern photography of architecture”, demonstrates the original, close relations between photography and architecture since the discovery of the new technique in the mid-19th century. and how photography and photographers, even better than the actual architects, after portraying the city, were able to take a better reading of modern architecture with the exhibition “Film und Foto”, organised by the German Werkbund in 1929. Luis Rojo de Castro offers a “personal reflection, free and unorthodox” about one of the trips, rather the drawings made on the trip (or redone later) by Le Corbusier, a long voyage that in 1929 would take him to South American soil and that many authors consider to be a decisive point of reflection in his theories. In “[Ideograms]. Precisions on “precisions”‘, the relationship between critical thought and the projects of the master is established from some of these drawings, full of meaning beyond the immediate or evident. Francisco Gonzilez de Canales develops in “Experiments with oneself. 1937-1959” the concept of domestic self-experimentation from the voluntary or involuntary exile of architects and artists in the middle of the last century. Some noteworthy examples, or rather pretexts are: Casa de Isla Negra by Pablo Neruda and Germin Rodriguez Arias, an exiled Spanish architect; the cabin in the middle of the Swedish forest, The Box, by Ralph Erskine; Eames House in Los Angeles; the self-built house in Sedona by Max Ernst; the Malaparte house by Adalberto Libera; the glass house by Lina Bo and Pietro M. Bardi in Sao Paulo; the house in El Pedregal by Juan O’Gorman; the also self-built house in Castlecrag by Ruth and Wilfried Lucas; and the Smithson house in Fonthill. Francisco Gomez Diaz brings us the biography and work of the exiled San Sebastian architect in Cuba, Martin Dominguez Esteban. The article “Martin Dominguez Esteban. The work of an exiled Spanish architect in Cuba” should have been part of the presentations at the VIth International Congress “History of Modern Spanish Architecture” (T6 Ediciones, 2008). In any case, the more than remarkable work of an architect who, for some of the reasons that are detailed, and until more or less recently, had gone relatively unnoticed in the history of modern Spanish architecture, is presented here. In “Two fragments of OTAYSA in the Universidad Laboral of Seville: five gymnasiums and a dying workshop”, Jose Joaquin Parra Banon thoroughly dissects the gymnasiums and a workshop in the group of educational buildings projected at the beginning of the 50s by the Oficina Tecnica de Arquitectura e Ingenieria (OTAYSA), formed by the brothers Felipe and Rodrigo Medina Benjumea, Alfonso Toro Buiza and Luis Gomez Estern, for the Universiclad Laboral of Seville. Original and recent photographs, along with original and redrawn plans, accompany the story, at times stormy, of the use and also the abandonment of this proposal, faithful to the ideas of the Modern Movement. Finally, Jose Manuel Pozo, writes “The opportunity of a Congress: reflections of a scissors”, an article on the last Congress, “History of Modern Spanish Architecture”, the VIth edition, which took place in March of 2008 under the title “Crossed Glances: exchanges between Latin America and Spain in Modern Spanish Architecture” in which recognised researchers on both sides of the Atlantic participated. Roberto Segre, Jorge F. Liernur, Carlos Ferreira Martins, Fernando Perez de Oyarzun. Enrique X. de Anda Alanis, Helio Pinon, Alberto Sato, Javier Martinez and Federico Deambrosis gave the main presentations at the congress, along with a dozen papers and a hundred attendees. There the glances exchanged between Spain and Latin America, architecture and exiled Spanish architects and the role played by Latin American editorials were presented and debated mainly. Finally, the indexes of all the articles and their published authors are included, 10 issues to date. To all, thank you very much.Keywords: Academic, Air, America, American, Architecture, Art, Attention, Authors, Biography, Birth, Characteristics, Citation, Collaborations, Commitment, Coordination, Cuba, Cultural, Culture, Data, Design, Discovery, Dying, El, Examination, Expression, Familiar, First, Forest, Glass, Group, Guidance, Heterogeneity, History, Image, Impact, Indexing, Institutions, International, Journal, Journals, Jun, Latin America, Latin American, Limitation, Los Angeles, Meaning, New York, Open, Origin, Papers, Perception, Production, Public, Publication, Publications, Publishing, Rae, Reading, Reflection, Relations, Research, Right, Role, Society, Soil, South American, Space, Spain, Spanish, Student, Understanding, University, Value, Version, Work, WorldTitle: Rates of Chemical Weathering of Rocks and MineralsAcademic Press, New York, Orlando, San Diego, Austin, London, Montreal, Sydney, Tokoy and TorontoGrandstaff, D.E. (1986), The dissolution rate of forsteritic olivine from Hawaiian beach sand. in Rates of Chemical Weathering of Rocks and Minerals, (Edited by Colman, S.M. and Dethier, D.P.), Academic Press, New York, Orlando, San Diego, Austin, London, Montreal, Sydney, Tokoy and Toronto, 41-59.Title: Rates of Soil Chemical ProcessesSoil Science Society of America, SSSA Sepcial Publication 27, Madison, WISSSA Sepc. Publ. 27. SSSA, Madison, WIAharoni, C. and Sparks, D.L. (1991), Kinetics of soil chemical reactions: A theoretical treatment. in Rates of Soil Chemical Processes, (Edited by Sparks, D.L. and Suárez, D.L.), Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 1-18.? Aharoni, M.C. (1991), Methods of obtaining and analyzing kinetic data. in Rates of Soil Chemical Processes, (Edited by Sparks, D.L. and Suarez, D.L.), Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, Chepter 2.Title: R & D ManagementFull Journal Title: R & D ManagementISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1004-8308Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Zhang, J.H., Hu, X.Y., Liu, X., Liu, X.L. and Hu, G.L. (2001), Composite index evaluation method and bibliometric index of S & T documents: Statistical comparison of S & T documents in high institutions. R & D Management, 13 (2), 57-63.Full Text: 2001\R & D Man13, 57.pdfAbstract: Journal Evaluation indexes come from the statistic data of all the documents in the journal, so the composite index, which is the quality, index of the journal, can be used as the average index of papers in the journal, and can reflect the quality level of S&T documents.Keywords: Composite Index, Quantitative Evaluation, Bibliometric Index of S & T Documents? Zhao, X.N. and Jia, J.F. (2007), The performance evaluation method and empirical research on construction of research universities of China: Based on the view of comparative advantage characteristics. R & D Management, 19 (6), 108-115.Full Text: 2007\R & D Man19, 108.pdfAbstract: It puts forward a new performance evaluation method, with which comparative advantage characteristics of different organizations is considered. Then it choses nine research universities as samples to make empirical research, which are constructed with priority of “985 Project” of China. Some of the analytical conclusion can be used to offer decision support for national relevant departments.Keywords: Evaluation Method, Construction Performance, Comparative Advantage Characteristic, Research UniversitiesTitle: R & D ManagementFull Journal Title: R & D ManagementISO Abbreviated Title: R D Manage.JCR Abbreviated Title: R&D ManageISSN: 0033-6807Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Blackwell Publ LtdPublisher Address: 108 Cowley Rd, Oxford OX4 1JF, Oxon, EnglandSubject Categories: Business: Impact Factor 0.406, / (2001)Management: Impact Factor 0.406, / (2001)? Hicks, D., Martin, B.R. and Irvine, J. (1986), Bibliometric techniques for monitoring performance in technologically oriented research: The case of integrated Optics. R & D Management, 16 (3), 211-223.Full Text: 1986\R & D Man16, 211.pdfAbstract: This paper outlines a low-cost manual-scanning approach for monitoring national and organi- zational research performance using a range of publication and citation indicators. We present the results of a case-study on integrated optics, a subfield of optical physics with potential industrial importance in that it may lead to the development of optical analogues of integrated circuits. It is argued that the assessment approach adopted may be of value in R&D management and strategic planning for both companies and government research-funding agencies.? Miller, R. (1992), The influence of primary task on R&D laboratory evaluation: A comparative bibliometric analysis. R & D Management, 22 (1), 3-20.Full Text: 1992\R & D Man22, 3.pdfAbstract: After reviewing the various approaches to R&D evaluation, the author concludes that a taxonomic approach combining organizational and bibliometric indicators offers a valid option to assess the quality of research. Fifty-three laboratories around the world in 17 technical fields were investigated using organizational, publication and bibliometric variables. A taxonomy of six clusters of laboratories with distinct primary tasks, organizational attributes and outputs emerged. Scientific publications are by-products of research outputs. Within each cluster of laboratories, a wide range of bibliometric indicators make it possible to identify high and low performers in terms of research quality. Bibliometric indicators, it is concluded, gain by being associated with comparative organizational assessments to evaluate laboratories with similar primary tasks and scientific fields.Keywords: Assessing Basic Research, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Co-Citations, Evaluation, Indicators, Performance, Policy, Publication, Publications, Quality, R&D, Radio Astronomy, Research, Research Outputs, Research Quality, Science, TaxonomyEhrnberg, E. and Jacobsson, S. (1997), Indicators of discontinuous technological change: An exploratory study of two discontinuities in the machine tool industry. R & D Management, 27 (2), 107-126.Full Text: R\R & D Man27, 107.pdfAbstract: The objective of this paper is to explore the extent to which a set of indicators of technological and industrial change can act as warning signals for technical change. A particular kind of technical change can give a new substitute such price/performance attributes that it is taken into the reach of mass market segments. Two processes of discontinuous technical change in the machine tool industry are analysed using patent data, bibliometrics, data on new entrants, relative price changes and diffusion data. In the first case (the transition from conventional to CNC machine tools) relative prices and new entrants were the first indicators to react whilst patents and bibliometrics increased in activity in parallel with the large scale diffusion of CNC machine tools. In the second case (the transition from CNC machine tools to flexible manufacturing systems) new entrants and publishing preceded the large scale diffusion by some years. The different patterns between the two cases and between these and what can be found in the literature, suggest that more work needs to be done to understand the conditions under which changes in each of the indicators can be used as a warning signal. The paper is concluded by a brief discussion which may form the basis for some further work in that direction.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Diffusion, Indicators, Literature, Manufacturing, Patent, Patents, Publishing, ScaleLuwel, M., Noyons, E.C.M. and Moed, H.F. (1999), Bibliometric assessment of research performance in Flanders: Policy background and implications. R & D Management, 29 (2), 133-141.Full Text: R\R & D Man29, 133.pdfAbstract: We illustrate the use of bibliometric tools in the evaluation of scientific research conducted at Flemish universities and publicly funded research organisations, and in the assessment of scientific-technological performance in Flanders in the field of information technology. We sketch the policy background of a number of studies conducted during the past 6 years in Flanders. These studies have provided useful information to evaluators and policy makers in Flanders, and have generated indirect effects on policy decisions, as their outcomes were used in the policy debate to raise relevant questions, clarify concepts or distinctions, question assumptions or to substantiate impressions.Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric, Evaluation, Indicators, Information Technology, Research, Research Performance, Science, Scientific Research, Technology, Universities, Word Analysis? Lin, B.W. and Chen, J.S. (2005), Corporate technology portfolios and R&D performance measures: A study of technology intensive firms. R & D Management, 35 (2), 157-170.Full Text: 2005\R & D Man35, 157.pdfAbstract: This paper examines the relations between technology portfolio strategies and five commonly used research and development (RTD) performance measures. Patent and financial data of 78 US-based technology companies from 1976 to 1995 were gathered and analysed to investigate how a well-managed technology portfolio can create synergy and affect RTD performance. A technology portfolio can be characterized by its composition and technology concentration. A valuable technology portfolio that consists of patents with higher average citation made and self-citation ratio can have a positive effect on firm value. Our findings suggest that large firms may enjoy advantages for technological innovation because they can exploit synergy effects of their technology portfolios. Technology concentration strategy does not work well because firms focusing on few technology fields can experience diseconomy to patents received since high-quality patents are increasingly difficult to obtain. This paper lays the groundwork for future empirical research on technology portfolio and RTD performance.Keywords: Citation, Diversification Strategy, Framework, Impact, Industry, Management, Patent, Patents, R&D, Research, Self-Citation, Technology, Tobins-Q? McMillan, G.S. (2008), Mapping the invisible colleges of R & D Management. R & D Management, 38 (1), 69-83.Full Text: 2008\R & D Man38, 69.pdfAbstract: R&D Management has consistently been considered one of the top technology and innovation management journals since its inaugural issue in 1970. The purpose of this paper is to use bibliometric techniques to examine R&D Management in four time periods, 1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, and 2001-2005 in order to reveal changes in its intellectual base. Bibliometric research has illuminated the knowledge domains of several technology and innovation management journals including R&D Management Linton and Thongpapanl, but there has not previously been a comprehensive detailed analysis focused only on R&D Management. Using co-citation analysis, this paper identifies the invisible colleges (research networks) associated with publications in R&D Management. The results indicate that Cohen and Levinthal’s absorptive capacity model dominates the final two periods. The conclusions suggest how the absorptive capacity model might be more effectively utilized in future R&D Management research.Keywords: Absorptive-Capacity, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Techniques, Capacity, Co-Citation, Cocitation Analysis, Journals, Knowledge Domains, Model, Publications, R&D, Research, Techniques, Technology? Pei, R.M. and Porter, A.L. (2011), Profiling leading scientists in nanobiomedical science: Interdisciplinarity and potential leading indicators of research directions. R & D Management, 41 (3), 288-306.Full Text: 2011\R & D Man41, 288.pdfAbstract: Nanobiomedical science is a promising area in the application of nanotechnology. This paper profiles a group of 21 leading scientists in nanobiomedicine based on high publication rate and high citations. Comparisons with other researchers indicate that the leaders publish more in high impact journals and collaborate more extensively (team science). They reside most heavily in the United States and Western Europe. We compare their research publications using multiple indicators-Integration, Specialization and a Multidisciplinary Index. Relations among interdisciplinarity indicators generated support a three-factor model based on principles of diversity. We locate this research among the disciplines using science overlay mapping. Key term analyses, based on keywords and on natural language processing help profile the research emphases of these leading researchers. Such results could serve as leading indicators to help identify directions of future nanobio development.Keywords: Research Collaboration, Knowledge Domains, Nanotechnology, Patterns, Productivity, Technology, Journals, Map, Multidisciplinarity, NanoscienceTitle: Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis LettersFull Journal Title: Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis LettersISO Abbreviated Title: React. Kinet. Catal. Lett.JCR Abbreviated Title: React Kinet Catal LISSN: 0133-1736Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: HungaryLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Elsevier Science BVPublisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Chemistry, Physical: Impact Factor 0.557, 76/91 (2000)? Jaroniec, M. (1978), New approach to adsorption-kinetics of gas-mixtures on heterogeneous surfaces. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 8 (4), 425-429.? Jaroniec, M. (1978), Ritchie equation for adsorption-kinetics of gases on solids. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 9 (3), 309-313.Hlavathy, Z. and Tétényi, P. (1997), Adsorption of methane and ethane, 1. Studies of work function changes of Pt foil. Effect of pressure. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 62 (1), 163-169.Full Text: R\Rea Kin Cat Let62, 163.pdfAbstract: Pt work-function changes have been measured on adsorption of methane and ethane at different temperatures in the 10?5-10?2 mbar pressure range. Correlations were found between pressure of hydrocarbons and Pt work function changes.Keywords: Work Function Change, Adsorption, Methane, Ethane, Pt FoilMatusek, K. and Tétényi, P. (1997), Adsorption of methane and ethane. 2. Studies of metal blacks in a dynamic system. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 62 (1), 171-178.Full Text: R\Rea Kin Cat Let62, 171.pdfAbstract: The irreversible adsorption of methane and ethane increases with increasing temperature on Pt, Pd and Rh blacks. Data indicate a one-carbon attachment of ethane on Pt and Pd. A two-carbon attachment of ethane is observed upon adsorption on Rh.Keywords: Pt, Pd, Rh, Methane, Ethane, Irreversible AdsorptionTitle: Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and CatalysisFull Journal Title: Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and CatalysisISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Ghanizadeh, G. and Asgari, G. (2011), Adsorption kinetics and isotherm of methylene blue and its removal from aqueous solution using bone charcoal. Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis, 102 (1), 127-142.Full Text: 2011\Rea Kin Mec Cat102, 127.pdfAbstract: This study aims at describing the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using bone charcoal (BC) as an adsorbent material. The effects of dye concentration, pH, contact time and the adsorbent dose were investigated. The chemical composition and solid structure of BC were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The surface area was measured via the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm. The experimental data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The results show that the main component of BC is calcium hydroxylapatite (Ca-5(PO4)(3)OH). The BETSuface (area) of BC is approximately 100 m(2)/g. The experimental adsorption isotherm complies with Langmuir equation model (R-2 = 0.99) and the maximum amount of adsorption (q(max)) was 5 mg/g. The elevation of BC dose led to a decrease in q(max), however, increasing the pH led to the elevation of dye adsorption. The kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of MB is rapid and complies with the pseudo second-order kinetic (R-2 > 0.99). Apart from R-2, four error functions have been used for the validation of data. Analysis of data with Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm showed that the energy of MB adsorption process onto BC was 2.65 kJ/mol, which implies that the adsorption of MB with BC is a physical adsorption.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Ash, Bone Charcoal, Cationic Dyes, Decolorization, Diffusion, Dye, Dye Removal, Freundlich, Ions, Isotherm, Kaolinite, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Methylene Blue, Parameters, pH, Sorption, WasteTitle: Reactive & Functional PolymersFull Journal Title: Reactive & Functional PolymersISO Abbreviated Title: React. Funct. Polym.JCR Abbreviated Title: React Funct PolymISSN: 1381-5148Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Science BVPublisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Chemistry, Applied: Impact Factor 0.836, 25/55 (2000); Impact Factor 1.561, 19/58 (2006); Impact Factor 1.720, 19/62 (2007); Impact Factor 2.461, 12/64 (2009)Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 0.592, 45/110 (1999); Impact Factor 1.561, 21/110 (2006); Impact Factor 1.720, 21/114 (2007); Impact Factor 2.461, 18/128 (2009)Polymer Science: Impact Factor 0.836, 23/69 (2000); Impact Factor 1.561, 21/75 (2006); Impact Factor 1.720, 23/74 (2007); Impact Factor 2.461, 17/76 (2009)Zuo, G.J. and Muhammed, M. (1995), Selective binding of mercury to thiourea-based coordinating resins. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 27 (3), 187-198.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol27, 187.pdfAbstract: The selective binding of mercury from hydrochloric acid by thiourea-based coordinating resins, ITU, BTUO-1, BTUL-1 and BTUL-2, synthesized in our laboratory, has been studied with batch and column operations. The resins have been shown to have a high capacity for the adsorption of mercury(II) from acidic chloride solutions and good selectivity for the extraction of mercury over cadmium and zinc. Both the capacity and selectivity of the resins decrease with increasing HCl concentration in the feed solution. The extraction of mercury by these resins can be explained by 1:1 species formation. BTU resins show faster adsorption and elution kinetics in column operation. The adsorption rate is enhanced by the HCl concentration in the feed solution. The mercury-loaded resins can be quantitatively eluted by a solution containing 5% thiourea in 1% HCl. The resins were tested for removing soluble mercury from neutral chloride solution (dental waste effluents) to a level lower than 10 ppb by fixed bed column operation.Keywords: Adsorption, Cadmium, Chelating Resin, Column, Coordinating Resin, Elution, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Column, Fixed-Bed, Hg, Kinetics, Mercury, Metal-Ions, Polymer, Selectivity, ThioureaSalih, B., Denizli, A., Engin, B. and Pi?kin, E. (1995), Removal of cadmium(II) ions by using Alkali Blue 6B attached poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microspheres. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 27 (3), 199-208.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol27, 199.pdfAbstract: In the present study, poly (ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA)-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) microspheres (150-200 ?m in average diameter) were produced by suspension copolymerization of EGDMA and HEMA in an aqueous medium. Toluene was included in the formulations in order to produce water-swellable microspheres. Poly (vinylalcohol) and benzoyl peroxide were used as stabilizer and initiator, respectively. Alkali Blue 6B was attached to the microspheres, as a metal chelating ligand for specific adsorption of heavy metal ions. These dye attached microspheres were characterized by optical microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Adsorption/desorption of Cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solutions on these sorbents were investigated in batch equilibrium experiments by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The rate of interaction between Alkali Blue 6B and Cadmium(II) was very fast (15-60 min). The maximum Cadmium(II) adsorption onto the dye-attached microspheres (i.e., by complex metal chelate formation) was about 5.43 mg Cadmium(II)/g polymer, which was observed at pH = 6.7. While adsorption onto the plain poly (EGDMA-HEMA) microspheres (i.e., nonspecific adsorption) was about 0.93 mg Cadmium(II)/g polymer at the same conditions. Up to 92% of the adsorbed Cadmium(II) ions was desorbed in 2 h using 0.1 M HNO3 (pH = 1.0) as an eluant. The resorption capacity of the sorbent did not significantly decrease during repeated sorption-desorption cycling.Jansson-Charrier, M., Saucedo, I., Guibal, E. and Le Cloirec, P. (1995), Approach of uranium sorption mechanisms on chitosan and glutamate glucan by IR and C-13-NMR analysis. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 27 (3), 209-221.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol27, 209.pdfAbstract: Uranyl sorption performances of chitosan and glutamate glucan, a modified chitosan, have been extensively studied. This work deals with the mechanisms involved in the phenomenon. Infra-red and C-13-NMR studies allow the functional sites involved in the sorption to be identified. Amine sites are the main sorbing sites, but modification of spectra in the range of absorption of carboxylic functions indicates that these functions are also involved in the process. Carboxylic sites act directly by ion exchange or sorption of uranyl ions or by a combined effect with sorption on amine sites.Keywords: Biosorption, C- 13-NMR Spectrometry, Cellulose Polymorphs, Chitin, Chitosan, Conformation, Copper, Derivatives, Glutamate Glucan, Infra-Red Spectrometry, IR, NMR- Spectroscopy, Rhizopus-arrhizus, Solid-State, Sorption, UraniumDenizli, A., Salih, B. and Piskin, E. (1996), Alkali blue 6B attached poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads for removal of heavy-metal ions. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 29 (1), 11-19.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol29, 11.pdfAbstract: In this study, we investigated a new sorbent system, i.e., Alkali Blue 6B-attached poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads, for removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions. Poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads were prepared by suspension copolymerization of ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) and hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) by using poly-(vinylalcohol), benzoyl peroxide and toluene as the stabilizer, the initiator, and the diluent, respectively. Alkali Blue 6B molecules were then covalently attached to these microbeads. Microbeads (150-200 m in diameter) with a swelling ratio of 55%, and carrying 23.6 mol Alkali Blue 6B/g polymer were used in the adsorption/desorption studies. Adsorption rare and capacity of the microbeads for the selected metal ions, i.e., Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) were investigated in aqueous media containing different amounts of these ions (1-500 ppm) and at different pH values (1.5-7.5). Very high adsorption rates were observed at the beginning, and adsorption equilibria were then gradually achieved in about 5-90 min. The maximum adsorptions of metal ions onto the Alkali Blue BE-attached microbeads were 5.5 mg/g for Cd(II), 2.3 mg/g for Cu(II), 41.4 mg/g for Zn(II), and 125 mg/g for Pb(II). However, when the metal ions competed (in the case of the adsorption from their mixture) the amounts of adsorption for Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) were quite close. Desorption of metal ions were studied by using 0.1 M HNO3 (pH 1.0) for Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions. High desorption ratios (more than 90%) were achieved in all cases. Adsorption/desorption cycles showed the feasibility of repeated use of this novel sorbent system. Keywords: Alkali Blue 6b, Poly(EGDMA-HEMA) Microbeads, Removal of Heavy-Metal Ions, Chelating Polymers, Activated Carbons, Amidoxime Groups, Surface-Acidity, Aluminum-Oxide, Trace-Metals, Sea-Water, Adsorption, Separation, UraniumMatsunaga, H., Yokoyama, T., Eldridge, R.J. and Bolto, B.A. (1996), Adsorption characteristics of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) on iron(III)-loaded chelating resin having lysine-N,N-diacetic acid moiety. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 29 (3), 167-174.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol29, 167.pdfAbstract: An iron(III)-loaded chelating resin (Fe-LDA) with lysine-N,N-diacetic acid functional groups has been prepared and its adsorption characteristics for arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) have been examined. Arsenic(V) was strongly adsorbed to the resin in the pH range from 2 to 4, while arsenic(III) was moderately adsorbed between pH 8 and 10. The isotherm data for arsenic(V) at pH 3.5 fitted well to a Langmuir equation with a very large binding constant of 7.2×104 dm3 mol?1 and a capacity constant of 0.74 mmol g?1 The data for arsenic(III) at pH 9 also fitted to a Langmuir equation, with a binding constant of 190 dm3 mol?1 and a capacity constant of 0.84 mmol g?1.Regeneration of the resin was successfully carried out with 0.1 mol dm?3 sodium hydroxide solution. Both arsenic compounds can be almost quantitatively recovered from the resin under these conditions. Only a small amount of ferric ions (less than 0.1 %) was observed to come off the resin during the regeneration with alkaline solutions. Since the Fe-LDA resin showed little affinity for arsenic(III) in acidic media, the present adsorption system can provide satisfactory separation of arsenic(V) from arsenic(III). Arsenic(V) was successfully concentrated in the column packed with Fe-LDA resin from its dilute solution.Keywords: Adsorption of Trace Arsenic(V), Separation of As(V) From As(III), Column Separation, Fe(III)-Loaded Chelating Resin, Lysine-N,N-Diacetic Acid MoietyTrivedi, J.J., Popat, K.M., Anand, P.S. and Dasare B.D. (1997), Synthesis and characterisation of chromium-selective porous condensate polymers. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 32 (3), 249-255.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol32, 249.pdfAbstract: A series of porous condensate polymers were synthesised by catechol-phenol-paraformaldehyde polycondensation using 1,2-ethanediol as the porosogenic agent. They were thoroughly characterised for moisture content, ion-exchange capacity, solvent uptake, dye uptake, surface area and the uptake of Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution. A selected porous condensate polymer was further studied for the technical volume capacity, Cr(VI) uptake from chromate and dichromate solution and the distribution coefficient for Cr(VI) in the presence of high concentration of Cl- and SO2-4. The uptake of Cr(VI) by this selected porous condensate polymer was also studied under dynamic conditions using simulated cooling tower blow-down as the influent. For comparison purpose, a conventional gel-type product and a commercially available porous condensate product Duolite S-761, was also studied. Results obtained reveal that the porous condensate polymer, CPPF-G-Cr5, has good dimensional stability, higher ion-exchange capacity, porosity, surface area and chromium uptake as compared to the conventional gel-type condensate polymer, CPPF-GEL-Cr0. The porous condensate polymer shows very high selectivity for Cr(VI) even in the presence of high concentration of sulphate and chloride ion but the uptake is susceptible to the pH range and hence the porous condensate polymer removes Cr(VI) from the simulated cooling tower blow-down which usually has pH 4. It removes chromium from a fairly large volume of simulated cooling tower blown-down and gives out the chromium in the form of a concentrated solution of very small volume.Keywords: Polycondensation, Porous Polymer, Chromium Selective, Cooling Tower Blow-DownChen, Y.Y., Liang, C., and Chao, Y. (1998), Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylonitrile-thiosemicarbazide resin and its sorption behavior for Rh(III) Ru(IV) Pd(II) and Ir(IV) ions. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 36 (1), 51-58.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol36, 51.pdfAbstract: Polyacrylonitrile-thiosemicarbazide resin (PAN-TSC) bearing a triazolthione functional group was synthesized from crosslinked polyacrylonitrile and thiosemicarbazide. The functional group capacity and percentage conversion of the functional group of PAN-TSC prepared under optimum conditions were 4.39 mmol FG/g and 39.04%, respectively. The structure of PAN-TSC was confirmed by IR, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sorption capacities of PAN-TSC for Rh(HI), Ru(IV), Pd(II), and Ir(IV) were 82.7, 239.7, 430.8, and 417.0 mg/g resin, respectively. The distribution coefficients were 1.30 x 104-4.07×105 (ml/g). PAN-TSC resin has excellent sorption selectivity for Rh(III), Ru(IV) and Ir(IV) in the presence of common metal ions over a wide acidity range. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of sorption of PAN-TSC for Ru(IV) is 43±4 kJ/mol. The sorption mechanism of PAN-TSC resin for Ru(IV) was confirmed by XPS.Keywords: PAN-TSC Resin, Triazolthione, Sorption, Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, Sorption Activation Energy, Sorption MechanismBaba, Y., Masaaki, K. and Kawano, Y. (1998), Synthesis of a chitosan derivative recognizing planar metal ionand its selective adsorption equilibria of copper(II) over iron(III). Reactive & Functional Polymers, 36 (2), 167-172.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol36, 167.pdfAbstract: In order to improve the selectivity of copper(II)/iron(III), crosslinked N-(2-pyridylmethyl) chitosan (PMC) with lower affinity for iron(III) was synthesized by crosslinking the Schiff’s base formed in order to prevent amino groups to be metal adsorption sites from a attack of (chloromethyl) oxirane. The final chitosan derivative, PMC, was obtained by reducing the imine moiety of the Schiff’s base with sodium borohydride. By comparing the selectivity of PMC for copper(II)/iron(III) with those of the crosslinked copper-complexed chitosan (CLC), it was found that the order of the selectivity towards copper(II)/iron(III) was reversed. Copper(II) was selectively adsorbed on PMC at a lower pH by 4 units compared with on CLC from 1 moldm-3 aqueous ammonium nitrate solution. PMC selectively adsorbed also nickel(II) and palladium(II) at a lower pH region, while other metal ions such as cadmium(II), zinc(II), cobalt(II) which form an octahedral type of complexes were adsorbed at almost the same pH region as around 3. This suggests that PMC selectively recognized the metal ions that form a planar type of complexes. Only copper(II) or palladium(II) was selectively adsorbed on PMC even from the mixture containing 50-fold iron(III) or copper(II), respectively. It was found by examining the adsorption stoichiometrics that copper(II) was adsorbed as a chelate complex accompanied by two nitrate anions as counter-ions.Abd El-Rehim, H.A., Hegazy, E.A. and Ali, A.E. (2000), Selective removal of some heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using treated polyethylene-g-styrene/maleic anhydride membranes. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 43 (1-2), 105-116.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol43, 105.pdfAbstract: Radiation graft copolymerization of styrene/maleic anhydride (Sty/MAn) comonomer onto low density polyethylene (LDPE) membrane was investigated. The prepared grafted membranes were treated with different reagents containing various functional groups and studied as a matrix for the purpose of water purification from heavy metals. The metal ion uptake by the functional groups of membranes was determined by the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic absorption (AA). The effect of pH of the metal feed solution and immersion period needed for maximum capacity was investigated. The selectivity of different prepared membranes towards some selected metal ions such as Fe, Cu, Pb etc. which commonly exist in waste water was determined. The affinity of the treated grafted films to recover Fe(III), Cu(II) or Pb(II) from their aqueous solutions containing other metal ions such as Cd(II), Ni(II) or Hg(II) was studied. Also the selectivity of treated grafted membranes towards Cu(II), Cr(III) and Fe(III) in a mixture was investigated at room temperature and 70°C. It was found that the thiosemicarbazide-, hydroxylamine. HCl-and NaOH-treated grafted films showed high selectivity towards Cu(II), Cr(III) and Fe(III), respectively, at 70°C. However, the selectivity of such treated grafted membranes was remarkable towards Fe(III) at room temperature. The results obtained suggested that the treated grafted membrane possessed good chelating properties towards different metal ions. This suggests that such membranes could be accepted for practical uses. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Radiation, Graft Copolymerization, Maleic Anhydride, Selectivity, Metal, Membranes, Chelating Resins, Adsorption? Dujardin, M.C., Caze, C. and Vroman, I. (2000), Ion-exchange resins bearing thiol groups to remove mercury. Part 1: Synthesis and use of polymers prepared from thioester supported resin. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 43 (1-2), 123-132.Full Text: 2000\Rea Fun Pol43, 123.pdfAbstract: A new synthesis of ion exchange resins containing thiol groups directly bonded on the aromatic ring is described, These resins are used to remove the small quantities of mercury (10 ppm) contained in waste water from chloralkali industries which use a mercury cathode (solvay cell). Optimum conditions have been developed to obtain resins with maximum thiol content groups. Elemental analysis, NMR, and FTIR spectroscopies data have been used to confirm the chemical structure of all products. When used in decontamination of water containing 10 ppm of Hg, we obtained a final Hg concentration of 1 ppb. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Mercury, Ion Exchange, Supported Polymer, ThioesterYoshizuka, K., Lou, Z. and Inoue, K. (2000), Silver-complexed chitosan microparticles for pesticide removal. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 44 (1), 47-54.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol44, 47.pdfAbstract: Two types of chitosan microparticles (CMs) and their silver-complexes CMs (SCMs) were prepared using different crosslinking agents, i.e. glutaraldehyde and epichlorohydrin, in order to investigate the adsorption and release behaviors of a typical pesticide, methyl parathion (MP). The pH and concentration dependencies on Ag(I) and MP adsorptions on both the CMs and SCMs were studied. The epichlorohydrin-crosslinked CM apparently showed the superiority of Ag(I) adsorption over the glutaraldehyde-crosslinked CM, nevertheless, adsorption behavior of MP on SCM derived from each CM was observed vice versa. Release behavior of MP from the MP-loaded SCMs was also observed in aqueous acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer solutions at low pH as well as in those containing two kinds of ammonium reagents. The aqueous solutions containing ammonium thiocyanide and ammonia could be applied for MP release from the MP-loaded SCMs without Ag(I) leakage from the particles. Furthermore, from the iteration of adsorption and release experiments of MP, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked SCM provides good reusability for MP removal.Keywords: Adsorption, Release, Pesticide, Silver, Chitosan MicroparticleLi, P. and SenGupta, A.K. (2000), Intraparticle diffusion during selective ion exchange with a macroporous exchanger. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 44 (3), 273-287.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol44, 273.pdfAbstract: Chlorophenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, benzene and naphthalene sulfonates and benzene carboxylates are examples of environmentally significant synthetic organic compounds which exist as ions in water over a wide range of pH values. This study discusses the sorption kinetics, and more specifically, intraparticle diffusion behaviors of trace concentrations of pentachlorophenate (PCP-) and other chlorophenates onto a commercially available macroporous polymeric anion exchanger (IRA-900). The anion exchanger is essentially biphasic, i.e. every single exchanger particle contains an enormous number of tiny microgels and an interconnected network of pores. Ion exchange functional groups reside solely within the microgels. For comparison, a gel or microporous anion exchanger is also included in the study. Experimental results reveal a distinctly different type of effect of competing chloride ion concentration on gel and macroporous ion exchangers pertaining to sorption of pentachlorophenate (PCP-). While the effective intraparticle diffusivity of PCP- for gel-type resin remained unaltered with a change in competing chloride concentration, the same increased significantly for the macroporous exchanger with an increase in chloride concentration. Pore diffusion is considered to be the predominant intraparticle transport mechanism for highly preferred PCP- inside the macroporous exchanger. Under the normal hydrodynamic conditions of a fixed bed column run, intraparticle diffusion was found to be the rate-limiting step. For various chlorophenates, the effective intraparticle diffusivities were inversely correlated to the octanol-water partition coefficients of their parent chlorophenols. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Chlorophenol, Column, Environmental Separation, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Column, Fixed-Bed, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Kinetics, Kinetics, Macroporous Ion Exchanger, Mass-Transfer, Pentachlorophenol, Resins, SorptionBecker, T., Schlaak, M. and Strasdeit, H. (2000), Adsorption of nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) by new chitosan derivatives. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 44 (3), 289-298.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol44, 289.pdfAbstract: Chitosan beads were cross-linked with a dialdehyde or a tetracarboxylic acid in order to obtain sorbents that are insoluble in aqueous acidic solutions. Further chemical modifications improved the metal ion capacities and selectivities of the products. The capacities for nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions were measured in aqueous nitrate, chloride and sulphate solutions at pH 6. The selectivities were determined in mixtures of nickel(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), magnesium(II) and calcium(II) and were recorded as a function of the pH value and the counter-ion. Four of six chitosan derivatives show higher metal uptake rates in sulphate solution than in solutions of nitrate or chloride. They possess, however, poor metal ion selectivities, except in chloride solutions where cadmium(II) is preferentially bonded. In contrast, the other two chitosan derivatives are highly selective for nickel(II) and cadmium(II), respectively. This selective behaviour exists over the pH range 3–6 and is independent of the counter-ion. These products have relatively high capacities even at pH 3. Yet the bonded metal ions are completely released at pH 0.5.Keywords: Adsorption, Capacity, Chitosan Beads, Ion Exchanger, Metal Ion Binding, pH Dependence; SelectivityPetruzzelli, D., Volpe, A., Di Pinto, A.C. and Passino, R. (2000), Conservative technologies for environmental protection based on the use of reactive polymers. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 45 (2), 95-107.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol45, 95.pdfAbstract: Biodegradation of organic pollutants is based on ‘destructive’ technologies leading to the formation of low-molecular-weight compounds and carbon dioxide or methane depending on the process red-ox conditions. This is not possible for persistent pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, biorefractory organics, complex organometals) independent of the origin and structure of the chemical substrate. Reference compounds can only be recovered and eventually recycled to the production lines of origin and/or to related industrial activities. However, the quality of the recovered products must justify the recycling operation. Sorption techniques lion exchange, carbon adsorption) and membrane technology as typical ‘conservative’ unit operations allow for removal of pollutants to the strictest limits imposed by enforced legislation and simultaneous recovery and recycling. We discuss two examples of conservative environmental technologies, based on ion exchange and the use of reactive polymers. The first relates to metal-laden effluents from the tannery industry, and the second to the management of residues (clarifier sludge) from the drinking water industry. Both processes are aimed at the minimization of environmental impact resulting from the production lines (Cr(III)-and Al(III)-containing wastes, respectively) and the recovery of valuable by-products with the related economic revenues associated with their commercial value. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Conservative Environmental Technology, Environmental Protection, Metal Removal, Ion Exchange, Tannery Waste, Coagulant, Recovery, Cr, Al, Recovery, Chromium, RecoveryRuiz, M., Sastre, A.M. and Guibal, E. (2000), Palladium sorption on glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 45 (3), 155-173.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol45, 155.pdfAbstract: The high nitrogen content of chitosan is the main reason for its ability to sorb metal ions through several mechanisms including ion-exchange or chelation, depending on the metal and the pH of the solution. Glutaraldehyde is used to crosslink chitosan through imine linkage between amine groups of chitosan and aldehyde groups of the crosslinking agent. This modified biosorbent was studied for palladium recovery in acidic medium (around pH 2). The influence of several parameters such as pH and competitor anions were studied with respect to sorption equilibrium. Sorption isotherms were obtained and modeled using the Langmuir and the Freundlich model. This study also examines the effect of palladium concentration, particle size, sorbent dosage, and the extent of crosslinking on sorption kinetics. Kinetic curves are modeled using single diffusion model equations to evaluate the predominance of either external or intraparticle mass transfer resistance. The influence of the acid used to control the pH of the solution was examined in conjunction with the influence of competitor anions. Sulfuric acid proves to be unfavorable to palladium sorption, in comparison with hydrochloric acid. However, the addition of chloride anions in a palladium solution, whose pH is controlled with sulfuric acid, enhances metal anion sorption: results are interpreted with reference to chloropalladate speciation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption-Isotherms, Beads, Chitosan, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Glutaraldehyde Crosslinking, Isotherms, Kinetics, Kinetics, Palladium, Particle Size, Particle Size Effect, pH, pH Optimization, Platinum-Group Metals, Resins, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Sorption Kinetics, Uranyl IonsNotes: highly citedKumar, M.N.V.R. (2000), A review of chitin and chitosan applications. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 46 (1), 1-27.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol46, 1.pdfAbstract: Chitin is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and is estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose. It has become of great interest not only as an underutilized resource, but also as a new functional material of high potential in various fields, and recent progress in chitin chemistry is quite noteworthy. The purpose of this review is to take a closer look at chitin and chitosan applications. Based on current research and existing products, some new and futuristic approaches in this fascinating area are thoroughly discussed.Keywords: Beads, Biotechnology, Chitin, Chitosan, Controlled Drug Delivery, Fibers, Nanoparticles, Hydrogels, Tablets, Transdermal DevicesGérente, C., du Mesnil, P.C., Andrès, Y., Thibault, J.F. and Le Cloirec, P. (2000), Removal of metal ions from aqueous solution on low cost natural polysaccharides: Sorption mechanism approach. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 46 (2), 135-144.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol46, 135.pdfAbstract: The fixation of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ on sugar beer pulp, a low-cost material, has been studied. After a simple treatment of the sorbent, the results have shown that the mode of fixation depends on the metal. The key part of the mode of fixation is attributed to ion exchange, while a non-negligible part of adsorption could sometimes occur. As far as lead ions are concerned, 25% of their fixation capacities are due to adsorption mechanism at pH 4. The overall uptake is at a maximum at pH 6 and gives up to 60 mg g-1 for Pb2+, 30 mg g-1 for Cu2+ and 12 mg g-1 for Ni2+, which seems to be removed exclusively by ion exchange. These capacities increase with the pH. Diffusion models have been tested on samples of different particle size, and they have suggested a transfer to the intraparticular sites. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Metal Fixation, Sugar Beet Pulp, Adsorption Mechanisms, Diffusion Models, Adsorption Rates, Heavy-Metals, Chitosan, Biosorption, Binding, Uranium, Carbon, Water, AcidZhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, X.Z. and Zhang, Y.X. (2001), Epoxidation of ethylene propylene diene rubber by t-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of molybdenum oxide. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 47 (2), 93-99.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol47, 93.pdfAbstract: Catalytic epoxidation of ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) is performed in toluene using tert.-butyl hydroperoxide (TBWP) as oxidant and molybdenum oxide as catalyst. The process of epoxidation is monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. H-1 NMR and FT-IR spectrum analysis of the products reveals that no significant side reactions rake place in this system even at high epoxidation level (> 90%). Various influence factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the concentrations of oxidant and catalyst art: also examined in detail. Kinetics study shows that the catalytic epoxidation reaction of EPDM is pseudo-second-order corresponding to the concentrations of double bonds and TBHP, and the apparent activation energy for the reaction is 47.6 kJ/mol. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Ethylene Propylene, Diene Rubber, Catalytic Epoxidation, Tert-Butylhydroperoxide, Molybdenum Oxide, Catalyzed Epoxidations, Hydrogen-Peroxide, Natural-Rubber, Performic Acid, StyreneSerarols, J., Poch, J. and Villaescusa, I. (2001), Determination of the effective diffusion coefficient of Zn(II) on a macroporous resin XAD-2 impregnated with di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (DEHPA) - Influence of metal concentration and particle size. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 48 (1-3), 53-63.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol48, 53.pdfAbstract: In this work the experimental and numerical techniques employed to estimate the diffusion coefficient, D, of Zn(II) adsorption on a macroporous resin XAD-2 impregnated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPPI) have been reported. The influence of initial metal concentration and particle size on the D, has been studied. In the studied initial metal concentration range (37-248 mg/dm3), D, was found to vary when increasing the initial feed concentration from 2.3010-13 to 14.0510-13 m2/s for the particle size 840-630 pm, and from 1.6310-13 to 7.3210-13 m2/s for the particle size 630-400 m. When comparing the effect of particle size, the values of de and kf corresponding to the biggest size showed a clear correlation with the step governing the adsorption, liquid film mass transfer or intraparticle diffusion. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Zinc(II) Extraction, Amberlite XAD-2 Resin, Dehpa, Solvent Impregnated Resin, Effective Diffusion Coefficient, Mathematical Model, Triisobutyl Phosphine Sulfide, Activated-Carbon Adsorption, Extraction, Kinetics, Gold(III), RemovalGuibal, E., Von Offenberg Sweeney, N., Vincent, T. and Tobin, J.M. (2002), Sulfur derivatives of chitosan for palladium sorption. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 50 (2), 149-163.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol50, 149.pdfAbstract: Palladium is efficiently extracted from dilute acidic solutions using chitosan derivatives. Sorption performances are enhanced by modification of chitosan through the grafting of sulfur compounds (thiourea, rubeanic acid), which creates new chelating groups, on chitosan backbone using glutaraldehyde as a linker. A comparison of sorption isotherms and sorption kinetics of these two derivatives with those of glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan shows that the rubeanic acid derivative of chitosan is the more efficient for the uptake of palladium from dilute solutions. The chemical modification is suspected of bringing chelating functionalities to the ion exchange resin. Sorption capacity is not influenced by the particle size of rubeanic acid derivative of chitosan. Sorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir equation. Increasing the temperature of the solution has little effect on sorption performances. Sorption kinetics are not greatly influenced by the particle size of the sorbent. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.Keywords: Adsorption, Beads, Chelating Derivatives, Chitosan, Chitosan Derivatives, Equilibrium, Gold(III), Isotherms, Kinetics, Metal-Ions, N-Carboxymethyl Chitosan, Palladium, pH Effect, Platinum(IV), Recovery, Resin, Rubeanic Acid, Sorption, Sorption Isotherms, Sorption Kinetics, ThioureaNotes: highly citedNgah, W.S.W., Endud, C.S. and Mayanar, R. (2002), Removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 50 (2), 181-190.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol50, 181.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of Cu(II) ions onto chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads has been investigated. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLA), epichlorohydrin (ECH) and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) in order to obtain sorbents that are insoluble in aqueous acidic and basic solution. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, agitation period, agitation rate and concentration of Cu(II) ions. A pH of 6.0 was found to be a optimum for Cu(II) adsorption on chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads. Isotherm studies indicate Cu(II) can be effectively removed by chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads. Adsorption isothermal data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir equation. Langmuir constants have been determined for chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads. The experimental data of the adsorption equilibrium from Cu(II) solution correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm equation. The uptakes of Cu(II) ions on chitosan beads were 80.71 mg Cu(II)/g chitosan, on chitosan-GLA beads were 59.67 mg Cu(II)/g chitosan-GLA, on chitosan-ECH beads were 62.47 mg Cu(II)/g chitosan-ECH and on chitosan-EGDE beads were 45.94 mg Cu(II)/g chitosan-EGDE. The Cu(II) ions can be removed from the chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads rapidly by treatment with an aqueous EDTA solution and at the same time the chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads can be regenerated and also can be used again to adsorb heavy metal ions.Keywords: Chitosan Beads, Cross-Linked Chitosan Beads, Swelling, Adsorption Isotherm, Capacity, DesorptionPan, B.C., Xiong, Y., Li, A.M., Chen, J.L., Zhang Q.X. and Jin, X.Y. (2002), Adsorption of aromatic acids on an aminated hypercrosslinked macroporous polymer. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 53 (2-3), 63-72.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol53, 63.pdfAbstract: In the present study a hypercrosslinked macroporous polymer CHA-111 was chemically modified by amination with dimethylamine. Adsorption of five aromatic acids on the modified polymer MCH-111 was investigated and adsorption capacities of aromatic acids from aqueous solution increased significantly after amination. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations were employed to fit the adsorption processes to describe adsorption mechanism. Hydrogen-bonding interaction should be regarded as a fundamental contributor to increasing adsorption capacities of aromatic acids on MCH-111. Surface structure of MCH-111 caused by postcrosslinking reaction will enhance the NPM–matrix interaction and then lead to higher activity of amino group on MCH-111 than a macroporous weakly anion exchanger D301. The negative isosteric enthalpy changes for adsorption of benzenesulfonic acid and naphthalenesulfonic acid indicate an exothermic process on the aminated polymer. ?2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Hypercrosslinked Macroporous Polymer, Amination, Adsorption, Aromatic Acids, Cooperation Mechanism, Adsorption EnthalpyRau, I., Gonzalo, A. and Valiente, M. (2003), Arsenic(V) adsorption by immobilized iron mediation. Modeling of the adsorption process and influence of interfering anions. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 54 (1-3), 85-94.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol54, 85.pdfAbstract: Development of techniques for the removal of As(V) from aqueous matrixes is an important issue due to the high toxicity of this element and its falling world demand that converts As-containing by-products into an important problem for many producers. In this paper, iron(III)-chelated iminodiacetate resins have been prepared and studied for the adsorption of As(V) from aqueous solution in concentrations up to 1000 ppm. Adsorption capacity for As(V) has been determined for adsorbents with different amounts of iron in the range 0.5>pH>7.0. A maximum in adsorption has been found in the pH range 1.30–1.80. In this range, adsorption of As(III) is negligible indicating the possibility of separating these two species with the studied sorbents. Sorption of As(V) has been found to increase with the amount of iron chelated in the resin up to a certain capacity of the resin to load Fe(III). For the higher content of iron in the resin, the adsorption of As(V), expressed in mmol As/mmol Fe, reaches a value close to 0.5. This result indicates an adsorption stoichiometry of 2:1 (Fe:As). A ligand-exchange model based on this stoichiometry has been satisfactorily applied, attributing to the compound (R–Fe)2HAsO4 as the moiety responsible for As(V) adsorption, with a log K=4.8±0.6. Interference of other anions on the adsorption of As(V) has shown to follow the affinity pattern of these anions for Fe(III): phosphate>>sulphate>chloride nitrate. This interference produces a decrease of the adsorption of As(V) but, except for the case of phosphate, the use of this adsorbent in presence of the mentioned anions is effective for the removal of As(V).Keywords: Arsenic(V), Selective Adsorption, Immobilized Iron Mediation, Modelling of As(V) Adsorption? Khan, A.A. and Alam, M.M. (2003), Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of a new and novel ‘organic-inorganic’ composite material as a cation exchanger and Cd(II) ion-selective membrane electrode: polyaniline Sn(IV) tungstoarsenate. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 55 (3), 277-290.Full Text: 2003\Rea Fun Pol55, 277.pdfAbstract: Composite materials formed by the combination of inorganic ion exchangers of multivalent metal acid salts and organic conducting polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc.), providing a new class of ‘organic-inorganic’ hybrid ion exchangers with better mechanical and granulometric properties, good ion-exchange capacity, higher stability, reproducibility and selectivity for heavy metals. Such a type of ion exchanger ‘polyaniline Sn(IV) tungstoarsenate’ was developed by mixing polyaniline into inorganic precipitate of Sn(IV) tungstoarsenate. This material was characterized using atomic absorption spectrometry, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry, X-ray and scanning electron microscopy studies. Ion-exchange capacity, pH-titrations, elution and distribution behavior were also carried out to characterize the material. On the basis of distribution studies, the material was found to be highly selective for Cd(II) and its selectivity was tested by achieving some important binary separations like Cd(II)-Zn(II), Cd(II)-Pb(II), Cd(II)-Hg(II), Cd(II)-Cu(II), etc., on its column. Using this composite cation exchanger as electroactive material, a new heterogeneous precipitate based selective ion-sensitive membrane electrode was developed for the determination of Cd(II) ions in solutions. The membrane electrode is mechanically stable, with a quick response time, and can be operated within a wide pH range. The selectivity coefficients for different cations determined by mixed solution method were found to be less than unity. The electrode was also found to be satisfactory in electrometric titrations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Analysis, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Behavior, Capacity, Cation Exchanger, Cation-Exchanger, Cd(II), Cd(II) Ion-Selective Membrane Electrode, Characterization, Composite, Composite Materials, Fourier Transform Infrared, Heavy Metals, Infrared, Ion Exchange, Organic-Inorganic Composite Material, pH, Phosphate, Polyaniline Sn(IV) Tungstoarsenate, Polymers, X-Ray, ZirconiumOrlando, U.S., Okuda, T., Baes, A.U., Nishijima, W. and Okada, M. (2003), Chemical properties of anion-exchangers prepared from waste natural materials. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 55 (3), 311-318.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol55, 311.pdfAbstract: Waste natural materials (WNM) were converted into anion- exchangers through consecutive chemical reactions with thionylchloride, N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylamine and formaldehyde as crosslinking agents. The final products obtained were weak-base anion-exchangers with tertiary amines as major functional exchange groups. WNM containing small amounts of extractives gave higher yields. Also, anion- exchangers produced from WNM with higher lignin content gave higher maximum nitrate adsorption capacity (Q(max)). Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) hull with the highest lignin content of 30.4% showed the highest Q(max) of 0.20 mmol NO3- per g of resin, followed by coconut husk, sawdust of lauan and rice hull. Anion-exchangers produced from WNM and mixtures of pure lignin and pure cellulose demonstrated that lignin is the major reactive component responsible for the anion-exchanger and cellulose seems to be a supporting material for the exchangers. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reservedKeywords: Adsorption, Anion-Exchangers, Bagasse, Cellulose, Ion-Exchange, Lignin, Lignin, Nitrate, Sawdust, Waste Natural Materials, YieldZhang, A.Y., Asakura, T. and Uchiyama, G. (2003), The adsorption mechanism of uranium(VI) from seawater on a macroporous fibrous polymeric adsorbent containing amidoxime chelating functional group. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 57 (1), 67-76.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol57, 67.pdfAbstract: To adsorb and recover uranium(VI) from seawater, an improved macroporous fibrous polymeric adsorbent containing amidoxime chelating functional group (FPAO) was synthesized by irradiation-induced graft polymerization utilizing methacrylic acid (MAA) as a hydrophilic monomer. The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) on FPAO adsorbent was investigated in a wide pH range by the method of the thermodynamics. It was found that the pH value at different conditions had significant effect on the adsorption of U(VI) on FPAO adsorbent. The adsorption ability of FPAO for U(VI) increased from pH 2.0 to pH 6.0 and decreased from pH 6.0 to pH 9.0. U(VI) was effectively adsorbed by FPAO adsorbent at around pH 6.0. The predominant composition of resulting the mononuclear complex was determined as UO2.2R-C(NO)NH2 by investigating the effect of the concentrations of U(VI), FPAO, H+ and Cl- on the adsorption reaction. The adsorption equilibrium equation of U(VI) on FPAO adsorbent was expressed as UO2(OH)((aq))(+) + 2R(aq) C(NOH)NH2(fp) <----> UO2.2R-C(NO)NH2(fp) + H-(aq)(+) + H2O. The overall adsorption equilibrium constant was calculated to be K-ad = 7.0810(7) M-1 at ionic strength of 0.1 M at 25 degreesC. A monolayer molecule adsorption mechanism between U(VI) and FPAO was also determined by examining the relationships between the adsorbed amount of U(VI) and contact time. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Amidoxime Functional Group, Adsorption, Mechanism, Composition, Uranium, Recovery, Benzamidoxime, Complex, UO22+Zhai, Z.C., Chen, J.L., Fei, Z.H., Wang, H.L., Li, A.M. and Zhang, Q.X. (2003), Adsorption of phenylhydrazine derivatives on hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 57 (2-3), 93-102.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol57, 93.pdfAbstract: Two hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents NG-99 and NG-100 were employed to remove four phenylhydrazine derivatives, phenylhydrazine (PH), 1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazine (1-MPH), 1-acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine (1-APH) and p-methylphenylhydrazine (p-MPH) from aqueous solutions. A comparison of the thermodynamic behaviors against the two hypercrosslinked resins and the conventional macroporous resin Amberlite XAD-4 was made. It was found that the equilibrium adsorption data for the four phenylhydrazine compounds fitted well to the Langmuir isotherms, suggesting a physical and mono-molecular layer adsorption process. The results showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacities of PH, 1-MPH, 1-APH and p-MPH on NG-99 and NG-100 were all higher than that on Amberlite XAD-4 by 20–70%, which may be attributed to the uniform micropore structure and partial polarity on the network of the hypercrosslinked resins, as well as the enhanced - interactions and the better compatibility between the adsorbates and adsorbents, and NG-100 demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity. The sorption enthalpies were calculated to interpret the adsorption mechanism. In addition a kinetic study of the sorption of PH onto NG-100 was also carried out. A first-order irreversible reaction rate equation was assumed for the sorption system and was suitable to describe the physisorption process. The hypercrosslinked polymer NG-100 exhibited optimum potential for removing PH derivatives from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Hypercrosslinked Polymeric Adsorbent, Phenylhydrazine, Adsorption, Adsorption Enthalpy, KineticsOh, C.G., Ahn, J.H. and Ihm, S.K. (2003), Adsorptive removal of phenolic compounds by using hypercrosslinked polystyrenic beads with bimodal pore size distribution. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 57 (2-3), 103-111.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol57, 103.pdfAbstract: Hypercrosslinked polystyrenic beads with bimodal pore size distribution were prepared through Friedel–Crafts modification by using macroreticular poly(vinylbenzylchloride-divinylbenzene) copolymer beads as base polymers. Their adsorption behaviors were investigated with the aqueous solution of phenolic compounds such as phenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. The biporous hypercrosslinked beads showed not only faster adsorption kinetics than commercial polystyrenic adsorbents, but also larger adsorption capacities. The adsorption isotherms for the bi-solute system were represented in a three-dimensional coordinate, and their adsorption behaviors could be explained from the data for the adsorption of a single phenolic component. Keywords: Hypercrosslinked Polystyrenic Beads, Bimodal Pore Size Distribution, Adsorption, Phenolic Compounds, Polymeric AdsorbentDenizli, A., Say, R., Garipcan, B. and Patir, S. (2004), Methacryloylamidoglutamic acid functionalized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) beads for UO22+ removal. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 58 (2), 123-130.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol58, 123.pdfAbstract: A novel approach was developed to obtaining high uranium adsorption capacity utilizing 2-methacryloylamidoglutamic acid (MAGA) as a metal-complexing ligand. MAGA was synthesized by using methacryloyl chloride and glutamic acid. Spherical beads with an average size of 150-200 mum were obtained by suspension polymerization of MAGA and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) conducted in an aqueous dispersion medium. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate methacryloylamidoglutamic acid) [p(HEMA-MAGA)] beads have a specific surface area of 56.7 m2/g. p(HEMA-MAGA) beads were characterized by swelling studies, FTIR and elemental analysis. The p(HEMA-MAGA) beads with a swelling ratio of 63%, and containing 3.5 mmol MAGA/g were used in the removal of UO22+ from aqueous solutions. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in about 120 min. The adsorption of uranium(VI) ions onto pHEMA was negligible (1.4 mg/g). The MAGA incorporation significantly increased the uranium adsorption capacity (204.8 mg/g). Adsorption capacity of MAGA incorporated beads increased significantly with pH and then reached the maximum at pH 6.0. Consecutive adsorption and elution operations showed the feasibility of repeated use for p(HEMA-MAGA) chelating beads. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Methacryloylamidoglutamic Acid, Metal-Chelating Beads, Aminoacid-Ligands, Uranium Removal, Uranium Biosorption, Amino-Acids, Uranyl-Ion, Adsorption, Amidoxime, Recovery, Membranes, Seawater, Copolyamides, Adsorbents? Nastasovi?, A., Jovanovi?, S., ?or?evi?, D., Onjia, A., Jakovljevi?, D. and Novakovi?, T. (2004), Metal sorption on macroporous poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) modified with ethylene diamine. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 58 (2), 139-147.Full Text: 2004\Rea Fun Pol58, 139.pdfAbstract: Two samples of macroporous crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), poly(GMA-co-EGDMA), with different porosity parameters were synthesized by suspension copolymerization and modified by ring-opening reaction of the pendant epoxy groups with ethylene diamine (EDA). The samples were characterized by mercury porosimetry, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The sorption rate of the modified copolymer, poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-en for Cu(II) ions determined under non-competitive conditions was relatively rapid, i.e. the maximum capacity was reached within 30 min. Batch sorption capacities for Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cr(III) and Pt(IV) ions were determined under non-competitive conditions in the pH range 1.25-5.5 at room temperature. The maximum sorption capacities of poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-en under non-competitive conditions were 1.30 mmol/g for Pt(IV) at pH 5.5, 1.10 mmol/g for Cu(II) at pH 5.5, 1.06 mmol/g for Pb(II) at pH 1.25 and 0.67 mmol/g for Cd(II) ions at pH 5.5. The selectivity of poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-en towards Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Pt(IV) ions was investigated under competitive conditions. Poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-en showed high selectivity for Pt(IV) over Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions at pH 2.1. At pH 5.5, the metal sorption capacities of poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-en decreased in the order: Cu(II) > Co(II) > Pt(IV) approximate to Ni(II) > Pb(II). Regeneration of the Cu(II), Ni(H) and Pb(II) loaded poly(GMA-co-EGDMA)-en with 2 M HIS04 showed that the polymer can be reused in several sorption/desorption cycles. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Analysis, Capacity, Cd(II), Co-Trimethylolpropane Trimethacrylate), Copolymer, Copolymerization, Dimethacrylate, Elemental Analysis, Ethylene, Ethylene Diamine, Fe(II), FT-IR, FT-IR Spectroscopy, FTIR, FTIR Spectroscopy, Glycidyl Methacrylate, Ions, Macroporous Copolymer of Glycidyl Methacrylate, Mercury, Metal Sorption, Modified, Modified Oxirane, Parameters, Pb(II), pH, pH Dependence, Polymer, Porosity, Range, Reaction, Reactive Polymers, Removal, Ring Opening, Room Temperature, Selectivity, Separation, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Suspension, Suspension Copolymerization, Temperature, Thiirane ResinsSeko, N., Basuki, F., Tamada, M. and Yoshii, F. (2004), Rapid removal of arsenic(V) by zirconium(IV) loaded phosphoric chelate adsorbent synthesized by radiation induced graft polymerization. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 59 (3), 235-241.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol59, 235.pdfAbstract: Fibrous arsenic(As) adsorbent was synthesized by loading zirconium(Zr) on fibrous phosphoric adsorbent which was directly synthesized by radiation-induced grafting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphoric acid on polyethylene-coated polypropylene nonwoven fabric. Zirconium reacted with phosphoric acid grafted in the polyethylene layer. Zirconium density of the resulting adsorbent was 4.1 mmol/g. The breakthrough curve of As(V) adsorption was independent of the flow rate up to 1300 h?1 in space velocity. The total capacity of As(V) was 2.0 mmol/g-adsorbent at pH of 2. The adsorbed Zr(IV) could be evaluated by 0.4 M sodium hydroxide solution because no Zr(IV) could be found in the eluted solution. Anions of chloride and nitrate interfered the breakthrough capacity.Keywords: Phosphoric Adsorbent, Radiation-Induced Grafting, Zr Loading; Arsenic(V) Adsorption, Column AdsorptionWei, R.X., Chen, J.L., Chen, L.L., Fei, Z.H., Li, A.M. and Zhang, Q.X. (2004), Study of adsorption of lipoic acid on three types of resin. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 59 (3), 243-252.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol59, 243.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of lipoic acid on three different types resin was compared. Study on adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of lipoic acid by XAD-4, NDA-100 and ND-90 resin was carried out through static experiments. The results show the polar groups and the micropores range on the resin play a significant role on adsorption of lipoic acid. These adsorption processes of lipoic acid are indicative of exothermic process and physical adsorption. The adsorption of lipoic acid on XAD-4 resin is Langmuir monolayer and the adsorption velocity appears to be the first order kinetics. The adsorption data of lipoic acid on NDA-100 and ND-90 resins also fit well to the Langmuir isotherm, which is caused by the capillary condensation and the volume filling of micropores besides monolayer adsorption. The adsorption of lipoic acid on NDA-100 and ND-90 resins passes through two phases: macropores and mesopores range and micropores range. and the adsorption velocities of the two phases are the first order kinetics.Keywords: Lipoic Acid, Adsorption, Resin, Thermodynamics, Kinetics? Chassary, P., Vincent, T. and Guibal, E. (2004), Metal anion sorption on chitosan and derivative materials: A strategy for polymer modification and optimum use. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 60, 137-149.Full Text: 2004\Rea Fun Pol60, 137.pdfAbstract: The affinity of chitosan for several metal anions (molybdate, vanadate, arsenate, chloro-platinate and chloropalladate) was investigated with the objective of identifying the controlling parameters (related to intrinsic polymer properties, diffusion properties and the properties of the metal in solution). Better understanding of sorption mechanisms and controlling steps may help not only in optimizing the use of these biosorbents but also in designing new chitosan-based sorbents. Some examples of physical modification (gel bead conditioning) and chemical modification (grafting of polyethyleneimine, sulfur compounds, impregnation with metal ions) are given to illustrate the versatility of the polymer and its promising performances for the recovery of toxic and/or valuable metal anions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Arsenate, Chemical, Chemical Modification, Chitosan, Conditioning, Cross-Linked Chitosan, Crystallinity, Diffusion, Diffusion Properties, Diffusion Properties, Dilute-Solutions, Equilibrium, Gel Beads, Grafting, Highly Porous Chitosan, Impregnation, Materials, Mechanisms, Metal Ions, Metal Speciation, Modification, Molybdate, Molybdate Sorption, Palladate, Palladium Sorption, Parameters, Physical Modification, Platinate, Platinum Sorption, Polyethyleneimine, Polymer, Properties, Recovery, Sorption, Sorption Selectivity, Strategy, Sulfur, VanadateSaha, B., Gill, R.J., Bailey, D.G., Kabay, N. and Arda, M. (2004), Sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with Aliquat 336. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 60, 223-244.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol60, 223.pdfAbstract: This work investigates the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using solvent impregnated resins (SIR). SIR have been formed by impregnating Amberlite XAD-7 with Aliquat 336 as the extractant and acetone as the solvent by a wet impregnation technique. SIR of three different concentrations, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g Aliquat 336/g Amberlite XAD-7 have been prepared in two different size ranges: 300–401 and 553–711 m. The speciation diagram of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution has been produced. The effect of pH on the sorption of chromium (VI) ions has been investigated; equilibrium experiments have been carried out with three different types of SIR to quantify the sorption capacity. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm gave a satisfactory fit of the equilibrium data. Kinetic experiments have been performed with different concentrations of SIR and different size ranges to assess the performance of the SIR and to investigate potential kinetic models for the sorption process. Vermeulen’s approximation for particle diffusion has been fitted to the kinetic data and it showed very good correlation. The mechanism of chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution by SIR has been proposed.Keywords: Cr(VI), Solvent Impregnated Resin, Aliquat 336, Speciation, Sorption Kinetics, Particle Diffusion Model? Zohuriaan-Mehr, M.J., Pourjavadi, A. and Salehi-Rad, M. (2004), Modified CMC. 2. Novel carboxymethylcellulose-based poly(amidoxime) chelating resin with high metal sorption capacity. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 61 (1), 23-31.Full Text: 2004\Rea Fun Pol61, 23.pdfAbstract: Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) was doubly modified to prepare a novel poly(acrylamidoxime) chelating resin. Acrylonitrile was firstly graft polymerized onto CMC using cerium ammonium nitrate as an initiator. The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) grafted CMC was then amidoximized via treatment with hydroxylamine to prepare the ion exchange resin. The sorption capacity of the resin towards bivalent metal ions was evaluated while varying the pH, the loading of the PAN and the initial metal ion concentration. The adsorption kinetics were investigated for the cupric ion. The chelating resin exhibited very high metal sorption capacity in comparison with either synthetic or polysaccharide-based resins and the sorption rate was also comparable. Therefore, the resin may be considered as a good candidate to develop as an efficient biopolymer-based chelating resin for water treatment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acrylonitrile, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Agricultural Residues, Amidoxime, Amidoxime Groups, Ammonium, Ammonium Nitrate, Capacity, Carboxymethylcellulose, Cellulose, Cerium, Cmc, Concentration, Graft Polymerization, Ion, Ion Exchange, Ions, Kinetics, Loading, Metal Ions, Metal Sorption, Modified, Nitrate, PAN, pH, Poly(Acrylonitrile-Co-Vinylidene Chloride-Co-Divinylbenzene), Polysaccharide, Removal, Resins, Sodium, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Starch, Treatment, Uranium, Water, Water TreatmentZhang, Y., Ma, L. and Yang, J. (2004), Kinetics of esterification of lactic acid with ethanol catalyzed by cation-exchange resins. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 61 (1), 101-114.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol61, 101.pdfAbstract: The esterification of lactic acid with ethanol was carried out in the presence of five different cation-exchange resins. The effect of catalyst type, catalyst loading, and temperature on reaction kinetics was evaluated. In order to study which components had the strongest adsorption strength on the resin surface, two simplified mechanisms based on Langmuir–Hinselwood model were compared by correlating the experimental data. FTIR method was used to verify the rationality of the mechanism. Nonideality of the liquid phase was taken into account by using activities, which were predicted by UNIFAC method instead of concentrations. The thermal stability and mechanical strength of the resin catalysts were tested by SEM.Keywords: Lactic Acid, Esterification, Ethanol, Kinetics, Cation-Exchange ResinZhang, A.Y., Wei, Y.Z. and Kumagai, M. (2004), Synthesis of a novel macroporous silica-based polymeric material containing 4,4’,(5’)-di(tert-butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 functional group and its adsorption mechanism for strontium. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 61 (2), 191-202.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol61, 191.pdfAbstract: A novel, specific macroporous silica-based 4,4’,(5’)-di(tert-butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6) chelating polymeric material (DtBuCH18C6/Si-polymer) was synthesized by impregnating DtBuCH18C6 molecule into the Si-polymer particles that was prepared by a series of polymerization reactions between ~50 m SiO2 and a mixture of m/p-divinylbenzene, ,-azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1-azobiscyclohexane-1-carbonitrile, m/p-formylstyrene, methyl benzoate and diotylphthatate at 90 °C. This hydrophilic material exhibited the much higher adsorption ability for Sr(II) than that of a commercial Sr-resin, an inert conventional polymer-based adsorbent. The complex composition between DtBuCH18C6/Si-polymer and Sr(II) was determined as 1:1 type by investigating the influence of the concentrations of DtBuCH18C6, Sr(II), H+ and NO3? on the adsorption of Sr(II) onto DtBuCH18C6/Si-polymer. The adsorption equilibrium equation was described as followsSr2+(aq)+ 2NO3(aq)?+DtBuCH18C6/Si-polymer(re)?Sr(NO3)2·DtBu CH18C6/Si-polymer(re)The apparent adsorption equilibrium constant was calculated to be logKad=2.21±0.15 at 2.0 M HNO3 at 25 °C. The monolayer molecule adsorption mechanism was determined by examining the relationships between ?ln(1?F) and t and lnt, respectively. The corresponding adsorption equations at different temperatures were obtained. The chelating effect of the DtBuCH18C6/Si-polymer adsorbent for Sr(II) was considered as the mainly adsorptive pathway.Keywords: Silica-Based Polymeric Material, Synthesis, Complex Composition, Adsorption Mechanism, StrontiumGümü?derelio?lu, M. and Agi, P. (2004), Adsorption of concanavalin A on the well-characterized macroporous chitosan and chitin membranes. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 61 (2), 211-220.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol61, 211.pdfAbstract: Macroporous chitosan membranes were prepared by solvent evaporation method in the presence of silica particles which were used as a porogen. These membranes were cross-linked under alkaline conditions, using epichlorohydrin as the cross-linking agent. The macroporous chitin membranes were obtained by acetylating the chitosan membranes with acetic anhydride in methanol. SEM photographs showed a homogeneous pore distribution throughout the membranes with 16.1–17.9 m average pore sizes. The adsorption and desorption properties of concanavalin A (Con A) on the membranes were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The equilibrium adsorption time was found to be 2 h during the static adsorption experiments. The calculated adsorption rates for chitosan and chitin membranes were rad=0.613 and 0.541 mg Con A/g dry membrane-minute, respectively at the initial protein concentration of 1.0 mg ml?1. The adsorption isotherms represented a monolayer of Con A at 0.5–2.0 mg ml?1 concentration range. The adsorption studies which were carried out at flow rate of 2 ml min?1 showed that adsorbed quantities of Con A decreased markedly in the presence of flow, and they were similar (~14–15 mg Con A/g dry membrane) for both chitosan and chitin membranes. The fluorescence studies verified the absence of denaturation in the recovered Con A.Keywords: Chitosan, Chitin, Concanavalin A, Macroporous Membrane, Protein Adsorption, Fluorescence SpectroscopySpinelli, V.A., Laranjeira, M.C.M. and Fávere, V.T. (2004), Preparation and characterization of quaternary chitosan salt: Adsorption equilibrium of chromium(VI) ion. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 61 (3), 347-352.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol61, 347.pdfAbstract: Quaternary chitosan salt (QCS) was synthesized with the aid of a substituent containing a quaternary ammonium group, glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. The polymer was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, TGA and amount of quaternary ammonium groups. The studies on Cr(IV) ion adsorption equilibrium were conducted taking into account contact time, pH and amount of cross-linked QCS. The kinetic adsorption mechanism of the Cr(VI) ion was best described by the pseudo-second-order equation with a rate constant of 1.0×10?3 mg/g min. The Langmuir isotherm model was employed in order to adjust adsorption data, and the capacity was shown to depend on pH. The adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) at pH 9.0 was 30.2 mg/g (0.58 mmol/g), while at pH 4.5 the capacity was 68.3 mg/g (1.31 mmol/g). Cr(VI) ions can be eluted from cross-linked QCS by treatment with a 1 mol/l solution of NaCl/NaOH showing an efficiency of more than 95%.Keywords: Adsorption, Chitosan, Chromium(VI), Cu(II), Derivatives, Heavy-Metals, Ion Exchanger, Quaternary Chitosan Salt, Removal, Water? Parajuli, D., Inoue, K., Ohto, K., Oshima, T., Murota, A., Funaoka, M. and Makino, K. (2005), Adsorption of heavy metals on crosslinked lignocatechol: A modified lignin gel. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 62 (2), 129-139.Full Text: 2005\Rea Fun Pol62, 129.pdfAbstract: Crosslinked lignocatechol gel was prepared by immobilizing catechol onto wood lignin followed by crosslinking. The adsorption behavior of crosslinked lignocatechol was studied batchwise by varying different parameters like pH, initial concentration of metal ions and shaking time. Based on the results obtained in batchwise experiments, breakthrough profiles were examined using a column packed with crosslinked lignocatechol gel for the separation of small concentration of Pb(II) from an excess of Zn(II) followed by elution tests. Ten consecutive adsorption-elution cycles were conducted so as to check the stability and efficiency of the gel for recycling purpose. A constant efficiency was observed that reveals the feasibility of recycling of the gel. Cation exchange mechanism is postulated as the predominant process of the adsorption. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Behavior, Celluloses, Concentration, Copper(II), Crosslinking, Efficiency, Heavy Metals, Lignin, Lignocatechol, Mechanism, Metal Ions, Metals, Model Compounds, Modified, Modified Lignin, Parameters, Pb(II), Pesticides, pH, Phase-Separation Process, Profiles, Recycling, Separation, Sorptions, Stability, Wood, Zinc(II) Ions? Khan, A.A., Inamuddin and Alam, M.M. (2005), Determination and separation of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using a fibrous type organic-inorganic hybrid cation-exchange material: Polypyrrole thorium(IV) phosphate. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 63 (2), 119-133.Full Text: 2005\Rea Fun Pol63, 119.pdfAbstract: The separation of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions was studied using a fibrous type polypyrrole thorium(IV) phosphate cation-exchanger column. This type of organic inorganic composite material was prepared by incorporating polypyrrole into inorganic precipitate of Th(IV) phosphate, providing a new class of hybrid cation-exchangers with good ionexchange capacity, higher stability, reproducibility and selectivity for heavy metals. The physico-chemical properties of this material were determined using some instrumental analyses. Ion-exchange capacity, pH-titrations, elution and distribution behavior etc. were also carried out to understand the ion-exchange behavior of the material. On the basis of distribution studies, the material was found to be highly selective for Pb(II) and its selectivity was examined by achieving some important binary separations like Pb(II)-Zn(II), Pb(II)-Al(III), Pb(II)-Mg(II), Zn(II)-Hg(II) etc. on its column that indicate its utility in environmental pollution control in one-way or other. For the determination of Pb(II) ions in solutions, a new heterogeneous precipitate based selective ion-sensitive membrane electrode was developed by means of this composite cation-exchanger as electroactive material. The membrane electrode is mechanically stable, with a quick response time, and can be operated over a wide pH range. The selectivity coefficients were determined by mixed solution method and revealed that the electrode is selective for Pb(II) in presence of interfering cations. The practical utility of this membrane electrode has been established by employing it as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Pb(II). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Aqueous Solutions, Behavior, Capacity, Cation Exchange, Cation-Exchanger, Composites, Control, Determination, Heavy Metals, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchanger, Nanocomposites, Organic-Inorganic Composite Cation-Exchanger, Pb(II), Pb(II) Ion-Selective Membrane Electrode, Pb(II) Separation, Pb2+, pH, Pollution, Polypyrrole Th(IV) Phosphate, Potentiometric Titrations, Selective Membrane-Electrode, Titration, Toxic ElementBajpai, S.K. and Johnson, S. (2005), Superabsorbent hydrogels for removal of divalent toxic ions. Part I: Synthesis and swelling characterization. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 62 (3), 271-283.Full Text: R\Rea Fun Pol62, 271.pdfAbstract: In this study, co-polymeric hydrogels, synthesized by polymerization of acrylamide and sodium acrylate in aqueous medium, have been characterized with respect to their swelling behaviour and structural parameters. The gels exhibited appreciable water uptake in distilled water and the swelling exponent has been found to be in the range 0.60-0.80, thus indicating non-Fickian mechanism. The gels demonstrated second-order kinetics as confirmed from the linear nature of the plots obtained by fitting the experimental data to Schott equation. To obtain better model for above 60% water uptake, the Beren-Hopfenberg differential model was applied, which also enabled to calculate the relaxation constants. The value of apparent activation energy for the sample containing 44 percent mole fraction of sodium acrylate was found to be 13.85 kJ mol-1 as determined from the Arrhenius plot, while the sample without sodium acrylate exhibited higher activation energy of 17.00 kJ mol-1. The enthalpy of mixing was determined using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. The values of &UDelta; Hi(mx) were found to be -0.827 and 1.021 kJ mol-1 for the samples with 44 and 29 percent mol fraction of sodium acrylate. Finally, the swollen gels demonstrated a sharp volume phase transition when put in the solutions of divalent ions, i.e., Ni2+ and Ba2+ ions, thus proving their candidature for being used in removal of toxic divalent ions from their aqueous solutions via divalent-monovalent ion-exchange mechanism. &COPY; 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Swelling, Hydrogels, Second Order, Activation Energy, Enthalpy of Mixing, Physiological Salt-Solutions, Polyacrylate Hydrogels, Poly(Acrylic Acid), Polymer Networks, Drug-Delivery, Behavior, Kinetics, Adsorption, Mechanism, TransportUzun, L., Say, R. and Denizli, A. (2005), Porous poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) based monolith as a new adsorbent for affinity chromatography. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 64 (2), 93-102.Full Text: 2005\Rea Fun Pol64, 93.pdfAbstract: A new approach was developed to obtain an efficient and cost effective purification of IgG from human plasma. Porous monoliths were obtained by the bulk polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N-methacryloyl-(l)-histidinemethylester (MAH) conducted in a glass tube. Poly(HEMA-MAH) monolith had a specific surface area of 145.8 m2/g. Poly(HEMA-MAH) monolith was characterized by swelling studies, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Poly(HEMA-MAH) monolith with a swelling ratio of 68%, and containing 47.8 μmol MAH/g were used in the adsorption/desorption of IgG from aqueous solutions and human plasma. The maximum amount of IgG adsorption from aqueous solution in phosphate buffer was 9.8 mg/g at pH 7.4. A higher adsorption value was obtained from human plasma (up to 96.5 mg/g) with a purity of 95.3%. It was observed that IgG could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with Poly(HEMA-MAH) monolith without significant loss in the adsorption capacity.Keywords: Monoliths, Antibody Separation, Protein Purification, Pseudospecific Adsorbents, IgG? Khasbaatar, A.D., Ko, Y.G. and Choi, U.S. (2007), Adsorption and equilibrium adsorption modeling of bivalent metal cations on viscose rayon succinate at different pHs. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 67 (4), 312-321.Full Text: 2007\Rea Fun Pol67, 312.pdfAbstract: A viscose rayon succinate (VRS) was studied as a chelating fiber for the removal of metal ions from an aqueous solution. VRS was synthesized successfully from viscose rayon (VR) and succinic anhydride in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and was characterized by C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance C-13 NMR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The maximum bivalent metal ion adsorption capacity of the VRS was 6.2 meq/g. Studies on the adsorption behaviour of VRS and its ability to remove bivalent trace metals such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+ from an aqueous solution were performed both by FT-IR and quantitative analyses at different pHs. The results showed that the adsorption of metals on VRS increased as pH increased, and furthermore, that the adsorption capacity of metal ions could be classified as Cu2+ > Zn2+. > Ni2+ > Pb2+. The adsorption modeling for the interpretation of empirical data was carried out by assuming a probability factor, P(A), and a degree of protonation, chi. Surface potential, psi(0), and an ratio of surface equilibrium constants, K-effect, were obtained using the model. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Viscose Rayon Succinate, Chelating Fiber, FT-IR, Metal Adsorption, Modeling, Cellulose Derivatives, Functional-Groups, Chelating Fiber, Heavy-Metals, Chemistry, Exchangers, Complexes, Recovery, Disease, Resin? Yu, J.X., Tong, M., Sun, X.M. and Li, B.H. (2007), Biomass grafted with polyamic acid for enhancement of cadmium(II) and lead(II) biosorption. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 67 (6), 564-572.Full Text: 2007\Rea Fun Pol67, 564.pdfAbstract: In this study, a simple method was used to prepare modified biomass to improve its adsorption capacity for Cd2+ and Pb2+. The modified biomass of baker’s yeast was obtained by grafting polyamic acid, which was prepared via the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and lysine, onto the surface of glutaraldehyde-pretreated biomass at 50°C for 3 h. The presence of polyamic acid on the biomass surface was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the morphologies of the biomass before and after modification were observed by microscope. Due to the high density of the carboxyl and amide groups on the biomass surface, the uptake for Cd2+ and Pb2+ showed a significant increase. According to Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the maximum uptake for Cd2+ and Pb2+ were 95.2 and 204.5 mg g-1, which were 15- and 11-fold for that obtained on the uncontaminated biomass. The kinetics for Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The results of FTIR and XPS revealed that carboxyl, amide, and hydroxyl groups on the biomass surface were involved in the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Alginate, Baker’s Yeast, Biomass, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Carboxyl, Cd, Cd2+, Cu(II), Density, FTIR, Grafted, Grafting, Groups, Hydroxyl, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Lead, Lead(II), Lysine, Metal-Ions, Model, Modification, Modified, Modified Fungal Biomass, Pb, Pb(II), Pb2+, Pb2+ Adsorption, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Polyamic Acid, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Reaction, Removal, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Surface, Uptake, Wastewaters, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS, Yeast, Yeast Biomass, Zinc? Vieira, E.F.S., Cestari, A.R., Lopes, E.C.N., Barreto, L.S., Lazaro, G.S. and Almeida, L.E. (2007), Determination of kinetic parameters from isothermal calorimetry for interaction processes of pyrimethamine with chitosan derivatives. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 67 (9), 820-827.Full Text: 2007\Rea Fun Pol67, 820.pdfAbstract: The interaction of the antifolate drug pyrimethamine with chitosan derivatives, namely, chit-GLT (glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan gel beads) and chit-Cu (chit-GLT beads treated with copper solution) has been investigated from isothermal calorimetry at 298 and 308 K, being studied in terms of the Avrarmi and pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic models. The Avrami model provided a high fitting with the experimental data. The results have pointed out the slower kinetic for pyrimethamine sorption on chit-GLT compared to chit-Cu, in agreement with the reaction time obtained from calorimetry. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetic Modeling, Aqueous-Solution, Beads, Calorimetry, Cations, Chitosan, Chitosan Derivatives, Copper, Cross-Linked Chitosan, Crosslinked, Drug, Dyes, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experimental Data, Fitting, Gel, Gel Beads, Gene-Delivery-Systems, Glutaraldehyde, Interaction, Isothermal, Isothermal Calorimetry, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Parameters, Model, Models, Modified Silica-Gel, Oligomers, Parameters, Pyrimethamine, Reaction, Reaction Time, Second Order, Sorption, Thermochemical Data, Time, Titration? Gazi, M. and Bicak, N. (2007), Selective boron extraction by polymer supported 2-hydroxylethylamino propylene glycol functions. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 67 (10), 936-942.Full Text: 2007\Rea Fun Pol67, 936.pdfAbstract: Boron sorption ability of polymer supported 2-hydroxyethylamino propylene glycol functions was investigated. 2-hydroxyethylamino propylene glycol was prepared by reaction of glycidol with excess ethanolamine in N-methyl, 2-pyrrolidone (NMP). This was reacted with terpolymer of glycidyl metacrylate (0.4 mol) with methyl metacrylate (0.5 mol) and divinylbenzene (0.1 mol) which was prepared in spherical beads form (210-422 m) by suspension polymerization. The resulting terpolymer having hydroxyethylarnino propylene glycol functions (1.82 mmol g-1) was found to be as efficient as previously reported iminodipropylene glycol functional resins in removal of trace boron from water. The resin showed a boron loading capacity of 1.6 mmol g-1. Nearly second-order kinetics, with respect to the boric acid (k = 1.65 mol 1-1 s-1, with a correlation factor of 0.99129) was determined in non-buffered conditions. It was observed that, more than 95% of boron is extracted by this resin from very dilute H3BO3 solution (100 ppm initial concentration) in less than 30 min of contact time. Splitting of sorbed boron can be achieved by simple acid leaching (4 M HCl) and regenerated by NaOH (0.1 M) solution. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Keywords: Acid, Beads, Boric Acid, Boron, Boron Removal, Boron Specific Resin, Capacity, Concentration, Contact Time, Correlation, Divinylbenzene, Extraction, Functional, Functional Polymer, HCl, Hydroxylethyl Amino Propylene Glycol, Kinetics, Leaching, Loading, NaOH, NMP, Poly (Glycidyl Metacrylate), Polymer, Polymer Supported, Polymerization, Propylene, Reaction, Removal, Resin, Resins, Second Order, Second Order Kinetics, Second-Order Kinetics, Sorbed, Sorption, Suspension, Suspension Polymerization, Time, Trace, Water? Vasconcelos, H.L., Fávere, V.T., Gon?alves, N.S. and Laranjeira, M.C.M. (2007), Chitosan modified with Reactive Blue 2 dye on adsorption equilibrium of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 67 (10), 1052-1060.Full Text: 2007\Rea Fun Pol67, 1052.pdfAbstract: This study aimed at immobilizing Reactive Blue 2 (RB 2) dye in chitosan microspheres through nucleophilic substitution reaction. The adsorbent chemical modification was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. This adsorption study was carried out with Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions and indicated a pH dependence, while the maximum adsorption occurred around pH 7.0 and 8.5, respectively. The pseudo second-order kinetic model resulted in the best fit with experimental data obtained from Cu(II) (R = 0.997) and Ni(II) (R = 0.995), also providing a rate constant, k(2), of 4.8510-4 and 3.8110-4 g (mg min) -1, respectively, thus suggesting that adsorption rate of metal ions by chitosan-RB 2 depends on the concentration of ions on adsorbent surface, as well as on their concentration at equilibrium. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed in the analysis of the experimental data for the adsorption, in the form of linearized equations. Langmuir model resulted in the best fit for both metals and maximum adsorption was 57.0 mg g-1 (0.90 mmol g-1) for Cu(II) and 11.2 mg g-1 (0.19 mmol g-1) for Ni(II). The Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions were desorbed from chitosan-RB 2 with aqueous solutions of EDTA and H2SO4, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Rate, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solution, Chemical, Chemical Modification, Chitin, Chitosan, Chitosan Microspheres, Concentration, Copper(II) Ions, Cu(II), Dependence, Desorption, Dye, EDTA, Equations, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experimental Data, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, H2SO4, Hydrogel Beads, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm, Langmuir Model, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal-Ions, Metals, Microspheres, Model, Models, Modification, Modified, Ni(II), pH, pH Dependence, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetic, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Raman, Raman Spectroscopy, Rate, Rate Constant, Reaction, Reactive Blue 2 Dye, Removal, Second Order, Selectivity, Solutions, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Surface, Thermogravimetric, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Water? Ipek, I.Y., Holdich, R., Kabay, N., Bryjak, M. and Yüksel, M. (2007), Kinetic behaviour of boron selective resins for boron removal using seeded microfiltration system. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 67 (12), 1628-1634.Full Text: 2007\Rea Fun Pol67, 1628.pdfAbstract: In this study, boron selective ion exchange resins (Dowex-XUS 43594.00 and Purolite S 108) and model boron solutions at different ionic strengths were used in order to perform continuous kinetic studies in a seeded microfiltration stirred cell provided by Micropore Technologies (UK). Mass transfer modelling based on a well stirred system, including maximum capacity (Q(m), mg/g) and Langmuir constant (b, L/mg) values obtained from a Langmuir isotherm, coupled with film diffusion around the resin particle and internal diffusion within the particle, was used to predict concentration change of boron against time. Finally, experimental results were compared with the modelling data for different ionic strength mediums to determine the diffusivity of boron inside the resin and mass transfer coefficients. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Boron, Ion Exchange Resin, Ionic Strength, Kinetic Study, Mass Transfer, Modeling, Ion-Exchange-Resins, Geothermal Waste-Water, Sorption-Elution, Power-Plant, Recovery, Batch, Membranes, Column, Tests, Model? Kabay, N., Sarp, S., Yüksel, M., Arar, ?. and Bryjak, M. (2007), Removal of boron from seawater by selective ion exchange resins. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 67 (12), 1643-1650.Full Text: 2007\Rea Fun Pol67, 1643.pdfAbstract: Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process is an efficient and reliable membrane technology for the production of drinking water from seawater. However, some serious limitations had recently been discovered during the field practice. Boron problem is one of them. According to the WHO regulations, the boron concentration should be lower than 0.5 mg/L in drinking water. It is still difficult to reduce boron level to 0.5 mg/L or lower with the conventional reverse osmosis desalination plants equipped with commercially available RO membranes. Therefore, more efficient separation technologies are needed for boron removal.In this study, the performance of the boron-selective ion exchange resins containing N-methyl glucamine groups, as Diaion CRB 02 and Dowex XUS 43594.00, have been tested for boron removal from model seawater. The kinetic performances of these resins were compared. The kinetic data obtained were evaluated using Lagergren pseudo-first-order and second-order models. Also, the process kinetics were predicted by using diffusion models. In addition, column-mode tests have been carried out for boron removal from model seawater.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Boron Removal, Boron-Selective Ion Exchange Resin, Desalination, Electrodialysis, Environment, Geothermal Waste-Water, Ion Exchange, Kinetics, Mechanism, Permeate, Power-Plant, Recovery, Seawater, Sorption-Elution? Denis, M.F.L., Carballo, R.R., Spiaggi, A.J., Dabas, P.C., Orto, V.C.D., Martínez, J.M.L. and Buldain, G.Y. (2008), Synthesis and sorption properties of a polyampholyte. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 68 (1), 169-181.Full Text: 2008\Rea Fun Pol68, 169.pdfAbstract: A novel material that combines mechanical resistance with ampholyte character was easily obtained by the reaction of methacrylic acid, 2-methylimidazole and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. The structure was studied by solid-state C-13 NMR and FT IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and potentiometric titration.The interaction of this new material with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein was explored. The protein bound electrostatically to the basic form of the polyampholyte at low ionic strength even when both species had negative net charge. The BSA polyampholyte complex was evidenced by FT IR and SEM.The adsorption properties were optimal, attributed to the combination of basic and acid groups in the same network, with a maximum loading capacity of 0.7307 g g-1 and a K-d: 5.7010-6 evaluated by the Langmuir model.The release of BSA was controlled by dissociation kinetics of the complex rather than by diffusion, and the total desorbed amount depended on the electrolyte content of the medium. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Polyampholyte, 2-Methylimidazole, Methacrylic Acid, Ethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether, Bovine Serum Albumin, Bovine Serum-Albumin, Protein, Adsorption, Gel, Polyelectrolytes, Complexation, Imidazole, Kinetics, Binding, Acid? Vasconcelos, H.L., Camargo, T.P., Gon?alves, N.S., Neves, A., Laranjeira, M.C.M. and Fávere, V.T. (2008), Chitosan crosslinked with a metal complexing agent: Synthesis, characterization and copper(II) ions adsorption. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 68 (2), 572-579.Full Text: 2008\Rea Fun Pol68, 572.pdfAbstract: In this study, chitosan was crosslinked using the complexing agent N-N’-[bis(2-hydroxy-3-formyl-5-methylbenzyl-dimethyl)]-ethylenediamine (H(2)fmbme). The chemical modification was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The new chelating polymer was used in batch processes to study Cu(II) ion adsorption in aqueous solution. The results showed that adsorption was dependent on the pH of the solution, with a maximum capacity at around pH 6.0. The adsorption kinetics data were best fitted with the pseudo second-order model, which gave a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and a 1.53% deviation between experimental and calculated q(e) values. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm (R = 0.999), which revealed that the maximum capacity for monolayer saturation was 113.6 mg Cu(II) per gram of the new adsorbent material (1.79 mmol/g). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Kinetics, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Capacity, Characterization, Chitin, Chitosan, Complexation, Complexing Agent, Copper Adsorption, Copper(II), Crosslinked Chitosan, Cu(II), Cu(II) Ion, Cu(II) Ions, Derivatives, Equilibrium, Experimental, Gel Beads, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Linking, Metal, Model, Modification, Monolayer, pH, Pseudo Second-Order, Raman, Rights, Saturation, Solution, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Tripolyphosphate? Valderrama, C., Cortina, J.L., Farran, A., Gamisans, X. and de las Heras, F.X. (2008), Evaluation of hyper-cross-linked polymeric sorbents (Macronet MN200 and MN300) on dye (Acid red 14) removal process. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 68 (3), 679-691.Full Text: 2008\Rea Fun Pol68, 679.pdfAbstract: Polymeric supports are presented as an alternative to granular activated carbon (GAC) for organic contaminants removal from waste waters from industrial processes. The present work describes the sorption of an azo dye (Acid red 14) from aqueous solution onto Macronet polymeric sorbent MN200 and MN300. Batch experiments were performed to determine loading isotherms and loading rates at different pH. The behaviour of a non-functionalized Macronet support MN200 was compared with Macronet MN300 containing tertiary amine groups. The loadings achieved were 65 g kg-1 for MN200 and 108 g kg-1 for MN300. The influence of the acidity on dye removal was notable; the decrease of pH provides an increase on the loading around 100% of the value reported at neutral pH. Equilibrium data were modelled with Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The hyper-cross-linked polymers extract Acid red 14, via a complex sorption process depending on the aqueous feed composition and depending on the nature of the sorbent evaluated. The Redlich-Peterson isotherm provides a better description of sorption data for both resins. Kinetic experiments were carried out for both sorbents at different pH and azo dye concentrations. Three theoretical models (pseudo-first, pseudo-second-order reaction and the Elovich model) were used to describe the Acid red 14 sorption kinetics, and to determine the sorption rate constants by graphical and numerical analysis of the experimental data by using the proposed models: The study showed that sorption systems followed a pseudo-first-order reaction model although the pseudo-second-order reaction model provides a good description of the sorption process. Column experiments were performed in order to compare the dynamic behaviour of the sorbents and their capacity of regeneration. Non-functionalized MN200 resin showed excellent behaviour during the regeneration process. After 3 bed volumes the amount of Acid red 14 eluted was almost 100%. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Acid Red 14, Activated Carbon, Adsorption Behavior, Alternative, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Behaviour, Capacity, Carbon, Chitosan Beads, Color Removal, Diffusion-Model, Dye, Dye Removal, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Freundlich, Granular Activated Carbon, Humic-Acid, Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene, Industrial Processes, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Macronet Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers, Mn200, Mn300, Model, Models, pH, Polymeric, Polymers, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Resins, Rights, Solution, Sorption, Waste Waters, Waste-Water, Work? Vincent, T., Parodi, A. and Guibal, E. (2008), Immobilization of Cyphos IL-101 in biopolymer capsules for the synthesis of Pd sorbents. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 68 (7), 1159-1169.Full Text: 2008\Rea Fun Pol68, 1159.pdfAbstract: Cyphos (R) IL 101, a tetraalkyl-phosphonium chloride salt, (ionic liquid, IL) was immobilized in capsules prepared by ionotropic gelation in calcium chloride solutions. These resins were tested for Pd recovery from HCl solutions. The sorption performance is slightly controlled by the concentration of HCl, in the range 0-2 M, with maximum sorption capacities close to 130-145 mg Pd g-1 resin (i.e. 1.2-1.4 mmol Pd g-1 resin or 0.96-1.07 mmol Pd mmol-1 Cyphos IL-101). Palladium, essentially present in the form PdCl42- is probably bound to the resin through anion exchange with protonated phosphonium groups (ion pair formation). Decreasing the amount of IL immobilized in the resin improves the rational use of the IL (higher molar ratio Pd/IL). The presence of other anions, for example nitrate, or other chloro-metal complexes, ZnCl42- decreases Pd binding, while other metals that do not form anionic complexes under the selected experimental conditions (for example Cu or Ni) do not interfere with Pd uptake. The pseudo-second-order rate equation was successfully used to model the kinetic profiles. Kinetics are mainly controlled by intra-particle diffusion resistance (low effect of agitation speed on the kinetic profiles). Crank’s equation was used to model intraparticle diffusion, giving intraparticle diffusivities close to 0.7-1.5×10-12 m2 min-1 for dry material and up to 5×10-12 m2 min-1 for wet resin. Drying the resin has a significant impact on mass transfer: uptake kinetics are improved by using raw resins. Desorption of the metal loaded resins can be performed using thiourea (in 0.1 M HCl solution) or HNO3 (5 M). The recycling and re-use of the resin was successfully demonstrated over three cycles; at the third desorption step a partial degradation of the resin was observed. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Agitation, Alginate, Alginate Microcapsules, Calcium, Calcium Chloride, Capsules, Chelating Resins, Chitosan Derivatives, Chloride, Concentration, Cyphos (R) Il 101, Desorption, Diffusion, Enclosing Cyanex-302 Extractant, Experimental, Gelatin, Gelation, Immobilized, Intra-Particle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion Exchange, Kinetic, Kinetics, Mass Transfer, Metal, Metals, Model, N-Substituted Diamides, Nitrate, Palladium, Palladium Sorption, Phosphonium Ionic Liquids, Platinum-Group Metals, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Recovery, Recycling, Resin, Resins, Resistance, Rights, Salt, Solution, Solvent-Impregnated Resins, Sorbents, Sorption, Spent Catalysts, Synthesis? Valderrama, C., Barios, J.I., Caetano, M., Farran, A. and Cortina, J.L. (2010), Kinetic evaluation of phenol/aniline mixtures adsorption from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon and hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (MN200). Reactive & Functional Polymers, 70 (3), 142-150.Full Text: 2010\Rea Fun Pol70, 142.pdfAbstract: Kinetic adsorption of phenol and aniline from aqueous solution onto activated carbon and hypercrosslinked polymeric resin MN200 were evaluated in single and binary system. Larger phenol and aniline uptakes were observed for activated carbon in single as well as binary system, which can be attributed to the better physical properties of activated carbon, for instance larger surface area and micropore area. The kinetic experimental data was properly fitted by the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order rate equations. A synergetic effect between solutes was observed since phenol and aniline sorption kinetic in binary system was faster than the individual sorption of each solute in single system, as well as a slight increase in the kinetic parameters obtained in binary system. The particle diffusion rate was defined as the rate limiting mechanism in the singles and binary system for phenol and aniline kinetic adsorption on both adsorbents. Two steps were markedly defined by the Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion analysis for phenol and aniline onto both adsorbents. In binary systems, the intraparticle diffusion was influenced by the physical properties of adsorbents. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Analysis, Aniline, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Binary, Carbon, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficient, Dye, Evaluation, Experimental, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetic, Kinetic Adsorption, Kinetic Parameters, Macronet Hypersol MN200, Mar, Mechanism, MN200, Particle Diffusion, Phenol, Phenol, Aniline, Physical, Polymeric, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First and, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Removal, Resin, Resin MN200, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Surface, Surface Area, Synergetic Effect, Synergistic Adsorption, Systems, Waste-Water? Monier, M., Ayad, D.M., Wei, Y. and Sarhan, A.A. (2010), Preparation and characterization of magnetic chelating resin based on chitosan for adsorption of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 70 (4), 257-266.Full Text: 2010\Rea Fun Pol70, 257.pdfAbstract: Cross-linked magnetic chitosan–diacetylmonoxime Schiff’s base resin (CSMO) was prepared for adsorption of metal ions. CSMO obtained was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR, 1H NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), magnetic properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption properties of cross-linked magnetic CSMO resin toward Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions were evaluated. Various factors affecting the uptake behavior such as contact time, temperature, pH and initial concentration of the metal ions were investigated. The kinetics was evaluated utilizing the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics followed the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order equation for all systems studied, evidencing chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step of adsorption mechanism and not involving a mass transfer in solution. The best interpretation for the equilibrium data was given by Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 95±4, 60±1.5, and 47±1.5 mg/g for Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions, respectively. Cross-linked magnetic CSMO displayed higher adsorption capacity for Cu2+ in all pH ranges studied. The adsorption capacity of the metal ions decreased with increasing temperature. The metal ion-loaded cross-linked magnetic CSMO were regenerated with an efficiency of greater than 84% using 0.01–0.1 M ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Mechanism, Adsorption Properties, Analysis, Behavior, Capacity, Characterization, Chelating Resin, Chemical, Chitosan, Co(II), Co2+, Concentration, Cross-Linked, Cross-Linked Chitosan, Cu(II), Cu2+, Data, Diacetylmonoxime, EDTA, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FTIR, Gel Beads, Glutaraldehyde, H-1-NMR, Hg(II), Ions, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Magnetic, Magnetic Properties, Magnetic Resin, Mass Transfer, Mechanism, Mercury(II), Metal, Metal Ions, Metal-Ions, Models, Ni(II), Ni(II) Ions, Ni2+, NMR, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Equation, Rate Limiting Step, Rate-Limiting Step, Resin, Rights, Schiff’s Base, Selective Separation, SEM, Solution, Sorption, Systems, Temperature, TGA, Time, Uptake, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction? Salem, M.A. (2010), The role of polyaniline salts in the removal of direct blue 78 from aqueous solution: A kinetic study. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 70 (10), 707-714.Full Text: 2010\Rea Fun Pol70, 707.pdfAbstract: Three polyaniline salts (PANI-H2SO4, PANI-H3PO4, and PANI-HNO3) have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. They have been tested as adsorbents for the removal of the textile dye direct blue 78 (DB78) from aqueous solution. The interaction followed pseudo-second-order kinetics whether the rate of interaction was measured from the depletion of dye concentration in solution or the increase in the amount of dye adsorbed on the PANI surface. The removal rate was a function of the activity of the polymer as well as the reaction parameters of the polymer/dye system. The activity of the PANI depended on the polymerization conditions. These conditions involve the concentration of aniline, ammonium peroxydisulfate as oxidant, and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), the type of dopant acid (H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3), and the polymerization time. Higher removal rate was observed at oxidant/aniline mole ratio equals 1. The rate of removal was in the order PANI-H3PO4 > PANI-H2SO4 > PANI-HNO3. The rate decreased with increasing the concentration of DB78 and pH. It increased with increasing the load of PANI. Pseudo-second-order kinetics, external surface adsorption, and intraparticle diffusion models were concurrently operating in the removal of D878 with PAM. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Ammonium, Aniline, Aqueous Solution, Azo-Dye, Carboxylic-Acids, Catalyst, Chemical, Concentration, Diffusion, Direct Blue 78, Dye, Dye Removal, Function, H3PO4, Hydrogen-Peroxide, Interaction, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Kinetics, Load, Methylene-Blue, Models, Optimum Reaction Conditions, Oxidant, Oxidative Decolorization, PAM, PANI, pH, Photocatalytic Degradation, Polyaniline, Polymer, Polymerization, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, Rights, Role, Salts, SDS, Sodium, Solution, Surface, Textile Dye, Waste-Water? Ofomaja, A.E. (2010), Biosorption studies of Cu(II) onto Mansonia sawdust: Process design to minimize biosorbent dose and contact time. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 70 (11), 879-889.Full Text: 2010\Rea Fun Pol70, 879.pdfAbstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the various operating processes and determine the overall biosorption rate and how each of the processes influences biosorption. The results revealed that external mass transfer, film diffusion and ion exchange were predominant at the initial 5 min of biosorption and their rate constants were measured. The pseudo-second order model rate constants were determined and the relationship between these constants and the biosorption performance such as the approaching equilibrium factor, R-w, the rate factor k(2)q(e), the biosorption half-life (t(0.5)) and the operating time (t(x)) were determined. The pore and film diffusion coefficients decreased with increasing copper(II) concentration. The values of initial biosorption factor, R-i, for the biosorption process showed that for all initial copper(II) concentrations, initial biosorption was faster than intraparticle diffusion. The activation energies. enthalpies, entropies and free energies for each of the operating processes were determined and the results showed that film diffusion had the highest activation energy and may be the overall rate limiting step. Mathematical models for the optimization of multistage process for minimum biosorbent mass and contact time were also developed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption-Kinetics, Aqueous-Solution, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption Performance, Contact Time, Copper(II), Cu(II), Diffusion, Equilibrium, Exchange, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion Exchange, Kaolinite, Lead, Limiting Step, Mass Transfer, Methylene-Blue, Model, Models, Multistage Optimization, Optimization, Overall Rate Limiting Step, Palm Kernel Fiber, Performance, Pore, Pore And Film Diffusion, Process, Processes, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Sawdust, Sorption, Wood SawdustTitle: Reactive PolymersContinued as Reactive and Functional PolymersFull Journal Title: Reactive PolymersISO Abbreviated Title: React. Polym.JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0923-1137Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Chanda, M., O’Driscoll, K.F. and Rempel, G.M. (1983), Sorption of phenolics onto cross-linked poly (4-vinyl pyridine). Reactive Polymers, 1, 281-293.? van Cutsem, P., Metdagh, M.M., Rouxhet, P.G. and Gillet, C. (1984), Preliminary electron-spin-resonance study and relation with ion-exchange thermodynamics of copper adsorbed on a biological ion-exchanger - the nitella-flexilis cell-wall. Reactive Polymers, 2 (1-2), 31-35.? Chikuma, M. and Nishimura, M. (1990), Selective sorption of fluoride ions by anion-exchange resin modified with alizarin fluorine blue praseodymium(III) complex. Reactive Polymers, 13 (1-2), 131-138.Full Text: Rea Poly13, 131Horst, J., H?ll, W.H. and Eberle, S.H. (1990), Application of the surface complex-formation model to exchange equilibria on ion-exchange resins. Part I. Weak-acid resins. Reactive Polymers, 13 (3), 209-231.Full Text: R\Rea Poly13, 209.pdfAbstract: Ion exchange equilibria on weak-acid resins are described by means of a theoretical approach, in which fixed sites and counterions are assumed to form so-called surface complexes. The electric charges of the fixed sites generate an electric field normal to the resin surface. Counterions are located in individual sorption layers which have a certain charge density. Due to the existence of one layer for each kind of counterions, the entire resin phase can be considered as a series of electric capacitors. For the exchange of protons against metal counterion a set of always two characteristic quantities has to be derived from experiments. By means of this set of constants, the equilibrium can be calculated for a broad range of initial conditions. If relationships about the capacitances in a series of electric capacitors are applied, multicomponent equilibria can be predicted using the sets of binary exchange parameters. The assumption that all counterions are located in their characteristic layers leads to a simplified mathematical method. As supported by a large number of results the surface complex formation model provides an excellent agreement between experimental data and predicted equilibria.? Grote, M., Sandrock, M. and Kettrup, A. (1990), Matrix effects of dehydrodithizone modified polymers on the sorption and desorption of precious Metals. Reactive Polymers, 13 (3), 267-290.Full Text: Rea Poly13, 267.pdfNicolas-Simonnot, J.O., Fernandez, M.A., Chenevière, P., Bailly, M. and Grévillot, G. (1992), Model for capacity variation of a weak-acid and weak-base ion exchangers as a function of the ionic environment. Reactive Polymers, 17 (1), 39-50.Full Text: R\Rea Poly17, 39.pdfAbstract: The ionization of weak-acid and weak-base ion-exchangers is investigated using acid-base titrations. Experiments are performed with gel-type resins Duolite A368 and A375, and with pellicular silica-based supports IBF CM and DEAE Spherodex LS. A method to write reaction schemes is proposed with special attention to weak-base anion-exchangers, and results are modelled with the aid of a computer program. A good agreement between experimental and calculated results is observed. General trends of the titration curves are explained, as well as the influence of adjustable parameters. The question of the variations of the apparent capacity is treated.Keywords: Weak Ion-Exchanger, Model, Equilibrium, Ionic, Capacity VariationsMisak, N.Z. (1993), Langmuir isotherm and its application in ion-exchange reactions. Reactive Polymers, 21 (1-2), 53-64.Full Text: R\Rea Poly21, 53.pdfAbstract: The simple Langmuir isotherm equation for adsorption of a single adsorbate on a single-site surface is still frequently applied to ion-exchange reactions. When a single straight line is not obtained by this equation, a multi-site surface is assumed and additional terms of the equation are used for analysis. Ion exchange should be considered as a competitive adsorption of two sorbates. Apart from the fact that the selectivity coefficient or separation factor must be constant, other conditions of application of the equation are frequently overlooked. This paper is intended to stress these conditions and to point to the uncertainties in the quantities and conclusions derived from the Langmuir plots of ion-exchange data.Keywords: Langmuir Isotherm, Mass Action Law, Single-Site Adsorption, Multisite Adsorption, Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Alkali Cation-Exchange, Hydrous Tin Oxide, Ferric-Oxide, Adsorption, Sorption, Behavior, Ceria, Thermodynamics, Selectivity, CadmiumGuibal, E., Saucedo, I., Roussy, J. and Le Cloirec, P. (1994), Uptake of uranyl ions by new sorbing polymers: Discussion of adsorption isotherms and pH effect. Reactive Polymers, 23 (2-3), 147-156.Full Text: R\Rea Poly23, 147.pdfAbstract: Chitosan is a natural polymer well known for its efficient uptake of heavy metals. The modification of this polymer by the substitution of functional groups from organic acids allows new sorbents with high sorption capacities to be obtained: NDTC with ascorbic acid and glutamate glucan with oxo-2-glutaric acid. The mechanism of sorption is investigated and several sorption models are applied such as the Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models which fit experimental results well. These results are explained by the heterogeneity of the polymer surface, the variability of metal species in solution and possible interactions between the molecules sorbed. The effects of several parameters such as pH and metal ion concentration are examined and demonstrate the relative importance of metal speciation on sorption performances and mechanisms. The grafting of functional groups creates some heterogeneity of sorption energy, which explains the selectivity seen in the best models. Metal ions are firstly bound onto more energetic sites (nitrogen groups) and later onto other substituting functions.Keywords: Uranyl Recovery, Modified Chitosan, Sorption Models, pH Effect, Rhizopus-arrhizus, Metal-Ions, Uranium Biosorption, Glutamate Glucan, Chitosan, Mechanism, Sorption, Binding, Surface, ChitinTitle: RéanimationFull Journal Title: RéanimationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorJude, B. and Susen, S. (2002), Coagulation intravasculaire disséminée en réanimation: utilisation des inhibiteurs de la voie du facteur tissulaire: Tissue factor pathway inhibition in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Réanimation, 11 (8), 638-644.Full Text: R\Reanimation11, 638.pdfAbstract: In most disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndromes, the culprit is an inappropriate exposition of tissue factor (TF) to the circulation. This contact results from major tissue lesions, abnormal TF expression by circulating cells (monocytes) in Gram+ or Gram– sepsis, or TF expression by malignant cells. TF exposition to plasma leads to the activation of the coagulation cascade, and to a subsequent thrombin generation. Moreover, the binding of TF to its natural ligand, factor VII, leads to intracellular signalisation which induces the synthesis of proinflamatory cytokines, with subsequent leukocyte activation and majoration of the pathophysiological process. The TF pathway can be specifically inhibited by two means: 1. Infusion of recombinant TFPI, which is the natural inhibitor of the TF-factor VIIa complex, or 2. Infusion of an inactive recombinant substitute for FVIIa, FFR-VIIa. These two molecules are currently tested in humans, the first one in sepsis-related DIC, and the second one in acute respiratory distress syndrome, another condition associated with TF pathway activation.Fumeaux, T., Rothmeier, C. and Jolliet, P. (2003), Les fibroses pulmonaires en réanimation: Pulmonary fibrosis in the intensive care unit. Réanimation, 12 (1), 37-45.Full Text: R\Reanimation12, 37.pdfAbstract: Introduction – Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary fibroses associated with systemic diseases are the most frequent diffuse interstitial pulmonary diseases. These conditions usually evolve slowly but irrevocably towards terminal respiratory failure. Their clinical course can also be complicated by episodes of severe acute respiratory failure, whose cause is not always obvious. Admission to the intensive care unit for respiratory support can then be discussed.News and facts – Few data in the literature have described the diagnostic and therapeutic management of acute respiratory failure in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Recent retrospective series shed some new light on this management, underlining its difficult nature. Mechanical ventilation generally leads to the patient’s death, despite anti-infectious and immunosuppressive treatments.Perspectives and projects – The mortality rate of acute respiratory failure in patients with pulmonary fibrosis is very high. A non aggressive ventilatory strategy, such as proposed in the acute respiratory distress syndrome, could lead to a decrease in the ventilator-induced lesions that possibly occur in these fragile lungs. Only prospective studies, which would be difficult to set up, could evaluate the impact of such a ventilatory approach on mortality.Mots-clé: Fibrose pulmonaire; Insuffisance respiratoire; Respiration artificielle; Soins intensifs; MortalitéMots-clé: Pulmonary fibrosis; Respiratory insufficiency; Artificial respiration; Critical care; MortalityNouira, S., Marghli, S. and Abroug, F. (2003), Antibiothérapie et exacerbation des bronchopneumopathies chroniques obstructives: Antibiotic therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Réanimation, 12 (1), 46-52.Full Text: R\Reanimation12, 46.pdfAbstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common and has an increasing worldwide prevalence. Patients with COPD may experience several acute exacerbations of their disease. These are usually treated by general practitioners, although severe exacerbations must lead to intensive care. The most commonly used definition of an acute exacerbation of COPD is a subjective increase of dyspnea, sputum volume and/or purulence, according to Anthonisen’s criteria. Although the role of infection in exacerbation of COPD remains controversial and incompletely understood, there is an increasing evidence that patients with severe episodes such as those requiring mechanical ventilation and those with at least two of the three cardinal symptoms of exacerbation should undergo antibiotic therapy. Stratification of patients into risk categories can identify high-risk patients and allow targeted antimicrobial therapy, particularly at resistant organisms. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the predominant organisms in patients with mild to moderate comorbidity and impairment of lung function. In this group of patients resistance to ?-lactams antibiotics such as ampicillin is high and treatment with antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, or second generation macrolide, or new quinolones are expected to be cost-effective. In older patients with severe comorbidity and poor underlying lung function, beside the usual respiratory organisms, other Gram-negative organisms, including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomoans species, are frequent. For this group, quinolones such as cirpofloxacin are probably the most suitable agents. In the future, we will need more prospective studies to corroborate and validate the current guidelines, in order to select patients who will really benefit from antibiotherapy and to determine if new antibiotics have significant clinical and economic advantages over standard ones.Title: Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Zeolites and Related Materials, Pts A - C Studies in Surface Science and CatalysisFull Journal Title: Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Zeolites and Related Materials, Pts A - C Studies in Surface Science and CatalysisISO Abbreviated Title: Recl. Trav. JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0167-2991Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Lam, K.F., Ho, K.Y., Yeung, K.L. and McKay, G. (2004), Selective adsorbents from chemically modified ordered mesoporous silica. Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Zeolites and Related Materials, Pts A - C Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 154, 2981-2986.Abstract: Ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) adsorbents were prepared by grafting amino, carboxylic and thiol-containing functional groups onto MCM-41 for the selective removal of dye and metal pollutants from wastewater. The amino containing OMS-NH2 adsorbent has a large adsorption capacity and a strong affinity for the Acid blue 25. It can selectively remove Acid blue 25 from a mixture of dyes (i.e., Acid blue 25 and Methylene blue). The OMS-COOH is a good adsorbent for Methylene blue displaying excellent adsorption capacity and selectivity for the dye. The chemically modified OMS adsorbents were also tested for the selective removal and recovery of metals (i.e., lead and copper). The OMS-SH adsorbent can selectively remove lead from solutions containing Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions, whereas the OMS-NH2 selectively adsorbed a large quantity of copper. The selectivity of the adsorbents for lead and copper is strongly influenced by pH. Indeed, by simply adjusting the pH, OMS-NH2 can adsorb mainly lead or copper from a mixture containing both metals.Keywords: MCM-41, Dyes, Metals, Pollutants, Adsorption and Environmental RemediationTitle: Recent Advance in Statistics Application and Related AreasFull Journal Title: Recent Advance in Statistics Application and Related AreasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Sun, S.R. and Ju, W.J. (2009), Bibliometric analysis of system research in the past 30 years of China’s reform and opening-up. Recent Advance in Statistics Application and Related Areas, 1-2, 6-13.Abstract: Through the bibliometric analysis of system research in the past 30 years of China’s reform and opening-up, some conclusions are obtained. Management system reform is an important power to our country’s economic development; economic production and people’s livings are the two obvious main lines in our country’s system reform; research papers of management system in some specific areas which have close correlations in management practice have important relativities. From a methodological point of view, our country’s system research experienced from comparison and reference to economic means mainly in generally. Although system reform has always been a research focus since China’s reform and opening-up, the management system reform in China is moving towards stability and maturity.Keywords: Bibliographic Statistics, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, China, Comparison, Economic, Economic Development, Management System, Research, Research Papers, System, System Research? Ke, J. (2009), Bibliometric Analysis of Information Ecology in China. Recent Advance in Statistics Application and Related Areas, 1-2, 395-399.Abstract: In this paper, papers about information ecology recorded by CSSCI (1998-2007) are collected and analyzed with statistical analysis and bibliomaric analysis such as year distribution, journal distribution, subject distribution, the core author and the geographical distribution of the author. So we can identify the core author, core journals, research institutes and the law of research on information ecology in China, and reveal the review of information ecology study and the main theme in China. In collusion, this paper indicates some problems and trends about study on information ecology.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, China, Core, CSSCI, Information Ecology, Journal, Journals, Research, Review, TrendsTitle: Recent Patents on EngineeringFull Journal Title: Recent Patents on EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1872-2121Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorTitle: Recherches de Theologie et Philosophie MedievalesFull Journal Title: Recherches de Theologie et Philosophie MedievalesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Albertson, D. (2010), A learned thief? Nicholas of Cusa and the Anonymous Fundamentum Naturae: Reassessing the Vorlage theory. Recherches de Theologie et Philosophie Medievales, 77 (2), 351-390.Abstract: The discovery of an anonymous manuscript that parallels several chapters of Nicholas of Cusa’s De docta ignorantia (1440) raises anew the charge of plagiarism against the German cardinal. This article evaluates Hoenen’s proposal that the anonymous treatise be viewed as a model (Vorlage) used in the composition of the Cusan work. After reviewing possible responses to the Vorlage theory, new textual evidence in support of Hoenen’s arguments is presented, but oversights and unanswered questions are also noted. Finally, a careful reading of an important passage of Apologia doctae ignorantiae (1449) reveals not only that Cusanus did name his source, however belatedly, but also how he perceived the author in relation to other sources stemming from the twelfth-century master, Thierry of Chartres.Keywords: Plagiarism, ReviewingTitle: Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-BasFull Journal Title: Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-BasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: IDS Number: V18UJIssues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorKolthoff, I.M. and Goot, E.V.D. (1929), The adsorption of hydroxybenzenes and other aromatic compounds and their replacing action upon each other at the interface water charcoal. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, 48, 265-287.Title: Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas-Journal of the Royal Netherlands Chemical SocietyFull Journal Title: Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas-Journal of the Royal Netherlands Chemical SocietyISO Abbreviated Title: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas-J. Roy. Neth. Chem. Soc.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rec Trav Chim-J Roy Neth ChemISSN: 0034-3404Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Ward, A.F.H. and Tordai, L. (1952), Time-dependence of boundary tensions of solutions. 2. Experimental determination of the kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption at liquid-liquid interfaces. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas-Journal of the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society, 71 (3), 396-408.? Ward, A.F.H. and Tordai, L. (1952), Time-dependence of boundary tensions of solutions. 4. Kinetics of adsorption at liquid-liquid interfaces. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas-Journal of the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society, 71 (5), 572-584.? Lam, K.F., Ho, K.Y., Yeung, K.L. and McKay, G. (2004), Selective adsorbents from chemically modified ordered mesoporous silica. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas-Journal of the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society, 154, 2981-2986.Abstract: Ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) adsorbents were prepared by grafting amino, carboxylic and thiol-containing functional groups onto MCM-41 for the selective removal of dye and metal pollutants from wastewater. The amino containing OMS-NH2 adsorbent has a large adsorption capacity and a strong affinity for the Acid blue 25. It can selectively remove Acid blue 25 from a mixture of dyes (i.e., Acid blue 25 and Methylene blue). The OMS-COOH is a good adsorbent for Methylene blue displaying excellent adsorption capacity and selectivity for the dye. The chemically modified OMS adsorbents were also tested for the selective removal and recovery of metals (i.e., lead and copper). The OMS-SH adsorbent can selectively remove lead from solutions containing Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions, whereas the OMS-NH2 selectively adsorbed a large quantity of copper. The selectivity of the adsorbents for lead and copper is strongly influenced by pH. Indeed, by simply adjusting the pH, OMS-NH2 can adsorb mainly lead or copper from a mixture containing both metals.Keywords: MCM-41, Dyes, Metals, Pollutants, Adsorption and Environmental Remediation, AdsorptionTitle: Reference & User Services QuarterlyFull Journal Title: Reference & User Services QuarterlyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Lear, B.A. (2010), Combating student Plagiarism: An academic librarian’s guide. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 49 (3), 299.Keywords: PlagiarismTitle: Regional Anesthesia and Pain MedicineFull Journal Title: Regional Anesthesia and Pain MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1098-7339Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Hamber, E.A. and Viscomi, C.M. (1999), Intrathecal lipophilic opioids as adjuncts to surgical spinal anesthesia. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 24 (3), 255-263.Full Text: 1999\Reg Ane Pai Med24, 255.pdfAbstract: Background and Objectives. Lipophilic opioids, especially fentanyl and sufentanil, are increasingly being administered intrathecally as adjuncts to spinal anesthesia. This review analyzes the efficacy of these opioids for subarachnoid anesthesia. Methods. Medline search of the literature from 1980 to the present and a survey of recent meeting abstracts are reviewed. Results. A significant number of citations regarding intrathecal lipophilic opioids as adjuncts to spinal anesthesia were found: 59 are cited in this review. Most clinical experience has been in obstetric surgery, but lipophilic spinal opioid administration is being used with greater frequency for other surgical procedures as well. The benefits include reduction of minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) when general anesthesia is combined with spinal anesthesia and enhancement of the quality of spinal anesthesia without prolongation of motor block. Intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil allow clinicians to use smaller doses of spinal local anesthetic, yet still provide excellent anesthesia for surgical procedures. Furthermore, lipophilic opioid/local anesthetic combination permits more rapid motor recovery; short outpatient procedures are therefore more amenable to spinal anesthesia. Finally, the side-effect profiles of intrathecal lipophilic opioids are now well characterized and appear less troublesome than intrathecal morphine. Conclusions. The anesthesia-enhancing properties and side-effect profile of lipophilic opioids administered intrathecally suggest significant roles for these agents as adjuncts to spinal anesthesia for obstetric and outpatient procedures.Keywords: Antinociceptive Interactions, Cesarean Delivery, Dose-Response, Duration Outpatient Laparoscopy, Fentanyl, Labor Analgesia, Opioid, Perioperative Analgesia, Prolonging Recovery, Respiratory Depression, Shock-Wave Lithotripsy, Spinal Anesthesia, Subarachnoid Sufentanil, SufentanilTitle: Regional Science and Urban EconomicsFull Journal Title: Regional Science and Urban EconomicsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorIoannides, Y.M. and Overman, H.G. (2003), Zipf’s law for cities: An empirical examination. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 33 (2), 127-137.Full Text: R\Reg Sci Urb Eco33, 127.pdfAbstract: We use data for metro areas in the United States, from the US Census for 1900–1990, to test the validity of Zipf’s Law for cities. Previous investigations are restricted to regressions of log size against log rank. In contrast, we use a nonparametric procedure to estimate Gibrat’s Law for city growth processes as time-varying geometric Brownian motion and to calculate local Zipf exponents from the mean and variance of city growth rates. Despite variation in growth rates as a function of city size, Gibrat’s Law does hold. The local Zipf exponents are broadly consistent with Zipf’s Law. Deviations from Zipf’s Law are easily explained by deviations from Gibrat’s Law.Keywords: Zipf’s Law, Gibrat’s Law, Urban Growth, Estimation of Brownian MotionTitle: Regional StudiesFull Journal Title: Regional StudiesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-3404Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Taylor, J. and Johnes, J. (1992), The citation record of Regional Studies and related journals, 1980-89. Regional Studies, 26 (1), 93-97.Full Text: 1992\Reg Stu26, 93.pdfAbstract: This note compares the citation record of Regional Studies with that of other related academic journals in the field of urban and regional studies during 1980-89. Two variables are used to measure the citation record: first, the frequency of citations; and second, an impact factor which is a measure of the average number of citations per paper published. Both measures indicate that the citation record of Regional Studies compares well with other journals. The conclusion is that the papers published in Regional Studies have been well used by those involved in urban and regional research.Keywords: Citations, Impact Factor, Urban, RegionalSuri?ach, J., Duque, J.C., Ramos, R. and Royuela, V. (2003), Publication patterns in regional and urban analysis: Have topics, techniques and applications changed during the 1990s? Regional Studies, 37 (4), 351-363.Full Text: 2003\Reg Stu37, 351.pdfAbstract: The current state of regional and urban science has been much discussed and a number of studies have speculated on possible future trends in the development of the discipline. However, there has been little empirical analysis of current publication patterns in regional and urban journals. This paper studies the kinds of topics, techniques and data used in papers published in nine top international journals during the 1990s with the aim of identifying current trends in this research field.Keywords: Analysis, Data, Development, Field, International, Journals, Papers, Publication, Regional, Research, Science, State, Techniques, Trends, Urban? Malecki, E.J. (2004), Jockeying for position: What it means and why it matters to regional development policy when places compete. Regional Studies, 38 (9), 1101-1120.Full Text: 2004\Reg Stu38, 1101.pdfAbstract: The realization that places compete for investment has expanded in recent years to encompass competition among places for the attention of migrants, tourists and media glow as well as investment. The most competitive places have been multidimensional in their attractions and have made the transition to the knowledge-based economy. The latest priority is being placed on attracting mobile workers and mobile investment. Creative workers are the core of the knowledge economy and of its geographies such as ‘intelligent places’ and ‘learning regions’. Knowledge metrics, innovation indices and report cards are increasingly common, each seemingly developed to sort the list of places in a different order. Lists or league tables of ‘the best places’ for business, to live, retire and visit are key features of economies and societies whose factors of success are highly mobile. Competition in a geographical context and entrepreneurial responses are unlikely to go away, reinforced by an industry comprised of consultancies, the trade press, formal education and other means of learning. Consequently, policy-makers need to grasp the nature of place competition and the critical roles of knowledge and of networks in the strategies of the most competitive places. The standard of competition is complex, comprising innovation indices and cooperation within the network of world cities.Malecki, E.J. (2004), Lutter pour la première place: l’importance de la concurrence interville pour la politique d’aménagement du territoire. Regional Studies, 38, 1093-1112.Full Text: 2004\Reg Stu38, 1093.pdfAbstract: Dans les années récentes, se rendre compte que les villes se font concurrence pour l’investissement s’est élargi pour englober la concurrence interville qui cherche à séduire les migrants, les touristes et les médias ainsi que l’investissement. L’attrait des villes les plus compétitives a été multidimensionnel, et elles se sont transformées en économies basées sur la connaissance. La dernière priorité c’est attirer les travailleurs mobiles ainsi que l’investissement mobile. Les travailleurs créatifs sont au coeur d’une économie basée sur la connaissance et de ses localisations, telles les ‘villes intelligentes’ et les ‘régions d’apprentissage’. Il semble que la mesure de la connaissance, les indices de l’innovation, et les tableaux de bord sont employés de plus en plus afin de classer les villes. Un classement des ‘meilleures villes’ pour le commerce, la retraite, le tourisme constitue une caractéristique clé des économies et des sociétés dont les facteurs moteurs sont très mobiles. Il est peu probable que la concurrence sur le plan géographique et la réponse de la part des entrepreneurs s’atténuent, ce qui est renforcé par une industrie comportant des cabinets, une presse spécialisée, l’éducation et d’autres moyens d’apprendre. Par la suite, les décideurs devraitent saisir la notion de concurrence interville et les r?les décisifs que jouent la connaissance et les réseaux dans les stratégies des villes les plus compétitives. Le niveau de la concurrence est complexe, comportant des indices de l’innovation et de la coopération au sein du réseau des grandes villes de taille mondiale.Malecki, E.J. (2004), Bemühungen, sich gut zu plazieren: was es bedeutet, und warum es für die regionale Entwicklungspolitik wichtig ist, wenn Orte miteinander konkurrieren. Regional Studies, 38, 1093-1112.Full Text: 2004\Reg Stu38, 1093.pdfAbstract: Die Erkenntnis, da? Orte um Investierungen k?mpfen, hat sich in den letzten Jahren dahingehend ausgeweitet, da? der Wettbewerb unter Ortschaften sich nicht nur auf Investierungen, sondern auch auf die Aufmerksamkeit von Zuwanderern, Touristen und das Rampenlicht der Medien richtet. Die konkurrenzf?higsten Orte sind diejenigen, welche vielf?ltige Attraktionen anbieten und den übergang zu einer auf Fachkenntnissen aufbauenden Wirtschaft geschafft haben. Der letzte Schrei in Vorrangstellung ist die F?higkeit wanderungsfreudige Arbeitskr?fte und freies Kapital anzuziehen. Sch?pferische Arbeitskr?fte bilden den Kern der auf Kenntnissen beruhenden Wirtschaft und ihrer geographischen Bezeichnungen wie ‘Intelligenzorte’ und ‘dazulernende Regionen’. Immer h?ufiger st??t man auf Messungen des Standes der Fachkenntnisse, Innovationsindexe und Berichterstattungen, die alle anscheinend zum Zweck der Neueinordnung der Ortschaften in Ranglisten geschaffen werden. Listen oder Ligatabellen ‘der besten Standorte’ für Gesch?fte, Wohnort, Ruhestand und Ausflüge sind Hauptmerkmale der Wirtschaften und Gesellschaften, deren zu Erfolg führende Faktoren sich durch hohe Beweglichkeit auszeichnen. Wettbewerb in einem geographischen Zusammenhang und Unternehmerreaktionen werden wahrscheinlich nicht aufh?ren, sondern eher best?rkt durch eine Industrie, die sich aus Beratern, der Handelspresse, formaler Schulbildung and anderen Lernm?glichkeiten zusammensetzt. Enwicklungspolitiker müssen infolgedessen die Natur der Standortkonkurrenz sowie die kritischen Rollen von Fachkenntnissen und Netzwerken bei den Strategien der konkurrenzf?higsten Orte verstehen. Der Wettbewerbsstandard ist komplex, und umfa?t Innovationsindexe und Zusammenarbeit im Netzwerk der Weltst?dte.? Malecki, E.J. (2004), Jockeying for position: What it means and why it matters to regional development policy when places compete. Regional Studies, 38 (9), 1101-1120.Full Text: 2004\Reg Stu38, 1101.pdfAbstract: The realization that places compete for investment has expanded in recent years to encompass competition among places for the attention of migrants, tourists and media glow as well as investment. The most competitive places have been multidimensional in their attractions and have made the transition to the knowledge-based economy. The latest priority is being placed on attracting mobile workers and mobile investment. Creative workers are the core of the knowledge economy and of its geographies such as ‘intelligent places’ and ‘learning regions’. Knowledge metrics, innovation indices and report cards are increasingly common, each seemingly developed to sort the list of places in a different order. Lists or league tables of ‘the best places’ for business, to live, retire and visit are key features of economies and societies whose factors of success are highly mobile. Competition in a geographical context and entrepreneurial responses are unlikely to go away, reinforced by an industry comprised of consultancies, the trade press, formal education and other means of learning. Consequently, policy-makers need to grasp the nature of place competition and the critical roles of knowledge and of networks in the strategies of the most competitive places. The standard of competition is complex, comprising innovation indices and cooperation within the network of world cities.Malecki E. J. (2004) Lutter pour la premire place: l’importance de la concurrence interville pour la politique d’amnagement du territoire, Regional Studies38, 1093-1112. Dans les annes rcentes, se rendre compte que les villes se font concurrence pour l’investissement s’est largi pour englober la concurrence interville qui cherche sduire les migrants, les touristes et les mdias ainsi que l’investissement. L’attrait des villes les plus comptitives a t multidimensionnel, et elles se sont transformes en conomies bases sur la connaissance. La dernire priorit c’est attirer les travailleurs mobiles ainsi que l’investissement mobile. Les travailleurs cratifs sont au coeur d’une conomie base sur la connaissance et de ses localisations, telles les ‘villes intelligentes’ et les ‘rgions d’apprentissage’. Il semble que la mesure de la connaissance, les indices de l’innovation, et les tableaux de bord sont employs de plus en plus afin de classer les villes. Un classement des ‘meilleures villes’ pour le commerce, la retraite, le tourisme constitue une caractristique cl des conomies et des socits dont les facteurs moteurs sont trs mobiles. Il est peu probable que la concurrence sur le plan gographique et la rponse de la part des entrepreneurs s’attnuent, ce qui est renforc par une industrie comportant des cabinets, une presse spcialise, l’ducation et d’autres moyens d’apprendre. Par la suite, les dcideurs devraitent saisir la notion de concurrence interville et les rles dcisifs que jouent la connaissance et les rseaux dans les stratgies des villes les plus comptitives. Le niveau de la concurrence est complexe, comportant des indices de l’innovation et de la coopration au sein du rseau des grandes villes de taille mondiale.Malecki E. J. (2004) Bemhungen, sich gut zu plazieren: was es bedeutet, und warum es fr die regionale Entwicklungspolitik wichtig ist, wenn Orte miteinander konkurrieren, Regional Studies38, 1093-1112. Die Erkenntnis, da Orte um Investierungen kmpfen, hat sich in den letzten Jahren dahingehend ausgeweitet, da der Wettbewerb unter Ortschaften sich nicht nur auf Investierungen, sondern auch auf die Aufmerksamkeit von Zuwanderern, Touristen und das Rampenlicht der Medien richtet. Die konkurrenzfhigsten Orte sind diejenigen, welche vielfltige Attraktionen anbieten und den bergang zu einer auf Fachkenntnissen aufbauenden Wirtschaft geschafft haben. Der letzte Schrei in Vorrangstellung ist die Fhigkeit wanderungsfreudige Arbeitskrfte und freies Kapital anzuziehen. Schpferische Arbeitskrfte bilden den Kern der auf Kenntnissen beruhenden Wirtschaft und ihrer geographischen Bezeichnungen wie ‘Intelligenzorte’ und ‘dazulernende Regionen’. Immer hufiger stt man auf Messungen des Standes der Fachkenntnisse, Innovationsindexe und Berichterstattungen, die alle anscheinend zum Zweck der Neueinordnung der Ortschaften in Ranglisten geschaffen werden. Listen oder Ligatabellen ‘der besten Standorte’ fr Geschfte, Wohnort, Ruhestand und Ausflge sind Hauptmerkmale der Wirtschaften und Gesellschaften, deren zu Erfolg fhrende Faktoren sich durch hohe Beweglichkeit auszeichnen. Wettbewerb in einem geographischen Zusammenhang und Unternehmerreaktionen werden wahrscheinlich nicht aufhren, sondern eher bestrkt durch eine Industrie, die sich aus Beratern, der Handelspresse, formaler Schulbildung and anderen Lernmglichkeiten zusammensetzt. Enwicklungspolitiker mssen infolgedessen die Natur der Standortkonkurrenz sowie die kritischen Rollen von Fachkenntnissen und Netzwerken bei den Strategien der konkurrenzfhigsten Orte verstehen. Der Wettbewerbsstandard ist komplex, und umfat Innovationsindexe und Zusammenarbeit im Netzwerk der Weltstdte.Malecki E. J. (2004) Maniobrando para conseguir una posicin: qu significa y por qu es importante para las polticas de desarrollo regional que los lugares compitan, Regional Studies38, 1093- 1112. La realizacin de que los lugares compiten por inversin ha aumentado en los ltimos aos para abarcar la competicin entre lugares para atraer la atencin de emigrantes, turistas, y periodistas as como para atraer inversiones. Los lugares ms competitivos han sido multidimensionales en sus atracciones, y han hecho la transicin hacia una economa basada en el conocimiento. La prioridad ms reciente se ha dirigido hacia la atraccin de trabajadores e inversiones de carcter mvil. Los trabajadores creativos forman el corazn de la economa del conocimiento y de sus geografas como por ejemplo lo son los ‘lugares inteligentes’ y ‘las regiones que aprenden’. Las mtricas de conocimiento, los ndices de innovacin tarjetas de reporte son cada vez ms comunes, cada uno de ellos desarrollados de forma similar para clasificar la lista de lugares siguiendo un rden diferente. Las listas o las tablas de ligas de los ‘mejores lugares’ para los negocios, para vivir, retirarse y para visitar son rasgos clave de las economas y de las sociedades cuyos factores de xito son altamente mviles. La competicin en un contexto geogrfico y las actividades emprendedoras que se producen como respuesta es probable que no desaparezcan, reforzadas por una industria que comprende asesoras, prensa especializada, educacin formal y otras formas de aprendizaje. Consecuentemente, los diseadores de polticas necesitan comprender la naturaleza de la competicin entre los lugares y los roles crticos del conocimiento y de las redes (networks) en las estrategias de los lugares ms competitivos. El estndar de la competicin es un asunto complejo, el cual comprende ndices de innovacin y co-operacin dentro de la red (network) de las ciudades globales.Keywords: Competition, Regional Development, Policy, Knowledge, World Cities? Malecki, E.J. (2010), Global knowledge and creativity: New challenges for firms and regions. Regional Studies, 44 (8), 1033-1052.Full Text: 2010\Reg Stu44, 1033.pdfAbstract: Malecki E. J. Global knowledge and creativity: new challenges for firms and regions, Regional Studies. As companies locate research and development in more places, they seek to tap knowledge in new, open ways, to respond to diverse customer demand and short product life cycles. The globalization of research and development has added costs as firms communicate across national, cultural, and linguistic boundaries, using both information and communication technology networks and face-to-face interaction. Intermediaries in knowledge transfer, such as knowledge brokers and gatekeepers, have become more important as new nodes join the global system of knowledge. As firms respond to the knowledge-based global economy, each region must construct a ‘knowledge monopoly’ to stand out in the global landscape of capabilities. [image omitted] Malecki E. J. La connaissance et la creativite mondiales: de nouveaux defis pour les entreprises et les regions, Regional Studies. Au fur et a mesure que la localisation des activites de recherche et de developpement des entreprises devient de plus en plus repandue, ces dernieres cherchent a exploiter la connaissance de facons nouvelles et ouvertes afin de repondre a la demande diverse du client et aux cycles de vie courts des produits. La mondialisation de la recherche et du developpement a augmente les frais vu que les entreprises communiquent a travers des limites nationales, culturelles et linguistiques, employant a la fois des reseaux TIC et de l’interaction face a face. Les intermediaires dans le transfert de la connaissance, tels les courtiers et les gardiens, sont devenus plus importants en reponse a l’adhesion des nouveaux noyaux au systeme de connaissance mondiale. Au fur et a mesure que les entreprises repondent a une economie mondiale basee sur la connaissance, chaque region doit construire une ‘monopole de connaissance’ qui se detache dans le paysage mondial des capacites. Recherche et Developpement Integration des systemes Mondialisation Connaissance Malecki E. J. Globales Wissen und Kreativitat: neue Herausforderungen fur Firmen und Regionen, Regional Studies. Wenn Firmen ihre Forschung und Entwicklung an neuen Standorten ansiedeln, versuchen sie, auf neue und offene Weise Wissen zu nutzen, um auf die verschiedenartigen Bedurfnisse der Kunden und die kurzeren Lebenszyklen der Produkte zu reagieren. Durch die Globalisierung der Forschung und Entwicklung haben sich die Kosten erhoht, da die Firmen nun uber nationale, kulturelle und linguistische Grenzen hinweg kommunizieren, wofur sie sowohl Netzwerke der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie als auch personliche Gesprache nutzen. Die Bedeutung der Vermittler von Wissenstransfer, wie z.B. Wissensbroker und Gatekeeper, ist gewachsen, da das weltweite Wissenssystem durch neue Knoten erganzt wird. Wahrend die Firmen auf die wissensbasierte globale Wirtschaft reagieren, muss sich jede Region ein ‘Wissensmonopol’ aufbauen, um in der globalen Landschaft der Fahigkeiten hervorzustehen. Forschung und Entwicklung Systemintegration Globalisierung Wissen Malecki E. J. Conocimiento global y creatividad: nuevos retos para empresas y regiones, Regional Studies. Cuando las empresas ubican los centros de investigacion y desarrollo (I + D) en nuevos lugares, tratan de sacar el mejor provecho del conocimiento con un nuevo enfoque abierto para responder a las distintas demandas de los clientes y a los ciclos de vida mas cortos de los productos. Con la globalizacion de I + D han aumentado los costes porque las empresas se comunican a traves de fronteras nacionaes, culturales y linguisticas usando tanto redes de TIC (Tecnologias de la Informacion y la Comunicacion) como interacciones personales. Los intermediarios en la transferencia de conocimientos, tales como agentes y guardianes del conocimiento, han cobrado mas importancia ya que se unen nuevos nodos al sistema global del conocimiento. Dado que las empresas responden a la economia global basada en el conocimiento, cada region debe construir un ‘monopolio del conocimiento’ para destacar en el panorama global de capacidades. Investigacion y desarrollo Integracion de sistemas Globalizacion Conocimiento.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Bioscience Megacentres, Biotechnology Clusters, Communication Patterns, Development Laboratories, Economic-Geography, Globalization, Innovation Systems, Knowledge, Multinational-Enterprises, Research, Research and Development, Research-and-Development, Systems Integration, Tacit Knowledge, Technology? Cruz, S.C.S. and Teixeira, A.A.C. (2010), The evolution of the cluster literature: Shedding light on the regional studies-regional science debate. Regional Studies, 44 (9), 1263-1288.Full Text: 2010\Reg Stu44, 1263.pdfAbstract: Cruz S. C. S. and Teixeira A. A. C. The evolution of the cluster literature: shedding light on the regional studies-regional science debate, Regional Studies. Despite the intuitive awareness about the rising importance of the cluster literature, an empirical study on its precise magnitude and evolution has yet to be accomplished. Based on two complementary bibliometric exercises - comprising 50 000 citations and almost 3000 abstracts, ranging in date from 1962 to 2008 - it was demonstrated that although seminal contributors come both from regional science and regional studies areas, the ‘convergence’ between regional science and regional studies approaches is still a chimera. [image omitted] Cruz S. C. S. et Teixeira A. A. C. L’evolution de la documentation au sujet des grappes: repandre de la lumiere sur le debat a propos des etudes regionales et de la science regionale, Regional Studies. Malgre la conscience intuitive a l’egard de l’importance accrue de la documentation au sujet des grappes, il faut encore faire une etude empirique sur son ampleur precise et son evolution. A partir de deux exercices bibliometriques - comportant 50 000 citations et a peu pres 3 000 resumes, allant de 1962 jusqu’a 2008 - on montre que l’on poursuit toujours des chimeres quant au ‘rapprochement’ entre la facon prise dans la science regionale et celle employee dans les etudes regionales. Grappes Grappes industrielles Implantation industrielle Bibliometrie Cruz S. C. S. und Teixeira A. A. C. Die Evolution der Cluster-Literatur: eine Untersuchung der Debatte uber Regionalstudien und Regionalwissenschaft, Regional Studies. Die wachsende Bedeutung der Literatur uber Cluster ist zwar auf intuitive Weise bekannt, doch eine empirische Studie uber ihre genaue Grosse und Evolution steht noch aus. Ausgehend von zwei komplementaren bibliometrischen Untersuchungen - mit 50.000 Zitaten und beinahe 3000 Inhaltsangaben aus den Jahren 1962 bis 2008 - wurde nachgewiesen, dass zukunftsweisende Beitrage zwar sowohl aus dem Bereich der Regionalwissenschaft als auch aus dem der Regionalstudien kommen, aber die ‘Konvergenz’ der Ansatze der Regionalwissenschaft und der Regionalstudien weiterhin ein Trugbild bleibt. Cluster Branchencluster Industriestandort Bibliometrie Cruz S. C. S. y Teixeira A. A. C. La evolucion de la literatura de aglomeraciones: un analisis sobre el debate de estudios regionales y ciencia regional, Regional Studies. Aunque la creciente importancia de la literatura sobre aglomeraciones se conoce de modo intuitivo, todavia es necesario un estudio empirico sobre su magnitud precisa y evolucion. En base a dos ejercicios bibliometricos complementarios - que contienen 50.000 citaciones y casi 3000 resumenes, y que van desde 1962 a 2008 - se demostro que aunque las contribuciones importantes proceden tanto de areas de estudios cientificos como regionales, la ‘convergencia’ entre los enfoques de ciencia regional y estudios regionales es todavia una quimera. Aglomeraciones Aglomeraciones industriales Ubicacion industrial Bibliometria.Keywords: Agglomeration, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Citations, Clusters, Complexes, Economic-Geography, Evolution, External Control, Impact Factor, Industrial Clusters, Industrial Clusters, Industrial Location, Innovation, Knowledge Spillovers, Science, Scientific Journals, Space? Meyer, M., Libaers, D. and Park, J.H. (2011), The emergence of novel science-related fields: Regional or technological patterns? Exploration and exploitation in United Kingdom nanotechnology. Regional Studies, 45 (7), 935-959.Full Text: 2011\Reg Stu45, 935.pdfAbstract: Meyer m., Libaers d. And park j.-H. The emergence of novel science-related fields: Regional or technological patterns? Exploration and exploitation in united kingdom nanotechnology, regional studies. An extensive literature addresses the emergence of new technologies in their geographical and cognitive context. Drawing on a spatial innovation systems approach, this issue is explored for a newly emerging area: Nano-science and nanotechnology. This study draws on a multi-method approach to explore the emergence of nanotechnology in the united kingdom, covering bibliometric, patent, and firm-level data. The results point to regional concentrations of scientific and technological activity as well as to a concentration of nanotechnology firms in the well-established ‘science hubs’. However, further inspection of the evidence also hints at the importance of non-local links and networks along technological paths.Keywords: Agglomeration, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Collaboration, Diversity, Embeddedness, Emerging Technologies, Growth, Innovation, Innovation Systems, Innovation Systems, Literature, Nano-Districts, Nano-Science, Nanodistricts, Nanotechnology, Networking, Patent, Patent Analysis, US SouthTitle: Regional Studies: The Journal of the Regional Studies AssociationFull Journal Title: Regional Studies: The Journal of the Regional Studies AssociationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-3404Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorSuri?ach, J., Duque, J.C., Ramos, R. and Royuela, V. (2003), Publication patterns in regional and urban analysis: Have topics, techniques and applications changed during the 1990s? Regional Studies: The Journal of the Regional Studies Association, 37 (4), 351-363.Full Text: R\Reg Stu37, 351.pdfAbstract: The current state of regional and urban science has been much discussed and a number of studies have speculated on possible future trends in the development of the discipline. However, there has been little empirical analysis of current publication patterns in regional and urban journals. This paper studies the kinds of topics, techniques and data used in papers published in nine top international journals during the 1990s with the aim of identifying current trends in this research field.Keywords: Regional and Urban Science, Bibliometric Analysis, Science, Econometrics, Rankings, Economics, Journals? Malecki, E.J. (2004), Jockeying for position: What it means and why it matters to regional development policy when places compete. Regional Studies: The Journal of the Regional Studies Association, 38 (9), 1101-1120.Full Text: Reg Stu38, 1101Abstract: Malecki E. J. (2004) Jockeying for position: what it means and why it matters to regional development policy when places compete, Regional Studies 38, 1093-1112. The realization that places compete for investment has expanded in recent years to encompass competition among places for the attention of migrants, tourists and media glow as well as investment. The most competitive places have been multidimensional in their attractions and have made the transition to the knowledge-based economy. The latest priority is being placed on attracting mobile workers and mobile investment. Creative workers are the core of the knowledge economy and of its geographies such as ‘intelligent places’ and ‘learning regions’. Knowledge metrics, innovation indices and report cards are increasingly common, each seemingly developed to sort the list of places in a different order. Lists or league tables of ‘the best places’ for business, to live, retire and visit are key features of economies and societies whose factors of success are highly mobile. Competition in a geographical context and entrepreneurial responses are unlikely to go away, reinforced by an industry comprised of consultancies, the trade press, formal education and other means of learning. Consequently, policy-makers need to grasp the nature of place competition and the critical roles of knowledge and of networks in the strategies of the most competitive places. The standard of competition is complex, comprising innovation indices and cooperation within the network of world cities.Malecki E.J. (2004) Lutter pour la première place: l’importance de la concurrence interville pour la politique d’aménagement du territoire, Regional Studies 38, 1093-1112. Dans les années récentes, se rendre compte que les villes se font concurrence pour l’investissement s’est élargi pour englober la concurrence interville qui cherche à séduire les migrants, les touristes et les médias ainsi que l’investissement. L’attrait des villes les plus compétitives a été multidimensionnel, et elles se sont transformées en économies basées sur la connaissance. La dernière priorité c’est attirer les travailleurs mobiles ainsi que l’investissement mobile. Les travailleurs créatifs sont au coeur d’une économie basée sur la connaissance et de ses localisations, telles les ‘villes intelligentes’ et les ‘régions d’apprentissage’. Il semble que la mesure de la connaissance, les indices de l’innovation, et les tableaux de bord sont employés de plus en plus afin de classer les villes. Un classement des ‘meilleures villes’ pour le commerce, la retraite, le tourisme constitue une caractéristique clé des économies et des sociétés dont les facteurs moteurs sont très mobiles. Il est peu probable que la concurrence sur le plan géographique et la réponse de la part des entrepreneurs s’atténuent, ce qui est renforcé par une industrie comportant des cabinets, une presse spécialisée, l’éducation et d’autres moyens d’apprendre. Par la suite, les décideurs devraitent saisir la notion de concurrence interville et les r?les décisifs que jouent la connaissance et les réseaux dans les stratégies des villes les plus compétitives. Le niveau de la concurrence est complexe, comportant des indices de l’innovation et de la coopération au sein du réseau des grandes villes de taille mondiale.Malecki E. J. (2004) Bemühungen, sich gut zu plazieren: was es bedeutet, und warum es für die regionale Entwicklungspolitik wichtig ist, wenn Orte miteinander konkurrieren, Regional Studies 38, 1093-1112. Die Erkenntnis, da? Orte um Investierungen k?mpfen, hat sich in den letzten Jahren dahingehend ausgeweitet, da? der Wettbewerb unter Ortschaften sich nicht nur auf Investierungen, sondern auch auf die Aufmerksamkeit von Zuwanderern, Touristen und das Rampenlicht der Medien richtet. Die konkurrenzf?higsten Orte sind diejenigen, welche vielf?ltige Attraktionen anbieten und den übergang zu einer auf Fachkenntnissen aufbauenden Wirtschaft geschafft haben. Der letzte Schrei in Vorrangstellung ist die F?higkeit wanderungsfreudige Arbeitskr?fte und freies Kapital anzuziehen. Sch?pferische Arbeitskr?fte bilden den Kern der auf Kenntnissen beruhenden Wirtschaft und ihrer geographischen Bezeichnungen wie ‘Intelligenzorte’ und ‘dazulernende Regionen’. Immer h?ufiger st??t man auf Messungen des Standes der Fachkenntnisse, Innovationsindexe und Berichterstattungen, die alle anscheinend zum Zweck der Neueinordnung der Ortschaften in Ranglisten geschaffen werden. Listen oder Ligatabellen ‘der besten Standorte’ für Gesch?fte, Wohnort, Ruhestand und Ausflüge sind Hauptmerkmale der Wirtschaften und Gesellschaften, deren zu Erfolg führende Faktoren sich durch hohe Beweglichkeit auszeichnen. Wettbewerb in einem geographischen Zusammenhang und Unternehmerreaktionen werden wahrscheinlich nicht aufh?ren, sondern eher best?rkt durch eine Industrie, die sich aus Beratern, der Handelspresse, formaler Schulbildung and anderen Lernm?glichkeiten zusammensetzt. Enwicklungspolitiker müssen infolgedessen die Natur der Standortkonkurrenz sowie die kritischen Rollen von Fachkenntnissen und Netzwerken bei den Strategien der konkurrenzf?higsten Orte verstehen. Der Wettbewerbsstandard ist komplex, und umfa?t Innovationsindexe und Zusammenarbeit im Netzwerk der Weltst?dte.Malecki E. J. (2004) Maniobrando para conseguir una posición: qué significa y por qué es importante para las políticas de desarrollo regional que los lugares compitan, Regional Studies 38, 1093- 1112. La realización de que los lugares compiten por inversión ha aumentado en los últimos a?os para abarcar la competición entre lugares para atraer la atención de emigrantes, turistas, y periodistas así como para atraer inversiones. Los lugares más competitivos han sido multidimensionales en sus atracciones, y han hecho la transición hacia una economía basada en el conocimiento. La prioridad más reciente se ha dirigido hacia la atracción de trabajadores e inversiones de carácter móvil. Los trabajadores creativos forman el corazón de la economía del conocimiento y de sus geografías como por ejemplo lo son los ‘lugares inteligentes’ y ‘las regiones que aprenden’. Las métricas de conocimiento, los índices de innovación tarjetas de reporte son cada vez màs comunes, cada uno de ellos desarrollados de forma similar para clasificar la lista de lugares siguiendo un órden diferente. Las listas o las tablas de ligas de los ‘mejores lugares’ para los negocios, para vivir, retirarse y para visitar son rasgos clave de las economías y de las sociedades cuyos factores de éxito son altamente móviles. La competición en un contexto geográfico y las actividades emprendedoras que se producen como respuesta es probable que no desaparezcan, reforzadas por una industria que comprende asesorías, prensa especializada, educación formal y otras formas de aprendizaje. Consecuentemente, los dise?adores de políticas necesitan comprender la naturaleza de la competición entre los lugares y los roles críticos del conocimiento y de las redes (networks) en las estrategias de los lugares más competitivos. El estándar de la competición es un asunto complejo, el cual comprende índices de innovación y co-operación dentro de la red (network) de las ciudades globales.Keywords: Competition, Regional Development, Policy, Knowledge, World citiesTitle: Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyFull Journal Title: Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyISO Abbreviated Title: Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Regul Toxicol PharmISSN: 0273-2300Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Academic Press IncPublisher Address: 525 B St, Ste 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495Subject Categories: Medicine, Legal: Impact FactorPharmacology & Pharmacy: Impact Factor181 (2000)Toxicology: Impact Factor? Babich, H. and Davis, D.L. (1981), Phenol: A review of environmental and health risks. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1 (1), 90-109.Full Text: 1981\Reg Tox Pha1, 90.pdfAbstract: Phenol, a waste product of industrial processes that is introduced into aquatic ecosystems, adversely affects the indigenous biota, including algae, protozoa, invertebrates, and vertebrates. In addition to overt toxicities, phenol causes many subtle effects to the biota, such as reduced fertility, decreased survival of the young, and inhibition of growth. The toxicity of phenol to the aquatic biota is modified by several abiotic (e.g., dissolved oxygen, salinity, water hardness, temperature) and biotic (e.g., age, size, nutritional status) factors. Phenol is also produced commercially and has many uses which bring it into direct contact with human beings. It is rapidly absorbed through the skin and by inhalation through the lungs. Upon absorption of moderate amounts of phenol, it is detoxified by conjugation with sulfuric and glucuronic acids and excreted in the urine. High exposures to phenol may be fatal to human beings; infants appear to be hypersusceptible to phenol. Although phenol is a tumor promoter, it is not a carcinogen, cocarcinogen, or teratogen and, most probably, is not a mutagen.Sidhu, K.S. (1991), Standard setting processes and regulations for environmental contaminants in drinking water: State versus federal needs and viewpoints. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 13 (3), 293-308.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha13, 293.pdfAbstract: The primary objective of a standard setting process is to arrive at a drinking water concentration at which exposure to a contaminant would result in no known or potential adverse health effect on human health. The drinking water standards also serve as guidelines to prevent pollution of water sources and may be applicable in some cases as regulatory remediation levels. The risk assessment methods along with various decision making parameters are used to establish drinking water standards. For carcinogens classified in Groups A and B by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) the standards are set by using nonthreshold cancer risk models. The linearized multistage model is commonly used for computation of potency factors for carcinogenic contaminants. The acceptable excess risk level may vary from 10-6 to 10-4. For noncarcinogens, a threshold model approach based on application of an uncertainty factor is used to arrive at a reference dose (RfD). The RfD approach may also be used for carcinogens classified in Group C by the USEPA. The RfD approach with an additional uncertainty factory of 10 for carcinogenicity has been applied in the formulation of risk assessment for Group C carcinogens. The assumptions commonly used in arriving at drinking water standards are human life expectancy, 70 years; average human body weight, 70 kg; human daily drinking water consumption, 2 liters; and contribution of exposure to the contaminant from drinking water (expressed as a part of the total environmental exposure), 20%. Currently, there are over 80 USEPA existing or proposed primary standards for organic and inorganic contaminants in drinking water. Some of the state versus federal needs and viewpoints are discussed.Trnovec, T. and Rosival, L. (1993), Health and chemical environment in Czecho-Slovakia, international cooperation context. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 17 (1), 66-76.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha17, 66.pdfAbstract: This review provides a record of the present situation with regard to public health and environmental degradation and its underlying causes in Czecho-Slovakia, taking into account ‘ways of life,’ which is a synonym for its two components: environment and behavior. It gives attention to the priorities which include air and water pollution and food contamination. ‘Environmental protection’ includes the human health protection from air, water, land, and groundwater pollution, ecological protection and natural resource preservation, use of pesticides, food and consumer product safety, and safety associated with the introduction of new chemicals into commerce. Further, this review focuses on the fundamental building blocks for a new environmental policy and management system (Constitution Act, 1991; Environmental Law, 1991; Chemical Act, in preparation; standards regarding chemicals, etc.). With regard to the international concern about the dangers of chemicals for humanity and the natural environment, attention is drawn to the collaboration of Czecho-Slovakia in chemical safety with WHO, IRPTC, and OECD. An important task is to determine what scientific research is needed and to educate administrators, politicians, and the general public in chemical safety.Evans, J.S., Gray, G.M., Sielken, R.L. Jr., Smith, A.E., Valdez Flores, C. and Graham, J.D. (1994), Use of probabilistic expert judgment in uncertainty analysis of carcinogenic potency. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 20 (1), 15-36.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha20, 15.pdfAbstract: A new approach to characterizing the state of knowledge about carcinogenic potency is described. In this approach, the carcinogenic risk posed by a specific dose is characterized by a probability distribution, indicating the relative likelihood of different risk estimates. The approach utilizes expert judgment and a probability tree and is illustrated in a case study of chloroform exposure. Experts in cancer biology/toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and dose-response modeling were identified by a panel of science-policy specialists. In a workshop, experts reviewed the chloroform data, received training in probability elicitation, and constructed a consensual probability tree based on biological theories of cancer causation. Distributions of carcinogenic risk were developed based on the probability tree, chloroform data, judgmental probabilities provided by the experts, and classical statistical techniques. Risk distributions varied considerably between experts, with some predicting essentially no risk from 100 ppb chloroform in drinking water while other have at least some probability on risks generally considered of regulatory significance. Estimated human risk was much lower when extrapolating from liver tumors in animals than from kidney tumors. Issues of scientific disagreement leading to different risk distributions between experts are discussed. The resulting risk distributions are compared to standard EPA risk calculations for the same exposure scenario as well as to the expert judgement of epidemiologists about cancer risks of chlorinated drinking water. Issues in combining expert judgments are discussed, and several alternative methods are presented. Strengths and weaknesses of the distributional approach are discussed.Luijckx, N.B., Rao, G.N., McConnell, E.E., Würtzen, G. and Kroes, R. (1994), The intake of chemicals related to age in long-term toxicity studies--considerations for risk assessment. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 20 (1), 96-104.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha20, 96.pdfAbstract: The estimation of acceptable daily intake (ADI) is generally based on results from long-term toxicity studies. Long-term exposure of rodent and nonrodent species is extrapolated to lifetime exposure in humans, using uncertainty factors to compensate inter-and intraspecies differences. Special consideration can be given to groups of humans at increased risk, such as children, due to higher susceptibility or higher predicted intake. A retrospective study of long-term carcinogenesis studies was performed at the National Toxicology Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to gain insight into the relationship between age and intake of test compounds. In these long-term studies, average intake of feed and drinking water, and consequently chemicals dosed in these, was approximately two times higher on a body weight basis in young animals (postweaning) than in adults. Thus, estimating an ADI from the NOEL of this type of studies already includes a higher dose for the young. When maximum levels for food additives are being set using the already established ADI, it may not be necessary to add an additional uncertainty factor for different ages, unless there are other specific reasons to do so, such as unduly high exposure and toxicity at a certain age. Compared to intake per kilogram of body weight at the end of the study, the ADI already includes an extra uncertainty factor of approximately 2 for young individuals.Rao, H.V., Beliles, R.P., Whitford, G.M. and Turner, C.H. (1995), A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for fluoride uptake by bone. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 22 (1), 30-42.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha22, 30.pdfAbstract: A sex-specific, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (pbpk) model has been developed to describe the absorption, distribution, and elimination of fluorides in rats and humans. Growth curves generated by plotting mean body weights (kg) against age (weeks or years) are included in the simulation model to allow the integration of chronic fluoride exposure from birth to old age. The model incorporates age and body weight dependence of the physiological processes that control the uptake of fluoride by bone and the elimination of fluoride by the kidneys. Six compartments make up the model. These are lung, liver, kidney, bone, and slowly and rapidly perfused compartments. The model also includes two bone subcompartments: a small, flow-limited, rapidly exchangeable surface bone compartment and a bulk virtually nonexchangeable inner bone compartment. The inner bone compartment contains nearly all of the whole body content of fluoride, which, in the longer time frame, may be mobilized through the process of bone modeling and remodeling. The model has been validated by comparing the model predictions with experimental data gathered in rats and humans after drinking water and dietary ingestion of fluoride. This physiological model description of absorption, distribution, and elimination of fluoride from the body permits the analysis of the combined effect of ingesting and inhaling fluorides on the target organ, bone. Estimates of fluoride concentrations in bone are calculated and related to chronic fluoride toxicity. The model is thus useful for predicting some of the long-term metabolic features and tissue concentrations of fluoride that may be of value in understanding positive or negative effects of fluoride on human health. In addition, the pbpk model provides a basis for across-species extrapolation of the effective fluoride dose at the target tissue, bone, in the assessment of risk from different exposure conditions.Sidhu, K.S., Nash, D.F. and McBride, D.E. (1995), Need to revise the national drinking water regulation for copper [see comments]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 22 (1), 95-100.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha22, 95.pdfAbstract: Copper is an essential micronutrient and a potential toxic metal. The USEPA current maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG, a nonenforceable aspirational health goal) and the required treatment technique action level, both set at 1.3 mg/liter of copper are not adequately protective for infants and children under 10 years of age. Infants and children up to 10 years of age have increased susceptibility to copper toxicity. The two main reasons for the high sensitivity in this population subgroup are the presence of a normally high concentration of copper in the liver during early life and the lack of a fully developed homeostatic mechanism of copper in children under 10 years of age. This sensitive group of infants and children represents approximately 17% of the total U.S. population. The adverse health effects caused by drinking water contaminated with copper are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. The proposed drinking water guideline of 0.3 mg/liter for copper was derived by the application of the risk assessment procedures approved by the USEPA. Drinking water containing 0.3 mg/liter of copper will provide approximately 26% of the nutritional requirement of copper. This proposed drinking water guideline (0.3 mg/liter) for copper will adequately protect health of infants, children, and adults.Weiler, E.D., Jayjock, M.A. and Levy, H.C. (1996), Product safety, risk assessment, and responsible care in the biocide chemical industry. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 24 (1), 1-5.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha24, 1.pdfAbstract: Manufacturers of biocides recognize a need to control the risk from their products. This paper discusses some of the history and critical aspects of these activities and outlines the needsunder the current initiatives of Responsible Care. Biocide product safety risk assessment is operationally defined in thiscontext and presented as the fundamental tool of the process. The need for data and the criteria for its dissemination are discussed along with the requirement that the data-gathering effort be combined in joint efforts with scientists in industry, academia, and the regulatory community.Krishnan, K., Paterson, J. and Williams, D.T. (1997), Health risk assessment of drinking water contaminants in Canada: The applicability of mixture risk assessment methods. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 26 (2), 179-187.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha26, 179.pdfAbstract: The objectives of this article are: (i) to review the current approaches of Health Canada to the risk assessment of drinking water contaminants, and (II) to examine the applicability of mixture risk assessment methods to drinking water contaminants. Health Canada’s current approaches to drinking water risk assessment, like those of many regulatory agencies, focus almost solely on the effects of individual chemicals. As such, no formal method is currently used for developing mixtures guidelines or for modifying guidelines of individual chemicals to account for the possibility of the occurrence of interactions (supraadditive or infraadditive). Recent interest in the risk assessment of mixtures, at least in part, stems from concerns over the potential health risks of mixtures of very commonly occurring compounds in Canadian drinking water supplies, namely the disinfection by-products. Before any mixtures methods can be considered for incorporation into Health Canada’s current approaches to the risk assessment of drinking water contaminants, it is essential to consider the limitations and data requirements of the various mixture risk assessment methods (i.e., whole mixture approach, similar mixture approach, components-based approaches, interactions-based assessment). Among the existing mixture risk assessment methods, the components-based and interactions-based approaches could be applicable to drinking water contaminants. Specifically, among the components-based approaches, dose-addition, response-addition, and the toxic equivalency factor approaches are the most applicable ones for drinking water contaminants. Until an interactions-based, mechanistic risk assessment approach (e.g., physiological model-based approach) becomes available for routine use, the components-based approaches remain the default methods for consideration. Progress in the development and validation of an interactions-based risk assessment methodology should facilitate a more realistic assessment of risk due to drinking water contaminants without increasing the levels of uncertainty in risk estimates above those associated with existing single-chemical methods. Copyright 1997 Academic Press.Valberg, P.A., Beck, B.D., Bowers, T.S., Keating, J.L. Bergstrom, P.D. and Boardman, P.D. (1997), Issues in setting health-based cleanup levels for arsenic in soil. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 26 (2), 219-229.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha26, 219.pdfAbstract: Health risk assessments often do not take into account the unique aspects of evaluating exposures to arsenic in soil. For example, risks from ingestion of arsenic in soil are often based on toxicity factors derived from studies of arsenic (soluble arsenate or arsenite) in drinking water. However, the toxicity of arsenic in drinking water cannot be directly extrapolated to toxicity of soil arsenic because of differences in chemical form, bioavailability, and excretion kinetics. Because of the differences between soil arsenic and water arsenic, we conclude that risks from arsenic in soil are lower than what would be calculated using default toxicity values for arsenic in drinking water. Site-specific risk assessments for arsenic in soil can be improved by characterizing the form of arsenic in soil, by conducting animal feeding or in vitro bioavailability studies using site soils, and by conducting studies to evaluate the relationship between urinary arsenic and soil arsenic levels. Such data could be used to more accurately measure the contribution that soil arsenic makes to total intake of arsenic. Available data suggest that arsenic usually makes a small contribution to this total. Copyright 1997 Academic Press.Ragas, A.M. and Huijbregts, M.A. (1998), Evaluating the coherence between environmental quality objectives and the acceptable or tolerable daily intake. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 27 (3), 251-264.Full Text: R\Reg Tox Pha27, 251.pdfAbstract: Environmental quality objectives (EQOs) for surface water, soil, air, drinking water, and food products are often derived independently. This may result in incoherent EQOs. A set of EQOs is called incoherent if simultaneous exposure to all media which are polluted up to their EQO results in the acceptable or tolerable daily intake (ADI or TDI) being exceeded. This paper outlines an integrated human exposure and uptake model (NORMTOX) which was developed to test the coherence of EQOs. NORMTOX predicts lifetime-averaged daily uptake levels of contaminants and compares these with acceptable or tolerable daily uptake levels. The model deals with variability and uncertainty in put data by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The model was applied to test the coherence of Dutch EQOs for benzene, lead, and lindane. The EQOs of these substances turned out to be coherent with probabilities of 100, 23, and 0%, respectively. The variance in the coherence indicators results from interpersonal variability in exposure, consumption, and uptake patterns and from uncertainty in input data due to a lack of knowledge. To prevent incoherent EQOs in the future, induction of a procedure for coherence testing and EQO adjustment is suggested.Title: RehabilitationFull Journal Title: RehabilitationISO Abbreviated Title: RehabilitationJCR Abbreviated Title: RehabilitationISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Mittag, O. and Jackel, W.H. (2009), Listing of die rehabilitation in the Science Citation Index Expanded. Rehabilitation, 48 (1), 1.Keywords: Citation, Rehabilitation, Science, Science Citation IndexTitle: Rehabilitation Counseling BulletinFull Journal Title: Rehabilitation Counseling BulletinISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Cook, D.W. and Hulett, L. (2004), A multiyear citation analysis of three rehabilitation journals. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 48 (1), 51-53.Full Text: 2004\Reh Cou Bul48, 51.pdfAbstract: Using citation analysis, 3 rehabilitation journals were compared on average number of articles published per year, average number of references per article, number of self-citations, and number of times published articles were cited by other journals for the 4-year periods of 1999 through 2002 and 1977 through 1980. These data were then related to establishing journal quality.Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, Journals, References, Self Citations, Self-CitationsTitle: Rehabilitation PsychologyFull Journal Title: Rehabilitation PsychologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Braden, C.J. (1991), Learned response to chronic illness: Disability payment recipients vs nonrecipients. Rehabilitation Psychology, 36 (4), 265-277.Abstract: The purpose of this descriptive study of 375 subjects having diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis or arthritis-related conditions was to describe learned response to chronic illness experience of 92 subjects who were receiving disability payments and of 283 subjects who were not. Differences between the two groups were determined for background influences on learning, disease characteristics and on learned response to chronic illness. Differences were found for age, gender, ethnic origin, income and diagnoses. Differences in learned response were described using the Self-Help model. The model depicts a process comprised of factors that decrease self-help and life quality as well as factors that increase learning a self-help response, thus leading to greater life quality. Those receiving disability payments had higher perceived illness severity and dependency and lower uncertainty and self-help. Findings provide a description of the dynamics of how life quality is maintained in the face of severe disease.Keywords: Satisfaction, HealthTitle: Relatorios Cientificos e Tecnicos do IPIMAR Serie DigitalFull Journal Title: Relatorios Cientificos e Tecnicos do IPIMAR Serie DigitalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? dos Santos, A. and Garrido, S. (2003), A bibliometric study of Portuguese plankton literature: A preliminary analysis. Relatorios Cientificos e Tecnicos do IPIMAR Serie Digital, 2, 1-9.Abstract: This paper is an attempt to identify the general trend on plankton published literature in Portuguese waters over the past two centuries. Paul Langerhans is the author of the earliest papers referring to plankton studies in Portuguese waters in 1880, namely on the Chaetognatha and Apendicularia of Madeira Island. Since then, more than 400 papers were published. The present analysis includes marine, estuarine, rivers, lagoons, and reservoir waters. Almost half of these papers are on marine and 25% on freshwaters. Phyto and zooplankton account for more than 80% of the total number of papers analysed, the remaining referring to marine and brackish ichthyoplankton studies. The data revealed a constant increase in plankton studies over the last century, except for the 1960 and 1970 decades. While in the first decades, scientific papers were centred on morphology and distribution, at present, the research is mainly based on ecological and laboratory studies. According to the results of this study, it seems certain that ecology and laboratory studies will continue to increase. Our database will become available on the Internet, so that it can be useful to future research.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Data, Database, Distribution, Ecology, First, General, Internet, Lagoons, Literature, Morphology, Papers, Research, Reservoir, Rivers, Trend, Waters, ZooplanktonTitle: Remedial and Special EducationFull Journal Title: Remedial and Special EducationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? McLeskey, J. (2004), Classic articles in special education - Articles that shaped the field, 1960 to 1996. Remedial and Special Education, 25 (2), 79-87.Full Text: 2004\Rem Spe Edu25, 79.pdfAbstract: There is little consensus regarding which articles have shaped the field of special education and are therefore classics. To begin to address this issue, this article uses an objective, data-based procedure to identify the 50 most frequently cited articles in general special education journals (i.e., Exceptional Children, Remedial and Special Education, and The Journal of Special Education) over the lost 40 years, These articles address the major trends in the field of special education, such as school reform, inclusion, and mainstreaming; families and early childhood education; and assessment and classification of students with disabilities. From among these 50 articles, 10 are subjectively identified as classics that have shaped the field of special education. A rationale is provided for the selection of each of these articles.Keywords: Attitudes, Behavior, Handicapped-Children, Journals, Learning-Disabilities, Patterns, Programs, Regular Education, School, Students, Teacher PerceptionsTitle: Remote Sensing of EnvironmentFull Journal Title: Remote Sensing of EnvironmentISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Tucker, C.J. (1979), Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sensing of Environment, 8 (2), 127-150.Full Text: 1960-80\Rem Sen Env8, 127.pdfAbstract: In situ collected spectrometer data were used to evaluate and quantify the relationships between various linear combinations of red and photographic infrared radiances and experimental plot biomass, leaf water content, and chlorophyll content. The radiance variables evaluated included the red and photographic infrared (IR) radiance and the linear combinations of the IR/red ratio, the square root of the IR/red ratio, the IR-red difference, the vegetation index, and the transformed vegetation index. In addition, the corresponding green and red linear combinations were evaluated for comparative purposes. Three data sets were used from June, September, and October sampling periods.Regression analysis showed the increased utility of the IR and red linear combinations vis-à-vis the same green and red linear combinations. The red and IR linear combinations had 7% and 14% greater regression significance than the green and red linear combinations for the June and September sampling periods, respectively.The vegetation index, transformed vegetation index, and square root of the IR/red ratio were the most significant, followed closely by the IR/red ratio. Less than a 6% difference separated the highest and lowest of these four ER and red linear combinations. The use of these linear combinations was shown to be sensitive primarily to the green leaf area or green leaf biomass. As such, these linear combinations of the red and photographic IR radiances can be employed to monitor the photosynthetically active biomass of plant canopies.Notes: highly cited? Huete, A.R. (1988), A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Remote Sensing of Environment, 25 (3), 295-309.Full Text: 1988\Rem Sen Env25, 295.pdfAbstract: A transformation technique is presented to minimize soil brightness influences from spectral vegetation indices involving red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Graphically, the transformation involves a shifting of the origin of reflectance spectra plotted in NIR-red wavelength space to account for first-order soil-vegetation interactions and differential red and NIR flux extinction through vegetated canopies. For cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var DPI-70) and range grass (Eragrosticslehmanniana Nees) canopies, underlain with different soil backgrounds, the transformation nearly eliminated soil-induced variations in vegetation indices. A physical basis for the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) is subsequently presented. The SAVI was found to be an important step toward the establishment of simple °lobal” that can describe dynamic soil-vegetation systems from remotely sensed data.Notes: highly cited? Congalton, R.G. (1991), A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 37 (1), 35-46.Full Text: 1991\Rem Sen Env37, 35.pdfAbstract: This paper reviews the necessary considerations and available techniques for assessing the accuracy of remotely sensed data. Included in this review are the classification system, the sampling scheme, the sample size, spatial autocorrelation, and the assessment techniques. All analysis is based on the use of an error matrix or contingency table. Example matrices and results of the analysis are presented. Future trends including the need for assessment of other spatial data are also discussed.Keywords: Accuracy, Agreement, Analysis, Assessing, Assessment, Autocorrelation, Classification, Coefficient, Data, Error, Matrix, Review, Reviews, Sample Size, Sampling, Size, Spatial Data, Techniques, Trends, Use Map AccuracyNotes: highly cited? Holben, B.N., Eck, T.F., Slutsker, I., Tanre, D., Buis, J.P., Setzer, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J.A., Kaufman, Y.J., Nakajima, T., Lavenu, F., Jankowiak, I. and Smirnov, A. (1998), AERONET - A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization. Remote Sensing of Environment, 66 (1), 1-16.Full Text: 1998\Rem Sen Env66, 1.pdfAbstract: The concept and description of a remote sensing aerosol monitoring network initiated by NASA, developed to support NASA, CNES, and NASDA’s Earth satellite systems under the name AERONET and expanded by national and international collaboration, is described. Recent development of weather-resistant automatic sun and sky scanning spectral radiometers enable frequent measurements of atmospheric aerosol optical properties and precipitable water at remote sites. Transmission of automatic measurements via the geostationary satellites GOES and METEOSATS’ Data Collection Systems allows reception and processing in near real-time from approximately 75% of the Earth’s surface and with the expected addition of GMS, the coverage will increase to 90% in 1998. NASA developed a UNIX-based near real-time processing, display emerging global database. Information on the system is available on the project homepage, . The philosophy of an open access database, centralized processing and a user-friendly graphical interface has contributed to the growth of international cooperation for ground-based aerosol monitoring and imposes a standardization for these measurements. The system’s automatic data acquisition, transmission, and processing facilitates aerosol characterization on local, regional, and global scales with applications to transport and radiation budget studies, radiative transfer-modeling and validation of satellite aerosol retrievals. This article discusses the operation and philosophy of the monitoring system, the precision and accuracy of the measuring radiometers, a brief description of the processing system, and access to the database. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1998.Keywords: Access, Accuracy, Avhrr Data, Budget, Characterization, Collaboration, Cooperation, Coverage, Data, Database, Development, Extinction, Gm, Growth, Interface, International, International Cooperation, Local, Monitoring, Network, Open, Open Access, Operation, Optical Properties, Optical-Properties, Philosophy, Precision, Radiation, Recent, Regional, Remote Sensing, Remote-Sensing, Retrieval, Scales, Science, Sky Brightness Measurements, Solar, Standardization, Sun Photometry, Support, Surface, Systems, Transmission, Transport, Validation, Vapor Column Abundance, Water, Water-Vapor? Huete, A., Didan, K., Miura, T., Rodriguez, E.P., Gao, X. and Ferreira, L.G. (2002), Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83 (1-2), 195-213.Full Text: 2002\Rem Sen Env83, 195.pdfAbstract: We evaluated the initial 12 months of vegetation index product availability from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the Earth Observing System-Terra platform. Two MODIS vegetation indices (VI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI), are produced at 1-km and 500-m resolutions and 16-day compositing periods. This paper presents an initial analysis of the MODIS NDVI and EVI performance from both radiometric and biophysical perspectives. We utilize a combination of site-intensive and regionally extensive approaches to demonstrate the performance and validity of the two indices. Our results showed a good correspondence between airborne-measured, top-of-canopy reflectances and VI values with those from the MODIS sensor at four intensively measured test sites representing semi-arid grass/shrub, savanna, and tropical forest biomes. Simultaneously derived field biophysical measures also demonstrated the scientific utility of the MODIS VI. Multitemporal profiles of the MODIS VIs over numerous biome types in North and South America well represented their seasonal phenologies. Comparisons of the MODIS-NDVI with the NOAA-14, 1-km AVHRR-NDVI temporal profiles showed that the MODIS-based index performed with higher fidelity. The dynamic range of the MODIS VIs are presented and their sensitivities in discriminating vegetation differences are evaluated in sparse and dense vegetation areas. We found the NDVI to asymptotically saturate in high biomass regions such as in the Amazon while the EVI remained sensitive to canopy variations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Leaf-Area Index, Avhrr Data, Eos-Modis, Bidirectional Reflectance, Sensitivity Analysis, Water-Vapor, Land, Canopies, Images, RadiationTitle: Renewable EnergyFull Journal Title: Renewable EnergyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorTouré, S. and Kibangu-Nkembo, S. (2004), Comparative study of natural solar drying of cassava, banana and mango. Renewable Energy, 29 (6), 975-990.Full Text: 2004\Ren Ene29, 975.pdfAbstract: This paper is about a comparative study of some parameters related to natural solar drying of cassava, ripe(I) or raw(II) plantain banana and mango. The comparative study was carried out by investigating the constant rate period, the falling rate period and the transition between these two periods. For the constant rate period, the product temperature Tp and the ambient temperature Ta were analysed in relation with the initial moisture content Wi. Then the maximum temperature difference DTmax between Ta and Tp was investigated, and found to decrease exponentially with Wi. In the constant rate period, parameters such as hc/, dm/dt and the mass transfer coefficient hm were reported and discussed. A new parameter was then introduced and termed the specific rate Rsp, which strongly correlated to Wi and DTmax. The critical point Wc was also taken into account. As for the falling rate period, the study was carried out by means of the overall resistance to diffusion Rds. The next step was the analysis of the drying rhythms. Finally, the investigation about the rewetting behaviour of the four products was made by using the desorption and sorption velocities (Vdes and Vsor), and the rewetting rate, too.? Celiktas, M.S., Sevgili, T. and Kocar, G. (2009), A snapshot of renewable energy research in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 34 (6), 1479-1486.Full Text: 2009\Ren Ene34, 1479.pdfAbstract: The present study was conducted to find out the development trends of the scientific studies in the field of renewable energies in Turkey. All the publications in the ISI Web database were screened using 36 different keywords in title or topics based on the affiliation addresses including the word “Turkey”. A total of 12,197 publications were processed article by article and as a result 1555 papers were found to focus on renewable energies between the years 1980 and 2008 with the contributions of 1605 authors. The results showed that 45.2% was experimental, 34.3% informational studies whereas 20.5% was available system analysis. Number of publications in biomass and conversion system (39.1%) and solar energy systems (20.0%) were dominating. Both number of publications and citations increased in the last decade and more than half of total contributions were published last four years. Results indicated that policy development studies (3.3%) were the weakest among the whole parameters investigated. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Affiliation, Affiliation Addresses, Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric Analysis, Biomass, Citations, Conversion, Database, Development, Energy, Exergy Analysis, Experimental, Field, Fuels, ISI, JUN, Lotka Law, Number of Publications, Papers, Plant, Policy, Policy Development, Power, Productivity, Publications, R&D, Renewable Energies, Renewable Energy, Research, Rights, Science, Scientometric, Solar, Solar Energy, Solar Energy Systems, Storage, System Analysis, Systems, Technology, Trends, Turkey? Romo-Fernández, L.M., López-Pujalte, C., Bote, V.P.G. and Moya-Aneón, F. (2011), Analysis of Europe’s scientific production on renewable energies. Renewable Energy, 36 (9), 2529-2537.Full Text: 2011\Ren Ene36, 2529.pdfAbstract: An overview is given of research in the major countries of Europe in the area of renewable energies. The analysis used the Scopus (Elsevier) database of scientific literature, calculating bibliometric indices (primary production, average citations per document, percentage variation, SJR, etc.) for the geographical domain of Europe during the period 2002-2007. The aim of the study is to supplement previous works on the subject which have mostly been limited to a particular type of energy without addressing the area as a whole, as well as to expand their methodological approaches in both the data retrieval strategy and the calculation of indices. The results show Europe to be well positioned globally in this scientific field - in production, in citations, and in impact. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indices, Bibliometrics, Biomass, Citations, Europe, Literature, Overview, Primary, Renewable Energy, Research, Research Support, Scopus, Statistics & Numerical DataTitle: Renewable & Sustainable Energy ReviewsFull Journal Title: Renewable & Sustainable Energy ReviewsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Ioannidou, O. and Zabaniotou, A. (2007), Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production - A review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11 (9), 1966-2005.Full Text: 2007\Ren Sus Ene Rev11, 1966.pdfAbstract: A review of the production of activated carbons from agricultural residues is presented. The effects of various process parameters on the pyrolysis stage are reviewed. Influences of activating conditions, physical and chemical, on the active carbon properties are discussed. Under certain process conditions several active carbons with BET surface areas, ranging between 250 and 2410 m2/g and pore volumes of 0.022 and 91.4 cm3/g, have been produced. A comparison in characteristics and uses of activated carbons from agricultural residues with those issued from tires, and commercial carbons, have been made. A review is carried out of the reaction kinetic modelling, applied to pyrolysis of agricultural wastes and activation of their pyrolytic char. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Activated Carbons, Agricultural Wastes, Pyrolysis, Activation, Modeling, Waste Corn Cob, TGA Gasification Experiments, Shrinking Biomass Particle, Pistachio-NUT Shells, Large Wood Particles, Natural-Gas Storage, Heat-Transfer, Rice-Husk, Mathematical-Model, Aqueous-Solution? Mirza, U.K., Ahmad, N., Harijan, K. and Majeed, T. (2009), A vision for hydrogen economy in Pakistan. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13 (5), 1111-1115.Full Text: 2009\Ren Sus Ene Rev13, 1111.pdfAbstract: Fossil fuels possess very useful properties not shared by non-conventional energy sources that have made them popular during the last century but unfortunately they are not renewable. Since the oil crisis of 1973, considerable progress has been made in the search for alternative energy sources. Among the candidates, hydrogen holds a pre-eminent position because of its high energy content, environmental compatibility and ease of storage and distribution. Hydrogen can be produced in a variety of ways. Water electrolysis is one of the most utilized industrial processes for hydrogen production. This article discusses advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen energy. Besides, barriers and challenges to hydrogen economy have been summarized. The current energy situation in Pakistan is presented followed by a road map to hydrogen economy in Pakistan. It is concluded that a combination of fuel cells and a hydrogen infrastructure is a way forward to combat the long-term challenges of climate change and energy security for Pakistan. The hydrogen economy potentially offers the possibility to deliver a range of benefits for the country; however, significant challenges exist and these are unlikely to be overcome without serious efforts. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Hydrogen, Pakistan, Energy Policy, Hydrogen Economy, Energy, InfrastructureTitle: Report ER822-M, WRC Medmenham? Critchley, R.F. and Agg, A.R. (1986), Sources and pathways of trace metals in the United Kingdom. Report ER822-M, WRC Medmenham.Title: Reproductive Biomedicine OnlineFull Journal Title: Reproductive Biomedicine OnlineISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Petersen, C.G., Oliveira, J.B.A., Mauri, A.L., Massaro, F.C., Baruffi, R.L.R., Pontes, A. and Franco, J.G. (2009), Relationship between visualization of meiotic spindle in human oocytes and ICSI outcomes: A meta-analysis. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 18 (2), 235-243.Abstract: The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of meiotic spindle visualization in human oocytes on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. Search strategies included on-line Surveys of databases (MEDLINE, EM BASE, Science Citation Index, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Ovid). The fixed effect was used for odds ratio. Ten trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria comparing in-vitro and clinical ICSI outcomes with or without visualization of meiotic spindle in fresh and in-vivo matured oocytes. According to the meta-analysis, the results showed statistically significant higher fertilization rate (P < 0.0001) when the meiotic spindle was viewed than when it was not. Moreover, the percentage of pro-nuclear-stage embyros with good morphology (P = 0.003), cleavage rate (P < 0.0001), percentage of day-3 top-quality embryos (P = 0.003) and percentage of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage (P < 0.0001) were statistically significantly better among, embryos derived from oocytes in which meiotic spindle was viewed compared with those in which meiotic spindle was not observed. However, these differences were not observed in the clinical pregnancy or implantation rates. This observation has clinical relevance mainly in countries where there is a legal limit on the number of oocytes to be fertilized. However, additional controlled trials are needed to further confirm these results.Keywords: 1st Polar Body, Citation, Databases, Embryonic-Development, Fertilization, Human Oocyte, ICSI, Implantation, In-Vitro, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Living Human Oocytes, Location, Matured Human Oocytes, Medline, Meiotic Spindle, Meta-Analysis, Outcomes, Polscope, Science, Science Citation Index, VisualizationTitle: Reproductive ToxicologyFull Journal Title: Reproductive ToxicologyISO Abbreviated Title: Reprod. Toxicol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Reprod ToxicolISSN: 0890-6238Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Pergamon-Elsevier Science LtdPublisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, EnglandSubject Categories: Reproductive Biology Toxicology: Impact FactorUriu-Hare, J.Y., Swan, S.H., Bui, L.M., Neutra, R.R. and Keen, C.L. (1995), Drinking water source and reproductive outcomes in Sprague-Dawley rats. Reproductive Toxicology, 9 (6), 549-561.Full Text: R\Rep Tox9, 549.pdfAbstract: As part of our work on the influence of water source on reproductive outcome, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to tap water, bottled water, or deionized water treatment groups, utilizing 160 animals per treatment; animals received the water prior to and during pregnancy. Rats were shipped in four batches (A-D). Batch effects were seen for several reproductive parameters. Because the tap water supply was interrupted by an earthquake resulting in an unbalanced design, primary analyses utilized only batches C and D, which included most of the tap water-treated rats. A treatment effect with respect to resorption frequency was seen that was marginally significant using a fixed-effects analysis of variance (P = 0.053), but not when batch was entered as a random effect (P = 0.36). The data were modeled by logistic regression, controlling for batch, litter size, and batch-treatment interaction. The odds ratio comparing tap to bottled water was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.3, P = 0.05), which was similar to the epidemiologic result that prompted this study. The magnitude of this association varied by batch, and the difference in resorption frequency was within the range of variation seen for control animals. Although these findings do not justify public health action at this time, further investigation is warranted.Keywords: Reproduction, Pregnancy Outcome, Resorption, Water, Bacteria, Rats, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, Spontaneous-Abortion, Birth-Defects, California, Consumption, TAPTitle: Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ProceedingsFull Journal Title: Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ProceedingsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Tarrant, D., Carr, L. and Payne, T. (2008), Releasing the power of digital metadata: examining large networks of co-related publications. Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, Proceedings, 5173, 172-184.Abstract: Bibliographic metadata plays a key role in scientific literature, not only to summarise and establish the facts of the publication record, but also to track citations between publications and hence to establish the impact of individual articles within the literature. Commercial secondary publishers have typically taken on the role of rekeying, mining and analysing this huge corpus of linked data, but as the primary literature has moved to the world of the digital repository, this task is now undertaken by new services such as Citeseer, Citebase or Google Scholar. As institutional and subject-based repositories proliferate and Open Access mandates increase, more of the literature will become openly available in well managed data islands containing a much greater amount of detailed bibliometric metadata in formats such as RDF. Through the use of efficient extraction and inference techniques, complex relations between data items can be established. In this paper we explain the importance of the co-relation in enabling new techniques to rate the impact of a paper or author within a large corpus of publications.Keywords: Bibliometric, Citation Analysis, Citations, Google Scholar, Impact, Journals, Literature, Publication, Publication Record, Publications, Scientific Literature? Tonnies, S. and Balke, W.T. (2009), Using semantic technologies in digital libraries: A roadmap to quality evaluation. Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, Proceedings, 5714, 168-179.Abstract: In digital libraries semantic techniques are often deployed to reduce the expensive manual overhead for indexing documents, maintaining metadata, or caching for future search. However, using such techniques may cause a decrease in a collection’s quality due to their statistical nature. Since data quality is a major concern in digital libraries, it is important to be able to measure the (loss of) quality of metadata automatically generated by semantic techniques. In this paper we present a user study based on a typical semantic technique used for automatic metadata creation, namely taxonomies of author keywords and tag clouds. We observed experts assessing typical relations between keywords and documents over a small corpus in the field of chemistry. Based on the evaluation of this experiment, we focused on communalities between the experts’ perception and thus draw a first roadmap on how to evaluate semantic techniques by proposing some preliminary metrics.Keywords: Author Keywords, Chemistry, Digital Libraries, Evaluation, Indexing, Information Quality, Libraries, Metrics, Semantic, Semantic Technologies, Statistical, Taxonomies, TechniquesTitle: Research on Aging? Hazelrigg, L.E. and Hardy, M.A. (1997), Perceived income adequacy among older adults: Issues of conceptualization and measurement, with an analysis of data. Research on Aging, 19 (1), 69-107.Abstract: Several scholars have argued that because of problems associated with the use of a uniform ‘objective’ standard in assessments of well-being, more attention should be given to persons’ own judgments of well-being. This article develops a conceptual mapping of processes involved in judgments of income adequacy and then tests a number of derived hypotheses with data from a probability sample of older adults. The results indicate that relative standing as well as health status, household size, and level of income have independent effects on judgments of income adequacy; that income is endogenous to the judgment process; that effects of demographic variables and labor supply are sensitive to that endogeneity; and that as older adults age, they tend to discount needs relative to available income. Even under conditions of poverty, there is a strong bias toward positive judgments of adequacy.Keywords: Life Quality, Satisfaction, Happiness, Poverty, States, GenderTitle: Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and PharmacologyFull Journal Title: Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and PharmacologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-5164Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Gerber, N. and Wagner, J.G. (1972), Explanation of dose-dependent decline of diphenylhydantoin plasma levels by fitting to integrated form of Michaelis-Menten equation. Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, 3 (3), 455-??.Title: Research in Developmental DisabilitiesFull Journal Title: Research in Developmental DisabilitiesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Swanson, H.L., Hughes, G. and Nicholes, J. (1988), Characteristics of frequently cited articles in mental-retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 9 (3), 213-227.Full Text: 1988\Res Dev Dis9, 213.pdf? Scior, K. (2011), Public awareness, attitudes and beliefs regarding intellectual disability: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32 (6), 2164-2182.Full Text: 2011\Res Dev Dis32, 2164.pdfAbstract: The general public’s responses to people with intellectual disabilities influence the likely success or failure of policies aimed at increasing their social inclusion. The present paper provides a review of general population based research into awareness, attitudes and beliefs regarding intellectual disability published in English between 1990 and mid-2011. An electronic search using PsycINFO and Web of Science plus a hand search of the literature was completed. Most of the 75 studies identified consisted of descriptive surveys of attitudes. They tend to conclude that age, educational attainment and prior contact with someone with an intellectual disability predict attitudes, while the effect of gender is inconsistent. Eight studies examined lay knowledge about intellectual disability and beliefs about its causation in a range of cultural contexts. The impact of interventions designed to improve attitudes or awareness was examined by 12 studies. The evidence is limited by the fact that it is mostly based on relatively small unrepresentative samples and cross-sectional designs. It is concluded that overall, high quality research into general population attitudes to intellectual disability is limited. Public knowledge of intellectual disability and causal beliefs are particularly under-researched areas. There is a notable absence of well designed evaluations of efforts to reduce misconceptions about intellectual disability and tackle negative attitudes. Areas for future research are noted, including the need for well designed studies that consider awareness, attitudes and beliefs in relation to stigma theory. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Attitudes, Awareness, Beliefs, Community Integration, Disability, Downs-Syndrome, English, Gender, Hand, Impact, Intellectual Disability, Intergroup Contact Theory, Interventions, Japanese Adults, Key Informant, Knowledge, Lay Knowledge, Learning-Disabilities, Literature, Mental-Retardation, Policies, Psychometric Analysis, Public, Research, Review, Science, Social, Social Distance, Students Attitudes, Success, Systematic, Systematic Review, Theory, Web of ScienceTitle: Research EvaluationFull Journal Title: Research EvaluationISO Abbreviated Title: Res. Evaluat.JCR Abbreviated Title: Res EvaluatISSN: 0958-2029Issues/Year: 3Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Beech Tree PublishingPublisher Address: 10 Watford Close, Guildford GU1 2EP, Surrey, EnglandSubject Categories: Information Science & Library Science: Impact Factor 0.308, 37/55 (2002) SSCI? van Raan, A.F.J. (2000), R&D evaluation at the beginning of the new century. Research Evaluation, 9 (2), 81-86.Full Text: 2000\Res Eva9, 81.pdfAbstract: The assessment of the socioeconomic impact of R&D is a crucial issue on science and technology policy, Following recent discussions in a special working group of the European Union, the main problems are sketched and then limits and opportunities are identified Elements for ‘the wayforward’ in this delicate matter are suggested. One is the application of objective, high-quality evaluation methods; a recent ‘real- life’ example, the application of an advanced bibliometric research performance evaluation and monitoring methodology, particularly designed for new, interdisciplinary, application-oriented research, is discussed.? Yi, C.G. and Kang, K.B. (2000), Developments of the evaluation system of government-supported research institutes in Korean science and technology. Research Evaluation, 9 (3), 158-170.Full Text: 2000\Res Eva9, 158.pdfAbstract: The evaluation system of the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) — a leading Korean research institute, which has been operating its evaluation system since 1993, earlier than 19 other government-supported research institutes — is appraised. Desirable directions for the development of ETRI’s evaluation system are suggested. An analytic framework is proposed, comprising evaluation paradigm, basic components of evaluation, supportive components of evaluation and evaluation utilization, and these four main components are subclassified as 14 subcomponents of R&D evaluation. ETRI needs further development in evaluation activities, especially in evaluation purposes and evaluation utilization.? van Leeuwen, T. and Tijssen, R. (2000), Interdisciplinary dynamics of modern science: Analysis of cross-disciplinary citation flows. Research Evaluation, 9 (3), 183-187.Full Text: 2000\Res Eva9, 183.pdfAbstract: The references in research papers provide empirical data on knowledge flows within and between scientific disciplines. Many citations refer to papers that are published in scientific journals covering adjacent scientific disciplines. We have used this information source to explore - at the global level - the extent to which disciplines are interrelated through these cross-disciplinary citation links. Irt this paper we describe the main features of the bibliometric methodology. The first results of this study provide new macro-level data on the interdisciplinarity, of modern science and identify a few disciplines, such as meteorology and atmospheric sciences, in which research has become noticeably more interdisciplinary.Keywords: Collaboration, Impact, Policy? Salvador, M.R. and Lopez-Martinez, R.E. (2000), Cognitive structure of research: Scientometric mapping in sintered materials. Research Evaluation, 9 (3), 189-200.Full Text: 2000\Res Eva9, 189.pdfAbstract: Recent changes in international technology have forced a shift in firms’ behaviour focused on information management. Identification of threats and opportunities from analysis of literature and patents has gained great importance. Scientometrics, particularly the construction of science and technology roadmaps, is an important analytical tool for managing thousands of decrements contained in databases The findings of a scientometric study specifically concerning sintered materials are presented. A cognitive cartography of the published literature between 1996 and 1997 was built applying a co-word method. The results are relevant to research related to sintering in ceramics, crystals, metals and composites.Keywords: Analysis, Co-Word, Databases, Information Management, Literature, Management, Mapping, Maps, Patents, Research, Roadmaps, Science, Science and Technology, Scientometrics, TechnologyBalestri, M.G., Mangiaracina, S. and Nobili, D. (2001), Bibliometric S&T indicators to comply with users’ needs. Research Evaluation, 10 (1), 5-12.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 5.pdfAbstract: Homogeneous and easy to update scientometric indicators for a wide spectrum of problems were obtained by making use of the bibliographic database Current Contents. The procedures adopted and the major factors which can affect the accuracy of the results are reported and discussed. Case studies are presented concerning: international co-operation, foreign policy, and vocation for industrial settlements, all of which provide examples of how these indicators cart comply with a variety of needs.Butler, L. (2001), Revisiting bibliometric issues using new empirical data. Research Evaluation, 10 (1), 59-65.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 59.pdfAbstract: Using research funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the classification of the grant that funded the! research which led to the publication was contrasted with the use of a common proxy, journal set classification. Frequently, the two measures produce very similar results but major differences can occur. Acknowledgments data appear to accurately reflect a funding body’s total research output, but lack the ability to identify, individual funding schemes within such bodies. In contrast to the output funded by long-term grants, publications from research funded on a limited, three-year cycle exhibit a very fast publication turn-around - considerably faster than the often-quoted four years. The accuracy with which researchers report links between publications and the grants from which they emanate is examined.Lewison, G. (2001), Evaluation of books as research outputs in history of medicine. Research Evaluation, 10 (2), 89-95.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 89.pdfAbstract: Lists of books about the history of medicine were compiled from book reviews and from the references in papers in the subject taken from the Social Sciences Citation Index. The authors I addresses were sought from papers in this database and thereby some of the books could be attributed to individual countries, such as the UK and the USA, which were to be compared. Counts of citations and of reviews to individual books both showed that the UK was a very strong performer in this subject, and that its standing relatively had increased over the last few decades. This judgement reinforced the results of interviews carried out overseas with senior historians of medicine and gave them extra credibility.Keywords: Citations, Fields, Research, SciencesLewison, G., Rafferty, A.M. and Traynor, M. (2001), Is nursing research typical of biomedical research? Research Evaluation, 10 (2), 97-103.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 97.pdfAbstract: UK nursing research papers 1988–1995, classified by subject area and funding source, were compared with papers in a medical sub-field, anaesthetics research. By comparison with anaesthetics, nursing research papers are growing rapidly but mainly in subject areas related to the profession of nursing. Very few nursing research papers receive external funding, especially in these inward-looking or ‘endogenous’ subject areas. The esteem with which nursing research papers were held, both by researchers and practitioners, bore no relation to the citation scores of the journals. As nursing research matures, there will be a need to concentrate more on patient-oriented, or ‘exogenous’ research and new funding sources for this will have to be developed.Liang, L. and Wu, Y. (2001), Selection of databases, indicators and models for evaluating research performance of Chinese universities. Research Evaluation, 10 (2), 105-113.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 105.pdfAbstract: Both report-based and derived databases are currently used in the evaluation exercises of Chinese universities. To examine their respective reliability, the stratification structures of medical universities are compared. SCI, Chinese Scientific and Technical papers and Citations (CSTPC) and Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) are all derived databases that are widely used in the evaluation of research performance of Chinese universities. What are the differences among these three databases? How important is the indicator of publication count in comparison with the quality or impact indicators? What mathematical model could better describe the rank-frequency distribution of given evaluation indicators among universities? This paper tries to answer these questions. Extended negative exponential function proves to be an appropriate model to fit the rank-frequency distribution here. A multi-equivalent comprehensive indicator is built and used to rank universities according to their research performance.Mason, B., Green, E. and Grant, J. (2001), Factors that lead to advances in neonatal intensive care: Comroe and Dripps revisited. Research Evaluation, 10 (2), 121-127.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 121.pdfAbstract: To date, the only study of the relative clinical benefits of basic and applied research was carried out in 1976 by Comroe and Dripps. That work is now 25 years old An attempt was made to repeat their methodology as closely as possible. The field of study selected was neonatal intensive care. A questionnaire was used to identify candidates for the top ten advances in the field. Next, a bibliometric search identified the research papers that underpinned the discoveries. These were gathered into a database, which was analysed using accepted bibliometric techniques, specifically to illustrate the relative levels of basic and clinical research at various stages of the advances’ development.Keywords: ResearchWidhalm, C., Topolnik, M., Kopcsa, A., Schiebel, E. and Weber, M. (2001), Evaluating patterns of co-operation: Application of a bibliometric visualisation tool to the Fourth Framework Programme and the Transport Research Programme. Research Evaluation, 10 (2), 129-140.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 129.pdfAbstract: Networks of collaboration have been set up within the European Union’s Fourth Framework Programme (FP4) by applying cooccurrence analysis and visualisation in two-dimensional knowledge maps. The focus of the analysis is on the patterns of co-operation and collaboration in research networks within FP4, involving the industrial, research and education sectors of all EU-Member States. The aggregate situation of FP4, and the Transport Research Programme in particular, are examined to identify features within patterns of co-operation of relevance to European research. The methodology is summarised, and potential for future research evaluation within the European Research Area is assessed.? Mason, B., Green, E. and Grant, J. (2001), Factors that lead to advances in neonatal intensive care: Comroe and Dripps revisited. Research Evaluation, 10 (2), 121-127.Full Text: 2001\Res Eva10, 121.pdfAbstract: To date, the only study of the relative clinical benefits of basic and applied research was carried out in 1976 by Comroe and Dripps. That work is now 25 years old An attempt was made to repeat their methodology as closely as possible. The field of study selected was neonatal intensive care. A questionnaire was used to identify candidates for the top ten advances in the field. Next, a bibliometric search identified the research papers that underpinned the discoveries. These were gathered into a database, which was analysed using accepted bibliometric techniques, specifically to illustrate the relative levels of basic and clinical research at various stages of the advances’ development.Webster, B.M. (2001), Polish women in science: A bibliometric analysis of Polish science and its publications, 1980-1999. Research Evaluation, 10 (3), 185-194.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 185.pdfAbstract: From Polish articles in the SCI, the level of women’s productivity is compared to the number of Polish women scientists; their disciplines and favoured types of research are determined; their levels of international and domestic co-operation are measured, as are their publications in Polish and foreign languages.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Gender, Research, Researchers, Scientific Productivity, Sex- Differences, Sociology Citation Indexvan Leeuwen, T.N., van der Wurff, L.J. and van Raan, A.F.J. (2001), The use of combined bibliometric methods in research funding policy. Research Evaluation, 10 (3), 195-201.Full Text: R\Res Eva10, 195.pdfAbstract: The advantages and disadvantages of bibliometric methods (based on different databases) in research assessment in relation to funding policy are discussed. The main goal of the study is to answer the question raised by two major funding organizations in the Netherlands, whether or not they funded the ‘best’ research in their fields of medical science. On the one hand, our empirical data of these two case studies in medical research clearly show that field-delineation is a major problem in the process of research evaluation, as a basis for funding policy. However, on the other hand, the applied methodology proves the utility of bibliometric instruments in the exploration of fields of science, and particularly in relation to the search for quality in research groups.Keywords: Sociology Citation Index, Scientific Productivity, Sex-Differences, Gender, ResearchersLaudel, G. (2002), What do we measure by co-authorships? Research Evaluation, 11 (1), 3-15.Full Text: R\Res Eva11, 3.pdfAbstract: Interviews with scientists about the content and reward of collaborations, and classification of contributions of co-authors and scientists cited in acknowledgements, identified six types of research collaborations with distinct patterns of rewards; showed that about half of the collaborations are invisible in formal communication channels because they are not rewarded; and showed that about one third of the collaborations are rewarded only by acknowledgements.Nicolaisen, J. (2002), The scholarliness of published peer reviews: A bibliometric study of book reviews in selected social science fields. Research Evaluation, 11 (3), 129-140.Full Text: R\Res Eva11, 129.pdfAbstract: Book reviews serve a number of important functions in various academic settings, necessitating a high level of scholarship. A scholarly book review describes and characterizes not only the book in question, but also the topic with which it is dealing. It examines whether the book under review provides new knowledge to the field, and how it relates to established theories. Scholarly book reviews consequently reflect-their scholarly qualifications by containing appropriate discussions of related literature. The paper proposes a bibliometric technique for determining the scholarliness of book reviews. The proposed technique rests on central insights gained from related research on scholarly communication, strategic research materials, and genre analysis. Inclusion of bibliographic references is revealed to be a key indicator of scholarship and is therefore implemented as the decisive factor in the following case study of book reviews in six selected social science fields.Keywords: Information-Science, CommunicationRey-Rocha, J. and Martín-Sempere, M.J. (2002), Geographic information systems for science and technology indicators. Research Evaluation, 11 (3), 141-148.Full Text: R\Res Eva11, 141.pdfAbstract: A new application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to the field of scientometrics and S&T indicators (STI) is here reported. GISSTI (Geographic Information System for S&T indicators) is a system aimed at exploring the possibilities of GIS for managing scientific information and obtaining input and output STI. The main advantages. of the system are its capacity for: managing geographically referenced information, automatically calculating statistics and indicators, and graphically, cartographically and interactively displaying them; and for supporting layered views of spatial data, allowing them to overlay different layers of STI, together with other layers of geophysical, environmental and socio-economic data. These characteristics make it particularly useful for the analysis of disciplines with a significant territorial component, such as the environment, earth sciences or natural resources.Lewison, G., Lipworth, S. and de Francisco, A. (2002), Input indicators from output measures: A bibliometric approach to the estimation of malaria research funding. Research Evaluation, 11 (3), 155-163.Full Text: R\Res Eva11, 155.pdfAbstract: Linking outputs in papers by leading malaria researchers to their budgets gave a global estimate of between US$290 and 333 million for the annual investment in malaria research. Using the acknowledgements, funding sources were determined for one third of the papers, and the fraction of malaria research expenditure attributable to individual leading agencies was estimated This gave good agreement with agencies’ own estimates. Thus output indicators can be used to derive robust input indicators for research, and will give a better idea of global spend than the sum of individual agency budgets. The new method does, however, miss the research that is not covered in the Science Citation Index, much of which will be from developing countries.? Bonaccorsi, A. and Daraio, C. (2003), A robust nonparametric approach to the analysis of scientific productivity. Research Evaluation, 12 (1), 47-69.Full Text: 2003\Res Eva12, 47.pdfAbstract: Data on scientific productivity at institutes of the French INSERM and at. biomedical research institutes of the Italian CNR for 1997 were analysed. Available data on human capital input and geographical agglomeration allowed the estimation and comparison of efficiency measures. Nonparametric envelopment techniques were used, and robust nonparametric techniques were applied in this work for the first time for evaluating scientific productivity. They are shown to be useful tools to compute scientific productivity indicators and make institutional comparative analyses. Taking into account a large number of methodological problems, a meaningful and rigorous indirect comparison is made possible. Several possible explanations of the observed differences in productivity are commented on.Keywords: Analysis, Biomedical, Biomedical Research, Data Envelopment Analysis, Dea, Efficiency, Frontier Models, Impact, Indicators, Of-The-Art, Performance-Measures, Productivity, Research, Research Institutes, School-District, Scientific Productivity, Scientometric Indicators, Spillovers? Grupp, H. (2003), Evolution of a theory in economics: bibliometric assessment of search theory vis-a-vis game theory. Research Evaluation, 12 (3), 205-216.Full Text: 2003\Res Eva12, 205.pdfAbstract: Search theory which originated from operations research was first introduced into microeconomics in the 1960s. Typical applications are the commodities’ markets, investment fields or labour markets. Search theory can replace the model of frictionless transactions between purchasers and suppliers and the statement of equilibrium prices. The quest for trade alternatives becomes a fundamental feature on markets if economic decisions have to be made in a climate of uncertainty and without full information. Despite this demand, search theory has not developed so dynamically as comparable theories. This review article defines the potential of search theory in economics, indicates its chronological development and sheds light on some apathy towards search theory. The evaluation is based both on qualitative and quantitative assessments using bibliometric data to measure the research output in time series.Keywords: Applications, Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Assessment, Bibliometric Data, Consumer Search, Development, Economics, Evaluation, Growth, Information, Investment, Knowledge, Model, Operations Research, Price, Research, Research Output, TheoryGrant, J., Green, L. and Mason, B. (2003), Basic research and health: A reassessment of the scientific basis for the support of biomedical science. Research Evaluation, 12 (3), 217-224.Full TextR\Res Eva12, 217.pdf Abstract: The bibliographic details of research papers underpinning five clinical advances in neonatal intensive care were collated and analysed using applied bibliometric techniques. After a time-lag of about 17 years, between 2% and 21% of research underpinning clinical advances in NIC could be described as basic. This observation is at odds with Comroe and Dripps’ 1976 finding.Lewison, G., Lipworth, S., Rippon, I., Roe, P. and Cottrell, R. (2003), Geographical equity between outputs of biomedical research grants and research capability as an indicator of the peer-review process for grant applications. Research Evaluation, 12 (3), 225-230.Full Text: R\Res Eva12, 225.pdfAbstract: A function of the known citation impact factor of journals in which papers are published is likely to affect funding decisions by committees of award. A comparison of the goodness of fit between the geographical distributions within a country of the ‘inputs’ to the funding decision and the ‘outputs’. as revealed by the locations of later papers that acknowledge the support of the funding body, can reveal the form of this function. Hence it can describe the decision-making process of a funder - ‘egalitarian’ ‘valuing all papers the same, or ‘elitist’. giving much more weight to papers in highly citedjournals. The analysis has been applied to two sets of UK papers, in cancer research and cardiology, and yields realistic and consistent results for this function for several different funding bodies.Keywords: Journals? Glaser, J., Spurling, T.H. and Butler, L. (2004), Intraorganisational evaluation: Are there ‘least evaluable units’. Research Evaluation, 13 (1), 19-32.Full Text: 2004\Res Eva13, 19.pdfAbstract: An increasing number of universities and research organisations are introducing internal evaluations which are often based on quantitative indicators. However, it is likely that a ‘least evaluable unit’ (LEU) exists in every research organisation, and that below this level many standard quantitative performance indicators no longer provide a valid measure of performance. In this paper, the LEU of a research organisation is identified by analysing retrospective performance evaluations at different levels of aggregation and enhancing their interpretation with the detailed knowledge of the organisation’s senior manager. The main obstacles to further disaggregation below the LEU are that indicators lose their statistical validity because of low numbers of publications and that the performance of subunits cannot be independently measured. The latter phenomenon is heightened at the level of scientists because work roles emerged that further clouded the application of performance measures to individuals.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Evaluation, Indicators, Knowledge, Performance Indicators, Publications, Research, Universities, ValidityAksnes, D.W. and Taxt, R.E. (2004), Peer reviews and bibliometric indicators: A comparative study at a Norwegian university. Research Evaluation, 13 (1), 33-41.Full Text: R\Res Eva13, 33.pdfAbstract: This study investigates the relationship between bibliometric indicators and the outcomes of peer reviews. Based on a case study of research groups at the University of Bergen, Norway, we examine how various bibliometric indicators correlate with evaluation ratings given by expert committees. The analysis shows positive but relatively weak correlations for all the selected indicators. Particular attention is devoted to the reasons for the discrepancies. We find that shortcomings of the peers’ assessments, of the bibliometric indicators, as well as lack of comparability, can explain why the correlation was not stronger.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Case Study, Citation, Correlations, Evaluation, Exercises, Impact, Indicators, Norway, Outcomes, Peer Reviews, Ratings, Research, University? Thelwall, M. (2004), Weak benchmarking indicators for formative and semi-evaluative assessment of research. Research Evaluation, 13 (1), 63-68.Full Text: 2004\Res Eva13, 63.pdfAbstract: Scientometric indicators are traditionally split into two types: evaluative and relational. The purpose of the former is to evaluate research-related activities whereas the latter are used to describe or explore research relationships. In practice, however, there are many indicators that are of an assessing nature but do not satisfy the reliability or validity criteria required for use in an evaluative role. The phrase ‘weak bench-marking’ is introduced for this kind, applicable to indicators for which yardstick values can be calculated. Applications include flagging potential causes for concern when benchmark figures are not met and identifying areas of apparent good practice. This can be either in the context of a monitoring role, to assess whether remedial action is needed, or in the context of providing partial evidence as part of a larger formal evaluation.Keywords: Assessment, Benchmarking, Evaluation, Impact, Indicators, Links, Publications, Reliability, Research, Science, Scientometric, University, Validity, WebWebster, B.M. (2004), Bibliometric analysis of presence and impact of ethnic minority researchers on science in the UK. Research Evaluation, 13 (1), 69-76.Full Text: R\Res Eva13, 69.pdfAbstract: This paper seeks to establish the degree of presence and potential impact of ethnic minority scientists on UK science. It does this by examining their published outputs (present in SCI). Ethnic minority researchers were identified and classed within seven distinct groups based on their surname. A fractional count of their papers was used to establish which fields they research into, what types of research they conduct (from basic to applied) and what is the potential impact of their work (citations to journal). Key findings suggest that in the last 20 years the proportion of ethnic-authored papers almost doubled, Chinese were the group which contributed most papers, ethnic minorities are best represented in engineering and technology, physics and chemistry and they tend to publish in applied journals with potential impact factor lower than that of nonethnic authors.Keywords: NameHicks, D., Tomizawa, H., Saitoh, Y. and Kobayashi, S. (2004), Bibliometric techniques in the evaluation of federally funded research in the United States. Research Evaluation, 13 (2), 78-86.Full Text: R\Res Eva13, 78.pdfAbstract: Research evaluation in the USA historically tended to rely more heavily on peer review than on bibliometric method, but interest in quantitative methods including bibliometrics appears to be growing. In this paper, we discuss the use of bibliometric techniques of research evaluation by the US federal government over the past decade. Within the past decade, commentators have pointed to something of a rebirth of interest in evaluation along with pressure on agencies to develop quantitative indicators. Evaluation of economic and societal outcomes of research has become a priority. Bibliometric method continues to evolve in response to these needs and therefore often finds application in evaluations of federal agency research.Yapa, G., de Silva, M.A.T. and de Silva, E.D. (2004), Trends and shifts in Institutional productivity: natural products chemistry research in Sri Lanka. Research Evaluation, 13 (3), 167-174.Full Text: 2004\Res Eva13, 167.pdfAbstract: A bibliometric analysis of institutional research productivity in nine Sri Lankan research laboratories in the field of natural products chemistry showed a conspicuous rise and fall during 1975 to 1998. One institution was the dominant contributor to this. Scientific impact resulting from intra-departmental collaboration was as strong as that from international collaboration. Changes in the working conditions as well as growing, disparities in research environments resulted in a productivity transposition within a set cultural landscape.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Collaboration, Research, Research Performance, Research ProductivityLewison, G., Rippon, I., de Francisco, A. and Lipworth, S. (2004), Outputs and expenditures on health research in eight disease areas using a bibliometric approach, 1996-2001. Research Evaluation, 13 (3), 181-188.Full Text: 2004\Res Eva13, 181.pdfAbstract: Research outputs were identified and analysed, then multiplied by the estimated cost per paper. The method, developed originally for malaria research, gave a more realistic estimate of global research expenditures than previous attempts based on summation of the research budgets of individual funders. Overall support for the different disease areas varied greatly; cardiovascular and mental health research attracts far more funding than malaria and dengue. In relation to the estimated disease burden in 2001, the highest ratio was for diabetes and lowest for tuberculosis, lower respiratory infections and malaria. These are much lower than the ratios for many common non-communicable diseases. Overall, the US National Institutes of Health and its individual component institutes were the highest spenders, but in some areas the big pharmaceutical companies spent more.Keywords: Bibliometric, Mental Health, Research, US? Lewison, G., Rippon, I. and Wooding, S. (2005), Tracking knowledge diffusion through citations. Research Evaluation, 14 (1), 5-14.Full Text: 2005\Res Eva14, 5.pdfAbstract: Citations in the serial literature provide a method of investigating how published biomedical research influences work in other countries, in other subject areas and at different research levels (from clinical to basic). This paper examines four successive generations of papers citing to a set of UK arthritis papers to evaluate its ‘downstream’ influence. The citing papers are progressively more international, less within the arthritis sub-field and on average more basic (not more clinical) in character. Most of these findings can be plausibly attributed to differences in the referencing behaviour of biomedical researchers working at different research levels and in different countries.Keywords: Author Self-Citations, Biomedical Research, Citations, Diffusion, Literature, Research, Researchers, Sciences? Bornmann, L. and Daniel, H.D. (2005), Committee peer review at an international research foundation: predictive validity and fairness of selection decisions on post-graduate fellowship applications. Research Evaluation, 14 (1), 15-20.Full Text: 2005\Res Eva14, 15.pdfAbstract: We investigated committee peer review for awarding long-term fellowships to post-graduate researchers as practised by the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (BIF) - a foundation for the promotion of basic research in biomedicine. The most important aspect of our study was to investigate the predictive validity of the procedure, i.e. whether the foundation achieves its aim to select as fellowship recipients the best junior scientists. Our bibliometric analysis shows that this is indeed the case and that the selection procedure is thus highly valid. With regard to fairness of the procedure, we analysed the extent to which the foundation’s Board of Trustees’ practice of reviewing the applications in alphabetic order when making final selection decisions has an influence on the decisions that they make. A statistically significant influence of the postulated bias variable could be observed, but the effect size was small.Keywords: Bias, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Promotion, Quality, Reliability, Research, Science? Costas, R. and Bordons, M. (2005), Bibliometric indicators at the micro-level: Some results in the area of natural resources at the Spanish CSIC. Research Evaluation, 14 (2), 110-120.Full Text: 2005\Res Eva14, 110.pdfAbstract: This analysis is based on the international database Science Citation Index and the Spanish database ICYT combined. A total of 3,302 SCI and 1,183 ICYT publications were identified during 1994-2001 for the 333 permanent scientists analysed. The scientific performance of scientists was studied through different indicators related to: activity (SCI and ICYT productivity), expected impact (average impact of publications, percentage of documents in top journals), observed impact (number of citations per document, number of highly cited papers) and publication habits. Only 3% of the scientists did not show any publication in the period. An increase in international productivity is observed while national productivity tends to decrease over time. Research professors (the highest professional category at CSIC) show higher productivity and observed impact than the remaining categories. However, a collective of scientists from different professional categories with a selective publication strategy towards high-quality journals and rewarded with a high number of citations is identified. Main advantages and limitations in obtaining indicators at the micro-level are outlined.Keywords: Candidates, Determinants, Impact, Level, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Performance, Strategies, University? Esterle, L. (2005), Comparing and evaluating public research organisations: A unique, participatory mechanism in place in France. Research Evaluation, 14 (2), 129-135.Full Text: 2005\Res Eva14, 129.pdfAbstract: A cooperative mechanism, comprising a representative steering committee, an independent operator and working groups from thematic areas, has constructed indicators suited to the French situation. Demographic analyses, bibliometric indicators of scientific output, measurement of copublications and generation of patents and licenses were used.Keywords: Bibliometric, Patents, Research? Gomez, I., Bordons, M., Morillo, F. and Fernandez, M.T. (2005), Regionalisation of science and technology data in Spain. Research Evaluation, 14 (2), 137-148.Full Text: 2005\Res Eva14, 137.pdfAbstract: The scientific and technological performance of the 17 Spanish regions is studied through bibliometric and socio-economic indicators, to identify scientifically or technologically oriented regions, their specialities and characteristics. A descriptive typology of the Spanish regions based on R&D input and output indicators, as well as on social and economic indicators, is presented. The influence of regional policies in research and technological activities is discussed.Keywords: Bibliometric, EU, Europe, Regions, Research, Spain, Spanish Regions? Grohmann, G. and Stegmann, J. (2005), German medical faculties in the 1990s: On-line bibliometric analysis. Research Evaluation, 14 (2), 157-164.Full Text: 2005\Res Eva14, 157.pdfAbstract: Data of publication output from 1993 to 2001 and of observed citation impact relating to citing years 1995 to 1999 were retrieved on-line from the German host DIMDI. Expected citation data (for 1995 to 2002) were calculated using the journal impact factors supplied by ISI’s Journal Citation Reports (JCR). For journals not included in the JCR, impact factors were constructed according to the number of citations received from journals indexed in ISI databases. During the investigated timespan a considerable increase in absolute counts of published papers and observed and expected citations and in relative citation rates can be seen. Observed and expected citation rates are highly correlated. Analysis of subfield-normalised citation rates reveals that with time (i) an increasing number of faculties perform above world citation average in an increasing number of subfields, (II) each faculty moves to a higher level of performance relative to the world standard, and (iii) the differences in citation performance between the faculties become considerably smaller.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Faculty, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factor, Publication? Laudel, G. and Origgi, G. (2006), Introduction to a special issue on the assessment of interdisciplinary research. Research Evaluation, 15 (1), 2-4.Full Text: 2006\Res Eva15, 2.pdfKeywords: Assessment, Bibliometric Methods, Interdisciplinary, Research? Ingwersen, P. and Larsen, B. (2007), Evaluation of strategic research programs: The case of Danish environmental research 1993-2002. Research Evaluation, 16 (1), 47-57.Full Text: 2007\Res Eva16, 47.pdfAbstract: The article reports on the mid-term and final scientometric evaluations of the Danish Strategic Environmental Research Program (SMP), which consisted of 13 virtual research centers from 1993 to 1997, nine of which are studied bibliometrically here. Citations are measured from 1993 to 2002. Central indicators are: center impact factor (CIF), the number of citations received by each center’s Science Citation Index (SCI) articles; and center journal impact factor (JIF), which is a diachronous IF per journal volume publishing a center article. Citation and publication data are obtained from the Thomson-Dialog online version of SCI. Other indicators applied include the weighted Danish and world domain impact from the national science indicators in subject areas selected by the centers. Top-ranked journal volumes used in SNIP in terms of JIF scores were correlated with the corresponding articles’ citation values and vice versa. At the mid-term assessment the Pearson coefficient showed a strong correlation, which weakened at the final evaluation, except for a few high-impact centers.Keywords: Assessment, Citation, Citations, Correlation, Environmental, Environmental Research, Evaluation, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, Journal, Journals, Publication, Publishing, Research, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Vice? van Leeuwen, T.N., van der Wurff, L.J. and de Craen, A.J.M. (2007), Classification of ‘research letters’ in general medical journals and its consequences in bibliometric research evaluation processes. Research Evaluation, 16 (1), 59-63.Full Text: 2007\Res Eva16, 59.pdfAbstract: This paper describes the results of classifying document types in various electronic representations of the same scientific literature. Research evaluation assessment procedures at the Leiden University Medical Centre have shown that the classifications of research letters in the highly prolific general medicine journals occurs in various ways, resulting in discrepancies in representation of these documents. these discrepancies create problems, if ‘research letters’ are classified sometimes as articles, or sometimes as letters. and although the representations of these documents in the citation indexes do vary with the original journal, the classification of research letters in the citation indexes follows certain specific guidelines that do right by the specific characteristics of these publications.Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Research, Characteristics, Citation, Citation Indexes, Classification, Consequences, Evaluation, General, Guidelines, Journal, Journals, Medical, Medical Journals, Medicine, Paper, Publications, Representation, Research, Research Evaluation? Van Leeuwen, T.N. (2007), Modelling of bibliometric approaches and importance of output verification in research performance assessment. Research Evaluation, 16 (2), 93-105.Full Text: 2007\Res Eva16, 93.pdfAbstract: This paper presents a model describing the various possibilities in the application of bibliometric techniques in evaluation processes. The model distinguishes between the goals and functions of a bibliometric analysis, and clearly indicates the limits of the various bibliometric approaches. In the so-called top-down or bottom-up approaches, the importance of verification of publication material is indicated. Another important feature of the paper is the description of the problem of the interpretation of the relationship between on the one hand organizational structures, and on the other hand fields of science, in the light of the two main approaches in bibliometric studies. Finally the paper contains a number of case-study examples of the model described.Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Studies, Bibliometric Techniques, Evaluation, Publication, Research, Research Performance, Science? Rodriguez, V., Janssens, F., Debackere, K. and De Moor, B. (2007), Material transfer agreements and collaborative publication activity: The case of a biotechnology network. Research Evaluation, 16 (2), 123-136.Full Text: 2007\Res Eva16, 123.pdfAbstract: Although material transfer agreements may be useful to exchange research materials between laboratories, academics and policymakers have suggested that the trend towards their standardisation might impede the progress of science by constraining one type of research collaboration: the co-publication activity of organisations. For that reason, we examine whether involvement in those agreements affects the pattern of co-publication activity. The construct co-publication activity is thereby operationalised on the basis of a bibliometric approach. The organisations and their collaboration are described with the help of graph theory. According to our interpretation of findings, material transfer agreements might not have interfered in such a way to limit co-publication activity of research organisations in the network.Keywords: Approach, Bibliometric, Biotechnology, Collaboration, Graph Theory, Network, Pattern, Publication, Publication Activity, Research, Research Collaboration, Science, Theory, Trend? Reale, E., Barbara, A. and Costantini, A. (2007), Peer review for the evaluation of academic research: Lessons from the Italian experience. Research Evaluation, 16 (3), 216-228.Full Text: 2007\Res Eva16, 216.pdfAbstract: The aim of the paper is to control the reliability of peer review when evaluating academic research in the Three-Year Research Assessment Exercise developed in Italy. Our analysis covers four disciplinary sectors: chemistry, biology, humanities and economics. The results provide evidence that highlights strengths and weaknesses of peer review for judging the quality of the academic research in different fields of science, vis-a-vis bibliometric indicators. Moreover, some basic features of the evaluation process are discussed, to understand their usefulness for reinforcing the effectiveness of the peers’ final outcome.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Biology, Chemistry, Economics, Evaluation, Humanities, Impact, Indicators, Italy, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Physics, Quality, Reliability, Research, Research Assessment Exercise, Science, Usefulness? Czarnitzki, D., Glanzel, W. and Hussinger, K. (2007), Patent and publication activities of German professors: An empirical assessment of their co-activity. Research Evaluation, 16 (4), 311-319.Full Text: 2007\Res Eva16, 311.pdfAbstract: The growing importance of technology-relevant non-publication output of university research has come into the focus of policy-makers’ interest. A fierce debate arose on possible negative consequences of the increasing commercialization of science, as it may come with a reduction in research performance. This paper investigates the relationship between publishing as a measure of scientific output and patenting for German professors active in a range of science fields. We combine bibliometric/technometric indicators and econometric techniques to show that patenting positively correlates with the publication output and quality of patenting researchers.Keywords: Assessment, Indicators, Innovation, Publication, Publishing, Quality, Research, Research Performance, Science, Scientific Literature, Scientific Output, Technology? Calero-Medina, C., Lopez-Illescas, C., Visser, M.S. and Moed, H.F. (2008), Important factors when interpreting bibliometric rankings of world universities: An example from oncology. Research Evaluation, 17 (1), 71-81.Full Text: 2008\Res Eva17, 71.pdfAbstract: This paper presents bibliometric characteristics of the 386 most frequently publishing world universities and of a (partly overlapping) set of 529 European universities. Rather than presenting a ranking itself, it presents a statistical analysis of ranking data, focusing on more general patterns. It compares US universities with European institutions; countries with a strong concentration of academic research activities among universities with nations showing a more even distribution; a ranking of universities based on indicators calculated for all research fields combined with one compiled for a single field (oncology); general with specialised universities; and rankings based on a single indicator with maps combining social network analysis and a series of indicators. It highlights important factors that should be taken into account in the interpretation of rankings of research universities based on bibliometric indicators. Moreover, it illustrates policy-relevant research questions that may be addressed in secondary analyses of ranking data. In this way, this paper aims at contributing to a public information system on research universities.Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Characteristics, Citation, Concentration, Data, Distribution, Field, General, Indicator, Indicators, Information, Institutions, MAR, Nations, Network, Network Analysis, Oncology, Public, Publishing, Ranking, Rankings, Research, Single Indicator, Social, Social Network Analysis, Statistical Analysis, Universities, US, WorldAbramo, G., D’Angelo, C.A. and Di Costa, F. (2008), Assessment of sectoral aggregation distortion in research productivity measurements. Research Evaluation, 17 (2), 111-121.Full Text: 2008\Res Eva17, 111.pdfAbstract: The reliability and correctness of the results of the assessment of research productivity in universities by means of bibliometric techniques depend on the level of data aggregation used for the analysis by disciplinary area. The variability among the university research fields, the varying prolificacy of the scientific disciplines and the different levels of representativeness by discipline of the journals covered in source databases are the main causes leading to distortions. Such effects can be reduced considerably by using a level of data aggregation by discipline which is as homogeneous and uniform as possible. This study compares the research productivity data of Italian universities at two different levels of aggregation of output and input data, thus showing and assessing the scale of the. distortions that may result.Keywords: Aggregation, Analysis, Assessing, Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Techniques, Data, Databases, Economics Departments, Impact-Factors, Institutions, Journals, Productivity, Publications, Ranking, Reliability, Research, Research Productivity, Scale, Source, Techniques, Universities, University, US, Variability? Bornmann, L., Wallon, G. and Ledin, A. (2008), Is the h index related to (standard) bibliometric measures and to the assessments by peers? An investigation of the h index by using molecular life sciences data. Research Evaluation, 17 (2), 149-156.Full Text: 2008\Res Eva17, 149.pdfAbstract: Jorge Hirsch has proposed the h index as a single-number criterion to evaluate the scientific output of a researcher. Using comprehensive data sets of applicants to the long-term fellowship and young investigator programmes of the European Molecular Biology Organization, we determined the relationship between the h index and three (standard) bibliometric indicators (number of publications, total citation counts, and average journal impact factor) as well as peer assessments to test the convergent validity of the h index. The findings indicate that the h index is a valid indicator for research performance at micro and meso levels. Our results suggest that the It index is a promising rough measurement of the quality of a young scientist’s work as it is judged by internationally renowned scientists.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citation Counts, Convergent Validity, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicator, Indicators, Investigation, Journal, Journal Impact, Journals, Life, Life Sciences, Long Term, Long-Term, Measurement, Publications, Quality, Quality of, Ranking, Research, Research Performance, Sciences, Scientific Output, Scientists, Standard, Tests, Validity, Work? van Leeuwen, T. (2008), Testing the validity of the Hirsch-index for research assessment purposes. Research Evaluation, 17 (2), 157-160.Full Text: 2008\Res Eva17, 157.pdfAbstract: This paper describes the results of a recent bibliometric study conducted in the Netherlands focusing on the level of the individual researcher, in relation to an academic reward system. In this study, the Hirsch-Index is compared with various bibliometric indicators and other characteristics of researchers, and its usefulness in particularly research assessment procedures is tested. We find a strong bias towards the research field(s) in which a researcher is active, thereby limiting the validity of this indicator for the specific interest of evaluation practices. Further analyses on a sample of scientists of various ages should test the sensitivity of the indicator towards age or length of career.Keywords: Age, Assessment, Bias, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Study, Characteristics, Evaluation, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Indicator, Indicators, Length, Procedures, Ranking, Research, Research Assessment, Scientists, Sensitivity, The Netherlands, Validity? Mauleon, E., Bordons, M. and Oppenheim, C. (2008), The effect of gender on research staff success in life sciences in the Spanish National Research Council. Research Evaluation, 17 (3), 213-225.Full Text: 2008\Res Eva17, 213.pdfAbstract: Inter-gender differences in research performance of Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) scientists in the area of biology and biomedicine are analysed by means of bibliometric indicators (SCI, 1996-2000). Productivity, of both men and women increases with scientific category, and inter-gender differences are not found within each category. Women with intermediate levels of seniority (11-20 and 21-30 years of working life) show lower productivity than their male counterparts, a factor which might contribute to explaining the slower promotion observed for female scientists. However, women who entered CSIC in the last 10 years overtake men in productivity, so a more balanced distribution of women by scientific ranks would be expected in the future. The need to improve the nonrmalisation of author names in publications and bibliographic databases and even to develop a ‘digital author identifier’ to make these studies easier is pointed out.Keywords: Algorithms, Bibliographic Databases, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Biology, Citation Counts, Databases, Future, Gender, Indicators, Productivity, Publications, Research, Research Performance, SCI, Sciences, Scientific Productivity, Sex-Differences, Women? de Granda-Orive, J.I., Villanueva-Serrano, S., Aleixandre-Benavent, R., Valderrama-Zurian, J.C., Alonso-Arroyo, A., Rio, F.G., Ruiz, C.A.J., Reina, S.S. and Albiach, J.M.M. (2009), World-wide collaboration among medical specialties in smoking research: Production, collaboration, visibility and influence. Research Evaluation, 18 (1), 3-12.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 3.pdfAbstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the network of scientific collaboration generated by the co-authorship of articles on smoking among different specialties on a world-wide level through the Science Citation Index (SCI) in the period 1999-2003. Material and methods: We selected collaboration articles on smoking research among different specialties listed in the SCI (1999-2003). The underlying network of collaboration among specialties was analysed, comparing production, visibility and centrality. Results: Forty-nine different specialties were identified, of which 47 (96%) had produced articles in collaboration (461 articles). The most productive specialty was Psychiatry-Psychology. The specialties that produced more studies in collaboration with others were Respiratory Medicine and Internal Medicine. Respiratory Medicine, however, was the specialty that received the greatest number of citations. Conclusions: Psychiatry-Psychology was the most productive specialty, while Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine produced more articles in collaboration. Respiratory Medicine was the specialty that received the greatest number of citations.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Citations, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Coauthorship Networks, Collaboration, Cooperation, Influence, Listed, Mar, Medical, Methods, Network, Production, Publications, Research, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Collaboration, Smoking, Specialty, Visibility? Lewison, G. (2009), The percentage of reviews in research output: A simple measure of research esteem. Research Evaluation, 18 (1), 25-37.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 25.pdfAbstract: This paper introduces a new and easy-to-determine indicator for research evaluation, namely the percentage of reviews (PR) within a group of papers (articles, notes and reviews). Because reviews are commissioned from, or submitted by, relatively senior researchers, their frequency plausibly provides a measure of the esteem in which a country’s (or institution’s) top researchers are held. We show that, just as with citation indicators, PR has increased with time, and that it varies substantially with major scientific field and by country, but rather less with sub-field and research level within medical research. It correlates quite well with national citation measures although manifesting an Anglophone bias, and also with the propensity of smaller European countries to co-author papers with US researchers. Two worked examples are given to show potential applications of the new indicator.Keywords: Basic Research, Bias, Bibliometric Techniques, Biomedical-Research, Cancer-Research, Citation, Citation-Index Database, Clinical Guidelines, Co-Author, Correlates, Country, Evaluation, Field, Group, Health Research, Impact, Indicator, Indicators, Journals, Mar, Measure, Medical, Medical Research, National, Papers, Potential, Research, Research Evaluation, Reviews, Science, Sub-Field, Time, US? Dutt, B., Kumar, S. and Garg, K.C. (2009), Mapping of plant-based medicine research in China and India. Research Evaluation, 18 (1), 51-59.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 51.pdfAbstract: An analysis of 2,183 papers published by Chinese researchers and 1,034 papers published by Indian researchers in the field of plant-based medicine during 1990-2004 and indexed by Pub Med indicates that China’s output is more than twice to India’s output. Medical universities and colleges mainly contribute to China’s output, while academic institutions mainly contribute to the Indian Output. The major focus of Chinese researchers was on chemical analysis including chromatographic and spectrometric investigations, followed by oncology/radiation protection. Indian researchers emphasized gastroenteritis/liver diseases and oncology/radiation protection. The investigations were mainly focused on native plants of respective countries. Chinese researchers preferred to publish their work in domestic journals: Indian researchers in journals published from the Western countries. The share of papers in journals covered by SCI for India was higher than that from China. However, the proportion of papers in high impact factor journals for China is higher than for India. Average rate of citation for Chinese and Indian papers was almost the same.Keywords: Academic, Analysis, Chemical, Chemical Analysis, China, Chinese, Citation, Complementary, Diseases, Field, Impact, Impact Factor, India, Indian, Institutions, Investigations, Journal Impact Measures, Journals, Mar, Medicine, Papers, Physics, Plants, Protection, Pub Med, Research, SCI, Science Research, Scientometrics, Universities, Work? Abramo, G. and D’Angelo, C.A. (2009), Assessing technical and cost efficiency of research activities: A case study of the Italian university system. Research Evaluation, 18 (1), 61-70.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 61.pdfAbstract: This paper employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess both technical and cost efficiency of research activities of the Italian university system. Differently from both peer review and the top-down discipline-invariant bibliographic approaches used elsewhere, a bottom-up bibliometric methodology is applied. Publications are assigned first to authors and then to one of nine scientific and technical university disciplinary areas. Inputs are specified in terms of the numbers of full, associate and assistant professors and outputs as the number of publications, contributions to publications and their scientific impact as variously measured across the disciplines included. DEA is undertaken cross-sectionally using the averages of these inputs and outputs over the period 2001-2003. The results typically shove much variation in the rankings of the disciplinary areas within and across universities, depending on the efficiency indicator employed.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Case Study, Cost, Cost Efficiency, Cost-Efficiency, Data, Data Envelopment, Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA, Disciplines, Efficiency, First, Impact, Impact-Factors, Indicator, Mar, Methodology, Number of Publications, Peer, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Publications, Rankings, Research, Review, Universities, University? van Leeuwen, T., Hoorens, S. and Grant, J. (2009), Using bibliometrics to support the procurement of NIHR biomedical research centres in England. Research Evaluation, 18 (1), 71-82.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 71.pdfAbstract: In 2006 the English Department of Health launched a programme with (sic)450m for the funding of around 10 biomedical research centres over a five-year period, to be within leading clinical and university partnerships, able to demonstrate international excellence and reflect a range of clinical areas. The bespoke process to procure the biomedical research centres resulted in relatively low transaction costs, compared to more traditional routes into funding research centres, and is an example of the use of metrics that could inform the on-going debate in the UK regarding future research assessment exercises.Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometrics, Biomedical, Biomedical Research, Clinical, Costs, England, Excellence, Exercises, Funding, International, Mar, Metrics, National Research Performance, Partnerships, Process, Research, Research Assessment, Research Centres, Support, Tools, Transaction, Transaction Costs, UK, University? D’Onofrio, M.G. (2009), The public CV database of Argentine researchers and the ‘CV-minimum’ Latin-American model of standardization of CV information for R&D evaluation and policy-making. Research Evaluation, 18 (2), 95-103.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 95.pdfAbstract: This paper discusses the conceptual and methodological design and objectives of the Standardized and Unified CV Database of the Argentine Scientific and Technological Human Resources (the CVar database) project. This is a public electronic database of researchers’ CVs developed by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation in Argentina. The paper also addresses the main potential uses of this source of information (complementary to more traditional Sources of data such as bibliometrics or patent analysis) for research evaluation, understanding the dynamics of career trajectories, policy-making and network studies. The Argentine case has some defining characteristics which make it different from other Latin-American experiences: the political perspective of the national government oil the project, the inclusion of the main S&T institutions Of the Country in its design as a strategy to encourage its further adoption for the academic and scientific community, and the implementation of a specific database design strictly directed to the exploitation of the information and the creation of new indicators (database design used as the ‘basic core’ of a standardized template of a Latin-American CV, from which it will be possible to integrate information coming from different electronic CV databases in the region).Keywords: Academic, Bibliometrics, Collaboration, Databases, Evaluation, Indicators, Industry, Productivity, R&D, Research, Research Evaluation, Science, Technology? Lepori, B. and Probst, C. (2009), Using curricula vitae for mapping scientific fields: A small-scale experience for Swiss communication sciences. Research Evaluation, 18 (2), 125-134.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 125.pdfAbstract: This paper presents an approach to mapping a scientific field characterised by conceptual, theoretical and methodological pluralism - communication - in a country characterised by diversity at the socio-political and Cultural level: Switzerland. Given the limitations of standard bibliometric analyses in this field, we propose an approach based on a combination of different data sources, including the CVs and publication lists of researchers. Our results show a complex map of the field’s institutional, cognitive and social structures. Our pragmatic approach is based on readily available data from different sources. Selective analysis of CVs based on precise research questions appears to be a strong tool that gives insights into the structures of a field in an efficient way. It seems that this kind of approach is best suited for analysing rather small communities, either geographically or subject-wise, where the elaboration of detailed information is possible.Keywords: Journals, Positioning Indicators, Research? Sandstrom, U. (2009), Combining curriculum vitae and bibliometric analysis: mobility, gender and research performance. Research Evaluation, 18 (2), 135-142.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 135.pdfAbstract: This paper demonstrates the benefits of combining curriculum vitae studies with advanced bibliometrics. Based on data from 326 CVs within one broad medical subject area we perform a Cluster analysis of CV data. Data reduction produces four different groups of scientists: 1) mobile, 2) immobile, 3) excellent and 4) entrepreneurial. While it is clear that the most mobile and the least mobile researchers represent opposites also in citation performance we should acknowledge that for the large majority, with a low and medium mobility, there is no linear pattern of performance. The paper points at a double process where there are on the one hand selection processes at universities picking out ‘the winners’ and on the other hand self selection processes where researchers enhance their own performance by being mobile.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Careers, Citation, Impact, Indicators, Research, Science, Scientific Productivity, Sex-Differences? Gorraiz, J., Moed, H. and Schiebel, E. (2009), Introduction to a special issue on performance evaluation. Research Evaluation, 18 (3), 175-176.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 175.pdfAbstract: This special issue contains edited and revised papers from the 10th International conference on Science and Technology indicators. held in Vienna in September 2008. Three papers focus on the introduction of new indicators. the impact vitality, the field factor and different types of the 1 index, for different evaluative purposes. Two papers deal with the application of bibliometric methods in the social sciences and humanities (monographs, and a detailed comparison of the publication output an research impact of three European universities) Other topics are studies of the interaction between mobility and scientific performance, the development of research academic careers. and the Influence of different Counting methods of multi-authored publications in the distribution of financing Cow in possible future world licenses. The last paper is a very complete study of some Israeli research institutes from a dynamic perspective.Keywords: International? Bornmann, L., Mutz, R., Daniel, H.D., Wallon, G. and Ledin, A. (2009), Are there really two types of h index variants? A validation study by using molecular life sciences data. Research Evaluation, 18 (3), 185-190.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 185.pdfAbstract: Due to the disadvantages of the h index that have been named since Hirsch’s First publication of the index in 2005 (Hirsch, 2005), a number of variants that are intended to compensate for the weaknesses have been proposed Bornmann et al (2008a, 2009b) tested (1) whether the variants developed are associated with all incremental contribution for evaluation purposes against the h index, (2) whether there is any need at all for the h index and its variants besides standard bibliometric measures and (3) which of the h index and its variants predict peer assessments of scientific performance at best As all results of Bornmann et al (2008a, 2009b) arc based on bibliometric data oil post-doctoral research fellowship recipients of the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds, it will be Important to test whether the results can be validated using other data sets Therefore, we examined in this study 693 applicants to the Long-Term Fellowship programme of the European Molecular Biology Organization whether the results found by Bornmann et al (2008a, 2009b) can be validated using another data set and further h index variants All in all, with the findings in this study all results to the h index and its variants could be validated that are reported in Bornmann et al (2008a, 2009b).Keywords: Impact, Power, Standard Bibliometric Measures? Gorraiz, J., Greil, M., Mayer, W., Reimann, R. and Schiebel, E. (2009), International publication output and research impact in social sciences: Comparison of the Universities of Vienna, Zurich and Oslo. Research Evaluation, 18 (3), 221-232.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 221.pdfAbstract: In this study we carried out a bibliometric analysis of the social sciences at three European Universities (Vienna, Zurich, Oslo). The data source for this investigation was the Web of Science SSCI and publications between 2000 and 2006 were included for retrieval. Apart from the analysis of the publication Output, activity and impact, networks of co-authorships, disciplines and references were explored In general the results reveal that overall Oslo outperformed the other two universities which show similar publication activities and outputs Using the University of Oslo as a benchmark should help to outline different strategies (research, publication and cooperation) to enhance the international visibility of the output of the University of Vienna in different fields of the social sciences.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Collaboration, Humanities, International? Rons, N. and Amez, L. (2009), Impact vitality: An indicator based on citing publications in search of excellent scientists. Research Evaluation, 18 (3), 233-241.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 233.pdfAbstract: This paper contributes to the quest for an operational definition of ‘research excellence’ and proposes a translation of the excellence concept into a bibliometric indicator Starting from a textual analysis of funding program calls aimed at individual researchers and from the challenges for an indicator a. this level in particular, a new type of indicator is proposed. The impact vitality indicator (Rons and Amez, 2008) reflects the vitality of the impact of a researcher’s publication Output, based on the change in volume over time of the citing publications. The introduced metric is shown to possess attractive operational characteristics and meets a number of criteria which are desirable where comparing individual researchers. The validity of one of the possible indicator variants is tested using a small dataset of applicants For a senior full-time research fellowship Options for further research involve testing various indicator variants on larger samples linked to different kinds of evaluations.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Chance, Citation, Decision-Making, h-Index, Science? Sandstrom, U. and Sandstrom, E. (2009), The field factor: Towards a metric for academic institutions. Research Evaluation, 18 (3), 243-250.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 243.pdfAbstract: We present a new model for performance-related funding of universities in Sweden. The model is based oil number of papers in international scientific journals, but relies oil an estimation of field-adjusted production per scientific, technological area Author counts are based oil potential authors using the Waring distribution for 34 areas of science (Schubert and Braun, 1992) We apply this model to the Swedish university system and illustrate with the reallocations that Would follow from a complete implementation. Next, we test the accuracy of the method using publication data from six Swedish universities and four Norwegian universities. In conclusion we discuss advantages and drawbacks with the method.Keywords: Distributions, Productivity, Science, Scientometric Indicators? Thijs, B., Zimmerman, E., Bar-Ilan, J. and Glanzel, W. (2009), Israeli research institutes: A dynamic and evaluative perspective. Research Evaluation, 18 (3), 251-260.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 251.pdfAbstract: This paper introduces I dynamic perspective oil institutional research performance that call be used for evaluative purposes It combines four principles Importance of national Situation, evolution data; multiple indicators and similar institutes. The perspective is applied to five Israeli research institutes and as such it also follows up earlier Studies of Israel’s changing research landscape First several bibliometric indicators for Israel are presented. Then these institutes were classified according to their research profile and their scores over a publication period of 17 years; are calculated Their quintile rank position compared to European research institutes is presented. We conclude that the Israeli institutes publish papers that attract more citations than the Field average They also tend to publish ill journals with a higher citation Impact than the field But because of their choice of journals it often difficult to reach the citation average set by this journal.Keywords: Classification, Indicators, Profiles, Science? Haslam, N. and Laham, S. (2009), Early-career scientific achievement and patterns of authorship: the mixed blessings of publication leadership and collaboration. Research Evaluation, 18 (5), 405-410.Full Text: 2009\Res Eva18, 405.pdfAbstract: Bibliometric indices of scientific achievement for a cohort of 85 social psychologists at 10 years post-PhD were correlated with their patterns of authorship (i.e. their typical number of co-authors and position in the authorship order). Career publication quantity, average journal impact factor, and impact (total citations, h-index and most-cited article) were associated with having higher proportions of publications with multiple co-authors and lower proportions of solo- and first-authored publications. Curvilinear associations were found, with publication quantity and impact maximized at intermediate levels of first-authorship and multiple-authorship. Within scientific careers there may be an optimal distribution of publication leadership and scientific collaboration.Keywords: Authorship, Bibliometric, Citations, Cohort, Collaboration, First-Authorship, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Index, Journal, Journal Impact Factor, Leadership, Manuscripts, Multiple Authorship, Order, Publication, Publications? Buter, R.K., Noyons, E.C.M. and van Raan, A.F.J. (2010), Identification of converging research areas using publication and citation data. Research Evaluation, 19 (1), 19-27.Full Text: 2010\Res Eva19, 19.pdfAbstract: Converging research is the emergence of new interdisciplinary research from fields which showed limited mutual interdisciplinary connections before. We describe three search strategies to identify converging research using data extracted from the WoS, including the social sciences and humanities. The field-to-field references (FFR) strategy uses citations from one journal subject category (JSC), to another; the keyword sets (KWS) strategy tracks the co-occurrence of keywords from different JSCs; and the affiliation patterns (AFP) strategy traces the co-occurrence of fields of research in author affiliations of papers. Resulting publication sets were assessed using data such as journal names, titles of publications, and titles of cited publications. Experts validated nine converging research areas that were detected using the KWS and FFR strategies; none were found with AFT strategy.Keywords: Author, Citation, Citations, Dynamics, Field, Growth, Interdisciplinarity, Journal, Maps, Nanotechnology, Organs, Papers, Publication, Publications, Research, Science, Social Sciences, Strategy, Subject Category? Lewison, G. and Markusova, V. (2010), The evaluation of Russian cancer research. Research Evaluation, 19 (2), 129-144.Full Text: 2010\Res Eva19, 129.pdfAbstract: This article asks two questions first, is there enough cancer research in Russia and does it reflect the health needs of the country? and second, how does its quality or impact compare with world standards’? Cancer is a serious and growing problem in Russia, but the amount of cancer research, based on papers in Journals covered by the Web of Science from 1997 to the present, appears to be inadequate, nor is it well distributed by disease site However it is quite clinical in character and appears to be well regarded on a number of indicators, although insufficiently publicised. A study of the funding acknowledgements on 2009 papers revealed that cancer research in Russia is almost totally dependent on the state, although there is now foreign support through international co-authorship, including some from private-non-profit and commercial sources.Keywords: Cancer, Cancer Research, Citation, Clinical Guidelines, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Disease, Evaluation, Funding, Impact, International Co-Authorship, Journal Impact Factors, Latin-American, Medical Journals, Papers, Publications, Research, Science, Scientific Output, Standards, Systematic Reviews, Web of Science? Nederhof, A.J., Tijssen, R.J.W. and Moed, H.F. (2010), Anthony van Raan and bibliometrics. Research Evaluation, 19 (3), 158-160.Full Text: 2010\Res Eva19, 158.pdfAbstract: This issue, inspired by the extensive scientific oeuvre of Anthony van Raan, provides a concise tour de horizon of current research evaluation topics and quantitative studies of science. A historiograph analysis positions key documents, written by Van Raan and other authors, that helped define the present-day field of bibliometrics. A life-cycle output analysis traces phases in the development of CWTS, Anthony’s institute at Leiden University. Other contributions in this issue focus on the long-term importance of a paper’s references as exemplified by landmark scholarly texts and the phenomenon of ‘Sleeping Beauties’. Several papers focus on how the autonomy of institutes and researchers is related to bibliometric research evaluation. High-quality S&T indicators can act as structuring devises in policy debate and collective learning processes. We also learn about the need for statistical tests to distinguish among researchers with a similar h-index.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, h Index, h-Index, Research, Researchers, Science? Garfield, E., Pudovkin, A.I. and Paris, S.W. (2010), A bibliometric and historiographic analysis of the work of Tony van Raan: A tribute to a scientometrics pioneer and gatekeeper. Research Evaluation, 19 (3), 161-172.Full Text: 2010\Res Eva19, 161.pdfAbstract: Using the HistCite (TM) software and downloading searches of the Web of Science database we have created a master collection of 1,518 papers that have cited his work and several subset collections showing his impact in the field of scientometrics and research evaluation. Using the percentile rank indexes of his publications we have demonstrated his high impact in that area and have included a table of 14 of his papers in the 95th percentile of papers published in those respective journals. Using Hist Cite we also created several additional historiographs of his work, which clearly shows the main papers and books which have influenced his work involving bibliometrics and fractal analysis.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Journals, Publications, Research, Scientometrics? Braam, R. and van den Besselaar, P. (2010), Life cycles of research groups: The case of CWTS. Research Evaluation, 19 (3), 173-184.Full Text: 2010\Res Eva19, 173.pdfAbstract: By combining concepts from scientometrics and organisation studies, we hypothesise a basic ‘life cycle’ of organisational research units (institutes, laboratories or groups), if internal and external conditions are stable. Three output indicators enable a comparison of historical patterns with the life-cycle pattern, to reveal basic dynamics and changing conditions. We tested the model for a specific case: the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) at Leiden University. The ‘standard’ life cycle was found from the start of CWTS in the early 1980s until the beginning of this century. Then, a boost of activities indicates the start of a second life cycle, explained by increased demand for performance studies and increased ability of CWTS to deliver standardised products. Recent changes in funding and key membership are expected to start a third cycle with reorientation of CWTS’s activity profile.Keywords: Research, Scientometrics? Schmoch, U. and Schubert, T. (2010), Strategic steering of research by new public management in German universities: A looming state-science conflict? Research Evaluation, 19 (3), 209-216.Full Text: 2010\Res Eva19, 209.pdfAbstract: This article investigates whether the recently established new public management reforms in Germany are coherent, that is, do they confront the individual researchers with unambiguously expressed expectations about their task profile? Using a large micro-dataset from four different disciplines, we show that an institutionalised state science conflict may exist, where the state authorities use their powers to push the researchers in a transfer-oriented direction, while the science managers (e.g. deans) urge them instead to cut down transfer and increase publication activities, measured by bibliometric data.Keywords: Bibliometric, Indicators, Paradox, Performance, Publication, Quality, Research, Researchers, Science? Pontille, D. and Torny, D. (2010), The controversial policies of journal ratings: Evaluating social sciences and humanities. Research Evaluation, 19 (5), 347-360.Full Text: 2010\Res Eva19, 347.pdfAbstract: In a growing number of countries, governments and public agencies seek to systematically assess the scientific outputs of their universities and research institutions. Bibliometrics indicators and peer review are regularly used for this purpose, and their advantages and biases are discussed in a wide range of literature. This article examines how three different national organisations produce journal ratings as an alternative assessment tool, which is particularly targeted for social sciences and humanities. After setting out the organisational context in which these journal ratings emerged, the analysis highlights the main steps of their production, the criticism they received after publication, especially from journals, and the changes made during the ensuing revision process. The particular tensions of a tool designed as both a political instrument and a scientific apparatus are also discussed.Keywords: Alternative, Analysis, Assessment, Bibliometrics, Changes, Citation-Reports, Context, Economics, Humanities, Impact Factors, Indicators, Institutions, Journal, Journals, Literature, Management, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Policies, Public, Publication, Publications, Purpose, Quality, Rankings, Research, Research Performance, Review, Sciences, Social, Social Sciences, Top, Universities? Neufeld, J. and von Ins, M. (2011), Informed peer review and uninformed bibliometrics? Research Evaluation, 20 (1), 31-46.Full Text: 2011\Res Eva20, 31.pdfAbstract: Recent literature on issues relevant to bibliometric indicator relations and peer review discusses whether bibliometric indicators can predict the success of research grant applications. For example, Van den Besselaar and Leydesdorff (2009) reported a higher average number of publications/citations for the group of approved applicants than for the rejected applicants (section Social and Behavioral Sciences of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [NOW], MaGW). However, this difference disappears or even reverses when the group of 275 successful applicants was compared only to the best 275 rejected applicants. Given these findings, we have continued our analyses of publication data of applicants for the Emmy Noether-Programme (ENP) provided by the German Research Foundation. First, we compared the group of actual ENP applicants to a sample of potential applicants, which revealed a ‘lack of low performers’ among the actual ENP applicants. Furthermore, we conducted discriminant analyses to predict funding decisions on the basis of several bibliometric indicators.Keywords: Literature, Reliability, Scientific Excellence? de Jong, S.P.L., van Arensbergen, P., Daemen, F., van der Meulen, B. and van den Besselaar, P. (2011), Evaluation of research in context: An approach and two cases. Research Evaluation, 20 (1), 61-72.Full Text: 2011\Res Eva20, 61.pdfAbstract: Science is increasingly heterogeneous, posing new questions for research evaluation. How can we evaluate the between scientific and societal quality of research, taking into account differences between research fields and between research groups? In this paper we present the findings of two case studies in fields where societal and scholarly output of research are highly intertwined (architecture and law). We analyze the nature of the two fields in terms of research areas and specific aspects of knowledge dynamics. This results in an approach and indicators for contextual research evaluation.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Challenges, Economics, Management, Positioning Indicators, Quality, Science? Andras, P. (2011), Research: metrics, quality, and management implications. Research Evaluation, 20 (2), 90-106.Full Text: 2011\Res Eva20, 90.pdfAbstract: Research evaluation is increasingly important in management decisions in universities. Research metrics provide an objective way to assess the research output of individuals, groups, departments and universities. Such metrics work well as quality assessment tools in the case of normal science research in mature sciences, and also in the case of early stage sciences containing a significant amount of research that is meant to be revolutionary. Revolutionary research in mature sciences and unfashionable revolutionary research in early stage sciences remain mostly invisible to research metrics in the short term. This kind of research may become measurable in the long term if it turns out to be successful and generates a large volume of follow-on research that becomes part of normal science. Pursuing revolutionary research is risky, and this risk is modulated by the availability of an appropriate research workforce and the funding environment. Hype and spin are part of the mechanisms of scientific public opinion, and dealing with these is important in the context of management decisions based on research metrics.Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric Indicators, Early-Stage, Environment, Evaluation, Gender-Differences, Impact, Index, Metrics, Nanotechnology, Normal, Publication, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Output, Research Performance, Scholarly Communication, Science? Kenna, R. and Berche, B. (2011), Normalization of peer-evaluation measures of group research quality across academic disciplines. Research Evaluation, 20 (2), 107-116.Full Text: 2011\Res Eva20, 107.pdfAbstract: Peer-evaluation-based measures of group research quality such as the UK’s Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), which do not employ bibliometric analyses, cannot directly avail of such methods to normalize research impact across disciplines. This is seen as a conspicuous flaw of such exercises and calls have been made to find a remedy. Here a simple, systematic solution is proposed based upon a mathematical model for the relationship between research quality and group quantity. This model manifests both the Matthew effect and a phenomenon akin to the Ringelmann effect and reveals the existence of two critical masses for each academic discipline: a lower value, below which groups are vulnerable, and an upper value beyond which the dependency of quality on quantity reduces and plateaus appear when the critical masses are large. A possible normalization procedure is then to pitch these plateaus at similar levels. We examine the consequences of this procedure at RAE for a multitude of academic disciplines, corresponding to a range of critical masses.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Statistical Properties, Chemistry, Exercise, Group-Size, Impact, Indicators, Matthew Effect, Model, Normalization, Peer Evaluation, Performance, Research, Scaling Rules, Science System, Universities? Nederhof, A.J. (2011), A bibliometric study of productivity and impact of modern language and literature research. Research Evaluation, 20 (2), 117-129.Full Text: 2011\Res Eva20, 117.pdfAbstract: A bibliometric evaluation was made of research performance in modern language and linguistics research. Separate analyses were made for language and linguistics and for literature components of each language in the study. The study covered both publications directed at a national or international scholarly output and publications destined for the general public. The latter accounted. for 8-73% of the output, and were particularly important in literature output. Publication and citation behavior differed considerably between language and linguistics on the one hand and literature on the other hand, calling for a tailored design of monitoring studies in both fields. In publications directed at scholars, the national language did not dominate. In literature fields, the language of the object of study was most important, while in language and linguistics, the object language was not always more important than English. The study indicates that both journal articles and book output need to be included in bibliometric evaluation. Citation impact analysis is shown to be informative in bibliometric assessment in this field, especially when a five-year citation window is used.Keywords: Assessment, Behavioral-Sciences, Bibliometric, Citation, Citation Impact, Citations, Departments Research, Evaluation, Humanities, Impact, Indicators, Journal, Journals, Literature, Publications, Quality, Research, Research Performance, Social-Sciences? Albarran, P., Ortufno, I. and Ruiz-Castillo, J. (2011), Average-based versus high- and low-impact indicators for the evaluation of scientific distributions. Research Evaluation, 20 (4), 325-339.Full Text: 2011\Res Eva20, 325.pdfAbstract: Albarran et al (2009a) introduced a novel methodology for the evaluation of citation distributions using a pair of high- and low-impact measures defined over the set of articles with citations below or above a critical citation level. Albarran et al (2009b) presented the first empirical applications to a situation in which the world citation distribution in 22 scientific fields is partitioned into three geographical areas: the USA, the European Union, and the rest of the world. In this paper, we find that cardinal differences between the results obtained with our high-impact index and the mean citation rate are of a large order of magnitude. When, in addition, the percentage in the top 5% of most cited articles or the percentage of uncited articles are used, there are still important quantitative differences with respect to the high- and low-impact indicators advocated in our approach.Keywords: Bibliometric Tools, Citation, Citations, Differences, Evaluation, Excellence, Methodology, Quantitative, Research Performance, Scales, Scores, Search, USA? Rigby, J. (2011), Systematic grant and funding body acknowledgement data for publications: New dimensions and new controversies for research policy and evaluation. Research Evaluation, 20 (5), 365-375.Full Text: 2011\Res Eva20, 365.pdfAbstract: Bibliographic databases are now providing systematic funding acknowledgement data for their indexed publications. This paper considers how such new data might be used for policy purposes and some key issues arising. While provision of such comprehensive data is recent, there is already sufficient data in the Web of Science to examine a controversy in research policy in which funding acknowledgement data is involved, namely the relationship between the count of a paper’s funding sources and its citation impact. Analyses of publications from 2009 from journals Cell and Physical Review Letters suggests understanding of the relationship between impact of a publication and its count of funding sources is not complete and may be more complicated than previously believed. It is proposed that research findings are packaged by researchers into papers in a variety of ways and for a variety of purposes. Individual funding quanta from whatever source are not therefore inputs to papers directly; rather, such funding supports a process that has among its outcomes the production of papers.Keywords: Bibliographic, Bibliographic Databases, Citation, Citation Impact, Databases, Evaluation, Funding, Gastroenterology Research, Impact, Indicator, Journals, Outcomes, Papers, Paratext, Policy, Process, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Performance, Researchers, Resource, Review, Science, Sciences, Systematic, Web of Science, Web-of-Science? Schreiber, M., Malesios, C.C. and Psarakis, S. (2011), Categorizing h-index variants. Research Evaluation, 20 (5), 397-409.Full Text: 2011\Res Eva20, 397.pdfAbstract: Utilizing the Hirsch index h and some of its variants for an exploratory factor analysis we discuss whether one of the most important Hirsch-type indices, namely the g-index, comprises information about not only the size of the productive core but also the impact of the papers in the core. We also study the effect of logarithmic and square-root transformation of the data utilized in the factor analysis. To demonstrate our approach we use a real data example analysing the citation records of 26 physicists compiled from the Web of Science.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Factor-Analysis, g Index, g-Index, h Index, h Index Variants, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Hirsch-Index, Impact, Information, Level, Monte-Carlo, Papers, Physicists, Purposes, r-Index, Recovery, Sample-Size, Science, Web of Science, Web-of-ScienceTitle: Research in Higher EducationFull Journal Title: Research in Higher EducationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Oromaner, M. (1983), Professional standing and the reception of contributions to economics. Research in Higher Education, 19 (3), 351-362.Full Text: 1983\Res Hig Edu19, 351.pdfAbstract: This study assesses the relationship between selected professional characteristics of authors of articles published in four leading economics journals and the reception (citations) of these articles in subsequently published articles. Both early reception (citations received within 3 years) and total reception (citations received within 9 years) were examined. The three professional characteristics are professional age, rank of department of affiliation, and scientific repute. Articles written by economists with (1) the longest professional age, (2) an affiliation with one of the 19 most highly rated graduate departments, and (3) the greatest scientific repute received the most citations during both the early and total reception periods. The analysis is placed within the framework of the sociology of science.? Budd, J.M. (1988), A bibliometric analysis of higher-education literature. Research in Higher Education, 28 (2), 180-190.Full Text: 1988\Res Hig Edu25, 180.pdfAbstract: The bibliometric “laws” formulated by Bradford and Lotka have been applied to the literatures of a number of disciplines In this instance, the laws are applied to citations to journals in 569 papers on higher education Bradford’s Law focuses on scatter, that is, the distribution of use of items; Lotka’s Law concentrates on the productivity of authors The conformity of higher education literature, as represented by the database used, is not perfect with the two bibliometric laws, but the results do suggest that the underlying concepts of the laws may weil have applicability to examination of the discipline A further suggestion is that this kind of examination has implications with regard to the means by which scholarship is communicated.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis? Sweitzer, K. and Volkwein, J.F. (2009), Prestige among graduate and professional schools: Comparing the US news’ graduate school reputation ratings between disciplines. Research in Higher Education, 50 (8), 812-836.Full Text: 2009\Res Hig Edu50, 812.pdfAbstract: Using a conceptual model, this study examines the variables associated with the U.S. News and World Report peer assessment ratings of graduate and professional schools in business, education, engineering, law, and medicine. What are the correlates of prestige among the nation’s leading graduate and professional schools, and are they consistent with prior studies of prestige? Not since the studies of the 1995 National Research Council (NRC) data have scholars examined the correlates of prestige for individual graduate programs, and no study has ever extensively examined the U.S. News graduate ratings. Using available data from U.S. News, as well as institutional websites and ISI Web of Science information, this analysis finds robust relationships between the U.S. News graduate school reputation ratings and the model-relevant indicators, especially enrollment size, admissions test scores, and faculty publications per capita.Keywords: Education, Graduate Schools, Prestige, Productivity, Professional Schools, Quality, Rankings, Rankings, Ratings, Reputation, Research Universities, Resources, Science, Sociology Departments, US NewsTitle: Research and IndustryFull Journal Title: Research and IndustryISO Abbreviated Title: Res. Ind.JCR Abbreviated Title: Res IndISSN: 0034-513XIssues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Council Scientific Industrial Research, New DelhiPublisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Namasivayam, C. and Ranganathan, K. (1992), Treatment of dairy-waste water using waste red mud. Research and Industry, 37 (3), 165-167.Abstract: Red mud, a waste material obtained from aluminium factory in the processing of bauxite ore, has been used as flocculant in the treatment of dairy-waste water. Its efficiency is compared with the conventional flocculant, alum. Red mud removed 77, 71, 65, 73 and 95 per cent of turbidity, BOD, COD, oil and grease, and bacterial count respectively at a dosage of 1304 mg per litre of effluent compared to 94, 80, 86 and 93 per cent respectively for alum treatment at a dosage of 476 mg per litre of effluent.? Deo, N. and Ali, M. (1994), Removal of oxalic-acid from industrial effluents by using a low-cost material. Research and Industry, 39 (3), 179-183.Abstract: A new low cost material is used in the present investigation in removing oxalic and from its dilute aqueous solutions. The new material adsorbent used was found to be an efficient one and is capable of removing the oxalic acid from its dilute aqueous solutions to the extent of more than 50 per cent and also other toxic pollutants. The process of removal is simple adsorption by contact and is dependent on sorbate as well sorbent concentration besides also depending on the temperature of operation of the process. The new low cost material, thus, gives further scope of its utilisation as an adsorbent for removal of other toxic substances.? Kumar, R., Mishra, I.M. and Mall, I.D. (1995), Treatment of pyridine bearing waste-water using activated carbon. Research and Industry, 40 (1), 33-37.Abstract: Paper examines the adsorption of toxic and odorous pyridine from water onto activated carbon in batch and column systems. Batch studies reveal that the removal of pyridine onto activated carbon increases with the increase in initial concentration of pyridine. At an initial concentration of 200 mg/l, 96.4 per cent removal of pyridine was obtained. Equilibrium adsorption data could be represented by both the Freundlich and Langmuir model. Kinetic modelling of removal of pyridine was done using Lagergren first order rate expression. Intraparticle diffusion is found to be rate controlling. Column test data are found to fit BDST model.Title: Research Journal of Chemistry and EnvironmentFull Journal Title: Research Journal of Chemistry and EnvironmentISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0972-0626Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: EnglishPublisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Anuar, K., Joseph, C.G., Ahmad, F.B.H., Zulkarnain, Z., Hussein, Z.M. and Abdullah, H.A. (2001), Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Resak Wood (Vatica Hullettii). Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 5 (3), 16-22.? Gupta, V., Agarwal, J., Purohit, M. and Veena. (2007), Adsorption studies of Cu(II) from aqueous medium by tamarind kernel powder. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (1), 40-43.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 40.pdfAbstract: The adsorption technique using tamarind kernel powder was applied for the removal of Cu+2 from aqueous samples. The extent of removal/adsorption was dependent upon the pH, amount of adsorbent used and the time of contact. The experimental results revealed that the adsorption occurred as a spontaneous one. The adsorbent is effective for quantitative removal of Cu+2 in acidic conditions and equilibrium has been achieved in 10 min. This method is quite feasible, economic, time saving and low cost.Keywords: 0.1 N HCl, 0.1 N NaOH, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Technique, Aqueous Medium, Chitin, Complexes, Cu(II), Equilibrium, Experimental, Low Cost, pH, Quantitative, Removal, Spontaneous, TKP? Singh, P., Zhang, W.S., Robins, R.G. and Hubbard, G. (2007), Removal of As(III) from water by oxidation/coprecipitation-adsorption on Fe/Al hydroxide process demonstration. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (1), 58-62.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 58.pdfAbstract: Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a major health problem for populations who utilise that water for drinking. Arsenic(III) is often the main oxidation state that occurs in water and its pre-treatment by oxidation to arsenic(V) is considered to lead to more effective removal in subsequent coprecipitation processes. Hypochlorite is an effective oxidant for As(III). The change in solution redox potential (EH) when OCl- is added to As(III) can be used as a means for monitoring additions of the oxidant. Undesirable excessive addition of OCl- to water under treatment could be minimised through EH monitoring. The slow kinetics of the oxidative reaction by OCl- can be catalysed by Br- ions in solution. A bench scale process unit has been developed for demonstrating the arsenic removal process in which oxidation and the use of a mixed Al(III)/Fe(III) coagulant is applied.Keywords: Arsenic, Arsenic Oxidation, Arsenic Removal, Arsenic(III), Arsenic(V), As(III), Coagulation, Coprecipitation, Groundwater, Hypochlorite Oxidant, Ions, Iron, Kinetics, Lead, Metals, Monitoring, Oxidation, Pretreatment, Redox, Removal, Treatment, Water? Venkatraman, B.R., Hema, M., Rajachandrasekar, T. and Arivoli, S. (2007), Adsorption of ferrous ion from aqueous solution by acid activated low cost carbon obtained from natural plant material. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (1), 70-78.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 70.pdfAbstract: Batch experiments were carried out for the sorption of Ferrous ion onto acid activated carbon prepared. From this the operating variables studied were initial metal ion concentration, pH, temperature and contact time. Equilibrium data fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. From this adsorption efficiency, adsorption energy, adsorption capacity, intensity of adsorption and dimensionless separation factor were calculated. From the kinetic studies the rate constant values for the adsorption process were calculated. From the effect of temperature thermodynamic parameters like Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees were calculated. The mechanism of adsorption for the ferrous ion onto carbon has been investigated by using the experimental results and confirming by FT- IR, XRD and SEM images.Keywords: Acid, Acid Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Capacity, Carbon, Dye, Energy, Equilibrium, Experimental, Ferrous Ion, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, IR, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Low Cost, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Ion, Natural, Orange Peel, pH, Plant, Rate Constant, Removal, SEM, Separation, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, XRD? Bina, G., Begum, Z.I. and Garima, R. (2007), Equilibrium and kinetic studies for the adsorption of Mn(II) and Co(II) from aqueous media using agar-agar as sorbent. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (2), 16-22.Abstract: The intensification of industrial activity and environmental,accidents during recent years is greatly contributing to the increase of metal pollution in water resources, thereby causing threat to terrestrial as well as aquatic life. The toxicity of metal pollution is slow and long lasting, as these metal ions are non-biodegradable. The most appropriate solution for controlling the biogeochemistry of metal contaminants is sorption technique, to produce high-quality treated effluents from polluted wastewaters. Agar-agar, a readily available seaweed was used as sorbent for the removal of Mn(II) and Co(II) from aqueous media. Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments as a function of process parameters: sorption time, pH, concentration of sorbate and sorbent. Freundlich model fitted best with the experimental equilibrium data among the two adsorption isotherm models tested. The kinetic data correlated well with the Lagergren pseudo second-order kinetic model for the sorption studies of both Mn(II) and Co(II) using agar-agar Adsorbed metal ions were quantitatively recovered from the spent adsorbent using 5.0 mol L-1 HCl. The efficiency of agar-agar for decontaminating Mn(II) and CO(II) from the electroplating effluent has also been evaluated. The results proved agar-agar to be a favorable adsorbent to remove and recover Mn(II) and Co(II)from waste for further use in diversified industrial applications.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Agar-Agar, Biogeochemistry, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cobalt(II), Desorption, Efficiency, Electroplating Industrial Effluent, Equilibration, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Freundlich, Function, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Lead, Life, Manganese(II), Media, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Model, Models, pH, Pollution, Pseudo Second-Order, Removal, Sargassum sp, Solution, Sorption, Toxicity, Waste Biomass, Water? Sagar, N.P. and Shigh, U.K. (2007), Sorption dynamics of phenol on naturally occuring low cost clay. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (2), 23-28.Abstract: Most of the chemical contaminants are of organic origin. Phenols are among the most common water pollutant. Naturally occurring clay is new non-conventional sorbent having good sorption quality. Clay for the sorption of phenol from aqueous solution at different particle size, pH, concentration and temperature has been investigated by the batch shaking sorption experiment. It is found that the sorption of clay sample for phenol increases by decreasing particle size, pH and increasing temperature. The sorption process is described by means of the pseudo-second order mechanisms. The objective is to test the pseudo-second order model for analyzing the sorption of a phenol onto clay and to assess the usefulness and accuracy of the model. A rate parameter k has been defined and used to describe the sorption of phenol onto clay and experimental data were calculated. This helps to design a treatment plant for phenolic effluents where continuous removal can be achieved on a large scale.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Batch Shaking, Clay, Cost, Dynamics, Equilibria, Experimental, Extraction, Model, Origin, Particle Size, pH, Phenol, Plant, Pseudo-Second Order, Quality, Removal, Resin, Size, Solution, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Sorption Process, Tannic-Acid, Temperature, Treatment, Water? Alcantara, R.T. and Apodaca, D.C. (2007), The mechanism of sorption of mercuric ion (Hg2+) by Sargassum cristaefolium. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (2), 63-69.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 63.pdfAbstract: Previous studies have indicated that Sargassum cristaefolium is capable of binding with metal ions. The metal sorbing property of Sargassum cristaefolium suggests its possible participation in the removal of Hg2+ ions in water and wastewater. However, the potential application of Sargassum cristaefolium for environmental remediation and precious metals recovery depends on the understanding of the mechanism involved. This study has attempted to explain the sorption process involving the binding of Hg2+ ions to Sargassum cristaefolium by deducing the mechanism involved and by determining the effect of competing ions. The sorption of Hg2+ ion is affected by the efficiency of the release of counterions such as K+ and Na+. A significant amount of K+ ion and few amounts of Na+ and Ca2+ ions were found to be displaced upon the binding of Hg2+ ions. The total concentration of counterions displaced corresponds to the total amount of Hg2+ ion bound to the Sargassum which is typical of an ion exchange behavior. A complex model of BM0.5 or B2M can be expected from the binding of Hg2+ ion to the Sargassum cristaefolium.Keywords: Algae, Alginate, Aqueous-Solutions, Behavior, Biosorption, Environmental, Exchange, Heavy-Metals, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Mechanism, Mercuric Metal Ion, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Model, Pretreated Biomass, Recovery, Remediation, Removal, Sargassum, Sargassum Cristaefolium, Sorption, Wastewater, Water? Feng, Y.K., Zhang, L. and Wu, Z.Z. (2007), Biodegradable polyurethanes in medical applications. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (2), 78-83.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 78.pdfAbstract: Biodegradable polyurethane materials, which possess excellent properties such as biocompatibility and mechanical strength, facile formation etc. have been widely used in medical applications. The new applications and research progresses in this area are introduced in, this paper Histocompatibility, blood compatibility and degradation of polyurethanes are also discussed. In addition, the multifunctional biodegradable polyurethanes are also reviewed.Keywords: Adsorption, Biodegradable, Biomaterial, Blood, Degradation, Endothelial-Cells, Growth, Medical, Polyesterurethane, Polymers, Polyurethane, Research, Shape-Memory, Strength? Banerjee, D. (2007), Metal recovery from blast furnace sludge and flue dust using leaching technologies. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (3), 18-21.Abstract: The blast furnace sludge and flue dust of iron & steel industries have significant quantities of heavy metals that tend to hinder the process of recycling of the valuable minerals in these wastes and at the same time pose threat to the environment where they are disposed. The study was designed with the aim of verifying the metal recovery efficiencies of acid, water and biomass (micro organisms) from the solid wastes under laboratory conditions. Standard protocol was followed for the analysis of wastes, maintenance of biomass and experiments to produce minimal error. Chemical analysis revealed a high percent of iron in both type of waste. Treatment with acid and water resulted in recovery that was comparatively higher using 1 M H2SO4 for both sludge and dust. Water leaching proved inadequate for metal removal under these conditions. The bioleaching experiment proved that Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is more efficient in metal recovery than the fungal strains of Aspergilus niger & Penicillium sp. The fungal leaching efficiency was found to be very low and no appreciable metal values could be recovered. The residue analysis shows that the material after leaching could be disposed.Keywords: Bioleaching, Steel Plant, Solid Waste, Heavy Metals, Recoveryintroduction, Industrial-Waste, Copper? Ketcha, M.J., Manga, N.H., Daouda, K. and Tchoua, N.P.H. (2007), Kinetic and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of nitrates ions in aqueous solutions by activated Carbons and Zeolite. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (3), 47-51.Abstract: The hatch removal of nitrates from aqueous solution using three adsorbents Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), powdered activated Carbon (PAC) and a Zeolite (molecular sieve 54) was investigated in this study. The influence of initial concentration of nitrates ions (100 to 700 mg/L) and pH (2.86 to 12.13) have been reported. Adsorption of nitrate ions is highly pH-dependent with the optimum pH for the removal found to be in the range 2.8 < pH < 6.5 for the three types of adsorbents. Comparison of a first order and second order kinetic model applied to the adsorption of the nitrate ions from solution showed better agreement of the experimental data with the second order kinetic model.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Equilibrium, Experimental, First, GAC, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Model, Nitrates, pH, pH-Dependent, Removal, Solution, Water? Eva, C. (2007), XPS, NMR and S-BET studies of native clinoptilolite functionalized with carbonaceous substances. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (3), 65-71.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 65.pdfAbstract: The paper deals with fabrication of carbonized and hydrophobized clinoptilolite based adsorbents using organic carbon rich substances which were pyrolytic combusted and covered the external zeolite surface. Hydrophobization of the zeolite external surface was accomplished by octadecylammonium surfactant. Both surface modified clinoptilolite dominated zeolites were examined and compare with each other in regard to organic (phenol) and inorganic (chromate, arsenate) pollutants removal from aqueous solutions and so far elaborated composites with surface adsorbed pollutant species were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface of such a clinoptilolite-rich tuff composite and nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) measurements were undertaken to supplement the characterization of these advanced nanosized zeolite based materials respectively.Keywords: Active Surface, Adsorbents, Arsenate, Carbon, Carbonization, Characterization, Chromate, Chromate and Arsenate Oxyanion and Phenol Adsorption, Clinoptilolite, Clinoptilolite-Rich Tuff, Electronic-Structure, Hydrophobization, Modified, Nanotube, NMR, Phenol, Pollutants, Removal, Surfactant, XPS, Zeolite? Caparanga, A.R., Rodriguez, B.I. and Aguilar, F.M. (2007), The effects of Na+ and nonionic surfactant on the biosorption of lead(II) using Sargassum ilicifolium. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (3), 82-86.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 82.pdfAbstract: Few studies on biosorption have considered the effects of the components present in actual wastewater. Nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and Na+ were used to represent the impurities that could limit the uptake of heavy metal by the biomass prepared from Sargassum ilicifolium. In this investigation, four sets of batch experiments were done with each set consisting of lead biosorption system in the presence of the following other impurities: lead(II) alone, lead(II) + NaCl, lead(II) + Triton X-100, and lead(II) + NaCl + Triton X-100. This study attempts to elucidate the effects of interfering and competing species with lead(II) in water effluents from industrial plants. Compared to the sorbent performance in single-metal systems [lead(II) alone], the effect of both Triton X-100 and Na+ resulted in a considerable reduction in lead(II) uptake by the adsorbent. The effect of the wetting agent extends to all concentrations that lowered the equilibrium loading by 2 mg lead(II)/ g sorbent on the average; on the other hand, the decrease caused by Na+ was significant only in solutions with low starting concentration of the desired adsorbate. In the presence of both, however, the amount adsorbed by the biomass was greater compared to when only one of the two hindering species was added in the artificially prepared wastewater. Nevertheless, the presence of impurities reduced the mass of heavy metal extracted.Keywords: Adsorbent, Biomass, Biomass, Biosorption, Equilibrium, Hand, Heavy Metal, Lead, Light Metal Ions and Equilibrium Uptake, Metal, Metals, Nonionic Surfactant, Plants, Reduction, Sargassum, Sorbent, Surfactant, Uptake, Wastewater, Water? Daoduo, Q., Linda, Z. and Eric, H. (2007), Electrosorption: An alternative option for desalination. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (3), 92-95.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 92.pdfAbstract: Electrosorption is generally defined as adsorption on the surfaces of charged electrodes by applying potential or current. Electrosorption deionization method is a low-pressure non-membrane deionization process, with the potential to be a low energy cost alternative for desalination in the future. In this paper, the principle and mechanism of the electrosorption deionization method are discussed, the materials and properties of the electrode used in electrosorption process are summarized and the application and prospect of this promising desalination method are reviewed.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Capacitive Deionization, Carbon Aerogel Electrodes, Cloth, Deionization, Desalination, Electrosorption, Energy, Ions, Mechanism, NaCl Solution, Nanotubes? Kailash, D., Poonam, G. and Rishika, M. (2007), Comparative study and treatment of synthetic dye water using poly vinyl alcohol coated activated wood charcoal as adsorbent. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (4), 26-30.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 26.pdfAbstract: The comparative studies to explore the potential of Poly vinyl alcohol coated carbon black as low cost and biodegradable adsorbent to treat dyes have been conducted. The operating variables studied are pH, initial dye concentration/adsorbent concentration ratio and contact time. Batch kinetic and isotherm experiment were conducted to determine the sorption -desorption behaviour of the examined dyes from aqueous solution The aim of the present work is to study the effectiveness of the adsorbent to remove dyes from their aqueous solution and the removal of colour from textile wastewater.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Alcohol, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Carbon, Charcoal, Desorption, Dye, Dyes, Effectiveness, Isotherm, Kinetic, Low Cost, Opuntia Dellinii, pH, Ratio, Removal, Sorption, Treatment, Wastewater, Water, Wood? Hanisah, Z.N., Yamin, Y. and Ahmad, F.B.H. (2007), Use of anion clay hydrotalcite to remove coloured organics from aqueous solutions. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (4), 31-36.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 31.pdfAbstract: Anion clay hydrotalcite adsorbent was prepared to investigate their adsorption capabilities in the removal of humic acid from aqueous systems. Anion clay hydrotalcite was found to be particularly effective at removing negatively charged species. Its excellent uptake levels of anionic species can be accounted for by its high surface area and anion exchange ability. The potential feasibility of anionic clay hydrotalcite for removal of coloured organics from aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, temperature and adsorbent dosage were investigated. The extent of humic acid removal increased with the increase in contact time, temperature and amount of adsorbent used. Adsorption data was better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The results in this study indicated that anioic clay hydrotalcite was an attractive candidate for removing humic acid which shows great colour reduction of humic acid solution.Keywords: Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Anion Exchange, Aqueous Solution, Clay, Colour Removal, Experimental, Feasibility, Humic Acid, Hydrotalcite, Hydrotalcite Clay, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Minerals, Organics, Reduction, Removal, Temperature, Uptake, Water? Mittal, S.K., Raj, K., Pernita, D. and Sharma, H.K. (2007), Potentiometric determination of terbium(III) ion using zirconium(IV) boratophosphate as an electroactive material. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (4), 47-51.Full Text: 2007\Res J Che Env11, 47.pdfAbstract: Membranes containing varying compositions of electroactive material and epoxy resin as binder were prepared and it is seen that the one having composition 60% ZrBP and 40% epoxy resin exhibits best performance. It shows excellent response in the concentration range of 10(-4) M to 10(-1) M Tb(III) ion with super-Nernstian slope of 45 mV/decade. It has fast response time of 15 seconds. Effect of internal solution was studied and the electrode was successfully used in partially non-aqueous medium. The, proposed sensor revealed good selectivity with respect to alkali, alkaline earth, some transition and rare earth metal ions and can be used in the pH range of 2.0-10.0. It was used as an indicator electrode in the Potentiometric titration of Tb(III) ion against EDTA.Keywords: Adsorption, Cation Exchange, Edta, Fim, Inorganic Ion Exchanger, Ions, ISE, Metal, Metal Ions, pH, Potentiometric Titration, Resin, Selective Electrodes, Tb(III)? Kumar, V.K. and Porkodi, K. (2007), The rate determining step in adsorption processes. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 11 (4), 63-67.Abstract: A kinetic model was developed to determine the kinetics and mechanism of adsorption process on the basis of unit volume of sorber. An effectiveness factor for adsorption systems is defined for the first time considering the diffusion limitation of the proposed model. The kinetic model was proposed for a flat shaped adsorbent for a first order kinetics. A Thiele modulus was defined first time corresponding to the adsorption process to determine the rate controlling step in the sorption process. The proposed model was found to be valid for the geometrical adsorbent shape such as slab, cylinder and sphere. The present model was found to be excellent in determining the transport mechanism and the corresponding mass transfer coefficients overcoming the existing theoretical models.Keywords: Kinetics, Adsorption, Thiele Modulus, Boyd Plot, Sorption? Ding, Y.Z., Tang, S.R., Li, Z.A. and Murray, M. (2008), Effects of low molecule weight organic acids on Cd solubility in paddy and red soils in South China. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (1), 7-16.Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 7.pdfAbstract: Batch experiments of Cd adsorption and Cd desorption were conducted to study the effects of low-molecule-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on Cd solubility in paddy and red soils in south China. Cadmium solubility was highly pH dependent. As pH increased from 2 to 8, Cd solubility decreased in the presence of fumaric, oxalic, tartaric and malic acids. Citric acid showed very different behavior causing Cd solubility to reach a minimum at an intermediate pH of 4-5. At low pH, increasing citric, oxalic or malic acid concentrations resulted in a decrease in Cd solubility, whereas fumaric and tartaric acids had little effect. At high pH, citric acid increased Cd solubility dramatically even at the lowest concentration (0.5 mmol L-1). Other acids had little effect except that fumaric and oxalic acids increased Cd solubility slightly in red soil with concentrations above 5.0 mmol L-1. Overall, the effects of LMWOAs on Cd solubility were small, but oxalic and citric acid strongly influenced solubility at low and high pH respectively. Among the LMWOAs, those with higher stability constants for Cd-LMWOA complexes and weak tendency to adsorb on soils had maximum ability to solubilize Cd. Higher Cd solubility was observed in red soil compared to paddy soil due to lower pH, CEC and clay content of the red soil.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Adsorption, Batch, Behavior, Cadmium, Cadmium Sorption, Cd, China, Citric Acid, Citric-Acid, Clay, Contaminated Soils, Desorption, Desorption, Forest Soils, Ionic-Strength, Low-Molecule-Weight Organic Acid, Paddy Soil, pH, Phytoremediation, Red Soil, Soil, Solubility, Stability Constants, Surface-Charge? Kumar, M.S., Anjali, P. and Tarasankar, P. (2008), Arsenic removal household filter for small community. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (1), 23-32.Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 23.pdfAbstract: Natural adsorbent, laterite soil was selected and found to be an effective adsorbent for arsenic removal from arsenic bearing drinking water. The real arsenic bearing groundwater was collected from Nivedita Palli, 24 Paraganas, one of the arsenic affected areas of West Bengal. It was found that 20 g/L dose of the adsorbent removes similar to 98% of total arsenic from real arsenic bearing groundwater when the initial concentration was 0.33 mg/L with an agitation time and speed of 30 min and 170 rpm respectively. Isotherm study suggests that the removal capacity (0.18 mg/g) of the adsorbent is comparable with other natural adsorbents. Fixed bed column study was conducted to evaluate the column performance with the synthetic (using 20 cm. bed depth) as well as real (using 10 cm bed depth) arsenic bearing groundwater samples. The fixed bed was designed by logit model. The values of adsorption rate constant (K) and adsorption capacity (N(o)) were obtained as 0.3134, 0.7208, 1.21 L/(mg h) and 132.23, 70.81, and 69.22 mg/L for the minimum bed depth 13.89, 11.28 and 6.12 cm respectively for As(III) and As(V) and real sample. To get arsenic free water a domestic household filter “SANTA -2006” was designed with an earthen pitcher (kolsi). After continuous passing of 200.0 L of real sample of arsenic contaminated water under gravity, the breakthrough comes. The effluent water quality was tested. The results suggest that quality of water is acceptable for drinking purpose.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Rate, Alumina, Anionic Surfactant, Aqueous-Solutions, Arsenic, Arsenic Removal, As(III), As(V), Capacity, Column, Column Design, Column Study, Depth, Drinking Water, Drinking-Water, Environment, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Column, Groundwater, Household Filter, Isotherm, Laterite Soil, Laterite Soil, Logit Model, Model, Natural, Performance, Rate Constant, Removal, Soil, United-States, Water? Liu, K.H., Yu, F.M. and Peng, S.L. (2008), Effects of simumlated acid rain on disturbed, rehabilitated and mature forest soil of lower subtropic China: Leaching experiment. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (1), 33-39.Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 33.pdfAbstract: An evaluation. of response of one disturbed, one rehabilitated and one mature forest soil in lower subtropic China to simulated acid rain (SAR) (pH = 4.5, 3.5 with three ions concentration levels, and using distilled water, pH=6.5 as control) were studied using a controlled laboratory leaching experiment. Land-use change is one of the important factors in controlling soil response to acid deposition. Effects of SAR on leachate pH, electrical conductivity (EC), base cations and its adsorpted values by soil were studied in these soils. The results showed that (1) the decrease extent of leachate pH and EC were more intensive in PMF than that in PBMF and MEBE There was significant relationship between leachate pH and EC (Y = -309+1377*X, R = -0.81, P < 0.001, N = 252); (2) Leachate ion trend was not always having the same leaching dynamics in each forest soil. The concentrations of univalent cations decreased with treatment time during the study period, while the concentrations of bivalent cations increased in the later leaching period (except Ca2+ in PBMF); (3) Soil base cations showed negative adsorption in PMF while the opposite occurred in PBMF and MEBF; (4) Ionic strength played a more important role on leachate’s content than acid strength; (5) As in the same forest soil, there were no significant differences between treatments in this study that might be the reason of extremly acidity soil and comparable short treatment time.Keywords: Acid, Acid Buffering Capacity, Acid Deposition, Adsorption, Cations, Cations, China, Control, Decline, Deposition, Evaluation, Growth, Ionic Strength, Ions, Leachate, Leaching, Leaching Column, Nanshan, Nitrogen, pH, Soil, Strength, Succession Soil, Treatment, Trend, Water? Goyal, M. and Amutha, R. (2008), Adsorption of Hg(II) ions from water by activated carbons. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (1), 76-83.Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 76.pdfAbstract: The adsorption isotherms of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solutions have been studied on three granulated activated carbons and a sample of activated carbon cloth. The adsorption data obeys both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The x(m) value obtained from the linear Langmuir plots has been used to determine the fraction of the carbon surface occupied by the Hg(II) ions while the linear Freundlich plot constant n has been used to look at the heterogeneity of the carbon surface. The adsorption takes place on certain specific sites on the carbon surface and only a fraction of the BET surface area is occupied by the Hg(II) ions. The adsorption is determined by the amount of acidic carbon - oxygen surface groups present on the carbon surface. It increases with increase in the amount of these surface groups on oxidation and decreases when these surface groups are eliminated on degassing of the oxidized carbon. The adsorption involves attractive electrostatic interactions between the negative sites created by the ionization of the acidic carbon oxygen surface groups and the positively charged Hg(II) cations.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Cloth, Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous-Solution, Behavior, Carbon, Carbon Cloth, Carbons, Cations, Chemistry, Chloride, Drinking-Water, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Ionization, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Mercury(II), Oxidation, Oxygen, Polymer Carbons, Removal, Surface Characteristics, Surface Groups, Surface Interactions, Water? Patil, A.K. and Shrivastava, V.S. (2009), Removal of Cr(VI) by a low cost adsorbent prepared from Alternanthera bettzichiana (regel) nicols plant material. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (2), 47-56.Abstract: The Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) Nicols plant material (ABPM) were used as low cost, easily available and renewable adsorbent for the removal Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies demonstrate that the adsorbent prepared from Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) Nicols plant material (ABPM) has a significant capacity for adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The parameters investigated in this study include pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial Cr(VI) concentration. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is highly pH dependent and the results indicate that the optimum pH the removal was found to be 2. Cr(VI) removal efficiency was found to be 98.8% at initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg/L in 2 hours contact time. An adsorbent dose of 4 g/L was sufficient for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The adsorption process of Cr(VI) is tested with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption isotherm followed Freundlich better than Langmuir isotherms. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions on the adsorbent was evaluated for the pseudo first-order, the pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models respectively. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to correlate the experimental data well.Keywords: Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solution, Batch Adsorption, Capacity, Carbon, Chromium, Comparison, Concentration, Cost, Cr(VI), Cr(VI), Data, Diffusion, Dyes, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Experimental, First Order, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherms, Low Cost, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Model, Models, pH, pH-Dependent, Plant, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo First-Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Waste? Zoulikha, M. and Fatima, A. (2008), Effect of oxidant treatment of date stones activated carbons in treatment of water. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (2), 77-82.Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 77.pdfAbstract: Three activated carbons have been prepared from date stones, by carbonisation without adjuvant and by chemical activation with ZnCl2 and KOH. According to the adjuvant, the activated carbons present different porosities. Chemical activation of the date stones with KOH produces an activated carbon having mesoporosity developed as well as in the ZnCl2 activation. This last process led also to develop the microporosity more than KOH activation. The surface area, pore texture, chemical analysis and dosage of Boehm, of the activated carbons have been studied. Adsorption at 298K of phenol, p-cresol and o-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions on activated carbons has been studied. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbons depended on the surface area and porosity of the carbon, the solubility of the phenols compounds, and the hydrophobicity of the substituents. The modification of the porous texture and the chemical nature of the surface of activated carbons have been realized by oxidization with nitric acid. This oxidization leads to a considerable decrease of the surface area S-N2 and of the microporeux volume W-0, fixing a large amount of oxygen surface groups who influence negatively to the properties of adsorption of the activated carbons. A heat treatment of these activated carbons leads to a reduction of the concentration of the oxygen groups and therefore an amelioration of the adsorption capacity.Keywords: Acid, Acid Treatment, Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Activation, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Capacity, Carbon, Carbonisation, Carbons, Chemical Activation, Date Stones, Heat-Treatment, Hydrophobicity, KOH, Modification, P-Cresol, Phenol, Phenols, Reduction, Solubility, Substituted Phenols, Substituted Phenols Adsorption, Surface-Chemistry, Thermal Treatment, Treatment, Water? Laila, T., Hafida, M. and Mohamed, S. (2008), Sorption of monuron herbicide in some selected mineral sorbents. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (2), 83-89.Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 83.pdfAbstract: The environmental fate of phenyl urea herbicides in ecosystems is strongly influenced by their sorption on natural sorbents. Clay and sediment colloids are the most important contributors in fixing pesticides and other organic compounds. The present work studies the adsorption of monuron in some mineral sorbents (clays extractedfrom tow Moroccan soils (CESS and CEBS) and tow commercial clays type montmorillonite M and kaolin Ka). Clay characterization was done using Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Batch sorption experiments were carried out under various conditions to determine the influence of solution chemistry (herbicide concentration, pH and solid-liquid ratio). The adsorption data could be fitted with Freundlich isotherms and the coefficients indicated favourable adsorption of monuron on all clays studied; K-f values varied according clay type: 9.6 and 19.4 for kaolin and montmorillonite respectively; 6.5 and 10 6 for CEBS and CESS respectively.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Mechanisms, Batch, Bentonite, Characterization, Clay, Clay and Soil, Clay-Minerals, Components, Environmental, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherms, Herbicide, Herbicides, Isotherms, Kaolin, Montmorillonite, Monuron, Natural, Organic Compounds, Pesticides, pH, Ratio, Sediment, Soils, Sorption, Water, X-Ray Powder Diffraction? Lenka, S., Eva, C. and Katarina, G. (2008), The study of Sr2+, NO3- and PO43- removal from the simulated wastewaters using the cartrige filtration generated from the native and ODA-clinoptilolites. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (2), 90-95.Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 90.pdfAbstract: The study of cations and anions removal and column dynamics was investigated using a clinoptilolite-rich tuff from Turkey (Eskisehir deposit, Central Anatolia) and Slovakia (Ni center dot ny Hrabovec deposit). The Slovak clinoptilolite was modified with octadecylammonium (ODA) surfactant in order to enhance adsorption properties. The surface of zeolite under the current modification revealed coverage of ODA bilayers. This phenomenon indicated that the orientation of the ODA molecules with the polar heads was responsible for the driving force in the interaction of oppositively charged anions. The paper deals with some alternative adsorption process for nutrients removal and Sr2+ cation-exchange examined at the laboratory scale. The breakthrough curves for adsorption and ion-exchange process were plotted, under different conditions using the normalized effluent concentration (C/C-0) versus time or bed volumes (BV). Optimization studies indicated that the lower flow rate exhibited the better performance.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Properties, Anions, Breakthrough Curve, Cation Exchange, Clinoptilolite, Column, Coverage, Driving, Fixed Bed, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Modification, Modified, Ni, Optimization, Phosphate, Removal, Strontium, Surfactant, Surfactant-Modified Zeolite, Turkey, Waste, Wastewater, Water, Zeolite? Thakuria, M.N. and Talukdar, A.K. (2008), Low cost strategy for removal of Fe3+, Cr3+ and Cu2+ ions from drinking water of Chirang District, Assam. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (2), 96-101Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 96.pdfKeywords: Adsorption, Alumina, Carbon, Chirang District, Cu2+, Drinking Water, Fer(Y-Zeolite), Highest Field Concentration (HFC), Ions, Low Cost, Metal Ions, Removal, Rice Husk, Silicalite and Bark Of Terminalia Arjuna Tree, Strategy, Water, Zeolites? Geetha, A., Sivakumar, P., Sujatha, M., Palanisamy, P.N. and Somasundaram, V. (2009), Adsorption of acid blue from an aqueous solution onto activated areca nut shell carbon: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (1), 52-58.Full Text: Res J Che Env13, 52.pdfAbstract: Acid blue adsorption from an aqueous solution onto activated areca nut shell carbon (ANSC) has been studied experimentally using the batch adsorption method. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics were investigated as a function of initial dye concentration, temperature and pH. Three simplified models, including first order Lagergren, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed Elovich model. The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity of ANSC was found to be increasing with increase in temperature. Based on regression coefficient, the equilibrium data found fitted well to the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° for the adsorption were evaluated. The thermodynamics of Acid Blue-ANSC system indicates endothermic nature of the process. It is found that the areca nut shell activated carbon is effective for the removal of Acid Blue from aqueous solution.Keywords: Acid Blue Dye, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Areca Nut Shell, Dyes, Equilibrium, Kinetic, Kinetics, Silica-Gel, Sorption, Thermodynamics? Srinivasan, K. and Hema, M. (2009), Nickel removal from wastewater by using activated carbon prepared from agro industrial wastes. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (3), 54-65.Full Text: Res J Che Env13, 54.pdfAbstract: Activated carbons were prepared from agro industrial waste by products such as Coconut and neem oilcake by thermal activation at 800°C and were used as an efficient sorbents for the removal of nickel from water The sorption conditions, such as pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration of nickel were examined. The coconut oilcake activated carbon (COCAC) shows more adsorption efficiency than neem oilcake activated carbon (NOCAC). The kinetic processes of Ni(II) adsorption on to activated carbons were described by applying pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and reversible pseudo-first-order rate equations. The kinetic data for the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order rate equation for both carbons. The equilibrium data are described by the Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich isotherms models.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Cadmium, Carbon, Coconut Oilcake Carbon, Concentration, Copper(II), Data, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm Models, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Models, Neem Oilcake Carbon, Ni(II) Removal, Nickel, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo First Order Kinetics, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Removal, Second Order Kinetics, Sorbents, Sorption, Thermal Activation, Waste, Wastewater, Water, Zinc? Pingale, S.S. and Pokharkar, R.D. (2008), Catalytic study of activated charcoal obtained from Argemone mexicana L. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 12 (3), 98-100.Full Text: 2008\Res J Che Env12, 98.pdfAbstract: Activated charcoals have been Prepared from the weed like Argemone mexicana L. by using chemical activating agents like Zinc Chloride, Ortho-Phosphoric Acid, etc. Adsorption studies on carbon obtained from Argemone mexicana L. activated with 10 % Zinc Chloride and also activated with 20 % Phosphoric Acid have shown that these materials have good uptake capacity for acetic acid and oxalic acid. The observations have been fitted into Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The plots of above samples are found to be linear indicating the applicability of the Langmuir equation. These observations obtained from preliminary studies of adsorption have given encouraging results.Keywords: Acid, Activated Charcoal, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Argemone Mexicana., Capacity, Carbon, Carbons, Charcoal, Chloride, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption, Uptake, Zinc? Liu, Y.X. and Wu, F. (2009), Heterogeneous photochemical reduction of hexavalent chromium in the montmorillonite KSF suspended solutions under UV-vis irradiation. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (1), 5-11.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 5.pdfAbstract: The photochemical reduction of Cr(VI) in the montmorillonite KSF suspended solution under UV-vis irradiation (metal halide lamp, lambda >= 365 nm) was investigated. It was found that Cr(VI) could be effectively photoreduced in suspensions. The pH effect on the photoreduction of Cr(VI) by KSF catalytic process was found to have the same adsorption of Cr(VI) by particles. The results showed that the photoreduction mainly occurs on the surface of montmorillonite KSF and Cr(VI) reduction is more effective for solution pH below 4.0. The quantity of Cr(VI) eliminated increased with increasing irradiation time and decreased with decreasing initial Cr(VI) concentration. The proposed mechanism is suggests that iron specifies [Fe(II) and Fe(III)] contained in montmorillonite KSF are thought to contribute to this catalytic event and the photoreduction of Cr(VI) was greatly enhanced in the presence of citrate.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Chromate Reduction, Chromium, Clay, Cr, Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Reduction, Dissolution, Fe(II), Ions, Iron, Mechanism, Metal, Montmorillonite, Montmorillonite KSF, Oxidation, pH, pH Effect, Photochemical, Photoreduction, Phyllosilicates, Reactivity, Reduction? Geetha, A., Sivakumar, P., Sujatha, M., Palanisamy, P.N. and Somasundaram, V. (2009), Adsorption of acid blue from an aqueous solution onto activated areca nut shell carbon: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (1), 52-58.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 52.pdfAbstract: Acid blue adsorption from an aqueous solution onto activated areca nut shell carbon (ANSC) has been studied experimentally using the batch adsorption method. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics were investigated as a function of initial dye concentration, temperature and pH. Three simplified models, including first order Lagergren, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed Elovich model. The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity of ANSC was found to be increasing with increase in temperature. Based on regression coefficient, the equilibrium data found fitted well to the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters such as Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees for the adsorption were evaluated. The thermodynamics of Acid Blue-ANSC system indicates endothermic nature of the process. It is found that the areca nut shell activated carbon is effective for the removal of Acid Blue from aqueous solution.Keywords: Acid Blue, Acid Blue Dye, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetics, Aqueous Solution, Areca Nut Shell, Batch Adsorption, Capacity, Carbon, Dye, Dyes, Elovich, Endothermic, Equilibrium, First Order, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Freundlich Model, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Model, pH, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Shell, Silica-Gel, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics? Sumathi, K.M.S. and Mahimairaja, S. (2009), Evaluation of adsorption potential of reed bed substrates for chromium(III) removal from tannery effluent: A batch study. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (1), 59-65.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 59.pdfAbstract: The adsorption capacity of riverbed sand, sawdust, vermiculite and soil for Cr(III) ions from tannery effluent has been investigated in detail in order to evaluate their possible application as filter material in reed bed treatment system. The adsorption isotherm was determined along with the effect of contact time, initial Cr concentration and pH on the efficiency of Cr removal. It was concluded that the maximum adsorption of Cr (> 90 per cent) was achieved by vermiculite and soil within 24 h. The equilibrium isotherm data for vermiculite was found to follow the Freundlich and Langmuir equations and a separation factor was used to judge the favourable adsorption. Vermiculite exhibited a higher adsorption capacity (Xm =100 mg g(-1)), followed by sand, sawdust and soil (Xm=20 mg g(-1)). The Cr retention capacity of adsorbents at different pH was calculated on the basis of the distribution coefficient (Kd) and the highest Kd value was achieved by vermiculite (61.1) at pH 5.0.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Capacity, Carbon, Chromium, Chromium(III), Cr, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Distribution Coefficient, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Evaluation, Freundlich, Industrial-Waste, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, pH, Recovery, Removal, Retention, Sawdust, Separation, Soil, Tannery Effluent, Treatment, Vermiculite, Waste-Water, Wetland? Bian, J., Xiao, M., Wang, S.J., Meng, Y.Z. and Lu, Y.X. (2009), Activated carbon supported Cu-Ni bimetallic catalyst for direct synthesis of DMC from CH3OH and CO2: Effect of pretreatment of activated carbon supports. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (1), 66-80.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 66.pdfAbstract: Activated carbon (AC) as catalyst support was treated with different oxidizing agents viz., HCl, HNO(3), H(2)SO(4) and HE The effects of oxidative treatments on the physico-chemical properties of AC were thoroughly investigated using various characterization techniques. A series of Cu-Ni bimetallic catalysts supported on untreated and treated AC were prepared, characterized and tested for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CH(3)OH and CO(2). It was found that oxidative treatments significantly changed the surface chemical properties and pore structure of AC. A number of oxygen surface functional groups were introduced on the resulting AC during the oxidative treatments. These groups improved the hydrophilicity of AC, increased the adsorption capacity of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+), improved the interaction of activate metal with supports, which resulted in a more homogeneous distribution of Cu and Ni particles on the supports and consequently improved the catalytic performance of catalysts. These results could be closely correlated with the surface acidity. Catalytic activity tests for DMC synthesis revealed that the activity of prepared catalysts based on the treated AC supports was closely related to the surface characteristics of catalysts. The order of catalytic activity in both the conversion of CHOH and the selectivity of DMC was as follows: AC-H(2)SO(4) > AC-HF > AC-HNO(3) > AC-HCl > AC. The key role of AC surface chemistry was examined to rationalize these findings and the relevant mechanistic and practical implications were discussed.Keywords: Acid Treatments, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Bimetallic Catalyst, Capacity, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide and Dimethyl Carbonate, Carbonate, Catalyst, Catalyst Support, Characterization, Chemical Properties, Co(2), Complexes, Cu, Cu(2+), Dimethyl Carbonate, Dioxide, Epoxidation, Functional, Heterogeneous Catalysts, Metal, Methanol, Ni, Ni(2+), No Reduction, Oxidative Carbonylation, Oxidative Treatment, Surface-Chemistry, Synthesis? Indu, S. and Dinesh, G. (2009), Removal of chromium(III) from aqueous solution by pretreated microbial waste biomass. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (2), 29-33.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 29.pdfAbstract: Removal of chromium(III) from aqueous solution was studied by two pretreated microbial waste biomass obtained as byproduct of pharmaceutical industry involving fermentative production of certain antibiotics by Aspergillus sp. (MB1) and Streptomyces sp. (MB2). Percentage Cr(III) removal efficiency was improved by pretreatment of native biomass MB1 with certain chemicals in the order of sodium hydroxide (96.21%) > sulfuric acid (70.92%) > acetone (68.006%) > methanol (64.13%)> chloroform (63.011%)> hydrochloric acid (62.02%) > diethylether (54.28%), whereas by MB2 biomass it was in the order of hydrochloric acid (77.72%) > sodium hydroxide (76.647%) > sulfuric acid (75.82%) > diethylether (74.49%) chloroform (69.06%) > methanol (58.98%). Both alkali and acid treatment showed significant removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solution than the organic solvent. This indicates that such waste microbial biomass could be used as an alternative source for Cr removal from industrial effluent and its pretreatment with dilute alkali or acid can significantly enhance the metal removal efficiency.Keywords: Acid, Acid Treatment, Activated Carbon, Antibiotics, Aqueous Solution, Aspergillus Sp (Mb1), Biomass, Biosorption, Chemical Pretreatment, Chemicals, Chromium, Chromium(III), Cr, Cr(III), Effluents, Functional-Groups, Heavy-Metals, Industry, Ions, Metal, Metal Removal, Microbial Waste Biomass, Mucor-Rouxii, Pretreatment, Removal, Streptomyces, Streptomyces sp (MB2), Treatment, Trivalent Chromium, Waste, Water? Patil, A.K. and Shrivastava, V.S. (2009), Removal of Cr(VI) by a low cost adsorbent prepared from Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) Nicols plant material. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (2), 47-56.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 47.pdfAbstract: The Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) Nicols plant material (ABPM) were used as low cost, easily available and renewable adsorbent for the removal Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies demonstrate that the adsorbent prepared from Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) Nicols plant material (ABPM) has a significant capacity for adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The parameters investigated in this study include pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial Cr(VI) concentration. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is highly pH dependent and the results indicate that the optimum pH the removal was found to be 2. Cr(VI) removal efficiency was found to be 98.8% at initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg/L in 2 hours contact time. An adsorbent dose of 4 g/L was sufficient for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The adsorption process of Cr(VI) is tested with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption isotherm followed Freundlich better than Langmuir isotherms. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions on the adsorbent was evaluated for the pseudo first-order, the pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models respectively. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to correlate the experimental data well.Keywords: Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Capacity, Carbon, Chromium, Cr, Cr(VI), Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Removal, Diffusion, Dyes, Equilibrium, Experimental, First Order, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Models, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherms, Low Cost, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Model, pH, Plant, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Sorption, Waste? Srinivasan, K. and Hema, M. (2009), Nickel removal from wastewater by using activated carbon prepared from agro industrial wastes. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (3), 54-65.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 54.pdfAbstract: Activated carbons were prepared from agro industrial waste by products such as Coconut and neem oilcake by thermal activation at 800 degrees C and were used as an efficient sorbents for the removal of nickel from water The sorption conditions, such as pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration of nickel were examined. The coconut oilcake activated carbon (COCAC) shows more adsorption efficiency than neem oilcake activated carbon (NOCAC). The kinetic processes of Ni(II) adsorption on to activated carbons were described by applying pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and reversible pseudo-first-order rate equations. The kinetic data for the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order rate equation for both carbons. The equilibrium data are described by the Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich isotherms models.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, By-Products, Cadmium, Carbon, Carbons, Coconut Oilcake Carbon, Copper(II), Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherms, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm Models, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Neem Oilcake Carbon, Ni, Ni(II) Removal, Nickel, pH, Pseudo First Order Kinetics, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Equations, Removal, Second Order Kinetics, Sorption, Wastewater, Water, Zinc? Wang, Z., Jing, Z.Q., Cheng, L.L., Shen, W. and Kong, Y. (2009), Adsorption of Cr(VI) by Attapulgite-Zeolite Composite Ceramisite From Aqueous Solution. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (4), 13-17.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 13.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by batch experiments using attapulgite-zeolite composite ceramisite was investigated. After SEM characterization of this ceramisite, the influences of pH, contact time, temperature, ceramisite dosage and initial Cr(VI) concentration on the removal percentage were investigated. Results showed that adsorption process was highly pH dependent. The optimum pH range for adsorption of Cr(VI) was found to be<L Adsorption equilibrium attained within 2 h time. The sorption of Cr(VI) increased with rise of temperature because adsorption process was endothermic. Increase in ceramisite dosage led to increase in Cr(VI) adsorption due to increased number,of adsorption sites. The removal percentage, of Cr(VI) from aqueous. solution decreased with increasing concentration of Cr(VI). Both the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherms were suitable for describing the sorption of Cr(VI). onto attapulgite-zeolite composite, ceramisite with the correlation coefficients over 0.984. The attapulgite-zeolite composite ceramisite in this study shows very good promise for practical applicability of Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Aqueous Solution, Attapulgite, Ceramisite, Characterization, Chromate, Chromium VI, Composite, Cr, Cr(VI), Cr(VI), Endothermic, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherms, Isotherms, Langmuir, pH, Removal, SEM, Sorption, Temperature, Zeolite? Sandip, R.S., Deepali, V.J. and Baburao, S.M. (2009), La(III) sorption studies on poly[dibenzo-18-crown-6] for the sequential separation of La(III), Th(IV) and U(VI) in L-arginine. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 13 (4), 34-40.Full Text: 2009\Res J Che Env13, 34.pdfAbstract: Poly[dibenzo-18-crown-6] is used as a stationary phase to study the sorption behavior of La(III) in L-arginine medium. The quantitative adsorption of La(III) was found at 1 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-6) M L-arginine. 1.0-8.0 M hydrochloric acid, 0.5-8.0 M hydrobromic acid and perchloric acid were found to be efficient eluents for La(III). The capacity of crown polymer for La(III) was found to be 1.37 +/- 0.01 mmol/g. The tolerance limit Of various cations and anions for La(III) was determined. La(III) was quantitatively separated from other metal ions in binary as well as multicomponent mixtures. The study was extended to sequential separation of La(III), U(VI) and Th(IV). The good separation yields were obtained and have good reproducibility (+/- 2%). The method incorporates the determination of La(III) in real sample. The method is simple, rapid and selective.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Anions, Ascorbic-Acid Medium, Behavior, Capacity, Column Chromatographic-Separation, Crown Ethers, Ions, L-Arginine, La(III), Metal, Metal Ions, Polymer, Poly[Dibenzo-18-Crown-6], Quantitative, Separation, Sorption? Vikal, G. and Manisha, S. (2010), Adsorption analysis of Cr(VI) by natural polymer tamarind kernel powder (TKP) in aqueous medium. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (1), 41-45.Full Text: 2010\Res J Che Env14, 41.pdfAbstract: The adsorption technique using tamarind kernel powder has been applied for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous samples. Natural polymer tamarind kernel powder (TKP) has been used as adsorbent for the removal of Cr( VI) in aqueous medium. Patch experiments have been carried out for adsorption of Cr(VI) on to TKP. The effects of various parameters influencing the Cr(VI) adsorption such as effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent concentration and initial metal ion concentration have been studied. The data obtained from batch processes have used to fit in Freundlich ana Langmuir isotherm equations. This method is quite feasible, economic and time saving.Keywords: 0.1 N Hcl, 0.1 N Naoh, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Concentration, Adsorption, Adsorption Technique, Aqueous Medium, Batch Adsorption Process, Cr, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Adsorption, Cr(VI) Solutions, Freundlich, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Metal Ion, pH, Polymer, Removal, TKP? Gitipour, S., Heidarzadeh, N., Hosseinpour, M.A. and Abolfazlzadeh, M. (2010), Adsorption of crude oil and PAHs by ordinary and modified bentonites. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (1), 46-51.Full Text: 2010\Res J Che Env14, 46.pdfAbstract: Hazardous chemicals are the major cause of soil contamination in the environment. In recent years, to prevent the leaching of pollutants in soils, different stabilization and containment techniques as well as geosynthetic clay liners have been developed in recent years. Organophilic bentonites, due to their large surface areas, negatively charged particles and high adsorption characteristics have many applications for remediation of contaminated sites. The characteristics mentioned above of modified bentonites have enabled them to adsorb contaminants from solutions or to stabilize them in soils. This study focuses on interlayer changes of bentonite clays due to the adsorption of hydrocarbons (i.e. Crude Oil and PAHs). Free swell tests and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted on the clays. The free swell test results showed that modified bentonites effectively intercalated crude oil into their particles and adsorbed them, hence presenting 410 % volume increase when exposed to this compound. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis for modified bentonite samples indicated a 63.15% and 20.22% interlayer increase after their exposure to the crude oil and PAHs respectively while that of ordinary bentonites was relatively insignificant (0.50% and 2.86%). Similar observations were noted for other hydrocarbonic compounds denoting the organophilic properties of modified bentonites.Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Bentonite, Chemicals, Clay, Crude Oil, Environment, Exposure, Leaching, Modified, Modified Clay, Organics, Organophilic Clay, PAHs, Pollutants, Remediation, Removal, Sand-Bentonite, Soil, Sorption, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD Analysis? Yamin, Y., Abd, M.A., Mariam, S.S. and Faujan, B.H.A. (2010), Removal of amido black dye from aqueous solution by uncalcined and calcined hydrotalcite. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (1), 78-84.Full Text: 2010\Res J Che Env14, 78.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of amido black by calcined and uncalcined hydrotalcite was investigated. The influence of contact time, pH of the dye solution and adsorbent dose has been studied. In the light of so called “memory effect”, the removal of amido black, an anionic dye from aqueous solution by calcined hydrotalcite was also investigated. The results of adsorption experiments indicate that the percentage removal of amido black increased with increase in contact time and adsorbent dose but decreased with the increase in pH of the solution. Calcined hydrotalcite showed better adsorption capacity compared with uncalcined hydrotalcite. The isotherms showed that the adsorption of amido black was well fitted with Langmuir equation. The present study showed that hydrotalcite can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of amido black from aqueous solution. Better percentage removal of amido black performed by calcined hydrotalcite is due to their reconstruction of original layer in aqueous solution with good ion exchangers.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Parameters, Amido Black, Aqueous Solution, Calcined, Calcined Hydrotalcite, Capacity, Clay, Dye, Hydrotalcite, Isotherms, Langmuir, pH, Removal, Zeolite? Kailash, D., Dharmendra, P. and Anil, V. (2010), Low cost adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: A review. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (1), 100-103.Full Text: 2010\Res J Che Env14, 100.pdfAbstract: The adsorption process is being widely used by various researchers for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. In recent years the use of various natural products has been widely investigated as a replacement for the currently costly methods of treatment of wastewater Some of the natural products can be effectively used as a low cost adsorbent as well as low-cost sorbent. In this review, an extensive list of recent investigations and literature has been compiled to provide information on a wide range of low cost adsorbents and the treatment of wastewater using them.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Apricot Stone, Aqueous-Solutions, Bagasse, Cadmium, Copper, Heavy Metals, Information, Literature, Low Cost, Low Cost Adsorbents, Metal, Metals, Natural, Natural Products, Ni(II), Removal, Researchers, Review, Rice Husk, Sorbent, Treatment, Wastewater, Water, Zinc? Deepali, V.J., Sandip, R.S. and Baburao, S.M. (2010), Sorption and separation of lead(II) using poly [dibenzo-18-crown-6] in L-valine medium. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (2), 63-67.Full Text: 2010\Res J Che Env14, 63.pdfAbstract: A column chromatographic separation method has been developed for separation of Pb(H) using Poly[dibenzo-18-crown-6]. The separation was carried out in L-valine medium. The sorption of Pb(II) was quantitative from 1 x 10(-6) M to 1 x10(-2) M L-valine. The capacity of column of poly[dibenzo 18-crown-6] for Pb(II) was found to be 0.86 +/- 0.01 mmol/g of crown polymer The result showed that 1.0 M to 8.0 M hydrochloric acid, 4.0 M to 7.0 M hydrobromic odd, 1 0 M to 8.0 M sulfuric acid and 4.0 M to 6.0 M acetic acid and 2.0 M to 4 0 M perchloric acid were found to be efficient eluents. Pb(II) was separated from commonly associated metal ions such as Mg(II)/Sb(III), Co(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Cd(II) and Th(IV) and other associated metal ions in binary as well as in multicomponent mixtures. The sorption of Pb(II) was carried out in presence of various ions to ascertain the tolerance limits of individual. The lead content was determined in type metal alloy. The simple, rapid and selective method having good reproducibility (approximately +/-2%) was developed.Keywords: Acid, Capacity, Cd(II), Co(II), Column, Column Chromatographic-Separation, Column Chromatography, Complexes, Extraction, Hg(II), Hydrochloric-Acid Medium, Ions, L-Valine, Lead, Lead(II), Metal, Metal Ions, Pb(II), Poly(Dibenzo-18-Crown-6), Poly-(Dibenzo-18-Crown-6), Polymer, Poly[Dibenzo-18-Crown-6], Quantitative, Sorption, Uranium(VI), Zn(II)? Li, D. and Li, D.W. (2010), Removal of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) from hydrometallurgical effluent by ferrite formation. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (2), 83-87.Full Text: 2010\Res J Che Env14, 83.pdfAbstract: The hydrometallurgy industry discharges large numbers of heavy metal wastewater annually in China. especially during the production of Germanium extracted from Lead and Zinc oxide ore The effluent contains Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) and the concentration is 70. 50 0 and 4.12mg/L respectively In this research. the XRD was introduced to detect the ferrite generated in chemical coprecipitation. The crystal structure of ferrite may play a important role in parceling heavy metal ions The hydrometallurgical effluent quality treated by chemical coprecipitation and ferrite combined process was excellent The extraction toxicity of ferrite was far below the allowed standard concentration. It was also found that the removal efficiency is optimal when the pH is from 8 86 to 9.24 and the temperature is from 40 degrees C to 60 degrees C.Keywords: Adsorption, Cd, Cd(II), China, Cobalt, Combined Process, Copper, Coprecipitation, Extraction Toxicity, Ferrite, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metal Wastewater, Heavy-Metal Ions, Hydrometallurgical Effluent, Industry, Ion-Exchange-Resins, Ions, Lead, Metal, Metal Ions, Pb, Pb(II), pH, Removal, Research, Temperature, Toxicity, Waste-Water, Wastewater, XRD, Zeolite, Zinc, Zn(II)? Vikal, G., Ruchi, K. and Magan, L. (2010), Bioremediation of copper(II) from aqueous solution using Prosopis cineraria leaf powder. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (3), 51-56.Full Text: Res J Che Env14, 51.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solution by Prosopis cineraria leaf powder (PCLP) was studied in a batch adsorption system as a function of pH, contact time, copper ion concentration, adsorbent dosage and adsorbent size. The removal capacity of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution by PCLP was investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the isotherms and isotherm constants. The isothermal data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model followed by Freundlich model with maximum adsorption capacity of 98.02 mg/g of copper ion on P. cineraria leaf powder. The experimental data were properly correlated with the second order kinetic model.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Characteristics, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption, Cadmium(II), Capacity, Concentration, Copper, Copper(II), Copper Ion, Data, Experimental, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Function, Heavy-Metal, Ions, Isotherm, Isothermal, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Model, Models, Nickel, pH, Prosopis Cineraria Leaf, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Size, Solution, Sorption, Sphagnum Moss Peat? Joseph, K.M. and Christelle, B.T. (2010), Removal of mercury(II) ions from aqueous solutions using granular activated carbon (GAC) and kaolinite clay from Mayouom in Cameroon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (3), 60-65.Full Text: Res J Che Env14, 60.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of mercury (II) from aqueous solutions on Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and kaolinite clay from Mayouom (MY04) were studied as a function of different parameters: contact time, t, mass of the adsorbent, m and initial concentration C-0 of the adsorbate. The results obtained showed that the amount of Hg(II) adsorbed increases with increased contact time and equilibrium is reached at 50 minutes for GAC and 90 minutes for MY04. The minimum adsorbent dose for an optimal removal within the concentration range considered (7-30 ppm) was 0.1 g for GAC and 1.0 g for MY04. Maximum removal percentage of 98.5 % was observed for GAC and 96.8 % for MY04. Adsorption isotherms observed were in agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both GAC and MY04. The adsorption kinetic data obtained fitted the pseudo-first order kinetics on GAC and the pseudo-second order kinetics on MY04. These results showed that the kaolinite clay from Mayouom can efficiently be used to remediate mercury(II) from wastewaters.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption-Kinetics, Aqueous Solutions, Carbon, Clay, Concentration, Data, Diffusivities, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Studies, Function, GAC, Granular Activated Carbon, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kaolinite, Kaolinite Clay, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Mayouom, Mercury, Mercury(II), Minimum, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Solutions, T, Wastewaters, Water? Rui, S. and Feng, W. (2010), Defluoridation of water with modified montmorillonite KSF as adsorbent. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (4), 49-51.Full Text: 2010\Res J Che Env14, 49.pdfAbstract: In this work, defluoridation of water by adsorption using thermal modified montmorillonite KSF was investigated. The influence of some parameters on the adsorption of F was studied and described in details, such as thermal modification temperature, initial pH value and KSF dosage. The KSF treated at 500 degrees C had a higher efficiency adsorption of F- than the natural KS. In the initial stage of adsorption, the rate was very quick and the adsorption capacities were increased rapidly. Then the adsorption rate reduced gradually. The adsorption equilibrium can be achieved after 3 hour.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Rate, Aqueous-Solution, Defluoridation, Equilibrium, Fluoride, Fluoride, Modification, Modified, Montmorillonite, Montmorillonite KSF, Natural, pH, pH Value, Removal, Temperature, Thermal Treatment, Water? Ali, P.A., Reza, M.M. and Hossein, S.M. (2010), Removal of dissolved organic carbon by multi-walled carbon nanotubes, powdered activated carbon and granular activated carbon. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 14 (4), 59-66.Full Text: 2010\Res J Che Env14, 59.pdfAbstract: Adsorption characteristics of three adsorbents, namely multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) are compared in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from synthetic wastewater. The loading of adsorbents is varied in the range 0.25 - 10 g L-1. Three isotherm models of Freundlich, Langmuir and Tempkin are selected to adjust the experimental data. The solid diffusion coefficient and intraparticular diffusion rate constant at various adsorbent loadings are evaluated. The findings demonstrate that all batch adsorption data are well-fitted with three used isotherm models and CNT adsorbent receives the higher adsorptive quantity than PAC and GAC. It is also found that pseudo second-order kinetic model predicts adsorption data better as compared by pseudo first-order.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Bioreactor, Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Characteristics, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficient, Dissolved, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Doc, Equilibrium, Experimental, First Order, Freundlich, Gac, Granular Activated Carbon, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, L1, Langmuir, Loading, Loadings, Matter, Model, Models, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Nanotubes, Organic, Organic Carbon, PAC, Powdered Activated Carbon, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo First-Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Waste-Water, Wastewater, Water-Treatment? Lo, S.L. and Lee, Y.P. (2011), Removal of As(V) from aqueous solution by coagulation and ion exchange. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (1), 21-26.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 21.pdfAbstract: This study was to remove As(V) from aqueous solution by using two methods: coagulation and ion exchange. In jar tests, the parameters like coagulant type, dosage, pH and turbidity were thought to affect arsenic removal during coagulation and co-precipitation. It appeared that ferric chloride was the best coagulant for the removal of arsenic and the pH of the optimum removal efficiency of arsenic increased with increasing dosage of ferric chloride. Batch experiments of ion exchange (IRA-402) were conducted to assess the effects of reaction time, pH, initial concentration of As(V) and the type and concentration of competing ions. In column tests, the average exchange capacities for As(V) of IRA-402 were 84.7 similar to 85.9 mg-As/g-resin, which were approximately approaching the maximum exchange capacity of 80.2 mg-As/g-resin from modeling results of Langumir isotherms.Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminum, Aqueous Solution, Arsenate, Arsenic, Arsenic Removal, As(V), Batch, Behavior, Capacity, Chloride, Co-Precipitation, Coagulation, Coated Sand, Column, Coprecipitation, Exchange Capacity, Hydrous Iron-Oxide, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Isotherms, Modeling, pH, Removal, Se(IV), Se(VI), Water? Singh, A.S., Monalisa and Rakesh, S. (2011), Synthesis and characterization of Tamarind Anthranilic Acid (TAA) resin and its role in removal of toxic metal ions from effluent of jackson paint industry, Jodhpur, India. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (1), 79-85.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 79.pdfAbstract: A new tamarind based resin containing anthranilic acid group has been synthesized and its adsorption behavior for toxic metal ions has been investigated by batch and column experiments. Anthranilic acid group has been incorporated into tamarind by a modified Porath’s method of functionalisation of polysaccharides. The tamarind-anthranilic acid (TAA) resin can selectively separate toxic metal ions which are present in industrial wastewater. The TAA resin was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis techniques. The distribution coefficient value of metal ions at different pH was also studied using batch equilibrium method. The effects of pH and adsorbent dose on the removal of metal ions from industrial effluent were investigated. On the other hand, the physical property of TAA resin was also studied. On the basis of the distribution coefficient, this material was successfully used for the quantitative separations of metal ion using column method. The removal of metal ions from industrial effluent by TAA resin follows the order: Cu(II)> Cr(III)> Zn(II)> Cd(II)> Pb(II). The resin is amenable for continuous process and can be regenerated several times.Keywords: Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Analysis, Behavior, Cation-Exchanger, Cd, Cellulose, Characterization, Chelating Resins, Column, Cr, Cu, Distribution Coefficient, Equilibrium, FTIR, Hand, Heavy-Metals, Iminodiacetic Acid, India, Industrial Wastewater, Ion Exchange Capacity, Ions, Metal, Metal Ion, Metal Ions, Modified, Pb, pH, Quantitative, Quantitative Separations, Removal, Resin, Separation, Sorption, Synthesis, Waste-Water Treatment, Wastewater? Liu, X.D. and Xue, H.Q. (2011), Adsorption Characteristics of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by fly ash. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 25-28.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 25.pdfAbstract: This work examined the adsorption characteristics of Pb(II) onto fly ash by batch adsorption experiments. After elementary characterization of fly ash, different parameters influenced the Pb(H) adsorption process such as contact time, different dosage level of adsorbent, initial pH and temperature have been studied Results showed that adsorption equilibrium attained within 80 minutes. Increased in adsorbent dosage led to increased in Pb(II) adsorption due to increased number of adsorption sites, however the rise rate of the removal ratio slack-off after the adsorbent dosage exceeded 100 g/l. The optimum pH was found to be around 5.8. The optimum temperature for removal ratio of this adsorption process was 40 degrees C.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Aqueous Solution, Batch Adsorption, Characterization, Equilibrium, Fly Ash, Pb(II), pH, Ratio, Removal, Temperature? Zhang, D.Y., Ma, Y., Feng, H.X., Wang, Y. and Hao, Y. (2011), Removal of Methylene blue from aqueous solution by a novel nonporous carbonaceou sorbent derived from sucrose. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 3-7.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 3.pdfAbstract: In this paper, the possibility of the utilization of a novel nonporous carbonaceou sorbent (NCS) derived from sucrose for removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. The effect of experimental parameters, namely, pH, contact time and initial MB concentration for MB removal were studied. Equilibrium data were mathematically modelled using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption models to describe the equilibrium isotherms at different temperature. It was found that the Langmuir equation fit better than the Freundlich equation. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (Q,) calculated at different temperatures (298, 308 and 318K) was 522.44, 787.96 and 914.77 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters and spectroscopy evidences of the adsorption process indicated that the adsorption of MB onto NSC was endothermic and physical in nature. Comparing with other sorbents reported in the literature, the reported sorbent exhibited more effective and could be used as a potential substitute of activated carbon for organic dye removal from waste water.Keywords: Acid Dye, Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous Solution, Capacity, Carbon, Carbonaceous Sorbent, Dye, Dye Removal, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Literature, Methylene Blue, pH, Removal, Sorbent, Sorption, Sucrose, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Utilization, Waste Water? Santosh, K.S., Chanda, V. and Poornima, T. (2011), Rapid, reliable and validated method to remove sodium do decyl sulphate (SDS) from waste water of (Durg-Bhilai Region) by using natural bioadsorbate. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 29-33.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 299pdfAbstract: Present work deals with the removal of Sodium do decyl sulphate by the seeds of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) and leaves of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi). The scope of the work is to investigate and search biosorbents for surfactant (anionic) uptake, potential, batch equilibrium mode removal studies and kinetic studies at varying pH 2-6, contact time biosorbent dosages (2-100 g/L) and initial surfactant concentration (2-200 mg/L). The development of batch kinetic model and determination of order studies were investigated. It was observed that pH had sharp effect on the surfactant uptake. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to correlate equilibrium data on sorption of surfactant (anionic by using both Karanj and Tulsi) at room temperature 25(0C) and pH 2-9 and different coefficients were calculated. The biomass was successfully used for removal of surfactant from waste water which is technically applicable and viable.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Anionic Surfactants, Biomass, Biosorbent, Cost, Development, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Models, Model, Ocimum Sanctum, pH, Pongamia Pinnata, Removal, Sodium Do Decyl Sulphate, Sorption, Sulphate, Surfactant, Temperature, Textile Dye Effluent, Uptake, Waste, Waste Water, Water? Theivarasu, C., Mylsamy, S. and Sivakumar, N. (2011), Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of Congo red from aqueous solution onto cocoa shell activated carbon. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 34-38.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 34.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of Congo red (CR) by Cocoa Shell Activated Carbon (CSAC) was investigated by varying the parameters such as agitation time, concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. The results showed that as the amount of the adsorbent increased, the percentage of dye removal increased accordingly. Optimum pH value for dye adsorption was determined as similar to 6.0. The adsorption of CSAC was found to be increasing with increase in temperature. Adsorption kinetics was determined by pseudo first order and-pseudo second order models to the experimental data. The results indicated that the pseudo second- order model proving the best description of CR onto CSAC. The experimental adsorption equilibrium data was analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models. Based on correlation coefficient (r(2)) values, equilibrium data found fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters like Delta H(o), Delta S degrees and Delta G degrees were measured based on Van ‘t Hoff’s Plot. The thermodynamics of CR-CSAC system indicates endothermic nature of process. The structure and morphological of activated carbon was characterized by SEM analysis.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Kinetics, Agricultural Solid-Waste, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Carbon, Coir Pith, Congo Red, Correlation Coefficient, Cr, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dye Removal, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, First Order, Freundlich, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Model, pH, Ph Value, Pseudo-First-Order, Removal, Scanning Electron Microscope, Sem, Shell, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamic Studies, Thermodynamics? Subhajit, M., Smita, R. and Suresh, G. (2011), Biodegradation kinetics of Cr(VI) by acclimated mixed culture. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 181-184.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 181.pdfAbstract: Chromium was discovered in 1797 by Vauquelin. Numerous industrial applications raised chromium to a very important economic element. At the same time, with the development of its uses, the adverse effects of chromium compounds in human health were being investigated. Both acute and chronic toxicity of chromium are mainly caused by hexavalent compounds. It is highly toxic in nature and causes adverse effects on human beings. The present study deals with the removal of hexavalent chromium compound from industrial waste water using biodegradation by an acclimated mixed culture developed from activated sludge. The biodegradation studies are conducted for an initial Cr(VI) concentration ranging from 10-50 mg/L. The enrichment of culture is carried out for a period of 7 days. In these experiments, 100 mL of minimum salt medium (MSM) is autoclaved and added with known amount of acclimated mixed culture obtained from the enrichment procedure. Known amount of Cr(VI) is added in autoclaved MSM to maintain the required concentration of Cr(VI). The flasks are kept in the rotary shaker which is maintained at 37 C and at 150 rpm throughout the biodegradation process. The samples are collected at different intervals. The obtained biomass growth is significant and indicate the considerable decrease in Cr(VI) concentration in the solution The biodegradation rate kinetic parameters are obtained for zero order and three and half order kinetic models.Keywords: Acclimated Culture, Activated Sludge, Acute, Adverse Effects, Biodegradation, Biodegrdation, Biofilter Column, Biofiltration, Biomass, Biosorption, Chromium, Cr(VI), Culture, Development, Growth, Heavy-Metals, Hexavalent, Hexavalent Chromium, Human, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Parameters, Kinetics, Rate Kinetics, Removal, Salt, Three and Half Order Kinetic Model, Toxicity, Waste Water, Zero Order Model? Bhuvaneshwari, S., Sivasubramanian, V. and Senthilrani, S. (2011), Biosorption of chromium from aqueous waste water using chitosan and desorption of chromium from biosorbent for effective reuse. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 185-191.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 185.pdfAbstract: Wastewater reclamation has often been overlooked in the study of water resources. There is pressure by the public and media with regards to environmental discharges of toxic effluents, Toxic metal pollution can be a much more serious and insidious problem, as these are intrinsic components of the environment. At high concentrations, all the metals are harmful to human life. Therefore there is a requirement for newer and effective methods which are also cost-effective. Biosorption is a feasible option because it is both efficient and cheap. Compared with conventional methods for removing toxic metals from effluents, the biosorption process has the advantages of low operating cost, minimization of volume of chemicals and biological sludge to be disposed off and high efficiency in detoxifying very dilute effluents. The present study was conducted with the major objective of using chitosan for the removal of metal(s) from synthetic wastewaters. Experiments were conducted in a batch adsorption system for the removal of chromium ions from aqueous solution by chitosan. The influence of different experimental parameters; metal concentration, adsorbent concentration, agitation time, agitation speed, temperature and pH was evaluated. A removal of 99.257% was achieved under optimized conditions. The mechanism of metal adsorption by chitosan gave good fit for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models. Desorption of metals from chitosan were conducted in batch system using eluants like nitric acid hydrochloric acid, EDTA & sodium thio sulphate to regenerate the chitosan for effective reuse. The best desorption results were obtained with 0.1 M EDTA and the adsorbent was restored to the original state without any physical damage to the adsorbent. The adsorption studies repeated with regenerated chitosan and the sorption efficiency was 99 %, this study confirms the reusable potential of chitosan. The kinetic parameters were determined for chromium adsorption, based on the correlation coefficients the adsorption of chromium is best described by the pseudo second order equation. Finally, the potential of the column packed with chitosan biomass for Cr (VI) detoxification was demonstrated.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aspergillus-niger, Biosorption, Chitosan, Chromium, Cr, Desorption, EDTA, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherms, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Langmuir, Mechanism, Metal Recovery, Models, pH, Removal, Sorption, Temperature, VI, Waste Water, Wastewater, Water? Mandavi, M., Ahmad, M.B., Haron, M.J., Ab Rahman, M.Z. and Shameli, K. (2011), Equilibrium isotherm studies for the uptake of Pb(II) and Cd(II) onto lignocellulosic biosorbent from waste water. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 251-255.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 251.pdfAbstract: The removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II), by treated rubber wood fibre, a low-cost material, has been found to be concentration, pH and contact time dependent. The adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the Langmuir model was found to be in better correlation with the experimental data with a maximum adsorption capacity, Pb(II) (52.38 mg/g) and Cd(II) (5.64 mg/g) respectively. Surface complexation is the major removal mechanisms involved. The adsorption isotherm studies clearly indicated that the adsorptive behaviour of metal ions on treated rubber wood fibre satisfies not only the Langmuir assumptions but also the Freundlich assumptions. Results’ of kinetic experiments demonstrated that the adsorption was effective and rapid. Two different kinds of kinetic models (Lagergren-first-order and second-order equations) were used to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. The kinetic adsorption data can be described by the second-order equation and the adsorption might be a rate-limiting control. The results indicate the potential application of this method for effluent treatment in industries and also provide strong evidence to support the adsorption mechanism proposed.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Mechanism, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd(II), Complexation, Control, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy Metals, Industries, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Adsorption, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lignocellulosic, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Pb(II), pH, Removal, Rubber Wood Fibre, Treatment, Waste, Water, Wood? Mane, P.C., Bhosle, A.B. and Jangam, C.M. (2011), Effect of pretreatment of algal biomass on bioadsorption of chromium from aqueous solution. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 271-274.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 271.pdfAbstract: One of the recent developments in pollution control technology is the identification of a new type of adsorbents of biological origin which have high sequestering capacity for organic or inorganic pollutants. The presence of heavy metals in aquatic environment is known to cause severe damage to aquatic life. Most of the heavy metals are soluble in water and form aqueous solutions cannot be separated by ordinary physical and chemical means of separation. Biological methods such as biosorption/bioaccumulation for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide an attractive alternative to physico-chemical methods. The biomass is capable of absorbing and adsorbing metal ions from aqueous solution. The effect of pre-treatment on the heavy metal biosorption capacity of spirogyra sp. and Nostoc sp. biomass was investigated as a new biosorbent. For this purpose, the biomasses were subjected to physical treatments such as heat and autoclaving and chemical treatments such as sodium hydroxide and acetic acid. The effect of p(H), temperature and speed of shaker bed for bioadsorption of Cr also observed. The analysis of chromium was done by s-Diphenylcarbazide method on UV-spectrophotometer at 540 rim. Under laboratory condition, all the pretreated biomass increased biosorption of Cr in comparison with live biomass (spirogyra - 42.64%; Nostoc - 45.2%). The maximum metal removal efficiency was observed by acetic acid treated biomass (spirogyra - 92.56%; Nostoc - 90.4%) when p(H), temperature and speed of orbital shaker were kept constant at 5.0, 35 degrees C and 100 rpm respectively.Keywords: Adsorbents, Analysis, Aquatic Environment, Aqueous Solution, Bioadsorption, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Chromium, Control, Dead Biomass, Environment, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Metal, Metal Biosorption, Metal Ions, Metal Removal, Metals, Nostoc sp., Pollutants, Pollution, Pretreatment, Removal, Spirogyra sp., Temperature, UV Spectrophotometer, Water? Mahdavi, M., Ahmad, M.B., Haron, M.J., Rahman, M.Z. and Shameli, K. (2011), Equilibrium isotherm studies for the uptake of Pb(II) and Cd(II) onto lignocellulosic biosorbent from waste water. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 332-336.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 332.pdfAbstract: The removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II), by treated rubber wood fibre, a low-cost material, has been found to be concentration, pH and contact time dependent. The adsorption. parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the Langmuir model was found to be in better correlation with the experimental data with a maximum adsorption capacity, Pb(II) (52.38 mg/g) and Cd(II) (5.64 mg/g) respectively. Surface complexation is the major removal mechanisms involved. The adsorption isotherm studies clearly indicated that the adsorptive behaviour of metal ions on treated rubber wood fibre satisfies not only the Langmuir assumptions but also the Freundlich assumptions. Results of kinetic experiments demonstrated that the adsorption was effective and rapid Two different kinds of kinetic models (Lagergren-first-order and second-order equations) were used to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. The kinetic adsorption data can be described by the second-order equation and the adsorption might be a rate-limiting control. The results indicate the potential application of this method for effluent treatment in industries and also provide strong evidence to support the adsorption mechanism proposed.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Mechanism, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd(II), Complexation, Control, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy Metals, Industries, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Adsorption, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lignocellulosic, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Pb(II), pH, Removal, Rubber Wood Fibre, Treatment, Waste, Water, Wood? Thanaraj, P.J., Prasath, P.M.D., Jayaraj, R. and Natarajan, S.T. (2011), Separation of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on dolomite. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 380-385.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 380.pdfAbstract: The presence of heavy metals in the environment has adverse effects on plants, animals and humans. Even a low concentration of lead in water is toxic to aquatic life. Lead affects the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and kidney function. The present study was aimed at the development of dolomite, a carbonate mineral, as the adsorbent for the removal of lead(II) ions by adsorption. Separation of lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions containing 10 to 200 mg dm-3 of lead was studied. The effects of change in pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of lead(II) ions, temperature and contact time were studied using batch method. The data were fed into various isotherm equations - Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Dubinin- Radushkevich and the best fit was envisaged Thermodynamic parameters like changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy for the adsorption process were evaluated. Kinetics of the adsorption process was studied using Lagergren’s first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and Inter particle diffusion model rate equations and the rate constants and other parameters were deduced Spectral studies (FTIR, XRD and SEM) were conducted on the adsorbent before and after the adsorption process and the data were analysed Results show that the adsorption of lead(II) ions on dolomite is a spontaneous, endothermic process proceeding with increase in entropy.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Animals, Batch Method, Bentonite, Clay, Diffusion, Dolomite, Environmental Pollution, Freundlich, FTIR, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Kinetics And Randomness, Langmuir, Lead, Lead(II), Lead(II) Ion, pH, Plants, Removal, SEM, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Water? Wu, S.H., Hao, C.J., Cao, Y., Pan, W.P. and Shu, C.M. (2011), Thermal analysis and degradation phenomenon identification of ash-based zeolite. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 406-409.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 406.pdfAbstract: According to the current air pollution control technologies, activated carbon (AC) and zeolite are widely employed in the chemical industry as well as in power plants and petrochemical plants worldwide. In practice, industries are decreasing the pace of using AC, due to its hazardous decomposition behavior especially exceeding 450 degrees C. So far, products of zeolite used in Taiwan have been dependent on import. Home-made zeolite manufacturing has aroused interest because of the cost and operability concerns. Coal fly ash (CFA) is produced in power plants and applied to the manufacture of cement in traditional cement factories. To reduce the cost and to increase re-use in the green energy, fly ash was employed to produce various ash-based zeolites in this study. Various calorimeters were used to evaluate the thermal behavior and capacity using adsorption. Based on energy saving and greater reuse, ash-based zeolite is necessary and useful worldwide.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Air Pollution, Ash-Based Zeolites, Behavior, Calorimetry, Capacity, Carbon, Cement, Coal Fly Ash, Coal Fly Ash (CFA), Control, Degradation, Dsc, Energy, Fly Ash, Fly-Ash, Hazards, Home-Made Zeolite, Hydroperoxide, Industries, Industry, Interest, Peroxide, Petrochemical Plant, Plants, Pollution, Power, Power Plants, Practice, Reuse, Runaway Reaction, Simulation, Traditional, Zeolite? Ali, E., Tahereh, K. and Mansooreh, S. (2011), Preparation of high surface area activated carbon from Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) waste by physical activation. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 433-437.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 433.pdfAbstract: Production of activated carbons from solid wastes is one of the most environment-friendly solutions by transforming negative-valued wastes to valuable chemicals. In this work, waste of Polyethyleneterephtalate (PET) bottles was chosen because it is one of the serious post-consumer plastic wastes that caused lots of environmental problems. The activated carbon studied in this paper was prepared from PET wastes by a two-step physical activation method under N(2) and CO(2) atmosphere, respectively. In this study, an improved method was investigated to prepare high surface activated carbon. The characteristics of a typical commercial activated carbon were also measured and compared It was found that the activated carbon had a well-developed micropore structure and BET surface area about 2010 m(2)/g prepared from PET wastes at 975 degrees C and 240 mm holding time of activation stage and 800 degrees C and 60 mm holding time in carbonization stage. This carbon has 62% burn-off and 2.23 nm average pore diameter with a total pore volume of 0.93 cm(3)/g using N(2) adsorption at 77K. In addition, activated carbon produced was evaluated for its ability to remove phenol aqueous solution in a batch process. The results revealed that prepared activated carbon is expected to be an economical product for phenol removal for wastewater treatment.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Activation, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Carbon, Carbonization, Carbons, Chemicals, Chemistry, CO2, Environmental, High Surface Activated Carbon, PET, PET Waste, Phenol, Physical Activation, Preparation, Removal, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment? Hussein, M.Z., Latip, S., Sarijo, S.H. and Zainal, Z. (2011), Surface properties transformation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on treatment with various acids. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 438-444.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 438.pdfAbstract: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with various acids namely nitric, citric, chromic and a mixture of nitric-sulphuric acids to introduce carboxylic acid functional groups on them. As a result of this treatment, carboxylic functional groups were found to exist as indicated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study. Breuneur-Emmet-Teller (BET) specific surface area of the resulting samples was found to be 98, 133, 167 and 247 m(2)/g for the sample treated with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric, citric acid chromic acid and nitric acid respectively. Compared to the specific surface area of 1210 m2/g for the starting MWCNTs, this is equivalent to percentage reduction of 91.8, 89.0, 86.2 and 79.6 % respectively. The crystallinity of the samples increased when nitric and a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids were used for the treatment, but decreased when citric or chromic acid were used, as observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Except for the MWCNTs treated with nitric acid, diameter expansion was observed for all the samples.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Citric Acid, Ftir, Functional, Functional Group, Functionalization, Koh, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Mwcnts, Reduction, Surface Area, Surface Modification, Treatment, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD? Kumar, G.M., Snigdha, K., Chandan, D. and Kumar, G.A. (2011), Effect of background ions on reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) using saline water algae. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 450-453.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 450.pdfAbstract: Spirulina sp., a blue green algae, enriched in protein is capable in Cr(VI) removal from aqueous effluent. This study explores the effect of chloride, sulfate and nitrate on Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) using Spirulina sp. biomass. The batch laboratory scale experiments are conducted with fixed initial pH of 0.5, biomass dose of 5 g L(-1) and initial Cr(VI) of 200 mg L(-1). The influence of various background anions are investigated varying the concentration from 100 to 400 mg L(-1). The results show that the presence of anions Cr(VI) reduction rate to Cr(III) using Spirulina biomass. However, the effect is not appreciable at the lower concentration of the anions. The inhibitory effect of these ions on the reduction of Cr(VI) follows the order of nitrate>sulfate>chloride with almost similar results with Cr and SO(4)(2+). The influence of anions on Cr(VI) reduction rate depends on biomass type and metal solution chemistry. The results obtained are possibly due to the combined effect of the (i) variation of frequency of contact of Cr(VI) with active biomass sites with different anions,(II) competition of accessibility between the metal ions and background anions for the limited number of active sites and,(III) different Cr(VI) species concentration based 017 the aquatic chemistry. The results show that Cr(VI) reduction efficiency is decreased by around maximum 2 and 10.6% in case of Cr and SO(4)(2-) respectively The same is about 13.7% its presence of NO(3)(-) under the test conditions.Keywords: Algae, Anions, Biomass, Bioreduction, Biosorption, Biosorption, Chloride, Chromium, Chromium, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Reduction, Cr(VI) Removal, Frequency, Green Algae, Ions, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Nitrate, pH, Pretreated Biomass, Reduction, Removal, Spirulina Platensis, Sulfate, Waste-Water? Ong, S.T., Lee, W.N., Keng, P.S., Lee, S.L., Hung, Y.T. and Ha, S.T. (2011), Application of response surface analysis for optimization of dyes sorption onto EDTA modified rice hull. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 538-543.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 538.pdfAbstract: The batch removal of basic and reactive dyes from aqueous solution using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid modified rice husk (ERH,) was studied. Plackett-Burman design coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) were adopted to evaluate the effect of various operating parameters, such as pH (2- 10), contact time (5- 420 mins) and sorbent dosage (0.05 -0.2 g,) on the percentage of dye removal. The optimum adsorption conditions for Methylene Blue were determined as pH: 8.6, contact time: 131 mins and sorbent dosage: 0.13 g. As for Reactive Orange 16, a greater uptake was observed at a lower pH. The empirical model developed from the interactive effects of important operating variables was validated using ANOVA analysis. The percentage uptakes predicted by the model are in good agreement with the experimental values, thus confirming the reliability of the models.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic Dyes, Design, Dye, Dye Removal, Dyes, Edta, Experimental, Laccase, Methodology, Methylene Blue, Methylene-Blue, Model, Modified, Modified Rice Husk, Optimization, pH, Plackett-Burman Design, Reactive Dyes, Reactive Dyes, Reliability, Removal, Response Surface Methodology (Rsm), Rice, Rice Husk, Rsm, Sorbent, Sorption, Uptake? Jinamoni, S. and Archana, S.G. (2011), Arsenic removal, from water by adsorption utilizing natural kaolinite clay of Assam. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 559-563.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 559.pdfAbstract: Adsorption and oxidation reactions of arsenite As(III) at the mineral-water interface are two important factors affecting the fate and transport of arsenic in the environment. Numerous studies have concluded that As(III) is more soluble and mobile than arsenate As(V) in soils, though very little experimental work has demonstrated the differences in reactivity and stability of As(III) and As(V) at the mineral-water interface. In the present investigation the removal of arsenite with the help of kaolinite clay collected from Longai of Karimganj district was attempted. Adsorption on the surface of clay minerals was studied with respect to the adsorbent dosage, concentration and varying contact time. The adsorption followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and first order kinetics. The clay was characterized with the help of XRD SEM and FTIR data.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Arsenate, Arsenic, Arsenic Removal, Arsenite, As(III), As(V), Clay, Clay Minerals, Clay Sample, Environment, Experimental, First Order, Freundlich, Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm, Ftir, Isotherm, Kaolinite, Kinetics, Natural, Oxidation, Removal, Sem, Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry, XRD? Sa’aadah, S.N., Ridzuan, Z., Khonisah, D.N. and Mohd, A.K.N. (2011), Adsorption of methylene blue dye on steam-activated carbon prepared from waste tyres using fluidized bed reactor. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 573-578.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 573.pdfAbstract: The adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions.. on activated carbon from waste tyres was studied in a batch system for initial concentration (100-500mg/L) at temperature 30?C. The activated carbon was prepared by two stage method: carbonization and activation. The carbonization process was done in fluidized bed reactor at 500?C followed by activation in the presence of steam at 850?C for 2 hours. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The equilibrium data were best represented by Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 169.5 mg/g. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo first order and pseudo second order models and was found to follow the pseudo second order kinetic model. Waste tyre was to be a promising precursor to be converted to activated carbon.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Basic Dye, Char, CO2, Dye, Equilibrium, Fluidized Bed Reactor, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Methylene Blue, Methylene Blue Dye, Physical Activation, Pyrolysis, Rubber, Sorption, Temperature, Tyre, Waste, Water? Taimur, K. and Malay, C. (2011), Adsorption capacity of coconut coir activated carbon in the removal of disperse and direct dyes from aqueous solution. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 601-605.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 601.pdfAbstract: The present research deals with the preparation of activated carbon from coconut coir and its adsorption behavior for textile dyes in comparison with that of a commercial activated carbon. The coconut coir activated carbon (CCAC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC) were characterised in terms of ash content, bulk density, pH, pH(ZPC), surface area, micropore area, micropore volume, average pore diameter, surface morphology and surface functional groups. Adsorption of two classes of textile dyes, Disperse Red 343 (DR 343) and Direct Blue 86 (DB 86), from aqueous solution by CCAC and CAC was examined. Batch adsorption test showed that extent of dye adsorption was dependent on dye concentration, contact time and pH. Equilibrium adsorption for DR 343 and DB 86 was attained in 1 and 2 h respectively and maximum adsorption occurred at pH 2 for both dyes. Equilibrium adsorption data of DR 343 and DB 86 were described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the isotherm constants indicated higher adsorption capacity of CCAC for both dyes. CCAC is a suitable substitute for CAC in the removal of Disperse and Direct dyes from aqueous solution.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Behavior, Cac, Capacity, Carbon, Coconut Coir, Direct Dyes, Disperse and Direct Dyes, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dyes, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Adsorption, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Functional, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, pH, Preparation, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Research, Textile Dyes, Textile Waste-Water? Joshi, U.D., Joshi, P.N., Roh, H.S., Yoon, W.L. and Shiralkar, V.P. (2011), Environmental potential applications of alkali metal exchanged zeolite X in carbon dioxide adsorption. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 661-671.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 661.pdfAbstract: The increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentration, mainly caused by the Thermal Power Stations, Industrial sector and fossil fuel combustion, has led to consequences of global warming. Zeolitic adsorption processes is more promising, energy saving and viable method for CO(2) removal in Comparison to other technologies. In order to examine the behavior and to establish the trends in carbon dioxide sorption, NaX zeolite (Si/Al = 1.15) and it’s the modified forms with identical degree (55.5 +/- 2.5) of exchange by K+, Rb+ and Cs+ cations have been selected., The samples were characterized by powder XRD, Low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, chemical analysis and also for the intermediate electronegativity and the partial charges on the atoms using Sanderson’s electronegativity equalization principle. The isotherms of carbon dioxide using these NaX, NaKX, NaRbX and NaCsX samples were measured at an interval of 30 K in the temperature range of 273 to 363 K up to 600 Torr. The uptake of CO(2) was found to depend on both, the size of the nonframework cation and the temperature at which the isotherms were measured. The cations with lower charge density will have lower extent of electrostatic interaction with the sorbate molecules. Since CO(2) has more linear quadrupole moment, it interacts mainly with the extra-framework cations and framework oxygen. The carbon dioxide sorption data satisfactorily represented by Langmuir and also analyzed for the chemical affinity. The Isosteric heat (q(st)) of NaX for the coverage of 20 molecules per unit cell is nearly equal to 26 kJ, mol(-1). The NaX and NaKX comparatively show a flat heat profile with the increasing amount sorbed than those of NaRbX and NaCsX indicating a balance between the strength of energetic heterogeneity of sorbate-sorbent interactions and sorbate-sorbate interactions.Keywords: Adsorption, Ammonia, Analysis, Balance, Behavior, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Cations, Co(2), Co(2) Sorption, Co2, Coverage, Diffusion, Energetics, Energy, Faujasites, Ionic Exchange, Isosteric Heat, Isotherms, Langmuir, Metal, Modified, Nax, Nax Zeolite, Nitrogen, Profile, Removal, Simulations, Sorbate, Sorption, Strength, Temperature, Theoretical Models, Trends, Uptake, XRD, Zeolite? Trisno, S.U., Juari, S.S., Bambang, R. and Dwi, S. (2011), The synergy effect of cadmium on protected-crosslinking reaction of humic acid-chitosan in the quest for new sorbent. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 683-689.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 683.pdfAbstract: The synergy effect of cadmium on protected-crosslinking reaction of humic acid (HA)-chitosan in the quest for a new sorbent was studied Active sorption site of HA was protected by reacting HA with Cd(II) ion. The protected-HA was then activated by glutaraldehyde, crosslinked onto chitosan and deprotected using Na(2)EDTA solution. The result showed that Cd(II) can protect the active. sites of HA. The FTIR spectra and stability test indicated that crosslinking of HA on chitosan occurred through a chemical interaction. The sorption capacity of sorbent produced through protected-crosslinking method toward Cd(II) was higher than that sorbent produced through entrapment method Increasing the deprotection degree can enhance the sorption capacity significantly. Regeneration study showed that the sorption capacity of sorbent remained unchanged after the second regeneration, but some of HA started to be soluble. The latter showed the synergy role of Cd(II) in protected-crosslinking reaction of HA-chitosan.Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Beads, Binding, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd(II), Cd(II) Ion, Chitosan, Coals, Crosslinking, Ftir, Humic Acid, Kinetics, Metal-Ions, Peat, Regeneration, Removal, Sorbent, Sorption, Substances, Synergy? Nazem, Z., Najafi, P., Tabatabaei, S.H. and Hajrasuliha, S. (2011), Adsorption of heavy metals in the compost leachate in a soil column enriched by Clinoptilolite. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 709-714.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 709.pdfAbstract: Unsanitary dispossess of compost leachate on the land causes environmental hazard. The objective of this study was to investigate application effects of the Clinoptilolite Zeolites and soil on heavy metals adsorption in the condition of leachate reuse. It was done in Isfahan Compost Company in 2007. The treatments were performed in 12 PVC soil columns. They were irrigated 12 times at 3 days interval with 20 mm depth for each irrigation. A complete randomized block design experiment was used with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: T1 soil irrigated with leachate, T2 and T3 soil mixed with 5% and 10% Zeolite irrigated with leachate, respectively. In all of treatments, soil texture was been sandy clay loam. Heavy metal concentrations in drain water were lower than input leachate. Ni, Pb, Cd were absorbed by treatments and these show significant difference at 5 percent level based on Duncan test. most of Cr content in leachate was adsorbed into treatments bed. Ni, Pb, Cd removal efficiency in drain waters were decreased with increasing irrigation events. Removal efficiency was in the order: Cd(2+) > Pb(2+)> Ni(2+). The mean of heavy metals content on output of leachate from T1, T2 and T3 did not show any significant difference and it means that adding zeolite did not cause more removal of heavy. metals from leachate as a land treatment bed.Keywords: Adsorption, Anions, Cations, Cd, Cd Removal, Cd(2+), Clay, Clinoptilolite, Column, Cr, Depth, Design, Environmental, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metals, Heulandite, Ion-Exchange, Land Treatment, Leachate, Metal, Metals, Ni, Ni(2+), Pb, Removal, Reuse, Soil, Sorption, Synthetic Zeolites, Treatment, Zeolite? Farooq, M., Ramli, A. and Subbarao, D. (2011), Some studies on the synthesis and surface properties of mixed oxides of alumina and magnesia. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 715-720.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 715.pdfAbstract: A series of mixed oxides of alumina and magnesia with different MgO contents were prepared by wet impregnation method. The synthesized mixed oxides Al(2)O(3)-MgO were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, Fourior Transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimeric analysis (TGA), and BET methods. The point of zero of mixed oxides was determined by salt addition method to explore the effect of MgO contents on the PZC of commercial Al(2)O(3). The activation energies of thermal decomposition for different Mg (NO(3))(2)center dot 6H(2)O loading onto Al(2)O(3) was determind by Freidman model. The results showed the as the MgO loading was increased the PZC of alumina was also increased linearly. Moreover, the PZC of these synthesized mixed oxides varied between the PZCs of pure oxides of Al(2)O(3) and MgO. Further, it was noted that alumina retained its structure when the MgO content was low however, high loading of MgO caused change in the phase and structure of alumina. Activation energy, of thermal degradation increased as the Mg (NO(3))(2)center dot 6H(2)O loading was increased onto Al(2)O(3).Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Al(2)O(3)-Mgo Mixed, Alumina, Analysis, Catalysts, Characterization and Activation Energy, Degradation, Energy, Ftir, Gas, Impregnation, Model, Oxides, Point, Pzc, Removal, Salt, Synthesis, Tga, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD, Zero-Charge? Tabatabaee, G.S.M., Mousavi, S.M., Soltanieh, M. and Seif, K.A.K. (2011), Column and batch study of haloacetic acids adsorption onto granular activated carbon. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 866-872.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 866.pdfAbstract: The granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as an adsorbent for its ability to remove haloacetic acids (HAAs) from drinking water by batch and column experiments. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees have been calculated. The thermodynamics of HAAs onto GAC system indicates spontaneous and exothermic,nature of the process. The ability of GAC to adsorb HAAs in a fixed bed column was investigated as well. The effect of operating parameters such as flow rate and inlet HAAs concentration on the sorption characteristics of GAC was investigated The total adsorbed quantities, equilibrium uptakes and total removal percents of HAAs related to the effluent volumes were determined by evaluating the breakthrough curves obtained at different flow rates and different inlet HAAs concentrations for adsorbent. The data confirmed that the total amount of sorbed HAAs and equilibrium HAAs uptake decreased with increasing flow rate and increased with increasing inlet HAAs concentration. The Adams-Bohart model was used to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adams-Bohart Model, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Batch, Bed, Biosorption, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curve, Carbon, Column, Dbps, Disinfection By-Products, Drinking Water, Equilibrium, Experimental, Fixed Bed, Fixed Bed Column, Gac, Granular Activated Carbon, Haloacetic Acid Removal, Model, Phenol, Removal, Sorption, Spontaneous, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Uptake, Water? Yasin, Y., Malik, A.H.A. and Sumari, S.M. (2011), Application of statistical design and surface plots for the optimization of reactive orange dye removal from aqueous solution using layered double hydroxide. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 876-882.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 876.pdfAbstract: The layered double hydroxide (LDH) was used as an adsorbent to remove reactive orange dye from aqueous solutions. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level-four variables Central Composite Rotatable Design.(CCRD) was employed to evaluate the interactive effects of the various optimization parameters. The parameters were contact lime (6-10 h), dye concentration (50-150 mg/l), pH (3 - 8) and adsorbent dosage (30 - 70 mg). Simultaneously by increasing contact time, the initial concentration and amount of dosage increased the quantity of reactive orange dye removal. The optimum conditions derived via RSM during the reaction were a reaction time of 7.37 hours, a dye concentration of 108.37 a pH of 5.51 and an adsorbent dosage of 0.04 g. The experimental percentage removal was 86.83% under optimum conditions which compared well wills the maximum predicted value of 88.58%.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Clay-Minerals, Composite, Design, Dye, Dye Removal, Experimental, Layered Double Hydroxide, Ldh, Methodology, Optimization, pH, Process Variables, Reactive Orange Dye Removal, Removal, Response Surface Methodology, Rsm, Statistical? Soo-Hyoung, M., Won, L.H., Joo-Hye, K., Kyung-Goo, K. and Sun, M.Y. (2011), Characteristics of volcanic cinders and their adsorption trait for heavy metal removal. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 920-927.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 920.pdfAbstract: This study investigated the physicochemical properties of naturally available adsorbent called scoria with respect to the BET specific surface area, chemical composition, and adsorption capability for heavy metal ions. Three heavy metal ions, including Pb(2+), Ni(2+) and Cr(3+), were used to evaluate the adsorption capability of scoria. All adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode by varying initial heavy metal ion concentration, contact time and the ratio of the adsorbate (heavy, metal ions) to scoria (adsorbent). In terms of 10 main components, all the scoria samples were found to have Similar chemical compositions. As for the adsorption capability of scoria, much larger affinity for Pb(2+) was observed than for Cr(3+) or Ni(2+). The adsorption equilibrium data were well correlated to the Freundlich isotherm rather than the Langmuir isotherm.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capability, Adsorption Equilibrium, Aqueous-Solutions, Cr(3+), Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Ions, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Metal Ion, Metal Ions, Ni(2+), Pb(2+), Physicochemical Properties, Ratio, Removal, Rocks, Scoria, Scoria, Water? Thomas, D., Choong, S.Y., Chuah, T.C., Yap, Y.H.T. and Thaib, A. (2011), Use of box-behnken design in the preparation of mesoporous carbon coated monolith - BET surface area. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 928-932.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 928.pdfAbstract: Preparation of furfuryl alcohol based activated carbon monolith is reported. The effects of the preparation parameters like carbonization temperature, concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and molecular weight of PEG on surface area are investigated. Based on Box-Behnken design, a quadratic model is developed to correlate the preparation parameters to surface area. Front the analysis of variance (ANOVA), carbonization temperature, concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and molecular weight of PEG are identified the dominant parameters in controlling the surface area. The maximum surface area found from the RSM is 585.6m(2)/g at carbonization temperature of 660 degrees C and concentration of PEG of 31% vol. with molecular weight of PEG of 1000 g/mol.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Alcohol, Analysis, Box-Behnken Design, Carbon, Carbonization, Design, Furfuryl Alcohol, Mesoporous, Mesoporous Carbon, Model, Molecular, Monolith, Optimization, Poly(Furfuryl Alcohol)-Derived Carbon, Preparation, Resin, Rsm, Temperature? Utkarsh, M. and Suresh, G. (2011), Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Cr(VI) Removal from aqueous solutions using activated Neem bark. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 939-943.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 939.pdfAbstract: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has a dominant presence in most of the effluent streams as compared to other heavy metal ions coming out from the different industries such as metal finishing, tannery, electroplating etc. Due to its carcinogenic and toxic nature, it is considered as one of the most important environmental problems. The solution for this problem is a cost effective and eco-friendly treatment technique. Various treatment techniques such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, electro-coagulation and chemical reduction are available to reduce the contamination of Cr(VI) in the effluent streams. These techniques are not eco-friendly and economically viable for the large volume of wastewater ireatment. Adsorption using low cost adsorbents is found to be (me of the cost effective technique for Cr(VI) removal from the effluent streams. In the present study, a waste biodegradable material, neem bark, is used. This neem bark is activated using concenirated sulphuric acid (98 wt%) and is used as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted for determining the performance of activated neem bark for removal of Cr(VI). The effect of various important parameters such as effect of contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration and dosage of adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) using activated neem bark adsorbent are studied. The kinetic studies show 70% removal of Cr(VI) using activated neem bark as an adsorbent while keeping 100 mg/L of initial Cr(VI) concentration The equilibrium data for the adsorption of Cr(VI) on activated neem bark is being tested with Langmuir isotherm model and Freundlich isotherm model. It is observed that it is following the Langmuir isotherm model and the corresponding adsorption capacity of activated neem bark is 26.95 mg/g. Pseudo first-order and second-order rate kinetic models are used to evaluate the mechanism of adsorption of Cr(VI) on activated neem bark It is observed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on activated neon bark follows second order kinetics.Keywords: Acid, Activated Neem Bark, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Batch Studies, Capacity, Chromium, Chromium(VI), Cr, Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Removal, Environmental, Equilibrium, First Order, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Hexavalent Chromium, Industries, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Low Cost Adsorbents, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Neem, Precipitation, Pseudo-First-Order, Reduction, Removal, Second Order Kinetics, Sulphuric Acid, Tamarind Seeds, Treatment, Wastewater? Shivanikar, S.V. and Patil, K.B. (2011), Studies on Fluoride removal methods by using adsorption Technique. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 973-977.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 973.pdfAbstract: Fluorides are released by various natural sources and anthropogenic activities into the aquatic environment i.e. surface as well as ground water. Fluorides can enter the human body through drinking water, food, tooth paste, mouth rinses, other dental products, drugs and fluoride containing salts. It may cause Fluorosis. In present studies the methods of fluoride removal from drinking water have been studied by adsorption technique. The Eosin and Activated charcoal combination as well as Fullers earth and Calcium carbonate combination were used for the removal of fluorides. Front the results it was concluded that the combination of Fullers earth and calcium carbonate at specific concentration shows maximum removal of fluorides from known volume of test solution. Similarly, precise combination of eosin and activated charcoal gives excellent results in removal of fluorides from test solution.Keywords: Activities, Adsorption, Adsorption Technique, Aquatic Environment, Calcium, Carbonate, Drinking Water, Drugs, Environment, Fluoride, Fluoride Removal, Fluorosis, Human, Natural, Removal, Water? Aditya, D., Rohan, P. and Suresh, G. (2011), Nano-adsorbents for wastewater treatment: A review. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 15 (2), 1033-1040.Full Text: 2011\Res J Che Env15, 1033.pdfAbstract: The concern over increasing awareness for development of systems to improve water quality for effluents from wastewater treatment and industrial facilities has provided incentives to develop new technologies and improve performance, of existing technologies. Various methods exist fir the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions, but adsorption is by far the most versatile and widely used process. In recent years, a great deal of attentions has been focused onto the application of nanostructured materials as adsorbents or catalysts to remove toxic and harmful substances from wastewater and air. This study mainly focused on those nano-adsorbents which are used for wastewater treatment. The nano adsorbents which were studied are classified into two classes namely carbon derived (in form of tubes, wires and particles) and non carbon derived (metals, metal oxides, etc.) nano-adsorbents. A detailed study on each nano-adsorbent is done through studying their synthesis, characterization, adsorption characteristics and their uses and application in the real world. The synthesis of nano-adsorbents was studied using different methods such as arc discharge method, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition. The characterization of nano-adsorbents was carried out using Raman spectroscopy. The experimental characteristics of adsorption at different pH, temperature are studied and their results are discussed. The applications of nunomaterials may yield benefits to the environment through the development of new technologies and the widespread uses of nanomaterials will also likely result in their introduction to our environment. It is therefore critical that the researchers in the area of nanotechnology should address important aspects related to the development of nano-materials. The present study also deals with the future developments of nano-materials and challenges in this field of environmental engineering.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Awareness, Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Characterization, Cr(VI), Development, Environment, Environmental, Experimental, Heavy Metals, Incentives, Ions, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Nano-Adsorbents, Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, pH, Raman, Removal, Researchers, Review, Synthesis, Temperature, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater TreatmentTitle: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, IndiaFull Journal Title: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, IndiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: EnglishPublisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Kumar, K.V. (2002), Adsorption isotherms for basic dye onto low cost adsorbents. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 6 (4), 61-65.? Kumar, K.V. (2002), Treatment of dye bearing wastewaters by adsorption technique using sugar industry wastes. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 7 (3), 72-75.Title: Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control FederationFull Journal Title: Sewage and Industrial Wastes (1928-1949, Vols. 1-31)Full Journal Title: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation (1960-1989, Vols. 32-61)Full Journal Title: Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation (1989-1991, Vols. 61-63)Full Journal Title: Water Environment Research (1992-2002, Vols. 64-74)Full Journal Title: Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control FederationISO Abbreviated Title: Res. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed.JCR Abbreviated Title: J Water Pollut Con FedISSN: 1047-7624Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: EnglishPublisher: Water Environment Federation, AlexandriaPublisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Huang, C.P. and Vane, L.M. (1989), Enhancing As5+ removal by a Fe2+-treated activated carbon. Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 61 (9), 1596-1603.Full Text: 1989\Res J Wat Pol Con Fed61, 1596.pdfAbstract: The effectiveness of pretreating an activated car bon with iron-salt solution to improve its arsenic removal capacity was studied. Various factors such as type and concentration of salt, pH, and treating time were thoroughly investigated for their effects on the improvement of removal capacity. An effort was made to identify the optimal pretreatment conditions. A ten-fold increase, over the untreated activated carbon, in removal can be achieved under the optimal pretreatment procedure. The en hancement in removal by treatment occurs by adsorption of ferrous ions and formation of arsenate complexes. Ferrous salts can also be used to regenerate the activated carbon. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 61, 1596 (1989).Keywords: Arsenic, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Regen Eration? Bhargava, D.S. and Killedar, D.J. (1991), Batch studies of water defluoridation using fishbone charcoal. Research Journal of Water Pollution Control Federal, 63 (6), 848-858.Full Text: 1991\Res J Wat Pol Con Fed63, 848.pdfAbstract: Fishbone charcoal adsorbs fluoride from aqueous solutions. In this study, the effect of variables such as the contact time, size of the adsorbent, initial solute concentration, pH, and dose of adsorbent on the fluoride adsorption by the fishbone charcoal in a batch system is investigated. Related relationships between variables evolved. The amount of fluoride adsorbed per g of adsorbent increased with increase in initial fluoride concentration for a given particle size. Fluoride removal was found to be a function of pH and time. An empirical relationship is obtained to predict the fraction of fluoride remaining in solution at any time and pH. Another empirical relationship has been attempted to estimate the percentage of fluoride removal at any time for known values of the adsorbent dose and the initial solute concentration under the observed simulated field test conditions. The equilibrium fluoride con centration decreased with increasing adsorbent doses at any given initial solute concentration. Further, the observed equilibrium concentration and the fluoride adsorption capacity (expressed as the amount of fluoride adsorbed per unit weight of fishbone charcoal) poorly correlated in Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A linear relationship between these parameters has evolved. Res. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 63, 848 (1991).Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Fluoride, Isotherms, Modeling, pH.Chen, W.Y., Anderson, P.R. and Holsen, T.M. (1991), Recovery and recycle of metals from wastewater with a magnetite-based adsorption process. Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 63 (7), 958-964.Full Text: Res J Wat Pol Con Fed63, .pdfAbstract: The ability to remove and recover soluble Cr(VI) and Zn through an adsorption and magnetic removal process was evaluated. A composite adsorbent was prepared for the process by precipitating ferrihydrite onto magnetite. One complete treatment cycle involved an adsorption step, magnetic removal and transfer of the solid to a desorption step, and return of the solid adsorbent to a new adsorption step. Metal removal and recovery were good (> 90%) through one adsorption/desorption cycle but decreased in subsequent cycles. The decline in process performance was due to an accumulation on the solid of adsorbed metal, which was only slowly reversible.Keywords: Adsorption, Chromium, Desorption, Ferrihydrite, Iron Oxide, Magnetic Separation, Magnetite, Zinc, Filtration, DesorptionTitle: Research in MicrobiologyFormerly known as Annales de l’Institut Pasteur. MicrobiologieFull Journal Title: Research in MicrobiologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0923-2508Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: EnglishPublisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact FactorGlombitza, F., Eckhart, L. and Hummel, A. (1997), Fundamentals of the application of biosorption to the separation of uranium from mining drainage waters. Research in Microbiology, 148 (6), 517-518.Full Text: R\Res Mic148, 517.pdf? Coates, J.D., Chakraborty, R. and McInerney, M.J. (2002), Anaerobic benzene biodegradation - a new era. Research in Microbiology, 153 (10), 621-628.Full Text: 2002\Res Mic153, 621.pdfAbstract: Benzene is biodegraded in the absence of oxygen under a variety of terminal electron-accepting conditions. However, the mechanism by which anaerobic benzene degradation occurs is unclear. Phenol and benzoate have been consistently detected as intermediates of anaerobic benzene degradation, suggesting that the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol is one of the initial steps in anaerobic benzene degradation. The conversion of phenol to benzoate could then occur by the carboxylation of phenol to form 4-hydroxybenzoate followed by the reductive removal of the hydroxyl group to form benzoate. C-13-Labeling studies suggest that the carboxyl carbon of benzoate is derived from one of the carbons of benzene. Although the fumarate addition reaction is commonly used to activate many hydrocarbons for anaerobic degradation, the large activation energy required to remove hydrogen from the benzene ring argues against such an approach for anaerobic benzene metabolism. The alkylation of benzene to toluene has been detected in several mammalian tissues, and offers an interesting alternate hypothesis for anaerobic benzene degradation in microbial systems. In support of this, anaerobic benzene degradation by Dechloromonas strain RCB, the only known species to degrade benzene in the absence of oxygen, is stimulated by the addition of vitamin B-12 and inhibited by the addition of propyl iodide which is consistent with the involvement of a corrinoid enzymatic step. Alkylation of benzene to toluene is also consistent with labeling data that suggests that the carboxyl carbon of benzoate is derived from one of the benzene carbons. However, it is difficult to envision how phenol would be formed if benzene is alkylated to toluene. As such, it is possible that diverse mechanisms for anaerobic benzene degradation may be operative in different anaerobic microorganisms. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.Keywords: Benzene, Biodegradation, Anaerobic Microorganisms, Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium, Benzoyl-Coa Reductase, Polynuclear Aromatic-Hydrocarbons, Petroleum-Contaminated Aquifers, Desulfovibrio-Desulfuricans Ls, Denitrifying Bacterium, Enrichment Culture, Thauera-Aromatica, Rhodopseudomonas-Palustris, Carcinogenic Activity? Tempest, D. (2008), The development of microbiology and the Institut Pasteur: An historical bibliometric analysis. Research in Microbiology, 159 (1), 27-30.Full Text: 2008\Res Mic159, 27.pdfKeywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Development, MicrobiologyTitle: Research in Nursing & HealthFull Journal Title: Research in Nursing & HealthISO Abbreviated Title: Res. Nurs. HealthJCR Abbreviated Title: Res Nurs HealthISSN: 0160-6891Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: United StatesLanguage: EnglishPublisher: John Wiley & Sons IncPublisher Address: 605 Third Ave, New York, NY 10158-0012Subject Categories: Health Care Sciences & Services: Impact Factor? Foreman, M.D. and Kirchhoff, K.T. (1987), Accuracy of references in nursing journals. Research in Nursing & Health, 10 (3), 177-183.Full Text: 1987\Res Nur Hea10, 177.pdfAbstract: The purpose of this study was to quantify and classify errors in reference lists of randomly selected, recently published issues of nursing journals (n = 17) and to assess whether these errors prevented retrieval of the cited documents. Randomly selected references, 65 from clinical journals and 47 from non-clinical journals, were compared to the original sources for accuracy. Errors were classified as minor (not preventing retrieval) and major (preventing retrieval). Errors occurred more frequently in references in clinical journals, 38.4% of those reviewed, as compared to 21.3% in of non-clinical journals. Additionally, 4.6% of the clinical references contained major errors, but no major errors were located in references from the non-clinical journals. These findings have implications for all readers.? Anderson, K.L. (1995), The effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary-disease on quality-of-life. Research in Nursing & Health, 18 (6), 547-556.Full Text: 1995\Res Nur Hea18, 647.pdfAbstract: Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) theory of stress, coping, and adaptation served as the framework for a path model of quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was hypothesized that psychosocial variables (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, optimism, and social support) would mediate the effects of demographic (age, socioeconomic status) and disease (dyspnea, disease severity, and functional status) variables on life quality in COPD. Interview, pulmonary function, and 6-minute walk test data obtained from 126 subjects with COPD resulted in support for the majority of the hypothesized relationships. Variables having direct effects on life quality were self-esteem, depression, social support, and age. Anxiety and optimism did not have their hypothesized effects on quality of life, suggesting the need to reconsider their importance in influencing life quality in COPD. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, inc.Keywords: Sickness Impact Profile, Health-Status Measure, Chronic-Bronchitis, Psychometric Properties, Social Support, Lung-Disease, Emphysema, Symptoms, Rehabilitation, Depression? Baggs, J.G. (2008), Issues and rules for authors concerning authorship versus acknowledgements, dual publication, self plagiarism, and salami publishing. Research in Nursing & Health, 31 (4), 295-297.Full Text: 2008\Res Nur Hea31, 295.pdfKeywords: Authorship, Plagiarism, Publication, Self-PlagiarismTitle: Research Papers in EducationFull Journal Title: Research Papers in EducationISO Abbreviated JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Bates, R. (2002), The impact of educational research: Alternative methodologies and conclusions. Research Papers in Education, 17 (4), 403-408.Abstract: Recent controversy regarding the nature, organization and impact of educational research in the UK (Hargreaves, 1996; 1997; 1999; Hammersley, 1997; Tooley, 1998; Hillage et al., 2000; Ball, 2001) seems to devote little attention to research on the impact of educational research. This paper examines a recent Australian report (The Impact of Educational Research, DETYA, 2000) in terms of both its conclusions and its methodologies. It suggests that the impact of educational research on both policy and practice is often complex and indirect rather than linear and straightforward and that the methodologies employed in assessing such impact need to be similarly complex. Moreover, it would appear that this particular research supports Atkinson’s (2000) contention that the ways in which educational research is typically produced and utilized is as part of a complex conversation about a diversity of purposes, effects and judgements rather than a more technically oriented implementation of ‘what works’.Keywords: Education Research, Australia Research, Research Policy, Research Impact, Research PracticeTitle: Research PolicyFull Journal Title: Research Policy, Research PolicyISO Abbreviated Title: Res. PolicyJCR Abbreviated Title: Res PolicyISSN: 0048-7333Issues/Year: 9Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Science BVPublisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Management: Impact Factor 1.286, 13/61 (2001); Impact Factor 1.631, 11/65 (2002) SSCIPlanning & Development: Impact Factor 1.286, 3/37 (2001); Impact Factor 1.631, 1/37 (2002) SSCIKoenig, M.E.D. (1983), A bibliometric analysis of pharmaceutical research. Research Policy, 12 (1), 15-36.Full Text: R\Res Pol12, 15.pdfAbstract: This study examines pharmaceutical research from a bibliometric perspective. It finds that there are bibliometric correlates of successful pharmaceutical research, in particular, the number and proportion of star (highly cited) clinical medical articles. The research also reveals that pharmaceutical company research reported in basic biomedical research journals is very highly cited, on a par with NIH supported medical school research. The policy implications of this are discussed. In addition, the pharmaceutical output (approved new drugs)/input (R&D budget) measures developed permit a ranking and characterization of the research performance of 24 major pharmaceutical companies.? Martin, B.R. and Irvine, J. (1983), Assessing basic research: Some partial indicators of scientific progress in radio astronomy. Research Policy, 12 (2), 61-90.Full Text: 1983\Res Pol12, 61.pdfAbstract: As the costs of certain types of scientific research have escalated and as growth rates in overall national science budgets have declined, so the need for an explicit science policy has grown more urgent. In order to establish priorities between research groups competing for scarce funds, one of the most important pieces of information needed by science policy-makers is an assessment of those groups’ recent scientific performance. This paper suggests a method for evaluating that performance.After reviewing the literature on scientific assessment, we argue that, while there are no simple measures of the contributions to scientific knowledge made by scientists, there are a number of ‘partial indicators’ — that is, variables determined partly by the magnitude of the particular contributions, and partly by ‘other factors’. If the partial indicators are to yield reliable results, then the influence of these ‘other factors’ must be minimised. This is the aim of the method of ‘converging partial indicators’ proposed in this paper. We argue that the method overcomes many of the problems encountered in previous work on scientific assessment by incorporating the following elements: (1) the indicators are applied to research groups rather than individual scientists; (2) the indicators based on citations are seen as reflecting the impact, rather than the quality or importance, of the research work; (3) a range of indicators are employed, each of which focusses on different aspects of a group’s performance; (4) the indicators are applied to matched groups, comparing ‘like’ with ‘like’ as far as possible; (5) because of the imperfect or partial nature of the indicators, only in those cases where they yield convergent results can it be assumed that the influence of the ‘other factors’ has been kept relatively small (i.e. the matching of the groups has been largely successful), and that the indicators therefore provide a reasonably reliable estimate of the contribution to scientific progress made by different research groups.In an empirical study of four radio astronomy observatories, the method of converging partial indicators is tested, and several of the indicators (publications per researcher, citations per paper, numbers of highly cited papers, and peer evaluation) are found to give fairly consistent results. The results are of relevance to two questions: (a) can basic research be assessed? (b) more specifically, can significant differences in the research performance of radio astronomy centres be identified? We would maintain that the evidence presented in this paper is sufficient to justify a positive answer to both these questions, and hence to show that the method of converging partial indicators can yield information useful to science policy-makers.Notes: highly citedMoed, H.F., Burger, W.J.M., Frankfort, J.G. and Vanraan, A.F.J. (1985), The use of bibliometric data for the measurement of university research performance. Research Policy, 14 (3), 131-149.Full Text: R\Res Pol14, 131.pdfAbstract: In this paper we present the results of a study on the potentialities of ‘bibliometric’ (publication and citation) data as tools for university research policy. In this study bibliometric indicators were calculated for all research groups in the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Leiden. Bibliometric results were discussed with a number of researchers from the two faculties involved.Our main conclusion is that the use of bibliometric data for evaluation purposes carries a number of problems, both with respect to data collection and handling, and with respect to the interpretation of bibliometric results. However, most of these problems can be overcome. When used properly, bibliometric indicators can provide a ‘monitoring device’ for university research-management and science policy. They enable research policy-makers to ask relevant questions of researchers on their scientific performance, in order to find explanations of the bibliometric results in terms of factors relevant to policy.Irvine, J., Martin, B.R., Abraham, J. and Peacock, T. (1987), Assessing basic research: Reappraisal and update of an evaluation of four radio astronomy observatories. Research Policy, 16 (2-4), 213-227.Full Text: R\Res Pol16, 213.pdfAbstract: This paper critically reassesses the results of a previous evaluation of the research performance of four radio astronomy observatories over the period 1969–1978, completed by two of the authors in 1980. At the same time, the evaluation is updated by presenting bibliometric (publication and citation) data for the subsequent five-year period 1979–1983. While application of a more developed evaluation methodology is shown not to alter significantly the conclusions arrived at in the earlier study, there is evidence that the relative research performance of the four observatories has changed significantly since 1978.Collins, P. and Wyatt, S. (1988), Citations in patents to the basic research literature. Research Policy, 17 (2), 65-74.Full Text: R\Res Pol17, 65.pdfAbstract: This paper reports a bibliometric technique developed in the context of a largely quantitative analysis of national performance in basic research. It exploits the fact that, in some fields, patents contain citations to the basic research literature. This allows one to investigate the impact of that literature on the community of scientists and engineers who write or examine patents, just as conventional citation analysis gives insight to the impact of journal papers on the community of researchers who write papers in journals.The disciplinary focus of this paper is genetics. We describe the history of patenting in genetics and discuss the methodological and cognitive aspects of studying patent citations, before detailing the results of our analysis of 366 genetics patents in the US patent system granted during 1980–1985.The technique can be used to address a variety of issues in science and technology policy and in social studies of science. The context of our study led us to focus on its use in evaluation of national performance in basic research. Our results proved to be compatible with those we obtained by other bibliometric techniques.Narin, F. and Rozek, R.P. (1988), Bibliometric analysis of U.S. pharmaceutical industry research performance. Research Policy, 17 (3), 139-154.Full Text: R\Res Pol17, 139.pdfAbstract: The size, nature, and quality of the publications authored by scientists employed at firms in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry are measured from 1973 through 1982 using the SCI and BID-MEDLINE databases. During this period, these industry scientists published over 15,000 papers and 6,000 meeting abstracts (fractional counts). These papers constitute approximately 1.5 percent of all U.S. authored papers in the SCI database each year. The nature of the industry’s contribution in the biomedical area is measured on a basic-clinical scale. Industry biomedical papers are, on average, more basic than those published by scientists in major medical schools, hospitals, and clinics; but more clinical than papers published by scientists at major universities. Finally, the quality of the industry biomedical papers is measured in terms of their citations in other scientific papers. The industry papers are more frequently cited than non-NIH U.S. papers, but less frequently cited than NIH-supported papers. This analysis confirms that the U.S. pharmaceutical industry produces quality research and plays an important role in scientific progress.Frame, J.D. and Narin, F. (1988), The national self-preoccupation of American scientists: An empirical view. Research Policy, 17 (4), 203-212.Full Text: R\Res Pol17, 203.pdfAbstract: Historical factors, coupled with indigenous talent, made the United States the world’s leading scientific power by the end of World War II. In the post-war years, it appears that American scientists may have been overly self-preoccupied, ignoring the research efforts of their foreign colleagues. Today, at a time when: (1) U.S. scientific strength is decreasing in relation to the scientific capacity of the rest of the world; (2) resource constraints are impinging upon U.S. scientific performance; and (3) a ‘shrinking’ earth is leading to increased global interdependency, the question of American self-preoccupation in science acquires special poignancy. The extent of American scientific self-preoccupation is not known precisely. Bibliometric indicators suggest that American scientists may not be inordinately self-preoccupied. Citation counts indicate that American self-references in the scientific literature are not dramatically excessive in view of the large size of the American research effort, and coauthorship counts show a doubling between 1973 and 1984 of the proportion of U.S. scientific papers that have foreign coauthors.Van Vianen, B.G., Moed, H.F. and Van Raan, A.F.J. (1990), An exploration of the science base of recent technology. Research Policy, 19 (1), 61-81.Full Text: R\Res Pol19, 61.pdfAbstract: This paper presents the results of a first approach to study the science base of recent technological developments. Using the references in U.S. patents given to scientific literature (by patent examiners), we explore the possibility of identifying this science base. These ‘citation linkages’ between science and technology are studied for two datasets: all 1985 U.S. patents (worldwide invented) in the fields of chemical technology and pharmaceuticals; and all Dutch (Netherlands)-invented U.S. patents for all fields of technology, for the period 1982–1985. With this latter dataset, we focus on differences in science-base characteristics between two major technological fields: chemical technology and electrical/electronics technology.After the analysis of some basic characteristics of the cited scientific literature, first approaches to the development of several types of science-base indicators are presented. The problem of calculation of the activity index for small to medium-sized countries is signalled and a remedy is proposed and applied.With help of age distributions of patent references to scientific literature and the number of these references per patent, interesting differences between countries have been found. Comparison of the Netherlands and other countries reveals some first indications of the position of the Netherlands in recent chemical technology. We also investigated the distribution of references to journals for different product groups. References are widely spread among journals. No clear field- or product-specific clusters of journals have been identified, although some journals show ‘core-like’ properties. Furthermore, the distribution of the number of references per patent is found to be highly skewed.We conclude that the analysis of examiner-given references has yielded interesting results, but that the analysis of inventor-given references is a necessary further step in the study of the science base of technological developments.Gómez, I., Sanz, E. and Méndez, A. (1990), Utility of bibliometric analysis for research policy: A case study of Spanish research in neuroscience. Research Policy, 19 (5), 457-466.Full Text: R\Res Pol19, 457.pdfAbstract: A bibliometric analysis of the Spanish publications devoted to the nervous system, as covered by the database BIOSIS Previews during the years 1983–1986, has been performed. An attempt has been made to obtain bibliometric indicators that enlighten the peculiar features of this research subfield in Spain, and that are able to be used for science policy decisions. From a managerial point of view the main issues approached have shown the differences entangled with a narrow or a broad subfield definition; the uneven research effort distribution inside the country with a sharp contrast among the few active regions and a lack of research in others; the identification of the institutions in which this research is performed, their productivity, dynamics and visibility at international level; and the broad scattering of research teams working in a variety of laboratories inside the institutions. The study concludes that any funding policy aimed at promoting the development of neuroscience has to choose between ‘centres of excellence’ and multiple research points more homogeneously distributed around the country. In any case, a science policy coordinated at different administrative and institutional levels would be desirable to attain the regular development of research lines, thus avoiding disperse and isolated research efforts.Englisch, H. and Czerwon, H.J. (1990), Quantification of the performance of research units: A simple mathematical model. Research Policy, 19 (5), 477-480.Full Text: R\Res Pol19, 477.pdfAbstract: In the present study a formal model is proposed to quantify the performance of research units. A system of coupled linear equations is derived in which ‘objective’ (bibliometric) indicators as well as peer rating are taken into account, i.e. this approach involves the combined use of several indicators, each reflecting a different aspect of recognition by the scientific community. To overcome the dichotomy of bibliometric measures versus peer review, the weighting factors of peer-rating parameters include in a self-consistent way all other evaluation parameters.Frumau, C.C.F. (1992), Choices in R&D and business portfolio in the electronics industry: What the bibliometric data show. Research Policy, 21 (2), 97-124.Full Text: R\Res Pol21, 97.pdfAbstract: This article explores the correlations between R&D expenditures, R&D output and business activity, based on bibliometric data. R&D expenditures as percentage of revenue of a diversified company should be analysed in relation to its business portfolio and its generic strategy. The increase in R&D of Japanese companies should therefore also be seen in the light of their shift to the information business (in addition to their well-known emphasis on consumer activities) and the shift from low-cost to differentiation strategies. The R&D portfolio is analysed in terms of patents and articles, which jointly show a high correlation with R&D expenditures. Both the business and R&D activities are allocated to six distinct categories which show a high correlation with each other.? Gambardella, A. (1992), Competitive advantages from in-house scientific-research - the United-States pharmaceutical-industry in the 1980S. Research Policy, 21 (5), 391-407.Full Text: 1992\Res Pol21, 391.pdfAbstract: The public nature of science may lead to the simplistic conclusion that firms can at no cost avail of the scientific knowledge generated by academia or other non-profit institutions. This paper offers empirical evidence that in-house scientific research raises the ability of the firms to take advantage of “public” science. Case studies of a few large US drug manufacturers show that firms with better in-house scientific research programs have exploited more effectively outside scientific information. Statistical analysis reinforces this conclusion. Using data on the 14 largest US-based drug manufacturers between 1973 and 1986, I find that company patents are positively correlated with the scientific publications of the firms even after controlling for the scale of R&D.Keywords: Analysis, Cost, Data, Drug, Evidence, Information, Institutions, Knowledge, Lead, Patents, Public, Publications, Research, Scale, Science, Scientific Information, Scientific Publications, Scientific Research, United States, USPeters, H.P.F. and van Raan, A.F.J. (1993), Co-word-based science maps of chemical engineering. Part I: Representations by direct multidimensional scaling. Research Policy, 22 (1), 23-45.Full Text: R\Res Pol22, 23.pdfAbstract: In this paper we present the results of the first part of our study on science mapping. We discuss a new approach to co-word analysis in order to solve or to circumvent some of the problems mentioned in the earlier literature. The mapping technique is based on a ‘direct’ application to the word co-occurrence data matrix of multidimensional scaling. The subject area of our co-word mapping approach is chemical engineering. We have chosen this field of scientific research because we found it tempting to bibliometrically map such a large, rather multidisciplinary and economically important field. Furthermore, it is important to assess bibliometric methods and techniques not only for basic research fields, but also for the more applied and engineering fields.We discuss maps based on three different datasets (top-journals, top-scientists, and a conference). Furthermore, we discuss the differences between maps based on title- and on abstract-words. Moreover, we experiment with different relational indices to obtain optimal contrasts between interesting and not-interesting features. We explore the possibilities to visualize changes over time in one display. An important part of the work is the evaluation of the maps by an extensive expert judgement.? Peters, H.P.F. and Vanraan, A.F.J. (1993), Co-word-based science maps of chemical-engineering. Part II: Representations by combined clustering and multidimensional-scaling. Research Policy, 22 (1), 47-71.Full Text: 1993\Res Pol22, 47.pdfAbstract: In this paper we present the results of the second part of our study on science mapping. We discuss an improvement of co-word analysis based on a combination of a clustering technique applied to the word co-occurrence data matrix and multidimensional scaling of the resulting word-clusters. As in the first of our study, we construct journal-based, author-based, and conference-based co-word maps of chemical engineering. We apply word-similarity analysis to compare these different maps, using the views of the experts (as discussed in part 1) as a frame of reference. Next, we apply word-similarity analysis to compare maps from subsequent periods of time, in order to identify developments over time. An important improvement in the practical applicability of our maps is attained by labelling the co-word clusters with data on journals, classification codes, authors and countries. Finally, we compare our author-based co-word maps with a “hybrid” author-keyword map and with a co-author map. Important developments in chemical engineering are indeed visualized by our mapping techniques. The usefulness of the various types of maps is strongly related with the questions one wants to answer.Keywords: Classification, Clustering, Co-Author, Co-Occurrence, Co-Word, Co-Word Analysis, Engineering, Journals, Mapping, Scaling, Science, TechniquesNederhof, A.J. and van Raan, A.F.J. (1993), A bibliometric analysis of six economics research groups: A comparison with peer review. Research Policy, 22 (4), 353-368.Full Text: R\Res Pol22, 353.pdfAbstract: The research performance of research units in economics has been evaluated by simultaneous efforts of peers and bibliometricians, with extensive interactive comparison of results afterwards. We studied trends in productivity and impact of six economics research groups in the period 1980–1988. These groups participate in a large (above one million pounds) research programme of a national Research Council. Research performance of the groups was compared to the world average by means of the Journal Citation Score method. In order to investigate the influence of one key scientists (the ‘star effect’) we applied a sensitivity analysis to the performance of the research groups by elimination of the papers (and subsequent citations) of one key member. Furthermore, to provide insight into the fields to which a group directs its work, and the fields in which a group has its most important contributions, comparisons were made of publishing and citing journal packets. Similarly, citations to the work of the research groups were analysed for country of origin. We compared the results of the bibliometric part of this study with those of a simultaneous peer review study. The bibliometric study yielded clear and meaningful results, notwithstanding the increasingly applied nature of the research groups. Results from peer review and bibliometric studies appear to be complementary and mutually supportive.The participants of the bibliometrics-peer review ‘confrontation’ meeting regarded the exercise as most valuable, with lessons for the Research Council both for the future of research programmes and the form of evaluation used for large awards.? Engelsman, E.C. and Vanraan, A.F.J. (1994), A patent-based cartography of technology. Research Policy, 23 (1), 1-26.Full Text: 1994\Res Pol23, 1.pdfAbstract: We use bibliometric (in particular patent-based) methods and techniques to develop a cartography of technology. Two types of maps are presented: co-word maps and co-classification maps. Both types of maps have been constructed for the entire domain of technology (the macro-level), i.e. the ensemble of all fields of technology in their mutual relations. Time series clearly illustrates the changing relations between the major clusters of technology, and in particular the changing role of fields which act as a “bridge” between clusters, or as a (declining or emerging) centre of technological activities within a specific cluster. Maps visualize relations between fields of technology. In order to have measures of the relative strength of these relations, we develop the concept of affinity between fields. A special feature of our macro-maps concerns the role of Japan in technology. A second hierarchical level is the combination of several fields of technology (meso-level). As an example we constructed a co-word map for the emerging “crossroad” technology optomechatronics based on patents as well as on scientific publications. In this way, optomechatronics is mapped from a technological point of view, and from a research point of view. The third hierarchical level concerns one specific field of technology (micro-level). Co-word maps have been constructed for the technology fields coating and crystal growing, optical equipment, and building materials. An important aspect of the map is the possibility to identify centers of activity within a specifically defined field of technology. These centers of activity may indicate important innovative developments, or they may reflect important markets. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of “technological peripheries”: for a specific technology field one may identify the direct “surroundings”; i.e. the most strongly linked fields. Also, first attempts are made to map the “science and technology interface” by a specific combination of publication and patent data. Our general conclusion is that the mapping methods and techniques presented in this publication already offer a unique way to visualize developments in fields of technology, and within technology as a whole. We emphasize that our technology maps are intended as a support tool, and never as a replacement of experts.Keywords: Bibliometric, Co-Word, Mapping, Methods, Patent, Patents, Publication, Publications, Research, Science, Science and Technology, Scientific Publications, Techniques, TechnologyLeydesdorff, L., Cozzens, S. and Vandenbesselaar, P. (1994), Tracking areas of strategic importance using scientometric journal mappings. Research Policy, 23 (2), 217-229.Full Text: R\Res Pol23, 217.pdfAbstract: In science policy, it is often important to track emerging developments: new fields, fast-changing areas that are the focus of special funding efforts, or areas of growth or decline. This article presents methods to produce literature- based indicators for such areas using journal-to-journal citations. Using case studies of AIDS, superconductivity, and oncogenes, we posit that the inclusion of a new journal can be used as an indicator of structural change if the addition indicates the emergence of a new journal category. Using the cases of robotics and artificial intelligence, we illustrate the development of areas chosen for priority funding. Again using artificial intelligence, we demonstrate the importance of constructing even such simple measures of scientific performance as publication counts using dynamic rather than constant journal sets. Change in performance within a subfield can be systematically distinguished from change in the delineations among subfields over time.Keywords: Information-Theory, Co-Citations, Science, NetworkPatel, P. and Pavitt, K. (1994), The continuing, widespread (and neglected) importance of improvements in mechanical technologies. Research Policy, 23 (5), 533-545.Full Text: R\Res Pol23, 533.pdfAbstract: Rosenberg’s historical analyses of the varying sources and directions of technological change are confirmed by contemporary bibliometric data, in particular: (1) the growth of science-based technologies developed mainly in the R&D laboratories of large firms; (2) more pervasive improvements in production methods based on mechanical technology. The considerable importance of the latter has persisted well into the late twentieth century, but has been neglected in analysis and policy. Greater attention, in particular, should be paid to: - more refined measures of technological activities than R&D classified by large firms’ principal product groups; - the cumulative and complementary (rather than displacing and competitive) nature of successive ‘technological paradigms’; - the central role of mechanical, instrumentation and software technologies in the decentralised and continuous improvements in products and production methods.Keywords: Bibliometric, Innovation, ScienceFransman, M. and Tanaka, S. (1995), Government, globalization, and universities in Japanese biotechnology. Research Policy, 24 (1), 13-49.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 13.pdfAbstract: This paper is concerned with three questions: What role has the Japanese Government played in strengthening the technological base of Japanese companies through cooperative research in biotechnology? How important are Japanese Universities for Japanese companies involved in biotechnology? How has the Japanese Government responded in the area of biotechnology to the increased ‘globalisation’ (opening) of the Japanese innovation system? All these questions have direct bearing on the renewed debates taking place on the role that Governments should play in attempting to facilitate increased competitiveness and growth.Jacobsson, S. and Oskarsson, C. (1995), Educational statistics as an indicator of technological activity. Research Policy, 24 (1), 127-136.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 127.pdfAbstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce a new indicator of technological activity, educational statistics. A set of important phenomena can be described and analysed with the help of this indicator. These include the diffusion of a new generic technology through an economy and the evolution of the technology base of firms and industries. The usefulness of this indicator is illustrated with a few empirical examples drawing mainly from the electronics field.Keywords: Diversification Strategy, Entropy MeasureAldrich, H.E. and Sasaki, T. (1995), R&D consortia in the United States and Japan. Research Policy, 24 (2), 301-316.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 301.pdfAbstract: US and Japanese public policy toward inter-organizational arrangements for R&D between competitors has changed over the past few decades, and different national approaches to industrial policy have produced different R&D arrangements in each nation. We focus on Technology Research Associations (TRAs) in Japan that were registered under the 1961 Act on Mining and Manufacturing Industry, and R&D consortia in the US that were registered under the 1984 National Cooperative Research Act. The same questionnaire was administered to 39 consortia managers in the US and 54 in Japan, focusing on issues of governance and administration. We show that consortia in Japan and the US have made very different choices about how they will conduct research. Almost nine out of ten Japanese consortia conduct research in member firms, compared with a little over four out of ten US consortia. Japanese consortia focus on a narrower range of R&D activities than do US consortia, with Japanese consortia completely avoiding university-based R&D. Japanese consortia depend heavily on government funds for their support, whereas US consortia depend mostly on member dues. Unlike the US, national institutional support appears to provide a strong central source for the diffusion of knowledge about the effect of different forms of consortia throughout Japan.Keywords: InnovationQuintas, P. and Guy, K. (1995), Collaborative, pre-competitive R&D and the firm. Research Policy, 24 (3), 325-348.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 325.pdfAbstract: Governments in many countries have supported programmes of collaborative, pre-competitive R&D in enabling or generic technologies. The paper is based on 6 years of research into the UK Alvey advanced information technology (IT) programme, augmented by research on the Swedish IT4 programme. Our focus is the relationship between pre-competitive, collaborative R&D and wider firm strategies and processes. The underlying premises of the paper are that the benefits of pre-competitive R&D are long-term rather than short-term, systemic rather than discrete, and accessible only through analysis of processes rather than by counting outputs or calculating return on investment. The research provides insights into the strategies and mechanisms of firms’ participation, modes of collaboration, and the processes of technology transfer, knowledge assimilation and application within a firm.Keywords: Technological Innovation, Public-PolicyLuukkonen, T. (1995), The impacts of research field evaluations on research practice. Research Policy, 24 (3), 349-365.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 349.pdfAbstract: This paper surveys the impacts on the direction of research and scientists’ working and publishing habits of a particular type of research policy initiative, research field evaluations commissioned by Research Councils in four Nordic countries. The data are based on interviews with approximately 90 scientists and scholars who had been subject to evaluation. The paper draws attention to differences of impacts between fields according to their type (disciplinary versus hybrid fields). A major finding is that the impacts were minimal. Nevertheless, the evaluated scientists had a positive view of the usefulness of the evaluations. They emphasized the value of the evaluations for the allocation of funds and for ‘keeping science straight’ by internal quality control. The paper highlights that these evaluations had multiple purposes and uses. It finishes with some overall conclusions of the impacts of these evaluations from the point of view of both the Research Councils and the evaluated scientists.Tripsas, M., Schrader, S. and Sobrero, M. (1995), Discouraging opportunistic behavior in collaborative R&D: A new role for government. Research Policy, 24 (3), 367-389.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 367.pdfAbstract: The traditional role attributed to government in collaborative R&D has been one of funding. This paper explores a new role for government in facilitating collaborative R&D, one of discouraging opportunistic behavior. Given the nature of R&D, concerns about opportunistic behavior can serve as a major barrier to the formation and effective operation of collaborative R&D. Using a transaction cost framework, we identify mechanisms by which the government can help to discourage such behavior. Specifically, we examine the Italian Societa di Ricerca program where the government appears to be performing this role.Our findings demonstrate that not only can government help to control opportunistic behavior in collaborative R&D, but firms recognize and value that role. Overall, Italian firms participating in a Societa di Ricerca valued government assistance in establishing long-term relationships and facilitating networking as much as they valued funding. In addition, whether or not a firm had prior experience in collaborative R&D affected its valuation of government involvement. Firms with prior to experience in collaborations placed less value on government frameworks for cooperation, implying that they had learned to manage some ex-ante considerations on their own. Ex-post opportunism, however, was still a concern, and thus experienced firms continued to value government’s contributions in this area.Keywords: Joint Ventures, Development Cooperation, Biotechnology Industry, Innovation, Firms, Exchange, Policy, ModelGómez, I., Fernández, M.T., Zulueta, M.A. and Camí, J. (1995), Analysis of biomedical research in Spain. Research Policy, 24 (3), 459-471.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 459.pdfAbstract: Production in Spanish biomedical main-stream science in the years 1986-1989 was studied. A series of bibliometric and socioeconomic indicators were applied to determine the geographical distribution, the institutions involved and the most active centres per speciality using their scientific output, their impact and their basic-clinical type of research. A great heterogeneity was observed between the autonomous communities, with Madrid and Cataluna being in an outstanding position. This bifocal centralization is stronger when the main-stream research output of hospitals is considered in contrast to the more homogenous distribution of hospital care. The consequences of these observations are discussed. The average level of the Spanish research output is basic; clinical papers are mostly published in national journals which are scarcely covered by the database used. This might be the reason for the non-correlation observed between research output per speciality and causes of mortality and morbidity. The indicators for each particular centre are compared with those of the whole of Spain for each speciality in order to find ‘centres of excellence’. The results of Spanish research are published in journals of a similar impact to those used by other European Union countries, although the number of citations received is much smaller, as has already been observed for other disciplines in Spain and peripheral countries.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Spanish Pharmacologists, SCI 1984-89, Publications, Performance, Country, ISINarin, F. and Breitzman, A. (1995), Inventive productivity. Research Policy, 24 (4), 507-519.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 507.pdfAbstract: The 1926 observation by Lotka that the number of highly productive scientists was a relatively small fraction of all scientists has been extended to patented technology. Specifically, Lotka observed that for every 100 scientists who produce one paper there are approximately 100/2(2), or 25, who produce two papers, 100/3(2), or 11, who produce three, etc., with only one scientist in the set who will produce ten papers. An investigation of the number of patents per inventor was carried out for four companies, two American and two Japanese, in the area of semiconductors. For all four cases a Lotka-like distribution was found, with a relatively small number of highly productive inventors with their names on ten or more patents, and a large number of inventors with their names on only one, and a general factor of ten difference in productivity between the most- and the least-productive inventors.Dalpé, R. and Anderson, F. (1995), National priorities in academic research-strategic research and contracts in renewable energies. Research Policy, 24 (4), 563-581.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 563.pdfAbstract: This paper analyses the implementation of strategic research programs and contracts on the development of solar and bioenergy research in Canada. Since the scientific community and institutions, such as funding agencies and universities, appear to be the two most important actors, each is studied through bibliometric indicators. Patents are added as an indicator of more applied and technology-related activities. By comparing the funds researchers received with their publications in solar and bioenergy, it becomes possible to chart the evolution of their output in order to assess whether or not a reorientation occurred. Strategic research is a good instrument to intensify research, while contracts seem more suitable for reorientation.Brown, M.A., Curlee, T.R. and Elliott, S.R. (1995), Evaluating technology innovation programs: The use of comparison groups to identify impacts. Research Policy, 24 (5), 669-684.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 669.pdfAbstract: This paper discusses the pros and cons of alternative comparison groups for evaluating technology innovation programs, and focuses specifically on the selection of a comparison group for the evaluation of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Energy-Related Inventions Program (ERIP). The pros and cons of five alternative comparison group options are discussed, including: inventor societies, innovation and incubator centers, patent holders, near-participants, and program referrals. Program referrals are selected as a suitable comparison group for evaluating the Energy-Related Inventions Program. Data collected on ERIP participants and referrals provide strong evidence that ERIP-supported technologies achieved their considerable commercial success, at least in part because of the support provided by the DOE. There are large differences between the program referrals and the ERIP participants in terms of several indicators of commercial success. For example, average dollar sales by ERIP participants are an order of magnitude greater than the program referral group. This paper illustrates that the simultaneous tracking of program participants and a matched comparison group can enhance the evaluation of technology innovation programs by helping to isolate the effects of the government program from the host of other factors that influence the commercialization of inventions.Keywords: GovernmentKostoff, R.N. (1995), Research requirements for research impact assessment. Research Policy, 24 (6), 869-882.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 869.pdfAbstract: This paper describes research required to advance the state of research impact assessment. Generic research requirements, such as certification, quality, motivation, and review frequency are discussed initially. Then, research requirements for retrospective methods (such as projects Hindsight and TRACES), qualitative methods (such as peer review), and quantitative methods (such as cost-benefit analysis and bibliometrics) are described.Herbertz, H. and Müller-Hill, B. (1995), Quality and efficiency of basic research in molecular biology: A bibliometric analysis of thirteen excellent research institutes. Research Policy, 24 (6), 959-979.Full Text: 1995\Res Pol24, 959.pdfAbstract: We try to assess, in a systematic and objective manner, the research performance of 13 research institutes active in the field of molecular biology. For this purpose we have counted the number of scientific publications and the number of citations received during a five-year period (1980-1984). We use citations per publication as an indicator of quality and costs per citation as an indicator of efficiency of research. Peer review seems to discourage uninteresting, i.e. not cited, research. Grant systems seem to work more efficiently than funding on a permanent institutional basis.Keywords: Alzheimers-Disease, Basic Research, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Citations, Costs, Funding, Molecular Biology, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Precursor, Protein, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Performance, Review, Scientific Cooperation, Scientific PublicationsLiker, J.K., Kamath, R.R., Wasti, S.N. and Nagamachi, M. (1996), Supplier involvement in automotive component design: Are there really large US Japan differences? Research Policy, 25 (1), 59-89.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 59.pdfAbstract: Typical descriptions of Japanese supplier management portray first-tier suppliers as partners in product development from the early concept stages of design, whereas US first-tier suppliers are provided detailed specifications and blueprints and build to print. This paper examines US/Japan differences in supplier involvement in design based on a 1993 survey of 143 Japanese and 189 US automotive component suppliers. The focus is on the relationships between Japanese component suppliers and their largest Japanese customers and between US component suppliers and their largest US customers. The data indicate US companies have levels of supplier involvement in product development rivaling Japanese companies. In both countries there is a high level of supplier involvement in product development from the early stages of design, particularly among suppliers of major subsystems, This high level of involvement in the design of competitively significant subsystems poses a challenge to the predictions of traditional transaction cost economics, Nor do theories that explain Japanese supplier involvement based on high levels of ‘trust’ provide adequate explanation. Rather, Japanese customers seem to rely on other forms of control - target prices, performance monitoring, competition, and mutual dependence to control suppliers entrusted with the design of complex subsystems. There is evidence that despite the early involvement of suppliers by US companies, they are still weak on some of the underlying business infrastructure and technical processes that contribute to the Japanese automakers’ success.Keywords: Vertical Integration, Automobile-Industry, Product Development, Transaction, Performance, System, CostsEisemon, T.O., Ionescu-Sisesti, I., Davis, C.H. and Gaillard, J. (1996), Reforming Romania’s national research system. Research Policy, 25 (1), 107-131.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 107.pdfAbstract: Romania’s attempted transition to a market economy is calling into question the role of its national research system, now in a state of near collapse. This paper analyzes changes in the organization and financing of research in Romania since 1989. Several partial reforms of the R & D system have been implemented, but the system is still neither affordable nor particularly effective. Solutions that provide effective linkages between the research system and new economic and social actors are proving elusive. To develop an internationally competitive market economy, the Government must find ways to encourage private R & D capacity and investment in industrial innovation. Systemic reforms are required to rationalize the public research establishment, establish infrastructure to support technology upgrading in small and medium enterprises, foster competition and accountability within branches of the national research system, and develop policy structures to guide R & D investments in the context of a turbulent transitional market economy.Keywords: Countries, ScienceRosenfeld, S.A. (1996), Does cooperation enhance competitiveness? Assessing the impacts of inter-firm collaboration. Research Policy, 25 (2), 247-263.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 247.pdfAbstract: Collaboration among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an emerging approach to industrial competitiveness. Since first noted in western Europe, governments agencies and private foundations have experimented with policies to stimulate and accelerate forms of inter-firm collaboration - commonly called manufacturing networks. The assumption behind such policies is that cooperative behavior will help SMEs firms compete, and therefore the goal is to alter the behavior of enterprises and to facilitate co-operation. These strategies are part of an emerging national effort to stimulate industrial modernization through a variety of interventions. State legislatures and government agencies being asked to invest in network initiatives want to know whether they are meeting their goals and what impacts they are having on their state, regional, and national economies. While investments small in scale, expectations are high. This article draws on two evaluations of network initiatives, one sponsored by a state and one by a private foundation, to discuss issues, methodologies, evidence of impacts, and challenges. The first evaluation requested by for the Oregon Economic Development Department, occurred at an early stage in the process and therefore was limited to the process and early industry responses. The second, requested by the Northwest Area Foundation, was over the 3-year grant period, and also included some measures of change among participating SMEs. Both, however, illustrate the difficulties in trying to attribute ‘bottom line’ changes in a business and economic changes in an economy to relatively small and indirect interventions, and the need for additional research on measures and methodologies.? Penan, H. (1996), R&D strategy in a techno-economic network: Alzheimer’s disease therapeutic strategies. Research Policy, 25 (3), 337-358.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 337.pdfAbstract: The last decades have witnessed the emergence of a plethora of knowledge and empirical analysis in the field of R&D strategy. During this time, the need to effectively allocate scarce resources within an unpredictable and, often, unfriendly scientific and technological environment has been recognized by most major industrial firms. Emerging interests of some practitioners and researchers have focused on the use of value based scientometrics analysis to evaluate the R&D strategies of firms. In this article, we used both articles co-citation analysis and patent co-word analysis to describe R&D strategies in the field of Alzheimer’s disease therapy. A mapping of competitive R&D portfolios is proposed: the representation of the Alzheimer’s disease techno-economic network captures relationships and dependencies between different companies and type of R&D solutions. Companies strategic partnering are partly decoded and main results outline the cumulative and incremental nature of R&D strategy within the network configuration.Keywords: Articles, Co-Citation, Co-Word, Co-Word Analysis, Cocitation Analysis, Environment, Intellectual Structure, Knowledge, Leximappe, Mapping, Patent, R&D, Researchers, Scientometrics, Solutions? Leydesdorff, L. and Gauthier, ?. (1996), The evaluation of national performance in selected priority areas using scientometric methods. Research Policy, 25 (3), 431-450.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 431.pdfAbstract: How effectively can ‘emerging’ science-based technologies be coupled to national R&D systems? Dutch and Canadian priority programs in biotechnology and advanced materials are analyzed in terms of differential increases in scientific output by using scientometric indicators and mappings. Methodological issues about using scientometric methods for science policy evaluations in the case of interdisciplinary and rapidly changing areas of ‘techno-science’ are discussed. The major finding of the paper is that Canadian researchers seem to have used the priority programs as an alternative source of funding, while their Dutch colleagues were able to use these programs to help their specialties grow above the national average, and in accordance with selected priorities. Thus, the results suggest that the national dimension has been more important for explaining differences in performance than the substantive specificity of the two priority areas.Keywords: Biotechnology, Collaboration, Evaluation, Funding, Indicators, Methods, Patterns, Priority Areas, R&D, Researchers, Science, Scientific Output, Scientometric IndicatorsBondi, H. (1996), Europe in space 1960-1973 - Krige, J., Russo, A. Research Policy, 25 (3), 479.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 479.pdfCollins, P. (1996), Research grants: Management and funding - Wood, F.Q., Meek, V.L. Research Policy, 25 (3), 479-480.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 479-480.pdfGodin, B. (1996), Research and the practice of publication in industries. Research Policy, 25 (4), 587-606.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 587.pdfAbstract: Industry publishes relatively few scientific papers. Consequently, it is usually believed that bibliometrics is not very well suited to measure industrial science. The present article tries to assess the usefulness of bibliometrics for measuring industrial scientific activities. 11,814 papers and 84,658 patents originating from 199 multinationals are statistically analyzed in order to understand (1) the importance of industrial publications, (2) the fields of science privileged, (3) the level of science useful to industry, and (4) the science-technology relationships.Torrisi, S. (1996), New technologies and the firm - Swann, P. Research Policy, 25 (4), 666-668.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 666.pdfSantarelli, E. and Piergiovanni, R. (1996), Analyzing literature-based innovation output indicators: The Italian experience. Research Policy, 25 (5), 689-711.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 689.pdfAbstract: This paper presents the results of a study on the product innovations introduced in the Italian market in 1989 and reported in a selected number of trade journals. The analysis of data collected by means of this literature-based counting procedure confirms that R&D oriented industries and large firms do not in Italy have a marked competitive advantage in innovation. The country appears to be instead characterized by a significant presence of consumer goods industries and small firms in innovation. Our data indicate a statistically significant association between trade competitiveness and strength in product innovation, and show the comparatively higher capacity for product innovation of some of the industries in which Italy achieves a positive performance in international trade, Moreover, the presence of spillovers at the regional level from both private and public R&D expenditures proves to be positively correlated with the development of product innovations. Finally, small firms with fewer than 50 employees appear to be more innovative than is usually believed to be the case.Keywords: Sectoral Patterns, Size, UKKumar, N. and Saqib, M. (1996), Firm size, opportunities for adaptation and in-house R&D activity in developing countries: The case of Indian manufacturing. Research Policy, 25 (5), 713-722.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 713.pdfAbstract: This paper employs Probit and Tobit models to analyse the determinants of probability of undertaking R&D activity and the intensity of R&D expenditures for a sample of 291 Indian manufacturing firms. The empirical findings suggest that the probability of undertaking R&D increases with the firm size only up to a certain level, while R&D intensity increases with it linearly. Competitive pressures, export-orientation and vertical integration influence the firms’ inclination to undertake R&D favourably. The technology imports-R&D relation is not dominated by either substitution or complementarity. Firms in chemicals and capital goods industries appear to attach greater importance to R&D because of opportunities available to them for adaptation.Keywords: Technological Effort, Enterprises, Imports, Profitability, Determinants, Innovation, Barriers, IndustrySternberg, R.G. (1996), Government R&D expenditure and space: Empirical evidence from five industrialized countries. Research Policy, 25 (5), 741-758.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 741.pdfAbstract: In all industrialized countries several ministries pursue technology policies, but only in Germany and France are there special ministries for research and technology carrying out explicit technology policy. In the USA, Great Britain and France, in particular, public spending on defense is most relevant technologically. In this study, this kind of unintended technology policy will be referred to as ‘implicit’, Only a minor part of national R&D activity is initiated with regional goals in mind, The major part by far aims for national competitiveness. The central hypothesis of this paper is that government R&D spending generates unintended spatial effects which are far more consequential than the intended ones, This study attempts to explain the phenomenon, The technology policies of the five major industrialized countries (USA, Germany, Japan, France and Great Britain) will be analyzed and the general tendency of governments to spatially ‘cluster’ their R&D assistance will be discussed. The empirical section of this paper focuses on the relationship between government R&D spending and employment in the high-technology sector.Keywords: United-States, Metropolitan Economies, Technology Policy, Strategies, France, SystemChen, C.F. and Sewell, G. (1996), Strategies for technological development in South Korea and Taiwan: The case of semiconductors. Research Policy, 25 (5), 759-783.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 759.pdfAbstract: This article examines the national systems of technological development in South Korea and Taiwan with particular reference to their semiconductor industries. The article looks at the experiences of South Korea and Taiwan in turn, showing how each of their national approaches to technological development has shaped their indigenous semiconductor industries, leading to the emergence of unique characteristics in both countries. From this discussion, a number of similarities and contrasts are identified between the South Korean and Taiwanese semiconductor industries and the potential for the vigorous and continued development of this important sector in each country is assessed on the basis of their current technological capabilities.Keywords: Electronics Industry, Market, PolicyLee, M.S., Son, B.H. and Om, K.Y. (1996), Evaluation of national R&D projects in Korea. Research Policy, 25 (5), 805-818.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 805.pdfAbstract: The Korean government has invested in national R&D programs since the early 1980s, and evaluation activities ensued. This paper is written (1) to explain the experience of evaluating projects of the national R&D programs, (2) to investigate the specific problems related to the present evaluation system, and (3) to recommend guidelines for future improvement in the evaluation practice.The Korean experience should be of some reference value to other countries in designing or implementing national R&D project evaluation systems.Keywords: Innovation Programs, Experience, ImpactMoed, H.F. and Hesselink, F.Th. (1996), The publication output and impact of academic chemistry research in the Netherlands during the 1980s: Bibliometric analyses and policy implications. Research Policy, 25 (5), 819-836.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 819.pdfAbstract: This paper presents a bibliometric assessment of the output and impact of the research activities in the field of chemistry at universities in the Netherlands during the period 1980-1991. It analyses the position of The Netherlands Foundation for Chemical Research (SON), which is a subsidiary of the Netherlands research council NWO. The methodology applied in the study represents a synthesis of ‘classical’ macro indicator studies on the one hand, and bibliometric analyses of research groups and subfields at the micro- or meso-level on the other. We found that academic chemical research in the Netherlands has gained a high impact compared with a world average, and that the chemists tend to publish in high impact journals as well. The highest impact is achieved by papers that were written in collaboration with scientists from groups outside the Netherlands, indicating that the Dutch chemists play an important role in international scientific networks.There is a significant correlation between a group’s bibliometric impact and the financial support obtained from SON. We discuss several aspects of this correlation in more detail, and draw conclusions with respect to the usefulness of bibliometric analyses and implications for research policy.Keywords: Research Performance, IndicatorsTanaka, Y. and Hirasawa, R. (1996), Features of policy-making processes in Japan’s Council for Science and Technology. Research Policy, 25 (7), 999-1011.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 999.pdfAbstract: The aim of this paper is to elucidate the features of the policy-making mechanism of Japan’s Council for Science and Technology (CST) focusing on the policy-making processes of comprehensive recommendations. The CST is the highest decision-making organization in Japan’s science and technology administrative process and the recommendations have a great influence on the direction of national science and technology policy. The main results are as follows: In the CST, the organizations are never static but very flexible. The dynamic creation of deliberating groups occur in accordance with the development of the policy plan. Thereupon, the incessant negotiations between internal groups of the related ministries are very essential, and the policy-making process is achieved in this interactive way among the policy-makers in participating organizations. In this process, the dual-post holdings (DPH) in the vertical direction of the hierarchy can be seen frequently within the CST. This plays an important role in communication and is a very effective method of information transfer and consensus-building in policy formation requiring a high degree of expertise such as science and technology.Laursen, K. (1996), Horizontal diversification in the Danish national system of innovation: The case of pharmaceuticals. Research Policy, 25 (7), 1121-1137.Full Text: 1996\Res Pol25, 1121.pdfAbstract: The importance of advanced users in home markets as an inducement to technological innovation is now well recognised, thereby providing an explanation for important parts of international export specialisation. At the theoretical level upstream-downstream interaction has been made the generic micro-foundation of theories of national systems of innovation. However, this paper will argue that user-producer interaction is not the only (country-specific) inducement mechanism to innovation. Rather, the finding of this paper is in line with the proposition that when firms are science-based, linkages tend to be horizontal rather than vertical. The paper mobilises historical and bibliometric methods to trace the long-term development of technology at the Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk, and its links with the local (particularly university) environment. The paper demonstrates the importance of science-based competencies in moving from natural resource based technologies to those of greater sophistication, thereby influencing trade specialisation of advanced countries.Keywords: National Systems of Innovation, Inducement Mechanisms, Core Technologies, PharmaceuticalsDaniels, P.L. (1997), National technology gaps and trade: An empirical study of the influence of globalisation. Research Policy, 25 (8), 1189-1207.Full Text: 1997\Res Pol25, 1189.pdfAbstract: This paper examines the hypothesis that economic internationalisation is acting to reduce the importance of national technology ‘gaps’ as determinants of trade patterns and performance. The cross-country analysis uses two approaches to assess the dynamic nature of the relationship between national investment in technological capability (proxied by both R&D activity and human capital) and technology-intensive (TI) trade performance. Natural resource endowment and the changing impact of physical capital formation are also investigated. The study includes approximately 48 nations and is based on data from the mid-1970s to 1990. The empirical evidence from one approach undertaken does not support the globalisation hypothesis as national investment in technology and human capital is shown to have maintained its link to international trade success in TI manufactures over the study period. However, the findings of the alternative approach are ambiguous. A positive association between technology investment catch-up and ongoing TI manufacturing trade performance is evident for the newly industrialised economies (NICs), but the results suggest that an inverse relationship may apply for many of the ‘mature’ Western economies.Keywords: Intensity? Katz, J.S. and Martin, B.R. (1997), What is research collaboration? Research Policy, 26 (1), 1-18.Full Text: 1997\Res Pol26, 1.pdfAbstract: Although there have been many previous studies of research collaboration, comparatively little attention has been given to the concept of ‘collaboration’ or to the adequacy of attempting to measure it through co-authorship. In this paper, we distinguish between collaboration at different levels and show that inter-institutional and international collaboration need not necessarily involve inter-individual collaboration. We also show that co-authorship is no more than a partial indicator of collaboration Lastly, we argue for a more symmetrical approach in comparing the costs of collaboration with the undoubted benefits when considering policies towards research collaboration. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: International Scientific Collaboration, Multiple Authorship, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Cooperation, Patterns, PhysicsNarin, F., Hamilton, K.S. and Olivastro, D. (1997), The increasing linkage between US technology and public science. Research Policy, 26 (3), 317-330.Full Text: R\Res Pol26, 317.pdfAbstract: A detailed and systematic examination of the contribution of public science to industrial technology would be useful evidence in arguing the case for governmental support of science. This paper provides such an examination, by tracing the rapidly growing citation linkage between U.S. patents and scientific research papers. Seventy-three percent of the papers cited by U.S. industry patents are public science, authored at academic, governmental, and other public institutions; only 27% are authored by industrial scientists. A strong national component of this citation linkage was found, with each country’s inventors preferentially citing papers authored in their own country, by a factor of between two and four. Particularly rapid growth was found for the dependence of patented technology on U.S. papers. References from U.S. patents to U.S.-authored research papers have tripled over a six-year period, from 17,000 during 1987-1988 to 50,000 during 1993-1994, a period in which the U.S. patent system grew by only 30%. The cited U.S. papers are from the mainstream of modern science; quite basic, in influential journals, authored at top-flight research universities and laboratories, relatively recent, and heavily supported by NIH, NSF, and other public agencies. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.Rinia, E.J., van Leeuwen, Th.N., van Vuren, H.G. and van Raan, A.F.J. (1998), Comparative analysis of a set of bibliometric indicators and central peer review criteria: Evaluation of condensed matter physics in the Netherlands. Research Policy, 27 (1), 95-107.Full Text: R\Res Pol27, 95.pdfAbstract: In this paper first results are presented of a study on the correlation between bibliometric indicators and the outcomes of peer judgements made by expert committees of physics in the Netherlands. As a first step to study these outcomes in more detail, we focus on the results of an evaluation of 56 research programmes in condensed matter physics in the Netherlands, a subfield which accounts for roughly one third of the total of Dutch physics. This set of research programmes is represented by a volume of more than 5000 publications and nearly 50,000 citations. The study shows varying correlations between different bibliometric indicators and the outcomes of a peer evaluation procedure. Also a breakdown of correlations to the level of different peer review criteria has been made. We found that the peer review criterium ‘team’ shows generally the strongest correlation with bibliometric indicators. Correlations prove to be higher for groups which are involved in basic science than for groups which are more application oriented.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicator, Condensed Matter Physics, Peer Review CriteriaNoyons, E.C.M., Luwel, M. and Moed, H.F. (1998), Assessment of Flemish R&D in the field of information technology: A bibliometric evaluation based on publication and patent data, combined with OECD research input statistics. Research Policy, 27 (3), 285-300.Full Text: R\Res Pol27, 285.pdfAbstract: This paper outlines a method to evaluate a geographic region’s performance in a research field. Using bibliometric indicators, an overview is given of Flemish R&D potential in information technology (IT). Flemish IT activity is presented within the context of recent international developments in this field. Both publication, patent data, and OECD input statistics are used in the study. We found that Flanders is quite productive in IT as far as publication activity is concerned. In contrast, the patenting productivity is rather low. Furthermore, the data indicate that Flemish R&D in IT has two strong points: image processing on the patent side, and processing technology on the publication side. Publications in the latter subdomain have an impact which is above world average. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Research Performance, Bibliometric Evaluation, Information Technology, R&D, Flanders, OECD Input StatisticsMoed, H.F. (1999), Introduction to a special issue on the Fifth International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators. Research Policy, 28 (5), 449-450.Full Text: R\Res Pol28, 449.pdfBourke, P. and Butler, L. (1999), The efficacy of different modes of funding research: Perspectives from Australian data on the biological sciences. Research Policy, 28 (5), 489-499.Full Text: R\Res Pol28, 489.pdfAbstract: In this paper we set out to investigate whether there was variance in the impact of research publications in relation to their mode of funding. We allocated relevant publications to sectors on the basis of the institutions undertaking the research, the duties of the researchers, and the providers of the major source of funding. To undertake a bibliometric analysis, we used the Research Evaluation and Policy Project database containing all Australian ISI-indexed publications since 1981, and a database of publications constructed from the final reports of the recipients of Australian Research Council large grants in the biological sciences. Our results indicate that rather than the mode of funding, the nature of the researcher’s appointment appears to be the most significant determinant of impact. We found that researchers appointed to full-time research positions in the biological sciences, irrespective of their source of funds, achieved higher visibility for their research than did researchers with significant other duties, such as undergraduate teaching or clinical practice.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Funding, Research Appointment, Biological SciencesKatz, J.S. (1999), The self-similar science system. Research Policy, 28 (5), 501-517.Full Text: R\Res Pol28, 501.pdfAbstract: A system with a self-similar property is scale-independent and statistically exhibits that property at all levels of observation. In addition, a power law describes the distribution of a scale-independent property. Many investigators have observed social activities and structures, particularly in the science system, that are best described by a power-law distribution. However, unlike classical physical power laws that are used in the design of complex technical systems, social power laws are not used to develop social policy. Using the science system as a model social system and peer-reviewed publications and citations to these papers as the data source we will demonstrate the existence of two power law distributions that are then used to predict the existence of two additional power laws. In fact, it will be shown that in four UK sectoral, six OECD national, a regional and the world science systems the Matthew effect can be described by a power-law relationship between publishing size (papers) and recognition (citations). The exponent of this power law is 1.27±0.03, it is constant over time and relatively independent of system size and nationality. The policy implications of these robust self-similar social properties as well as the need to develop scale-independent policy are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Self-Similar, Power Law, Scale-Independent, Stationary Scientometric Distributions, Law? Tijssen, R.J.W. and van Wijk, E. (1999), In search of the European Paradox: An international comparison of Europe’s scientific performance and knowledge flows in information and communication technologies research. Research Policy, 28 (5), 519-543.Full Text: 1999\Res Pol28, 519.pdfAbstract: This article deals with the scientific performance of the European Union (EU) in what is now perhaps the most important enabling technology worldwide: information and communication technologies (ICT). The performance measures are based on the stock and flows of scientific knowledge embodied in research papers published in international scientific and technical journals. Quantitative data derived from these papers are used to examine and compare the performance of the EU science base with the US and Japan-two leading scientific nations in ICT research, and major competitors in ICT industries. These bibliometric indicators characterize and compare these three ICT research bases in terms of research output, international scientific quality, transnational knowledge flows, and domestic and international cooperation patterns. The analysis focuses on the key issue whether or not these data bear evidence of the perceived ‘European Paradox’ which is, among others, characterized by a strong EU public sector science base coupled to a relatively weak R&D performance of EU firms. The findings provide empirical confirmation for the existence of this Paradox in both ICT research domains under investigation: computers and data processing, and telecommunications. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Academic Research, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation Analysis, Comparison, Confirmation, Data Processing, Elsevier, Engineers, EU, Indicators, Industry, Information and Communication Technologies, Innovations, International Comparison, International Cooperation, Japanese, Journals, Knowledge, Networks, R&D, Research, Research Domains, Research Output, Research Papers, Research-and-Development, Science, Science Base, Scientific Cooperation, Scientific Performance, Technology, US? Zitt, M., Barré, R., Sigogneau, A. and Laville, F. (1999), Territorial concentration and evolution of science and technology activities in the European Union: A descriptive analysis. Research Policy, 28 (5), 545-562.Full Text: 1999\Res Pol28, 545.pdfAbstract: This article aims at exploring the geographical patterns of scientific and technological activities across the European regions, and comparing these patterns in order to suggest some hypotheses concerning the spatial relationship between science and technology (S&T). This paper proposes a descriptive account of basic spatial features of European Union (EU) countries for S&T activities, respectively, measured by Science Citation Index (SCI) publications and European Patent Office (EPO) patents. It addresses concentration measures at various levels (regions within EU, within countries, countries within EU) and their evolution during the period 1988-1995, in relation with geographic convergence issues for S&T. These knowledge-based activities appear as much more concentrated than economic activities, but countries’ patterns are quite contrasted in terms of concentration values as well as of territorial coincidences or ‘co-concentrations’ between science and technology. Analysis of short-term evolution of concentration suggests an overall but slow tendency towards geographic homogenization in science, and a more chaotic picture in technology. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Citation, Concentration Measures, Convergence, Convergence, Economic, Elsevier, EU, European Union, Evolution, Geographic Concentration, Growth, Indicators, Patent, Patent Statistics, Patents, Publications, R-and-D, SCI, Science, Science and Technology, Science Citation Index, Spillovers, TechnologyMcMillan, G.S., Narin, F. and Deeds, D.L. (2000), An analysis of the critical role of public science in innovation: The case of biotechnology. Research Policy, 29 (1), 1-8.Full Text: R\Res Pol29, 1.pdfAbstract: Recent studies have found that the overall US industrial base relies heavily on public science, i.e., knowledge that originates from universities, research institutions, government laboratories, etc. This research effort narrows the focus to examine the public science linkage for an important, relatively new industry: biotechnology. Our results indicate that the biotechnology industry depends on public science much more heavily than other industries. In addition, we found that biotechnology companies rely on public science for very basic scientific research, that there is a strong national bias in the citation patterns, and that biotechnology firms rely on science to a much greater extent than large, diversified pharmaceutical companies do. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Biotechnology, Public Science, Innovation, Patenting, Science References, Transformation, Technology, FirmMelin, G. (2000), Pragmatism and self-organization: Research collaboration on the individual level. Research Policy, 29 (1), 31-40.Full Text: R\Res Pol29, 31.pdfAbstract: What goes on in the scientific networks and the research teams? What is the collaborative situation like? Why do scientists collaborate? This study focuses on the micro level of research collaboration and investigates the reasons for and effects of collaboration for the individual scientist through a survey and a number of interviews. The interaction within the research team is highlighted, showing the feelings and conditions which encompass the teamwork. The empirical findings are conceptualized in a model where research collaboration is suggested to be understood as dependent on how the reasons, forms and effects respectively vary. The collaborations are characterized by strong pragmatism and a high degree of self-organization. Finally, the science policy implications of this study are discussed. It is suggested that research policy should provide financial and organizational possibilities for the researchers to establish joint ventures and also fund projects on a team or network basis.Keywords: Research Collaboration, Scientific Networks, Co-Authorships, Bibliometrics, Co-Production, Research PolicyGeorghiou, L. and Roessner, D. (2000), Evaluating technology programs: Tools and methods. Research Policy, 29 (4-5), 657-678.Full Text: R\Res Pol29, 657.pdfAbstract: This article reviews the analytical tools, methods, and designs being used to evaluate public programs intended to stimulate technological advance. The review is organized around broad policy categories rather than particular types of policy intervention, because methods used are rarely chosen independent of context. The categories addressed include publicly-supported research conducted in universities and public sector research organizations; evaluations of linkages, especially those programs seeking to promote academic-industrial and public-private partnerships; and the evaluation of diffusion and industrial extension programs. The internal evaluation procedures of science such as peer review and bibliometrics are not covered, nor are methods used to projects and individuals ex ante. Among the conclusion is the observation that evaluation work has had less of an impact in the literature that it deserves, in part because much of the most detailed and valuable work is not easily obtainable. A second conclusion is that program evaluations and performance reviews, which have distinctive objectives, measures, and tools, are becoming entangled, with the lines between the two becoming blurred. Finally, new approaches to measuring the payoffs from research that focus on linkages between knowledge producers and users, and on the characteristics of research networks, appear promising as the limitations of the production function and related methods have become apparent.Keywords: Technology Programs, Tools, Methods? Tijssen, R.J.W. (2001), Global and domestic utilization of industrial relevant science: Patent citation analysis of science-technology interactions and knowledge flows. Research Policy, 30 (1), 35-54.Full Text: 2001\Res Pol30, 35.pdfAbstract: The development of science-based technologies may draw heavily on codified and tacit outputs from both domestic research bases and foreign sources. Having a view of the scientific underpinnings of these technical innovations and related knowledge diffusion and utilization processes, especially those concerning public-financed basic research, is of major importance to policymakers nowadays. Some of those scientific and technical inputs are pivotal to technical inventions and are acknowledged as such by explicit references (“citations”) to related research papers in the reference List on the corresponding patents. This case study deals with citations to Dutch-authored research papers on USPTO patents granted during the period 1987-1996. Results of the citation analysis reveal several important features of contributions made by the Dutch science base to Dutch-invented and/or foreign-invented patents such as (1) a marked overall increase of patent citations to Dutch research papers, and (2) significant differences between domestic and foreign citation patterns where (3) domestic citation links are dominated by author-inventor self-citations and patents originating from the large R&D-intensive multinational firms such as Philips. These findings provide new empirical evidence that patent citation analysis produces systemic quantitative data providing strategic background information regarding nation-specific and sector-specific factors in domestic and cross-border science-technology linkages and knowledge flows. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: 2001, Academic Research, Analysis, Base, Basic Research, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Diffusion, Growth, Indicators, Innovation, Internationalizaton, Knowledge Spillovers, Linkage, Multinational Firms, Patent Citations, Patents, References, Research, Research Papers, Research-and-Development, Science, Science-Technology Linkages, Self Citations, Self-Citations, Statistics, The NetherlandsLu, Q.W. and Lazonick, W. (2001), The organization of innovation in a transitional economy: Business and government in Chinese electronic publishing. Research Policy, 30 (1), 55-77.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 55.pdfAbstract: The national innovation system that emerged in China in the 1990s integrates government science and technology efforts, typically through the intermediation of public research institutes, with the business activities of industrial enterprises. In illustrating the institutional and organizational characteristics of this innovation system, the case study of Founder Group, world leader in pictographic-language electronic publishing systems, demonstrates both the strategic role of the state in the process of change and the increasing importance for economic success of the integration of investment strategy and organizational learning in industrial enteprises that compete for domestic and global markets. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: China, Transition, Science and Technology, Innovation System, ElectronicsFritsch, M. and Lukas, R. (2001), Who cooperates on R&D? Research Policy, 30 (2), 297-312.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 297.pdfAbstract: Based on a sample of 1800 German manufacturing enterprises, we analyze the propensity to maintain different forms of R&D cooperation with customers, suppliers, competitors and public research institutions. We find a relatively stable set of characteristics of those enterprises that are engaged in R&D cooperation. According to our results, enterprises that maintain such relationships tend to be relatively large and have a high share of R&D. They are likely to have a ‘Gatekeeper’ who is screening the environment relevant for the innovation activity and are characterized by a relatively high aspiration level of their R&D activities. Industry effects are mainly found with regard to the number of R&D cooperations and are much less pronounced for the propensity to engage at all in cooperative R&D. The interregional differences pertain to the propensity to cooperate as well as to the number of cooperative relationships. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: R&D Cooperation, Innovation, Manufacturing Industries, Innovation, Firms, Perspective, Competition, DuopolyRinia, E.J., van Leeuwen, Th.N., van Vuren, H.G. and van Raan, A.F.J. (2001), Influence of interdisciplinarity on peer-review and bibliometric evaluations in physics research. Research Policy, 30 (3), 357-361.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 357.pdfAbstract: It is often argued that interdisciplinary research is valued less in both qualitative (peer-review based) as well as in quantitative (bibliometric) assessments. A recent extensive, nation-wide evaluation of all academic physics groups in the Netherlands allowed us to investigate this problem empirically. Therefore, we first developed an operationalization of ‘interdisciplinarity’. On the basis of our findings, we refute the above statement, at least for the field and the country involved. We found that (i) peer judgements do not significantly correlate with the degree of interdisciplinarity; (II) only elementary bibliometric indicators correlate negatively, but (iii) ‘advanced’ indicators do not correlate with the degree of interdisciplinarity, except a small correlation in the case of large programs. Thus, we found no general evidence for a peer-review bias as well as a bibliometric bias against interdisciplinary research.Salter, A.J. and Martin, B.R. (2001), The economic benefits of publicly funded basic research: A critical review. Research Policy, 30 (3), 509-532.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 509.pdfAbstract: This article critically reviews the literature on the economic benefits of publicly funded basic research. In that literature, three main methodological approaches have been adopted - econometric studies, surveys and case studies. Econometric studies are subject to certain methodological limitations but they suggest that the economic benefits are very substantial. These studies have also highlighted the importance of spillovers and the existence of localisation effects in research. From the literature based on surveys and on case studies, it is clear that, the benefits from public investment in basic research can take a variety of forms. We classify these into six main categories, reviewing the evidence on the nature and extent of each type. The relative importance of these different forms of benefit apparently varies with scientific field, technology and industrial sector. Consequently, no simple model of the economic benefits from basic research is possible. We reconsider the rationale for government funding of basic research, arguing that the traditional ‘market failure’ justification needs to be extended to take account of these different forms of benefit from basic research. The article concludes by identifying some of the policy implications that follow from this review. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Economic Benefits, Basic Research, Government Funding, R-and-D, Industrial-Innovation, University-Research, Academic Research, Technological Innovation, Science, Growth, Policy, Knowledge, FirmsLee, K. and Lim, C.S. (2001), Technological regimes, catching-up and leapfrogging: Findings from the Korean industries. Research Policy, 30 (3), 459-483.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 459.pdfAbstract: This paper examines the experiences of selected industries in Korea to identify the stylized facts in the process of technological capability building, and thereby, to sort out the conditions for the catching-up to occur. To explain the process, we have built a model of technological and market catching-up. A special attention has been given to the question of whether there has been a case of leapfrogging in any industry in Korea and, if so, what are: the conditions for its incidence. In our framework, we first measure the degree of catching-up in terms of market shares in the world. Then, we focus on catching-up in technological capabilities in explaining the different record and prospects of Korean industries in market catching-up. In the model, technological capability is determined as a function of both technological effort and the existing knowledge base. As determinants of technological effort, we look at the technological regimes of the industries, such as cumulativeness of technical advances, fluidity (predictability) of technological trajectory, and the properties of knowledge base.Using this model, we explain the different technological evolution of the selected industries in Korea, including the D-RAM, automobile, mobile phone, consumer electronics, personal computer and machine tool industries. We find three different patterns of catching-ups, path-creating catching-up (CDMA mobile phone), path-skipping catching-up (D-RAM and automobile), and path-following catching-up (consumer electronics, personal computers and machine tools). We interpret the first two case of catching-up as ‘leapfrogging.’ Unlike the argument by Perez and Soete [Perez, C., Soete, L., 1988. Catching-up in technology: entry barriers and windows of opportunity. In: Dosi, et al., (Eds.), Technical Change and Economic Theory, Pinter Publishers, London.], we find that important R&D projects, except automobiles where only private R&D was involved, involved both private and public capacities, and that entry was not driven by endogenous generation of knowledge and skills, but by collaboration with foreign companies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Technological Regimes, Catching-Up, Leapfrogging, Korean IndustriesTchalakov, I. (2001), Innovating in Bulgaria: Two cases in the life of a laboratory before and after 1989. Research Policy, 30 (3), 391-402.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 391.pdfAbstract: The paper presents the results from the case study of the Central Laboratory of Optical Storage and Processing of Information. The author attempts to reconstruct the two types of heterogeneous network of human and non-human actors. These networks emerged during the process of innovation of two products of the laboratory - holographic plates for art holography invented in late 1970s, and the rainbow holograms created in early 1990s. The paper analyses the efforts made for arresting the interest of relevant social actors and for ‘taming’ the corresponding non-human agents or their human representatives. In doing so, some typical problems of the socio-economic of innovation are explored - the financing of the innovation, the relationships between the research lab and the public institutions and private firms during the process of innovation. The time lag between the realisation of the two innovations provides a possibility to find out some significant differences in the innovation network in the 1970s’ administrative economy in Bulgaria and the emerging market economy in this country in the early 1990s. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Technology, Innovation, LaboratoryTrajtenberg, M. (2001), Innovation in Israel 1968-1997: A comparative analysis using patent data. Research Policy, 30 (3), 363-389.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 363.pdfAbstract: The Israeli high-tech sector is widely regarded as a hotbed of cutting-edge technologies, and as the growth engine of the Israeli economy in the 1990s and beyond. In this paper we present a close-up portrait of innovation in Israel for the past 30 years, with the aid of highly detailed patent data. We use for that purpose ail Israeli patents taken in the US (over 7000), as well as US patents and patents from other countries for comparative purposes. The time path of Israeli patenting reveals big jumps in the mid 1980s and then again in the early 1990s, reflecting underlying ‘shocks’ in policy and in the availability of relevant inputs. Israeli ranks high in terms of patents per capita, compared to the G7, the ‘Asian Tigers’ and a group of countries with similar GDP per capita. Finland is strikingly similar, Taiwan’s patenting has grown extremely fast and is now on par with Israel, South Korea is rapidly closing the gap. The technological composition of Israeli innovations reflects quite well worldwide technological trends, except that Computers and Communications, the fastest growing field in the US, has grown even faster in Israel. The weak side resides in the composition of Israeli assignees, the actual owners of the intellectual property rights: just 35% of Israeli patents were assigned to Israeli corporations, a much lower percentage than in most other countries. Relatively large shares went to foreign assignees, to Universities and the Government, and to private inventors. On the other hand, Israeli patents are of good ‘quality’ in terms of citations received (and getting better over time): US patents command on average more citations, but not in Computers and Communications or in Biotechnology, and Israeli patents are significantly better than those of the reference group of countries. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Patents, Citations, Israeli Economy, High-Tech, Universities, CitationsRinia, E.J., van Leeuwen, Th.N., van Vuren, H.G. and van Raan, A.F.J. (2001), Influence of interdisciplinarity on peer-review and bibliometric evaluations in physics research. Research Policy, 30 (3), 357-361.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 357.pdfAbstract: It is often argued that interdisciplinary research is valued less in both qualitative (peer-review based) as well as in quantitative (bibliometric) assessments. A recent extensive, nation-wide evaluation of all academic physics groups in the Netherlands allowed us to investigate this problem empirically. Therefore, we first developed an operationalization of ‘interdisciplinarity’. On the basis of our findings, we refute the above statement, at least for the field and the country involved. We found that (i) peer judgements do not significantly correlate: with the degree of interdisciplinarity; (II) only elementary bibliometric indicators correlate negatively, but (iii) ‘advanced’ indicators do not correlate with the degree of interdisciplinarity, except a small correlation in the case of large programs. Thus, we found no general evidence for a peer-review bias as well as a bibliometric bias against interdisciplinary research. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Ballesteros, J.A. and Rico, A.M. (2001), Public financing of cooperative R&D projects in Spain: The Concerted Projects under the National R&D Plan. Research Policy, 30 (4), 625-641.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 625.pdfAbstract: This work will analyse the factors which influence decision-making within the Spanish public sector on the financing of precompetitive research projects developed by firms in collaboration with universities and public research organisms. With this objective in mind, an econometric model is proposed that explains simultaneously the concession of aid on behalf of the public sector and the amount of such aid. The estimates carried out indicate, among other results, that the destination of the budgeted funds explains a large part of the public financing received. However, all the evidence would seem to indicate that the funding has not been awarded either in order to significantly favour those firms which most need it, nor to give incentive to high levels of cooperation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Public Financing of R&D Projects, Cooperation Between Public Research Centers and Firm, Science and Technology Policies, Models With Self-Selection, University-Industry Relationships, Sector Research, Collaboration, Technologies, Innovation, ModelsHicks, D., Breitzman, T., Olivastro, D. and Hamilton, K. (2001), The changing composition of innovative activity in the US: A portrait based on patent analysis. Research Policy, 30 (4), 681-703.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 681.pdfAbstract: In this paper, patent bibliometrics are used to investigate shifts underway in the American innovation system. Patent indicators point to extraordinarily dynamic innovation in information and health technologies accompanied by a shift in the center of US innovation from the East to the West Coast. Innovating companies are adapting to the demise of large corporate basic research laboratories by using their own research instead. Growth in university patenting is also striking, and universities have become dominant patentees in a few large, economically vibrant cities. The importance of universities to local innovation has also been revealed by the growth in referencing from patents to papers which allows us to see that companies preferentially reference papers from in-state public sector institutions.Keywprds: Innovation, United States, Patent, University, LocalHadjimanolis, A. and Dickson, K. (2001), Development of national innovation policy in small developing countries: The case of Cyprus. Research Policy, 30 (5), 805-817.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 805.pdfAbstract: This paper analyses the concept of national innovation policy (NIP) and puts forward arguments supporting the need for a NIP for small developing economies like Cyprus. A brief outline is given of the science/technology infrastructure and current innovation related policies in Cyprus while the attitudes of owners/managers of private manufacturing firms towards these policies, based on a research survey, are examined. The survey reveals an ambivalent attitude towards NIP, which is probably due to unrealistic expectations, as well as, inefficiency in design and implementation of innovation policy measures. Case research confirms these conclusions and highlights the importance of NIP for private firms despite the rhetoric of their managers against it. The formulation of a specific NIP for Cyprus is then considered, from which lessons for other developing countries are drawn. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Cyprus, National Innovation Policy, Small Countries, Capabilities, Perspective, SMEsAsakawa, K. (2001), Organizational tension in international R&D management: The case of Japanese firms. Research Policy, 30 (5), 735-757.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 735.pdfAbstract: Internationalization of R&D has unleashed a considerable degree of tension within multinational corporations. This paper explores the nature of such a tension in the Japanese multinational firms. At first glance, the most obvious tension appeared to be on the autonomy and control issue between the headquarters and overseas laboratories. However, taking perception gaps as the primary manifestation of organizational tension within a firm, we learned that the tension appears to be more salient in information-sharing issues than in autonomy-control issues, and that the local side seems more dissatisfied with the current level of information sharing and granted autonomy than the parent side. Inter-industry and inter-laboratory differences regarding such findings were also examined. Qualitative data revealed that the nature of organizational tension actually evolves along the differing stages (i.e. dis-integration and re-integration) of R&D internationalization. Theoretical implications for network and information-processing perspectives were also discussed in the context of the dynamics of organizational tension. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: R&D Internationalization, Organizational Tension, Perception Gap, Japanese MNCs, Multinational-Corporations, Industrial-Research, Interorganizational Network, Development Laboratories, United-States, Innovation, Globalization, Technology, Communication, CoordinationKuhlmann, S. (2001), Future governance of innovation policy in Europe: Three scenarios. Research Policy, 30 (6), 953-976.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 953.pdfAbstract: In Europe, public research, technology and innovation policies are no longer exclusively in the hands of national authorities: increasingly, national initiatives are supplemented by or even competing with regional innovation policies or transnational programmes, in particular, the activities of the European Union. At the same time, industrial innovation increasingly occurs within international networks. Are we witnessing a change of governance in European innovation policy? Based on a set of hypotheses concerning the co-evolution of ‘political systems’ and ‘innovation systems’ in Europe, the paper speculates about the future governance of innovation policies, trying to pave the ways for empirical analyses. It sketches three scenarios stretching from (1) the idea of an increasingly centralised and dominating European innovation policy arena to (2) the opposite, i.e. a progressive decentralisation and open competition between partly strengthened, partly weakened national or regional innovation systems, and finally to (3) the vision of a centrally ‘mediated’ mixture of competition and co-operation between diverse regional innovation cultures and a related governance structure. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Innovation Policy, Research and Technology Policy, European Integration, Innovation System, Political System, Political Governance, Research-and-Development, Industrial-Research, Multinational-Enterprises, National Systems, Technology, University, Strategies, FirmsShapira, P., Klein, H. and Kuhlmann, S. (2001), Innovations in European and US innovation policy. Research Policy, 30 (6), 869-872.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 869.pdfCefis, E. and Orsenigo, L. (2001), The persistence of innovative activities: A cross-countries and cross-sectors comparative analysis. Research Policy, 30 (7), 1139-1158.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 1139.pdfAbstract: This paper examines the persistence of innovative activities at the firm level in a comparative perspective. A new data set is used composed of six panel data, one for each of the following countries: France, Germany, Italy, UK, Japan and the USA. For each country, we use data on patent applications to the European Patent Office in the period 1978-1993 by 1200-1400 manufacturing firms. Using a transition probability matrix (TPM) approach, we find evidence for the existence of persistence in innovative activities, although, it is not very high in the aggregate and it declines as time goes by. However, both great innovators and non-innovators have a high probability to remain in their state and persistent innovators originate a disproportionate share of innovative activities. In this sense, persistence in innovative activities is quite strong.These tendencies apply to all countries considered here, although, clear country-specific properties are observed. Moreover, there is heterogeneity also across industrial and size classification. Intersectoral differences are invariant across countries, suggesting that persistence is (at least partly) a technology-specific variable. Persistence tends to increase with firm size, but the relationship between firms’ size and persistence is strongly-country-specific and it is not a simple one. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Innovation, Persistence, Transition Probability Matrices, Schumpeterian Patterns, Entry, Exit, Selection, Evolution, Dynamics, Growth, FirmsLiu, X.L. and White, S. (2001), Comparing innovation systems: A framework and application to China’s transitional context. Research Policy, 30 (7), 1091-1114.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 1091.pdfAbstract: This paper proposes a generic framework for analyzing innovation systems, anchored around five fundamental activities R&D, implementation, end-use, education, linkage-and focused on the performance implications of a system’s structure and dynamics. Rather than simply describing the role and performance of particular actors, institutions and policies, this approach focuses on system-level characteristics, including the distribution of these activities within the system, the organizational boundaries around them, coordination mechanisms, evolutionary processes, and the effectiveness of the system in introducing, diffusing and exploiting technological innovations. The framework is applied to a comparison of China’s national innovation system under central planning and since reforms, revealing the evolving structure and dynamics of this system and current inconsistencies and perverse incentives that policymakers must address to realize their development goals. More generally, it provides a basis for addressing the implicit assumptions of organizational types, roles and convergence among innovation systems emerging in very different contexts, whether national, regional or industrial. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Innovation System, Fundamental Activities, System-Level Characteristics, Economy, ReformAutant-Bernard, C. (2001), Science and knowledge flows: Evidence from the French case. Research Policy, 30 (7), 1069-1078.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 1069.pdfAbstract: Public research is often considered as essential in the technological change process. Yet, few studies have been undertaken to measure its real impact on innovation. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the presence of public technological externalities. From the results, it appears that public research produces positive effects both directly in increasing innovation level and indirectly in favoring private research. However, these externalities are not widespread. They are geographically localized. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Geography of Innovation, Knowledge Spillovers, University, Research-and-Development, Academic Research, Industrial-Innovation, Empirical-Findings, Biotechnology, Spillovers, University, Growth, FirmsSchimank, U. (2001), Real science: What it is, and what it means by Ziman J. Research Policy, 30 (8), 1343-1344.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 1343.pdfWen, J. and Kobayashi, S. (2001), Exploring collaborative R&D network: Some new evidence in Japan. Research Policy, 30 (8), 1309-1319.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 1309.pdfAbstract: The growing importance ascribed to science and technology has created new demands on university research to contribute to the solution of social problems. In such background, there is widespread consensus in Japan today that collaborations between Japanese universities and industry should be improved in order to meet the growing expectations in globally competitive marketplace [Sci. Public Policy 26 (2) (1999) 113]. Initially advocated by Monbusho of Japanese government, a number of systems have been established and enforced to encourage collaborative R&D among researchers of universities, industries, and government laboratories. However, there appears to be lack of systematic evidence to enable a proper examination of this subject in Japan so far.This paper analyzes the latest changes of collaborative R&D network, and attempts at providing some new and unique empirical observations for debates and discussions on this emerging dimension in Japan. It is based on as many as 7029 projects data under ‘Joint-Research with Private Sector’ system of Monbusho. This study shows, the emergence and growth of different modes, and identifies key features in today’s Japanese collaborative R&D network. It provides some observations for reference to policy-makers and researchers in Japan and abroad, and may serve as a foundation for further science and technology (S&T) policy and innovation management research in Japan. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: R&D Network, University-Industry Collaboration, Monbusho of JapanBayona, C., Garcia-Marco, T. and Huerta, E. (2001), Firms’ motivations for cooperative R&D: An empirical analysis of Spanish firms. Research Policy, 30 (8), 1289-1307.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 1289.pdfAbstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the motives that have caused industrial firms to cooperate in R&D. There are many theoretical works devoted to the theme but few empirical studies have been carried out with large samples to analyze the factors which determine why firms cooperate in R&D. We first review the reasons offered by the literature to explain technological cooperation, with this allowing us to determine the conceptual framework and to propose some hypotheses. We test these hypotheses with a sample of 1652 Spanish firms that have carried out R&D activities. The results obtained suggest that firms’ motivations for cooperative R&D are the complexity of technology and the fact that innovation is costly and uncertain. We find that in order to undertake cooperative R&D, it is necessary to have certain internal capacities in this area, with our results being supported by the theory of absorptive capacity. However, and by contrast with the results presented in other works, questions related to market access and search for opportunities do not appear to exert an influence over cooperative R&D. Besides, the large sized firms resort more to cooperation, and the reasons for cooperative R&D differ as between large and small sized firms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Strategic Alliances, R&D Cooperation, Alliance Formation, Sectoral Differences, External Linkages, Innovation, Collaboration, Alliances, Networks, Competition, ModesArocena, R. and Sutz, J. (2001), Changing knowledge production and Latin American universities. Research Policy, 30 (8), 1221-1234.Full Text: R\Res Pol30, 1221.pdfAbstract: This article examines some of the main issues affecting knowledge production in Latin America. The focus is on universitiese up to now. The paper compares changes and continuities because they are the principal regional producers of knowledge up to now. The paper compares changes and continuities concerning academic values and attitudes, governmental policies, university-industry relations and endogenous knowledge generation, analysing also the connection between the ‘structurally unachieved’ National Systems of Innovation (NSI) in Latin America and the social ‘loneliness’ of universities, The article finishes by sketching alternative scenarios for the future interaction between knowledge generation and university transformation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Latin American Universities, Research Policies, Knowledge Production, University-Industry Relations, National Systems of InnovationMustar, P. and Laredo, P. (2002), Innovation and research policy in France (1980-2000) or the disappearance of the Colbertist state. Research Policy, 31 (1), 55-72.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 55.pdfAbstract: This paper is concerned with the dynamic of intervention by public authorities in the domain of research and innovation. It has a dual objective. On the one hand, it seeks to challenge the stereotyped image of the French system, presented in the literature as completely characterised by the dominant role of a Colbertist state (that is to say an interventionist model which places emphasis on the dominant weight of large civil and defence programmes, on the division between the universities and the CNRS, on the congenital separation between research and firms, on the monopolisation of public support by certain large industrial groups). Evolutionary changes are described, which prove that this classic image is no longer relevant in capturing the current dynamic of the French research and innovation system. On the other hand, this paper seeks to show that this challenge is a consequence of close examination of the relevance of the notion of ‘national policy for research and technology’ itself. Alongside national policy, regional and European policies are emerging, the effects of which are so important that public intervention can no longer be seen only in terms of national policy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Public Policy, Innovation France, Science and Technology Policy, National System of InnovationCoriat, B. and Weinstein, O. (2002), Organizations, firms and institutions in the generation of innovation. Research Policy, 31 (2), 273-290.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 273.pdfAbstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop the innovation system analysis by bringing together the ‘institutional’ and ‘organizational’ dimensions of the process of innovation at the firm level. The objective is to start elaborating a ‘systemic’ theory of innovation in firms. The paper summons up the contributions and limits of ‘organizational’ and ‘institutional’ approaches to innovation. This preliminary investigation leads to a series of relevant questions. In a second section, an attempt is made to overcome the dichotomy and make progress towards a more exhaustive and better-articulated representation of the innovation process considered at the firm level. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Innovation Systems, Organization Theory, Institutional Economics, Economic History, Theory of the FirmRamani, S.V. (2002), Who is interested in biotech? R&D strategies, knowledge base and market sales of Indian biopharmaceutical firms. Research Policy, 31 (3), 381-398.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 381.pdfAbstract: This paper addresses three main questions on Indian pharmaceutical firms that have integrated biotechnology in their marketing, production or research activities: (i) What kind of labour stocks of the knowledge base have an impact on market sales? (h) Which components of the R&D strategy are strategic substitutes and which are strategic complements? (iii) What are the distinguishing features of firms that have already integrated biotechnology in their research activities? The paper shows that market sales are an increasing function of qualified labour stocks. Internal R&D and foreign collaborations are strategic substitutes, while patents and publications are strategic complements. Firms that are active in biotechnology research are likely to be younger and implementing more aggressive learning strategies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: India, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Sector, R&D Strategies, Newly Industrializing Country, Productivity Growth, Enterprise Size, Experience, TechnologyHagedoorn, J. (2002), Inter-firm R&D partnerships: An overview of major trends and patterns since 1960. Research Policy, 31 (4), 477-492.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 477.pdfAbstract: This paper explores 40 years of data on R&D partnerships. These R&D partnerships are examples of inter-firm collaboration or strategic partnering, a topic that has recently attracted attention in both the academic literature and the popular press. The paper presents an analysis of some basic historical trends and sectoral patterns in R&D partnering since 1960. It also provides an overview of some major international (sectoral) patterns in the forming of R&D partnerships within the Triad (North America, Europe and Asia). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Inter-Firm Collaboration, R&D Partnerships, Sectoral Patterns, Resource-Based View, Organizational Modes, Sectoral Differences, Strategic Alliances, Joint Ventures, Technology, Cooperation, Formsvan Raan, A.F.J. and van Leeuwen, Th.N. (2002), Assessment of the scientific basis of interdisciplinary, applied research: Application of bibliometric methods in Nutrition and Food Research. Research Policy, 31 (4), 611-632.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 611.pdfAbstract: We present the results of a study to assess crucial aspects and the strength of the scientific basis of a typically interdisciplinary, applied field: Nutrition and Food Research. Our approach is based on an advanced bibliometric analysis with novel elements to assess the influence and dissemination of research results and to measure interdisciplinarity. In order to adjust the contrast with ‘single-disciplinary’ research assessment, we represent application-oriented research by an interdisciplinary research profile that with a clear distinction between basic and applied research. Application of our approach to support an international audit of the Nutrition and Food Research Institute showed that advanced bibliometric analysis allows assessment beyond conventional academic standards. An important policy-relevant implication, strongly supported by the audit committee, is that realignment of an applied research institute toward a stronger market-orientation should not be at the expense of basic research. Not only is basic research the cradle of future applications, it acts also directly as an institutional visiting card for customers to show scientific thoroughness.A novel element is a disciplinary breakdown of knowledge dissemination by a research institute based on a field-specific analysis of all publications citing the work of the institute. It reveals the mutual boosting of applied and basic research. Particularly, the analysis of publications citing applied work can be regarded as a novel indicator for potential users of knowledge and with that, new markets. In this context, it is important to compare actors (e.g. countries, institutes) involved in citing publications with those involved in the institute’s international co-operation.Keywords: Evaluation of Applied Research, Bibliometric Analysis, Knowledge Dissemination, Interdisciplinary ResearchMathews, J.A. (2002), The origins and dynamics of Taiwan’s R&D consortia. Research Policy, 31 (4), 633-651.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 633.pdfAbstract: A series of collaborative R&D ventures have emerged in Taiwan, within a quite distinctive institutional framework. Unlike the case of many of the collaborative arrangements between established firms in the US, Europe or Japan, where mutual risk reduction is frequently the driving influence, in the case of Taiwan it is technological learning, upgrading and catch-up industry creation that is the object of the collaborative exercises. The Taiwan R&D alliances were formed hesitantly in the 1980s, but have flourished in the 1990s as institutional forms have been found which encourage firms to cooperate in raising their technological levels. Several alliances could be counted in Taiwan in the late 1990s, bringing together firms, and public sector research institutes, with the added organizational input of trade associations, and catalytic financial assistance from government. The article discusses the evolving organizational architecture of these R&D alliances, utilizing several case studies, and seeks to draw comparisons between these institutional innovations in Taiwan and established collaborative arrangements in the USA, Japan and Europe. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: R&D Consortia, R&D Collaboration, Taiwan, Industrial Upgrading, Technology Diffusion and Adaptation, State-Business Relations, Economic Learning, Institutional Innovation and Evolution, Cooperative Research, United-States, Interfirm Cooperation, Innovation, Japan, Collaboration, Laboratories, Performance, Competition, PatternsLlerena, P. (2002), The economics of knowledge production: Funding and structure of university research. Research Policy, 31 (4), 654-655.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 654.pdfSakakibara, M. and Cho, D.S. (2002), Cooperative R&D in Japan and Korea: A comparison of industrial policy. Research Policy, 31 (5), 673-692.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 673.pdfAbstract: This article compares and evaluates Japanese and Korean industrial policies aimed at promoting the research activities of firms, with focus on government-sponsored R&D consortia. Korean R&D promotion policies were introduced 2030 years later than Japan. In contrast to the Japanese case, Korean protective industrial policies prolonged and encouraged the duplication of technological capabilities among the major chaebols. Korean R&D consortia did not fully promote R&D cooperation, Knowledge-sharing, or scale economies equivalent to the Japanese level. The organizational and institutional structure which developed under Korean industrial policy became an obstacle to the effective implementation of cooperative RD. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: R&D Consortia, Japan, Korea, Industrial Policy, R&D Promotion, Growth, Productivity, Government, Consortia, Sematech, BenefitsLockett, A., Murray, G. and Wright, M. (2002), Do UK venture capitalists still have a bias against investment in new technology firms. Research Policy, 31 (6), 1009-1030.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 1009.pdfAbstract: The growing economic and political importance of the ‘New Economy’ throughout 1990s has added greater saliency to both supply and demand sides, policy oriented questions about the availability of venture capital as a catalyst for new or ‘high’ technology-based, early-stage investments. This paper analyses the changing attitudes of UK venture capital firms to investment in technology enterprises. A 1999 survey of 60 UK venture capital firms was structured to be directly comparable to a 1991 study. The main findings demonstrate the increasing importance of technology investments to VC firms, particularly ‘generalists’. Accordingly, the adoption of collaborative strategies to access intellectual capital and complimentary resources via inter-firm networks is particularly important. The authors conclude that despite material improvements a bias is likely to remain against VC firms’ involvement in the earliest (seed and start-up) stages of the technology investment cycle. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Venture Capital, Seed Capital, New Technology-Based Firms, Technology Policy, European-Union, Finance, Markets, Growth, Industry, BuyoutsTether, B.S. (2002), Who co-operates for innovation, and why: An empirical analysis. Research Policy, 31 (6), 947-967.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 947.pdfAbstract: In recent years, there has been growing interest in co-operative arrangements for innovation, with some commentators arguing innovation is no longer the province of individual firms, but depends increasingly on collective action. This paper examines the response to the UK’s version of the second European community innovation survey (CIS-2) to investigate the patterns of co-operation between innovating firms and external partners. The analysis shows the relationship between innovation and co-operation is not straightforward. From a subjective (i.e. firm based) perspective, it is clear that most firms still develop their new products, processes and services without forming (formal) co-operative arrangements for innovation with other organisations. However, firms that engage in R&D and that are attempting to introduce higher level innovations, i.e. ‘new to the market’ rather than ‘new to the firm’ innovations-are much more likely to engage in co-operative arrangements for innovation. Consequently, if an objective (i.e. innovation-based) perspective is taken, which weighs innovations by their significance, then it is likely that a significant proportion of high-level innovations are developed through co-operative arrangements, although unfortunately the CIS-2 does not indicate the direct significance of these arrangements to the development of the innovations. In summary, the extent of co-operative arrangements for innovation appears to depend on the type of firms being considered and on what is meant by innovation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Innovation, CIS-2, Co-Operation, Research-and-Development, Technological Innovation, Cooperation, Networks, FirmsFurman, J.L., Porter, M.E. and Stern, S. (2002), The determinants of national innovative capacity. Research Policy, 31 (6), 899-933.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 899.pdfAbstract: Motivated by differences in innovation intensity across advanced economies, this paper presents an empirical examination of the determinants of country-level production of international patents. We introduce a novel framework based on the concept of national innovative capacity. National innovative capacity is the ability of a country to produce and commercialize a flow of innovative technology over the long term. National innovative capacity depends on the strength of a nation’s common innovation infrastructure (cross-cutting factors which contribute broadly to innovativeness throughout the economy), the environment for innovation in a nation’s industrial clusters, and the strength of linkages between these two, We use this framework to guide an empirical exploration into the determinants of country-level differences in innovation intensity, examining the relationship between international patenting (patenting by foreign countries in United States) and variables associated with the national innovative capacity framework. While there are important measurement issues arising from the use of patent data, the results suggest that the production function for international patents is well-characterized by a small but nuanced set of observable factors. We find that while a great deal of variation across countries is due to differences in the level of inputs devoted to innovation (R&D manpower and spending), an extremely important role is played by factors associated with differences in R&D productivity (policy choices such as the extent of IP protection and openness to international trade, the share of research performed by the academic sector and funded by the private sector, the degree of technological specialization, and each individual country’s knowledge ‘stock’). Further, national innovative capacity influences downstream commercialization, such as achieving a high market share of high-technology export markets. Finally, there has been convergence among OECD countries in terms of the estimated level of innovative capacity over the past quarter century. Journal of Economic Literature classification: technological change (03); technological change: choices and consequences (033); economic growth and aggregate productivity: comparative studies (057). (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.Keywords: National Innovative Capacity, Endogenous Technological Change, National Innovation Systems, Patents, R&D Productivity, R-and-D, Economic-Growth, D Spillovers, Biotechnology, Productivity, Diffusion, Birth, OECDRoper, S. and Love, J.H. (2002), Innovation and export performance: Evidence from the UK and German manufacturing plants. Research Policy, 31 (7), 1087-1102.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 1087.pdfAbstract: Using comparable plant-level surveys we demonstrate significant differences between the determinants of export performance among the UK and German manufacturing plants. Product innovation, however measured, has a strong effect on the probability and propensity to export in both countries. Being innovative is positively related to export probability in both countries. In the UK the scale of plants’ innovation activity is also related positively to export propensity. In Germany, however, where levels of innovation intensity are higher but the proportion of sales attributable to new products is lower, there is some evidence of a negative relationship between the scale of innovation activity and export performance.Significant differences are identified between innovative and non-innovative plants, especially in their absorption of spill-over effects. Innovative UK plants are more effective in their ability to exploit spill-overs from the innovation activities of companies in the same sector. In Germany, by contrast, non-innovators are more likely to absorb regional and supply-chain spill-over effects. Co-location to other innovative firms is generally found to discourage exporting. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Innovation, Exports, Spill-Over Effects, Research-and-Development, Trade Performance, Product Quality, Firms, Determinants, Industries, Location, Dynamics, Networks, SuccessMurray, F. (2002), Innovation as co-evolution of scientific and technological networks: exploring tissue engineering. Research Policy, 31 (8-9), 1389-1403.Full Text: R\Res Pol31, 1389.pdfAbstract: The question of exactly how science is commercialized is an important one. While the social structures of ‘science’ and ‘technology’ are distinctive, recent work suggests that scientific and technological ideas in fact co-evolve. This paper addresses the dynamics of such co-evolution: are scientific networks deeply co-mingled with networks through which technology is created and if so how? It does so in a study of an emerging area of biomedicine––tissue engineering. The research is based on a novel methodology that takes advantage of the fact that an idea is often inscribed in both a patent and paper, thus forming a patent–paper pair. Starting with the pair, it is possible to trace the citation network of patents, papers, inventors and authors, combining traditional bibliometric analysis with in-depth interviews to provide new insights. The results show that for this case there exist distinctive scientific and technological networks. Furthermore, while there is evidence of overlap, it is neither co-publishing nor citation as might be predicted from current literature. Rather co-mingling exists through founding, licensing, consulting and advising. This has implications for our understanding of the processes through which spillovers arise, the way in which commercialization and technology transfer should be structured and for recent debates on conflict of interest in biomedicine.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biotechnology, Biotechnology, Citation, Citation Network, Conflict of Interest, Dynamics, Entrepreneurship, Industry, Innovation, Knowledge, Literature, Network, Networks, Patents, Research, Science, Science, Spillovers, Technology, Technology TransferSiegel, D.S., Waldman, D. and Link, A. (2003), Assessing the impact of organizational practices on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices: An exploratory study. Research Policy, 32 (1), 27-48.Full Text: R\Res Pol32, 27.pdfAbstract: We present quantitative and qualitative evidence on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices (TTOs). Our empirical results suggest that TTO activity is characterized by constant returns to scale and that environmental and institutional factors explain some of the variation in performance. Productivity may also depend on organizational practices. Unfortunately, there are no quantitative measures available on such practices, so we rely on inductive, qualitative methods to identify them. Based on 55 interviews of 98 entrepreneurs, scientists, and administrators at five research universities, we conclude that the most critical organizational factors are faculty reward systems, TTO staffing/compensation practices, and cultural barriers between universities and firms.Keywords: Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), University/Industry Technology Transfer (UITT), Stochastic Frontier Estimation (SFE)? Jiménez-Contreras, E., Anegón, F.D. and López-Cózar, E.D. (2003), The evolution of research activity in Spain - The impact of the National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity (CNEAI). Research Policy, 32 (1), 123-142.Full Text: 2003\Res Pol32, 123.pdfAbstract: This article outlines the evolution of international scientific production in Spain over the last 25 years, a period characterised by steady growth in research production. The following stages in this process are identified in accordance with some of the factors that predominated at different times. From 1974 to 1982 production increased due to causes endogenous to the scientific system itself, as scientists brought their work into line with the patterns which characterised research in other industrialised countries. From 1982 to 1991 the prioritisation of R&D by government administrative bodies represented a constant stimulus, implemented through a set of legal measures, investments and the creation of posts for new researchers. From 1989 to the present the creation of the Comision Nacional de Evaluacion de la Actividad Investigadora (National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity, CNEAI) and the research incentive system have provided a further stimulus, which has led to the maintenance of, and an increase in, the rate of research production in spite of the net decrease in the monetary value of research grants awarded during the last period analysed. Other special characteristics of Spanish research, such as its dependence on the public sector and its essentially academic nature, are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Biomedical-Research, Cneai, Countries, Evolution, Growth, Health-Sciences, Impact, Journals, Pharmacology, Productivity, Publications, R&D, Research, Research Activity, Research Policy, Research Production, Sci 1984-89, Science, Scientific Assessment, Scientific Production, Scientific Publications, Spain, Spanish Scientific Production, SystemButler, L. (2003), Explaining Australia’s increased share of ISI publications––the effects of a funding formula based on publication counts. Research Policy, 32 (1), 143-155.Full Text: R\Res Pol32, 143.pdfAbstract: Australia’s share of publications in the Science Citation Index (SCI) has increased by 25% in the last decade. The worrying aspect associated with this trend is the significant decline in citation impact Australia is achieving relative to other countries. It has dropped from sixth position in a ranking of 11 OECD countries in 1988, to 10th position by 1993, and the distance from ninth place continues to widen.The increased publication activity came at a time when publication output was expected to decline due to pressures facing the higher education sector, which accounts for over two-thirds of Australian publications. This paper examines possible methodological and contextual explanations of the trends in Australia’s presence in the SCI, and undertakes a detailed comparison of two universities that introduced diverse research management strategies in the late 1980s. The conclusion reached is that the driving force behind the Australian trends appears to lie with the increased culture of evaluation faced by the sector. Significant funds are distributed to universities, and within universities, on the basis of aggregate publication counts, with little attention paid to the impact or quality of that output. In consequence, journal publication productivity has increased significantly in the last decade, but its impact has declined.Keywords: Research Funding, Bibliometrics, Effects of Evaluation, University Research, ProductivityDi Gregorio, D. and Shane, S. (2003), Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? Research Policy, 32 (2), 209-227.Full Text: R\Res Pol32, 209.pdfAbstract: The results of this study provide insight into why some universities generate more new companies to exploit their intellectual property than do others. We compare four different explanations for cross-institutional variation in new firm formation rates from university technology licensing offices (TLOs) over the 1994–1998 period––the availability of venture capital in the university area; the commercial orientation of university research and development; intellectual eminence; and university policies. The results show that intellectual eminence, and the policies of making equity investments in TLO start-ups and maintaining a low inventor’s share of royalties increase new firm formation. The paper discusses the implications of these results for university and public policy.Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Technology Transfer, University Intellectual PropertyMcKelvey, M., Alm, H. and Riccaboni, M. (2003), Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology–pharmaceutical sector? Research Policy, 32 (3), 483-501.Full Text: R\Res Pol32, 483.pdfAbstract: This article addresses the validity of assumptions about the importance of co-locality for innovation, by analyzing whether or not co-location matters for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology–pharmaceutical sector, or biotech–pharma sector. The population of Swedish biotech–pharma firms has been defined, based on the three criteria of geographical location, their engagement in active knowledge development, and their specialized knowledge/product focus. The firms’ patterns of regional, national and international collaboration with other firms and with universities is analyzed, as well as the differing collaborative patterns of small versus large firm. In addressing the theoretical questions about the relative importance of co-location for innovation, the article also provides an empirical overview of the Swedish biotech–pharma sector, especially trends over time. This paper thus contributes to the literature by expanding our empirical knowledge about one European biotech–pharma sectoral system, e.g. Sweden, as well as addressing the theoretical question about the relative importance of co-location for formal knowledge collaboration.Keywords: Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Innovation Systems, Sweden, CollaborationMahmood, I.P. and Singh, J. (2003), Technological dynamism in Asia. Research Policy, 32 (6), 1031-1054.Full Text: R\Res Pol32, 1031.pdf R\Res Pol33, 2.pdfAbstract: We analyze innovation in emerging and newly industrialized economies over the past 30 years, with the emphasis being on Asian economies. We use US patent data to study how the innovative capabilities of Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore have expanded in relation to emerging economies in Asia and Latin America. We then carry out a sector-level analysis of innovation for South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, India and China. We also study the relative importance of foreign multinationals, business groups, individuals, domestic firms and research institutes in innovation. Finally, we study the overall concentration of innovative activity in Asian economies.Keywords: Innovation, Technology, Patents, Growth, AsiaHayashi, T. (2003), Effect of R&D programmes on the formation of university–industry–government networks: Comparative analysis of Japanese R&D programmes. Research Policy, 32 (8), 1421-1442.Full Text: R\Res Pol32, 1421.pdfJapan has established several R&D programmes since the 1980s aimed at basic and fundamental R&D in response to the criticism of its free-riding on Western basic research. In some of these programmes, the linkages between university, industry and government have been a requirement for formation or selection of projects. In this paper, it is investigated how five Japanese R&D programmes promote inter-sectoral and inter-institutional networks. The result shows that the projects of the Next Generation Programme for pre-competitive research formed few but multiple university–industry–government linkages within each project by designing the complementary relationships among the participants. Linkages between private companies were not much formed except for the projects of the ERATO Programme, in which researchers temporarily leave their own institutes. The funds for more basic research was found to have little effect on the formation of networks within projects but do form the linkages outside the projects.Keywords: Japanese R&D Programme, University–Industry–Government Linkages, Bibliometric AnalysisMiotti, L. and Sachwald, F. (2003), Co-operative R&D: Why and with whom? An integrated framework of analysis. Research Policy, 32 (8), 1481-1499.Full Text: R\Res Pol32, 1481.pdfAbstract: Firms use R&D partnerships to access knowledge and build global R&D networks. This article develops an integrated framework to examine the determinants of the choice of partners with which firms co-operate on R&D. This resource-based perspective underscores the interactions between three major questions: why co-operate, who does and with whom? It argues in particular that the choice of partners is dictated by the complementary resources which the latter command. The framework is then expanded to predict the relative efficiency of R&D co-operation with different partners, including suppliers, clients, rivals, academic institutions and foreign firms. The empirical analysis, which is based on responses to France’s version of the second European community innovation survey (CIS-2), strongly supports the overall framework of analysis.Keywords: Co-operation, R&D Partnerships, Innovation, Resource-Based Theory of the Firm, European R&D Consortia? Diamond, Jr., A.M. (2003), Edwin Mansfield’s contributions to the economics of technology. Research Policy, 32 (9), 1607-1617.Full Text: 2003\Res Pol32, 1607.pdfAbstract: Edwin Mansfield’s contributions to the economics of technology are summarized from the early 1960s through his death in 1997. Mansfield’s methodology is discussed, as are his contributions on: the diffusion of technical innovation, the effect of firm size on innovation, the role of academic and basic research in increasing innovation and productivity, international technology transfer and the inaccuracy of technological forecasts. The economics profession’s evaluation of the relative importance of Mansfield’s work is presented, using as evidence citation counts of his works collected from the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). Identified as among Mansfield’s most important contributions are his work on the importance of academic research for industrial innovations, his empirical estimation of the rates of diffusion of different innovations, and his estimation of the private and social returns from investments in industrial innovations. Finally, we present Mansfield’s advice on the future of the economics of technology. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved.Keywords: Academic Research, Basic Research, Citation, Citation Counts, Diffusion, Elsevier, Evaluation, Firms, Growth, Industrial-Innovation, Innovation, Japan, Mansfield, Market-Structure, Productivity, R&D, R-and-D, Rates, Research, Science, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, SSCI, Technology, Technology Transfer, United-StatesBrusoni, S. and Geuna, A. (2003), An international comparison of sectoral knowledge bases: Persistence and integration in the pharmaceutical industry. Research Policy, 32 (10), 1897-1912.Full Text: R\Res Pol32, 1897.pdfAbstract: This paper builds upon and extends existing studies of scientific and technological specialisation by proposing an analytical framework to compare sectoral knowledge bases across countries. It develops the concepts of knowledge persistence and knowledge integration as the relevant dimensions along which knowledge bases can be compared. Persistence is studied by analysing the evolution of specialisation over time. It hints at the cumulative, path dependent nature of learning processes. Integration is studied by analysing the evolution of specialisation across different typologies of research. It hints at the complex, non-linear interdependencies that link the scientific and technological domains. On the strength of an original database encompassing 630,000 peer-reviewed papers published between 1989 and 1996 in I I chemistry and pharmacology-related fields across three types of research (i.e. basic, applied and development), it is argued that countries with high degrees of both persistence and integration (e.g. the US in pharmacology) are the most likely sources of useful research results for EU firms’ innovative efforts in the pharmaceutical sector. Also, some doubts are cast on the existence of a European paradox in pharmaceuticals. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Knowledge, Specialisation, Integration, European Paradox, Chemistry, Pharmaceuticals, NSI, Science and Technology Indicators, Bibliometric Analysis, Science, Specialization, Performance, Competences, Technology, Innovation, Chemistry, EconomicsJacobsson, S. and Rickne, A. (2004), How large is the Swedish ‘academic’ sector really? A critical analysis of the use of science and technology indicators. Research Policy, 33 (9), 1355-1372.Full Text: R\Res Pol33, 1355.pdfAbstract: Sweden is perceived to be top ranking, and a ‘role model’, in terms of its volume of academic R&D. This perception is based on analyses using two standard indicators. We assess the validity of these and argue that institutional features skew the result in favour of a high ranking. Swedish academic R&D is more appropriately characterised as average, or below average, in terms of input and above average in terms of output. Science policy makers need to acknowledge this and devise policies that strengthen, rather than threaten the functioning of an efficient system.Keywords: Academic Sector, Bibliometrics, Indicators, R&D, Science and Technology, SwedenMeyer, M., Pereira, T.S., Persson, O. and Granstrand, O. (2004), The scientometric world of Keith Pavitt: A tribute to his contributions to research policy and patent analysis. Research Policy, 33 (9), 1405-1417.Full Text: R\Res Pol33, 1405.pdfAbstract: Keith Pavitt has made pioneering contributions to the study of science, technology and innovation. This paper aims to examine some of them on the basis of a bibliometric analysis of Keith Pavitt’s work and the impact that he has had. First the paper follows how Pavitt’s publication profile develops over time. Then we trace his most cited works and explore the sets of references in his papers. Author and journal co-citation maps illustrate the intellectual environment associated with Pavitt and the central role Research Policy played in this context. An analysis of the most frequently cited authors in Research Policy and Scientometrics underlines Keith Pavitt’s role as both a shaper of, and a bridge between, science and technology policy and bibliometric analysis.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Co-Citation, Indicators, Innovation, Journal, Keith Pavitt, Patent, Patent Analysis, Publication, Research, Science, Science and Technology, Statistics, TechnologyD’Este, P. (2005), How do firms’ knowledge bases affect intra-industry heterogeneity? An analysis of the Spanish pharmaceutical industry. Research Policy, 34 (1), 33-45.Full Text: R\Res Pol34, 33.pdfAbstract: This paper aims to contribute to the analysis of within industry inter-firm variety. The paper develops two themes: (i) the analysis of intra-industry heterogeneity, and (II) the extent to which higher performance is associated with the capacity of firms to expand their knowledge base. The main contribution of the paper is empirical, based on a data source consisting of information on documents published in international scientific journals by Spanish pharmaceutical firms. The empirical results support the argument that the firm’s knowledge base is a main driver of persistent heterogeneity within industries. We find systematic variety in terms of how firms articulate their research activities, and positive correlation between firms’ knowledge diversification and performance.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Firm Heterogeneity, Innovation, Journals, Knowledge Base, Knowledge Diversification, Research, Spanish Pharmaceutical Industry? Rigby, J. and Edler, J. (2005), Peering inside research networks: Some observations on the effect of the intensity of collaboration on the variability of research quality. Research Policy, 34 (6), 784-794.Full Text: 2005\Res Pol34, 784.pdfAbstract: Although there is some general agreement that increasing levels of collaboration amongst academics produce research papers that receive more citations, and that larger numbers of citations often imply higher quality, the issue of collaboration and its effect upon research output remains a controversial area with a wide range of views of what role collaboration plays and its general implications for quality. This paper re-examines the process of collaboration within research networks. It considers the role of collaboration and its effect on quality by studying the relationship between the level of interaction within research networks (collaboration) and the extent of variability of quality within those research networks. Twenty-two scientific networks from Austria are examined. The findings of the analysis are that increasing levels of collaboration are strongly associated with lower levels of variability of quality within each network. The conclusion is therefore drawn that collaboration at the level of the research network acts upon research quality qua peer review and that this peer review effect is inherent throughout the research process. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Collaboration, Impact, Innovation, Level, Model, Molecular-Biology, Multiple Authorship, Peer Review, Publication, Research, Sciencevon Wartburg, I., Teichert, T. and Rost, K. (2005), Inventive progress measured by multi-stage patent citation analysis. Research Policy, 34 (10), 1591-1607.Full Text: 2005\Res Pol34, 1591.pdfAbstract: Studies of technological change constitute a field of growing importance and sophistication. In this paper we contribute to the discussion with a methodological reflection and application of multi-stage patent citation analysis for the measurement of inventive progress. Investigating specific patterns of patent citation data, we conclude that single-stage citation analysis cannot reveal technological paths or lineages. Therefore, one should also make use of indirect citations and bibliographical coupling. To measure aspects of cumulative inventive progress, we develop a ‘shared specialization measure’ of patent families. We relate this measure to an expert rating of the technological value added in the field of variable valve actuation for internal combustion engines. In sum, the study presents promising evidence for multi-stage patent citation analysis in order to explain aspects of technological change.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Combined Cocitation, Exploration, Frequency, Indicators, Innovations, Networks, Patents, Science, Social Network Analysis, Statistics, Technological Change, Technological-Change, Word Analysis? Zhou, P. and Leydesdorff, L. (2006), The emergence of China as a leading nation in science. Research Policy, 35 (1), 83-104.Full Text: 2006\Res Pol35, 83.pdfAbstract: China has become the fifth leading nation in terms of its share of the world’s scientific publications. The citation rate of papers with a Chinese address for the corresponding author also exhibits exponential growth. More specifically, China has become a major player in critical technologies like nanotechnology. Although it is difficult to delineate nanoscience and nanotechnology, we show that China has recently achieved a position second only to that of the USA. Funding for R&D has been growing exponentially, but since 1997 even more in terms of business expenditure than in terms of government expenditure. It seems that the Chinese government has effectively used the public-sector research potential to boost the knowledge-based economy of the country. Thus, China may be achieving the (“Lisbon”) objectives of the transition to a knowledge-based economy more broadly and rapidly than its western counterparts. Because of the sustained increase in Chinese government funding and the virtually unlimited reservoir of highly skilled human resources, one may expect a continuation of this growth pattern in the near future. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Publications, Citations, World Share, Highly Cited Papers, Nanotechnology, Performance, Journals, Graphs, System, Impact, Korea? Groot, T. and García-Valderrama, T. (2006), Research quality and efficiency: An analysis of assessments and management issues in Dutch economics and business research programs. Research Policy, 35 (9), 1362-1376.Full Text: 2006\Res Pol35, 1362.pdfAbstract: Assessments of quality and productivity of academic research programs become more and more important in gaining financial support, in hiring and promoting research staff, and in building academic reputation. Most assessments are based on peer review or on bibliometric information. In this paper we analyze both bibliometric data and peer review assessments of 169 research groups in economics, econometrics and business administration. The evaluations are achieved in two independent rounds in 1995 and in 2001, permitting replication of our study. The purpose of this study is twofold. In the first part we want to see to what degree bibliometric information relates to peer review judgments. The results convey how evaluators weight different output categories in their final overall judgment of academic quality. The results also have practical meaning, since they indicate what the predictive ability of bibliometric data is for future peer review outcomes. In the second part of this study we aim at explaining differences in research output quality and productivity by organizational factors, like size of the research group, composition of staff, sources of research funding and academic discipline. In this part, a composite indicator is used to represent the review committees’ overall assessment. The bibliometric data most strongly related to the peer reviews’ overall assessment are used to construct data envelopment analyses’ efficiency scores as measure of research productivity. The main conclusions from our study are that the number of publications in international top journals is the best predictor of peer review assessment results. Changes in the classification of bibliometric information, as introduced in the second evaluation round, do not alter this conclusion. Size of the research group appears to be the only permanent characteristic associated with research quality and productivity. Size is positively related to research quality but negatively related to research productivity. Larger groups appear to have the potential to improve quality, but as groups become larger, they also experience problems in maintaining the research productivity of the research team’s members. The remaining organizational characteristics appear to be temporarily related to research quality and productivity. In the first evaluation round, research productivity and quality are associated with the discipline variable: research programs in more quantitative areas and characterized by a higher level of paradigm development like econometrics and operations research achieved higher levels of research quality and productivity than programs in more diverse and less quantitative areas like business administration. This relation however is not permanent, since it becomes insignificant in the second evaluation round. Instead, funding relations become more apparent in the second review round. The relative amount of national funding in the research group’s funding becomes positively related to academic quality, whereas the portion of income from committed research is negatively related to academic quality of the programs’ research output. This may have been caused by the increased importance of alternative sources of research funding in the period of the second review.Keywords: Academic, Academic Discipline, Accounting-Research, Administration, Analysis, Assessment, Assessments, Bibliometric, Building, Business Administration, Characteristics, Classification, Composite, Composition, Data Envelopment Analysis, Determinants, Determinants of Research Efficiency, Development, Economics, Efficiency, Evaluation, Funding, Group, Groups, Hiring, Importance, Income, Indicator, Inference, Information, Journals, Levels, Longitudinal Analysis of Micro-Units of Production, Management, Meaning, Models, Non-Parametric Analysis, Organizational, Outcomes, Output, Paper, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Productivity, Publications, Quality, Replication, Research, Research Funding, Research in Economics and Business Administration, Research Productivity, Research Quality, Review, Reviews, Size, Sources, Support, University-Research? Meyer, M. (2006), Are patenting scientists the better scholars? An exploratory comparison of inventor-authors with their non-inventing peers in nano-science and technology. Research Policy, 35 (10), 1646-1662.Full Text: 2006\Res Pol35, 1646.pdfAbstract: This paper explores the relationship between scientific publication and patenting activity. More specifically, it examines for the field of nano-science and nano-technology whether researchers who both publish and patent are more productive and more highly cited than their peers who concentrate on scholarly publication in communicating their research results. This study is based on an analysis of the nano-science publications and nano-technology patents of a small set of European countries. While only a very few nano-scientists appear to hold patents in nano-technology, many nano-inventors seem to be actively publishing nano-science research. Overall, the patenting scientists appear to outperform their solely publishing (non-inventing) peers in terms of publication counts and citation frequency. However, a closer examination of the highly active and highly cited nano-authors points to a slightly different situation. While still over-represented among the highly cited authors, inventor-authors appear not to be among the most highly cited authors in that category, with a single notable exception. One policy implication is that, generally speaking, patenting activity does not appear to have an adverse impact on the publication and citation performance of researchers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Academic Inventors, Activity, Analysis, Bibliometrics, Biotechnology, Citation, Citation Frequency, Comparison, DEC, Entrepreneurial Universities, Examination, Impact, Innovation, Knowledge, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Networks, Paper, Patent-Publication Trade-Off, Patents, Patterns, Performance, Policy, Public Science, Publication, Publications, Publishing, Research, Research Results, Science-Technology Linkage, Star Scientists, Triple-Helix? Guan, J.C. and Ma, N. (2007), China’s emerging presence in nanoscience and nanotechnology - A comparative bibliometric study of several nanoscience ‘giants’. Research Policy, 36 (6), 880-886.Full Text: 2007\Res Pol36, 880.pdfAbstract: This paper aims to provide an integrated bibliometric analysis of the knowledge base of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the Chinese research community. For comparative purposes, the results are benchmarked against the findings from four other major nations: France, Germany, Japan, and the USA. It is found that China is productive in nanoscience as far as publication activity is concerned. The analyses of collaboration and institutional patterns enable us to identify the active collaborative networks and productive research institutions among the five countries. Finally, analysis of the citation share and certain surrogate indicators shows that the Chinese scientific community needs to work on improving its research impact. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Study, China, Citation, Citations, Collaboration, Countries, France, Germany, Impact, Indicators, Interdisciplinarity, Japan, Knowledge, Nanoscience, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, Nations, Patterns, Publication, Publication Activity, Publications, Research, Science, Theil’s Index, USA? Zucker, L.G., Darby, M.R., Furner, J., Liu, R.C. and Ma, H.Y. (2007), Minerva unbound: Knowledge stocks, knowledge flows and new knowledge production. Research Policy, 36 (6), 850-863.Full Text: 2007\Res Pol36, 850.pdfAbstract: Regional growth of new knowledge in nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and patents in the open-access digital library NanoBank, is shown to be positively affected both by the size of existing regional stocks of recorded knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit knowledge in all fields flows between institutions of different organizational types. The level of federal funding has a large, robust impact on both publication and patenting. The data provide support for the cumulative advantage model of knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts to institutionalize channels through which cross-organizational collaboration may be achieved. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.Keywords: 19th-Century Boston, Bibliometrics, Biotechnology, Boundary Spanning, Collaboration, Cultural Entrepreneurship, Economics, Firms, Funding, Growth, Impact, Knowledge, Nanotechnology, Open Access, Organization Type, Patents, Publication, Research-And-Development, Science, Size, Spillovers, Technological Opportunity? Guan, J.C. and Ma, N. (2007), China’s emerging presence in nanoscience and nanotechnology - A comparative bibliometric study of several nanoscience ‘giants’. Research Policy, 36 (6), 880-886.Full Text: 2007\Res Pol36, 880.pdfAbstract: This paper aims to provide an integrated bibliometric analysis of the knowledge base of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the Chinese research community. For comparative purposes, the results are benchmarked against the findings from four other major nations: France, Germany, Japan, and the USA. It is found that China is productive in nanoscience as far as publication activity is concerned. The analyses of collaboration and institutional patterns enable us to identify the active collaborative networks and productive research institutions among the five countries. Finally, analysis of the citation share and certain surrogate indicators shows that the Chinese scientific community needs to work on improving its research impact. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Study, China, Citation, Citations, Collaboration, Countries, France, Germany, Impact, Indicators, Interdisciplinarity, Japan, Knowledge, Nanoscience, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, Nations, Patterns, Publication, Publication Activity, Publications, Research, Science, Theil’s Index, USA? Mogoutov, A. and Kahane, B. (2007), Data search strategy for science and technology emergence: A scalable and evolutionary query for nanotechnology tracking. Research Policy, 36 (6), 893-903.Full Text: 2007\Res Pol36, 893.pdfAbstract: Nanotechnology, like other emerging technologies that increasingly characterize the dynamic of our era, makes specific demands on datamining to track and interpret efficiently what is happening, through publications and other scientific output. We here propose and describe a strategy based on an automated lexical modular methodology to overcome rapidly evolving content and classification problems, which may otherwise accommodate poor quality of data and expert bias, with potential dire consequences for interpretation. decision and strategy. The proposed methodology is based on an initial nanostring enriched and screened by eight subfields, automatically identified and defined through the journal inter-citation network density displayed in the initial core nanodataset. Relevant keywords linked to each subfield are then tested for their specificity and relevance before being sequentially incorporated to build a modular query. We then, as a first test, compare the database constructed using this methodology for years 2003 and 2005 with those obtained by other approaches previously used to cover and explore the nanotechnology dynamic. Finally, using the inherent transparency, portablity and replicability of our methodology, we offer, in order to help our initial query evolve and develop, a set of evaluation processes for tests by researchers in the nano field, other scientometric teams and intelligence experts involved in decision-making processes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Classification, Core, Database, Datamining, Decision Making, Emergence, Emergent Technologies, Evaluation, Field, Intelligence, Journal, Methodology, Nanotechnology, Network, Publications, Quality, Relevance, Science, Science and Technology, Scientific Output, Technologies, Technology? Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C.A. and Caprasecca, A. (2009), Allocative efficiency in public research funding: Can bibliometrics help? Research Policy, 38 (1), 206-215.Full Text: 2009\Res Pol38, 206.pdfAbstract: The use of outcome control modes of research evaluation exercises is ever more frequent. They are conceived as tools to stimulate increased levels of research productivity, and to guide choices in allocating components of government research budgets for publicly funded institutions. There are several contributions in the literature that compare the different methodological approaches that policy makers could adopt for these exercises, however the comparisons are limited to only a few disciplines. This work, examining the case of the whole of the “hard sciences” of the Italian academic system, makes a comparison between results obtained from peer review type of evaluations (as adopted by the Ministry of Universities and Research) and those possible from a bibliometric approach (as developed by the authors). The aim is to understand to what extent bibliometric methodology, which is noted as relatively inexpensive, time-saving and exhaustive, can complement and integrate peer review methodology in research evaluation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Academic, Approach, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Approach, Bibliometrics, Budgets, Citation, Comparison, Control, Developed, Disciplines, Efficiency, Evaluation, Exercises, Funding, Government, Impact-Factors, Indicators, Institutions, Literature, Methodology, Outcome, Peer, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Performance, Policy, Productivity, Public, Research, Research Assessment, Research Budgets, Research Evaluation, Research Funding, Research Productivity, Review, Rights, Universities, Universities, Work? Goodall, A.H. (2009), Highly cited leaders and the performance of research universities. Research Policy, 38 (7), 1079-1092.Full Text: 2009\Res Pol38, 1079.pdfAbstract: There is a large literature on the productivity of universities. Little is known, however, about how different types of leader affect a university’s later performance. To address this, I blend quantitative and qualitative evidence. By constructing a new longitudinal dataset, I find that on average the research quality of a university improves some years after it appoints a president(vice chancellor) who is an accomplished scholar. To try to explain why scholar-leaders might improve the research performance of their institutions, I draw from interview data with 26 heads in universities in the United States and United Kingdom. The findings have policy implications for governments, universities, and a range of research and knowledge-intensive organizations. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.Keywords: Citation Counts, Departments, Economic-Development, Expert Knowledge, Higher-Education, Impact, Information-Science, Innovation, Leaders, Leadership, Library, Literature, Policy, Ratings, Research, Research Assessment Exercise, Research Output, Research Performance, Universities, University? Ponomariov, B.L. and Boardman, P.C. (2010), Influencing scientists’ collaboration and productivity patterns through new institutions: University research centers and scientific and technical human capital. Research Policy, 39 (5), 613-624.Full Text: 2010\Res Pol39, 613.pdfAbstract: This paper analyzes the effect of university research centers on the productivity and collaboration patterns of university faculty. University research centers are an important subject for policy analysis insofar that they have become the predominant policy response to scientific and technical demands that have not been met by extant institutions, including academic departments, private firms, and government laboratories. Specifically, these centers aim to organize researchers from across the disciplines and sectors which, collectively as a research unit, possess the scientific and technical capacity relevant to scientific and technical goals of the sponsoring agencies. In this paper, we measure the productivity and collaboration patterns of university researchers affiliated with a relatively large-scale and “mature” university research center to discern the effects, if any, of the center mechanism on individual scientists and engineers. Based on an analysis of longitudinal bibliometric data, the results from this case study demonstrate affiliation with the center to be effective at enhancing overall productivity as well as at facilitating cross-discipline, cross-sector, and inter-institutional productivity and collaborations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Data, Bibliometrics, Capacity, Careers, Collaboration, Cross-Discipline, Effects, Elsevier, Engineers, Flows, Human, Human Capital, Impact, Industry, Innovation, Longitudinal, Management, Mechanism, Organizations, Peer, Policy, Productivity, Research, Research Collaboration, Researchers, Science and Technology Policy, Technology, University, University Research, University Research Center, University Research Centers? Park, H.W. and Leydesdorff, L. (2010), Longitudinal trends in networks of university-industry-government relations in South Korea: The role of programmatic incentives. Research Policy, 39 (5), 640-649.Full Text: 2010\Res Pol39, 640.pdfAbstract: This study examines the longitudinal trend of systemness in networked research relations in South Korea using a triple helix (TH) indicator of university-industry-government (UIG) relations. The data were harvested from the Science Citation Index (SCI) and its counterparts in the social sciences (SSCI) and the arts and humanities (A&HCI). The total number of Korean SCI publications has grown rapidly since 1965. However, the TH indicator shows that the network dynamics have varied considerably according to the research policies of the national government. The collaboration patterns, as measured by co-authorship relations in the SCI noticeably increased, with some variation, from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s. However, inter-institutional collaboration in the first decade of the 21st century was negatively influenced by the new national science and technology (S&T) research policies that evaluated domestic scientists and research groups based on their international publication numbers rather than on the level of cooperation among academic, private, and public domains. The results reveal that Korea has failed to boost its national research capacity by neglecting the network effects in science, technology, and industry. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Asia, Capacity, Citation, Co-Authorship, Collaboration, Dynamics, Effects, Elsevier, Groups, Humanities, Industry, Information, Innovation Systems, International, Knowledge-Base, Korea, Longitudinal, Longitudinal Analysis, National Research System, National Science, Networks, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Groups, S-And-T, Sci, Science, Science And Technology, Science Citation Index, Scientometrics, Social Sciences, South Korea, Ssci, Technology, Terms, Trend, Trends, Triple Helix, Triple-Helix Dynamics? Laursen, K. and Meliciani, V. (2010), The role of ICT knowledge flows for international market share dynamics. Research Policy, 39 (5), 687-697.Full Text: 2010\Res Pol39, 687.pdfAbstract: This paper investigates the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) related knowledge flows for international market shares. Using bibliometric data on scientific publications, we analyse the relationship between the strength of 14 OECD countries in four ICT-related scientific fields and the ability of those countries to maintain and acquire export market shares in the OECD market, across 16 manufacturing industries over the period 1981-2003. We find that domestic and foreign ICT-related scientific knowledge flows have a positive and significant impact on export market shares in ICT industries, while only domestic flows positively affect export shares in non-ICT industries. We also find that small open economies benefit more than other countries from foreign knowledge flows both in ICT and in non-ICT industries. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Data, Communication Technologies, Competitiveness, Dynamics, Elsevier, European Paradox, Export, Export Shares, Growth, ICT, Impact, Information Technology, Innovation, International, International Knowledge Flows, Knowledge, Manufacturing, National Knowledge Flows, Oecd Countries, Positive, Publications, Scientific Publications, Sectoral Patterns, Spillovers, Trade Performance? Sternitzke, C. (2010), Knowledge sources, patent protection, and commercialization of pharmaceutical innovations. Research Policy, 39 (6), 810-821.Full Text: 2010\Res Pol39, 810.pdfAbstract: This paper investigates different types of innovations (from radical to incremental) in the pharmaceutical industry by studying bibliometric data of drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), looking at time-to-market aspects, knowledge sources of these innovations, and protection strategies. Scientific knowledge stemming from the public sector is found to be important for all innovations. Nevertheless, radical innovations build on a higher degree on basic research, and they build on a significantly higher share of own prior scientific research than do incremental innovations. Furthermore, each drug is shown to be accompanied by, on average, about 19 journal publications and 23 additional patents. Additional patent filings peak when the commercialization of the drug is in reach. Firms do not differ among the various types of innovations regarding the amount of additional patent filings, but rather with the speed of filing these patents. Finally, this work contributes to the improvement of future econometric analyses that aim to link bibliometric indicators such as patent or publication counts to firm success. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Academic Research, Basic Research, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Data, Bibliometric Indicators, Commercialization, Drug Lifecycle Management, Efficient Capital-Markets, Elsevier, Firm Performance, Indicators, Industrial-Innovation, Industry, Journal, Knowledge, Patent, Patents, Pharmaceutical, Pharmaceutical Industry, Publication, Publication Counts, Publications, Radical Innovation, Radical Innovations, Research, Research-and-Development, Scientific Research, Scientific-Research, Sources, Success, Technological Trajectories, Technological-Innovation, Time Lags, United States, United-States? Daraio, C. and Moed, H.F. (2011), Is Italian science declining? Research Policy, 40 (10), 1380-1392.Full Text: 2011\Res Pol40, 1380.pdfAbstract: The paper analyses the Italian contribution to the world scientific production, its relative citation impact, its international collaborations and scientific productivity compared with the most productive EU countries over the period 1980-2009. It shows that despite the fact that the level of funding has been dramatically low during the past decades, Italian science has been able to increase its performance up to 2007. Italian science is a “cathedral in the desert”. However, a recent reduction in the level of scientific production, the lagging behind in international scientific collaboration (highly correlated with the relative citation impact) and the great heterogeneity of researchers’ productivity (absence of correlation of number of researchers with quality and quantity of scientific production) may mark the start of a decline of Italian science. The paper concludes that the increased funding must go hand-in-hand with reform of autonomy and governance and calling for a sound system of internal quality control and performance enhancement. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Academic Research, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citation Impact, Collaboration, Collaborations, Contribution, Control, Enhancement, EU, Funding, Impact, International Collaboration, Italian Science, Locally Weighted Regression, Low, Performance, Productivity, Public Research Organizations, Quality, Quality Control, R&D Policy, Reduction, Researchers, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Production, Scientific Productivity, UniversityTitle: Research Program EffectivenessFull Journal Title: Research Program EffectivenessISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Sher, I.H. and Garfield, E. (1966), New tools for improving and evaluating effectiveness of research. Research Program Effectiveness, 1965, 135-146.Full Text: 1960-80\Res Pro Eff1965, 135.pdfKeywords: ResearchTitle: Research Progress in Paper Industry and Biorefinery (4th ISETPP), Vols 1-3Full Journal Title: Research Progress in Paper Industry and Biorefinery (4th ISETPP), Vols 1-3ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Yang, D.M., Song, Z.Q. and Qian, X.R. (2010), Study of adsorption of papermaking anionic trash model by hydrotalcite and its calcined product. Research Progress in Paper Industry and Biorefinery (4th ISETPP), Vols 1-3, 1621-1624.Full Text: 2010\Res Pro Pap Ind Bio1-3, 1621.pdfAbstract: Mg-Al-CO3 hydrotalcite (HT) with Mg/Al molar ratio of 2:1 was prepared by co-precipitation method, and its calcined product (CHT) was obtained by calcining at 500?C. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of BA by HT and CHT were analyzed, and the impacts of adsorbent dosage and adsorption temperature on equilibrium adsorption quantities were studied. The results indicated that kinetic data of the adsorption of BA by HT and CHT under an ambient temperature of 293 K could be fitted by pseudo-second-order equation well. It was found that the adsorption isotherms obeyed the Freundlich equation. The equilibrium adsorption quantities of BA by HT and CHT gradually decreased with the increase of adsorbent added. The values of thermodynamic parameter (ΔH?) indicated that the adsorption of BA was endothermic on HT and was exothermic on CHT.Keywords: 2,4-D, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Anionic Trash Model, Aqueous-Solution, Benzoic Acid, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Hydrotalcite, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Layered Double Hydroxides, ThermodynamicTitle: Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportFull Journal Title: Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Stull, G.A., Christina, R.W. and Quinn, S.A. (1991), Accuracy of references in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62 (3), 245-248.Keywords: Accuracy, Bibliographic Citations, Bibliography, Citations, Journals, References, Verification? Prendergast, N.D. (1992), Comment on accuracy of references in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (Stull, Christina, and Quinn, 1991). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63 (3), 335-336.Keywords: Accuracy, Bibliographic Citation, Comment on, References, Verification? Cardinal, B.J. and Thomas, J.R. (2005), The 75th Anniversary of Research Quarterly for Exrercise and Sport: An analysis of status and contributions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76 (2), S122-S134.Abstract: In celebration of the 75th anniversary of The Research Quarterly/Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQ/RQES) an analysis was conducted comparing RQ/RQES to numerous other journals in the field with regard to impact factors and citation rates. A series of analyses was conducted from the first publication of RQ/RQES in 1930 through this 75th edition to identify total citations by decade, the top 10 cited papers, top cited papers by decade, the top three papers in 5-year intervals from the 50th anniversary issue in 1980 through 2001, and the outstanding research writing award papers since this award began 23 years ago.Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citations, Classification, Ego Orientation, Exercise, Highly Cited Papers, History of Science, Impact Factors, Journals, Kinesiology Journals, Movements, Performance, Physical-Activity, Publication, Research, Students, Task, TimeTitle: Research and Reviews in ParasitologyFull Journal Title: Research and Reviews in ParasitologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Alunda, J. (2002), Research in parasitology in Spain: bibliometric overview and elements to determine its status. Research and Reviews in Parasitology, 62 (3-4), 96-107.Keywords: Bibliometric, Parasitology, Research, SpainTitle: Research in Social and Administrative PharmacyFull Journal Title: Research in Social and Administrative PharmacyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Pinto, S.L., Lively, B.T., Siganga, W., Holiday-Goodman, M. and Kamm, G. (2006), Using the Health Belief Model to test factors affecting patient retention in diabetes-related pharmaceutical care services. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 2 (1), 38-58.Full Text: 2006\Res Soc Adm Pha2, 38.pdfAbstract:BackgroundDiabetes is one of the deadliest and most costly diseases. Attrition rates among patients in diabetes management programs may preclude optimal success. Theoretical models, such as the Health Belief Model, may be useful for identifying factors responsible for patients’ continued enrollment in such programs.Objectives(1) To design and test a reliable and valid survey instrument for assessing patients’ perceptions of diabetes-related pharmaceutical care services. (2) To determine factors affecting patient retention in pharmaceutical care services. MethodsThis cross-sectional exploratory study used convenience sampling to survey type 1 and 2 diabetes patients receiving pharmaceutical care at 25 Eckerd Pharmacy sites in Florida. Survey items were designed using constructs from the Health Belief Model. Reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) and validity (exploratory factor analysis) were assessed. Independent t tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis were conducted.ResultsSeventy usable surveys were returned (47%). In the absence of pharmaceutical care, patients felt susceptible to at least one of 8 diabetes-related conditions (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic foot infections, eye problems, cardiovascular risks, blood pressure problems, cholesterol problems, and kidney diseases). For these conditions, about 48% to 95% of patients perceived that their threat had reduced because of pharmaceutical care. Accordingly, more than half perceived the services as beneficial, with counseling for blood sugar monitoring rated as the most beneficial. All respondents rated the services as helpful, and 64 intended to continue regular utilization. Overall helpfulness of the service and patient retention were positively correlated (r = 0.33, P < .00). Perceived susceptibility predicted perceived threat reduction (R2 = 0.22, P < .01). Perceived threat reduction, blood sugar monitoring, and overall helpfulness of the service predicted patient retention in the service (R2 = 0.41, P < .00). Factor analysis extracted 4 factors: perceived threat reduction, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and blood sugar monitoring. Cronbach’s alphas for the scales ranged from 0.63 to 0.91.ConclusionTwo key constructs of the Health Belief Model influence use of diabetes-related pharmaceutical care services: perceived susceptibility and threat reduction. In an effort to increase patient retention, pharmacists need to assess patient perceptions and structure their services to address patient perceptions and concerns.Keywords: Diabetes, Pharmaceutical Care, Patient Perceptions, Patient Retention, Health Belief ModelTitle: Research on Social Work PracticeFull Journal Title: Research on Social Work PracticeISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1049-7315Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Pardeck, J.T. (1992), Are social-work journal editorial-boards competent - Some disquieting data with implications for Research on Social Work Practice. Research on Social Work Practice, 2 (4), 487-496.Full Text: Res Soc Wor Pra2, 487.pdfAbstract: This article describes a citation analysis of the journal-article contributions of the editorial board members of selected social work and psyhology journals. Social work editorial board members are cited by other scholars significantly less frequently than psychology journal editortal board members. This conclusion is based on the number of times editorial board members of selected social work and psychology journals were cited in the 1989 volume of the Social Sciences Citation Index. The implications of this finding for research on social work practice are discussed.Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, Journal, Journal Article, Journals, Practice, Psychology, Research, Social, Volume, Work? Spivey, C.A. and Wilks, S.E. (2004), Reference list accuracy in social work journals. Research on Social Work Practice, 14 (4), 281-286.Full Text: 2004\Res Soc Wor Pra14, 281.pdfAbstract: This exploratory study investigated the rate of citation errors in the reference lists of five social work journals. High error rates have been found in journals infields such as medicine and psychology but have not yet been investigated in social work journals. A stratified, computer-generated random sample was selected (N = 500, 100 per journal), and each reference was verified against the original work for accuracy in six fields: article title, author name(s), journal title, pagination, volume, and year In examining the total sample of 500 references across the five journals, 206 references (41.2%) contained at least one error. Suggestions for reduction of error rates are discussed, as are suggestions for future study in this area.Keywords: Social Work Publishing, Social Work Education, Reference Lists, Reference Errors, Reference Accuracy, Scholarly Writing, Citation Errors? Holden, G., Rosenberg, G., Barker, K. and Onghena, P. (2006), An assessment of the predictive validity of impact factor scores: Implications for academic employment decisions in social work. Research on Social Work Practice, 16 (6), 613-624.Full Text: 2006\Res Soc Wor Pra16, 613.pdfAbstract: Objective: Bibliometrics is a method of examining scholarly communications. Concerns regarding the use of bibliometrics in general, and the impact factor score (IFS) in particular have been discussed across disciplines including social work. Although there are frequent mentions in the literature of the IFS as an indicator of the impact or quality of scholars’ work, little empirical work has been published regarding the validity of such use. Method: A proportionate, stratified, random sample, of n = 323 articles was selected from 17 Web of Science listed social work journals published during the 1992 to 1994 period. Results: The relationship between journals’ IFSs and the actual impact of articles published in those journals (predictive validity) was r = .41 (short term) and r = .42 (long term). Conclusion: The practice of using the IFS as a proxy indicator of article impact merits significant concern as well as further empirical investigation.Keywords: Academic, Articles, Assessment, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Career Development, Citation Analysis, Citation Analysis, Decision Making, Editorial-Board Members, Educational Personnel, Faculty, General, Higher Education, Hiring, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factor Scores, Indicator, Investigation, Journal Impact, Multiple Authorship, Occupational Tenure, Personnel Promotion, Personnel Selection, Policy Digest, Practice, Predictive Validity, Proxy, Publication, Quality, Random Sample, Reappointment, Science, Scientific Communication, Social, Social Work, Social Work Education, Teacher Tenure, Validity, Web of Science? Thylor, B., Wylie, E., Dempster, M. and Donnelly, M. (2007), Systematically retrieving research: A case study evaluating seven databases. Research on Social Work Practice, 17 (6), 697-706.Full Text: 2007\Res Soc Wor Pra17, 697.pdfAbstract: Developing the scientific underpinnings of social welfare requires effective and efficient methods of retrieving relevant items from the increasing volume of research. Method: We compared seven databases by running the nearest equivalent search on each. The search topic was chosen for relevance to social work practice with older people. Results: Highest sensitivity was achieved by MEDLINE (52%), Social Sciences Citation Index (46%) and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (30%). Highest precision was achieved by AgeInfo (76%), PsycInfo (51 %) and Social Services Abstracts (41 %). Each database retrieved unique relevant articles. Conclusions: Comprehensive searching requires the development of information management skills. The social work profession would benefit from having a dedicated international database with the capability and facilities of major databases such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycInfo.Keywords: Case Study, Database, Databases, Development, Facilities, Information, International, Management, Methods, Older People, Practice, Precision, Profession, Relevance, Research, Sensitivity, Social, Social Welfare, Volume, Welfare, Work? Holden, G., Barker, K., Covert-Vail, L., Rosenberg, G. and Cohen, S.A. (2008), Does Social Work Abstracts work? Research on Social Work Practice, 18 (5), 487-499.Full Text: 2008\Res Soc Wor Pra18, 487.pdfAbstract: Objective: The current study seeks to provide estimates of the adequacy of journal coverage in the Social Work Abstracts (SWA) database. Method: A total of 23 journals listed in the Journal Citation Reports social work category during the 1997 to 2005 period were selected for study. Issue-level coverage estimates were obtained for SWA and PsycINFO, the comparison database. Results: Both databases provided less than optimal coverage of social work journals, and SWA performed significantly worse than did PsycINFO. Both databases provided better coverage of National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Press journals than non-NASW Press journals. Conclusion: The results provide evidence of substantial deficits in SWA that merit serious concern.Keywords: Adequacy, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Care, Citation, Comparison, Concern, Coverage, Database, Databases, Empirically Based Practice, Estimates, Evidence, Evidence-Based Practice, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journal Impact Factor, Journals, Listed, Literature Review, Meta-Analysis, Psycinfo, Publication, Social, Social Work, Social Work Journals, Social-Work, SWA, Systematic Review, Systematic Reviews, Work? Holden, G., Rosenberg, G., Barker, K. and Lioi, J. (2010), Research on social work practice a bibliometric evaluation of the first decade. Research on Social Work Practice, 20 (1), 11-20.Full Text: 2009\Res Soc Wor Pra20, 11.pdfAbstract: Objective: This article describes a bibliometric analysis of articles appearing in the journal Research on Social Work Practice (RSWP). Method: Descriptive and predictive analyses for the sample of 322 articles are presented. Results: The typical RSWP article was 15 pages long, had two authors and 28 references, and was cited for the first time 2 years after publication. The typical article was cited in two different years and for a total of three times during the publication year and six subsequent years. The overall sample of articles received a total of 1,139 citations during the year of publication and subsequent 6 years. Additional subsample analyses are presented. Conclusion: Articles published during RSWP’s first decade had an impact.Keywords: Articles, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Citation Counts, Citations, Editorial-Board, Impact, Journal Editorial, Miami Statement, Multiple Authorship, Practice Evaluation, Productivity, Program Evaluation, Psychology, Publication, Publication, Research, Scholarship, Social Work Journals, Sociology of Science, Web-of-Science? Hodge, D.R. and Lacasse, J.R. (2011), Evaluating journal quality: Is the h-Index a better measure than impact factors? Research on Social Work Practice, 21 (2), 222-230.Full Text: 2011\Res Soc Wor Pra21, 222.pdfAbstract: Objectives: This study evaluates the utility of a new measure-the h-index-that may provide a more valid approach to evaluating journal quality in the social work profession. Method: H-index values are compared with Thomson ISI 5-year impact factors and expert opinion. Results: As hypothesized, the h-index correlates highly with ISI 5-year impact factors; but exhibits closer agreement with expert opinion, particularly with high familiarity disciplinary journals. Conclusions: This evidence of convergent and discriminatory validity suggests that the h-index may have some utility in assessing social work journals. Notable advantages of the h-index include its compatibility with the profession’s applied research culture and its ability to be used with essentially all journals in which social workers publish.Keywords: Approach, Assessing, Bibliometric Data, Bibliometrics, Citation, Correlates, Culture, Evidence, Expert Opinion, Faculty Publication Project, Google-Scholar, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factors, ISI, Journal, Journal Quality, Journals, Mar, Perceptions, Productivity, Profession, Quality, Research, Science, Scopus, Social, Social Work Journals, Social-Work Journals, Utility, Validity, Web, Work? Lacasse, J.R., Hodge, D.R. and Bean, K.F. (2011), Evaluating the productivity of social work scholars using the h-Index. Research on Social Work Practice, 21 (5), 599-607.Full Text: 2011\Res Soc Wor Pra21, 599.pdfAbstract: Objectives: This article reports the first estimated h-index values for social work faculty. Methods: Multiple raters blindly assessed two samples of faculty (1) tenure-track faculty at institutions listed in the U.S. News and World Report top 10 (n = 337) and (2) tenure-track editorial board members of 5 highly ranked social work journals (n = 215). Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for h-index values among the multiple raters ranged from .83 to .92, indicating good reliability. For faculty at top 10 institutions, mean estimated h-index values were 3.97 (SD = 2.87) for assistant professors; 8.59 (SD = 3.72) for associate professors; and 16.14 (SD = 8.35) for full professors. Values for editorial board members were generally similar. Conclusions: These are the first such published data; further research is needed.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Evidence-Based Practice, Google Scholar, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Impact, Information, Journals, Methods, Productivity, Publication, Quantitative, Research, Science, ScientistsTitle: Research StrategiesFull Journal Title: Research StrategiesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, (2001)Hovde, K. (2000), Check the citation: Library instruction and student paper bibliographies. Research Strategies, 17 (1), 3-9.Full Text: R\Res Str17, 3.pdfAbstract: This article investigates the potential value of bibliometric analysis of student research paper bibliographies to assess student behavior in terms of skills and resources addressed in instruction sessions. References from 109 freshman English papers were analyzed to determine the type of work cited, the origin of the citation, and the characteristics of cited journal titles. It is suggested that student paper bibliographies provide a flexible, non-invasive, time-efficient assessment forum for the documentation of student library use.Keywords: Bibliographies, Student Research Paper, Library Instruction, Bibliometric AnalysisTitle: Research in the Teaching of EnglishFull Journal Title: Research in the Teaching of EnglishISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Shi, L. (2011), Common knowledge, learning, and citation practices in university writing. Research in the Teaching of English, 45 (3), 308-334.Abstract: The present study is based on interviews of students (n=48) and instructors (n=27) from various disciplines in a North American research university and explores participants’ comments on examples of some students’ unacknowledged texts appropriated and drawn from published sources, classroom learning, or unidentified prior reading. Although many participants agreed that sources for some of these appropriated texts should be cited, they were split in their views about others. Chi-Square values on the frequencies of these citation choices suggested complexity and high variability within groups of participants. In explaining their judgments, participants expressed various grounds for citation in relation to the notion of common knowledge, the audience effect, and the role of memory. The study suggests that motivations and considerations that might lead to citing or not citing are not apparent or subject to a consensus among people who share the same expertise, status, or language and cultural background.Keywords: Citation, Knowledge, Learning, Memory, Plagiarism, Research, Students, UniversityTitle: Research Technology ManagementFull Journal Title: Research Technology ManagementISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, (2001)(2003), Invisible Advantage: How intangibles are driving business performance. Research Technology Management, 46 (1), 62-65.Full Text: R\Res Tec Man46, 62.pdfTitle: Researches in Library ScienceFull Journal Title: Researches in Library ScienceISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1001-0424Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Zhang, X.F. (2006), Bibliometric teaching reform in Fujian Normal University. Researches in Library Science, 12, 71-72+75.Full Text: 2007\Res Lib Sci4, 71.pdfAbstract: Bibliometrics is a type of research method used in Library and Information Science, and it plays an important role in constructing the academic system of Library and Information Science. Undergraduate Bibliometric teaching should not be weakened but enhanced. The paper focused on the plan of Bibliometric teaching reform and its practice in Fujian Normal University. Keywords: Bibliometrics Teaching Reform Undergraduate Teaching? Sun, Q.G. (2007), Bibliometric analysis of the research on information literacy education in university libraries. Researches in Library Science, 1, 99-101+85.Full Text: 2007\Res Lib Sci4, 99.pdfAbstract: Information Literacy as an important function of university libraries has been increasingly acknowledged and studied. With the literature included in VIP Chinese Science & Technology Journal Database as the object of study, bibliometrics as the method of study, and with consideration to the content of these literature, the current status of research on information literacy education carried out by university libraries is analyzed from such aspects as literature growth, author and subjects of literature, etc..Keywords: University Library Information Literacy VIP Chinese Science & Technology Journal Database Bibliometrics? Lu, H. (2007), Content analysis of research document about OPAC from 1992 to 2006 in our country. Researches in Library Science, 4, 68-72.Full Text: 2007\Res Lib Sci4, 68.pdfAbstract: By means of bibliometric methods, the papers on OPAC issued in correlative Chinese periodicals are quantitatively analyzed on content in terms of time, space and subject distribution. This paper studies some problems existing in Native country and the development on OPAC is also discussed.Keywords: OPAC Research Document Content AnalysisTitle: Researches in Medical EducationFull Journal Title: Researches in Medical EducationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? He, X.C. and Xiang, Y.B. (2007), Bibliometric analysis of laboratory education in basic medicine. Researches in Medical Education, 6 (4), 320-323.Full Text: 2007\Res Med Edu6, 320.pdfAbstract: We searched the papers about laboratory education in China Scientific Journal Database (CSJD) and China Journal Full-text Database (CJFD), and carried out the bibliometric analysis on these papers in order to understand the current status and trend of laboratory education in basic medicine in China, improve the teaching quality and provide reference to the reform and construction of laboratory education in basic medicine.Keywords: Medicine, Laboratory Course, BibliometricsTitle: Resources Conservation and RecyclingFull Journal Title: Resources Conservation and RecyclingISO Abbreviated Title: Resour. Conserv. Recycl.JCR Abbreviated Title: Resour Conserv RecyclISSN: 0921-3449Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Elsevier Science BVPublisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Engineering, Environmental: Impact Factor 0.515, 19/36 (1999); Impact Factor 0.407, 23/36 (2000); Impact Factor 0.430, 22/38 (2001); Impact Factor 0.410, 25/37 (2002); Impact Factor 0.554 (2004)Environmental Sciences: Impact Factor 0.515, 95/126 (1999); Impact Factor 0.407, 102/127 (2000); Impact Factor 0.430, 99/129 (2001); Impact Factor 0.410, 116/132 (2002); Impact Factor 0.554 (2004)Vandenbusch, M.B. and Sell, N.J. (1992), Fly ash as a sorbent for the removal of biologically resistant organic matter. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 6 (2), 95-116.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec6, 95.pdfAbstract: Six different fly ashes, in both an untreated and an acidified form, were studied with respect to their ability to remove color and organic materials from a municipal waste treatment facility effluent. Color, fluorescence, and chemical oxygen demand were used to monitor the removal. The apparent predominant mechanism varies with the pH and the chemical characteristics of the ash. These mechanisms include carbon sorption, calcium precipitation of tannins and humics, sorption on the fly ash surface by silica, alumina, and/or iron oxide and, in the acidified situation, coagulation of colored colloids in the effluent dissolved from the fly ash. Some additional deleterious components are dissolved into the effluent during the treatment process. Many of these materials can, however, be removed by using a two-stage fly ash sorption process.Particularly of interest is the ability to remove over 90% of the boron from the effluent.Sell, N.J., Norman, J.C. and Vanden Busch, M.B. (1994), Removing color and chlorinated organics from pulp mill bleach plant effluents by use of flyash. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 10 (4), 279-299.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec10, 279.pdfAbstract: Color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in bleach plant effluents are of concern. Acidified flyash can effectively remove both color and COD from caustic bleach plant effluents. Equally effective, but quicker and easier, is to acidify the effluent to approximately pH 1 and use untreated flyash. Based on maximum color removal, the required contact time is short, about 10 min, and the optimum ash dosage is that amount which raises the pH of the final effluent to about 5. Sufficient color removal is obtained to easily meet Maine’s color regulations. Preliminary tests on samples of deionized water spiked with two arochlors of PCB showed high removal efficiency.The major cost of implementing and operating the cleanup procedure will be the cost of the required acid. This might be minimized by using some of the acidic (chlorine) effluent to lower the pH of the caustic effluent. This will, however, lead to less color reduction, and an unknown effect on the COD.Allen, S.J., Murray, M., Brown, P. and Flynn, O. (1994), Peat as an adsorbent for dyestuffs and metals in wastewater. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 11 (1-4), 25-39.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec11, 25.pdfAbstract: The ability of peat to adsorb dyestuffs and metals from wastewaters was investigated. Equilibrium isotherms were determined in order to assess the maximum adsorption capacity of some basic and acidic dyestuffs, and metal ions onto peat, lignite and other adsorbents. Economic evaluations indicated that peat was a particularly attractive adsorbent.Kinetic studies for the adsorption of basic dyes onto peat were undertaken in agitated batch and fixed bed adsorbers. Mass transport models detailed elsewhere were tested and used to predict (a) the concentration decay curve for batch adsorption and (b) the breakthrough curves in fixed bed adsorption. The models tested were single-resistance models and included an estimation of the external mass transfer coefficients.Sanchez, E., Milan, Z., Borja, R., Weiland, P. and Rodriguez, X. (1995), Piggery waste treatment by anaerobic digestion and nutrient removal by ionic exchange. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 15 (3-4), 235-244.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec15, 235.pdfAbstract: Piggery wastes must be treated before their disposal. The high solids content and high chemical oxygen demand of piggery wastes indicated that anaerobic biological treatment could be successfully applied as primary treatment, For that reason, a comparison between upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) and anaerobic fixed bed reactor (AFBR) at a similar organic volumetric loading rate of 5 kg DQO/m3 day was carried out. 60% of the piggery waste COD was removed with the AFBR compared to 40% with the UASB, thus showing a better performance of the AFBR. After l-h sedimentation secondary process, both anaerobic effluents were treated by ionic exchange with natural zeolite due to their high values of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+ plus free NH3). The high removal of nutrients reported (90%) shows zeolite to be a good choice as tertiary treatment.Keywords: Pig, Biotransformation, Removal Capacity, Zeolite, Effluent Treatment, Ion Exchange, Ammonia Emissions, Natural ZeolitesCatalfamo, P., Di Pasquale, S., Corigliano, F. and Mavilia, L. (1997), Influence of the calcium content on the coal fly ash features in some innovative applications. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 20 (2), 119-125.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec20, 119.pdfAbstract: Despite a low chemical reactivity, recent trends in the innovative uses of coal fly ash based on the chemical properties have been successful. Lots of fly ash showing sharply alkaline reaction (water pH rising to 11-12 upon contact) usually are high-calcium (> 3-4%), most of which is present as CaO. These lots are suitable to be used as remotion agents of heavy metals in wastewater or retentive agents of them in polluted solids. Lots giving substantially neutral reaction are usually low-calcium (0-3%). They are suitable for conversion by hydrothermal treatments into zeolitic products, where higher calcium contents interfere. A reverse destination is destitute of good results. Causes are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.Keywords: Fly Ash, Heavy Metal, Waste, Zeolite, CalciumReddy, B.R., Mirghaffari, N. and Gaballah, I. (1997), Removal and recycling of copper from aqueous solutions using treated Indian barks. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 21 (4), 227-245.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec21, 227.pdfAbstract: Removal of copper from aqueous solutions containing 100-1000 ppm, using different Indian bark species, was performed on laboratory scale. The percentage removal of metal ions depends on the solution pH, bark species and time. The efficiency of copper removal by the used raw barks increases with a rise of solution pH and reaches a maximum of about 65-78% around pH 4-5. However, the decontaminated aqueous solutions were colored due to the dissolution of soluble organic compounds contained in the raw bark. This increases the biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and GOD) of the solutions as well as the total organic carbon content (TOC). For this reason, raw bark should be treated either by chemical or biological means. Such treatment will allow the extraction of the soluble organic compounds and increase the chelating capacity and efficiency of the treated bark. Depending on the pH value, the chelating efficiency of treated barks is about 1.2-2.2 times that of the raw ones. Moreover, the retention capacity of the Indian treated bark varies from about 42-51 mg, g of dry bark. It is equal to or higher than that of common European species. About 1.8 mols of H3O+ are released, by the treated barks, for every mol of chelated copper ions. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show uniform distribution of metal ions throughout the copper saturated bark. Infra red (IR) spectra suggest that the copper ions are chelated to hydroxyl and, or carboxyl functional groups of organic compounds contained in the treated bark. It seems that the interaction of the copper ions with the bark follows a cation exchange mechanism. This hypothesis is supported by elution experiments that allow recovery of about 99% of the contained copper. The retention capacity of the treated bark is almost constant after five cycles of chelation-elution, suggesting that the ‘life time cycle’ is sufficiently long for continuous industrial application. The spent copper loaded barks can either be incinerated or pyrolysed. It generates solids containing either approximate to 80% of CuO or approximate to 14% of Cu-o, respectively. Such materials can be used either in the secondary or primary copper production, thus offering a friendly environmental solution of effluents’ treatment. The suggested process can be used as an alternative to the classical technologies for effluent decontamination. It is also efficient for polishing effluents treated by other methods. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.Keywords: Bark, Binding, BOD, Copper, Decontamination, Effluent, Effluents Decontamination, Extraction, Functional Groups, God, Heavy Metal Ions, Metal, Metal Ions, Natural Ion Exchanger, pH, Recycling, Removal, SEM, Spent Bark Pyrolysis or Incineration, Treated Bark, Treatment of BarkHo, Y.S. and McKay, G. (1999), A kinetic study of dye sorption by biosorbent waste product pith. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 25 (3-4), 171-193.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec25, 171.pdfAbstract: The sorption of two dyes, namely, Basic Red 22 and Acid Red 114 onto pith has been studied in terms of pseudo-second-order, pseudo-first-order sorption and intraparticle diffusion processes thus comparing chemical sorption and diffusion sorption processes. The pseudo-second-order model. based on the assumption of a pseudo-second-order mechanism, has been developed to predict the rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium capacity and initial sorption rate as a function of the effect of initial dye concentration, pith particle size, pith dose and temperature.Keywords: Pith, Dye, Kinetics, Sorption, Natural Adsorbents, Mass-Transfer, Acid Dye, Removal, Peat, Equilibrium, Dyestuffs, WoodChoy, K.K.H., McKay, G. and Porter, J.F. (1999), Sorption of acid dyes from effluents using activated carbon. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 27 (1-2), 57-71.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec27, 57.pdfAbstract: The sorption of three acid dyes, namely, Acid Red 114, Polar Yellow and Polar Blue RAWL, onto activated carbon, has been studied. Equilibrium isotherms have been measured for three single component systems (AB, AR, AY) and one binary component system (AB + AY). The isotherms were determined by shaking 0.05 g activated carbon, particle size range 500-710 ?m, with 0.05 dm3 dye solution of initial concentrations from 10 to 250 mg/dm3. A constant temperature agitating 400-rpm shaking water bath was used and the temperature maintained at 20±2°C. A contact time of 21 days was required to achieve equilibrium Analysis of data has been carried out in two stages. (a) In single component analysis, the experimental isotherm data were analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations for each individual dye. The monolayer adsorption capacities are 101.0 mg Acid Red per g carbon, 100.9 mgAcid Blue per g carbon and 128.8 mgAcid Yellow per g carbon. (b) In multicomponent analysis, one binary system has been analysed using an extended form of the Langmuir equation. The correlation between theoretical data and experimental data only had limited success due to competitive and interactive effects between the dyes and dye-surface interactions.Keywords: Multi-Solute Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Thermodynamics, Removal, Multicomponent Adsorption, Isotherm, Activated Carbon, DyesDean, S.A. and Tobin, J.M. (1999), Uptake of chromium cations and anions by milled peat. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 27 (1-2), 151-156.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec27, 151.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of chromium by milled peat from aqueous solution was investigated between pH 2 and 7. Feat was chosen as an inexpensive and readily available biomass. Adsorption of both the cationic Cr(III) and the anionic Cr(VI) was studied. Maximum uptake of Cr(III) occurred at pH 4. At this pH, approximately 50% of the Cr(III) present was in the form of Cr3+ and 50% was in the form of Cr (OH)2+ as predicted by MINEQL, a chemical speciation prediction program. The maximum uptake was 0.27 mmol/g which occurred at a final concentration of approximately 3 mmol. In contrast, maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) occurred at pH 2, to a level of 0.59 mmol/g for a 3-mmol final concentration. The predominant species at this pH was HCrO4-.Keywords: Rhizopus-arrhizus Biomass, Ion Binding, Metal-Ions, Exchange, Removal, Moss, Anion, Biosorption, Chromate, Chromium, Peat? Iyer, R.S. and Scott, J.A. (2001), Power station fly ash: A review of value-added utilization outside of the construction industry. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 31 (3), 217-228.Full Text: 2001\Res Con Rec31, 217.pdfAbstract: The disposal of fly ash from coal-fired power stations causes significant economic and environmental problems. A relatively small percentage of the material finds application as an ingredient in cement and other construction products, but the vast majority of material generated each year is held in ash dams or similar dumps. This unproductive use of land and the associated long-term financial burden of maintenance has led to realization that alternative uses for fly ash as a value-added product beyond incorporation in construction materials are needed. Utilization of fly ash in such areas as novel materials, waste management, recovery of metals and agriculture is reviewed in this article with the aim of looking at new areas that will expand the positive reuse of fly ash, thereby helping to reduce the environmental and economic impacts of disposal.Keywords: Power Station, Fly Ash, Utilization, Materials, Waste Management, Materials Recovery, AgricultureTsai, W.T., Chang, C.Y., Wang, S.Y., Chang, C.F., Chien, S.F. and Sun, H.F. (2001), Cleaner production of carbon adsorbents by utilizing agricultural waste corn cob. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 32 (1), 43-53.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec32, 43.pdfAbstract: In the present study, the porous carbon products from agricultural waste corn cob were manufactured by using the combined activation methods. Under the experimental conditions in the activation temperature ranges of 500-800 degreesC with less pollution characteristics of potassium hydroxide/potassium carbonate (KOH/K2CO3) as chemical agents and subsequent gasification (i.e. physical activation) at the soaking time of 1 h, the influence of activation temperature on the final products was studied by examining their physical characterizations: such as BET surface area. total pore volume and true density, The experimental results show that an elevated temperature is favorable for producing carbon products with high surface area and total pore volume. Also, the values of the true density and the porosity increase with increase in the activation temperature. Comparing the results of physical characterizations of the carbon products with those of commercial activated carbons indicates that the activated carbons prepared from agricultural waste corn cob by using a cleaner process is an available route for the biomass utilization and bioresource recycling. The high-surface-area carbon products thus obtained are very promising adsorbents for pollution control and for other applications. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Corn Cob, Activation, Activated Carbon, Characterization, Resource Recycling, Activated Carbons, Chemical Activation, AdsorptionPan, S.C., Lin, C.C. and Tseng, D.H. (2003), Reusing sewage sludge ash as adsorbent for copper removal from wastewater. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 39 (1), 79-90.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec39, 79.pdfAbstract: The sewage sludge ash (SSA) can potentially be used for removal of heavy metals from wastewater due to its similar chemical composition to that of fly ash and blast-furnace slag. This study investigated the adsorptive characteristics of SSA including specific surface area, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and pH of zero point of charge (pHZPC). In addition, the adsorption isotherms of SSA with synthetic wastewater containing copper ions were tested. Experimental results indicated that the CEC and pHZPC of SSA were 24.1–25.7 meq/100 g and 3.1–3.4, respectively, which exhibited the capability of removing heavy metals from wastewater. The adsorption test of applying SSA into synthetic wastewater revealed that the adsorption isotherm of SSA for copper ions generally followed the Langmuir model. The estimated maximum capacity of copper adsorbed by SSA was 3.2–4.1 mg/g and close to that of fly ash. The primary mechanisms of copper removal by SSA included electrostatic attraction, surface complex formation, and cation exchange. The precipitation of copper hydroxide occurred only when the dosage of SSA and the equilibrium pH of wastewater were at a high level (30–40 g/l and greater than 6.2, respectively). In general, similar to fly ash and blast-furnace slag, the SSA can be reused as an adsorbent for copper removal from wastewater and the removal efficiency was greater than 98%.Keywords: Sewage Sludge Ash, Copper Ion, Adsorption, Cation Exchange, Wastewater TreatmentKrook, J., Martensson, A. and Eklund, M. (2004), Metal contamination in recovered waste wood used as energy source in Sweden. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 41 (1), 1-14.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec41, 1.pdfAbstract: Large amounts of recovered waste wood (RWW) originating from construction and demolition activities (C&DWW) and industrial activities (IWW) are annually generated in Sweden. RWW is also imported for use as an energy source at biofuel boilers. Increased use of biomass is one strategy to decrease environmental impact, in general, and the emissions of green house gases, in particular. This study addresses the environmental and resource implications of metal occurrence in RWW that is used as an energy source at biofuel boilers. RWW contains elevated concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, zinc, mercury, nickel, lead and possibly cadmium. The metal composition of Swedish and imported RWW differs in that Swedish RWW contains higher concentrations of arsenic, chromium, zinc, nickel and copper, while imported RWW contains higher concentrations of lead, mercury and cadmium. Ashes from combustion of RWW are nowadays generally disposed in landfills due to their elevated metal concentrations. This practice makes it impossible to use these ashes as filler material thereby replacing extraction of raw materials and decreasing the need for landfill space. Furthermore, landfilling leads to accumulation of hazardous heavy metals that poses a future environmental and health problem. If RWW from construction and demolition should contribute optimally to a sustainable energy system, cleaner waste wood flows are a prerequisite. The elementary measure is to track potential pollution sources in this waste stream and find out which are significant. Furthermore, since most of the RWW is untreated and unpolluted wood, there is a great environmental potential to separate this flow through the waste management system. Such an approach might lead to decreased environmental pollution of heavy metals and an improved resource management.Keywords: Heavy Metal Pollution, Demolition Waste, Recovered Waste Wood, Industrial Waste Streams, Sustainable Development, Waste BioenergyKwon, H.B., Lee, C.W., Jun, B.S., Yun, J.D., Weon, S.Y. and Koopman, B. (2004), Recycling waste oyster shells for eutrophication control. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 41 (1), 75-82.Full Text: R\Res Con Rec41, 75.pdfAbstract: Oyster shells are a waste product from mariculture that presents a major disposal problem in coastal regions such as southeast Korea. It was found in the present study that pyrolysis of waste oyster shells under defined conditions (750 °C for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere) transforms this material into a sustainable reagent for efficient (up to 98%) removal of phosphates from wastewater. In comparison, raw oyster shells removed almost no phosphate from water, whereas oyster shells heated to 750 °C under an air atmosphere removed a moderate proportion (up to 68%) of phosphates from water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of pyrolyzed oyster shells showed peaks that were characteristic of calcium oxide, whereas analysis of raw oyster shells showed peaks that were characteristic of calcium carbonate. Surface morphology of pyrolyzed oyster shells also differed from that of raw oyster shells. Preliminary economic feasibility analysis indicates that cost of activated oyster shell is competitive with other wastewater treatment chemicals.Keywords, Oyster Shells, Pyrolysis, Phosphorus, Mariculture, Wastewater, Eutrophication, Economics? Ranganathan, K., Karunagaran, K. and Sharma, D.C. (2007), Recycling of wastewaters of textile dyeing industries using advanced treatment technology and cost analysis - Case studies. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 50 (3), 306-318.Full Text: 2007\Res Con Rec50, 306.pdfAbstract: Textile dyeing industries in Tirupur and Karur of Tamil Nadu (India) usually discharge effluents ranging between 80 and 200 m3/t of production. Dyeing is performed either by conventional winch process or by advanced soft flow reactor process. Hypochlorite, the commonly used bleaching chemical is being gradually phased out by alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution that generates less effluent and fewer solids in the effluents. Coloring of yarn/cloth takes place in the presence of high concentration of sodium chloride or sodium sulphate (25-75 kg/m3) in dye solutions. Dye bath wastewaters and wash waters are the process effluents of dyeing industry which are collected separately or together and follow the advanced treatment for maximum recycling of recovered waters.Dye bath water after treating by sand and nanofiltrations (N-F), the permeate is used in process for dye bath preparation and the reject of about 20-30% is sent to multi effect evaporator (MEE)/solar evaporation pond (SEP). Wash waters treated using a sequence of physicochemical and biological unit processes are passed into two stages reverse osmosis (RO) membrane systems and then the permeate is reused in the processes. The rejects about 15-20% of the inlet volume is subject either to nanofiltration for salt recovery or sent to evaporators. The final rejects from nanotilter systems is directed to multi effect evaporator system where condensed waters are recovered. The removal of total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride and sodium are in the range of 80-97%, 91-97%, 76-97% and 96%, respectively. Multiple effect evaporators out flows of about 2-3% of the effluent volume are allowed for solar evaporation and the solids are disposed off. The cost of operation of MEE is about INR 400/m3 of the rejects. The cost of water recovery is about INR 60-80/m3 including commissioning and maintenance whereas price of raw-water in Tirupur is about INR 100/m3. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Dyeing Industry, Wastewater Recycling, Reverse Osmosis, Membrane Process, NanotiltrationTitle: Respiratory CareFull Journal Title: Respiratory CareISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Anders, M.E. and Evans, D.P. (2010), Comparison of PUBMED and Google Scholar literature searches. Respiratory Care, 55 (5), 578-583.Abstract: BACKGROUND: Literature searches are essential to evidence-based respiratory care. To conduct literature searches, respiratory therapists rely on search engines to retrieve information, but there is a dearth of literature on the comparative efficiencies of search engines for researching clinical questions in respiratory care. OBJECTIVE: To compare PUBMED and Google Scholar search results for clinical topics in respiratory care to that of a benchmark. METHODS: We performed literature searches with PUBMED and Google Scholar, on 3 clinical topics. In PUBMED we used the Clinical Queries search filter. In Google Scholar we used the search filters in the Advanced Scholar Search option. We used the reference list of a related Cochrane Collaboration evidence-based systematic review as the benchmark for each of the search results. We calculated recall (sensitivity) and precision (positive predictive value) with 2 x 2 contingency tables. We compared the results with the chi-square test of independence and Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: PUBMED and Google Scholar had similar recall for both overall search results (71% vs 69%) and full-text results (43% vs 51%). PUBMED had better precision than Google Scholar for both overall search results (13% vs 0.07%, P < .001) and full-text results (8% vs 0.05%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that PUBMED searches with the Clinical Queries filter are more precise than with the Advanced Scholar Search in Google Scholar for respiratory care topics. PUBMED appears to be more practical to conduct efficient, valid searches for informing evidence-based patient-care protocols, for guiding the care of individual patients, and for educational purposes.Keywords: Care, Cochrane, Cochrane Reviews, Collaboration, Google Scholar, Information, Information Storage and Retrieval, Literature, Medicine, Metaanalyses, Performance, Pubmed, Respiratory, Respiratory Care, Review, Scopus, Sensitivity, Strategies, Systematic, Systematic Review, Systematic Reviews, Topics, Web-Of-Science? Dasenbrook, E.C., Needham, D.M., Brower, R.G. and Fan, E. (2011), Higher PEEP in patients with acute lung injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiratory Care, 56 (5), 568-575.Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of ventilation strategies that included higher PEEP in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether higher PEEP during volume-limited and pressure-limited ventilation is associated with 28-day mortality or barotrauma rates in patients with ALI/ARDS. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the bibliographies of retrieved papers to identify randomized controlled trials that compared higher and lower PEEP in adult patients with ALI/ARDS who were already receiving volume-limited or pressure-limited ventilation. Two of us independently abstracted study-level data, including study design, patient characteristics, study methods, intervention, and main results. We pooled the study-level data with a random-effects model, unless heterogeneity was low (I(2) < 50%), in which case we used a fixed-effects model. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. RESULTS: Four randomized trials (2,360 participants) were evaluated. Higher PEEP had a nonsignificant trend toward lower 28-day mortality (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% CI 0.79-1.02). There was no difference in barotrauma between the 2 groups (pooled relative risk 1.17, 95% CI 0.90-1.52). Two studies reported an adjusted hospital death rate, and the pooled results of sensitivity analysis with those adjusted rates were identical to those of the unadjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In 4 recent studies that used volume-limited or pressure-limited ventilation in ALI/ARDS patients, higher PEEP was not associated with significantly different short-term mortality or barotrauma. This study does not support the routine use of higher PEEP in patients with ALI/ARDS.Keywords: Acute, Acute Lung Injury, Adult, Analysis, Definitions, Design, Detecting Clinically Sound, Distress, Embase, End-Expiratory Pressure, Hospital, Injury, Intervention, Mechanical Ventilation, Mechanical Ventilation, Medline, Meta-Analysis, Model, Mortality, Optimal Search Strategies, Outcome, Outcomes, Papers, Primary, Randomized Controlled Trial, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Recruitment, Relative Risk, Respiratory, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Respiratory-Distress-Syndrome, Review, Risk, Science, Sensitivity, Systematic, Systematic Review, Tidal Volumes, Trend, Web of ScienceTitle: Respiratory MedicineFull Journal Title: Respiratory MedicineISO Abbreviated Title: Respir. Med.JCR Abbreviated Title: Resp MedISSN: 0954-6111Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: W B Saunders Co LtdPublisher Address: 24-28 Oval Rd, London NW1 7DX, EnglandSubject Categories: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems: Impact Factor 1.496, /Respiratory System: Impact Factor 1.496, /? Ayres, J.G., Whitehead, J., Boldy, D.A.R. and Dyas, A. (1989), Fungal contamination of mini peak flow meters. Respiratory Medicine, 83 (6), 503-504.? Agertoft, L. and Pedersen, S. (1994), Effects of long-term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid on growth and pulmonary-function in asthmatic-children. Respiratory Medicine, 88 (5), 373-381.Full Text: 1994\Res Med88, 373.pdfAbstract: In a controlled prospective study we have measured growth and pulmonary function in children with asthma during long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide and compared these findings with those obtained from children not treated with corticosteroids. Two hundred and sixteen children were followed at 6 monthly intervals for 1–2 years without inhaled budesonide and then for 3–6 years on inhaled budesonide. Sixty-two children treated with theophylline, β2-agonists and sodiumcromoglycate but not with inhaled steroids were also followed for 3–7 years (controls).During the period of budesonide therapy the mean daily dose decreased from 710 to 430 μg (P<0·01) and no signs of tachyphylaxis to the treatment were seen. Budesonide treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the number of annual hospital admissions due to acute severe asthma (from 0·03 to 0·004 per child, P<0·001). In patients not treated with budesonide an annual decrease in % predicted FEV1 of 1–3% was seen. In contrast FEV1 improved significantly with time during budesonide treatment, both compared with the run-in period and with the control group (P<0·01). Furthermore, there was a significant (P=0·01) relationship between the duration of asthma at the start of budesonide and the annual increase in FEV1 during budesonide therapy. After 3 years of treatment with budesonide, children who started this therapy later than 5 years after the onset of asthma had significantly lower FEV1 (96%) than the children who received budesonide within the first 2 years after the onset of asthma (101%) (P<0·05). No statistically significant changes in growth velocity (run-in=5·6 cm year?1, CONTROLS=5·6 cm year?1, BUDESONIDE=5·5 cm year?1) or weight gain (run-in=3·5 kg year?1, CONTROLS=3·6 kg year?1, BUDESONIDE=3·6 kg year?1) were seen during budesonide treatment.We conclude that inhaled budesonide in doses up to 400 μg per day does not stunt growth in children with asthma and that early intervention with this treatment may prevent the development of irreversible airway obstruction and reduce the risk of under-treatment. Finally, continuous long-term treatment is not associated with the development of tachyphylaxis.Keywords: Linear Growth, Turbuhaler R, Double-Blind, Budesonide, Terbutaline, Hyperresponsiveness, Beta-2-Agonist, Deposition, Inhalation, Trial? Roig, M. and Reid, W.D. (2009), Electrical stimulation and peripheral muscle function in COPD: A systematic review. Respiratory Medicine, 103 (4), 485-495.Abstract: Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CCPD) can lead to peripheral muscle atrophy and weakness. Electrical stimulation (ES) is commonly used to improve muscle function and structure. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of ES on muscle function, muscle size, fibre characteristics and exercise performance in patients with COPD. Methods: A search was performed in seven electronic databases (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PUBMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PEDro). Inclusion criteria were: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (2) on CCPD patients, (3) investigating a defined protocol of ES applied to the lower extremities, (4) analysing at least one main outcome, (5) full text available. Two reviewers extracted the data and evaluated the methodological quality of the studies using the PEDro scale. Results: The initial search yielded 167 abstracts, of which five RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD) methodological quality of the studies was 6.2 +/- 1.3 out of 10. Meta-analyses of three studies showed significant increases in muscle torque and walk distance in the ES groups compared to values in the control, sham or other treatment groups. Measures of muscle size revealed equivocal evidence. Patients with less severe COPD tended to show less improvement. Conclusions: The modest effect sizes after ES, small n, and small number of studies provide weak evidence for the effectiveness of ES to improve lower limb muscle function in COPD patients. Further study should elucidate the optimal parameters for ES protocols and selection criteria for responders and non-responders. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cochrane, Control, Copd, Databases, Disease, Effectiveness, Electrical Stimulation, Exercise, Exercise Tolerance, Lead, Mechanisms, Methods, Muscle Atrophy, Muscle Dysfunction, Muscle Strength, Myopathy, Neuromuscular Adaptations, Obstructive Pulmonary-Disease, Outcome, Protein-Synthesis, Protocol, Quadriceps Strength, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trials, Review, Science, Skeletal-Muscle, Systematic, Systematic Review, Treatment, Unit Recruitment Order, Voluntary, Web of ScienceTitle: Responsible Care Management SystemsChemical Industries Association (1992), Responsible Care Management Systems. London.Title: Restorative Neurology and NeuroscienceFull Journal Title: Restorative Neurology and NeuroscienceISO Abbreviated Title: Restor. Neurol. Neurosci.JCR Abbreviated Title: Restor Neurol NeurosISSN: 0922-6028Issues/Year: 8Journal Country/Territory: NetherlandsLanguage: EnglishPublisher: IOS PressPublisher Address: Nieuwe Hemweg 6B, 1013 BG Amsterdam, NetherlandsSubject Categories: Neurosciences: Impact Factor 0.836, 155/197 (2001)? Berger, E., Leven, F., Pirente, N., Bouillon, B. and Neugebauer, E. (1999), Quality of life after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review of the literature. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 14 (2-3), 93-102.Abstract: In modern industrial countries traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common sequel after different kinds of accidents especially amongst young male adults. Apart from medical and economic consequences Quality of Life (QoL) after TBI becomes increasingly important in outcome assessment, Besides the classical domains of QoL (physical, psychological, social) cognitive impairments are playing an important role especially for TBI patients.In 1991 the Meran conference set important standards and formulated basic guidelines for defining and measuring QoL in surgery, but a special index for TBI patients has not yet been developed. Instead, QoL research concentrates on physical, medical, psychological and social problems only.Based on the existing QoL concept extended by the cognitive aspect it was the aim of this review to give an overview about the recent QoL research in TBI patients since 1991.Sixteen studies in TBI patients mentioning at least 2 domains of QoL (physical, psychological, social, cognitive) were published since 1991. Five of them considered all 4 domains of QoL. All studies except of one dealt with psychological and social problems. Only half of the studies considered cognitive impairments. Four studies tried to define QoL, but none of them included the cognitive component. There was no consensus regarding the definition and the choice of measurement instrument for QoL after TBI.This review of 16 studies considering outcome and QoL after TBI confirms that a homogenous and clinically relevant QoL concept for this group of patients is still missing. Further research in TBI patients should include all 4 domains of QoL.Keywords: Brain Injuries, Quality of Life, Head Injury, Severe Head-Injury, of-Life, Social Support, Follow-up, Surgery, Impact, Scale, Rehabilitation, Outcomes, Coma? Tai, C.F., Roppolo, J.R. and de Groat, W.C. (2006), Spinal reflex control of micturition after spinal cord injury. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 24 (2), 69-78.Abstract: Purpose: This review summarizes possible spinal reflexes involved in micturition control as well as Current treatments for lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury (SCI) in an effort to further promote the development of new treatments for people with SCI. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE database, and on the Web of Science. Results: After SCI normal functions of the lower urinary tract are lost. The detrusor contracts frequently even at a small bladder volume, which results in urinary incontinence. In addition, the hyperactive bladder can not empty well because the urethral sphincter contracts simultaneously with the bladder (detrusor sphincter dyssynergia), which results in a large residual volume of urine. The malfunction of the lower urinary tract after SCI is caused by remaining and newly emerged bladder and urethral sphincter spinal reflexes. Current treatments have either limited Success or troublesome side effects, and many new treatments are under development. Conclusions: In order to restore the functions of the lower urinary tract after SCI, efforts should be directed at re-establishing the coordination between the spinal reflex control of bladder and urethral sphincter using either pharmacological or neurophysiological approaches.Keywords: Anterior Root Stimulator, Bladder, Control, Detrusor Hyperreflexia, Development, Dorsal Gray Commissure, Electrical Stimulation, External Urethral Sphincter, Incontinence, Injury, Intravaginal Electrical-Stimulation, Literature, Lower Urinary Tract, Methods, Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction, Normal, Propagated Action-Potentials, Pudendal Nerve, Review, Sacral Nerve-Stimulation, SCI, Science, Spinal Cord Injury, Spinal Reflex, Systematic, Term-Follow-Up, Tract, Urethra, Urethral Sphincter, Urinary Incontinence, Urine, Web of ScienceTitle: ResuscitationFull Journal Title: ResuscitationISO Abbreviated Title: ResuscitationJCR Abbreviated Title: ResuscitationISSN: 0300-9572Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: IrelandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Elsevier Sci Ireland LtdPublisher Address: Customer Relations Manager, Bay 15, Shannon Industrial Estate Co, Clare, IrelandSubject Categories: Critical Care Medicine: Impact Factor 1.774, / (2001)Emergency Medicine: Impact Factor 1.774, / (2001)Janata, K., Holzer, M., Kürkciyan, I., Losert, H., Riedmüller, E., Pikula, B., Laggner, A.N. and Laczika, K. (2003), Major bleeding complications in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the place of thrombolytic therapy in cardiac arrest due to massive pulmonary embolism. Resuscitation, 57 (1), 49-55.Full Text: R\Resuscitation57, 49.pdfAbstract: Objective: Thrombolytic therapy in patients with massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is subject to debate. This study was performed to determine whether (1) thrombolytic treatment increases the risk of bleeding complications, (2) if the risk of bleeding is influenced by the duration of CPR and if (3) thrombolytic therapy improves outcome. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Emergency department of a tertiary care university hospital. Patients and methods: Sixty-six patients with cardiac arrest (CA) due to MPE admitted between July 1993 and December 2001. Thirty-six patients received thrombolysis (TL) and were compared with 30 patients without thrombolytic therapy. Bleeding complications were assessed by clinical evidence or autopsy. Results: Major bleeding complications appear to occur more frequently in patients treated with thrombolytics (9/36 (25%) vs. 3/30 (10%)) even though the difference was statistically not significant (P=0.15). It appears that CPR duration >10 min has no adverse impact on major bleeding complications. No difference in the rate of major bleeding complications between thrombolyzed patients who had a CPR duration of 10 or >10 min could be observed (2/8 (25%) vs. 7/28 (25%), P=0.99). In thrombolyzed patients a return of spontaneous circulation could be achieved more frequently (24/36 (67%) vs.13/30 (43%) in controls, P=0.06) and survival after 24 h was higher (19/36 (53%) vs. 7/30 (23%), P=0.01). Survival to discharge was also higher in the TL group (7/36 (19%) vs. 2/30 (7%)), but not statistically significant (P=0.15). Conclusion: Although severe bleeding complications tend to occur more frequently in patients undergoing TL, the benefit of this treatment might outweigh the risk of bleeding.Title: RetrovirologyFull Journal Title: RetrovirologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Jeang, K.T. (2007), Impact factor, h index, peer comparisons, and Retrovirology: Is it time to individualize citation metrics? Retrovirology, 4, Article Number: 42.Full Text: 2007\Retrovirology4, 42.pdfAbstract: There is a natural tendency to judge a gift by the attractiveness of its wrapping. In some respect, this reflects current mores of measuring the gravitas of a scientific paper based on the journal cover in which the work appears. Most journals have an impact factor (IF) which some proudly display on their face page. Although historically journal IF has been a convenient quantitative shorthand, has its (mis)use contributed to inaccurate perceptions of the quality of scientific articles? Is now the time that equally convenient but more individually accurate metrics be adopted?Keywords: Citation, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Journal, Journals, Metrics, Quality, Quality of, WorkTitle: Review of Agricultural EconomicsFull Journal Title: Review of Agricultural EconomicsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Hilmer, C.E. and Lusk, J.L. (2009), Determinants of citations to the agricultural and applied economics association journals. Review of Agricultural Economics, 31 (4), 677-694.Abstract: This paper investigates citations to articles published in the Review of Agricultural Economics and in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics to better understand the impact of articles published in these journals and to evaluate recent policy decisions made by the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. The biggest factors affecting non-self citations are self-citations and whether the article received at least one citation in the year after publication, suggesting that “advertising” and “signaling” play important roles in the extent to which a paper is cited. Principal papers and comments/replies are associated with significantly fewer citations for both journals.Keywords: Citation, Citations, Dry Holes, Journals, Publication, Quality, Salaries, Self Citations, Self-CitationsTitle: Review of Economics and StatisticsFull Journal Title: Review of Economics and StatisticsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-6535Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorLovell, M.C. (1983), Data mining. Review of Economics and Statistics, 65 (1), 1-12.Full Text: 1983\Rev Eco Sta65, 1.pdf? Harhoff, D., Narin, F., Scherer, F.M. and Vopel, K. (1999), Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 81 (3), 511-515.Full Text: 1999\Rev Eco Sta83, 511.pdfAbstract: Through a survey, private economic value estimates were obtained on 964 inventions made in the United States and Germany and on which German patent renewal fees were paid to full-term expiration in 1995. A search of subsequent U.S. and German patents yielded counts of citations to those patents. Patents renewed to full-term were significantly more highly cited than patents allowed to expire before their full term. The higher an invention’s economic value estimate was, the more the patent was subsequently cited.Keywords: Indicators? Alcacer, J. and Gittelman, M. (2006), Patent citations as a measure of knowledge flows: The influence of examiner citations. Review of Economics and Statistics, 88 (4), 774-779.Full Text: 2006\Rev Eco Sta88, 774.pdfAbstract: Analysis of patent citations is a core methodology-in the study of knowledge diffusion. However, citations made by patent examiners have not been separately reported, adding unknown noise to the data. We leverage a recent change in the reporting of patent data showing citations added by examiners. The magnitude is high: two-thirds of citations on the average patent are inserted by examiners. Furthermore, 40% of all patents have all citations added by examiners. We analyze the distribution of examiner and inventor citations with respect to self-citation, distance, technology overlap, and vintage. Results indicate that inferences about inventor knowledge using pooled citations may suffer from bias or overinflated significance levels.Keywords: Citations, Diffusion, Localization, Patent, Patent Citations, Patents, Self-Citation, Spillovers, TechnologyTitle: Review of English StudiesFull Journal Title: Review of English StudiesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Mendelssohn, M. (2010), Oscar wilde’s plagiarism: The triumph of art over ego. Review of English Studies, 61 (249), 319-321.Keywords: PlagiarismTitle: Review of General PsychologyFull Journal Title: Review of General PsychologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Simonton, D.K. (2000), Methodological and theoretical orientation and the long-term disciplinary impact of 54 eminent psychologists. Review of General Psychology, 4 (1), 13-24.Abstract: The long-term influence of 54 highly eminent psychologists was hypothesized to be a function of their methodological and theoretical orientation. Individual differences in impact were gauged via the Social Sciences Citation Index for 1976-1980 and 1986-1990. Orientation was assessed along 6 dimensions: objectivistic versus subjectivistic, quantitative versus qualitative, elementaristic versus holistic, impersonal versus personal, static versus dynamic, and exogenist versus endogenist (R. W. Coan, 1979). Correlation and regression analyses revealed that long-term influence could be predicted by both method and theory measures. Especially significant was the curvilinear backward-J curve between total citations and a general factor defined by all 6 bipolar dimensions. The most influential psychologists tend to take extreme positions on the controversies that have characterized the history of psychology.Title: Review of Higher EducationFull Journal Title: Review of Higher EducationISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Gasman, M. (2009), Doing Honest Work in College: How to prepare citations, avoid plagiarism, and achieve real academic success. Review of Higher Education, 32 (2), 274-275.Title: Review of Palaeobotany and PalynologyFull Journal Title: Review of Palaeobotany and PalynologyISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Palaeobot PalynoISSN: 0034-6667Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Elsevier Science BV, AmsterdamPublisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact FactorNotes: highly cited? Vangeel, B. (1978), Paleoecological study of holocene peat bog sections in Germany and Netherlands, based on analysis of pollen, spores and macroscopic and microscopic remains of fungi, algae, cormophytes and animals. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 25 (1), 1-120.Full Text: 1960-80\Rev Pal Pal25, 1.pdfAbstract: A Holocene peat section of the Engbertsdijksveen (The Netherlands) was analysed at centrimetre intervals for all kinds of micro- and macrofossils in order to obtain maximum information regarding local vegetation and animal succession and regional changes in the prevailing vegetation types. The analysed micro- and macrofossils are illustrated, described and interpreted. Among them are about 70 fungal taxa, about 25 animal taxa, at least 4 algae, and about 15 fossils of unknown identity or origin.The taxonomic designation, matrix, host- or substrate specificity and indicator value of representatives of five different groups of fossils have been tabulated.The fruit-bodies of several taxa distinguished as spore types were found during the macrofossil analysis, e.g., ascospores, mycelium and fruit-bodies of the parasite Meliola cf. niessleana (Type 14) are present in the levels in which Calluna vulgaris played a role in the local vegetation.The ascomycete Geoglossum sphagnophilum was, according to its spore distribution, a common element in the bog vegetation during the Atlantic and Subboreal periods.Zygospores of Mougeotia cf. gracillima (Type 61) and other Zygnemataceae indicate the levels where these algae could grow during the local succession in the peat bog. The zygospores indicate phases of shallow, stagnant, mesotrophic open water during spring.Conventional analysis of pollen and macro-remains with a high resolution in time (centimetre diagrams), the above-mentioned new information, and the correlation of events inside and outside the site of the peat bog lead to the following main conclusions:The Atlantic-Subboreal transition, well known for its elm decline, could be correlated with a local change in bog vegetation. Following the alteration of wet Scheuchzeria palustris vegetation with hummock vegetation in the Atlantic period, the appearance of a Molinia coerulea peat coincides with the elm decline. According to the present ecology of M. coerulea, this change must have been caused by a seasonally recurring, considerable lowering of the groundwater level during summer. During winter the groundwater rose so far that in spring shallow open water prevailed and Mougeotia cf. gracillima could develop. This local vegetational succession indicates an unstable climatic period with pronounced dry seasons during the early Subboreal.During the climatic deterioration of the Subboreal-Subatlantic transition the incidence of Corylus avellana decreased. The Corylus pollen curve shows several cyclic fluctuations during this period (1400-600 B.C.). Depressions in the Corylus pollen curve correspond with particularly wet local vegetation (more oceanic, possibly cooler phases), Corylus pollen maxima correspond with relatively dry bog vegetation (less oceanic, possibly warmer phases). These cyclic fluctuations correspond to approximately 150–200 historical years each. The increasing oceanicity ultimately resulted in the formation of peat by Sphagnum species of the section Cymbifolia. In this Subatlantic Cymbifolia peat the fluctuations of the minor constituent Sphagnum cf. rubellum are clearly correlated with the fluctuations of the curve of the rhizopod Amphitrema flavum. This phenomenon is interpreted as a reflection of more and less oceanic phases during the Subatlantic period.All available data were expressed in curves, in order to indicate changes in local and perhaps regional moisture conditions.Ther percentages of plants indicating human influence are relatively low during the Neolithic and Bronze Age. During the Iron Age the influence of prehistoric man was relatively important. Secale cereale was already grown during the secondary century B.C. Population density decreased again during the second century A.D.The present study is intended as a first step towards a more detailed knowledge of the changing ecosystems of bogs and forests and in their response to changing environmental factors, such as minor and major climatic cycles.Tidwell, W.D. and Nishida, H. (1993), A new fossilized tree fern stem, Nishidacaulis burgii gen. et sp. nov., from Nebraska-South Dakota, USA. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 78 (1-2), 55-67.Full Text: R\Rev Pal Pal78, 55.pdfAbstract: A permineralized tree fern stem assigned to the new genus and species Nishidacaulis burgii was collected from northwestern Nebraska. Although collected in the basal conglomerate of the Upper Eocene-Lower oligocene Chadron Formation, it was most likely reworked from sediments of Early Cretaceous age in the Black Hills, South Dakota. The stem appears to have had radial symmetry and was surrounded by persistent leaf bases and adventitious roots. Uniseriate, multicellular epidermal trichomes are also persistent on and around the stem. A sclerenchymatous sheath around the solenostelic stele is absent. Leaf and petiolar traces are undivided throughout and are modified reverse omega-or U-shaped with incurved ends. Mucilage cells or cavities occur in the outer phloem of the petiolar vascular strand, but are lacking in the fundamental tissue of the petiole. This new genus may represent a transitional form in a possible lineage from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous ‘Cibotium’ tasmanense to Upper Cretaceous C. iwatense and extant members of Cibotium. The basal pinna trace being derived from the adaxial corner only of the petiolar vascular strand in N. burgii indicates the original plant had a small or reduced basal pinna and a short petiole. Its entire frond was more or less rhombic, suggesting a habit with an erect stem with radiating fronds forming a crown.Keywords: Neotropical Cyatheaceae, Vascular Anatomy, Petrified PlantsR?ler, R. (2000), The late Palaeozoic tree fern Psaronius: An ecosystem unto itself. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 108 (1-2), 55-74.Full Text: R\Rev Pal Pal108, 55.pdfAbstract: Stimulated by new observations, this contribution presents a summary of the current knowledge of different plants that grew closely associated with Psaronius trunks in the Early Permian petrified forest of Chemnitz (Saxony, Germany). The role of Psaronius tree ferns was to provide a frequently-used substrate for colonization by other plants. The massive root mantles protected different developing plants, and they may have improved the possibility of preservation of smaller plants and plant organs in particular. These are climbing axes of the fern Ankyropteris brongniartii, small epiphytes of the fern Tubicaulis sp., different isolated petioles of the fern Anachoropteris, small?Grammatopteris axes, roots of the pteridosperm Callistophyton, and Dadoxylon specimens representing Amyelon roots of Cordaites and conifer stems. Further, plant-animal interactions demonstrate the role of Psaronius as an ecosystem unto itself. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Psaronius Tree Ferns, Coenopteridales, Palaeoecology, Growth Patterns, Plant-Arthropod Interactions, Lower Permian Rotliegend, HistorySchneider, H. and Kenrick, P. (2001), An Early Cretaceous root-climbing epiphyte (Lindsaeaceae) and its significance for calibrating the diversification of polypodiaceous ferns. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 115 (1-2), 33-41.Full Text: R\Rev Pal Pal115, 33.pdfAbstract: The discovery of fossilised roots of a lindsaeoid fern within the trunk of the extinct tree fern Tempskya provides new fossil evidence for Lindsaeaceae in the Mesozic, as well as the first direct evidence of an ecological association between Tempskya and root-climbing epiphytes. Data were collected from permineralised Tempskya trunks from the Aspen Shale (Early Cretaceous, Albian), Wyoming (USA). The roots of the lindsaeoid fossil are clearly distinguishable from those of Tempskya and other living ferns based on a suite of distinctive anatomical features, which are described in detail. The foliage is unknown. The new fossil is interpreted as a root climber, and comparisons are made with similar living species in Lindsaea subgenus Odontoloma (Lindsaeaceae). The documentation of Lindsaeaceae in the Early Cretaceous adds to a small but growing body of data on the diversification of polypodiaceous ferns during this important period. These recent discoveries point to a much earlier (Early Cretaceous) crown group radiation of polypodiaceous ferns than previously suspected. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Lindsaeaceae, Tempskya, Fern, Cretaceous, Epiphyte, Root, Phylogeny, Sequences, RbCl, Gen.Page, C.N. (2002), Ecological strategies in fern evolution: A neopteridological overview. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 119 (1-2), 1-33.Full Text: R\Rev Pal Pal115, 1.pdfAbstract: Drawing inferences about the past from the ecology of living organisms is one of several approaches to reconstructing palaeo-environments. Pteridophytes are a major component of fossil floras, but their use as environmental indicators is constrained as much by lack of ecological data on living species as by an understanding of the distribution of fossils. Taking a neobotanical perspective, this paper discusses some important ecological strategies of ferns and allied plants and their underlying selection pressures, based on an extensive survey of tropical and temperate species and on horticultural experience of the behaviour of wild species in experimental cultivation. Broadly parallel developments to similar selection pressures and environmental responses have been sought from amongst distantly related extant families, to derive broad concepts of weaknesses and strengths inherent in the biology of these plants. From this evidence, seven main limitations and twelve important advantages imposed on pteridophytes by aspects of their biology are identified as follows: Limitations:The handicap of an independent gametophyte stageSingle growing-point limitations of sporophyte architectureSlow plant growth ratesIntolerance of widely fluctuating conditionsPoorly controlled evaporative potentialUncontrolled high reproductive commitmentNeed to ‘return to the water to breed’Advantages:Low-light photosynthetic abilityDiverse phytochemical armamentHigh disease resistance under saturated humidity levelsHigh tolerance of acute nutrient disequilibrium substratesHigh migrational ability of the airborne sporeSpore tolerance of adverse aerial environmentsFlexibility of breeding systems to match varying ecological opportunityRevivalist tendencies of certain gametophytesPotential longevity of resultant sporophytesExploitation of mycotrophyExploitation of potentials of polyploidyBiotic independenceIt is argued that collectively these weaknesses and strengths provide a broad framework, which, operating in varied combinations, limit or open opportunities for exploitation of a considerable array of ecological habitats by Pteridophyta. Based on these data, several general ecological principles are developed. It is proposed that, through time, such strategies are likely to have opened many pteridophyte habitat opportunities, though not all of these will necessarily have left directly identifiable signals in the fossil record.Modern fern ecological limitations and advantages are shown to occur across broad taxonomic spectra and many are innate abilities of the plants. It is, therefore, argued that a similar general framework of weaknesses and strengths is likely to have operated in the past, and thus have been of similar relevance in defining and promoting the ecological achievements of the fossil pteridophytes in relation to selection pressures and consequent adaptations. This opens up the potential to extrapolate from the modern ecology for interpretation of palaeo-ecology and palaeo-environments. Examples of this potential are given for each limitation and advantage, where possible incorporating evidence from the fossil record. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Pteridophyta, Limitations, Strengths, Consequent Adaptations, Ecological and Environmental Interrelationships, Palaeobotanical Implications, Bracken Pteridium-Aquilinum, Tree-Fern, North-America, Life-History, Homosporous Pteridophytes, Edaphic Specialization, Tertiary Boundary, Vascular Plants, Mating Systems, Swamp ForestsHueber, F.M. and Galtier, J. (2002), Symplocopteris wyattii n. gen. et n. sp.: A zygopterid fern with a false trunk from the Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous) of Queensland, Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 119 (3-4), 241-273.Full Text: R\Rev Pal Pal119, 241.pdfAbstract: Fossil remains of a fern were collected from the basalmost Carboniferous Tournaisian, Hardwick Formation of Queensland, Australia. The fern is described as an erect false trunk composed of intertwined branch systems and phyllophores embedded in a mesh of adventitious roots. The base of the trunk attained up to 50 cm in diameter and was composed almost totally of roots. Branching of the stems is isotomous. Each subsequent branch gives rise to a phyllophore and a geotropic adventitious root. Smaller roots arise from the bases of the phyllophores, as well as the larger roots, and all are covered with hairs and are directed horizontally. The two forms of roots are functionally complementary, the larger for support and absorption of water from the soil, the smaller for absorption in the humidity within the trunk. The repetitive branching of the stems concomitant with the increase of phyllophores and the two forms of adventitious roots comprised the oldest tree fern with false trunk known to this time. The phyllophores have no apparent phyllotaxy and many are abortive before reaching the exterior of the trunk. The cauline xylem strand, in transverse section, is a solid centrarch protostele while the phyllophore traces are simple and clepsydroid in outline. Xylem strands in the roots have four, rarely three or five, exarch protoxylem points. The combination of the very primitive anatomy with the arborescent habit is unique and the name Symplocopteris wyattii n. gen. et n. sp. is proposed. This plant is the oldest known zygopterid fern showing the clear anatomical and morphological distinction between stems, leaves and roots. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Early Fern, False Trunk, Lower Carboniferous, Australia, ArthropodTitle: Review of Policy ResearchFull Journal Title: Review of Policy ResearchISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Melkers, J. and Kiopa, A. (2010), The social capital of global ties in science: The added value of international collaboration. Review of Policy Research, 27 (4), 389-414.Full Text: 2010\Rev Pol Res27, 389.pdfAbstract: The globalization of science is demonstrated in the mobility of scientists across national boundaries, the composition of the U.S. scientific workforce, and increased collaboration across national boundaries. While studies based on bibliometric and other data have been useful in identifying trends, collaborative clusters, and other patterns in international collaboration, they do not reveal the social dynamics behind those collaborations. This paper addresses the human and social capital factors that explain whether or not an academic researcher in science and engineering has an international collaborator. Further, through detailed statistical models, the analysis also addresses the factors that differentiate the specific resources derived from those international ties. Results show that non-U.S. citizens are more likely to have close international collaborators, but that a range of factors explain this relationship. Further, results show that U.S. academic faculty mobilize different collaborative resources from international collaborators, versus their domestic collaborators.Keywords: Bibliometric, Capital, Co-Authorship, Collaboration, Embeddedness, Firms, Globalization, Information, International Collaboration, Mobility, Network Structure, Productivity, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Collaboration, Self-Organization, Social Capital, Social Networks, View, WorkTitle: Reviews in Chemical EngineeringFull Journal Title: Reviews in Chemical EngineeringISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Chem. Eng.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Chem EngISSN: 0167-8299Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Freund Publishing House LtdPublisher Address: Ste 500, Chesham House, 150 Regent St, London W1R 5FA, EnglandSubject Categories:Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 2.786, 4/126 (2002)Al-Duri, B. (1995), A review in equilibrium in single and multicomponent liquid adsorption systems. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 11 (2), 101-143.Keywords: Granular Activated Carbon, Adsorbed-Solution Theory, Heterogeneous Surfaces, Isotherm Data, Competitive Adsorption, Binary Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Dilute-Solutions, Mixtures, PredictionTitle: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology(Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.)Full Journal Title: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and ToxicologyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0179-5953Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor Notes: highly cited? Wauchope, R.D., Buttler, T.M., Hornsby, A.G., Augustijnbeckers, P.W.M. and Burt, J.P. (1992), The Scs Ars Ces pesticide properties database for environmental decision-making. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 123, 1-155Keywords: Adsorption, Bioconcentration Factors, Database, Degradation, Organic-Chemicals, Persistence, Pesticide, Pyrethroid Insecticides, Review, Soil Properties, Sorption, Surface-Water, Water Partition-Coefficients? Straub, T.M., Pepper, I.L. and Gerba, C.P. (1993), Hazards from pathogenic microorganisms in land-disposed sewage sludge. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 132, 55-91.Abstract: Sewage sludge is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds of biological and mineral origin that are precipitated from wastewater and sewage during primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage treatment. Present in these sludges are significant numbers of microorganisms that include viral, bacterial, protozoan, fungal, and helminth pathogens. The treatment of sludge to reduce biochemical oxygen demand, solids content, and odor is not always effective in reducing numbers of pathogens. This becomes a public health concern because the infectious dose for some of these pathogens may be as low as 1 particle (virus) to 50 organisms (Giardia). When sludge is applied to land for agricultural use and landfill compost, these pathogens can survive from days (bacteria) to months (viruses) to years (helminth eggs), depending on environmental conditions. Shallow aquifers can become contaminated with pathogens from sludge and, depending on groundwater flow, these organisms may travel significant distances from the disposal site. Communities that rely on groundwater for domestic use can become exposed to these pathogens, leading to a potential disease outbreak. Currently, methods to determine the risk of disease from pathogens in land-disposed sludge are inadequate because the sensitivity of pathogen detection is poor. The application of recombinant DNA technology (gene probes and polymerase chain reaction) to environmental samples may provide increased sensitivity for detecting specific pathogens in land-disposed sludge and greatly improved risk assessment models for our exposure to these sources of pathogens.? Albert, L.A. (1996), Persistent pesticides in Mexico. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 147, 1-44.Abstract: As part of the recent increase in the international interest in persistent organic pollutants and their environmental and health hazards, it was found that although most of them have been severely controlled in developed countries, in most developing countries--including Mexico--their import, use, and in some cases production have continued up to the present without sufficient or adequate controls. Despite the large and continuing use of persistent organic chemicals in Mexico in agriculture, public health, and industry, data on their import, production, use, disposal, and the presence of their residues in the environment, food, and human tissues are extremely scarce and widely dispersed. This review is devoted only to the use of persistent pesticides in Mexico; it is the first effort to locate, gather, and analyze this information and to summarize and discuss the past and current situation of the control of these chemicals in Mexico. This review discusses the general background for the use of these pesticides in the country, including historical development, the reasons for substitution by less persistent products in crops intended for export, and the undesirable effect of this substitution on the health of migratory agricultural workers. The current status of the legal framework for the control of pesticides in Mexico is presented with emphasis on its slow and haphazard development; the legal, technical, and administrative reasons for the insufficient enforcement and oversight of the existing regulations and standards are highlighted. The low priority of this research area for the Mexican science and technology authorities and the negative consequences of this low priority on the existence of sufficient reliable data on pesticide residues in the environment and humans in Mexico are also discussed. The available data on production and uses of persistent pesticides in Mexico are presented, and the existing information on their residues in the environment, biota, food, and human tissues in the country is summarized; maps with the location of the main studies are included to stress the lack of information for most of the country, especially for remote areas and regions of agriculture devoted to crops for local, domestic, or self-consumption. The major characteristics of these studies are discussed in specific sections and, on this basis, a general comment on the current situation and forecast for the near future is made. The conclusions summarize the information presented, with particular emphasis on the need to improve and update the legal framework and strengthen the technical and administrative infrastructure essential for the oversight and control of the regulations. The urgency of carrying out new studies, in particular interdisciplinary studies, to establish the current pattern for pollution by these chemicals in Mexico is stressed.? Evans, J.J. (1997), Rubber tire leachates in the aquatic environment. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 151, 67-115.Abstract: Tires have a deleterious effect on the environment. This review discusses the background of scrap tires discarded in the environment, including tire composition, adverse environmental effects, threats to public health and safety, and solid waste management. Despite the widespread use of scrap tires in environmental applications, both land-based and aquatic, data on the indicators of environmental degradation are extremely scarce. Indicators of environmental degradation include analysis of chemicals within the water and sediment, analysis of contaminants within organisms, and analysis of the biological effects of these compounds on plants, animals, microbes, and organelles. Although these indicators are most useful when used in parallel, a review of the available information on chemical characterization of tire leachate from tire storage facilities, manufacturing, usage in recycling applications, and toxicity exposure studies, of vegetation surveys from waste tire areas and reviews of mammalian tire product toxicity, and of toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of tire exposure in experimental aquatic animals, microbes, and organelles is presented. The major characteristics of these studies are discussed in specific sections. The ‘Discussion and Conclusions’ section discusses and summarizes the biological effects and chemical characterization of tire leachates. A global environmental perspective is included to improve our understanding of the deficiency of the current knowledge of tire leachate toxicity from various sources and to encourage interdisciplinary studies to establish the pattern of pollution associated with waste tire management.? Kannan, K., Tanabe, S., Giesy, J.P. and Tatsukawa, R. (1997), Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in foodstuffs from Asian and oceanic countries. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 152, 1-55.Abstract: Public concern about the adverse environmental and human health impacts of organochlorine contaminants led to strict regulations on their use in developed nations two decades ago. Nevertheless, DDT and several other organochlorine insecticides are still being used for agriculture and public health programs in developing countries in Asia and the South Pacific. As a consequence, humans in this region are exposed to greater dietary levels of organochlorines. In this review, published information on organochlorine concentrations in foodstuffs from South and Southeast Asia and Oceanic countries has been compiled. Foodstuffs that contribute to human exposures and dietary intakes of organochlorines were examined, and the data compared with those reported from more developed nations. Among various developing countries in Asia, considerable information on organochlorines in foodstuffs has been available from India since the late 1960s. DDT and HCH were the major insecticides in Indian foodstuffs. Concentrations of these insecticides have declined more than two orders of magnitude in farm products, such as food grains and vegetables, in two decades. Milk and milk products are the major sources of dietary exposure to DDT and HCH in India. The residues of these insecticides in dairy products were close to or above the MRLs of the FAO/WHO. Dietary intake of DDT and HCH by Indians was > 100 fold that in more developed nations. Sporadic incidences of greater concentrations (> 1 microgram/g) of aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlor have been measured in Indian vegetables. Untreated surface waters could be a potential source of DDT and HCH exposure. In most Southeast Asian countries DDT was the common contaminant in animal origin foodstuffs. The higher percentage of p, p’-DDT in meat and fish from Southeast Asian countries, except Japan and Korea, indicated the recent use of DDt in vector control operations. Dietary intakes of DDt and HCH in Southeast Asia were an order of magnitude less than those of Indians but 5-to 10 fold greater than in more developed nations. In addition to DDT, aldrin and dieldrin were prominent in meat collected from Thailand and Malaysia. Aquatic food products from more industrialized countries, such as Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, contained significant levels of PCBs. In South Pacific countries, particularly in Australia and New Zealand, chlordanes and PCBs were the most prevalent organochlorines in foodstuffs. Food contamination by DDT, HCH, aldrin, and dieldrin was less than in developing countries in Asia but greater than in the U.S. and Japan. Intake of PCBs in Australia was greater than in the U.S. Meat and fish were the major sources of organochlorine exposure by Australians. Human dietary intake of organochlorines has been declining more slowly in developing countries in Asia. Current intakes were at least 5-to 100 fold greater than those in more developed nations, suggesting a greater risk from organochlorine exposure. Factors such as malnutrition, common among rural poor in developing nations, can increase these risks. of greatest concern is the magnitude of exposure to organochlorines to which infants and children are subjected through human and dairy milk. The estimated intake of DDT by infants was at least 100 fold greater than the ADI of the FAO/WHO. In addition to DDT, excessive exposures to HCH and dieldrin may cause potential health effects in infants because they are more vulnerable to toxic effects. The design and implementation of appropriate epidemiological studies and their integration with monitoring of human, food, and environmental samples would be a major step in assessing the risks of organochlorine residues in foods and controlling or eliminating them. With the continued globalization of trade in food products, and the concomitant risk that food contaminated through point-source pollution may be widely distributed, identification of sources and their control should be matters of? Rusin, P.A., Rose, J.B., Haas, C.N. and Gerba, C.P. (1997), Risk assessment of opportunistic bacterial pathogens in drinking water. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 152, 57-83.Abstract: This study was undertaken to examine quantitatively the risks to human health posed by heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria found naturally in ambient and potable waters. There is no clear-cut evidence that the HPC bacteria as a whole pose a public health risk. Only certain members are opportunistic pathogens. Using the four-tiered approach for risk assessment from the National Academy of Sciences, hazard identification, dose-response modeling, and exposure through ingestion of drinking water were evaluated to develop a risk characterization, which estimates the probability of infection for individuals consuming various levels of specific HPC bacteria. HPC bacteria in drinking water often include isolates from the following genera: Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Moraxella, Aeromonas, and Xanthomonas. Other bacteria that are commonly found are Legionella and Mycobacterium. All these genera contain species that are opportunistic pathogens which may cause serious diseases. For example, the three nonfermentative gram-negative rods most frequently isolated in the clinical laboratory are (1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (2) Acinetobacter, and (3) Xanthomonas maltophilia. P. aeruginosa is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections with a high mortality rate. Aeromonas is sometimes associated with wound infections and suspected to be a causative agent of diarrhea. Legionella Pneumophila causes 4%-20% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and has been ranked as the second or third most frequent cause of pneumonia requiring hospitalization. The number of cases of pulmonary disease associated with Mycobacterium avian is rapidly increasing and is approaching the incidence of M. tuberculosis in some areas. Moraxella can cause infections of the eye and upper respiratory tract. The oral infectious doses are as follows in animal and human test subjects: P. aeruginosa, 108-109; A, hydrophila, > 1010; M. avium, 104-107; and X. maltophilia, 106-109. The infectious dose for an opportunistic pathogen is lower for immunocompromised subjects or those on antibiotic treatment. These bacteria have been found in drinking water at the following frequencies: P. aeruginosa, < 1%-24%; Acinetobacter, 5%-38%; X. maltophilia, < 1%-2%; Aeromonas, 1%-27%; Moraxella, 10%-80%; M. avium, < 1%-50%; and L. Pneumophila, 3%-33%. These data suggest that drinking water could be a source of infection for some of these bacteria. The risk characterization showed that risks of infection from oral ingestion ranged from a low of 7.3×10-9 (7.3/billion) for low exposures to Aeromonas to higher risks predicted at high levels of exposure to Pseudomonas of 9×10-2 (98/100). This higher risk was only predicted for individuals on antibiotics. Overall, the evidence suggests that specific members of HPC bacteria found in drinking water may be causative agents of both hospital-and community-acquired infections. However, the case numbers may be very low and the risks represent levels generally less than 1/10,000 for a single exposure to the bacterial agent. Future research needs include (1) determining the seasonal concentrations of these bacteria in drinking water, (2) conducting adequate dose-response studies in animal subjects or human volunteers, (3) determining the health risks for an individual with multiple exposures to the opportunistic pathogens, and (4) evaluating the increase in host susceptibility conferred by antibiotic use or immunosuppression.? Botello, A.V., Villanueva, S. and Díaz, G. (1997), Petroleum pollution in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 153, 91-118.Abstract: In 1976, IOC-UNESCO and UNEP convened a meeting in Port of Spain to analyze the marine pollution problems in the region, noting that petroleum pollution was of regionwide concern and recommended initiating a research and monitoring program to determine the severity of the problem and monitor its effects. The Wider Caribbean is potentially one of the largest oil-producing areas in the world. Major production sites include Louisiana and Texas in the U.S., the Bay of Campeche, Mexico; Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela; and the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad. All these are classified as high-risk production accident zones. Main sources of petroleum pollution in the Wider Caribbean are production, exploitation, transportation, urban and municipal discharges, refining and chemical wastes, normal loading and unloading operations, and accidental spills. About 5 million barrels of crude oil are transported daily in the Caribbean, thus generating an intense tanker traffic. It has been estimated that oil discharges from tank washings within the Wider Caribbean could be as high as 7 million barrels/yr. The results of the Caribbean Pollution Regional Program (CARIPOL) conducted between 1980 and 1987 pointed out that significant levels of petroleum pollution exist throughout the Wider Caribbean, including serious tar contamination of windward exposed beaches, high levels of floating tar within the major current systems, and very high levels of dissolved and dispersed hydrocarbons in surface waters. Major adverse effects of this type of pollution include: high tar levels on many beaches that either prevent their recreational use or require very expensive cleanup operations, distress and death for marine life, and responses in the enzyme systems of marine organisms that have been correlated with declines in reproductive success. Finally, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tissues of important economic species has been reported, creating a risk for public health because of the potential carcinogenic effects.? Cabrera, C., Ortega, E., Lorenzo, M.L. and López, M.C. (1998), Cadmium contamination of vegetable crops, farmlands, and irrigation waters. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 154, 55-81.Abstract: Cadmium, a highly toxic element that can accumulate in living tissues, is a potential threat to the environment and to human health. The main sources of Cd contamination of vegetable crops via farm soils and irrigation waters are reviewed, as are the influence of residual sludges used as fertilizers and the indiscriminate use of pesticides. The principal sources of exposure and toxicological characteristics of Cd are described, together with its effects on human health. Current European technical and health regulations aimed at controlling Cd levels are noted, and the most common analytical techniques for measuring Cd content are summarized.? Tomy, G.T., Fisk, A.T., Westmore, J.B. and Muir, D.C. (1998), Environmental chemistry and toxicology of polychlorinated n-alkanes. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 158, 53-128.Abstract: Polychlorinated-n-alkanes (PCAs) or chlorinated paraffins consist of C10 to C30 n-alkanes with chlorine content from 30% to 70% by mass. PCAs are used as high-temperature lubricants, plasticizers, flame retardants, and additives in adhesives, paints, rubber, and sealants. This review presents the existing data on the environmental chemistry and toxicology of PCAs and a preliminary exposure and risk assessment. There is limited information on the levels, fate, or biological effects of PCAs in the environment. This results both from the difficulty associated with quantifying PCAs, because of the complexity inherent to commercial formulations, and from the limited knowledge of their physicochemical properties and biodegradation rates. There are indications that PCAs are widespread environmental contaminants at ng/L levels in surface waters and ng/g (wet wt) levels in biota. However, environmental measurements of PCAs are very limited in the U.S. and Canada, and are only slightly more detailed in western Europe. Assuming that reported water concentrations are mainly caused by the short chain (C10-C13) compounds, aquatic organisms may be at risk from exposure to PCAs. Fugacity level II modeling for two representative PCAs, using the best available physicochemical property data and estimated degradation rates, suggested that C16C24Cl10 would achieve higher concentrations in biota, sediment, and soil than C12H20Cl6 because of slower degradation rates and lower water solubility. Environmental residence time of C16H24Cl10 is estimated to be 520 d compared to 210 d for C12H20Cl6. Future studies will require better analytical methods and reference materials certified for PCA content. Additional data are needed to evaluate exposure of biota to PCAs in the environment, particularly in light of their continued production and usage around the globe.? Park, D.L., Guzman Perez, S.E. and Lopez Garcia, R. (1999), Aquatic biotoxins: Design and implementation of seafood safety monitoring programs. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 161, 157-200.Abstract: Naturally occurring toxicants are usually odorless, tasteless, and generally undetectable by any simple chemical test. Various programs have been established that are effective in reducing risks associated with these toxicants in food. These programs include setting regulatory limits, monitoring susceptible commodities for toxin levels, and using decontamination procedures. Bioassays have been used traditionally to monitor suspect products. All traditional bioassays, however, have one common disadvantage, i.e., the lack of specificity for individual toxins. The lack of available reference standards for specific toxins has also hampered implementation of monitoring programs. Utilizing the knowledge gained with regulatory monitoring and decontamination programs for other toxins, e.g., aflatoxin, similar seafood safety programs can be developed for aquatic biotoxins that will reduce risks and hazards associated with the contaminant to practicable levels and help to preserve an adequate food supply. Research is needed in several areas identified in this article. International cooperation has an important role in achieving these essential elements. Global programs will help in the adequate management of risks associated with aquatic biotoxins. To have an effective monitoring program, it is necessary to define precisely the local needs for information in a short or long time range. It is necessary to have basic knowledge about the biological, chemical, and physical conditions as well as temporal and geographic variations within the region of interest (2). Regardless of the overall success of fish/shellfish toxin monitoring plans, emergencies will occur. Therefore, contingency plans should be developed so there will be no misunderstanding of what actions to take (148). In general, however, the structure of the program must be kept as simple as possible to facilitate fast and uncomplicated flow of information among the various organizations and individuals involved (2). Public health and safety requires the removal of any toxic shellfish from the market, within practicability, and closure of any suspect harvest area. It should be important to remember that economic value of the fish or shellfish resource is always secondary to public health and safety (148).? No, H.K. and Meyers, S.P. (2000), Application of chitosan for treatment of wastewaters. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 163, 1-27.Keywords: Waste-Water, Metal-Ions, Soluble Chitosans, Removing Phenols, Cross-Linking, Adsorption, Chitin, Dyes, Coagulation, Recovery? Duy, T.N., Lam, P.K.S., Shaw, G.R. and Connell, D.W. (2000), Toxicology and risk assessment of freshwater cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) toxins in water. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 163, 113-185.Abstract: The occurrence of cyanobacterial toxins affects aquatic organisms, terrestrial animals (both wild and domestic), and humans. Detrimental effects have been documented in the scientific literature during the past 50 years. Possible guideline values of some cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, and anatoxin-a) are estimated, and they show that children and infants are more susceptible to cyanobacterial toxins than adults. Therefore, particular attention should be paid when cyanobacterial blooms occur, even at relatively low cell counts, to protect children and infants from possible risks. Based on these guideline values and the occurrence of the toxins, it can be concluded that chronic and subchronic exposure to cyanobacterial toxins does occur in some populations, particularly in developing countries where high proportions of the population consume untreated surface water directly, such as pond, ditch, river, or reservoir water. Because wildlife and domestic animals consume a large amount of untreated water daily, they are at higher risk than humans from cyanobacterial toxins. Calculated guideline values in Section X show that a relatively high risk posed by the toxins to these animals is likely to occur, even at low cell densities.? Wolt, J.D., Nelson, H.P., Cleveland, C.B. and van Wesenbeeck, I.J. (2001), Biodegradation kinetics for pesticide exposure assessment. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 169, 123-164.Keywords: 3-Chloroallyl Alcohol, Cloransulam-Methyl, Soil, Degradation, Transformation, Sorption, Field, Dissipation, Herbicide, Subsoils? Krishnani, K.K. and Ayyappan, S. (2006), Heavy metals remediation of water using plants and lignocellulosic agrowastes. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 188, 59-84.Full Text: 2006\Rev Env Con Tox188, 59.pdfKeywords: Sugar-Beet Pulp, Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, NICA-Donnan Approach, Low-Cost Biosorbent, Bagasse Fly-Ash, Aqueous-Solution, Waste-Water, Hexavalent Chromium, Drinking-Water, Wheat BranTitle: Reviews on Environmental Health(Rev. Environ. Health)? Gaby, W.L. (1981), Health hazards associated with solid waste disposal. Reviews on Environmental Health, 3 (3), 277-291.Abstract: The landfilling and disposal of domestic solid waste should be considered as great or greater a public health hazard as raw sewage. Solid waste is toxic and contains a greater variety of pathogenic microorganisms than does sewage sludge. of all the procedures for solid waste disposal, landfills have and will continue to give rise to serious public health problems of land and water pollution. Although the general public is opposed to landfilling our inept health officials have offered small communities and cities no choice. Small communities do not have the technical knowledge or the funds to initiate alternative procedures. As the volume of solid waste increases each year the magnitude of the health hazards will eventually force public health agencies to implement correct disposal procedures ultimately resulting in recycling.? Iyaniwura, T.T. (1991), Health and environmental hazards of pesticides. Reviews on Environmental Health, 9 (1), 47-52.Abstract: The increase in world population and in demand for food and economic crops has put a pesticide burden on man and the environment. Pesticide residues from vector control and agricultural uses contaminate the terrestrial and aquatic surroundings and contribute to the pollution problem of the environment. Various human toxicoses have resulted from pesticide use. The major pathogenic pesticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphates. With careful and enlightened use, pesticide toxicity, to both man and the environment, could be significantly reduced.? Iyaniwura, T.T. (1991), Non-target and environmental hazards of pesticides. Reviews on Environmental Health, 9 (3), 161-176.Abstract: When compared with pesticide pollution from other sources and pollution by other agents, the hazards of atmospheric pollution by pesticides appear relatively insignificant. The high persistency in the environment observed especially with the organochlorines suggests that there could be a gradual accumulation of residual pesticides in the atmosphere. Thus, in addition to the function of redistributing pesticides by air currents and aerial drifts, the atmosphere may become a major reservoir for drift prone finely divided particulate pesticides and highly volatile compounds. Indiscriminate aerial spraying should be avoided. A more selective approach should be adopted whereby forest areas are sprayed without contaminating streams, lakes and inland waters. Improvement in spraying devices are needed such that pesticides are more precisely delivered to target. Direct spraying of water bodies should be avoided as much as possible. Treatment of waste water for pesticide removal or neutralization prior to effluence from factories and disposal of effluence to legally designated sites in addition to chemical treatment of contaminated water are more ways of reducing water pollution. Pesticide residues in soil, in addition to eliminating or reducing parasitic microbes, are also toxic to the non-parasitic and ecologically useful soil microbial and vertebrate population. Pesticides may reduce certain microorganism populations while they stimulate the growth of others, especially the saphrophytic and spore forming types. Soil chemical properties may also be altered by accumulation of residual pesticides and their metabolites. These processes may disrupt the ecological balance in the soil microenvironment, first by simplifying the microbial population, and possibly by reducing soil fertility and its ability to support life. Non-target or residual pesticide toxicity would also disrupt the population of some of the valuable soil invertebrates like earthworms, predatory mites, centipedes and carabid beetles. Accumulation of pesticides in resistant or tolerant species may provoke episodes of toxicity to organisms higher in the food chain. The chlorinated hydrocarbons are likely to be most ecotoxic. Use of such pesticides ought to be restricted. Efforts to find alternatives to pesticides, especially research into biological control, should be intensified.? Tchounwou, P.B., Abdelghani, A.A., Pramar, Y.V., Heyer, L.R. and Steward, C.M. (1996), Assessment of potential health risks associated with ingesting heavy metals in fish collected from a hazardous-waste contaminated wetland in Louisiana, USA. Reviews on Environmental Health, 11 (4), 191-203.Abstract: Significant adverse effects on environmental quality, ecosystem integrity, and human health have often been associated with improper disposal of hazardous materials. This study ascertains the levels of eight heavy metals in various fish species that were collected from a local hazardous-waste-contaminated wet-land and estimates the potential health risk that may be associated with consuming such fish. We examined a total of 53 fish samples representing, 12 different species. The respective mean concentrations (ng/g) of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, and nickel found in edible tissues were as follows: 72.5±103.1, 55.4±34.6, 97.4±111.7, 177.3±328.3, 2711.0±4469.6, 26.0±, 119.0, 32.7±75.3, and 81.5±178.9. For a 10-kg child eating 6.5 g of fish per day, the computed combined hazard index was 0.475; for 70-kg adults with a daily consumption of 6.5 g (general population), 30 g (sport fishermen), and 140 g (subsistence fishermen), the respective computed hazard indices were 0.068, 0.313, and 1.462. The results indicate that subsistence fishermen had the highest risk for systemic effects, with an exposure exceeding the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Reference Dose value. In a 10-kg child, such excess exposure would be reached--even with such single metals as arsenic and mercury--when applying the EPA-approved maximum fish consumption rate of 54 g/day to the general population. The cancer risk for arsenic, the only metal with an established cancer potency factor from oral exposure, varied from 810-6 to 25310-6, indicating an exposure exceeding the widely accepted risk level of 110-6 (one excess cancer per 106 population).? Pascucci, P.R. and Kowalak, A.D. (1996), Public health benefits of using algae for simultaneous multiple metal extraction from waters. Reviews on Environmental Health, 11 (4), 205-211.Abstract: Algae have been described as inexpensive organisms for the efficient extraction and recovery of heavy-metals from polluted waters. This method is most effective when the solution conditions are adjusted for the selective adsorption of individual metals. Experiments that are designed for extracting single metals, however, do not accurately assess either environmental or water systems. In this article, we distinguish between using algae to remove individual versus multiple metals. Simultaneous multiple metal extraction has a major disadvantage, however, because all the metals in a solution may not be removed with great efficiency. Single-metal extraction is more readily optimized for almost 100% recovery.? Taylor, D.M. and Taylor, S.K. (1997), Environmental uranium and human health. Reviews on Environmental Health, 12 (3), 147-157.Abstract: Uranium from the environment enters the human body by ingestion with food and drink and by inhalation of respirable airborne uranium-containing dust particles or aerosols. Daily intake of uranium in food and water varies from approximately 1 to approximately 5 micrograms U/d daily in uncontaminated regions to 13-18 micrograms/d or more in uranium mining areas. A 70 kg, non-occupationally exposed ‘Reference Man’ living in Europe or in the United States has an estimated total body uranium content of about 22 micrograms. Uranium is absorbed from the intestine or the lungs, enters the bloodstream, and is rapidly deposited in the tissues, predominantly kidney and bone, or excreted in the urine. In the bloodstream, uranium is associated with red cells, and its clearance is relatively rapid. Renal toxicity is a major adverse effect of uranium, but the metal has toxic effects on the cardiovascular system, liver, muscle, and nervous system as well. Any possible direct risk of cancer or other chemical-or radiation-induced health detriments from uranium deposited in the human body is probably less than 0.005% in contrast to an expected indirect risk of 0.2% to 3% through inhaling the radioactive inert gas radon, which is produced by the decay of environmental uranium-238 in rocks and soil and is present in materials that are used to build dwellings and buildings where people live and work.? Tchounwou, P.B., Wilson, B. and Ishaque, A. (1999), Important considerations in the development of public health advisories for arsenic and arsenic-containing compounds in drinking water. Reviews on Environmental Health, 14 (4), 211-229.Abstract: Drinking water contamination by arsenic remains a major public health problem. Acute and chronic arsenic exposure via drinking water has been reported in many countries of the world; especially in Argentina, Bangladesh, India, Mexico, Thailand, and Taiwan, where a large proportion of drinking water (ground water) is contaminated with a high concentration of arsenic. Research has also pointed out significantly higher standardized mortality ratios and cumulative mortality rates for cancers of the bladder, kidney, skin, liver, and colon in many areas of arsenic pollution. General health effects that are associated with arsenic exposure include cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease, developmental anomalies, neurologic and neurobehavioral disorders, diabetes, hearing loss, portal fibrosis of the liver, lung fibrosis, hematologic disorders (anemia, leukopenia, and eosinophilia), and carcinoma. Although, the clinical manifestations of arsenic poisoning appear similar, the toxicity of arsenic compounds depends largely u[on the chemical species and the form of arsenic involved. On the basis of its high degree of toxicity to humans, and the non-threshold dose-response assumption, a zero level exposure is recommended for arsenic, even though this level is practically non-attainable. In this review, we provide and discuss important information on the physical and chemical properties, production and use, fate and transport, toxicokinetics, systemic and carcinogenic health effects, regulatory and health guidelines, analytical methods, and treatment technologies that are applied to arsenic pollution. Such information is critical in assisting the federal, state and local officials who are responsible for protecting public health in dealing with the problem of drinking water contamination by arsenic and arsenic-containing compounds.Title: Reviews of Modern PhysicsFull Journal Title: Reviews of Modern PhysicsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Franck, J. (1945), Photosynthetic activity of isolated chloroplasts. Reviews of Modern Physics, 17 (2-3), 112-119.Full Text: -1959\Rev Mod Phy17, 112.pdfNotes: highly cited? Einstein, A. and Straus, E.G. (1945), The influence of the expansion of space on the gravitation fields surrounding the individual stars. Reviews of Modern Physics, 17 (2-3), 120-124.Full Text: -1959\Rev Mod Phy17, 120.pdfKeywords: ExpansionTitle: Reviews in the NeurosciencesFull Journal Title: Reviews in the NeurosciencesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? van Dijk, K.R.A., Scherder, E.J.A., Scheltens, P. and Sergeant, J.A. (2002), Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on non-pain related cognitive and behavioural functioning. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 13 (3), 257-270.Abstract: An extensive search through nine electronic bibliographic databases (PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ERIC, PsychINFO, Psyndex, Cinahl, Biological Abstracts, Rehab-data) was performed in order to review the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on non-pain related cognitive and behavioural functioning. Eight studies were identified on neglect due to stroke, six studies on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), one study on aging, and two studies on coma due to traumatic brain injury. The results of the various studies revealed that TENS has a variety of effects. These consist of enhancement of. somatosensory functioning, visuo-spatial abilities and postural control in neglect, improved memory, affective behaviour and rest-activity rhythm in AD and acceleration of awakening in coma. Effectiveness of TENS is discussed in relation to various stimulation parameters: duration, frequency, pulse width and intensity. It is argued that arousal may underlie the beneficial influence of TENS in various conditions. Finally, suggestions are offered for future research.Keywords: Aging, Alzheimer’S Disease, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Bibliographic, Bibliographic Databases, Brain, Cerebral Atrophy, Cochrane, Coma, Control, Databases, Disease, Effectiveness, Frequency, Injury, Locus-Coeruleus, Memory, Neck Muscles, Neglect, Neglect Patients, Probable Alzheimers-Disease, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Raphe Nucleus, Research, Review, Rhythm, Science, Senile Dementia, Spinal Pathways, Stroke, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Traumatic Brain Injury, Web of Science? Luijpen, M.W., Scherder, E.J.A., Van Someren, E.J.W., Swaab, D.F. and Sergeant, J.A. (2003), Non-pharmacological interventions in cognitively impaired and demented patients: A comparison with cholinesterase inhibitors. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 14 (4), 343-368.Abstract: The present paper reviews studies examining the effects of non-pharmacological stimulation, i.e. bright light, physical activity and tactile stimulation (touch), on cognition, affective behaviour, and the sleep-wake rhythm of impaired and demented elderly, both in a qualitative (narrative) and quantitative (meta-analytic) manner. An extensive search through eight bibliographic data bases (PUBMED, Web of Science, ERIC, PsychINFO, Psyndex, Cinahl, Biological Abstracts and Rehabdata) was performed up to August 2002. The primary criterion for inclusion in this review was that studies provided sufficient data to calculate effect-sizes. In the qualitative analysis, all three types of stimulation appeared to improve cognitive functioning. Disturbances in behaviour react positively to bright light and tactile stimulation. Bright light was also beneficial to sleep. Tactile stimulation had, moreover, a beneficial influence on the patient-caretaker relationship. A comparison was made with several representative papers published since 1991 on the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on cognition and behaviour with representative papers on non-pharmacological stimulation interventions. Data indicated that improvements in cognition and affective behaviour by non-pharmacological interventions (d’ = 0.32) and by cholinesterase inhibitors (d’ = 0.31) were of similar effect-size. Possible mechanisms underlying the non-pharmacological stimulation effects are discussed and suggestions offered for future research.Keywords: Activity Rhythm Disturbances, Alzheimer’S Disease, Analysis, Bibliographic, Bright Light, Bright Light Therapy, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Cognition, Cognitive Impairment, Computerized Assessment System, Controlled Trial, Dementia, Elderly, Interventions, Mini-Mental-State, Non-Pharmacological Intervention, Non-Pharmacological Interventions, Nursing-Home Residents, Papers, Pharmacological Intervention, Physical Activity, Physical-Activity, Primary, Pubmed, Quantitative, Research, Review, Rhythm, Science, Severe Alzheimers-Disease, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Touch, Vascular Dementia, Web of ScienceTitle: Revija Za Socijalnu PolitikuFull Journal Title: Revija Za Socijalnu PolitikuISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? ?venda-Radeljak, K. (2010), Croatian journal of social policy-fifteen years of continuous publication (1994-2008). Revija Za Socijalnu Politiku, 17 (1), 155-170.Full Text: 2010\Rev Za Soc Pol17, 155.pdfAbstract: The paper analyses the characteristics and development of the Croatian Journal of Social Policy during its fifteen years of continuous publication with regard to the following features: the dynamics of publication, the role of the editorial board, the share of specific categories of contributions, authorship and language and the journals presence oil the network. Selected bibliometric indicators and the content analysis method were used for the aforementioned analyses.Keywords: Authorship, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Methods, Content Analysis, Croatian Journal of Social Policy, Development, Journals, Publication, Scientific JournalTitle: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo(Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao. Paulo.)? da Silva, A.A., Cutrim, R.N., de Britto e Alves M.T., e Alves, M.T., Coimbra, L.C., Tonial, S.R. and Borges, D.P. (1997), Water-contact patterns and risk factors for Schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural village of northeast Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 39 (2), 91-96.Abstract: Schistosomiasis mansoni in the Serrano village, municipality of Cururupu, state of Maranh?o, Brazil, is a widely spread disease. The PECE (Program for the Control of Schistosomiasis), undertaken since 1979 has reduced the prevalence of, S. mansoni infection and the hepatosplenic form of the disease. Nevertheless piped water is available in 84% of the households, prevalence remains above 20%. In order to identify other risk factors responsible for the persistence of high prevalence levels, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in a systematic sample of 294 people of varying ages. Socioeconomic, environmental and demographic variables, and water contact patterns were investigated. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed by the Kato-Katz technique. Prevalence of, S. mansoni infection was 24.1%, higher among males (35.5%) and between 10-19 years of age (36.6%). The risk factors identified in the univariable analysis were water contacts for vegetable extraction (Risk Ratio--RR = 2.92), crossing streams (RR = 2.55), bathing (RR = 2.35), fishing (RR = 2.19), hunting (RR = 2.17), cattle breeding (RR = 2.04), manioc culture (RR = 1.90) and leisure (RR = 1.56). After controlling for confounding variables by proportional hazards model the risks remained higher for males, vegetable extraction, bathing in rivers and water contact in rivers or in periodically inundated parts of riverine woodland (swamplands).Title: R Soc Health J(R. Soc. Health J.)? (1979), Drinking water--treatment agents and health. R Soc Health J, 99 (2), 46-47.Title: Revista de Administracao de EmpresasFull Journal Title: Revista de Administracao de EmpresasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Neto, O.R.D., Riccio, E.L. and Sakata, M.C.G. (2009), Ten years of accounting research in Brazil: Analysis with papers of enanpads from 1996 to 2005. Revista de Administracao de Empresas, 49 (1), 62-73.Full Text: 2009\Rev Adm Emp49, 62.pdfAbstract: This paper analyzes the temporal evolution of scientific accounting research in Brazil and the relationship between as not-motive and positive approaches. In order to do so, this study was based on documental descriptive research of papers submitted at the Annual Meeting of the National Association of the Post-Graduation Programs in Management (ENANPADs), from 1996 to 2005. Bibliometrics (Lotka’s Law) was used to assess the productivity of the authors of the papers. The results are consistent with the results obtained by Fulbier and Sellhorn (2006) in Europe and reveal that authors predominantly adopt a positive approach,few researchers use the two approaches and confirm that Brazilian researchers have a lower productivity in comparison to those who publish in English-language periodicals.Keywords: Accounting Research, Bibliometric Distributions, Bibliometrics, Enanpad, Normative, Paradigm, Patterns, Periodicals, Positive, ResearchTitle: Revista da Associa??o Médica BrasileiraFull Journal Title: Revista da Associacao Medica BrasileiraISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0104-4230Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Da Rocha, F.F., Fuscaldi, T., Castro, V., Do Carmo, W., Amaral, D. and Correa, H. (2007), Brazilian scientific production in the 40 psychiatric journals with high impact factor in 2006. Revista da Associa??o Médica Brasileira, 53 (6), 543-546.Full Text: 2007\Rev Ass Med Bra53, 543.pdfAbstract: OBJECTIVE. The Brazilian scientific production published in 2006 in the twenty psychiatric Journals with high impact factor (IF) according to the journal of Citation Report (JCR), 2006, was evaluated. METHODS. All articles from 94 journals with an IF higher than the average (n = 40) were selected. We assessed the articles that had at least one author affiliated to a Brazillan institutions as well as those with only Brazilian authors or a first1senior author belonging to a Brazillian Institution. Secondly, the distribution of the author(s) by state was determined RESULTS. Among 7996 articles surveyed 96 (1.20%) had at least one author from a Brazilian institution and in eight, the first senior author belonged to a Brazillian institution, not including the 59 publications that were written only by Brazillan authors. The distribution by state showed Sao Paulo as ranking first with 46 articles (479196) and absolute predominance of the South-Southeast region (98.95%). CONCLUSION. Although, Brazillian publications on psychiatry had demonstrated apparent quantitative and qualitative growth, Scientific production on the subject remains highly concentrated in a few states.Keywords: Bibliometric Analyses, Distribution, First, Growth, Impact, Impact Factor, Institutions, Journal, Journals, Mental-Health Research, Methods, Psychiatry, Publications, Qualitative, Ranking, Research, Scientific Production, State, Universities? Bordalo, L.A., Teixeira, T.F.S., Bressan, J. and Murao, D.M. (2011), Bariatric surgery: How and why to supplement. Revista da Associa??o Médica Brasileira, 57 (1), 113-120.Full Text: 2011\Rev Ass Med Bra57, 113.pdfAbstract: Bariatric surgery: how and why to supplement Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery are at increased risk of developing nutritional deficiencies from limited food intake and absorption of different nutrients. A systematic review of several database websites (PUBMED and ISI Web of Science) was conducted from September 1983 to April 2010 to identify literature related to micronutrient deficiencies occurring after bariatric surgery. Keywords used individually or in various combinations in the search were bariatric surgery, obesity, vitamin/mineral deficiencies, protein deficiency, nutrient absorption and nutrient supplementation. Literature suggests that to prevent or treat nutritional deficiencies resulting from anatomical changes due to surgical techniques nutritional supplementation is usually necessary. The success of oral nutritional supplementation to correct or prevent nutritional deficiencies depends on several factors. Thus, to understand how nutrients can be administered is very important for clinical practice. This review aims to provide help for the best selection of nutrients to ensure an adequate replacement of nutrients in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.Keywords: Bariatric Surgery, Biliopancreatic Diversion, Bone, Calcium-Absorption, Complications, Deficiency Diseases, Dietary Supplements, Gastric Bypass, Gastric Bypass-Surgery, ISI, Literature, Micronutrient Deficiencies, Morbid-Obesity, Obesity, Oral, Practice, Pubmed, Review, Risk, Science, Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Success, Surgery, Surgical, Systematic, Systematic Review, Vitamin-D, Web of Science, Websites, Weight-LossTitle: Revista de Biologia TropicalFull Journal Title: Revista de Biologia TropicalISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Biol. Trop.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Biol TropISSN: 0034-7744Issues/Year: 3Journal Country/Territory: Costa RicaLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Revista de Biologia TropicalPublisher Address: Universidad de Costa Rica Ciudad Universitaria, San Jose, Costa RicaSubject Categories: Biology: Impact Factor? Goldman, C.R. (1976), Ecological aspects of water impoundment in the tropics. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 24 (1 Suppl), 87-112.Full Text: Rev Bio Tro24, 87.pdfAbstract: Recognition of the potentially harmful effects of water development in the tropics had led to increasing efforts to assess the environmental impact of such projects prior to construction. Decisions regarding the development or non-development of water resources must be based on sound investigation of both the long-and short-term effects of reservoir construction and operation. The environmental effects of water impoundment vary greatly with the characteristics of the region as well as the type of reservoir to be constructed (area and depth of reservoir, ratio of water inflow to storage). of major concern are the reduction of reservoir capacity as sediments accumulate behind the dam and the loss of these sediments to downstream agriculture and fisheries. The potential impact of altered flow regimes, siltation, reduction in beach formation and nutrient enrichment at the mouths of rivers, and the possibility of saltwater encroachment should receive careful stdy. A thorough description of the plants and animals to be affected by inundation should be made to determine the possible loss of rare or key organisms as well as the potential development of ‘nuisance species’. Included in this survey should be a detailed study of existing fish and the potential for commercial fishery development in the proposed reservoir. Consideration should be given to vegetation removal in the reservoir basin prior to inundation, since decaying vegetation can result in deoxygenation, formation of hydrogen sulfide, possible development of suitable habitats for undesirable species and snagging of fish nets. Sanitation and land use practices as well as erosion in the watershed surrounding the reservoir must be controlled to prevent accelerated eutrophication caused by increased nutrient loading. Inundation in tropical areas can have serious sociological and human health implications including the increase of diseases, e.g., malaria, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and dysentery, and the probable resettlement and alteration of land use practices. Census information and surveys concerning land use, housing and health standards and the social and economic structure of the community to be affected must be evaluated in order to anticipate and avoid potential problems. The archaeologic, historic, scenic and recreational value of the site to be inundated must also be considered. Studies of the EL Cajón site on the Sula River in Honduras and the Purari River Project in Papua, New Guinea, are utilized as examples in this report.? Lutz, M.I.G., Deretana, D.E.M. and Warner, J. (1994), Growth of Cattleya-dowiana (Orchidaceae) under several laboratory conditions. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42 (1-2), 73-79.Full Text: 1994\Rev Bio Tro42, 73.pdfAbstract: The effects of several culture media, fertilizers and fungicides on Cattleya dowiana Bateman were analyzed. Although fibers of the endangered tree fern Cyathea spp. allowed the highest growth rate, other media are acceptable substitutes. Unexpectedly, fertilization reduced growth. No interactions with media were found. Contact and systemic fungicides are not necessary under the used conditions.Keywords: Orchidaceae, Cattleya Dowiana, Growth, Culture? Rossi, M.R., Mendez, V.H. and Monge-Nájera, J. (1997), Distribution of Costa Rican epiphytic bromeliads and the Holdridge Life Zone System. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45 (3), 1021-1031.Full Text: 1997\Rev Bio Tro45, 1021.pdfAbstract: Detailed distribution maps for the major bromeliad genera native to Costa Rica were prepared based on the collections in the three largest herbaria of the country and on citations from the literature. Most records are from the montane habitats, probably reflecting the frequent need for moisture by these plants. Vriesea and Guzmania have been collected mostly in moist highlands, Tillandsia and Catopsis show abundance peaks at various altitudes and Aechmea is more restricted to moist lowland habitats. in 1975, Burt-Utley and Utley had hypothesized that the Holdridge Life Zone System should fit the distribution of epiphytic bromeliads because soil (a factor not considered in the System) is not important in their occurrence. However, on average, species were absent in about half of the Life Zones where they were expected to occur according to the Holdridge classification. It is hypothesized that the System failed because epiphytic bromeliad distribution reflects factor interactions rather than humidity, light or temperature individually.Keywords: Biogeography, Biotic Unit, Bromeliad, Citations, Classification, Costa Rica, Country, Distribution, Holdridge, Life Zone System, Literature, Moisture, Plants, Records, Soil, Species, Temperature, Vegetation? Monge-Nájera, J., Hernandez, F., Gonzalez, M.I., Soley, J., Araya, J. and Zolla, S. (1998), Spatial distribution, territoriality and sound production by tropical cryptic butterflies (Hamadryas, Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae): Implications for the “industrial melanism” debate. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 46 (2), 297-329.Full Text: 1998\Rev Bio Tro46, 297.pdfAbstract: Neotropical butterflies of the genus Hamadryas, noted by the emission of sound, spend much time perching on trees and are believed to be cryptically patterned and colored with respect to tree trunks and branches they use as perching sites, but the subject had not been studied previously. This paper describes spatial distribution, territoriality and sound production in five species, under natural conditions: Hamadryas amphinome (Lucas, 1853), H. februa (Godart, 1824), H. feronia (Fruhstorfer, 1916), H. glauconome (Bates, 1864) and H. guatemalena (Bates, 1864). Tree characteristics and use by butterflies were recorded under natural conditions in open habitats (grassland thinly covered with trees) in Costa Rica and Panama, avoiding the problems that affected previous natural selection studies in Biston betularia (the “industrial melanism” moth). Males perched on the trees and used them as courting territories. The butterflies perched more often on some individual trees, and did not use others. The general tree bark (“background”) color tended to match wing coloration, while presence of food, position of trees along flight routes, tree size, bark texture, and lichen cover were not associated with the frequency of perching on the trees. Most individuals that perched in the study sites were males. Species differed in perching height and populations of H. februa perched at the same heights in both countries; H. feronia moves to higher perches near day’s end. The relative use of branches and trunks is not related to the time of day but reflects the typical perching height of each species. The northern side of trees is less used and cardinal side distribution is independent of time of day. Perches exposed to direct sunlight are less used in hot days. All species perch with the head downwards. Perching males frequently fly towards other Hamadryas as well as towards tethered cardboard models. Trees with experimentally removed males were taken by newcomers 32 times more often than trees with resident males. Each marked H. feronia male was seen perching on 1-4 trees daily, without difference between seasons, and each tree used had a minimum daily mean of 1.5 perching butterflies. Most H. feronia interactions occur from 13:00 through 15:00 hours and are more frequent in the rainy season. At night males share perches. Sound emission was studied by using non-destructive experimental methods (N=858) and with a scanning electron microscope. Both sexes emit sound and the sound apparatus, located in the forewing, is percussive, not stridulatory. At the end of the upward wingstroke, the wings are clapped and modified r-m(1-2) veins meet at a speed of approximately 1420 mm/s, producing the characteristic clicks. Wingbeat frequency of free-flying individuals is 20-29 Hz. There is some wing deformation during movement. Clicks last a mean of 1.38 ms with mean intervals of 43.74 ms and the component frequencies concentrate around 2.4 kHz, matching Hamadryas hearing capacity and being appropriate for the acoustic conditions of habitat. The swollen Sc vein is present exclusively in Hamadryas; has a serpentine structure inside and probably acts as resonance box. Growth of the sound apparatus may be checked by its effect on flight capacity, physiological costs and ecological reasons. All Hamadryas have a membrane, shaped as an elongated cupola, in the costal cell, that acts as ear. A second and smaller ear has four chambers and may detect predatory bats when the insects are perching at night. Field observations showed that Hamadryas spp emit audible clicks when approached by potential predators, to defend territories from other Hamadryas and in at least one species also during courtship. Severe wing damage, common in wild Hamadryas, almost never affects the section with the sound mechanism. A review of the literature shows that more than 50 species of lepidopterans (11 families) emit sound audible to humans and suggests that: sound mechanisms evolved several times. In general, lepidopteran sound is used basically as a warning to predators and for intraspecific communication.Keywords: Behavior, Behavior, Capacity, Characteristics, Communication, Concentrate, Costa Rica, Costs, Courtship, Crypsis, Damage, Defense, Deformation, Distribution, Emission, Experimental, Families, Field, Food, General, Grassland, Habitat, Humans, Industrial Melanism, Insects, Intervals, Lepidoptera, Literature, Male, Mating, Mechanism, Mechanisms, Membrane, Methods, Minimum, Models, Modified, Moth, Movement, Natural, Open, Panama, Pararge-Aegeria, Perch, Populations, Potential, Protective Coloration, Resident, Review, Season, Seasons, Size, Sound, Spatial Distribution, Species, Stridulation, Structure, Study Sites, Territoriality, Territories, Trees, Tropical, Wing Structure? Solorzano, A., Gomez, L.D., Monge-Nájera, J. and Crother, B.I. (1998), Redescription and validation of Bothriechis supraciliaris (Serpentes : Viperidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 46 (2), 453-462.Full Text: 1998\Rev Bio Tro46, 453.pdfAbstract: The populations of pitvipers from south western Costa Rica, have traditionally been identified as Bothriechis schlegelii (Berthold). However, in 1954 E. H. Taylor described one specimen from the area as a new subspecies, B. schlegelii supraciliaris. Werman returned supraciliaris to synonymy with schlegelii four decades later. However, morphometry and color pattern in a SW Costa Rica population (25 specimens) differ from those of specimens (N=57) from other parts of Costa Rica and from descriptions of South American specimens. Here the epithet Bothriechis schlegelii supraciliaris Taylor 1954, is reestablished as a valid taxon and elevated to specific rank as B. supraciliaris stat.nov. It is closely related to B. schlegelii from which it differs by its color patterns based on a uniform ground color with polymorphic dorsal designs, and its lower counts of ventral and caudal scales.Keywords: Bothriechis, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Morphometry, New Species, Pattern, Pitvipers, Pleistocene Refugia, Population, Populations, Rank, Scales, Serpentes, Taxonomy, Validation, Viperidae? Monge-Nájera, J. (1998), How will the 21st Century scientific journal be? Revista de Biologia Tropical, 46 (4), XIX-XXX.Full Text: 1998\Rev Bio Tro46, XIX.pdfKeywords: Journal? Hedstrom, I. and Monge-Nájera, J. (1998), Is sexually transmitted fungal infection evidence for size-related mating success in Neotropical guava fruit flies? Revista de Biologia Tropical, 46 (4), 1131-1134.Full Text: 1998\Rev Bio Tro46, 1131.pdfAbstract: The influence of wing length on mate preference was examined in natural populations of the Neotropical guava fruit fly, Anastrepha striata Schiner, at two locations in Costa Rica. Based on evidence that the fungi are transmitted during mating, site-specific infection by Laboulbeniales fungi on the body surface was used to assess mating history. At both sites, males and females that carried fungi on the legs and/or on the ventral part of the thorax (males), and on both sides of the notum and/or the dorsal base of the abdomen (females), had significantly longer wings than males and females without fungi. This suggests that individuals of both sexes with longer wings (i.e. larger individuals) enjoy higher mating success. Fungus infection is more frequent in the wet than in the seasonally dry forest, possibly because hosts are available year-round in the wet forest.Keywords: Anastrepha-Suspensa, Behavior, Ceratitis-Capitata Diptera, Costa Rica, Environments, Evidence, Female Choice, Forest, Fungi, Fungus, History, Infection, Length, Mate Choice, Natural, Populations, Preference, Propensity, Site Specific, Site-Specific, Surface, Tephritidae, Tephritidae? Monge-Nájera, J. (1999), The scientific journal that researchers want for the 21st century: The problems of language and scope. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 47 (1-2), U8.Full Text: 1999\Rev Bio Tro47, U8.pdfKeywords: Journal, Scope? Monge-Nájera, J. and Hou, X.G. (2000), Disparity, decimation and the Cambrian “explosion”: Comparison of early Cambrian and Present faunal communities with emphasis on velvet worms (Onychophora). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 48 (2-3), 333-351.Full Text: 2000\Rev Bio Tro48, 333.pdfAbstract: The controversy about a Cambrian “explosion” of morphological disparity (followed by decimation), cladogenesis and fossilization is of central importance for the history of life. This paper revisits the controversy (with emphasis in onychophorans, which include emblematic organisms such as Hallucigenia), presents new data about the Chengjiang (Cambrian of China) faunal community and compares it and the Burgess Shale (Cambrian of Canada) with an ecologically similar but modem tropical marine site where onychophorans are absent, and with a modern neotropical terrestrial onychophoran community. Biovolume was estimated from material collected in Costs Rica and morphometric measurements were made on enlarged images of fossils. Cambrian tropical mudflats were characterized by the adaptive radiation of two contrasting groups: the vagile arthropods and the sessile poriferans. Arthropods were later replaced as the dominant benthic taxon by polychaetes. Vagility and the exoskeleton may explain the success of arthropods from the Cambrian to the modern marine and terrestrial communities, both in population and biovolume. Food ecological displacement was apparent in the B. Shale, but nor in Chengjiang or the terrestrial community. When only hard pans were preserved, marine and terrestrial fossil deposits of tropical origin are even less representative than deposits produced by temperate taxa, Chengjiang being an exception. Nutrient limitations might explain why deposit feeding is less important in terrestrial onychophoran communities, where carnivory, scavenging and omnivory (associated with high motility and life over the substrate) became more important. Fossil morphometry supports the interpretation of “lobopod animals” as onychophorans, whose abundance in Chengjiang was equal to their abundance in modern communities. The extinction of marine onychophorans may reflect domination of the infaunal habitat by polychaetes. We conclude that (1) a mature ecological community structure was generalized during the Cambrian, and even biodiversity and equitability indices were surprisingly close to modem values: (2) the morphological diversity and geographic distribution of onychophorans indicate a significant pre-Cambrian evolutionary history which does not support the “explosion” hypothesis; (3) disparity among phyla was not as important as the explosion-decimation model predicts, but in the case of onychophorans, disparity within the phylum was greater than it is today and its reduction may have been associated with migration into the sediment when large predators evolved.Keywords: “Explosion”, Benthic, Biodiversity, Biogeography, British-Columbia, Burgess Shale, Burgess Shale, Cambrian, Canada, Chengjiang, Chengjiang Fauna, China, Community, Community Ecology, Community Structure, Comparison, Costa Rica, Data, Decimation, Disparity, Displacement, Distribution, Diversity, Epiperipatus, Evolution, Feeding, Fossil, Habitat, History, Indices, Life, Metazoa, Migration, Model, Morphometry, Motility, Onychophora, Origin, Phylogeny, Polychaetes, Population, Preservation, Radiation, Recent, Reduction, Reproductive Trends, Sediment, Site, Structure, Support, Temperate, Tropical, Yunnan? Swanson, H.F. and Monge-Nájera, J. (2000), The effects of methodological limitations in the study of butterfly behavior and demography: A daily study of Vanessa atalanta (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) for 22 years. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 48 (2-3), 605-613.Full Text: 2000\Rev Bio Tro48, 605.pdfAbstract: Normally, butterfly behavior and population size are studied intensively for brief periods or occasionally for long periods, not in detail for long periods, producing an incomplete view in both cases. How time limitation affects studies has been unknown for a long time. This paper analyses this problem based on an intensive long term study of Vanessa atalanta (L.) that covered nearly 8000 days, most of them consecutive, for 22 years (April 15, 1977-April 14, 1999), in a subtropical habitat near Orlando, Florida. There is no evidence that ethological studies are affected by their normally brief duration (one year or less), but the analysis of yearly values hid the associations of number of individuals and arrival time with climate. In small areas. isolated population counts lasting less than two weeks are not reliable, according to this study. We Found no difference in number of visitors For El Nino years. The daily number of visitors was inversely correlated with temperature and precipitation, but arrival time of the first visitor was positively correlated with both. The number of visitors reaches a peak near the end of Winter. The activity period span is greater than in more seasonal climates. Individuals were active even at 10 degrees C and with 9 m/s winds. Individuals with fresh wing condition were most common from January to June. There were 82 atypical cases of individuals arriving before 12:00 hr. Aerial interactions were seen whenever there was more than one individual in the site (i.e. 41 % of days. N=7634 total days). Only once in these 22 years was predation seen.Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Behavior, Climate, Daily Visitation Pattern, Demography, Duration, El, El Nino, Evidence, First, Florida, Habitat, Lepidoptera, Limitation, Long Term, Long Term Study, Long-Term, Methodology, Migration, Patterns, Phenology, Phenology, Population, Population Size, Precipitation, Seasonal, Site, Size, Small, Spatial-Distribution, Strategies, Temperature, Term, Weather, Wing Color? Monge-Nájera, J., Gonzalez, M.I., Rossi, M.R. and Mendez-Estrada, V.H. (2002), Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50 (1), 309-319.Full Text: 2002\Rev Bio Tro50, 309.pdfAbstract: We report lichen cover change over a 20 years period for the Costa Rican capitol city. Foliaceous lichen cover was measured with a 10 X 10 cm template positioned 1.5 m above ground on the south, east, north and west sides of ten phorophytic trees per station (11 stations) from 1976 through 1997. Results were compared with previous measurements along an urban transect (at three heights above ground) and in a rural station. Lichen cover was correlated with traffic density and varied between stations and years. Mean lichen cover was 23% in 1976, 12% in 1986, 9% in 1990 and 22% in 1997. Most stations suffered a large cover reduction after 1976 but improved after 1990, possibly reflecting improved traffic regulations and elimination of lead (Pb) from gasoline. Cover values by cardinal orientation were: west 17%, east 14%, north 13% and south 12%. Sidewalks of streets with more traffic had lower cover values. In the rural station, cover was lower than expected (possibly because of climate), and was not correlated with height above ground or cardinal orientation, in contrast with temperate regions. In polluted cities human activity should concentrate above the first floor of buildings (particularly in hospitals or schools) because pollution was found to concentrate in the first 2 m above ground.Keywords: Long Term Change, Bioindication, Lichens, Urban Air Pollution, Cities, Tropical Climate, SO2? Monge-Nájera, J., González, M.I., Rossi, M.R. and Méndez, V.H. (2002), A new method to assess air pollution using lichens as bioindicators. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50 (1), 321-325.Full Text: 2002\Rev Bio Tro50, 321.pdfAbstract: Lichens are increasingly used worldwide as air quality biomonitors because they are efficient, easy and cheap, but validation studies of the methodology are scarce. Three foliose lichen biomonitoring methods were compared by field tests (in the tropical urban habitat of San Jose, Costa Rica) and laboratory simulations: (1) the 100 uniform squares template traditionally used in North America, (2) the European 200 uniform points template and (3) a new computer-generated random points template (10 X 20 cm) in two versions: 100 points and 50 points. Repeated measurement by the same observer causes a variation of 2-14% and the templates’ error is 0.2-11%. We recommend the 100 random point template (applied to four sides of trunk) for ecological studies and the 50 random points template (applied to side with greatest lichen cover) for biomonitoring because it reduces time and costs by nearly 50% but still has acceptable reliability values.Keywords: Air, Air Pollution, Air Quality, Bioindication, Bioindicators, Biomonitoring, Biomonitors, Costa Rica, Costs, Epiphytic Lichen, Error, Field, Habitat, Lichens, Mar, Measurement, Methodology, Methods, North, Pollution, Quality, Reliability, Sensitivity, Template, Templates, Tropical, Urban, Validation? Monge-Nájera, J. and Hou, X.G. (2002), Disparity, decimation and the Cambrian “explosion”: Comparison of early Cambrian and Present faunal communities with emphasis on velvet worms (Onychophora) (Reprinted from Rev. Biol. Trop. vol 48, pg 333-351, 2000). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50 (2), 823-841.Full Text: 2002\Rev Bio Tro50, 823.pdfAbstract: The controversy about a Cambrian “explosion” of morphological disparity (followed by decimation), cladogenesis and fossilization is of central importance for the history of life. This paper revisits the controversy (with emphasis in onychophorans, which include emblematic organisms such as Hallucigenia), presents new data about the Chengjiang (Cambrian of China) faunal community and compares it and the Burgess Shale (Cambrian of Canada) with an ecologically similar but modern tropical marine site where onychophorans are absent, and with a modem neotropical terrestrial onychophoran community. Biovolume was estimated from material collected in Costa Rica and morphometric measurements were made on enlarged images of fossils. Cambrian tropical mudflats were characterized by the adaptive radiation of two contrasting groups: the vagile arthropods and the sessile poriferans. Arthropods were later replaced as the dominant benthic taxon by polychaetes. Vagility and the exoskeleton may explain the success of arthropods from the Cambrian to the modem marine and terrestrial communities, both in population and biovolume. Food ecological displacement was apparent in the B. Shale, but not in Chengjiang or the terrestrial community. When only hard parts were preserved, marine and terrestrial fossil deposits of tropical origin are even less representative than deposits produced by temperate taxa, Chengjiang being an exception. Nutrient limitations might explain why deposit feeding is less important in terrestrial onychophoran communities, where carnivory, scavenging and omnivory (associated with high motility and life over the substrate) became more important. Fossil morphometry supports the interpretation of “lobopod animals” as onychophorans, whose abundance in Chengjiang was equal to their abundance in modern communities. The extinction of marine onychophorans may reflect domination of the in-faunal habitat by polychaetes. We conclude that (1) a mature ecological community structure was generalized during the Cambrian, and even biodiversity and equitability indices were surprisingly close to modem values; (2) the morphological diversity and geographic distribution of onychophorans indicate a significant pre-Cambrian evolutionary history which does not support the “explosion” hypothesis; (3) disparity among phyla was not as important as the explosion-decimation model predicts, but in the case of onychophorans, disparity within the phylum was:greater than it is today and its reduction may have been associated with migration into the sediment when large, predators evolved.Keywords: “Explosion”, Benthic, Biodiversity, Biogeography, British-Columbia, Burgess Shale, Burgess Shale, Cambrian, Canada, Chengjiang, Chengjiang Fauna, China, Community, Community Ecology, Community Structure, Comparison, Costa Rica, Data, Decimation, Disparity, Displacement, Distribution, Diversity, Epiperipatus, Evolution, Feeding, Fossil, Habitat, History, Indices, Life, Metazoa, Migration, Model, Morphometry, Motility, Onychophora, Origin, Phylogeny, Polychaetes, Population, Preservation, Radiation, Recent, Reduction, Reproductive Trends, Sediment, Site, Structure, Support, Temperate, Tropical, Yunnan? Monge-Nájera, J. (2002), How to be a tropical scientist. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50 (3-4), XIX-XXIII.Full Text: 2002\Rev Bio Tro50, XIX.pdfKeywords: TropicalLomonte, B. and Ainsworth, S. (2002), Scientific publications from Costa Rica in the Science Citation Index: Bibliometric analysis during 1999-2001. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50 (3-4), 951-962.Full Text: 2002\Rev Bio Tro50, 951.pdfAbstract: This study analyzed the publications of authors from Costa Rican institutions that were included in the Science Citation Index (SCI) during 1999-2001. Out of the 722 references detected, distributed in 328 journals, 90.7% corresponded to original research articles. The total productivity figures showed a moderately increasing trend, both in absolute and population-adjusted terms, in concordance with previous data recorded for the period 1980-1998. The contribution of Revista de Biologia Tropical to these figures corresponded to 10.0%, 8.9%, and 19.1%, for the years 1999, 2000, and 200 1, respectively, The subject distribution of articles followed a similar pattern to that described for 1980-1998, with a predominance of biomedical (33.3%) and biological (27.5%) sciences, followed by agronomical (15.5%) sciences, chemistry (13.6%), physics (5.0%), geological sciences (3.6%), and mathematics (1.5%). Citation analyses for individual publications (up to July 15, 2002) revealed that only 45.2% of the articles had been cited at least once. The ten most cited references were analyzed, varying from 26 to 114 citations. The average citation per article was 2.60, and the average number of authors per article was 2.92. In agreement with data from 1980-1998, the University of Costa Rica appeared as the institution with highest productivity of SCI publications during 1999-2001, with a contribution of 50.0%. The percentage of publications performed without the participation of foreign co-authors; showed a change in its decreasing trend of 1980-1998, stabilizing near the range of 25-30% during the period 1999-2001.Keywords: Bibliometry, Costa Rica, Publications, Sciences? Monge-Nájera, J. and Hou, X.U. (2002), Experimental taphonomy of velvet worms (Onychophora) and implications for the Cambrian “explosion, disparity and decimation” model. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50 (3-4), 1133-1138.Full Text: 2002\Rev Bio Tro50, 1133.pdfAbstract: Experimental preservation of velvet worms (phylum Onychophora), a very rare but evolutionarily important group that has existed for more than 500 million years, showed that the absence of bucal parts, adhesive-expelling organs, gonopore, eyes, legs, claws, annulation and papillation in fossils may not represent absence in the living animals. In fossils, leg thickness and claw orientation can be unreliable. The experiments indicate that not only absence, but even presence of certain structures can simply be the result of tissue decomposition. Computer-aided photorealistic reconstructions of fossil onychophorans are presented. We recommend future researchers to conduct taphonomy experiments specially before analysing unusual fossils.Keywords: Animals, Biogeography, Burgess Shale, Cambrian, Chengjiang Fauna, China, Decomposition, Disparity, Emphasis, Epiperipatus, Evolution, Evolutionary Explosion, Experiments, Fossil, Living, Model, Onychophora, Peripatidae, Photorealistic Reconstruction, Preservation, Reproductive Trends, Taphonomy? Monge-Nájera, J. (2003), Untitled. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51 (S3), XVII.Full Text: 2003\Rev Bio Tro51, XVII.pdf? Monge-Nájera, J. (2003), Introduction: overview of molluscan natural history. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51 (S3), 1-3.Full Text: 2003\Rev Bio Tro51, 1.pdfAbstract: The natural history of molluscs is reviewed with emphasis on recent developments and the proper use of Spanish words in malacological translation. Mesoamerican examples are used to illustrate the general trends of molluscan biology.Keywords: Biology, Correct Spanish Translation of English and Latin Malacological Terms, Costa-Rica, Costaricensis, General, History, Host, Mesoamerica, Molluscs, Natural, Natural History, Translation, Trends? Monge-Nájera, J. (2003), This chapter overviews the basic techniques for statistical analysis, molecular study. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51 (S3), 5-12.Full Text: 2003\Rev Bio Tro51, 5.pdfAbstract: This chapter overviews the basic techniques for statistical analysis, molecular study, photography and illustration in malacological research. A guide of how to select the appropriate statistical tests, with malacological examples, as well as digital photography, are included together with selected references.Keywords: Analysis, Digital Photography, Malacological Research, References, Research, Statistical Analysis, Techniques? Monge-Nájera, J., Benavides-Varela, C. and Morera, B. (2003), A name for Biologia Tropical. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51 (3-4), 619-620.Full Text: 2003\Rev Bio Tro51, 619.pdf? Monge-Nájera, J., Benavides-Varela, C. and Morera, B. (2004), The end of printed reprints. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 52 (1), XXI-XXIIIFull Text: 2004\Rev Bio Tro52, XXI.pdfKeywords: MAR? Monge-Nájera, J., avides-Varela, C. and Morera, B. (2004), Which are the most influential journals, books and scientists in Latin American biology? Revista de Biologia Tropical, 52 (1), 1-17.Full Text: 2004\Rev Bio Tro52, 1.pdfAbstract: A survey was distributed by email to 553 biologists who study the Neotropics, in order to identify the journals, books and researchers with the greatest influence over Latin American biology. The biologists’ database of the Revista de Biologia Tropical was used to obtain their addresses. One third of them answered. The Revista de Biologia Tropical is considered the most influential journal in the region. The majority of other influential journals are published in developed countries. The thematic distribution of answers, as well as independent assessments found in the literature, indicate that these and other survey results are not biased by the use of the journal’s database. By subject, marine and ecological journals are the most influential. In contrast with American science, there are no researchers or books that clearly dominate the field. These results hint to the subjectivity of many awards and qualifications and possibly reflect a lack of tradition regarding appearance of local scientists in the mass media, the small capacity of world wide diffusion for local research and the low priority of science in the Iberoamerican culture. Latin American journals should improve, specially through efficient communication with authors, stringent rejection of inferior manuscripts and through widespread and timely distribution. The marked dominance by male researchers may reflect the lower number of women in the field, and social inequality. Despite the absence of “superstars”, there was a correlation: most scientists in the “list of outstanding researchers” were from large countries. The publication of the most influential journal in one of the smallest countries of the region might reflect the relatively long period of existence of the Revista (half a century), the lack of other alternatives in the region and the journal’s inclusion in international indices. Recommendations for Latin American science include a selection of the best journals to receive financial support and the establishment, with help from the mass media, of a group of selected researchers as role models for the new generations.Keywords: Alternatives, Assessments, Authors, Biology, Capacity, Communication, Correlation, Culture, Database, Diffusion, Distributed, Distribution, Field, Financial Support, Indices, Inequality, Influential Books, International, Journal, Journals, Latin American Science, Literature, Local, Main Journals, Male, Mar, Media, Models, Outstanding Researchers, Publication, Region, Rejection, Research, Role, Science, Sexual Inequality, Small, Social, Social Inequality, Support, Survey, Women, World? Monge-Nájera, J. (2004), Genetics and biotechnology in Costa Rica - Introduction. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 52 (3), XIII-XXIVFull Text: 2004\Rev Bio Tro52, XIII.pdfKeywords: Biotechnology, Costa Rica? Monge-Nájera, J. and Nielsen, V. (2005), The countries and languages that dominate biological research at the beginning of the 21st century. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (1-2), 283-294.Full Text: 2005\Rev Bio Tro53, 283.pdfAbstract: Traditionally, studies of scientific productivity are biased in two ways: they are based on Current Contents, an index centered in British and American journals, and they seldom correct for population size, ignoring the relative effort that each society places in research. We studied national productivity for biology using a more representative index, the Biological Abstracts, and analyzed both total and relative productivity. English dominates biological publications with 87% (no other individual language reaches 2%). If the USA is considered a region by itself, it occupies the First place in per capita production of biology papers, with at least twice the productivity of either Asia or Europe. Canada, Oceania and Latin America occupy an intermediate position, The global output of scientific papers is dominated by Europe, USA, Japan, Canada, China and India. When corrected for population size, the countries with the greatest productivity of biology papers are the Nordic nations, Israel, Switzerland, Netherlands, Australia, Saint Lucia and Montserrat. The predominance of English as the language of biological research found in this study shows a continuation of the trend initiated around the year 1900. The large relative productivity of the USA reflects the importance that American society gives to science as the basis for technological and economic development, but the USA’s share of total scientific output has decreased from 44% in 1983 to 34% in 2002, while there is a greater growth of science in India, Japan and Latin America, among others. The increasing share obtained by China and India may reflect a recent change in attitude towards funding science. The leadership of Nordic nations, Israel, Switzerland, Netherlands and Australia can be explained by cultural attitude. Apparently, a positive trend is emerging in Latin America, where Chile improved its ranking in per capita productivity but Argentina, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Brazil and Cuba fell. Nevertheless, the most productive countries in total number of papers are Brazil, Mexico and Argentina: large countries with a long tradition of funding scientific research.Keywords: Argentina, Asia, Attitude, Australia, Biological, Biology, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cultural, Development, Economic, Economic Development, Europe, Funding, Growth, Index, India, Israel, Japan, Journals, Languages, Latin America, Leadership, Mexico, Nations, Papers, Population, Productivity, Publications, Ranking, Research, Science, Scientific Output, Scientific Productivity, Scientific Research, Size, Society, Switzerland, Trend, Uruguay, USA? Monge-Nájera, J. (2006), Alvaro Wille Trejos - May 17, 1928-June 11, 2006. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 54 (4), IX-XIIIFull Text: 2006\Rev Bio Tro54, IX.pdf? Monge-Nájera, J. and Anchia, S.M. (2008), Correct use of Spanish when writing biological papers. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (4), 1589-1593.Full Text: 2008\Rev Bio Tro56, 1589.pdfAbstract: Correct use of Spanish when writing biological papers. We present a list of the most frequent errors in biological manuscripts written in Spanish, and we explain which are the recommended options. Our article is based on the International Codes of Nomenclature, and the guidelines of the Real Academia de la Lengua and the Council of Science Editors. We group the indications in four categories: lexical errors (e.g. English cognates); spelling (graphic accents, punctuation, font), morphology (use of prepositions) and style (linguistic economy). Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (4): 1589-1593. Epub 2008 December 12.Keywords: Bad Translations, Biological, Biology, Correct Use of the Spanish Language, Economy, Errors, Guidelines, Indications, Morphology, Options, Papers, Science, Technical Writing, Writing in Spanish? Ramírez-Benavides, W., Monge-Nájera, J. and Chavarría, J.B. (2009), Sex ratio in two species of Pegoscapus wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) that develop in figs: Can wasps do mathematics, or play sex ratio games? Revista de Biologia Tropical, 57 (3), 605-621.Full Text: 2009\Rev Bio Tro57, 605.pdfAbstract: The fig pollinating wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) have obligate arrhenotoky and a breeding structure that fits local mate competition (LMC). It has been traditionally assumed that LMC organisms adjust the sex ratio by laying a greater proportion of male eggs when there is superparasitism (several foundresses in a host). We tested the assumption with two wasp species, Pegoscapus silvestrii, pollinator of Ficus pertusa and Pegoscapus tonduzi, pollinator of Ficus eximia (= F. citrifolia), in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Total number of wasps and seeds were recorded in individual isolated naturally colonized syconia. There was a constant additive effect between the number of foundresses and the number of males produced in the brood of a syconium, while the number of females decreased. Both wasp species seem to have precise sex ratios and probably lay the male eggs first in the sequence, independently of superparasitism and clutch size: consequently, they have a non-random sex allocation. Each syconium of Ficus pertusa and of F eximia colonized by one foundress had similar mean numbers of females’ males, and seeds. The two species of wasps studied do not seem to adjust the sex ratio when there is superparasitism. Pollinating fig wasp behavior is better explained by those models not assuming that females do mathematical calculations according to other females’ sex ratios, size, number of foundresses, genetic constitution, clutch size or environmental conditions inside the syconium. Our results are in agreement with the constant male number hypothesis, not with sex ratio games. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (3): 605-621. Epub 2009 September 30.Keywords: Allocation, Behavior, Clutch Size, Comparative Biology, Competition, Costa Rica, Environmental, Evolution, Fig Pollinators, First, Genetic, Host, Local, Local Mate Competition, Local Mate Competition, Male, Models, Nasonia-Vitripennis, Natural-Population, Parasitic Wasp, Pegoscapus, Pollinating Wasps, Sex, Sex Ratio Adjustment, Size, Species, Structure, Trichogramma-Evanescens, Variable Fecundity? Michán, L. and Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2010), Bibliometry of biological systematics in Latin America during the twentieth century in three global databases. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 58 (2), 531-545.Full Text: 2010\Rev Bio Tro58, 531.pdfAbstract: Bibliometry of biological systematics in Latin America during the twentieth century in three global databases. We present a review of the biological systematic research in Latin America during the twentieth century, applying a bibliometric analysis to the information contained in international databases with the largest number of biological records: Biosis (since 1969), CAB (since 1910) and Science Citation Index (since 1900), to recognize certain patterns and trends regarding the document production. We obtained 19 079 documents and 1 387 journals for Biosis, 14326 and 2537 for CAB, 3257 and 1636 for SCI. Of the documents, 54.6% related to new species, 15.3% dealt with morphology, 14.9% keys, 12.5% descriptions, 10.6% cases of synonymies, 6% new genera, 4.9% new geographical. records, 23.6% geographical distribution, 4.2% redescriptions, and 3.6% with new nomenclatural combinations. The regions mentioned were South America with 11.9%, Central America with 4% and America (all) with 2.56%. Nineteen Latin American countries appear, whereas outside this region we found the United States of America with 12.6% of representation and Canada with 3%. Animals (65.6%) were the most studied taxa, which was 1.7 times higher than what was published for plants (37%), 11 times higher than fungi (6%) and nearly 30 times higher than microorganisms (2.3%). Out of the 155 journals that produced 66% of the papers, 76.5% were better represented in Biosis, 21.4% in CAB and 2% in SCI. Twenty-nine journals published 33% of the articles, the maximum number of records obtained was 69% for Biosis, CAB 24% and 6.9% for SCI, three (10.3%) are in biology, 11(37.9%) in botany, 13 (44.8%) zoology, and two (6.9%) paleontology; eight of these journals (27.5%) were published in Latin America and twenty were indexed in the Science Citation Index. In the last two years more journals of the region that publish on taxonomy have been indexed, but their impact factor is still low. However, the impact factor of a number of Latin American journals that published biodiversity increased with time. Countries that are more interested in studying the Latin American biota from the taxonomic point of view are Brazil, the United States, Argentina and Mexico. The most active institutions in this discipline were the Universidade de Sao Paulo, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, and the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; together they produced 24% of the documents. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58(2): 531-545. Epub 2010 June 02.Keywords: Argentina, Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometry, Biodiversity, Biological, Biology, Biosis, Brazil, CAB, Canada, Citation, Conservation, Databases, Distribution, Fungi, Global, Impact, Impact Factor, International, Issue, Journals, Jun, Latin America, Mexico, Morphology, Production, Research, Review, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, South America, Species, Taxonomy, Trends, United States? Monge-Nájera, J. (2010), The international year of biodiversity and tropical biology. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 58 (4), XVI.Full Text: 2010\Rev Bio Tro58, XVI.pdf? Monge-Nájera, J. (2010), The Tropical Biology Award 2010 has been awarded to zoologist DIOMEDES QUINTERO ARIAS. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 58 (4), XVII-XVIII.Full Text: 2010\Rev Bio Tro58, XVII.pdf? Monge-Nájera, J., Nielsen-Munoz, V. and Azofeifa, A.B. (2010), Determinants of scientific output: An in-depth view of the productivity of tropical botanist and conservationist, Luis Diego Gomez Pignataro. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 58 (4), 1093-1114.Full Text: 2010\Rev Bio Tro58, 1093.pdfAbstract: Bibliometric studies have found that male researchers have their greatest productivity around the age of 40, that female researchers produce less than their male colleagues, that incentives for collaboration are slow to affect productivity and that, just like humans, research institutes become larger, less productive, more expensive to maintain and less able to raise money as they grow old. Almost invariably, these conclusions come from statistical studies of large numbers of European and American scientists, and there are practically no studies about tropical researchers. We present an in-depth analysis of the productivity of an internationally recognized tropical botanist and conservationist, Luis Diego Gomez Pignataro, based on the totality of his published work and on our own knowledge, as co-workers and friends, of the life frame in which that scientific output was produced. His life output departs from the expected pattern in that he had the highest productivity before reaching the expected peak productivity age, and that when he reached it his productivity fell and never recovered. Furthermore, marriage did not produce the expected fall in productivity. A close analysis of his life indicates that in the middle of his career he switched to intense teaching and conservation activities, and this better explains why his output of scientific research articles was low afterwards. This switch may occur in other tropical scientists. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (4): 1093-1114. Epub 2010 December 01.Keywords: Age, Analysis, Anatomy, Balanophoraceae, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Bibliometry, Central-American Fern, Collaboration, Conservation, Conservation and Science, Constituents, Costa-Rican Ferns, Differences Among Tropical and Temperate Scientists, Exudate, Female, Flavonoids, Humans, Incentives, Knowledge, Life, Male, Pattern, Pleuroderris, Productivity, Research, Science In “Developing Countries”, Scientific Output, Scientific Research, Statistical Studies, Teaching, Tropical, Vegetative Body, Work? Morera-Brenes, B. and Monge-Nájera, J. (2010), A new giant species of placented worm and the mechanism by which onychophorans weave their nets (Onychophora: Peripatidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 58 (4), 1127-1142.Full Text: 2010\Rev Bio Tro58, 1127.pdfAbstract: Onychophorans, or velvet worms, are poorly known and rare animals. Here we report the discovery of a new species that is also the largest onychophoran found so far, a 22cm long female from the Caribbean coastal forest of Costa Rica. Specimens were examined with Scanning Electron Microscopy; Peripatus solorzanoi sp. nov., is diagnosed as follows: primary papillae convex and conical with rounded bases, with more than 18 scale ranks. Apical section large, spherical, with a basal diameter of at least 20 ranks. Apical piece with 6-7 scale ranks. Outer blade I principal tooth, I accessory tooth. 1 vestigial accessory tooth (formula: 1/1/1); inner blade 1 principal tooth, 1 accessory tooth, 1 rudimentary accessory tooth, 9 to 10 denticles (formula: 1/1/1/9-10). Accessory tooth blunt in both blades. Four pads in the fourth and fifth oncopods; 4th. pad arched. The previously unknown mechanism by which onychophorans weave their adhesive is simple: muscular action produces a swinging movement of the adhesive-spelling organs; as a result, the streams cross in mid air, weaving the net. Like all onychophorans, P. solorzanoi is a rare species: active protection of the habitat of the largest onychophoran ever described, is considered urgent. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58(4): 1127-1142. Epub 2010 December 01.Keywords: Air, Animals, Behavior, Biogeography, Coastal, Costa Rica, Costa-Rica Onychophora, Discovery, Epiperipatus, Female, Forest, Fossil And Extant Velvet Worms, Genome, Habitat, Largest Onychophoran, Mechanism, Movement, N-Sp, Net Weaving Mechanism, New Species, Oxidase Subunit-I, P, Peripatidae, Peripatus, Primary, Protection, Rare Species, Reproductive Trends, Scale, Sequences, Species, Streams, Support, Taxonomy? Monge-Nájera, J. and Perez-Gomez, G. (2010), Urban vegetation change after a hundred years in a tropical city (San Jose de Costa Rica). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 58 (4), 1367-1386.Full Text: 2010\Rev Bio Tro58, 1367.pdfAbstract: Urban vegetation is of key importance because a large proportion of the human population lives in cities. Nevertheless, urban vegetation is understudied outside central Europe and particularly, little is known about the flora of tropical Asian, African and Latin American cities. We present an estimate of how the vegetation has changed in the city of San Jose, Costa Rica, after about one century. with the repeat photography technique (based on a collection of 19(th) and early 20(th) century photographs by Jose Fidel Tristan and others) and with data from the Costa Rican National Herbarium. We found little vegetation change in the landscape of San Jose during the 20th century, where a total of 95 families and 458 species were collected in the late 19th and early 20th century. The families with most species were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae. Cyperaceae, Acanthaceae, Malvaceae, Piperaceae and Verbenaceae. Similar results have been found in Europe, where the number of plant species often is stable for long periods even when the individual species vary. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58(4): 1367-1386. Epub 2010 December 01.Keywords: Air-Pollution, Asian, Biodiversity, Central Europe, Cities, City Landscape, Collection, Communities, Costa Rica, Data, Ecology, Effects of Urbanization, Europe, Families, Flora, Green Spaces, Human, Landscape, Metropolitan-Area, Patterns, Photographic Comparison, Plant, Population, Richness, Species, Species List, Tropical, Urban, Urban Flora, Urbanization, VegetationTitle: Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do SoloFull Journal Title: Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do SoloISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Barretto, A.G.D.P., Barros, M.G.E. and Sparovek, G. (2008), Bibliometrics, history and geography of Brazilian research on accelerated soil erosion. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 32 (6), 2443-2460.Full Text: 2008\Rev Bra Cie Sol32, 2443.pdfAbstract: Soil science history studies are rare and the Brazilian scientific community has not given substantial attention to this subject yet. The present study focused on the formation of research on accelerated soil erosion in the Brazil from a bibliometric perspective. A comprehensive database of published scientific papers was organized in a relational database and analyzed by SQL queries and GIS tools. These data were used to calculate quantitative indicators and spatial distribution patterns. Results indicate a recent development of research on accelerated soil erosion in Brazil by few institutions and authors in the South and Southeast regions. Moreover, a thematic analysis indicated the agricultural perspective as the main focus of erosion studies, with a great emphasis on the USLE prediction model.Keywords: Agricultural, Analysis, Attention, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Brazilian, Ceara State, Community, Data, Database, Development, Distribution, Erodibility, Erosion, GIS, History, Indicators, Institutions, Model, Northeastern Brazil, Organic-Carbon Losses, Papers, Prediction, Prediction Model, Rainfall Erosivity, Regions, Relational Database, Research, Runoff, Science, Simulated Rainfall, Soil, Soil Erosion, Spatial Distribution, Surface, Tillage Methods, USLE, Water Erosion, Water-Erosion? Barretto, A.G.D.P., Lino, J.S. and Sparovek, G. (2009), Bibliometrics in Brazilian research on accelerated soil erosion: Institutions, topics, space and chronology. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 33 (6), 1845-1854.Full Text: Rev Bra Cie Sol33, 1845.pdfAbstract: Despite the increasing number and diversity of publications related to soil erosion in Brazil and throughout the world, the central questions of this science remain unanswered. The possible reasons for this imbalance highlight the need to reconsider the role of research on soil erosion. Bibliometric studies can provide ample view of the research field, describing perspectives, but research using this approach is scarce in international as well as in Brazilian literature. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial, temporal, institutional and topical distribution of Brazilian research on accelerated soil erosion based on the organization of articles according to thematic lines and to discuss the depth of the approach to the fundamental issues of erosion in order to establish a bibliometric perspective. For this purpose, 225 articles of Brazilian institutions focused on soil erosion were scanned, registered in a database and classified into five thematic lines. Besides, multi-temporal maps were drawn using GIS tools. Brazilian research on erosion is recent and is characterized by: (a) concentration in few institutions in the southern and southeastern Brazil, (b) focused on two issues, related to the Universal Soil Loss Equation and comparisons of agricultural managements as related to soil loss, with a considerable influence of the consolidation level of the research centers, which have developed research on accelerated soil erosion along these two lines.Keywords: Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Database, GIS, History, Publications, Reflections, Research, Science, Water ErosionTitle: Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia CardiovascularFull Journal Title: Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia CardiovascularISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Ruiz, M.A., Greco, O.T. and Braile, D.M. (2009), Journal impact factor: This editorial, academic and scientific influence. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, 24 (3), 273-278.Full Text: 2009\Rev Bra Cir Car24, 273.pdfAbstract: In this report the authors present information on the bibliometric instruments and their importance in measuring the quality of scientific journals and researchers. They in particular the history and deployment of the impact factor of the existing Institute for Scientific Information since 1955. Are presented and discussed the criticism regarding the inadequacy of the impact factor for evaluation of scientific production, misuse and strategies editorial handling of the bibliometric index. It is presented to the new classification CAPES for the journals, based on various criteria and the impact factor and its influence on national scientific and academic life. The authors conclude that, despite all obstacles and discussions, the impact factor of the Institute for Scientific Information is still an useful tool and the only isolation available to assess the scientific and intellectual productivity.Keywords: Bibliometrics Indicators, Citation Index, Health, Impact Factor, Issue, Medical Journals, Quality, Science, Trends? Hijazi, E.M. (2010), Is it time to adopt beating-heart coronary artery bypass grafting? A review of literature. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, 25 (3), 393-402.Full Text: 2010\Rev Bra Cir Car25, 393.pdfAbstract: Avoiding the morbidity of cardiopulmonary bypass should theoretically reduce the incidence of organ dysfunction and lead to improved patient outcomes. Recently, cardiac mechanical stabilization techniques were developed, facilitating on-pump CABG (OPCAB). The use of CPB may influence the economic outcome, while maintaining quality of care and patient satisfaction. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Science Citation Index (SCI), Current Contents, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NEED), and International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) databases were searched from the date of their inception to the end of March 2008, using the search terms off-pump, minimally invasive, beating heart, coronary artery bypass, and their variants. Off-pump revascularization offers a safe, cost-effective alternative to conventional coronary revascularization with cardiopulmonary bypass (CABG) and cardioplegic arrest.Keywords: Acute-Renal-Failure, Assessment, Atrial-Fibrillation, Brazil, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiac-Surgery, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Citation, Coronary Artery Bypass, Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump, Databases, Embase, Extracorporeal Circulation, Grafting, Lead, Literature, Medline, Myocardial Revascularization, Myocardial Revascularization, Off-Pump Techniques, On-Pump, Patient, Pulmonary-Disease, Randomized-Trial, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Transfusion RequirementsTitle: Revista Brasileira de EntomologiaFull Journal Title: Revista Brasileira de EntomologiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0085-5626Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Pujol-Luz, J.R., Arantes, L.C. and Constantino, R. (2008), One hundred years of forensic entomology in Brazil (1908-2008). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 52 (4), 485-492.Full Text: 2008\Rev Bra Ent52, 485.pdfAbstract: The history of the development of forensic entomology in Brazil, its current status and perspectives arc reviewed. Those studies in Brazil began in 1908 with the pioneer works conducted by Roquette-Pinto and Oscar Freire, who noted the high diversity of the native Fauna of necrophagous insects and the impossibility of direct application of the methods developed in Europe. In the last two decades, forensic entomology advanced rapidly in Brazil, but there still arc some important limitations, especially in relation to the taxonomy, biology and ecology of necrophagous insects and the lack of interaction between researchers and police investigators. Today there are in Brazil over 20 researchers involved with forensic entomology and tens of police investigators with some training in this field. Guidelines for the development of this field of investigation in Brazil are also presented.Keywords: Forensic Taphonomy, History, Necrophagous Insects, Insects, Diptera, Carrion, State? Morrone, J.J. and Guerrero, J.C. (2008), General trends in world biogeographic literature: A preliminary bibliometric analysis. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 52 (4), 493-499.Full Text: 2008\Rev Bra Ent52, 493.pdfAbstract: General trends in world biogeographic literature: A preliminary bibliometric analysis. Records with the search string biogeograph* were collected from the Science Citation Index (SCI). A total of 3456 records were downloaded for the 1945-2006 period from titles of articles and reviews, and 10,543 records were downloaded for 1991-2006, taking into consideration also abstracts and keywords. Temporal trends of publications, geographical and institutional distribution of the research output, authorship, and core journals were evaluated. There were as many as 122 countries carrying out biogeographic research; in the most recent period. USA is the top producing country, followed by the United Kingdom, Australia. France, Germany, Spain, and Canada. There were 17,493 authors contributing to the field. During 1991-2006 there were 4098 organizations with authors involved in biogeographic research; institutions with higher number of papers are the Natural History Museum (United Kingdom). the University of California, Berkeley (USA), the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (France). the Universidad Nacional Autonoma do Mexico (Mexico). the American Museum of Natural History (USA) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia). Research articles are spread over a variety of journals. with the Journal of Biogeography, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Molecular Ecology, and Biological Journal of the Linnean Society being the core journals. From 28,759 keywords retrieved those with the highest frequency were evolution. phylogeny. diversity. mitochondrial DNA, pattern(s), systematics, and population(s). We conclude that publications on biogeography have increased substantially during the last),cars, especially since 1998. The preferred journal for biogeographic papers is the Journal of Biogeography. Most frequent keywords seem to indicate that biogeography fits well within both evolutionary biology and ecology, with molecular biology and phylogenetics being important factors that drive their current development.Keywords: American, Analysis, Australia, Authors, Authorship, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biogeography, Biology, California, Canada, Citation, Country, Development, Distribution, Diversity, DNA, Drive, Ecology, Evolution, Field, France, Germany, Institutions, Journal, Journals, Literature, Mexico, Mitochondrial DNA, Molecular, Molecular Biology, Papers, Publications, Records, Research, Reviews, Russia, Russian, SCI, Science Citation Index, Spain, Trends, United Kingdom, USA, WorldTitle: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia-Brazilian Journal of PharmacognosyFull Journal Title: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia-Brazilian Journal of PharmacognosyISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? de Melo, J.G., Santos, A.G., de Amorim, E.L.C., do Nascimento, S.C. and de Albuquerque, U.P. (2011), Phytochemical and pharmacological notes of plants indicated to treat tumors in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia-Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 21 (4), 744-753.Full Text: 2011\Bra J Pha21, 744.pdfAbstract: The plants used in traditional medicine have been considered an important source of molecules with pharmacological activity, including antitumor. The aim of this study was to present a pharmacological description and the phytochemical components related to antitumor activity of thirty plants commonly cited in Brazil to treat tumors as well as offering an overview of approaches that are necessary for the development of herbal medicines from these resources. In the search for studies with these plants, five database were used (SciELO, Scirus, Scopus, Biological Abstracts and Web of Science), with the following keywords: tumor and Species and cancer. We consider all the scientific synonyms of species available in the Tropicos (R) database (). We surveyed papers from the period between 1980 and 2008. Twnety one species (70%) have at least one evaluation of a class of molecule or metabolite isolated against a pharmacological model. Most species (60%) has in vivo studies. of the thirty plant species, two stood out for having pharmacological studies in vitro, in vivo and clinical with positive results: Chelidonium majus L., Papaveraceae, and Aloe arborescens Mill., Xanthorrhoeaceae. Although there is generally a good activity of species presented here, there is a need for further studies in order to evaluate the possibility of developing some byproduct.Keywords: Brazil, Cancer, Capsaicin-Induced Apoptosis, Cell-Cycle Arrest, Chelidonium-Majus l., Development, Ethnopharmacology, Evaluation, Factor-Kappa-B, In Vivo, In-Vitro, Medicinal Plants, Medicine, Mitochondrial Death Pathway, Model, Overview, Pancreatic-Cancer Cells, Papers, Plant, Plants, Prostate Carcinoma-Cells, Scielo, Science, Scopus, Solanum-Nigrum l., Solid Ehrlich Tumor, Traditional, Web of ScienceTitle: Revista Brasileira de FisioterapiaFull Journal Title: Revista Brasileira de FisioterapiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Coury, H.J.C.G., Moreira, R.F.C. and Dias, N.B. (2009), Evaluation of the effectiveness of workplace exercise in controlling neck, shoulder and low back pain: A systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, 13 (6), 461-479.Abstract: Background: Musculoskeletal disorders have been recognized as a worldwide health problem. One of the measures for controlling these disorders is workplace exercise, either at the workstation or in a separate environment within the company. However, there is controversy regarding the effectiveness and means of applying these interventions. Objectives: To assess and provide evidence of the effectiveness of workplace exercise in controlling musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The following databases were searched: PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PEDro and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers selected the elegible studies. Possible disagreements were solved by consensus. All randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated exercise interventions in the workplace musculoskeletal pain relief were included. The PEDro scale (range=0-10 points) was used to rate the quality of the studies included in this review. Results and Conclusions: The electronic search yielded a total of 8680 references published in English. At the end of the selection process, 18 studies were included. Strong evidence was found to support the effectiveness of physical exercise in controlling neck pain among workers who performed sedentary tasks in offices or administrative environments, while moderate evidence was found for low back pain relief among healthcare and industrial workers who performed heavy physical tasks. These positive results were reported when the training periods were longer than 10 weeks, the exercises were performed against some type of resistance and the sessions were supervised. None of the studies evaluating sedentary workers reported positive results for controlling musculoskeletal shoulder pain. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to comparatively evaluate, among other aspects, the effects of light and heavy training for shoulder pain relief.Keywords: Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Controlled Clinical Trials, Controlled Clinical-Trials, Controlled Intervention Trial, Databases, Effectiveness, Environment, Ergonomics, Evaluation, Exercise, Health, Interventions, Medline, Methods, Musculoskeletal Symptoms, Office Workers, Pain, Physical-Activity Programs, Points, Prevention, Pubmed, Quality Assessment, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Resistance, Review, Science, Secondary Prevention, Systematic, Systematic Review, Training, Trapezius Muscle, Web of Science, Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder, Workplace? Carvalho, C.R.F., Paisani, D.M. and Lunardi, A.C. (2011), Incentive spirometry in major surgeries: A systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, 15 (5), 343-350.Full Text: 2011\Rev Bra Fis15, 343.pdfAbstract: Objective: To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the evidence of the use of incentive spirometry (IS) for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and for the recovery of pulmonary function in patients undergoing abdominal, cardiac and thoracic surgeries. Methods: Searches were performed in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PEDro and Scopus to select randomized controlled trials in which IS was used in the pre- and/or post-operative period in order to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications and/or recover lung function after abdominal, cardiac and thoracic surgery. Two reviewers independently assessed all studies. In addition, the study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Thirty studies were included (14 abdominal, 13 cardiac and 3 thoracic surgery; n= 3,370 patients). In the analysis of the methodological quality, studies achieved a PEDro average score of 5.6, 4.7 and 4.8 points in abdominal, cardiac and thoracic surgeries, respectively. Five studies (3 abdominal, 1 cardiac and 1 thoracic surgery) compared the effect of the IS with a control group (no intervention) and no difference was detected in the evaluated outcomes. Conclusion: There was no evidence to support the use of incentive spirometry in the management of surgical patients. Despite this, the use of incentive spirometry remains widely used without standardization in clinical practice.Keywords: Analysis, Artery-Bypass-Surgery, Breathing Exercise, Cardiac-Surgery, Complications, Conservative Therapy, Control, Databases, Deep-Breathing Exercises, Incentive Spirometry, Intervention, Management, Medline, Methods, Outcomes, Patients, Physical Therapy, Points, Positive Airway Pressure, Postoperative Care, Postoperative Complication, Postoperative Pulmonary Complications, Practice, Preoperative Evaluation, Prevention, Pulmonary Complications, Quality, Randomized Controlled Trials, Recovery, Respiratory Care, Review, Risk Patients, Science, Scopus, Surgery, Surgical, Systematic, Systematic Review, Upper Abdominal-Surgery, Web of ScienceTitle: Revista Brasileira de Medicina do EsporteFull Journal Title: Revista Brasileira de Medicina do EsporteISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? de Araujo, C.G.S. and Sardinha, A. (2011), h-Index of the citing articles: A contribution to the evaluation of scientific production of experienced researchers. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 17 (5), 358-362.Full Text: 2011\Rev Bra Med Esp17, 358.pdfAbstract: Background: there has been an increasing interest and need in evaluating the quality of scientific papers written by researchers. Therefore, the most important measurements used are the number of citations, the average number of citations per article published in indexed journals and the H-index. Those bibliometric indicators present, however, limitations when assessing the potential impact of the publications of a given researcher, particularly among the most productive ones. Objective: To propose and to demonstrate the use of a new scienciometric strategy - the H-index of the citing articles -, that allows better discrimination of the impact of a given researcher to the body of knowledge in the respective research area. Methods: Research data - Web of Science - from 13 of the most productive Brazilian PhD researchers in the field of exercise and sports sciences were analyzed, including: number of publications, number of citations, average number of citations per article, H-index and the proposed H-index of citing articles (the H-index extracted from the ranking of articles that cited the papers published by a given researcher). Data from four other researchers - Brazilian and foreign - were used as reference for comparisons. Results: The researcher’s H-index and the H-index of the citing articles were associated (r=.92; p>.01). However, when the six most productive authors with H-index above 7 were analyzed, the association between the two indexes dissapeared (r=.35; p=.49). Conclusions: The H-index of the citing articles can be useful to discriminate the scientific production of authors with a high number of published papers. It is suggested that this algorithm should be adopted by Brazilian and foreign financing and scientific production evaluation agencies.Keywords: Academy-Of-Sciences, Area, Articles, Association, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Brazil, Citations, Citations, Dimension, Discrimination, Editors, Evaluation, Exercise, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Indexes, Indicators, Interest, Journal Impact Factor, Journals, Knowledge, Methods, Output, Papers, Publication, Publications, Qualis, Quality, Ranking, Research, Researchers, Science, Sciences, Scientific Production, Scientometrics, Sports, Strategy, Web of Science, Web-of-ScienceTitle: Revista Brasileira de PsiquiatriaFull Journal Title: Revista Brasileira de PsiquiatriaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Palma, B.D., Tiba, P.A., Machado, R.B., Tufik, S. and Suchecki, D. (2007), Immune outcomes of sleep disorders: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, a is as a modulatory factor. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 29, S33-S38.Abstract: Objective: To review the literature on the interaction between sleep and the immune system. Method: A search on Web of Science and PUBMED database including the keywords sleep, sleep deprivation, stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune system, and autoimmune diseases. Results: On Web of Science, 588 publications were retrieved, 61 references, more significant and closer to our objective, were used, including original articles and review papers. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation and immune system exert a bidirectional influence on each other Since sleep deprivation is considered a stressor, inasmuch as it induces elevation of cortisol or corticosterone levels in humans and rodents, respectively, and given the well-known immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticoids, we propose that increased activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a major mediator of the immune alterations observed in patients with insomnia or in sleep deprived subjects.Keywords: Acth, Chronic Insomnia, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Cortisol, Cortisol Secretion, Deprivation, Humans, Insomnia, Literature, Outcomes, Papers, Publications, Rat, Receptors, Reduces Spontaneous Waking, Review, Science, Sleep Disorders, Stress, System, Web of Science? Berger, W., Portella, C.M., Fontenelle, L.F., Kinrys, G. and Mendlowicz, M.V. (2007), Antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, antiadrenergics and other drugs: what to do when posttraumatic stress disorder does not respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 29, S61-S65.Abstract: Objectives: In this narrative review, we aimed to describe different pharmacological strategies for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder who display different levels of intolerance, resistance, refractoriness, or who are unable to take to antidepressants, especially serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Method: We searched the ISI Web of Science and the PUBMED for original studies focusing in the treatment of PTSD in different clinical scenarios. Results: Preliminary evidence pointed towards the efficacy of drugs such as risperidone, olanzapine, lamotrigine and prazosin as strategies to be employed in the above mentioned clinical scenarios. The choice of a specific “second line” drug should take into account not only symptoms, but also pattern of comorbidities, previous response to other treatments, pharmacological interactions, side-effects, and patient’s physical conditions. Conclusions: Future randomized controlled trials should be performed in order to unveil which drugs should be prescribed in the absence of adequate treatment and response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Keywords: Adjunctive Risperidone Treatment, Antidepressants, Childhood Abuse, Chronic Ptsd, Clozapine Treatment, Combat Veterans, Disorder, Double-Blind, Drug, Drugs, Efficacy, ISI, Nightmares, Open Trial, Open-Label, Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychotic Symptoms, Ptsd, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Resistance, Review, Risperidone, Science, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Serotonin, Stress, Symptoms, Treatment, Web of Science? Tavares, H., Miguel, E.C., Mari, J.D., Rohde, L.A., Mercadante, M.T. and Bressan, R.A. (2007), Bibliometrics and visibility of the Brazilian psychiatry. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 29 (2), 99.Full Text: 2007\Rev Bra Psi29, 99.pdfKeywords: Bibliometrics, Psychiatry, Visibility? Razzouk, D., Zorzetto, R., Dubugras, M.T., Gerolin, J. and Mari, J.D. (2007), Leading countries in mental health research in Latin America and the Caribbean. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 29 (2), 118-122.Full Text: 2007\Rev Bra Psi29, 118.pdfAbstract: Objective: The prevalence and burden of mental disorders have been growing in Latin-American and the Caribbean countries and research is an important tool for changing this scenario. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of mental health research in Latin American and the Caribbean countries from 1995 to 2005. Method: The indicators of productivity were based on the, S, Essential Science Indicators database. We compared the number of papers and citations, as well as the number of citations per paper between 1995 and 2005 for each country ranked in the Essential Science Indicators. Result: Eleven Latin American countries were ranked in the ISI database and six of them demonstrated a higher level of development in mental health research: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. Mexico produced the largest number of papers, while Brazil showed a larger number of citations per paper Conclusion: Mental health research is still incipient in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, and many challenges remain to be overcome. Also, it is necessary to establish the research priorities, to allocate more funding, and to improve researchers training in research method and design.Keywords: Brazil, Citations, Essential Science Indicators, Gap, ISI, Journals, Mental Health, Middle-Income Countries, Period, Psychiatry, Publications, Research? Zuardi, A.W. (2008), Cannabidiol: From an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 30 (3), 271-280.Abstract: Objective: The aim of this review is to describe the historical development of research on cannabidiol. Method: This review was carried out on reports drawn from MEDLINE, Web of Science and SciELO. Discussion: After the elucidation of the chemical structure of cannabidiol in 1963, the initial studies showed that cannabidiol was unable to mimic the effects of Cannabis. In the 1970’s the number of publications on cannabidiol reached a first peak, having the research focused mainly on the interaction with delta9-THC and its antiepileptic and sedative effects. The following two decades showed lower degree of interest, and the potential therapeutic properties of cannabidiol investigated were mainly the anxiolytic, antipsychotic and on motor diseases effects. The last five years have shown a remarkable increase in publications on cannabidiol mainly stimulated by the discovery of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. These studies have suggested a wide range of possible therapeutic effects of cannabidiol on several conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral ischemia, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory diseases, nausea and cancer Conclusion: In the last 45 years it has been possible to demonstrate that CBD has a wide range of pharmacological effects, many of which being of great therapeutic interest, but still waiting to be confirmed by clinical trials.Keywords: Alzheimer’S Disease, Antiinflammatory Activity, Arthritis, Binocular Depth Inversion, Cancer, Cannabidiol, Cannabinoids, Cannabis, Clinical Trials, Constituent Cannabidiol, Controlled Clinical-Trial, Development, Diabetes, Disease, Drug, Elevated Plus-Maze, History, In-Vivo, Interest, Ischemia, Lithium-Paired Context, Non-Psychoactive Component, Parkinson’S Disease, Pharmacological Interaction, Plant Cannabinoids, Publications, Research, Review, Scielo, Science, Therapeutic Uses, Web of Science? Coelho, F.G.D., Santos-Galduroz, R.F., Gobbi, S. and Stella, F. (2009), Systematized physical activity and cognitive performance in elderly with Alzheimer’s dementia: A systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31 (2), 163-170.Abstract: Objective: Despite the growing evidence of the benefits of physical exercise for cognition, there is a controversy about the systematic practice of physical activity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to procedure a systematic review of studies that analyzed the effect of systematized physical activity on cognitive performance in elderly individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Method: We conducted a search in PsycINFO, Biological Abstracts, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Physical Education and SPORTDiscus Index from 1990 to 2008, using the following keywords: “physical activity”, “physical therapy”, “exercise”, “fitness”,”aerobic”, “strength”, “intervention”, “cognition”, “cognitive performance”, “Alzheimer’s disease”, “Alzheimer’s dementia”, “Alzheimer’s”, and cross-references of selected articles. Results: There were found eight studies that met inclusion criteria adopted for the present work. These studies showed that systematized physical activity contributed to at least improve temporarily some cognitive functions of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, particularly, attention, executive functions and language. Conclusion: Unable to establish a protocol of recommendations about the type and intensity of systematized physical activity required to produce benefits in cognitive functioning. However, the practice of regular systematized physical activity appears to contribute to the preservation or improvement of cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Keywords: Aged, Alzheimer’S Disease, Attention, Brain-Function, Cognition, Communication, Dementia, Disease, Education, Elderly, Exercise, Impairment, Intervention, Metaanalysis, Older-Adults, Physical Activity, Physical Exercise, Practice, Program, Protocol, Rehabilitation, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science? Solowij, N. and Pesa, N. (2010), Cognitive abnormalities and cannabis use. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 32, S31-S40.Abstract: Objective Evidence that cannabis use impairs cognitive function in humans has been accumulating in recent decades The purpose of this overview is to update knowledge in this area with new findings from the most recent literature Method: Literature searches were conducted using the Web of Science database up to February 2010 The terms searched were “cannabi” or “marijuana”; and “cogniti” or “memory” or “attention” or “executive function” and human studies were reviewed preferentially over the animal literature Discussion: Cannabis use impairs memory attention, inhibitory control, executive functions and decision making, both during the period of acute intoxication and beyond, persisting for hours, days, weeks or more after the last use of cannabis Pharmacological challenge studies in humans are elucidating the nature and neural substrates of cognitive changes associated with various cannabinoids. Long-term or beau cannabis use appears to result in longer-lasting cognitive abnormalities and possibly structural brain alterations Greater adverse cognitive effects are associated with cannabis use commencing in early adolescence Conclusion: The endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in regulatory neural mechanisms that modulate processes underlying a range of cognitive functions that are impaired by cannabis Deficits in human users most likely therefore reflect neuroadaptations and altered Auctioning of the endogenous cannabinoid system.Keywords: Acute, Acute Oral Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Adolescent Marijuana Users, Adult Rats, Attention, Brain, Cannabinoids, Cannabis, Cognition, Cognitive Function, Control, Decision Making, Decision-Making, Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Thc, Hippocampal Morphology, Human, Humans, Knowledge, Literature, Memory, Neurobehavioral Manifestations, Overview, Physiological Processes, Drug Effects, Science, Selective Attention, Short-Term-Memory, Spatial Working-Memory, Web of Science, Young-Adults? Mantovani, C., Migon, M.N., Alheira, F.V. and Del-Ben, C.M. (2010), Management of the violent or agitated patient. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 32, S96-S103.Abstract: Objective: To review current data about the management of agitated or aggressive patients. Method: Through a search of databases (PUBMED and Web of Science), empirical articles and reviews about pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the management of agitation and for violence were identified. Results: The non-pharmacological management of agitation/aggression encompasses the organization of space and appropriateness of behavior and attitudes of health professionals. The main goal of pharmacological management is rapid tranquilization aimed at reducing symptoms of agitation and aggression, without the induction of deep or prolonged sedation, keeping the patient calm, but completely or partially responsive. Polypharmacy should be avoided, and doses of medications should be as small as possible, adjusted according to clinical need. Intramuscular administration of medication should be considered as a last resort and the options for the use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines are described and commented. The physical management by means of mechanical restraint may be necessary in violent situations where there is risk to the patient or staff and must meet strict criteria. Conclusion: Procedures must be carefully implemented to avoid physical and emotional complications for patients and staff.Keywords: Aggression, Antipsychotics, Databases, Double-Blind, Emergency Medicine, Haloperidol Plus Promethazine, Interventions, Intramuscular Haloperidol, Lorazepam, Management, Medication, Olanzapine, Pharmacological Processes, Psychiatric Emergency-Rooms, Psychomotor Agitation, Psychotic Agitation, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Rapid Tranquilization, Review, Risk, Science, Seclusion, Symptoms, Violence, Web of Science? Gerolin, J., Bressan, R.A., Pietrobon, R. and Mari, J.D. (2010), Ten-year growth in the scientific production of Brazilian Psychiatry: The impact of the new evaluation policies. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 32 (1), 6-10.Full Text: 2010\Rev Bra Psi32, 6.pdfAbstract: Objective: Developed by the Ministry of Education, the Qualis evaluation criteria have strongly impacted the scientific production of Post-Graduation Programs. A new set of more stringent criteria has been proposed for Qualis. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of the new Qualis criteria on the scientific production of Post-Graduation Programs in psychiatry over the last 10 years. Method: We extracted data from annual reports published between 1998 and 2008, and compared performance measured in terms of the old Qualis rating criteria and the new set of criteria. Results: There was a 25% increase in the number of Information Science Institute-indexed articles in the second five-year period, which rose from 1,213 to 1,518. While, according to the old Qualis criteria, 84% of the Information Science Institute production would have been classified as highly-rated (IF > 1), only 17% of the papers were classified as highly-rated (A1) according to the new Qualis rating criteria. Most papers (65%) were assigned to intermediate categories (13 1 and 132) with an IF < 2.29. Discussion: All psychiatric Post-Graduation Programs have increased their production, but by favoring quality over quantity, the new rules have proved to be more useful for discriminating among the scientific production.Keywords: Articles, Bibliometrics, Developing Countries, Evaluation, Growth, Impact, Mental Health, Mental-Health Research, Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Statistics & Numerical Data, Publishing, Statistics & Numerical Data, Science, Scientific ProductionTitle: Revista Chilena de Historia NaturalFull Journal Title: Revista Chilena de Historia NaturalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Jaksic, F.M. and Santelices, B. (1991), Does anybody read the chilean ecologists. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 64 (1), 13-18.Full Text: 1991\Rev Chi His Nat64, 13.pdfAbstract: Using two case studies, one of a terrestrial ecologist and one of a marine ecologist, this study assesses the bibliographic impact being made by Chilean ecologists. Results indicate a yearly average of 18-19 citations made by other researchers (allocitations), frequently foreign, over a 10-year period, Besides their intrinsic quality, the most cited paper are in English and published in journals of international prestige. The least cited papers are in Spanish, published in local journal or in proceedings of local congresses. Publishing in English in local journals or in proceedings of international congresses does not increase the number of citations. Several papers are being cited even 10 year after their publication date, and their temporal pattern of citation varies according to the experimental or theoretical nature of those contributionsKeywords: Allocitations, Autocitations, Bibliographic Impact, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Citations, English, Epistemometrics, Impact, Journal, Journals, Publication, Spanish, Temporal? Rau, J.R. (2007), h-index (2000-2004) of the most cited environmental researchers based at Chilean institutions. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 80 (3), 381-383.Full Text: 2007\Rev Chi His Nat80, 381.pdfKeywords: Environmental, Fair, h Index, h-Index, Institutions, Ranking, Scientists? Rau, J.R. (2007), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural h-index: 2000-2004 quinquennium. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 80 (3), 385-386.Full Text: 2007\Rev Chi His Nat80, 385.pdfKeywords: Fair, h Index, h-Index, Impact Factors, Ranking, Scientists? Molina-Montenegro, M.A. and Gianoli, E. (2010), The I-index, a new estimator of the impact of scientific productivity: Ecologists from Chile as study case. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 83 (2), 219-227.Full Text: 2010\Rev Chi His Nat83, 219.pdfAbstract: Hirsch proposed in 2005 the h-index, which integrates in a single number the impact of scientific output of a researcher, considering both the quantity of published articles and the citations received. It has been demonstrated that the number of coauthors in an article and the frequency of self-citations of the researcher may affect the scientific indices In this study we propose a new indicator of the impact of scientific output the I-index, which is based on the h-index, correcting for the number of coauthors of each article and the proportion of silo-citations of the researcher In addition, we introduce the index’s standardization by scientific age (time in years since the first publication, Is-mdex) We evaluated the variation of Index with chronological age (age classes). geographical location (Santiago vs Regions) and gender of researchers We also evaluated how these patterns vary if only the top ten of each age class are considered, and if the Is-index is used The sample group consisted of 120 researchers in ecological sciences (sensu lato) Results show that older researchers have significantly higher I-index values and that this difference is greater when the top tell group is considered. Researchers from Santiago have higher l-index values than those from regions However, the opposite trend is found when the top ten young researchers are considered Although no difference between male and female researchers was detected when the whole data set is considered. the top ten male researchers have greater I-mdex values Standardization of the I-index for scientific age changes the upper ranking of scientific output. The proposed index has the advantage of being an indicator that i) better reflects the individual contribution of a researcher. ii) it is not feasible to manipulate it via self-citations, in) It is not an integer number allowing a more precise discrimination. and iv) the standardized version allows the comparison of the research output mu pact of scientists of different ages. We propose to Include the I-mdex in assessments for academic jobs, promotions and prizes.Keywords: Articles, Author, Chile, Citations, Coauthors, Collaboration, Contribution, h Index, h-Index, h-Index, I Index, Indicators, Pay, Publication, Research, Research Output, Researchers, Scientific Age, Scientific Output, Scientific Productivity, Self Citations, Self-Citations, Trend? George-Nascimento, M. (2010), An assessment of the bibliometric indices I and Is of Molina-Montenegro & Gianoli applied to researchers in ecological sciences in Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 83 (2), 229-235.Full Text: 2010\Rev Chi His Nat83, 229.pdfAbstract: The interest in measuring the scientific output has led to an increasing number of indices being proposed In this commentary I critically examine the indices I and Is proposed by Molina-Montenegro & Gianoli (2010: in this issue). and the criteria employed by these authors to incorporate or exclude scientists from their database of Chilean researchers in ecology I also assess the statistical relationship between the indices of scientific output I, Is and Hirsch’s h, and the primary variables that compose them To do that I use correlation and linear regression analyses Results show that the 1 index is highly associated to the number of co-authors, and keeps a high positive and significant correlation with the I: index, after adjusting by logo of the number of alocitations and the number of self-citations. This suggests that the number of co-authors and self-citations are not important. predictors of the differences between h and I. In contrast, the Is index decreases with scientific age, which would be an undesirable outcome, and a result of dividing the I index by the scientific age I suggest that inspecting residuals of the regression between the log(10) of the number of alocitations and the scientific age is a simple and straightforward way to assess whether a scientist should be promoted, hired or awarded.Keywords: Ecology, h Index, I Index, I-S Index, Scientific Age? Rau, J.R. (2011), Does the production of ISI papers by Chilean ecologists (sensu lato) fit Lotka’s (1926) law? Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 84 (2), 213-216.Full Text: 2011\Rev Chi His Nat84, 213.pdfAbstract: Recently, two new bibliometric indicators were proposed to gauge the productivity of ISI papers and applied to a sample of 120 Chilean ecologists (sensu lato). The purpose of these indexes was to make a correction of the h-index for the number of coauthors and the number of self-citations as well as to a scientific age-standardization of that index. However, an analysis of residuals from the regression of the logarithm of the number of alocitations (correlated with the h-index) showed little effect of both, the number of coauthors and of self-citations and showed that the examination of the residuals is a more robust bibliometric indicator. Nevertheless, in this comment I use that database and, through a log-log regression analysis and the use of the LOTKA computer program, I show that Chilean ecologists do not follow the scientometric law of Lotka (1926), which postulates that only a minority of authors produces most of the articles published in a particular subject area.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, h Index, h-Index, Index, Indexes, Lotka Computer Program, Papers, Power, Quadratic Law, Scientific Productivity, ScientometricsTitle: Revista Chilena de InfectologíaFull Journal Title: Revista Chilena de InfectologíaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Chilena InfectolISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Vermund, S.H. and Acuna, G. (2005), Regional journals in medicine and public health: A look to the future upon the indexing of the Revista Chilena de Infectología. Revista Chilena de Infectología, 22 (1), 11-20.Full Text: 2005\Rev Chi Inf22, 11.pdfAbstract: Revista Chilena de Infectologia has recently been accepted for index listing in the Index Medicus via the MEDLINE data base. This breakthrough prompts reflection on the nature of regionally focused subspecialty journals and what such a listing means for better dissemination of scientific and medical discoveries reported in such journals. There is a conscientious global effort at present to better represent regional journals in indexing systems and to make access easier for persons in less wealthy nations to medical and public health information via the internet. These trends are reviewed and discussed in the context of Chile’s national medical and public health literature.Keywords: Access, Breakthrough, Context, Data, Data Base, Health, Health Information, Index, Indexing, Information, Journals, Literature, Medical, Medicine, MEDLINE, Nations, Public, Public Health, Reflection, Regional, Systems, TrendsTitle: Revista de ChimieFull Journal Title: Revista de ChimieISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-7752Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Danes, F., Filipescu, L. and Danes, S. (1977), Thermodynamic model for calculating solubility isotherm in ternary-systems. Revista de Chimie, 28 (10), 945-951.? Bilba, Z., Wen, K.G., Bilba, D., Naum, N. and Ababi, V. (1987), Adsorption of xylene isomers on X-type zeolites, modified with K+ and Ba2+ ions. Revista de Chimie, 38 (6), 484-488.Keywords: K+? Zamfir, M. (1990), Biotechnology - 8th bioinformatica. Revista de Chimie, 41 (4), 394-395.? Pode, R., Burtica, G., Pode, V. and Iovi, A. (1991), Studies Concerning the Ammonium Ion Adsorption Capacity on Chemically Modified Volcanic Tuff. Revista de Chimie, 42 (10-12), 521-523.Abstract: This paper presents the possibility of removing the ammonium ion contained in water, by using the volcanic tuff of Mirsid, with a structure modified by chemical treatment. Based on the experimental data obtained, the mathematical relationship between the ammonium quantity retained on the tuff mass unit and the ammonium ion concentration in the solution at the equilibrium level were studied.Keywords: Ammonium, Chemical, Concentration, Equilibrium, Ion, Modified, Paper, Quantity, Structure, Treatment, Water? Balaban, A.T. (2000), The set up of the founded Centre for Science Policy and Scientometrisc of the Ministry of National Education (CENAPOSS). Revista de Chimie, 51 (1), 5-7.Abstract: The newly founded Centre for Science Policy and Scientometrics of the Ministry of National Education purchased the Science Citation Index (SCI) for the period 1981-1999 in printed version and on CD-ROM from the European representative of the Institute for Scientific Information, based on a grant financed by a World Bank loan. The aims of the above Centre are presented, and the various intended uses of the SCI are discussed. The paper contains a brief bibliography listing the author’s papers in the field of science policy and scientometrics.Keywords: Bibliography, Citation, Citation Index, Field, Institute for Scientific Information, Papers, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Science Policy, Scientific Information, Scientometrics? Cobzaru, C., Oprea, S., Hulea, T., Hulea, V. and Dumitriu, E. (2002), Aplications of natural zeolites in heavy metals remouval from waste waters and in catalysis of some organic chemical reactions. Revista de Chimie, 53 (10), 674-677.Abstract: The capacity of Romanian zeolite tuff (containing ca. 70% clinoptilolitc) for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions has been investigated in different conditions. Both Na and NH4 form of the natural clinoptilolite zeolite exhibited higher removal capability than unmodified zeolite for all. metals. The affinity sequence was found to be Fe-3 approximate to Cr3+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+.Keywords: Clinoptilolite, Exchange, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Ion Exchange, Natural Clinoptilolite Zeolite, Natural Zeolites, Pb2+, Removal, Waste Waters, Zeolite, Zeolites? Guzun-Stoica, A., Gheorghe, A., Jecu, L., Stroescu, M. and Dobre, T. (2004), Biosorption of heavy metals ions by bacillus licheniformis and penicillium species. Revista de Chimie, 55 (7), 558-560.Abstract: Bacillus licheniformis and Penicillium species were used for zinc and uranium ions removal from wastewater Heavy metals ion tolerance and adaptation of Bacillus licheniformis and Penicillium species to high metal ions concentrations were performed. Batch experiments for metal ions removal were done using free biomass. The maximum removal degree for zinc ions was 98% in solutions with ZnSO4 and glucose and 60% for uranium ions.Keywords: Bacillus Licheniformis, Penicillium, Zinc and Uranium Ions Removal, Batch Experiments, Thiobacillus-Ferrooxidans Biomass, Removal? Alexiu, V. and Vladescu, L. (2004), The determination of total selenium from selenised yeast samples. Revista de Chimie, 55 (10), 739-742.Abstract: This study reports the obtained results regarding the total selenium content in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae selenised yeast samples and in polivitaminic samples. The method for the determination of total selenium by graphite furnace absorption spectrometry using palladium and ascorbic acid as matrix modifier was validated. Linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity have been determined. The calibration curve is linear, between 5-50 mug/L, recovery of selenium added is 99,72-99,95%.Keywords: Total Selenium, Selenised Yeast, Matrix Modifier, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption, Spectrometry, Performance Liquid-Chromatography, Inductively-Coupled Plasma, Mass Spectrometry, Selenoamino Acids, Speciation? Jinescu, G. and Stoica, M. (2005), The kinetics of zinc ion adsorption on different biomasses of bacterial and vegetal origin. Revista de Chimie, 56 (4), 421-424.Abstract: In this paper there are presented researches regarding zinc adsorption on different biomasses, one of bacteria Pseudomonas Aeruginosa origin and two of vegetarian origin, the plants Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia Crassipes. The study was performed at different initial zinc concentration and weight of biomass. The results of this study are an adsorption in percent of 11 % for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, 25% for Pistia stratiotes and 16,39 -100% for Eichhornia Crassipes from initial concentration of zinc.Keywords: Adsorption, Algae, Biomass, Biosorption, Eichhornia Crassipes, Heavy-Metals, Pistia stratiotes, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Surface, Zinc? Frangopol, P.T. (2005), The Hirsch index - a new scientometric indicator for the evaluation of the results of a scientific researcher. Revista de Chimie, 56 (12), 1279-1281.Keywords: Evaluation, Ranking? Mihaly-Cozmuta, L., Visan, T. and Mihaly-Cozmuta, A. (2006), Energetical aspects of heavy metals adsorbtion on natural zeolits. Influence of the environment pH on copper ions adsorbtion. Revista de Chimie, 57 (11), 1130-1134.Abstract: The article presents the possibility to use the volcanic tuffs in the wastewaters’ treatment, based on the adsorption of heavy metals’ cations, particularly copper ions. The used volcanic tuff, coming from Stoiana Paglisa (Cluj Napoca), is characterized by a high content of clinoptilolite. Experimental data show that the main parameter which influences the adsorption is the pH value. Along with the acidity increase, the decrease of copper specific adsorption has been recorded, as energetical changes of active centers located on the adsorbent’s surface.Keywords: Adsorption, Clinoptilolite, Copper, Removal? Deleanu, C., Simonescu, C.M. and Constantinescu, I. (2008), Adsorption behaviour of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution on chitosan. Revista de Chimie, 59 (6), 639-642.Abstract: The chemical contamination of water with a wide range of toxic substances, in particular heavy metals, is a serious environmental problem due to their potential toxicity to humans. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies that can remove toxic pollutants found in wastewaters. Adsorption is one of the more popular methods for the removal of pollutants from the wastewater. Chitosan is a derivative from N-deacetylation of chitin - a naturally occurring polysaccharide from crustacean and fungal biomass - and it has been found to be capable of chemically or physically adsorbing various heavy metal ions, including lead, vanadium, platinum, silver, cadmium, chromium and copper, from wastewaters. In this study, a batch adsorption system was applied to study the adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by chitosan. The adsorption capacities and rates of Cu(II) ions onto chitosan were evaluated. Experiments were carried out as function of time, adsorbent mass and concentration of Cu(II) ions. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the isotherms. Equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model. The kinetic experimental data correlated well with the second-order kinetic model, indicating that the chemical sorption was the rate-limiting step.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Isotherm, Aqueous Solution, Batch Adsorption, Beads, Behaviour, Biomass, Cadmium, Chemical, Chemical Contamination, Chitin, Chitosan, Chromium, Concentration, Contamination, Copper, Cross-Linked Chitosan, Crustacean, Cu(II), Cu(II) Ions, Environmental, Environmental Problem, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Function, Fungal Biomass, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Humans, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lead, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Methods, Model, Models, Platinum, Pollutants, Polysaccharide, Potential, Rate Limiting Step, Rate-Limiting Step, Rates, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Silver, Solution, Sorption, Technologies, Toxic Pollutants, Toxic Substances, Toxicity, Vanadium, Waste-Water, Wastewater, Wastewaters, Water? Bulgariu, L., Robu, B. and Macoveanu, M. (2009), The Pb(II) sorption from aqueous solutions by sphagnum moss peat. Revista de Chimie, 60 (2), 171-175.Full Text: Rev Chi60, 171.pdfAbstract: The lead(II) sorption from aqueous solutions on three types of Sphagnum moss peat from Poiana Stampei, Romania, was studied. The Sphagnum moss peat was drawing from different deeps such as 5 cm deep (peat 1), 1 m deep (peat 2) and from 3 m deep (peat 3). The influence of various experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, peat dose and initial lead concentration was studied in batch experiments, in order to establish the optimum conditions from lead sorption, The pet-cent of Pb(II) sorption has a maximum at pH 6.0, slowly increasing with the increasing of peat dose and decreases with the initial lead concentration. The efficiency of lead adsorption depend on peat type and follow the order: peat 2 (q(max) = 92.77 mg Pb(II)/g) > peat 1 (q(max) = 87.22 mg Pb(II)/g) > peat 3 (q(max) = 80.61 mg Pb(II)/g). In order to improve the lead sorption efficiency, the peat samples were treated with HNO3 and NaOH, respectively. An increasing of lead sorption with 10-15% was observed for each type of peat treated with HNO3 and with 20-25% after the treatment with NaOH.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Fly-Ash, Ions, Kinetics, Lead, Lead, Metals, Peat Moss, Sorption? Hristodor, C., Copcia, V., Lutic, D. and Popovici, E. (2010), Thermodynamics and kinetics of Pb(II) and Hg(II) ions removal from aqueous solution by Romanian clays. Revista de Chimie, 61 (3), 285-289.Full Text: 2010\Rev Chi61, 285.pdfAbstract: Heavy metals cations are released to the environment by natural phenomena and human activities, such as agricultural practices, transport, industrial activities and waste disposal. Because of their high negative impact as environmental contaminants, in this study the removal of Pb(II) and Hg(II) from wastewaters was studied. Clays from Valea Chioarului and Razoare areas - Romania as well as Na-clays were investigated as sorbents. The effect of initial concentration of metal ions - Pb(II) and Hg(II), temperature and time on removal efficiency was studied. The equilibrium data were fitted with two standard isotherms, the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The Langmuir model was more suitable for these systems. The highest ion exchange capacity based on Langmuir constants was displayed by the Na-exchanged clay: 0.696 mmoles/g for lead and 0.71 mmoles/g for mercury. These amounts of lead and mercury immobilized on solids are high enough to foresee their convenient possibility of separation from wastewaters. A future study concerning the toxic ions form real wastewaters will be necessary in this respect. The kinetic studies showed that the sorption rates could be described by a second-order Lagergren equation.Keywords: Ion Exchange, Raw Clay, Na-Clay, Pb(II) and Hg(II) removal? Siminiceanu, I., Marchitan, N., Duca, G. and Mereuta, A. (2010), Mathematical models based on thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetics of an ion exchange process. Revista de Chimie, 61 (7), 623-626.Full Text: Rev Chi61, 691.pdfAbstract: A new adsorbent has been prepared from Amberlite IRA- 67 impregnated with the liquid ion- exchanger Amberlite LA-2 dissolved in n- hexane to recover tartaric acid (TA) from aqueous solution. The experiments done on a batch equipment proved the effectiveness of the new material: the separation degree of 74 was 100% in a contact time less than 30 minutes for the following values of the 6 main factors: solid/ liquid loading > 1 g/L, T = 294 K, initial pH 2.5, initial TA concentration >1 g/L, particle diameter 0.4 - 1.2 mm, stirring 200 min-1. The equilibrium q(c)- c(e) data were better correlated through the Langmuir model (R2= 0.9962) compared to the Freundlich one (R2= 0.8535). The kinetic curves q- tau ave been confronted with 4 kinetic models, and the corresponding kinetic constants have been identified. The final conclusion was that, under the investigated conditions, the slowest step of the process was the intraparticle diffusion.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Concentration, Data, Diffusion, Dissolved, Dumwald-Wagner, Effectiveness, Equilibrium, Equipment, Experiments, Freundlich, Gases, Ho- Mckay, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Lagergren, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Liquid, Loading, Model, Models, pH, Resins, Separation, Solution, Sorption, Tartaric Acid, Thermodynamic, Weber- Morris? Negrea, A., Lupa, L., Ciopec, M., Muntean, C., Lazau, R. and Motoc, M. (2010), Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions using a binary mixed oxide. Revista de Chimie, 61 (7), 691-695.Full Text: Rev Chi61, 691.pdfAbstract: In the most cases the drinking water has been identified as one of the major sources of arsenic exposure by the general population. A variety of treatment processes has been studied for arsenic removal from water. One of the most used methods is the adsorption. The most efficient adsorbent materials are those with iron content considering the affinity of arsenic species towards iron compounds. In the present paper the As(III) adsorption performance of a binary mixed oxide Fe2O3-SiO2 was investigated. The sorption process is best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The theoretically predicted equilibrium adsorption capacity was close to the experimentally determined value (80.6 g/g). Modeling of the equilibrium data with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms lead to a better correlation coefficient in the case of Langmuir model. The value of the calculated maximum adsorption capacity is close to the experimental value (340 mu g/g). The dimensional separation factor used to predict the essential characteristics of Langmuir isotherm indicates favorable adsorption in the studied concentration range (100-700 mu g As (III) / L). The studied binary mixed oxide develops promising adsorbent properties concerning the arsenic (III) removal from aqueous medium.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Performance, Aqueous Medium, Arsenic, Arsenic Removal, As(V), Binary Mixed Oxide, Capacity, Characteristics, Concentration, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Data, Drinking Water, Equilibrium, Experimental, Exposure, Freundlich, General, Granular Ferric Hydroxide, Groundwater, Iron, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherms, Langmuir Model, Lead, Magnetite, Methods, Model, Modeling, Modified Carbon-Black, Oxide, Performance, Population, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, Separation, Siderite, Sorption, Sorption Equilibrium, Sorption Kinetics, Sorption Process, Sources, Species, Treatment, Value, Water? Bulgariu, L., Ceica, A., Lazar, L., Cretescu, I. and Balasanian, I. (2010), Equilibrium and kinetics study of nitrate removal from water by purolite A100 resin. Revista de Chimie, 61 (11), 1136-1141.Full Text: 2010\Rev Chi61, 1136.pdfAbstract: In this study, removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions was investigated by anion exchange resin Purolite A100, using batch method. The experimental equilibrium data were modelled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Langmuir equation describes sorption isotherm of nitrates with high correlation coefficients, and better than Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir model, at room temperature the maximum uptake capacity of resin for nitrates was obtained as 19.38 mg/g at 334 K. The effect of temperature on the nitrates ion exchange process onto resin was also investigated, and various thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG, ΔH, ΔS and E-a have been calculated. The experimental data were analyzed using two kinetics models: pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. On the basis of these models the kinetics parameters (rate constants and equilibrium sorption capacities) were calculated.Keywords: Adsorption, Anion Exchange Resin, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Batch Method, Capacity, Correlation, Data, Drinking-Water, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Study, Experimental, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics Models, Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Langmuir Equation, Langmuir Model, Model, Models, Nitrate, Nitrates, Nitrates Pollution, NOV, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First Order and Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Purolite A100, Rate Constants, Removal, Removal of Nitrate, Resin, Room Temperature, Solutions, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Uptake, Water? Davidescu, C.M., Ciopec, M., Negrea, A., Popa, A., Lupa, L., Negrea, P., Muntean, C. and Motoc, M. (2011), Use of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) impregnated XAD7 copolymer resin for the removal of chromium(III) from water. Revista de Chimie, 62 (7), 712-717.Full Text: 2011\Rev Chi62, 712.pdfAbstract: Industrial processes generate waste that if disposed untreated would have a detrimental effect on the environment and human health. Metals such as chromium are often present in effluent streams. The paper presents a novel support for chromium sorption and its removal from wastewaters. The support is a solvent-impregnated resins (SIR) formed by impregnating Amber lite XAD7 with DEHPA as extractant and ethylic alcohol as solvent by dry impregnation method. Adsorption on the XAD7 support macro and interaction between the extractant and support was proven by physicochemical methods of analysis (FTIR spectroscopy, EDX). In order to establish the sorption performance of the impregnated XAD7, the influence of different physicochemical parameters (pH, contact time and initial concentration of chromium) upon the Cr(III) sorption onto XAD7 was investigated. The optimum pH for Cr(III) sorption was found as 3.0 for this material. To express the kinetics of chromium sorption onto XAD7 the results were analyzed using the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models. The sorption process is best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm studies were conducted in order to determine the maximum adsorption capacity of XAD7 towards chromium. Langmuir adsorption isotherm gave a satisfactory fit of the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity is of similar to 5 mg Cr(III)/g SIR.Keywords: Adsorption, Alcohol, Aliquat-336, Amberlite Xad7, Aqueous-Solution, Cadmium, Chromium, Chromium (III), Cr(VI), Dehpa, Environment, Equilibrium, Human, Isotherm, Kinetics, Metals, Model, Organophosphorus Extractants, pH, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Sir, Solvent Impregnated Resin (SIR), Sorption, Sorption Kinetics? Lucaci, D. and Duta, A. (2011), Adsorption of methyl orange from wastewater using sawdust and sawdust-fly ash substrates. Revista de Chimie, 62 (7), 741-745.Full Text: 2011\Rev Chi62, 741.pdfAbstract: Methyl orange is used in textile, printing, paper, manufacturing, pharmaceutical or food industries and in research laboratories. Because of its structure, this dye is rather difficult to degrade and is used as reference for advanced removal of dyes from the textile industry. Wastewater removal using second raw materials for substrates development represents a novel trend that complies with the sustainability requirements. As substrates ash, especially fly ash is investigated but attempts were done also for the use of raw wood wastes. The potential capacity of sawdust as adsorbent for the methyl orange (MO) dye was tested in our work. Three types of sawdust were tested: oak wood (Querqus robur), white poplar (Populus alba) and willow (Salix alba L.) along with their mixtures with fly ash. The adsorption efficiency of MO was tested from 0.1 mMol/L solution. We evaluate the effects of various parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, pH. The equilibrium data were modeled using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the adsorption mechanisms was discussed, correlated with the substrates structure and morphology. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model.Keywords: Adsorption, Biosorption, Development, Dye Removal, Dyes, Equilibrium, Fly Ash, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Methyl Orange, Model, pH, Photodegradation, Powder, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Research, Sawdust, TiO2, Trend, Wastewater Treatment? Negrea, A., Ciopec, M., Lupa, L., Davidescu, C.M., Popa, A., Negrea, P. and Motoc, M. (2011), Adsorption of arsenate anions from aqueous medium by using Fe(III) loaded XAD7-DEHPA impregnated resin. Revista de Chimie, 62 (10), 1008-1011.Full Text: 2011\Rev Chi62, 1008.pdfAbstract: This study is aimed to remove arsenate anions from aqueous solution by adsorption. As adsorbent a polymeric resin was used. The resin was prepared by impregnation of the Amberlite XAD7 resin with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) trough the dynamic column method of impregnation. Because of the high affinity of iron towards arsenic the XAD7-DEHPA resin was loaded with Fe(III) ions. The adsorption experiments were conducted at different parameters such as, contact time and initial concentration of As(V) from solution. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models by non-linear regression analysis, were used to represent the experimental data and these could be relatively well interpreted by the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum As(V) adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir model was 21.7 mu g/g. By applying the kinetic models to the experimental data it was found that the removal of As(V) ions by adsorption onto Fe-XAD7-DEHPA follows the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Arsenate, Arsenate Anions Removal, Arsenite Anions, As(V), Chelating Resin, Chromium III, Dynamic Column Method of Impregnation, Fe-XAD7-Dehpa, Freundlich, Granular Ferric Hydroxide, Iron-Oxide, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Phosphoric-Acid, Removal, Sorption, WaterTitle: Revista Clínica Espa?olaFull Journal Title: Revista Clínica Espa?olaISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Clin. Esp.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Clin EspISSN: 0014-2565Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: SpainLanguage: EnglishPublisher: IdepsaPublisher Address: Principe de Vergara, 112, 1 F, G-28002 Madrid, SpainSubject Categories: Medicine, General & Internal: Impact Factor? Valladolid, G.R., Aguado, A.G., Criado, A.B., Navarrete, F.F., de la Santa, C.M., Mola, E.M., Tobaruela, A.G. and Uriol, P.L. (1998), Prevalence of psychiatric disturbances and psychopathologic status in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Revista Clínica Espa?ola, 198 (2), 61-65.Abstract: Background. Psychiatric disorders are commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Some authors consider that these disorders can be associated with cognitive impairment. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to stablish the particular prevalence of psychiatric disorders in these patients and to investigate the relationship between psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, life quality, psychological status and adjustment to illness. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study is reported of 46 Spanish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) attending the outpatients clinics of the Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Departments at a University Hospital. The following instruments were used: a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, the Nottingham Health Profile, the Symptom Check-List 90-Revised, the Psychological Adjustment to Illnes Scale and the Integrated Program of Neuropsychological Assessment Test-Barcelona. Results. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders at interview was 33%. The most common diagnoses were affective disorders and psyche-organic syndrome. Affective disorders were associated with a poorer life quality, number of hospitalizations and psychiatric background. Adjustment to illness accounted for the psychologic status of the patients.Keywords: Cognitive Impairment, Symptoms, Lupus, Neuropsychiatric, Psychopathological Status, Adjustment to Illness? Batlle-Gualda, E., Larraz, P.T., Pons, R.N. and Laserna, C.G. (1998), Investigation in Rheumatology. Analysis of Spanish documents published during 1990-1996 in nine foreign specialty journals. Revista Clínica Espa?ola, 198 (9), 587-595.Abstract: Background. A relevant increase in the Spanish biomedical production has occurred in the last few years. The magnitude, evolution and characteristics of the Spanish scientific production in Rheumatology is here analyzed through the published papers in foreign specialty journals.Methods. Location in Spanish documents published from 1990 to 1996 in nine foreign rheumatology journals of great visibility in MEDLINE. Classification of documents according to type of publication, specialty of authors and type of design. Estimation of bibliometric and collaboration indicators. Analysis of their evolution and comparison with data published for 1987.Results. The number of Spanish documents from 1990 to 1996 doubled and from 1987 to 1996 tripled, with a 54% increase for the four journals with more visibility. In 1996, the Spanish documents reached 5% of the total of published documents in several journals. From 1990 to 1996 original papers increased almost four times more than letters, the analytical studies increased almost eight times more than descriptive studies, and the mean expected impact factor of the originals multiplied by 1.6. The published documents by Spanish rheumatologists had a more favorable profile -higher ratios for originals: letters, analytical studies: descriptive studies- than publications performed by other specialists in this area. The number of authors by document (median) increased from 5 to 6 during the analyzed period. Seventy-two percent of documents was signed by more than one departament and 75% by only one institution.Conclusions. A relevant increase has occurred in the number and quality Spanish documents published in the rheumatology area during the last ten years. To note a lack of collaboration between different institutions and few analytical studies of great complexity: cohort studies and controlled clinical trials.Keywords: Scientific Information, Bibliometry, Rheumatology, Statistics, Science-Citation-Index, Medical-Scientific Activity, Bibliometric Indicators, Clinical Research, Biomedicine, Articles, Statistics, Designs? Caridad, I.G., Munoz, M.T.F., Gangas, M.B. and Ariza, E.M. (2004), Spanish scientific output in Medicine in the years 1994-1999. Revista Clínica Espa?ola, 204 (2), 75-88.Abstract: Objectives. A study through bibliometric indicators of the 1994-1999 Spanish international medical scietific output is presented. Method. The international bibliographic databases Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index were used as data source. Results. The Spanish production in Health Sciences rose in the period studied to 53,878 documents, distributed between Basic Medicine (54016), Clinical Medicine (53%) and Social Medicine (2.7%). Among the Spanish communities with greater production Madrid (31%) and Catalonia (29%) pointed out, followed by Andalusia (12%) and Valencia (9%). The principal institutional sectors involved in research were hospitals (51%) and university (44%). An important increase in the publications from foundations and companies was observed. The disciplines of Biochemistry/Molecular biology, Internal/General medicine and Pharmacology/Pharmacy pointed out by their high production. With regard to the centers of greater production its increase during the period studied, the clinical or basic character of research and the average impact factor of their documents shown to detect <<centers of excellence>>. Conclusions. The analysis carried out shows the growth of clinical and social Medicine, makes possible to identify the principal actors in Health Sciences, detect centers of excellence in the disciplines, and analyze the specialization of Spain in the European context. The publications are more abundant in the journals of the first quartile of each specialty.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliographic Databases, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Biology, Clinical, Context, Data, Databases, Distributed, First, Growth, Hospitals, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, International, Journals, Medical, Medicine, Publications, Research, Science Citation Index, Scientific Output, Social, Source, Spain, Specialty, University? Caballero-Villarraso, J., Marquez-Calderon, S. and Villegas-Portero, R. (2007), Applications of proteomic techniques in clinical practice: Present situation and perspectives. Revista Clínica Espa?ola, 207 (7), 344-347.Full Text: 2007\Rev Cli Esp207, 344.pdfAbstract: Study of the human proteome has given rise to the appearance of abundant and increasing scientific literature. This has resulted in the proposal to use proteomic techniques in the management of some diseases and the suggestion of its future use in clinical laboratories. In order to identify which proteomic techniques are being used or may be used in the near future in the clinical practice, a survey was made to experts in proteomics and the bibliometric study was done. Concordance between this study and a survey was observed. However, in general, standardized uses of proteomic techniques in the current clinical practice were not found. In regards to possible applications in the short-middle term, the experts have different opinions, from those who mention specific techniques (coinciding with the most repeated aspects of the bibliometric study) to those who think that its use in a near future is unlikely.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Clinical, Clinical Practice, Diseases, Experts, General, Human, Literature, Management, Opinions, Practice, Proteomics, Scientific Literature, Survey, Techniques, Term? Puerta, J.L., Martín-Moreno, J.M., Bravo, S. and Gutiérrez-Fuentes, J.A. (2011), Evaluation of the research performed in Spanish hospitals. Revista Clínica Espa?ola, 211 (4), 169-178.Full Text: 2011\Rev Cli Esp211, 169.pdfAbstract: Objectives: No study that analyzes how the investigators who work in the Spanish hospitals perceived and evaluate the current research system has been performed. This work, carried out by the Scientific Forum of the Lilly Foundation, aims to improve the level of information on the research activity performed in the hospitals. Subjects and methods: By means of a “self-administered” interview made up of 34 items and aimed at physicians and other research professionals who work in the Spanish hospitals (272 surveyed), 3 questions were analyzed: a) general situation of biomedical research in Spain; b) administration of available resources: need for better resources, and c) evaluation and giving priority to biomedical research. Results: The use of the data has shown strengths in the system such as the initiatives to promote research through contracts with FIS and post-residency (7.6/10 points); the beneficial effects of research and care quality (7.3/10); or support of the pharmaceutical industry through the sponsoring of clinical trials (6.9/10). However, it has also shown that there are some weaknesses in the organization of the centers, as for example, those referring to the differentiated allocation of the care cost of the research activity (5.1/10); to the coordination between them and the health care centers (2.8/10); to the integration and organization among care, teaching and research (3.6/10); and to decide the priorities (5.2/10) and evaluation (5.2/10) of the research activities. Furthermore, the value of the research as a fundamental activity of the hospitals is emphasized (4.7/10). Conclusions: The investigators surveyed consider that biomedical research in recent decades in the hospital setting has significantly improved and has had a positive effect in the number of publications. The subjects surveyed consider that research should have greater institutional support and recognition, and a more translational orientation, which would be translated into better quality of life of the citizens and registry of patents. (C) 2010 Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.Keywords: Biomedical Research, Biomedicine, Evaluation, Health-Sciences, Perception, Researchers, Science-Citation-Index, Scientific Production, Spanish Hospitals? Rodes, J. (2011), Perception of the physicians regarding the scientific policy in health sciences in Spain. Revista Clínica Espa?ola, 211 (4), 192-193.Full Text: 2011\Rev Cli Esp211, 192.pdf? Aznar, J. and Guerrero, E. (2011), Analysis of the h-index and proposal of a new bibliometric index: The global index. Revista Clínica Espa?ola, 211 (5), 251-256.Full Text: 2011\Rev Cli Esp211, 251.pdfAbstract: The evaluation of the research quality of individuals and institutions is essential for the appropriate use of resources, hiring of staff or the awarding of prizes and recognitions. Bibliometric indicators are especially used for this purpose. The most widely used among them is the impact factor. A new indicator has been introduced recently, the so-called h-index, which is growing in popularity for the evaluation of the quantity and quality of research using a single digit. However; although the h-index is useful, it has its limitations. In this paper, we refer specifically to these limits, stressing that, in our opinion, it is not completely suitable to assess the research quality of professionals who compete in any area. In this respect, we are proposing a new bibliographical index, which we have called the global index. Since it uses information from six bibliometric indicators, we consider that this index is more suitable for comparing the scientific quality of the researchers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Global Factor, h-Index, Impact Factor, Information, Journals, Ranking, Research, Science, ScientistsTitle: Revista de Dialectologia y Tradiciones PopularesFull Journal Title: Revista de Dialectologia y Tradiciones PopularesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-7981Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Medina, F.X. and Sanchez, R. (2002), The last decade of anthropological journals in Spain (1990-2000): An evaluation. Revista de Dialectologia y Tradiciones Populares, 57 (1), 11-28.Abstract: The authors analyze the characteristics of the anthropology journals in Spain in the last decade of the 20th century; they also discuss the situation, problems and survival conditions of these journals as well as the appearance of new ones, in addition, they reflect on the topic covered and avoided in accordance with the trends of the times.Keywords: Anthropology, Authors, Bibliometrics, Characteristics, Evaluation, Journals, Last Decade of the 20th Century, Spain, Survival, Trends? Carretero Perez, A. (2002), Anales-del-Museo-del-Pueblo-Espanol and Anales-del-Museo-Nacional-de-Antropologia. Bibliometric approach. Revista de Dialectologia y Tradiciones Populares, 57 (1), 207-218.Abstract: The author presents a preliminary bibliometric discussion of the journal Anales, originally published by the National Museum of the Spanish people and in recent years by the National Museum of Anthropology after the incorporation of the former museum into the latter. Though at the service of this museum, Anales is open to contributions form outside, which address an increasingly wide range of topics as importance of the journal for Spanish researchers grows.Keywords: National Museum of the Spanish People, National Museum of Ethnology, National Museum of Anthropology, Bibliometric Approach, Spanish Ethnography, Ethnological HeritageTitle: Revista de EnfermeríaFull Journal Title: Revista de EnfermeríaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev EnfermISSN: 0210-5020Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Bou, J.E. (1996), Bibliometric study of articles published in 3 Spanish reviews from 1991 to 1993. Revista de Enfermería, 19 (218), 33-40.Keywords: ReviewsTitle: REM-Revista Escola de MinasFull Journal Title: REM-Revista Escola de MinasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0370-4467Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Calfa, B.A. and Torem, M.L. (2007), Bioreagents - their use in the removal of heavy metals from liquid streams by biosorptionl bioflotation. REM-Revista Escola de Minas, 60 (3), 537-542.Full Text: 2007\REM-Rev Esc Min60, 537.pdfAbstract: The objective of this work is to present a review concerning the use of biomass as bioreagents in the removal of heavy metals while treating liquid effluents. The advantages of using these biosorbents instead of conventional sorbents lie on the cost benefit relations inherent in this recent technology. Algae, bacteria, fungi and biological materials (coconut shells, wood, peat etc.) have shown avidity for metal ion uptaking in aqueous environments and their ubiquity decreases the overall treatment system cost. Research and patent examples are discussed, showing the success of this emergent technology.Keywords: Bioreagents, Biosorption, Liquid Effluents, Biomass, Heavy Metals, Radionuclides, Patents, Aqueous-Solutions, Toxic Metals, Cu(II) Ions, By-Products, Pb(II) Ions, Biomass, Flotation, Cadmium, Chromium(VI), Remediation? Bueno, B.M., Molina, F.F., Torem, M.L., de Mesquita, L.M.S. and Pino, G.A.H. (2009), Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by biosorption with R. opacus. REM-Revista Escola de Minas, 62 (4), 487-494.Full Text: REM-Rev Esc Min62, 487.pdfAbstract: The biosorption of lead ions from aqueous solution by Rhodococcus opacus bacteria was evaluated in this study. The effects of the solution’s pH, biomass concentration, contact time and initial metal concentration were studied it? batch experiments. The results of the kinetics studies revealed that the biosorption of lead on R. opacus cells followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The equilibrium data was analyzed using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The maximum uptake capacity (q(max)) obtained by the Langmuir adsorption model was 94.34 mg.g-1. In the competitive biosorption experiments, the lead removal was affected by the presence of other metal ions in the solution.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Bacteria, Batch, Batch Experiments, Bio-Hydrometallurgy, Biomass, Biomaterial, Biosorption, Capacity, Competitive, Competitive Biosorption, Concentration, Copper(II), Cu(II), Data, Equilibrium, Experiments, Freundlich, Ions, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Lead, Lead Removal, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Models, Pb(II), pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rhodococcus opacus, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Ternary Biosorption, Time, UptakeTitle: Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USPFull Journal Title: Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USPISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Esc Enferm USPISSN: 0080-6234Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? de Figueiredo, R.M., Zem-Mascarenhas, S.H., Napoleao, A.A., Bueno de Camargo, A. and Galera, S.A.F. (2006), Characterization of knowledge production on the patient care system in Brazil. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 40 (2), 299-303.Full Text: 2006\Rev Esc Enf USP40, 299.pdfAbstract: This is a bibliographical study that has as its aim characterizing the Brazilian scientific production on the “Patient Care System” and visualizing its trends. A retrospective bibliogra-phical study (1990-2002) was carried out taking into consideration the items: date, title of the journal, type of research and approach of the publication. Production average was 13.4 publications/year and articles were distributed among 23 journals, with a majority of them dealing with hospitals (63.2%). Cardiology was the theme of 17.6% of the articles, and 78.6% of them were focused on the implementation, development and evaluation of SAE models. NANDA taxonomy was men-tioned in 40.2% of the production, and Wanda Horta in 40.5%. There are still some blanks in this area of knowledge, but the increasing availability of the scientific production on this subject may help professionals in the implementation of the patient care system.Keywords: Approach, Availability, Care, Development, Distributed, Evaluation, Hospitals, Implementation, Journal, Journals, Knowledge, Models, Patient Care, Publication, Research, Scientific Production, Taxonomy, Trends? Reveles, A.G. and Takahashi, R.T. (2007), Health Education to Ostomy Patients: A Bibliometrics Study. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da Usp, 41 (2), 245-250.Abstract: This study has as its objective to identify the scientific studies dealing with the orientation to patients submitted to ostomy published between 1970 to 2004 and to classify them according to quantity, chronology of publication, authors’ function, source, kind of study, topic, origin and key words by using the bibliometrics methodology. A total of 27 publications were collected in the DEDALUS databank, in the LILACS and MEDLINE databases and from a professor of the University of Sao Paulo’s Nursing School (EEUSP, which is a national reference in ostomy in Brazil). Of these, 19 were written by Brazilians and 8 by non-Brazilians; most were written by nurses and enterostomal therapists. Dissertations, theses, orientation manuals, books and articles were found. The origin of the material was academia, laboratories and hospitals. The 1990s concentrated the largest number of studies in this thematic area. All of them have the purpose of elevating patients’ self-esteem in order to make them feel that, even with an ostomy, they can have a normal life. Thus the study concludes that the nurse, as an educator for the ostomy patient, should be acquainted with those publications to improve the assistance he, she provides.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Databases, Health Education., Hospitals, Medline, Methodology, Nursing, Origin, Ostomy, Publication, Publications, UniversityTitle: Revista Espa?ola de Anestesiología y ReanimaciónFull Journal Title: Revista Espa?ola de Anestesiología y ReanimaciónISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Esp Anestesiol ReanimISSN: 0034-9356Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Figueredo, E. and Munoz Blanco, F. (2002), Evaluation and evolution of the scientific production by Spanish anesthesiology departments. Revista Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación, 49 (6), 306-313.Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To count the scientific publications coming from Spanish departments of anesthesiology and rank them by productivity using various bibliometric tools. To examine the evolution of productivity between 1992 and 2001. METHOD: Abstracts of articles from Spanish anesthesiology departments were located on MEDLINE. Hospital departments were ranked by productivity based on number of publications. Other classifications were established based on the international impact of articles measured by “net” impact factor (IF) of the journals and “relative” IF (according to the category assigned by Journal Citation Reports [JCR]). The evolution of scientific productivity was analyzed by five-years periods. RESULTS: We located 644 entries for articles published in Spanish journals and 182 for articles in journals outside Spain. Ten departments of anesthesiology produced 68% of the articles in non-Spanish journals. Hospital Clinic i Provincial in Barcelona was the most productive (55 publications, 27 in foreign journals). Hospital del Mar published articles in journals with the highest IF (mean 2.63). When IF results were adjusted by JCR category, Hospital Clinic i Provincial had the best quantitative and qualitative indexes. Hospital Torrecardenas had the best evolution in scientific productivity in the last five years. CONCLUSION: The scientific productivity of Spanish anesthesiology departments has evolved favorably over the past 10 years, led by Hospital Clinic i Provincial.Keywords: Anesthesiology, Barcelona, Bibliometric, Evolution, Impact, Impact Factor, International, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Objectives, Productivity, Publications, Qualitative, Rank, Scientific Production, Scientific Productivity, Scientific Publications, Spain, Spanish JournalsTitle: Revista Espanola de CardiologiaFull Journal Title: Revista Espa?ola de CardiologíaISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Esp. Cardiol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Esp CardiolISSN: 0300-8932Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: SpainLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Ediciones Doyma S/LPublisher Address: Trav de Gracia 17-21, 08021 Barcelona, SpainSubject Categories:Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems: Impact Factor 0.700, / (2001)? Ejarque, J.H., Lluch, J.O., Munoz, J. and Lopez, S. (1999), The publication of cardiology books in Spain. Bibliometric approach. Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 52 (4), 261-268.Full Text: 1999\Rev Esp Car52, 261.pdfAbstract: Introduction and objectives. We analyze Spanish production of cardiology books published in Spain and put together in the database ISBN between 1988 and 1997.Material and methods. For every book various things are considered: author, year of publication, ISBN classification, language, place published and publishers were analyzed.Results. There are 565 books analyzed which are classified in the database under 27 different classes. The principal class is ‘General pathology. Clinical Medicine. Therapeutics’ with 346 books. The places in which most books were published was Barcelona (46.90%) and Madrid (38.41%). The publishing houses were the ones which published more books (64.07%). 79.46 per cent of the books were originally written in Spanish, with at 20.54 per cent which were translated into by other languages. The ones that were translated were principally English (78.45%) and German (14.66%).Conclusions. These results confirm the tendency observed in other projects and indicate the increase of Spanish publications on cardiology, this is observed over the years. Although, in the years 1996 and 1997 we observe a slight decrease, that we will have to continue analysing with posterior studies to this one; to see if it is an isolated fact or a tendency to the diminution of the production of books published in our country, as a consequence of the evolution of works hn other type of supports.Keywords: Cardiology, Books, Isbn, Bibliometrics, Spain? Zulueta, M.A. and Bordons, M. (1999), Spanish scientific production in cardiovascular research through the Science Citation Index (1990-1996). Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 52 (10), 751-764.Full Text: 1999\Rev Esp Car52, 751.pdfAbstract: Introduction and objectives. A bibliometric analysis of the Spanish scientific production in the Cardiovascular research area constitutes a useful approach to the study of the scientific activity conducted in the field. The most relevant aspects of the research and their evolution over time are analysed. Material and methods. Publications covered by the Science Citation Index database under the heading “cardiovascular system” during the years 1990-1996 and signed by at least one Spanish address were studied. The distribution of the scientific production by geographic areas and institutional sectors was analysed and the most productive centers were identified. Results. During these years, the scientific production in Cardiovascular research showed a growing rate of 83%, slightly lower than that of Biomedicine in Spain. A total of 1,434 documents were analysed (3% of the biomedical production), with 24% of meeting-abstracts. Although the production was concentrated in Madrid (33%) and Cataluna (30%), Cantabria and Navarra emerged when the values were normalised according to either R&D expenditures or population data. The most productive institutional sectors were Hospitals (86%) and Universities (22%). The most productive centres were identified, as well as their growth rate, their activity index and the average impact factor of the journals used. More than 50% of the documents were performed in collaboration among different centres. International collaboration showed an upward trend (from 16% to 21%). Conclusions. Spanish Cardiovascular research showed an increasing international visibility over the studied period, as shown by the growing number of publications in the Science Citation Index database, the up-rising trend towards high-impact-factor journals, and the ever-growing collaboration of Spanish authors with foreign partners.Keywords: Analysis, Approach, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biomedical, Cardiovascular, Collaboration, Data, Database, Distribution, Evolution, Expenditures, Field, Growth, Growth Rate, Impact, Impact Factor, Index, International, Journals, Methods, Population, Publications, Research, Science Citation Index, Scientific Production, Spain, Spanish Scientific Production, Trend, Visibility? Bordons, M. and Zulueta, M.A. (1999), Evaluation of scientific activity through bibliometric indicators. Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 52 (10), 790-800.Full Text: 1999\Rev Esp Car52, 790.pdfAbstract: The scope of bibliometric studies is the treatment and quantitative analysis of scientific publications. They belong to the so-called ‘social studies of science’, and science policy constitutes one of its main applied fields. These studies efficiently complement the opinions and judgements of experts, thus providing objective and useful tools for evaluating the results of scientific activity.Nevertheless, given the impact that these evaluations have on the assignment of funding for research and even on the professional career of investigators, it becomes essential to know in detail the characteristics of bibliometric indicators and the limitations of their use.The Science Citation Index database is one of the most employed. In the case of biomedical research it is useful to analyze the most internationally visible scientific production, since it satisfactorily covers biomedical journals; however, clinical research with local interest published in Spanish journals is not included in that database.Widely employed bibliometric indicators are those measuring scientific activity through the number of publications, those based on the citations received by published studies and, in between them, the impact of journals. The impact factor is an indicator very used in bibliometric studies; though occasionally a high impact factor is assumed to reflect high quality, this indicator specifically measures visibility and diffusion of the works published by these journals rather than their scientific quality.Keywords: Bibliometric, Biomedicine, Science-Citation-Index, Basic Research, Biomedicine? Bordons, M. and Zulueta, M.A. (2002), Interdisciplinarity of Spanish cardiovascular research teams. Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 55 (9), 900-912.Full Text: 2002\Rev Esp Car55, 900.pdfAbstract: Objectives. The incidence of interdisciplinarity (ID) in Spanish cardiovascular research teams was analyzed and scientists’ opinions about interdisciplinary relationships were examined. Methods. The data analyzed were obtained in a survey sent in 1999 to a sample of 310 researchers. They were selected using bibliometric techniques and, or for being research project leaders in recent years. Results. The response rate was 61%. Data were obtained from 130 research teams located mainly in Madrid and Catalonia. Teams doing clinical research (81%) and those working in hospitals (64%) predominated. Different facets of the interdisciplinary nature of the teams were analyzed: scientist training, team composition, behavior patterns, collaboration, and publication and reading habits. A high ID was observed in the area: more than 70% of the teams are interdisciplinary according to the training of scientists, around 80% make use of knowledge or techniques from other disciplines, and around 90% read and publish in journals outside their own disciplines. Basic research teams had a higher ID than clinical ones. A total of 37 highly interdisciplinary teams were identified. These teams had a greater tendency towards collaboration. Conclusions. Interdisciplinary reading and publishing habits were the norm among Spanish researchers, even in single-discipline groups. The scattered,, nature of teams, their high rate of external collaborations, and the multidisciplinary context of centers enhance interdisciplinary relationships. Administrative barriers do not seem to be a major obstacle to establishing interdisciplinary contacts.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Techniques, Biomedical-Research, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular System, Collaboration, FIS, Hospitals, Interdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinary Relationships, Journals, Knowledge, Publication, Publishing, Questionnaires, Research, Research Personnel, Research Projects, Science, Survey, Training? Benavent, R.A., Zurian, J.C.V., Gomez, M.C., Miguel-Dasit, A., Melendez, R.S. and Molina, C.N. (2004), National and international impact factor of Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología. Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 57 (12), 1241-1244.Full Text: 2004\Rev Esp Car57, 1241.pdfAbstract: The aim of this paper is to present the bibliometric indicators for REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGlA that were obtained from the,Potential impact factor of Spanish medical journals in 2001, study financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte. Citations to REVISTA ESPA?OLA DE CARDIOLOG?A, its national and international impact factor, and its immediacy index were calculated with methods similar to those used by the Institute for Scientific Information. National indicators were based only on citations from 87 Spanish journals considered source journals, whereas international indicators were calculated on the basis of citations from both national journals and foreign source journals in the Science Citation Index. REVISTA ESPA?OLA DE CARDIOLOG?A obtained a national impact factor of 0.719 and an international impact factor of 0.837, placing it at the head of the ranking of Spanish medical journals.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citations, Consumption, Immediacy Index, Impact Factor, Information, Institute for Scientific Information, Journals, Medical Journals, Quality, Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, Science Citation Index, Scientific Activity, Spanish Medical Journals? Valderas, J.M., Mendivil, J., Parada, A., Losada-Yanez, M. and Alonso, J. (2006), Development of a geographic filter for PubMed to identify studies performed in Spain. Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 59 (12), 1244-1251.Full Text: 2006\Rev Esp Car59, 1244.pdfAbstract: Introduction and objectives. The increasing size of the PubMed (Medline) database has made it necessary to develop specific tools for information retrieval (i.e., filters). The current configuration of the Limits option in PubMed does not enable searches to be limited according to geographic criteria. Our objectives, therefore, were a) to develop a geographic filter for the retrieval from PubMed of studies performed in the Spanish population, and b) to assess its performance. Methods. A second-generation filter was constructed by reviewing previous strategies. It involved the selection of three types of record that included: a) the term Spain in different languages; b) Spanish place names (i.e., mainly those of autonomous regions and provinces), and c) acronyms for health services in autonomous regions. The performance of the filter (i.e., its sensitivity and specificity) was assessed in a representative sample (i.e., clinical trials indexed in PubMed under the MeSH term Myocardial Infarction) by comparison with the results of a manual search (the gold standard). In addition, the filter’s performance was also evaluated by comparing it with a simple search for the term Spain[ad]. Results. Use of the filter retrieved 74 (98.7%) of the relevant references. The sensitivity (88.1%) was higher than that of the simple search strategy (45.8%), and excellent specificity (100%) was achieved in both cases. Conclusions. A geographic filter has been developed for identifying studies in PubMed that involve the Spanish population.Keywords: Acute Myocardial-Infarction, Articles, Bibliographic Standards, Bibliometrics, Biomedicine, Clinical, Clinical Trials, Clinical-Trials, Comparison, Current, Databases, DEC, Evidence-Based Medicine, Filter, Gold, Health, Health Services, Impact, Information, Information Retrieval, Information Retrieval Standards, Information Storage Standards, Information Systems, Information-Retrieval Technology, Languages, Made, Medline, Organizational Affiliation, Performance, Population, Publication Standards, Publications, Quality, Selection, Sensitivity, Sensitivity and Specificity, Size, Spain, Spanish Scientific Production, Specificity, Standard, Strategies, Strategy, Tools? Cami, J. (2007), Notes on the bibliometric context of Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología. Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 60 (2), 101-103.Full Text: 2007\Rev Esp Car60, 101.pdfKeywords: Bibliometric? Heras, M., Avanzas, P., Bayes-Genis, A., de Isla, L.P. and Sanchis, J. (2010), Annual summary 2010: Bibliometric data, activities, and new production of the journal. Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 63 (12), 1501-1509.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Car63, 1501.pdfKeywords: Annual Scientific Sessions, Cardiology Working Group, Disease, Hypertension, Management, Official Report, Pulmonary-Circulation, Revista Espanola, Right Heart, Spanish Society? Benavent, R.A., Arroyo, A.A., Sanchez, M.A., Pizarro, M.B., Heras, M., Alcalde, G.G., Miguel, C.M., Molina, C.N., Cogollos, L.C., Zurian, J.C.V., Gasco, F.J.C., Martinez, V.B., Taboada, M.J.S., Celemin, L.P., Perez-Villacastin, J., Fillat, A.C., Roman, A.V., Zaldumbide, E.L. and Cabedo, S.M. (2011), Evolution and scientific impact of research grants from the Spanish society of cardiology and Spanish heart foundation (2000-2006). Revista Espa?ola de Cardiología, 64 (10), 904-915.Full Text: 2011\Rev Esp Car64, 904.pdfAbstract: Introduction and objectives: The Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia (Spanish Society of Cardiology) every year awards grants to finance research in the field of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of these investments during the period 2000-2006 from the subsequently published articles in scientific journals. Methods: Using the identifying data of each project as search terms, all articles that resulted from these grants were located in the Spanish Indice Medico Espanol and Indice Bibliografico Espanol en Ciencias de la Salud databases, and in Science Citation Index-Expanded and Scopus. Descriptive statistical analysis of these articles included type of grant, number and amount awarded per year, and the recipient’s sex and institutional affiliation. Results: The Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia awarded (sic)3 270 877 to 207 recipients, an average annual total of (sic)467 268. We identified 231 publications that resulted from 123 (59.42%) of these grants. The average number of articles per grant awarded was 1.12, and 1.9 when taking into account only the awards that led to publication. Conclusions: During the period 2000 to 2006, the Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia/Fundacion Espanola del Corazon (Spanish Heart Foundation) provided about 500 000 per year to fund research grants, thereby contributing to the fight against cardiovascular diseases. Almost 60% of grants have led to publications, 73% of which were published in international journals, and 91.34% in national or international journals with an impact factor in the Journal Citation Reports. Full English text available from: (C) 2011 Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.Keywords: Academic Medicine, Affiliation, Analysis, Cardiology, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research, Citation, Databases, Disease, English, Evolution, Faculty, Gender, Impact, Impact Factor, Institutes-of-Health, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Methods, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Reports, Research, Research Grants, Science, Scientific Production, Scopus, Sex, Spanish Society of Cardiology, Statistical, Students, Subsequent Publications, TrendsTitle: Revista Espanola de Documentacion CientificaFull Journal Title: Revista Espa?ola de Documentación CientíficaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0210-0614Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Alcain, M. and San Millan, M. (1993), Use and trends of the bibliometric techniques in social sciences and humanities on an international level. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 16 (1), 30-41.Full Text: 1993\Rev Esp Doc Cie16, 30.pdfAbstract: The results presented previously (M.D. Alcain, A. Mata, 1990), are placed in an international context in order to study the trends and characteristics in other countries and in that way to be able to compare the results with those obtained earlier. The documents were obtained from the main international databases, and cover e.g. library and information science-documentation as well as social and human sciences. The study covers the period 1981-1990. Scientific production, geographic origin, chronological evolution, thematic orientation are analyzed. Results are compared among the different disciplines. The studies published in journals specializing in library and information science-documentation are analyzed in greater detail. Since a large part of those studies are oriented towards productivity of authors and journals, and concerning the state of the art of one particular discipline or area, there exists a great dispersion among the publications. The results also show that there exist differences among the various disciplines studied.Keywords: Art, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Techniques, Characteristics, Context, Databases, Dispersion, Evolution, Human, Humanities, Information, International, Journals, Origin, Productivity, Publications, Sciences, Social, Social Sciences, State, Techniques, Trends? Lamus, J. (1996), Evaluation of the rank command as a tool for the bibliometric analysis. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 19 (2), 163-187.Full Text: 1996\Rev Esp Doc Cie19, 163.pdfAbstract: The paper describes the techniques used in the evaluation of the rank command available in the Dialog System, as a tool for bibliometric analysis to be applied to the patent documents in the area of horizontal drilling, of the World Patent Index database. This command can show statistical trends from the search results, which were analyzed during 1980-1994. Fields were selected according to the type of information required; countries, companies and researchers with the major R&D efforts in the horizontal drilling technology; and the most cited patent was analyzed. The analysis of selected fields indicates the possibility of combining and ordering alphabetically and decreasingly the partial results of the rank command. Likewise, it is possible to obtain the desired records in a continuous manner and to work at the same time with two of the options mentioned. With regard to some of the limitations, this command can be only applied to certain fields of the database and not to two fields simultaneously.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Database, Evaluation, Information, Options, Patent, Rank, Records, Techniques, Technology, Trends, Work? Franco, M.R.R. and Roche, S.R. (1999), Studies and notes - Twenty years of historic production on the Spanish civil war (1975- 1995): A bibliometric approach. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 22 (2), 174-197.Full Text: 1999\Rev Esp Doc Cie22, 174.pdf? Saavedra-Fernández, ?., Sotolongo-Aguilar, G. and Guzmán-Sánchez, M., V. (2002), Measuring the scientific output in Latin American and Caribbean countries in agriculture: A bibliometric study. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 25 (2), 151-161.Full Text: 2002\Rev Esp Doc Cie25, 151.pdfAbstract: Twenty-two science and technology indicators from twenty countries, compiled by RICyT were used in an exploratory data analysis about the performance of the countries of the region in the field of agriculture. Caribbean countries exhibit better performance compared with the rest. Results suggest the idea of widening the scope of such analysis for a larger time span.Keywords: Agriculture, American, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Caribbean, Data, Data Analysis, Exploratory Data Analysis, Field, Indicators, Latin American, Performance, Science, Science and Technology, Scientific Output, Scope, Technology, Time? Sanz, E., Castro, F., Povedano, E., Hernández, A., Martín, C., Morillo-Velarde, J., García-Zorita, C., de la Nuez, J. and Fuentes, M. (2002), A citation index of Spanish humanities journals to study the scientific activity of researchers in these disciplines. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 25 (4), 443-454.Full Text: 2002\Rev Esp Doc Cie25, 443.pdfAbstract: Bibliometric studies based on the analysis of citations have proved interesting in the evaluation of scientific activity from different perspectives. Their use, however, depends on access to data on the bibliography referenced by authors in their papers, information that is rarely included in databases. In fact, the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) is the only institution whose databases contain the bibliographic references cited in the papers indexed (Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index) and their coverage of scientific literature published outside Anglo-Saxon countries is limited, particularly in the area of humanities. For this reason, a multidisciplinary group at Madrid’s Carlos III University undertook a pilot project designed to create a citation index of Spanish humanities journals, specifically in the area of History, to analyse a number of aspects relating to scientific activity in this discipline, such as the authors and sources most often cited, typology of the documentation used, obsolescence of the information or their knowledge of languages. These issues were analysed based on nearly 25.000 bibliographic references cited in papers published by selected Spanish history journals in 1997 and 1998.Keywords: Access, Analysis, Bibliography, Citation, Citations, Coverage, Data, Databases, Documentation, Evaluation, History, Humanities, Index, Information, Institute for Scientific Information, ISI, Journals, Knowledge, Languages, Literature, Multidisciplinary, Obsolescence, Papers, Pilot, Science Citation Index, Scientific Literature, Sources? Molteni, V. and Zulueta, M. (2002), International visibility of Argentinian scientific output in SSCI and A&HCI databases in 1990-2000: A bibliometric study. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 25 (4), 455-465.Full Text: 2002\Rev Esp Doc Cie25, 455.pdfAbstract: Results of research on Social Sciences and Humanities are published in a wide variety of document types and have a more restricted scope than those derived from research in Natural and Experimental Sciences. Therefore, building up bibliometric indicators, useful for the analysis and evaluation of that type of research as well as for establishing comparative studies at the international level, becomes a hard task. Our study constitutes one of the first attempts to explore the research carried out on Social Sciences and Humanities in Argentina during a ten-year period (1990-2000). The indicators employed, based on counting publications covered by the Social Sciences Citation Index and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index databases, reveal publication habits, the most commonly used journals and the most productive disciplines of Argentinian researchers. An increasing number of publications along the studied period is noteworthy. Results indicate the absence of a collaboration pattern in the field of Humanities, as compared to the higher cooperation rate in the area of Social Sciences, particularly due to international collaborations.Keywords: Analysis, Argentina, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Study, Building, Collaboration, Cooperation, Databases, Evaluation, Field, First, Indicators, International, Journals, Pattern, Publication, Publications, Research, Scientific Output, Scope, SSCI, Visibility? Jorge, R. and Ruiz, J. (2004), Cuban scientific output in the Spanish bibliography of science and technology 1995-2001. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 27 (4), 469-481.Full Text: 2004\Rev Esp Doc Cie27, 469.pdfAbstract: The present work is a bibliometric analysis about the Cuban scientific output in the Spanish bibliography of science and technology. The registers were obtained from the Spanish index of science and technology (ICYT), CD-ROM version, comprised in the period from 1995 to 2001, whenever a Cuban institution is identified in the affiliation. The bibliometric indicators used in the study were the annual scientific production of the researchers, the co-authorship index, and the inter-institutional cooperation. Total count was used in the analysis of the individual productivity. A total of 958 articles with Cuban authors were published in 103 Spanish serials. The average number of authors per article was 3,62, with an increasing trend. Half of the most productive authors is from the Food Industry Research Institute (IIIA). Spanish authors participated in 73% of the international co-operations with Cuba. A study about the Spanish medical index (IME) and the Spanish index of social sciences and humanities (ISOC) is necessary to have a general overview of the Cuban scientific production in the Spanish literature in science and technology, medicine and society.Keywords: Affiliation, Analysis, Bibliography, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, CD-ROM, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Cooperation, General, Humanities, IME, Index, Indicators, International, Literature, Medical, Medicine, Productivity, Science, Science and Technology, Sciences, Scientific Output, Scientific Production, Serials, Social, Social Sciences, Society, Technology, Trend, Version, Work? Ruiz, M.V., Fernández, A., Sánchez, ?., Rodríguez, M. and Cano, A. (2005), Scientific output on multicultural education covered by Social Sciences Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 28 (2), 206-220.Full Text: 2005\Rev Esp Doc Cie28, 206.pdfAbstract: This paper is an inquiry into the productivity on multicultural education using a list of documents retrieved from two databases of Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Philadelphia, Social Sciences Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index during the period 1956 to 2003. Scientometrics indicators relative to longitudinal production, authors and institutional productivity, journal and citations patterns are offered, which allowed a description of the international production in this educational field and to establish evaluative inferences.Keywords: Citations, Databases, Education, Field, Indicators, Institute for Scientific Information, International, ISI, Journal, Longitudinal, Productivity, Scientometrics? Reyes-Barragán, M., Guerrero-Bote, V. and Moya-Anegón, F. (2006), International visibility of research in Extremadura region (1990-2002). Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 29 (4), 525-550.Full Text: 2006\Rev Esp Doc Cie29, 525.pdfAbstract: An overview is given of research in the Extremadura Autonomous Community (EAC) on the basis of the study of different parameters in different thematic domains. To this end, an analysis is made of the intensity of technological research and development (R&D) on the one hand, and of the scientific output in the period 1990-2002, using the ISI databases. Socioeconomic and bibliometric indicators are used to show the relationship between the resources invested in R&D and the results obtained, and the positioning of the EAC in different geographical contexts. The EAC is found to follow patterns of behaviour and trends that are similar to those of other geographical domains, and with a quite acceptable level of return on investment in R&D.Keywords: Analysis, Behaviour, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Databases, Development, Indicators, ISI, Research, Research and Development, Scientific Output, Trends, Visibility? De Filippo, D., Morillo, F. and Fernández, M.T. (2008), Indicators of scientific collaboration between CSIC and Latin America through international databases. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 31 (1), 66-84.Full Text: 2008\Rev Esp Doc Cie31, 66.pdfAbstract: This work is based on the analysis of scientific collaboration between the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) and Latin America, in order to study the thematic cooperation and the development of scientific networks. The analysis is significant since CSIC is the Spanish institution with the highest co-authorship with Latin America. Results show that the use of WoS instead of CD ROM increases by 22% the region’s visibility, due to the inclusion of new Chemistry and Materials Science journals. Universities are the main contributors to the relationship between CSIC and Latin America and a strong cooperation in the Physics and Chemistry areas is observed. Activity and impact indicators show that Physics is the strongest point in the CSIC-Latin America collaboration. Network analysis by area shows the institutional connections in each one of them and their different structure. Through citation analysis, a positive relationship between impact and number of participating countries can be detected, revealing the importance of collaboration.Keywords: Advantages, Analysis, Authored Papers, Bibliometric Indicators, CD, CD-ROM, Citation, Citation Analysis, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Cooperation, CSIC, Databases, Development, Impact, Indicators, International, Journals, Latin America, Networks, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Structure, Visibility, Web of Science, Work? Casaubón, J.M.M., Guerrero, I.M.F., Montoya, J.A.G. and Cano, A.F. (2008), The Spanish odontological research in Science Citation Index Database: A scientometric study (1974-2006). Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 31 (2), 169-189Full Text: 2008\Rev Esp Doc Cie31, 169.pdfKeywords: 1974-2006, Dentistry, Productivity and Citation Indicators, Research, Science Citation Index, Scientometric, Scientometrics Study, Spain? Rojas-Sola, J.I., Navarrete-Cortés, J., Fernández-López, J.A. and Chaichio-Moreno, J.A. (2008), Scientific production in the graphic expression in engineering area at the Spanish universities: An approach to ISI Database. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 31 (2), 190-204.Full Text: 2008\Rev Esp Doc Cie31, 190.pdfAbstract: This article shows the result of an original bibliometric study on the area of Graphic Expression in Engineering, which is present in Spanish Universities with engineering studies. It has two objectives: firstly, to guide lecturers who have yet to publish articles in ISI databases, indicating the principal categories of journals where other lecturers in the same area have published articles, as well as the categories of cited journals, that is, the source of information. Secondly, it aims to show to the University Authorities the limited situation of the area in Spain, in order that these Authorities give more support to the area.Keywords: Approach, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Study, Databases, Engineering, Engineering Graphics, Expression, Impact Factors, Information, ISI, Journals, Source, Spain, Support, Tomography, Universities? Costas, R. and Bordons, M. (2008), Development of a thematic filter for the bibliometric delimitation on interdisciplinary area: The case of Marine Science. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 31 (2), 261-272.Full Text: 2008\Rev Esp Doc Cie31, 261.pdfAbstract: In this methodological note, the recall and precision of a mixed thematic filter developed for the delimitation of the Marine Science area by means of specialised journals and keywords is analysed, and its efficiency is compared with a delimitation based only on scientific journals. The scientific production of Marine Science in Spain during 1994-2004 as covered by SCI, SSCI & AHCI is analysed. A high precision (96%) but a very low recall (close to 30%) is obtained by the delimitation strategy based only on scientific journals. The mixed filter presents a lower precision (69%) but a higher recall (around 75%). The journal-based delimitation provides an incomplete view of the area in which high-impact documents published in journals of other disciplines are ignored. The interest of developing advanced filters for the delimitation of scientific areas and the importance of expert opinions in order to obtain a balance between precision and recall are stressed.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Developing, Efficiency, Information Retrieval, Interdisciplinary, Journals, Marine Science, Opinions, Output, Precision, Recall, SCI, Scientific Journals, Scientific Production, Spain, SSCI, Subfields, Subject Classification, Thematic Delimitation? Costas, R., Moreno, L. and Bordons, M. (2008), Overlapping and singularity of MEDLINE, WoS and IME for the analysis of the scientific activity of a region in Health Sciences. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 31 (3), 327-343.Full Text: 2008\Rev Esp Doc Cie31, 327.pdfAbstract: The inclusion of a single affiliation address-in MEDLINE bibliographic records is a well-known important limitation for the use of this database for bibliometric purposes. This paper provides quantitative data regarding the effects of this limitation on the quantity and impact of the scientific production of a Spanish region measured via MEDLINE. It is estimated that 1/3 of the papers produced by this region cannot be identified in this database because the region does not appear in the affiliation address. Moreover, the impact of the region, tends to be undervalued since these collaborative papers are published in “better” journals and receive more citations than many other publications.Keywords: Affiliation, Analysis, Bibliographic Databases, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Citation-Index, Citations, Collaboration, Coverage, Data, Database, Databases, Health Sciences, IME, Impact, Information, Institutional Address, Journals, Limitation, MEDLINE, Overlapping, Papers, Publications, Records, Scientific Production, Singularity, Web of Science? Alcaide, G.G., Gómez, M.C., Zurián, J.C.V. and Benavent, R.A. (2008), Scientific literature by Spanish authors on the analysis of citations and impact factor in Biomedicine (1981-2005). Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 31 (3), 344-365.Full Text: 2008\Rev Esp Doc Cie31, 344.pdfAbstract: This paper analyses the development of Spanish research literature in the field of citation analysis and impact factor (IF) in biomedicine over the period 1981-2005. Bibliometric methods and social network analysis were used to examine papers indexed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-Expanded), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), MEDLINE, Indice Medico Espanol (IME) and Indice de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (ISOC) databases. 184 papers were identified, 79.89% of which were original research articles. Only four of these papers had been published before the 1990s. The mid 1990s saw a remarkable increase in the number of papers published (8-14 papers/year) with the highest productivity being reached from 2002 onwards (14-25 papers/year). The IME and SCI-Expanded/SSCI databases were those recording the largest numbers of papers, both in absolute (67.93% and 40.76 respectively) and singularity terms (42.39% and 21.74% respectively). The detected papers were published in 76 Biomedical and Documentation journals (82.06% and 15.22% respectively). The most productive authors were identified along with the main co-authorships and institutional collaboration networks operating in the field. These results are related to the importance of impact factor at both national and international level.Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Biomedicine, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Collaboration, Collaboration Networks, Databases, Development, Field, IME, Impact, Impact Factor, Index, International, Journals, Limitations, Literature, MEDLINE, Methods, Network, Network Analysis, Networks, Papers, Productivity, Quality, Research, Sciences, Scientific Publications, Singularity, Social, Social Network Analysis, Spain, SSCI? Olmeda-Gómez, C., Ovalle-Perandones, M.A., Perianes-Rodríguez, A. and de Moya-Anegón, F. (2008), International research impact and scientific collaboration of universities from Catalonia. 2000-2004. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 31 (4), 591-611.Full Text: 2008\Rev Esp Doc Cie31, 591.pdfAbstract: The aim of the present study was to analyse the scientific production of Catalonian universities over the period 2000-2004. Scientific activity, visibility, impact, research potential, citations, self-citations, regional and international collaboration indices are provided for each university. The empirical evidence shows a stratified university system exists, with no clear specializations in research activity. A diagram is presented to show the collaboration of Catalan universities with international institutions. As a whole, they prefer to collaborate with institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy, and obtain better visibility when publishing with English-speaking authors.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric Indicators, Catalonia, Citations, Co-Authorship, Collaboration, France, Germany, Impact, International Collaboration, Italy, Publishing, Research, Research Activity, Research Outputs, Research Performance, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Production, System, United Kingdom, United States, Universities, University, Visibility? Moreno-Cabo, M. and Solaz-Portolés, J.J. (2008), A bibliometric study on the publications related to the pendulum between 1629 and 1885. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 31 (4), 639-645.Full Text: 2008\Rev Esp Doc Cie31, 639.pdfAbstract: This paper reports a bibliometric analysis of a bibliography of works on the pendulum. Indicators of scientific activity were determined, including number of publications, author productivity, and collaborations. In addition, the percentages of works in the different majority languages (French, Latin, Italian, English and German) were calculated. The results show that: a) the growth of the number of works in the analysed period was exponential; b) author productivity did not follow Lotka’s law; c) the number of signing authors per work is very low (index 1.1); c) French retained its linguistic hegemony for almost the entire period examined (1629-1885); d) Latin, which was very powerfully represented until the end of the 18(th) century, disappeared in the 19(th) century, coinciding with the spectacular growth of English and German. The change in the languages employed in these works is analysed with respect to the historical contexts of the corresponding countries.Keywords: Activity, Analysis, Author Productivity, Authors, Bibliography, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Change, Collaboration in Publication, Collaborations, French, Growth, Index, Languages, Languages of Publication, Law, Majority, Number of Publications, Number of Signing Authors per Work, Pendulum, Productivity, Publications, Respect, Work? Fernández, M., Zamora, H., Ortega, J.L., Utrilla, A.M. and Aguillo, I.F. (2009), Gender and Web visibility of Spanish university scholars: A case study of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 32 (2), 51-65.Full Text: 2009\Rev Esp Doc Cie32, 51.pdfAbstract: This work analyses bow Spanish university scholars are adopting The use of the Internet, focusing on the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. The web visibility of the works published by the university scholars was examined, and a comparison made of the observed gender pattern with, that apparent in bibliometric studies. The publications of 289 of the university’s associate professors That appeared in 2006 were examined, as was their possession -or not- of a personal Web page, and whether the academic repository of the university (Complutense F Prints) Contained at least one of their works. The number of scholars with a personal page was very low; those of the Social Sciences and Humanities were better represented. Women scholars were more poorly represented than men in this respect. Also, the amount of work?, deposited in the E-Prints repository was found to be very low. No differences were seen between men and women with respect to visibility.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Bibliometrics, Gender, Gender Studies, Indicators, Internet, Professors, Publications, University, Visibility, Web, Webometrics? Bordons, M., Sancho, R., Morillo, F. and Gómez, I. (2010), Scientific activity profile of Spanish universities in four thematic areas: A multifactor analysis. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 33 (1), 9-33.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Doc Cie33, 9.pdfAbstract: The activity of Spanish universities was analysed in terms of input data, scientific output, structural factors and regional development data, with the aim of exploring relationships between these variables. Special interest was paid to the different behaviour of universities with regard to their areas of activity, focusing on, Chemistry, Engineering Social Sciences and Human Sciences. Differences were detected in publication and collaboration patterns depending on the area of activity. The influence of factors such as the size and age of universities on their performance was examined, as was the effect of their degree of specialisation and the level of industrial development of their environment.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Chemistry, Co-Authorship, Collaboration, Environment, Indicators, Publication, Research Institutes, Research Performance, Scientific Output, Spanish Universities, Subject Specialisation, Universities, University? Valcárcel, J.V., Devís-Devís, J., Villamón, M. and Peiró-Velert, C. (2010), Scientific cooperation in the field of physical activity and sport science in Spain. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 33 (1), 90-105.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Doc Cie33, 90.pdfAbstract: This study examines scientific cooperation through co-authorship patterns in a sample of Spanish academic Physical Activity and Sport Science (PASS) journals. It also examines the main research groups and disciplines of the multidisciplinary PASS field. The frequency and percentage of jointly authored articles, and the number of authors per paper, were analysed. Cooperative network analysis was performed for the most productive authors to identify research groups, and the group density was calculated to reveal group cohesion. Production. was also analysed by discipline. Single-authored publications were fewer than co-authored publications in most of the journals and disciplines examined. The average number of authors per article was 2.5. Fifteen research groups were identified, the lager ones being the most productive and less cohesive. Cooperation with foreign researchers was modest and mostly limited to South American authors. Teaching and training theory were the most productive disciplines. The results highlight the trend towards cooperation that has been observed over recent years, in PASS, but cooperation in terms of the number of co-authors per article remains rather low, as does the number of research groups identified.Keywords: 20th-Century, Articles, Authorship, Bibliometric Analysis, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship Networks, Collaboration, Groups, Journals, Network Analysis, Patterns, Physical Activity and Sport Science, Publications, Research, Research Groups, Researchers, Scholarly Communication, Science, Scientific Cooperation, Spain, Theory, Training, Trends? Campanario, J.M. and Candelario, A. (2010), The influence of self citations in the increase of impact factor in Social Sciences journals. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 33 (2), 185-200.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Doc Cie33, 185.pdfAbstract: In this work we study the effect of journal self citations in the increase of impact factor of journals indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index from 1998 to 2007. Two sets of journals are studied: 63 journals in which the impact factor increased after four successive decreases and 23 journals in which the impact factor increased in at least six successive years during the period studied. The main variable is the percentage of journal self citations that contribute to impact factor No proof was found of widespread manipulation of the impact factor as a result of the high level of use of self citations in journals.Keywords: Citation, Citations, Decisions, Editors, Impact Factor, Index, Journals, Labeled Editorial Material, Sciences, Self Citations, Self-Citations? Dorta-González, P. and Dorta-González, M.I. (2010), Bibliometric indicator based on the h-index. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 33 (2), 225-245.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Doc Cie33, 225.pdfAbstract: The h index has become one of the most widely used bibliometric indicators for estimating the success of researchers and predicting the impact of their work in the future. This is mainly due to its simplicity, since it is a single indicator that combines production and impact, and can easily be determined by any researcher It also eliminates the bias caused by the long tail of citation distribution. However, this indicator has limitations, in that it jails to discriminate between researchers with different publishing habits and, as a result, it penalizes those with a more selective output characterized by a relatively low number of frequently cited documents, as opposed to authors with a high number of publications. This paper proposes a solution that would take into consideration the citations of those publications with a high probability of increasing the future h index values.Keywords: h-index, Citation Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Scholarly Evaluation, Scientific-Research? Gonzalez-Alcaide, G. (2010), Authorship, collaboration and citation patterns of biomedical journals published in Spain and included in Journal Citation Reports (2003-2007). Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 33 (3), 397-427.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Doc Cie33, 397.pdfAbstract: A bibliometric analysis of Spanish biomedical journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports database between 2003 and 2007 was carried out. 12.335 papers were analysed, 86.4% published in eleven Spanish language journals and 13.59% published in five English language journals. The great majority of Spanish language journals are official publications of Spanish medical societies which represent for their members an important channel for scholarly communication. The Spanish language journals revealed a notable number of Spanish research groups (n = 525), 85.8% of published papers caine from health care institutions, and the prevalent type of collaboration was domestic and regional. Furthermore, the study reveals that higher levels of citation are associated with papers published by the aforementioned research groups, those having a greater degree of collaboration, and those that had at least one woman participating. On the other hand, English language journals are focused on basic research and only publish articles or reviews. Their productivity rate is lower; but they have a higher level of international participation and outstanding citation rates. 87.62% of papers from these journals were published by researchers from academic institutions. Collaboration on the international level ranges between 16% and 22% of the total.Keywords: Authorship, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Biomedicine, Citation, Citation Indicators, Impact Factor, Journal, Neurological Journals, Publications, Research, Scholarly Journals, Scientific Collaboration, Spain? Fernández-Quijada, D. (2010), The profile of Spanish journals in the field of communication (2007-2008). Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 33 (4), 553-581.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Doc Cie33, 553.pdfAbstract: The evolution of parameters for scholarly publications and of academic requirements in Spain has resulted in changes to scholarly journals, among others, those in the field of communication sciences. This article characterizes the core Spanish communication journals according to variables such as the number of published articles, language, author institution and collaboration networks, and citation patterns during 2007-2008. By applying bibliometric techniques and social network analysis, a profile showing similarities and differences among the journals is obtained, as well as a profile of the overall system.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Techniques, Bibliometrics, Business, Changes, Citation, Citation Patterns, Collaboration, Collaboration Networks, Communication, Communication Studies, Electronic-Media, Evolution, Field, Journals, Network, Network Analysis, Networks, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Scholarly Journals, Scholarly Production, Sciences, Social, Social Network Analysis, Spain, Spanish Journals, Techniques? Maz-Machado, A., Torralbo-Rodríguez, M., Vallejo-Ruiz, M. and Bracho-López, R. (2010), Bibliometric analysis of scholarly production from the University of Malaga in the Social Sciences Citation Index (1998-2007). Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 33 (4), 582-599.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Doc Cie33, 582.pdfAbstract: A bibliometric analysis was performed of the scholarly production of the University of Malaga published during 1998-2007 in journals indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (as accessed through the Web of Science). This paper examines productivity and chronological distribution, national and international collaboration, scientific production by departments, and the journals in which articles were published. The results reveal a slight increase in productivity, as well as a slightly higher level of co-authorship (2.85) than the average for social sciences in Spain, along with a good level of collaboration with national and foreign academic institutions.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Distribution, Institutions, International, Journals, Productivity, Scholarly and Bibliographic Production, Scholarly Production, Science, Sciences, Scientific Production, Social, Social Sciences, Social Sciences Citation Index, Spain, University, University of Malaga, Web of Science? Alonso-Arroyo, A., Bola?os-Pizarro, M., González-Alcaide, G., Villamón, M. and eixandre-Benavent, R. (2010), Gender analysis, scholarly productivity and collaboration of female university professors of Health Science in the Autonomous Region of Valencia (2003-2007). Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 33 (4), 624-642.Full Text: 2010\Rev Esp Doc Cie33, 624.pdfAbstract: The article presents an analysis of the scholarly output of female professors in the field of Health Science in the Autonomous Region of Valencia from 2003 to 2007, through bibliometric techniques and the application of a gender variable. The work attempted to identify how many women became large producers of scholarly articles compared to those who did not reach the same levels of productivity and impact. A total of 3,739 articles were retrieved during this period and the gender of all authors with more than 2 articles was identified. Of these authors 2,774 (60.41%) were male and 1,818 (39.59%) were female. Focusing solely on large producers, the percentage of women publishing more than 10 papers was reduced to 26.72%. As regards to scientific collaboration, it is significant to note that women are included in all clusters of at least 10 authors and in some cases their presence is comparable with that of men. Although women’s participation is lower than men’s in all areas of knowledge, it is noteworthy that in Health Sciences the difference is not as great as in other technical areas. Women’s contribution to the scientific field is increasing, suggesting the possibility of a significant improvement in gender parity in the coining years.Keywords: Analysis, Application, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Techniques, Bibliometrics, Collaboration, Female, Field, Gender, Gender Analysis, Health Science, Impact, Improvement, Knowledge, Male, Men, Papers, Parity, Participation, Productivity, Publishing, Scholarly Collaboration, Scholarly Output, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Techniques, University, Valencian Community, Women, Work? Torres-Salinas, D., Mu?oz-Mu?oz, A.M. and Jiménez-Contreras, E. (2011), Bibliometric analysis of the situation of female researchers in the fields of social sciences and law in Spain. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 34 (1), 11-28.Full Text: 2011\Rev Esp Doc Cie34, 11.pdfAbstract: This paper presents a bibliometric study analyzing the productivity and citations of female researchers in the fields of social sciences and law in Spain, within the context of Spanish scientific journals. The study was based on the rankings of researcher included in the Indice de Impact de las Revistas Espanolas de Ciencias Sociales (INRECS) and Indice de Impacto de las Revistas Espanolas de Ciencias Juridicas (INRECJ). Eleven different scientific disciplines were analyzed and the final sample consisted of 3,370 researchers, of whom 30% were women. To study gender differences four variables were selected and analyzed: number of papers, number of citations, number of international citations and citation average. The results show that women in the 11 areas studied have both a lower productivity and a lower number of citations. On the other hand, in some areas women do receive a greater number of international citations and in almost all areas achieve higher citation averages. However the presence of women in the rankings and among the Spanish research elite is still small.Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Gender, Gender Studies, Law, Patterns, Scientific Productivity, Sex-Differences, Social Sciences, Women, Women Researchers? López-Berna, S., Papí-Gálvez, N. and Martín-Llaguno, M. (2011), Scientific productivity in Spain concerning communications-related professions between 1971 and 2009. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 34 (2), 212-231.Full Text: 2011\Rev Esp Doc Cie34, 212.pdfAbstract: In light of European Convergence, communications degrees offered in Spain are now based on the acquisition of competencies required for professional practice. This has created the need for a thorough analysis of professional profiles related to the fields of Advertising and Public Relations, Journalism, and Audiovisual Communication. This work purports to identify existing research studies focused on this subject. For this study we have carried out a systematic review of articles, books and doctoral theses dealing with communications-related professions that have been indexed in the databases of ISOC, ISBN and TESEO from the 1970s through 2009. We have extracted bibliometric indicators and adopted the evaluation criteria utilized by CNEAI (Spanish National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity) and ANECA (National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation of Spain). The results appear to indicate that the signing of the Bologna Declaration has drawn more attention to communications-related professions. Journalism has been the profession most specifically studied. The majority of studies across the board do not meet the quality criteria set by the evaluation agencies. Overall, we observe that there is an obvious need to improve both the quantity and quality of related research, as well as to strengthen the training of researchers in social research methodology.Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Attention, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Communication, Communication Research, Databases, Doctoral Theses, Evaluation, Evaluation of Research Activity, Methodology, Practice, Productivity, Professional, Professional Practice, Quality, Research, Researchers, Review, Scholarly Journals, Scientific Productivity, Social, Spain, Systematic, Systematic Review, Training, University Education? Cardoso, M.M.T.D. (2011), Peer Review of scholarly journals in the Humanities and Social Sciences: Reported editorial policies and practices. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 34 (2), 141-164.Full Text: 2011\Rev Esp Doc Cie34, 141.pdfAbstract: The main objective of this article is an analysis of editorial practices and policies concerning peer review from 79 international scientific journals in Arts and Humanities and Social Sciences, based on statements found on these journals’ own Web sites. The information sources used to identify and select each journal were the databases of Web of Science, in particular Arts & Humanities Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index. The analysis checked 30 parameters structured in a Data Collection Sheet (DCS), which were taken from the revised assessment criteria proposed by Delgado and others (2007). In general, these journals have a low average of reported informational parameters. Of all the journals that make up the Humanities’ area, informational parameters about peer review editorial practices mentioned average 5.6%. As for the 58 journals comprising the Social Sciences, their average for the cited parameters was 9.7%. We conclude this study by providing a range of measures for their improvement and further alignment with the patterns of scholarly communication.Keywords: Analysis, Arts, Assessment, Biomedical Publication, Call, Citation, Communication, Databases, Editorial Policies, Humanities, Information, International-Congress, Journal, Journals, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Policies, Review, Scholarly Communication, Scholarly Journals, Science, Sciences, Social Science, Social Sciences, Social Sciences Citation Index, Web of Science? Lopez-Berna, S., Papi-Galvez, N. and Martin-Llaguno, M. (2011), Scientific productivity in Spain concerning communications-related professions between 1971 and 2009. Revista Espanola de Documentacion Cientifica, 34 (2), 212-231.Full Text: 2011\Rev Esp Doc Cie34, 212.pdfAbstract: In light of European Convergence, communications degrees offered in Spain are now based on the acquisition of competencies required for professional practice. This has created the need for a thorough analysis of professional profiles related to the fields of Advertising and Public Relations, Journalism, and Audiovisual Communication. This work purports to identify existing research studies focused on this subject. For this study we have carried out a systematic review of articles, books and doctoral theses dealing with communications-related professions that have been indexed in the databases of ISOC, ISBN and TESEO from the 1970s through 2009. We have extracted bibliometric indicators and adopted the evaluation criteria utilized by CNEAI (Spanish National Commission for the Evaluation of Research Activity) and ANECA (National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation of Spain). The results appear to indicate that the signing of the Bologna Declaration has drawn more attention to communications-related professions. Journalism has been the profession most specifically studied. The majority of studies across the board do not meet the quality criteria set by the evaluation agencies. Overall, we observe that there is an obvious need to improve both the quantity and quality of related research, as well as to strengthen the training of researchers in social research methodology.Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Attention, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Communication, Communication Research, Databases, Doctoral Theses, Evaluation, Evaluation of Research Activity, Methodology, Practice, Productivity, Professional, Professional Practice, Quality, Research, Researchers, Review, Scholarly Journals, Scientific Productivity, Social, Spain, Systematic, Systematic Review, Training, University Education? Pino-Díaz, J., Jiménez-Contreras, E., Ruíz-Ba?os, R. and Bailón-Moreno, R. (2011), Evaluation of techno-scientific networks: A Spanish network on protected areas, according to the Web of Science. Revista Espa?ola de Documentación Científica, 34 (3), 301-333.Full Text: 2011\Rev Esp Doc Cie34, 301.pdfAbstract: Relationships of co-occurrence between keywords, researchers and journals in the professional literature of a given domain can be analyzed and mapped to discover their nodes, subnets, and strategic research areas. A strategic and dynamic analysis was done of the Spanish Research Network on Protected Areas from 1981 to 2005, as identified by the Web of Science. This analysis has resulted in a Strategic Diagram and a Strategic Knowledge Map of Techno-scientific Network or CERT Map, lists of researchers and journals of strategic importance, and a table analyzing the activity of the subnets. The techno-scientific network is well-structured, with twenty-two strategic subnets. Network analysis using KDD techniques and engineering and knowledge mapping provides top grade support for strategic decision-making in science policy and the evaluation of science and technology.Keywords: Acidification, Analysis, Cert Maps, Decision Making, Decision-Making, Evaluation, Information Mapping, Journals, KDD, Knowledge, Knowledge Discovery in Database, Knowledge Managemen, Knowledge Mapping, Literature, Mapping, Mapping Strategic Research Networks, Network, Network Analysis, Policy, Professional, Research, Researchers, Rotected Areas, National Parks, Science, Science and Technology, Science Policy, Scientific and Technological Evaluation, Scientific and Technological Networks, Strategic Knowledge Maps of Techno-Scientific Network, Web of ScienceTitle: Revista Espa?ola de DrogodependenciasFull Journal Title: Revista Espanola de DrogodependenciasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor ? Valderrama Zurian, J.C. and Gisbert Tio, A. (1994), Bibliometrical approach of publications about addictive substances. Revista Espanola de Drogodependencias, 19 (4), 287-296.Title: Revista Espa?ola de Enfermedades DigestivasFull Journal Title: Revista Espanola de Enfermedades DigestivasISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Esp Enferm DigISSN: 1130-0108Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: SpainLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Editorial GarsiPublisher Address: Juan Bravo, 46, 28006 Madrid, SpainSubject Categories: Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Impact Factor 0.384, 41/45 (2000)? Lopez-Cozar, E.D., Ruiz-Perez, R. and Jimenez-Contreras, E. (1999), Editorial quality, diffusion and bibliometric indicators of the Revista Espa?ola de Enfermedades Digestivas. Revista Espa?ola de Enfermedades Digestivas, 91 (1), 17-32.Full Text: Rev Esp Enf Dig91, 17.pdfAbstract: AIM: to evaluate the editorial quality, diffusion, relevance of the scientific content, and the publication practices of the specialised journal Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas.MATERIALS and METHODS: We checked 136 parameters based on ISO standards, the recommendations of scientific and editorial organisations, and studies of scientific editing and international publishing practices for biomedical journals. Diffusion was calculated using national and international databases, specialised libraries in Spain, and Internet sources. The analysis of the scientific content and publication practices was based on bibliometric indicators for the journal, authorship, and contributions. The sample for this study comprised six alternate issues of volume number 88 (1996), the last issue of this volume, and the first issue of volume 89 (1997). The samples used for the bibtiometric analysis varied depending on the characteristics of specific indicators and the availability of information.RESULTS: the overall mean value for compliance with standards was 46.1%, while the real mean was calculated at 72.21%. The editorial procedures at the journal are similar to those of analogous international journals. The Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas is included in international databases of biomedical journals, and in the interdisciplinary international database SCI. It was found to be present in 70% of the medical libraries of Spanish universities, and in 73% of the hospital libraries studied. Bibliometric indicators showed co-authorship to be 5.5%; the origin of the authors grouped by province and by type of institutional affiliations showed 27.8% of all authors to be from Madrid, and that more were affiliated with general hospitals than with university hospitals. The mean delay between initial receipt of a manuscript and its publication was 300 days. Cocitation analysis gave the journal a central position amongst the 38 Spanish biomedical journals considered representative of the field. The journal’s impact factor for 1996 was 0.260.CONCLUSIONS: the Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas is a high-quality vehicle of research results, and has acceptable internal editorial procedures. The journal is widely distributed, though its visibility on the Internet should be improved. Co-authorship is similar to that seen in other medical journals. Steps should be taken to make this journal better known within Spain, and to reduce the delay between the initial receipt and the final publication of manuscripts. Its impact factor is increasing steadily.Keywords: Analysis, Articles, Authorship, Availability, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Biomedical, Biomedical Journals, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Compliance, Database, Diffusion, Editorial Quality, First, Hospital, Hospitals, Impact Factor, Indicators, Information, Informative Abstracts, Interdisciplinary, International, Internet, Journal, Journals, Medical, Medical Journals, Medicina-Clinica, Origin, Procedures, Publication, Publishing, Quality, Recommendations, Relevance, Research, Research Results, Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas, SCI, Sciences, Scientific Journal Evaluation, Scientific Journals, Spain, Standards, Standards, Structured Abstracts, Universities, University, Visibility? Nebril, B.A., Moure, A.F. and Freijoso, C.G. (2000), Original articles published in Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas (1993-1998): Authorship, interval between acceptance and publication, and bibliographic references. Revista Espa?ola de Enfermedades Digestivas, 92 (9), 580-585.Full Text: 2000\Rev Esp Enf Dig92, 580.pdfAbstract: AIM: to study changes in authorship, interval between acceptance and publication, and bibliographic references of original articles published in Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas (REED) between 1993 and 1998.METHODS: this was a descriptive retrospective study of 359 original research articles published in REED between 1993 and 1998. The variables assessed were: number of authors (author/article index), interval between acceptance of the manuscript and publication in the journal, and degree of obsolescence of articles based on the age of the references cited (Burton-Kleber and Price indexes).RESULTS: the author/article index was 6.1, and increased from 5.9 in 1993 to 6.5 in 1998. The interval between acceptance and publication increased from 251 days to 436 days in this period (p < 0.0001). English was the language of publication used most commonly, followed by Spanish (10.7%). Citations to Spanish references decreased from 12.5% in 1993 to 8.7% in 1998. The half-life of articles was 7 years, and Price index was 41.5%.CONCLUSIONS: REED’s bibliometric characteristics are similar to those of other national journals, but this study shows changes in bibliographic indicators from 1993 to 1998: increases in the number of authors per article, the interval to publication, the use of foreign references and the degree of obsolescence.Keywords: Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas, Authorship, Periodicals, Publishing, Spain, Gastroenterology, Bibliography, Bibliometrics, Medicina-Clinica, Journals, Consumption, Information, NumberTutosaus, J.D., Oller, J.D., Blazquez, I.G., Conde, S.M. and Mendez, S.M. (2001), International scientific production in digestive laparoscopic surgery. Revista Espa?ola de Enfermedades Digestivas, 93 (7), 452-458.Full Text: R\Rev Esp Enf Dig93, 452.pdfAbstract: Objective: to obtain data on research in laparoscopic digestive surgery over the period of 1991 to 1996.Material and methods: we used Medline and the Science Citation Index to obtain general data on production. For more specific data (contents, etc.) we used random samples with a confidence level of 99%.Results: There were 4825 publications on laparoscopic digestive surgery and 4.085 on other specialties: of these, articles represented 85% and editorials and letters 15%. University hospitals published 40% of this production. The producing countries were USA (45%), France (8.2%), United Kingdom (7.9%) and Germany (7.5%). The publishing countries were USA (41%), Germany (15.3%), United Kingdom (9.7%) and France (6.7%). The publication with the largest influence was the New England Journal of Medicine with a total Impact Factor of 589; the British Journal of Surgery with a factor of 436, Archives of Surgery with 343, American Journal of Surgery with 336 and Annals of Surgery with 302; the mean relative Impact Factor was 1.886. Method was involved in 756 retrospective studies, 275 prospective studies and 43 random clinical trials; the rest were not series. The majority of contents are on techniques and instruments, indications and general reflections. The most researched anatomical region was the gall bladder, followed by the bile ducts and the colon. The differences had a ‘z’ > 1.645, that is to say, p < 0.05, and so considered statistically significant.Conclusions: The largest production and publication takes place in the USA and the journal with the greatest influence is the New England. Important studies on method are extremely scarce, random clinical trials representing only 1%.Keywords: Research, Publication, Bibliometrics, Laparoscopic Surgery, Video-Surgery, Science-Citation-Index, Bibliometric Indicators, Health, Biomedicine? Trapero-Marugan, M., Gisbert, J.P. and Pajares, J.M. (2006), Spanish scientific output on Helicobacter pylori. A study through medline. Revista Espa?ola de Enfermedades Digestivas, 98 (4), 255-259.Full Text: 2006\Rev Esp Enf Dig98, 255.pdfAbstract: Objectives: to analyze scientific output from Spanish hospitals in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: papers collected from the Medline database between January 1988 and December 2003 were selected. Our search strategy was: ‘Helicobacter pylori’ [MeSH] and ((Spain [AD] OR Espana [AD] OR Spanien [AD] OR Espagne [AD] OR Espanha [AD]) OR (Spanish [LA]) OR Spain). The following was analyzed: geographic area, Spanish or foreign publication, topic, and year of publication. Output and impact bibliometric markers were evaluated. Results: in all, 691 papers were identified, of which 241 were excluded. Number of papers went from 2 in 1988 to 47 in 2002 and 13 in 2003. There were more reports in Spanish versus foreign journals (58 vs. 42%). In the first 5 years the areas with greater output were associated with diagnosis and microbiology (33 and 20%), whereas therapy was the predominating subject during the last 5 years (27%). Original papers were most common among publications (69%). Hospitals with highest output included La Princesa (24%) and Ramon y Cajal (17.6%) in Madrid, and Parc Tauli in Barcelona (6.4%). Mean impact factor progressively increased from 1.826 in 1988 to 2.142 in 2002 and 2.493 in 2003. Conclusions: the production and impact of documents published by Spanish scientists regarding H. pylori infection considerably increased during the past two decades.Keywords: Bibliometric, Biomedicine, Diagnosis, Helicobacter, Helicobacter Pylori, Hospitals, Impact, Impact Factor, Infection, Journals, Microbiology, Output, Production, Publication, Publications, Science-Citation-Index, Scientific Information, Scientific Output, Spain, Strategy, Therapy? Martinez-Ramos, D., Miralles-Tena, J.M., Cuesta, M.A., Escrig-Sos, J., van der Peet, D., Hoashi, J.S. and Salvador-Sanchis, J.L. (2011), Laparoscopy versus open surgery for advanced and resectable gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Revista Espa?ola de Enfermedades Digestivas, 103 (3), 133-141.Full Text: 2011\Rev Esp Enf Dig103, 133.pdfAbstract: Background: there are few studies in the literature comparing laparoscopic versus open Gastrectomy, predominantly for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Most of the available studies and meta-analysis compare both approaches in the early gastric cancer. The meta-analysis, here presented, compares the clinical outcomes between these two procedures for AGC. Objectives: to evaluate the current status of both partial and total laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG), with regard to its short and long-term outcomes by comparing it to conventional open gastrectomy (OG) for AGC. Data sources and review methods: original articles published in English language from January 1991 to October 2009 were searched in the Medline, Embase, Current Contents, Science Citation Index databases and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. All articles comparing LG and OG for AGC were included, and those comparing outcomes only for early gastric cancer (EGC) were excluded. Clinical appraisal and data extraction were conducted independently by 3 reviewers. Statistical analysis was carried out following the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model. Results: out of 2,344 studies, 7 studies were selected. One prospective randomized controlled trial, one comparative prospective study and five comparative retrospective studies were analyzed. These studies include a total of 452 patients with gastric cancer, 174 patients in the LG and 278 in the OG. The analyzed result variables were operative time, operative blood loss, hospital postoperative stay, number of dissected lymph nodes and cancer-related mortality risk. Compared to OG, LG was a longer procedure: weighted mean difference (WMD) 44 minutes; 95% confidence interval (Cl) 20 to 69; I-squared = 91.6%, but was associated with a lower blood loss (WMD -122 cc; 95% CI -208 to -37; I-squared = 90.8%); this was more significant for hospital operative stay (WMD -6.2 days; 95% CI -9.4 to -2.8; I-squared = 67.8%). Moreover there were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the number of dissected lymph nodes (WMD -1.57; 95% CI -3.41 to 0.26; I-squared = 8.3) and no significant differences for cancer-related mortality risk (adjusted for 60 months of follow-up) although there was a tendency toward a protective effect for LG (Odds Ratio 0.53; 95% CI 0.23 to 1.22; I-squared 41%). Conclusion: laparoscopic total and partial gastrectomy for AGC is associated with a longer operative time but lower blood loss and shorter postoperative hospital stay. Moreover there were similar outcomes between both approaches in terms of number of dissected lymph nodes and long-term follow-up (survival).Keywords: Advanced Gastric Cancer Surgery, Cancer, Citation, Databases, Laparoscopic Gastrectomy, Literature, Meta-Analysis, Open Gastrectomy, Outcomes, Review, Science Citation IndexTitle: Revista Espa?ola de Financiacion y Contabilidad-Spanish Journal of Finance and AccountingFull Journal Title: Revista Espanola de Financiacion y Contabilidad-Spanish Journal of Finance and AccountingISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0210-2412Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Moya, S. and Prior, D. (2008), Who publish in Spanish accounting jornals? A bibliometric analysis 1996-2005. Revista Espa?ola de Financiacion y Contabilidad-Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting, 37 (138), 353-374.Full Text: 2008\Spa J Fin Acc37, 353.pdfAbstract: This paper reviews, for the period 1996-2005, the accounting scientific production published in Spanish journals. The objective is to determine who publishes and where, what is the quality of research and the factors that determine the research activity. The conclusion is accounting academics keep a reasonable level of research production, however their level of productivity is relative when the impact factors as quality indicators are taken into account. We detect an important degree of concentration in journals belonging to the accounting area, as well as some institutional factor associated to university departments of the authors and to the doctorate programs developed in such departments. The collaboration index shows a change in trend, being orientated to the increase of team work.Keywords: Accounting Journals, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Collaboration, Concentration, Impact, Impact Factors, Index, Indicators, Journals, Productivity, Quality, Quality Indicators, Quality of, Research, Reviews, Scientific Production, Spanish Journals, Spanish Scientific Production, Trend, University, Work? Mora, A. and Gonzalo, J.A. (2008), The REFC in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Revista Espa?ola de Financiacion y Contabilidad-Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting, 37 (139), 399-402.Full Text: Spa J Fin Acc37, 399.pdfKeywords: Citation, SSCI? Moya, S. and Prior, D. (2008), Who publishes in Spanish accounting journals? A bibliometric analysis 1996-2005 (vol 37, pg 353, 2008). Revista Espa?ola de Financiacion y Contabilidad-Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting, 37 (139), 402.Full Text: 2008\Spa J Fin Acc37, 402.pdfKeywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Journals? Salas, O.A. and Sobrevias, E.O. (2011), Retrospective analysis of the Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting (1985-2011): Authors, subjects, citations and quality perception. Revista Espa?ola de Financiacion y Contabilidad-Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting, 40 (152), 673-695.Full Text: 2011\Spa J Fin Acc40, 673.pdfAbstract: Following the international tradition of the main academic journals this work presents a retrospective study after the publishing of the 150 issue of Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting. The analysis aims to describe a portrait about the authors who have contributed and their institutions. the subjects studied, the references, the most cited articles and the quality perception of this journal among Spanish accounting and finance academics. This work continues the study done after the publishing of the 100 issue.Keywords: Academics, Accounting, Analysis, Articles, Auditing, Authors, Bibliometric Analysis, Citations, Institutions, Journal, Journals, Perception, Publishing, QualityTitle: Revista Espa?ola de Investigaciones SociologicasFull Journal Title: Revista Espanola de Investigaciones SociologicasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0212-6982Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Alcaide, G.G., Calatayud, V.A., Zurian, J.C.V. and Benavent, R.A. (2009), Participation of women and co-authorship networks in Spanish sociology journals. Revista Espa?ola de Investigaciones Sociologicas, 126, 153-166.Abstract: Women participation in Spanish sociological journals is analysed during the period 2001-2005, by means of bibliometrics and Social Network Analysis. There is a predominance of men (75,08% of authors) compare to women (24,92%), despite the fact that there is a majority of women ending University studies. This inequality starts to be perceived from the beginning of their research and professional development and it intensifies with time. As a result, only a reduced number of women reach the highest positions in the academicals rankings, which correspond to authors-with the highest productivity. Related to that, it has been observed, a phenomenon of bottleneck, according to it as the number of women writers reduces, the productivity threshold increases. There must be studied in depth the barriers that make difficult the development of a professional course among women and to carry out a diachronic monitoring of the professional occupation and their contribution to papers.Keywords: Author’s Networks, Authors, Barriers, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Contribution, Course, Depth, Development, Gender, Gender Analysis, Inequality, Investigation, Journals, Majority, Men, Monitoring, Networks, Occupation, Papers, Participation, Productivity, Professional, Professional Development, Rankings, Research, Sociology, Spanish, Time, University, WomenTitle: Revista Espa?ola de Medicina NuclearFull Journal Title: Revista Espanola de Medicina NuclearISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0212-6982Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Arias Navalón, J.A., Pardo Pardo, C. and Ruibal Morell, A. (2002), The Spanish Journal of Nuclear Medicine: from 1991 to 2000. Revista Espa?ola de Medicina Nuclear, 21 (3), 157-162.Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the articles published in “Revista Espa?ola de Medicina Nuclear” (REMN) from 1991 through 2000. MATERIAL and METHODS: Five hundred and forty-two articles (originals, reviews, editorials, letters, clinical notes and images of interest) published in REMN during the past 10 years (1991-2000) were gathered. The following variables were assessed: topic, procedure, type of article, number of authors, Spanish region affiliation, country, number of pages and number of references. The results for the five year periods 1991-1995 and 1996-2000 were also presented. RESULTS: Excluding the editorial contributions, the most dealt with topic was the osteoarticular system (14.9%), followed by the heart (14.2%), endocrinology (12.1%), gastroenterology (11.3%) and neurology (10,3%). One hundred and thirty articles were linked to oncology. Madrid (23.7%), Catalonia (22.5%), Andalucia (10.6%) and Aragon (10.1%) were the Spanish regions that made the most contributions. Conventional planar scintigraphic studies were the most used procedure (49.1%), followed by SPECT (16.6%). The countries that were represented most were Spain and Cuba, with 410 and 36 works, respectively. The global trend underwent little change in the above variables in the decade. The pages/paper index was 6.1±1.7 for original papers and 6.5±4.3 for reviews. The authors/paper index was 6.3±2.3 for original papers and 2.7±2.1 for reviews. The references/paper index was 21.9±11.4 for original papers and 3±1.1 39.6 for reviews. These three indexes increased in all sections between the periods 1991-1995 and 1996-2000. CONCLUSIONS: This survey shows subtle qualitative changes throughout the period analyzed. A quantitative increase in the scientific production in the REMN seems to exist. However, many factors must be considered in the final evaluation of these results and this remains beyond the scope of this descriptive work.Keywords: Affiliation, Changes, Clinical, Country, Evaluation, Gastroenterology, Global Trend, Heart, Index, Methods, Neurology, Oncology, Papers, Procedure, Qualitative, Reviews, Scientific Production, Scope, Spain, Spanish Regions, Spect, Survey, Trend, Work? Vinardell, M.P. and Macías, J.M.F. (2007), Twenty-five years of the Spanish Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Bibliometric study. Revista Espa?ola de Medicina Nuclear, 26 (6), 345-353.Full Text: 2007\Rev Esp Med Nuc26, 345.pdfAbstract: Objective. To analyze the scientific content of the Revista Espa?ola de Medicina Nuclear (REMN) after twenty-five years of publication. Material and methods. From 1.181 published articles it has been extracted: name and surnames of the first author, Hospital and Autonomous Region, year of publication, topic of the study and section of the journal. The following information has been obtained: n% of publications and original articles for author, Hospital, Autonomous Community and Country, globally and per period. For the introduction and analysis of the information the programs Access and Excel have been used. Results. The original articles constitute 40 % (473/1181) of the publications being the section Original that of major content from the beginning except in the period 1987-91 where Special Collaborations were published for the most part. The topics more frequently treated were oncology (11.4%) cardiology (10.7%), osteoarticular (9.8%) and radioimmunoassays (8.9 %). The oncological topics have occupied the interest of the majority of the publications in the last decade, emphasizing in the last five years the studies with technology PET Have been published 146 manuscripts proceeding from 24 foreign, principally Spanish-speaking countries and preferably original articles (83/146). With relation to the Spanish articles we observe that the regions of Madrid and Cataluna are the most productive (47%) from the beginning of the REMN being the Hospitals Lozano Blesa of Zaragoza, Bellvitge and Clinic of Barcelona the centers with more published articles. Conclusions. After twenty-five years, the REMN has been consolidated as scientific journal of reference in the Nuclear Medicine specially in Spanish language. The incorporation in MEDLINE/Index Medicus supposed an increase in the original published manuscripts.Keywords: Access, Analysis, Barcelona, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Cardiology, Community, Content, First, Foreign, Incorporation, Indicators, Information, Journal, Language, Majority, Methods, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology, Periodicals, PET, Publication, Publications, Reference, Regions, Scientific Activity, Scientific Journal, Spanish, Spanish Language, Spanish Speaking, TechnologyTitle: Revista Espanola de PedagogiaFull Journal Title: Revista Espanola de PedagogiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Fernandez-Cano, A. (2011), Spanish educational production in the Social Science Citation Index (1998-2009). II. Revista Espanola de Pedagogia, 69 (250), 427-443.Full Text: 2011\Rev Esp Ped69, 427.pdfAbstract: Spanish educational production in the Social Science Citation Index (1998-2009). II This replication study reviewed scientometrically the Spanish production about educational research indexed at the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) Thomson Reuters (the former Institute for Scientific Information of Philadelphia) database during the 1998-2009 period. It examines the productivity according to thematic areas, diachronically, by support journals, institutions and researchers. It is also given indicators of longitudinal citation and the top-ten studies are recognized. A content analysis on the retrieved key words indicates the general topics more investigated. Finally, the profound changes in the Spanish production of educational research in the last years are discussed and it is set out recommendations for continuous improvement of the field.Keywords: Analysis, Author, Citation, Content Analysis, Educational Research, Journals, Productivity, Recommendations, Research, Researchers, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Information, Scientometrics Indicators, Social Sciences, Social Sciences Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index Database, Spain, SSCI, Thomson Reuters, TopicsTitle: Revista Espa?ola de QuimioterapiaFull Journal Title: Revista Espanola de QuimioterapiaISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Esp. Salud PublicaJCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0214-3429Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Sieres, E.G. (2007), Analysis of the continuity, circulation and productivity of the Revista Espa?ola de Quimioterapia. Revista Espa?ola de Quimioterapia, 20 (2), 182-192.Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to compare some of the bibliometric indicators of the continuity, circulation and productivity of the Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia up to 2003 with other spanish journals of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, This was done by reviewing periodicals directories, such as the ISSN (international Standard Serial Number/Numero Internacional Normalizado de Publicaciones Seriadas) and ULRICH’S (Periodicals Directory), as well as the CDU (Classification Universal Decimal), national and international databases including IME (indice Medico Espanol), ICYT (Indice Espanol de Ciencia y Tecnologia), IPA (International Pharmaceutical Abstracts), SCI Expanded (Science Citation Index Expanded), MEDLINE (Index Medicus), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica), BIOSIS PREVIEWS, ANALYTICAL ABSTRACTS, FSTA (Food Science and Technology Abstracts), SCIFINDER SCHOLAR and CHEMISTRY CITATION INDEX. According to the results, the Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia, in publication for 15 years, is widely distributed and has a good rating among other scientific journals of the same discipline.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometry, Chemistry, Chemotherapy, Citation, Citation Indexes, Citation-Index, Index, Indexes, Indicators, Information, International, Journals, Medical-Scientific Activity, Medline, Periodicals, Pharmacology, Primary, Publication, SCI, Science Citation Index, Scientific Journals, Spanish Journals? Alarcon, D.C. (2010), Impact factor and quality of scientific publications on microbiology: The example of the Spanish Journal of Chemotherapy. Revista Espa?ola de Quimioterapia, 23 (3), 135-143.Abstract: Introduction. The impact factor of a journal is the quantitative analysis of the number of citations obtained during a specific period of time. This currently is the standard tool to measure the quality of the publication and a way to evaluate the research trajectory of a scientist. Methods. Search for bibliometric indicators: Journal Citation Reports, SCImago Journal Rank and Potencial Impact Factor for the Spanish Medical Journals of the Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentacion Lopez Pinero (IHCD). To identify criteria of editorial quality, of visibility and of spreading by reviewing databases such as the Online Regional Information System for Scholarly Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal (LATINDEX), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), DIALNET and the Collective Periodical Publications Catalogue of Spanish Healthcare Science Libraries, known as C17. Results. For the first time, the Spanish Journal of Chemotherapy appears in the 2009 edition of JCR, previously by joined the two spanish journals Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and International Microbiology, both ranked at a lower position. While calculating factors of national and international impact of the five publications included in the category of Pharmacology and Pharmacy as part of the project initiated by the IHCD, the Spanish Journal of Chemotherapy showed the best results. Conclusions. The Spanish Journal of Chemotherapy obtained good results in analysed bibliometric indicators, positioning it at the top of the ranking of Spanish medical journals. A good spreading helped to maintain visibility on the publication in the editorial field.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Information Science, Impact Factor, IndicatorsTitle: Revista Espa?ola de Salud PúblicaFull Journal Title: Revista Espanola de Salud PublicaISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Esp. Salud PublicaJCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1135-5727Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact FactorPérez Andrés, C., Estrada Lorenzo, J.M., Villar ?lvarez, F. and Rebollo Rodríguez, M.J. (2002), Bibliometric study of the original articles published in the Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública (1991-2000). I. General indicators. Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública, 76 (6), 659-672.Full Text: 2002\Rev Esp Sal Pub76, 659.pdfAbstract: BACKGROUND: For some time, the most of reports have been being disseminated by way of scientific journals, bibliometric studies therefore being fundamental to the characterization and evaluation thereof. The purpose of this study is that of characterizing the Revista Espa?ola de Salud Publica based on the original articles published therein throughout the 1991-2000 period. METHODS: Original articles published in the Revista Espa?ola de Salud Publica throughout the 1991-2000 period, all inclusive. A study has been made of the following variables: number of original articles, collaboration index or number of signing authors per study, productivity index, geographical spread and main subject. RESULTS: Throughout the 1991-2000 period, 290 original studies (52.3%) of a total of 555 studies were published. The number of originals averaged 29 originals/year A 4.5 degree of collaboration was found to exist for this journal (number signing authors/number originals) for the period under study. The annual of originals by Autonomous Community reveals in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (20.7%), Autonomous Community of Valencia (16.4%), Andalusia (16.1%) and Catalunya (10.0%) have published studies every year throughout the ten-year period under study. The most prevalent subject of all was that related to “Communicable disease” (86 originals), Primary Health Care” (34) and “Environmental pollution” (21). CONCLUSIONS: Generally speaking, it apparently follows that the Revista Espa?ola de Salud Publica continues to fall within the output-related indicators of other Spanish and foreign journals and that it has also evolved in keeping with the trend proper of scientific output in the biomedical field. Although “Communicable diseases” are not the main cause of mortality, they continue being the main subject more frequently studied.Keywords: Background, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Biomedical, Characterization, Collaboration, Evaluation, Field, Index, Indicators, Journal, Journals, Methods, Mortality, Productivity, Purpose, Revista Espa?ola De Salud Publica, Scientific Journals, Scientific Output, TrendEstrada Lorenzo, J.M., Villar ?lvarez, F., Pérez Andrés, C. and Rebollo Rodríguez, M.J. (2003), Bibliometric study of the original articles published in the Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública (1991-2000). Part Two: Authors, their Institutions and Geographical Areas. Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública, 77 (3), 333-346.Full Text: 2003\Rev Esp Sal Pub77, 333.pdfAbstract: BACKGROUND: When characterizing a scientific journal from the bibliometric standpoint, it is of importance to know how many authors were involved in the studies published as well as the geographical areas where these authors are located and the type of institutions by which they are employed. The aim of this article is that of analyzing the geographical spread of these authors and the institutions by which they are employed, as well as its evolution as regards the original articles published in the Revista Espa?ola de Salud Publica throughout the 1991-2000 period. METHODS: Of the original articles published in the Revista Espa?ola de Salud Publica throughout the studied ten-year period, a calculation has been made as to the total number of authors, the number of occasional authors (authors having published solely one article), transitivity index, the ratio between the number of male and female authors, the productivity of the authors and their institutions and the spread of authors and the institutions by which they are employed by Autonomous Communities. RESULTS: Of the original articles published in the Revista Espa?ola de Salud Publica throughout the 1991-2000 period, a total of 1, 052 different authors were involved, 1,000 of whom were Spanish and 52 foreigners. The ratio of male authors to female authors for the period in question was 1.29. The Autonomous Communities from which the largest number of authors came were Community of Madrid (16.3%), Andalusia (13.4%) and the Community of Valencia (12.5%). The institutions by which the authors are employed are located most often in Community of Madrid (16.5%), in Community of Valencia (11.3%) and Andalusia and Catalonia (10.5%). A total of 37.6% of the authors work at centers devoted to health care, followed by authors who work at Universities (26.3%). On calculating the spread of the type of institution by Autonomous Communities, in the Community of Madrid and in the Community of Valencia and Andalusia, the most frequent institution is that of the primary care centers (50%, 43.3% and 28.6% respectively); and in Catalonia the specialized care centers (42.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The Revista Espa?ola de Salud Publica is a scientific journal well known in the whole spanish territory and in the Latinoamerican countries. The productivity of the authors publishing in this journal, the productivity of their institutions where they work and that of Autonomous Regions where they belong to, is similar to other magazines. The productivity of the authors is greater when we look at other public health magazines or other countries.? Andres, C.P., Lopez-Cozar, E.D. and Contreras, E.J. (2006), The Spanish journal of public health included in the social science citation index of Thomson Scientific. Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública, 80 (4), 293-302Full Text: 2006\Rev Esp Sal Pub80, 293.pdfKeywords: Citation, Citation Index, Journal, Public Health, Science Citation Index? López-Cózar, E.D., Ruiz-Pérez, R. and Jiménez-Contreras, E. (2006), MEDLINE criteria for scientific journals selection. Methodology and indicators. Application to Spanish medical journals paying special attention to public health. Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública, 80 (5), 521-551.Full Text: 2006\Rev Esp Sal Pub80, 521.pdfAbstract: Due to the strict selection process applied to its indexed journals, MEDLINE is the most prestigious database in the Health and medicine field. The aim of this paper is both to analyze its selection criteria and translate into indicators that can be applied to Spanish medical journals willing to enter the Index Medicus. Analysis samples and methodology to apply obtained from the five groups of criteria considered by MEDLINE (namely, Scope and coverage, Quality of contents, Quality of editorial work, Production quality and Audience) are proposed. A list of qualitative and quantitative indicators related to the five groups of criteria used by MEDLINE is presented; namely journal scientific output in the national and international context of the discipline, citation, analysis of the editorial committees, the editorial process and the peer-review system, indicators on compliance with the Vancouver guidelines, journal layout and informational. quality, attractiveness, audience, journal visibility and interest as regards MEDLINE goals.Keywords: Analysis, Attention, Bibliometria, Bibliometric Indicators, Biomedicine, Compliance, Databases, Errors, Groups, Guidelines, Health, Impact, Indicators, Information, Medical, Medical Journals, MEDLINE, Methodology, Metodologia, Output, Paper, Peer Review, Periodicals, Periodicals [Publication Type], Process, Public Health, Qualitative, Quality, Science-Citation, Scientific Output, Selection, Spain, Spain, Visibility? Ascanio, A.D. and Puime, A.O. (2007), Publications on primary care evaluation in Spain after twenty years of reform (1984-2004). Thematic and bibliometric analysis. Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública, 81 (2), 131-145.Full Text: 2007\Rev Esp Sal Pub81, 131.pdfAbstract: In view of the widespread opinion as to the lack of data for evaluating the results of the Primary Care reform which began in Spain in 1984, the conducting of a thematic and bibliometric, analysis for the published evaluation studies is posed. The documents published within the 1984-2004 time period, located by means of systematic bibliographic search both in biomedical journals and in theses, reports or books on any of the components of Primary Care included within the proposed thematic classification and referred to scopes broader than one single healthcare center. Three complimentary search strategies were used: electronic databases, manual review of indexes and reference work quote-based searches. A total of 684 documents met the criteria for inclusion: 85% having been taken, from biomedical journals, 12.3% having been doctoral theses, and 2.6% reports of books. Documents were located in 49 different journals (29 foreign), Atencion Primaria (52.7%) being the journal having provided the largest number of articles. A total 12.7% of the articles were published in journals indexed in the SCI, and 8.6% in foreign journals. In 32% of the studies, the first author was working at a reformed healthcare center. Two-thirds of the evaluations revolved around the analysis of the process; the topics most often evaluated having been related to healthcare spending (pharmacy), the system organization(emergencies) and professional satisfaction. Broad-based documentation is provided with evaluations of primary care in Spain. Studies have been focused more on the evaluation of the process than on that of the results. Research in this field requires including studies not published in journals (theses and reports).Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Bibliographic Search, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biomedical, Biomedical Journals, Books, Classification, Databases, Doctoral Theses, Documentation, Evaluation, Evaluation Studies, Field, Health, Health Care, Health Care Reform, Indexes, Indicators, Journal, Journals, Primary, Primary Care, Professional, Publications, Research, SCI, Search Strategies, Spain, System? Leon-Sarmiento, F.E., Bayona-Prieto, J. and Leon-S, M. (2007), Concepts, confusions and contradictions on the impact factor in Colombia. Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública, 81 (2), 147-154.Full Text: 2007\Rev Esp Sal Pub81, 147.pdfAbstract: Latin American scientists are making tremendous efforts to conduct good-quality research worthy of being published internationally. However, Colciencias, an entity created to support this research in Colombia, introduced scienciometric evaluations which had been re-evaluated elsewhere some time ago, based on measurements of aspects such, as the ill-termed “impact factor”. Even more serious is that the aforementioned government office is unaware that measures are based on debated mathematical principles, placing Colombian science at imminent risk of suffering from an academic yatrogeny of irreparable consequences. Therefore, an urgent restructuring of the way in Which Colombia’s scientific production is to be evaluated is thus mandatory before these measures have a negative impact thereon.Keywords: “Impact Factor”, Bibliometric, Biometrics, Colombia, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact-Factor, Journals, Research, Science, Scientific Production, Spanish? ?lvarez, F.V., Lorenzo, J.M.E., Andres, C.P. and Rodriguez, M.J. (2007), Bibliometric study of the original articles published in Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública (1991-2000). Part III: Reference analysis. Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública, 81 (3), 247-259.Full Text: 2007\Rev Esp Sal Pub81, 247.pdfAbstract: Background: The advancement of knowledge is based on the results of previously conducted research studies, which are reflected in the reference sources listed in a scientific article. This study is aimed at studying the scientific information used in the Revista Espanola de Salud Publica based on the references cited in the original articles published during the 1991-2000 period. Methods: The data regarding the year and where published, document type, language and country in which published was taken from the reference sources listed in the 290 original articles published, the obsolescence, Price and,isolation indexes being calculated, and the Bradford core distribution being established according to the source journals. The self-citing rate was also calculated. Results: A total of 7,465 references were cited in the Reference section of the 290 original articles. An average of 25.7 references were cited per article. The Price index was 40.7. The scientific articles showed an obsolescence index of 5, the books and book chapters having an index of 6. A total 50.6% of the citations were from studies published in Spanish. The isolation index of the references was 48.1. The first Bradford core is comprised of 10 journals, the first four of which are Spanish. The self-citing rate was 3.8%. Conclusions: The information consumption of the original articles published in the Revista Espanola de Salud Publica show parameters similar to those of other Spanish health sciences journals for those same years, and the parameters regarding which this Journal differs from other Spanish health sciences journals seem to, be justified by those particular aspects unique to public health, which does not fall within the patterns inherent to the clinical disciplines.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliographic References, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Books, Citations, Clinica, Consumption, Core, Health, Health Sciences, Indexes, Indicators, Information, Journals, Knowledge, Methodology, Obsolescence, Periodicals, Public Health, Research, Revista Espanola De Salud Publica, Sciences, Scientific Information, Spain, Spanish Medical Journals? Ascanio, L.C. and Puime, O. (2007), Publications regarding the evaluation of primary care in Spain during thirty years of reform (1984-2004). Thematic and bibliometric analysis (vol 81, pg 131, 2007). Revista Espa?ola de Salud Pública, 81 (4), 425.Full Text: 2007\Rev Esp Sal Pub81, 425.pdfKeywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Evaluation, Primary Care, PublicationsTitle: Revista de Estudios SocialesFull Journal Title: Revista de Estudios SocialesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Orozco, L.A. and Chavarro, D.A. (2010), Robert K. Merton (1910-2003). Science as Institution. Revista de Estudios Sociales, 37, 143-162.Full Text: 2010\Rev Est Soc37, 143.pdfAbstract: This article is a tribute to one of the most important thinkers of scientific activity. In it we present those elements we consider indispensable for the analysis of certified knowledge as the central concept of the relationship between the institution of science and society. We seek to propose elements to discuss the Mertonian paradigm of science in the light of the questions and visions raised by the philosophy, history and sociology of science. In the first two sections we present a description of the institutional form conceived by Merton to certify scientific knowledge and bring about its usefulness, focusing on the details of the framework it provides on the methods of science which validate its acceptance. In the two final sections we approach the Mertonian vision of social structure of scientific production and its relationship to politics, where scientometrics rises as a discipline. We close with a discussion of the criticisms to Merton’s theses and the contribution this author has made to the sociology of science.Keywords: Activity, Analysis, Author, Contribution, History, Institution of Science, Light, Politics of Science and Techhnology, Production, Science, Scienteometrics, Scientometrics, Sociology of Science, Use of ScienceTitle: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFull Journal Title: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:? Rojas-Sola, J.I. and Antonio-Gomez, C.D. (2010), Bybliometric analysis of Argentinean scientific publications in the agriculture, multidisciplinary subject category in Web of Science database (1997-2009). Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 42 (2), 71-83.Full Text: 2010\Rev Fac Cie Agr42, 71.pdfAbstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize the subject area of Agriculture, Multidisciplinary in Argentina, reviewing at institutional level, the work done by researchers at institutions in Argentina and published in international journals with impact factor among 1997 and 2009, through the Web of Science database. In the context of Latin America, 7795 have been published works of all types and 7622 article or review in 49 journals, and at the level of Argentina have been found 531 articles or reviews published in 31 journals, mostly in English (80.23 %), but also in Spanish (15.25%) and Portuguese (4.33%). Moreover, the institutions have been analyzed from the point of view quantitative and qualitative through various bibliometric indicators, such as Weighted and Relative Impact Factor and the ratio number of citations compared to the number of documents, finding that among the most productive institutions include the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research by the number of documents, and the Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology by the Weighted Impact Factor and the ratio citations against documents, showing a little international collaboration.Keywords: Agriculture, Agriculture Multidisciplinary, Analysis, Argentina, Argentinean Scientific Publications, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Citations, Collaboration, Context, Database, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Indicators, Institutions, International, Journals, Latin America, Performance, Publications, Published Works, Purpose, Qualitative, Research, Review, Reviews, SCI, Science, Scientific Publications, Spanish, Statistical Properties, Web of Science, WorkTitle: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias MédicasFull Journal Title: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias MedicasISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac CordobaISSN: 0014-6722Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:? Camps, D., Recuero, Y., Samar, M.E. and Avila, R.E. (2005), Bibliometric analysis of doctorate thesis on the health sciences area: First part, odontology. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 62 (3), 53-56.Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the following study was to describe trends in the use of information by dentistry thesists and their research topics in Medical Education, Ethics and History. MATERIAL and METHODS: Of a total of 290 doctorate thesis of the Dentistry Faculty made from 1965 to 2002, were identified: 3 theses on Medical Education and 1 on Ethics. On these, bibliographic quotations from periodic and non periodic publications, as well as quotations from doctorate thesis and congress acts were analyzed. In addition the antiquity of these was analyzed considering a period of five years between the date of accomplishment of the thesis and the one of the used bibliographical quotation. RESULTS: The total of analyzed quotations was of 492, presenting an average of 123 quotations per thesis. 62 per cent of the quotations corresponded to non periodic publications, 37 per cent to periodic publications and 2 per cent to quotations from doctorate thesis and congress acts. In regard of the antiquity of the quotations, 42 per cent was smaller to 5 years and 58 per cent was greater than that period of time. CONCLUSION: We concluded the doctorate thesis represent the highest degree of scientific and academic expression, and constitute a rich and valuable source of data. The analysis of these theses is very important because it provides information about the trends and innovations on the on the areas of Medical Education, Ethics and History. It would be (very) useful to extend the bibliometric analysis towards other thematic areas, generating a reference for future research.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Data, Dentistry, Expression, First, Health, Health Sciences, Information, Methods, Publications, Purpose, Research, Sciences, Source, TrendsTitle: Revista Facultad de Ingenieria-Universidad de AntioquiaFull Journal Title: Revista Facultad de Ingenieria-Universidad de AntioquiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:? Sanchez, N., Vazquez, M. and Torresi, R. (2010), Degradation and adsorption of AZO RR239 dye in aqueous solution by nanoscale zerovalent iron particles immobilized on sawdust. Revista Facultad de Ingenieria-Universidad de Antioquia, 55, 18-25.Full Text: Rev Fac Ing-Uni Ant55, 18.pdfAbstract: Carra sawdust pretrated with formaldehyde was used to adsorb RR239 (reactive azo dye) at varying pH and zerovalent iron (ZVI) dosage. Modeling of kinetic results shows that sorption process is best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Batch experiments suggest that the decolorization efficiency was strongly enhanced with the presence of ZVI and low solution pH. The kinetics of dye sorption by mixed sorbent (5 g of sawdust and 180 mg of ZVI) at pH 2.0 was rapid, reaching more than 90% of the total discoloration in three minutes.Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Azo, Azo Dye, Blue, Decolorization, Dye, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Experiments, Formaldehyde, Immobilized, Industry Waste, Iron, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics, Mixed Sorbent, Model, Modeling, Nanoparticles, Particles, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Reactive Dye, Removal, Sawdust, Solution, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Process, Water, Zero-Valent Iron, Zerovalent Iron Particles (ZVI)Title: Revista Fitotecnia MexicanaFull Journal Title: Revista Fitotecnia MexicanaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0187-7380Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:? Bravo-Vinaja, A. and Sanz-Casado, E. (2008), Bibliometric analysis of the Mexican scientific production in agricultural sciences during the years 1983-2002. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 31 (3), 187-194.Full Text: 2008\Rev Fit Mex31, 187.pdfAbstract: In this research the Mexican scientific production in agricultural sciences is characterized, by means or bibliometric indicators, from the production included in several databases: Agricola, Agris, Cab Abstracts, Tropag & Rural, Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). In the first four databases, only the address of the corresponding author was available, who usually is the first author. The indicators used here allow to characterize the evolution of articles published in journals, the national contribution by states and by institutions and sectors, the languages in which the articles are published, the collaboration between authors and the coauthorship index. The scientific production during the evaluated period ascended to 15 736 journal articles. Two states, the Federal District and the State of Mexico, published more than half of articles thus showing a high concentration of the national scientific research. The institutions that published more articles were public universities and institutes or research centers. The languages in which more journal articles were published were English and Spanish. The average rate of articles signed in coauthorship was of 87.62 %. The coauthorship index increased from 2.47 authors per article in 1983 to 4.08 in 2002.Keywords: Agricultural, Agricultural Sciences, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Concentration, Databases, Evolution, First, Impact, Index, Indicators, Institutions, Journal, Journal Articles, Journals, Languages, Mexico, Public, Reproduction, Research, Researchers, SCI, Science Citation Index, Sciences, Scientific Literature, Scientific Production, Scientific Research, Social Science Citation Index, SSCI, Technology, UniversitiesTitle: Revista Gaúcha de EnfermagemFull Journal Title: Revista Gaúcha de EnfermagemISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Gaucha EnfermISSN: 0102-6933Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? de Lopes, C.H.A.F., Chagas, N.R. and Jorge, M.S.B. (2007), The bioethics principle of autonomy in health professional’s perspective. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 28 (2), 266-273.Abstract: This study aimed at analyzing health professionals’ understanding of the bioethics principle of autonomy, including issues that involve its utilization. Documents from 13 journals indexed in Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), published between 2000 and 2004, were analyzed. Results were discussed based on content and category analysis. The following categories emerged: autonomy as a bioethical principle per se, autonomy as rescuing the human person in technical-scientific advancement processes, and autonomy as an instrument for reflection and action. It was concluded that bioethics aids the reflection on professional practices, overcoming the individualism generated by progress, stimulating inter-personal relationships, and defending rights that ensure human dignity.Keywords: AIDS, Analysis, Autonomy, Bioethics, Health, Health Professionals, Human, Journals, Person, Practices, Reflection, Rights, Understanding, UtilizationTitle: Revista Geologica de ChileFull Journal Title: Revista Geologica de ChileISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0716-0208Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Urbizagastegui, R. and Cortes, M.T. (1998), Bibliographic citation analysis in the Revista Geologica de Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile, 25 (2), 265-272.Abstract: The present study analyzes the bibliographic citations done by specialists who have published their research papers in the Revista Geologica de Chile from 1995 to 1996. It identifies the periodical publications most frequently cited, applies the Bradford’s law, and presents the selection of the nucleus of geology journals with a high citation frequency.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Bradford’s Law, Citation Analysis, Revista Geologica de ChileTitle: Revista Iberoamericana de MicologiaFull Journal Title: Revista Iberoamericana de MicologiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Quindos, G. (2009), Confusing the confused: thoughts on impact factor, h(irsch) index, Q value, and other cofactors that influence the researcher’s happiness. Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia, 26 (2), 97-102.Abstract: Background: The need to evaluate curricula for sponsorship for research projects or professional promotion, has led to the search for tools that allow an objective valuation. However, the total number papers published, or citations of articles of a particular author, or the impact factor of the journal where they are published are inadequate indicators for the evaluation of the quality and. productivity of researchers. The h index, proposed by Hirsch, categorises the papers according to the number of citations per article. This tool appears to lack the limitations of other bibliometric tools but is less useful for non English-speaking authors. Aims: To propose and debate the usefulness of the existing bibliometric indicators and tools for the evaluation and categorization of researchers and scientific journals. Methods: Search for papers on bibliometric tools. Results: There are some hot spots in the debate on the national and international evaluation of researchers’ productivity and quality of scientific journals. Opinions on impact factors and h index have been discussed. The positive discrimination, using the Q value, is proposed as an alternative for the evaluation of Spanish and Iberoamerican researchers. Conclusions: It is very important de-mystify the importance of bibliometric indicators. The impact factor is useful for evaluating journals from the same scientific area but not for the evaluation of researchers’ curricula. For the comparison of curricula from two or more researchers, we must use the It index or the proposed Q value. the latter allows positive discrimination of the task for Spanish and Iberoamerican researchers. (C) 2009 Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Citations, Evaluation, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, ISI Web of Science, Journals, Output, Q Value, Quality, Research, Scimago, ScopusTitle: Revista Ingenieria e InvestigacionFull Journal Title: Revista Ingenieria e InvestigacionISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Hernandez, C.N.J., Dominguez, O.F.C. and Restrepo, L.A.M. (2009), Biological and intelligent manufacturing: Human life-skills applied to technological development. Revista Ingenieria e Investigacion, 29 (2), 127-134.Full Text: 2009\Rev Ing Inv29, 127.pdf; 2009\Rev Ing Inv29, 127-1.pdfAbstract: Highly competitive settings, characterised by development being promoting by the predominance of knowledge, means that multidisciplinary approaches must be adopted for dealing with specific problems. Indeed, techniques and tools have been created by imitating human beings’ behaviour and applying them to productive and technological contexts to increase efficiency and enable a quick response. This paper deals with this topic and presents the results of scientometric- and technological surveillance-based research for revealing life sciences’ impact on technological development and its management. It was found that such impact has been mainly reflected in producing concepts and applications for topics such as intelligent manufacturing, biological manufacturing systems and holonic and bionic manufacturing, thereby providing manufacturing and information management with human attributes such as adaptation, self-learning, flexibility and the ability to evolve. It may thus be concluded that technological factor management has been strengthened, based on fields such as biology, thereby leading to direct outcomes regarding production.Keywords: Benchmarking Suppliers, Biological Manufacturing System, Design, Enterprises, Generation, Genetic Algorithm, Impact, Intelligent Manufacturing, Knowledge, Product Coding System, Relationship Management-System, Research, Scienciometrics, Self-Organization, Supplier Rating System, Technological Development, Technology ManagementTitle: Revista de Investigacion ClinicaFull Journal Title: Revista de Investigacion ClinicaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-8376Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Bracho Riquelme, R.L., Pescador Salas, N. and Reyes Romero, M.A. (1997), Bibliometric repercussions of adopting English as the language of publication. Revista de Investigacion Clinica, 49 (5), 369-372.Abstract: Objective. To determine the effect that the change from French to English had on the impact of the Annales de I’Institut Pasteur. Teoretical reference. The Pasteur Institute journals have a prestige of over 100 years of existence and eight Nobel Prize winners in Physiology and Medicine. Changes through time on the impact of these journals can be monitored as they are included in databases of the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information). Methods. A year by year analysis from 1974 to 1992 was done using simple regression between percentage of articles published in English and: a) their impact factor; b) their ranking among journals of the same field. Results. The determination coefficient (r2) between the percentage in English and the impact factor was 0.108;and that between percentage in English and the journal’s rank in similar publications was 0.178 for the Ann Microbiol, 0.045 for the Ann Immunol and 0.122 for the Ann Virol. Conclusions. The change of language did not increase the impact factor of the French journals.Keywords: Periodicals, Statistics and Numerical Data, Bibliometrics, French, EnglishTitle: Revista Latino-Americana de EnfermagemFull Journal Title: Revista Latino-Americana de EnfermagemISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Merighi, M.A.B., Goncalves, R. and Ferreira, F.C. (2007), Bibliometric study on nursing theses and dissertations employing a phenomenological approach: Tendency and perspectives. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 15 (4), 645-650.Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the scientific production of nursing dissertations and theses with a phenomenological approach published from 1981 to 2002. A descriptive, retrospective and bibliometric research was carried out. The material analysis, which is part of the database of the catalogue “Information on Nursing Research and Researchers”, resulted in 217 studies, 71,9% from the master’s course and 28,1% from the doctoral course. Among the obtained results, it stands out that the theoretical-philosophical reference chosen to support the data discussion found in investigations has not been used emphatically. There is a need to discuss the unveiled data, through the subjects’ discourse, in the light of the philosophical reference framework mentioned in the research trajectory.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Research, Bibliometry, Database, Nursing, Phenomenology, Research, Scientific Production? Pedro, I.C.D.S., Galvao, C.M., Rocha, S.M.M. and Nascimento, L.C. (2008), Social support and families of children with cancer: An integrative review. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 16 (3), 477-483.Abstract: This study aimed to search available evidences in literature about social support to families of children with cancer. An integrative review was elaborated and the articles were searched in PUBMED, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and LILACS, using the key words: social support, cancer, child and family, between 1996 and 2006. Fifteen articles were selected and the analysis of these publications allowed for the identification of three themes: social support and the trajectory of cancer, social support to healthy siblings and social support to fathers and mothers of children with cancer. Data indicated a lack of consensus among researchers about the use of the term social support and that there is a need for greater methodological rigor in the conduction of these studies. Acknowledging the clients’ support needs is important to plan nursing care and guide research development, whose results can be used in practice.Keywords: Analysis, Cancer, Child, Children, Development, Families, Family, Integrative Review, Literature, Mothers, Neoplasms, Nursing, Parents, Pediatric Nursing, Practice, Publications, Research, Researchers, Review, Science, Social, Social Support, Trajectory, WebTitle: Revista Latinoamericana de Investigacion en Matematica Educativa-RelimeFull Journal Title: Revista Latinoamericana de Investigacion en Matematica Educativa-RelimeISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Cantoral, R. (2009), Relime in ISI Web: Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). Revista Latinoamericana de Investigacion en Matematica Educativa-Relime, 12 (1), 5-6Keywords: Citation, Science, Science Citation IndexTitle: Revista Latinoamericana de PsicologiaFull Journal Title: Revista Latinoamericana de PsicologiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-978XIssues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Leon, R. (1982), Latin-American psychoanalysts and the diffusion of their works in the Journal Internat Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse: A bibliometric study. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 14 (2), 171-182.Full Text: 1982\Rev Lat Psi14, 171.pdfKeywords: Bibliometric, Diffusion, Latin American? Vidal, E.Q., Linares, M.J.P., Vera, J.A. and Sanchez, M.V. (1990), Contributions to the study of Cuban psychology and psychiatry: A bibliometric analysis of the Revista del Hospital Psiquiatrico de la Habana. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 22 (3), 343-356.Full Text: 1990\Rev Lat Psi22, 343.pdfKeywords: Cuban Psychology and Psychiatry, Bibliometry, Journals? Lopez, W.L. and Calvache, O. (1998), Psychology in the Spanish language: 30 years of the Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 30 (3), 401-427.Full Text: 1998\Rev Lat Psi30, 401.pdfAbstract: A detailed bibliometric analysis is presented of the Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia (Latin American Journal of Psychology) that includes a representative sample of the scientific production of psychology in the Spanish-speaking world. A data base was constructed with information from ail the 30 volumens of the journal (1969-1998). The total number of published articles (671) was analyzed, and also the total number of bibliographic references (16.669). From each article the main variables investigated were the author(s), institution, areas of research, methodology, and type of references. A summary of the conclusions indicates that: (1) in the early decades there was a tendency for single authors, while in the last decade(1989-1998) the tendency was for multiple authors; (2) the most productive authors were R. Ardila (Colombia), L. Bravo-Valdivieso (Chile), and R. Bayes(Spain), usually working in specific thematic areas; (3) the field with more articles published was social psychology; (4) countries with more publications were Colombia, the USA, Mexico, Argentina, and Spain: (5) the most productive institution was the National Autonomous University of Mexico. UNAM; (6) the most frequent type of work was empirical research; (7) the author most referred to was Skinner, followed by Eysenck. Piaget, Ardila, and Diaz-Guerrero, without auto references; (8) the most referred to book was Science and Human Behavior (Skinner), followed by Psicologia drl Aprendizaje (Ardila): (9) the most influencial journals were Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, and American Psychologist. Finally, the analysis of this complex amount of variables and indicators shows that the Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia is the main and most influencial psychological journal in the Spanish language. The indexes of international participation, thematic amplitude. methodological rigor and flexibility, etc. are indications of this importanceKeywords: Bibliographic References, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometry, History of Psychology, Journals, Latin America, Research, Scientific Production, Spain, Spanish, Spanish-Language Psychology? Agudelo, D., Breton-Lopez, J. and Buela-Casal, G. (2003), Comparative analysis of Health Psychology journals published in Spanish. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 35 (3), 359-377.Full Text: 2003\Rev Lat Psi35, 359.pdfAbstract: A comparative analysis of four journals about Health Pyschology published in Spanish (Revista Internacional de Psicologia Clinica y de la Salud, International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology; Clinica y Salud; Salud Mental; and Psicologia y Salud) is presented. The journals are compared according to the methodology used in their published articles Moreover, it is offered the proportions of works depending on whether they are theoretical, descriptive by surveys, descriptive by observation, qualitative, experimental, quasi- experimental, single case studies, ex post facto or instrumental studies. The analysis indicates that there is a clear predominance of the theoretical studies, as a consequence, it. is the most extended methodology used in the four journals, while descriptive by observation designs and those of qualitative nature are the ones that have a less representation on analyzed journals. In addition to this, several final reflections about methodological uses am presentedKeywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Comparison Among Journals, Depressed-Patients, Health Psychology, Long-Term Potentiation, Memory-Systems, Mental-Health, Methodologies, Mexico-City, Neurobiological Mechanisms, Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder, Psychiatric-Patients, Risk Eating Behaviors, Spanish Journals of Psychology, Synaptic Plasticity? Vera-Villarroel, P. and Mustaca, A. (2006), Empirically supported psychological treatments in Chile and Argentina. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 38 (3), 551-565.Full Text: 2006\Rev Lat Psi38, 551.pdfAbstract: A bibliometric revision of the researches based on Clinical. Psychology evidences published on six psychological journals between 1990-2002 and 2005: Terapia Psicologica, Revista Chilena de Psicologia, Psykhe (Chileans), and Interdisciplinaria, Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica and Investigaciones en Psicologia (argentines) was investigated. The results were evaluated based on the frequency of the articles, orientation and efficiency criteria for treatments with empiric support established by Chambles & Hollond (1998) and by Seligman (1995). Scarce publications were found about empiric researches on clinical psychology in both countries. Also, most of them agree with the international tendency related with the predominance of the cognitive- behavioral approach, although none of them reunites all the requirements of efficiency established by Chambles & Hollond (1998) and by Seligman (1995). Some incipient data seem to indicate that these results will be modified in the future.Keywords: Argentina, Behavioral, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Investigation, Chile, Chilean and Argentinian Psychology Journals, Clinical, Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Efficiency, Empirically Supported Treatments in Psychology, Modified, Orientation, Psychological, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Publications, Requirements, Support? Villalobos-Galvis, F. and Puertas-Campanario, R. (2007), Impact of three Iberian-American journals of psychology in Spain. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 39 (3), 593-608.Full Text: 2007\Rev Lat Psi38, 593.pdfAbstract: The aim of this research was to identify the impact factor of three Iberian-American journals on several Spanish journals, through a bibliometric study. The study considered 20 journals that were multidisciplinary or represented any area of Psychology. The chosen journals were edited in Spanish, registered in Spain or in the Journal of Citation Reports, are currently edited and started their publication at least in 2001, the last issue of the year was edited before the deadline, had ISSN, were edited in paper and were available at a established date. The data showed the high impact of IJCHP and an absence of reciprocal interactions among the chosen journals. The internationality index, from which the RLAP and IJCHP stand out., and the relevance of the impact index are discussed.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Citation, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact-Factor, Internationality, Journals, Latinoamericana-de-Psicologia, Publication, Relevance, Research, Scientific Diffusion, Scientific Production, Spain, Spanish? Martinez, A.T.G., Bote, V.G., Quesada, B.V. and Moya-Anegon, F. (2008), Psychology in the Map of Science in Ibero America. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 40 (3), 409-424.Full Text: 2008\Rev Lat Psi40, 409.pdfAbstract: The objective of this study is to compare the scientific representation of Psychology in the different Latin-American countries. We use a methodology of subject categories cocitation (JCR-Thomson. Cia, Subject Category Listing) which facilitates the representation of the scientific activity, the resulting maps permit us to focus on the Psychology Area, whose representation will serve as information base for the analysis of the discipline in each country scope, with international visibility. This is an empirical view of the underlying structure in the Psychology in the countries studied and this is interesting since the majority of scientists have an intuitive idea of this structure which may or may not correspond to reality. Nevertheless our representation show an objective global view based on the Scientist formal communication behavior. With this model an objective comparison of the Psychology research in the eight most important Latin-American countries is carried out.Keywords: Algorithm, Categories, Cocitation, Domains, Information, Journal Cocitation Analysis, Latin American Psychology, Methodology, Model, Paradigms, Pathfinder Networks, Psychology, Research, Science, Sciences, Scientific Communication, Spain, Visibility, Web of Knowledge? Gutierrez, G., Perez-Acosta, A.M. and Plata-Caviedes, T. (2009), Historical development of a scientific publication: Forty years of Latin American Journal of Psychology. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 41 (3), 413-428.Full Text: 2009\Rev Lat Psi41, 413.pdfAbstract: The Latin American Journal Psychology (RLP) was founded in 1969. In this article we present the historical context of psychology in Latin America when RLP was founded. An analysis of the main editorial characteristics is presented, including editorial board, peer review, financial aspects and distribution, structure, special volumes, types of articles published, authors’ origin, and areas of psychology The influence of RLP on the development of other journals in Latin America and Spain is examined. The role of RLP on the development of psychology in these regions is also discussed. It is argued that RLP has been one of the main editorial enterprises dedicated to the presentation of research production in psychology in Latin America, and has introduced several areas of psychology, unknown to the academic communities in the region.Keywords: Articles, Bibliometry, History of Psychology, Journals, Latin America, Latin American Journal of Psychology, Latinoamericana-de-Psicologia, Peer Review, Publication, Research, Scientific Publication, Scientometrics, Spain? Vera-Villarroel, P., López-López, W., Lillo, S. and Silva, L.M. (2011), Scientific production in latin american psychology: An analysis of research in different countries. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 43 (1), 95-104.Full Text: 2011\Rev Lat Psi43, 95.pdfAbstract: Science production is one of the critical factors for country development. In Latin America, science development indicators in terms of publications and impact are traditionally far from the standards in countries with further scientific and technological development. These indicators, both in general and in Psychology, were evaluated in this study, through an analysis of Latin-American productivity of scientific articles between 1996 and 2008 in Scopus and Web of Science databases. Macro-trends that guided the development of science and Psychology in countries and institutions were identified, as the scientific impact of the publications. Results suggest that Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia have the best indicators in terms of production and impact, both in science and Psychology. Chile, Argentina and Brazil are the most productive countries per million inhabitants.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Ibero-America, Internationality, Journals, Latinamerica, Psychology, Science, Scienciometrics, Standards, WebTitle: Revista Médica de ChileFull Journal Title: Revista Medica de ChileISO Abbrev. Title: Rev. Medica ChileJCR Abbrev. Title: Rev Med ChileISSN: 0034-9887Issues/Year: 12Language: SpanishJournal Country/Territory: ChilePublisher: Soc Medica SantiagoPublisher Address: Bernarda Morin 488 Providencia, Casilla 168 Correo 55, Santiago 9, ChileSubject Categories:Medicine, General & Internal: Impact Factor 0.444 95/107 (2008)? Krauskopf, M. (1997), A scientometric radiography of Revista Médica de Chile. Revista Médica de Chile, 125 (7), 775-780.Full Text: 1997\Rev Med Chi125, 775.pdfAbstract: In the context of a festschrift to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the Revista Medica de Chile, a ‘radiography’ of the journal has been depicted using several scientometric indicators. Among the mainstream journals in the category of Medicine, General & Internal and taking into account the wide editorial coverage and the language of the publication that fulfills the need for the required social appropriation of science that the country requires, the Revista Medica de Chile portrays healthy and quite relevant. Among the articles published between 1981 and 1995, some concerning public health have reached, particularly, and impact which surpasses their mean expected citation rate.Keywords: History of Medicine, 19th and 20th Cent, Medical Journalism, Scientometrics, Education, Medical? Montes, G.S. (2000), Distribution of financial resources according to productivity in the Hospital de Clinicas Medical Research Laboratories, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine (Brazil). Revista Médica de Chile, 128 (4), 431-436.Full Text: 200\Rev Med Chi128, 431.pdfAbstract: A challenge that research managers have to face is how to ‘reallocate’ agency budgets in order to bring them in line with the results of performance reviews. Research policies must develop a strategic plan describing their goals, devise yardsticks to measure their progress, and tie that performance to allocate research funds with some degree of priority. Though Brazil already has a substantial presence in world’s science, scientific enterprise must be used to strengthen it. The first step should be to raise standards in Brazilian science by concentrating the resources on supporting excellence. A strategy to judge biomedical research productivity should include tactics to disclose whether the resulting publications have appeared in ideas on performance measurements was conducted at the Laboratories of Medical Research (Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine). These Laboratories of Medical Research proportion of biomedical research at the country’s largest University. This article illustrates that confidence in fairness and consistency with which funds are now being allocated has helped to improve productivity, thus showing that this strategy is fruitful.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Information Systems, Research Support, Science Policy, Impact Factor? Munoz, S.R. and Bangdiwala, S.I. (2001), The use of state of the art statistical methodology in biomedical research: the example of methodology for interim analyses in clinical trials. Revista Médica de Chile, 129 (9), 983-988.Full Text: 2001\Rev Med Chi129, 983.pdfAbstract: Background: Clintcal research stresses the need for evidence as a basis for. setting research agendas. The extent to which current clinical research Involves recent advances in biostatistics is not well known Aim. This manuscript focuses on the use of interim analyses accumulating data in clinical trials. Material and Methods: A PubMed scai-cb was conducted for tbe period 1990-2000. Keywords used included ‘interim analysis’, alpha-spending function’ and ‘early termination’, after subsetting to randomised controlled trials (RCT), that were ‘multicenter’ since these particular studies are more likely to have external monitoring boards conducting interim analyses. Studies were grouped by clinical discipline and also by journals of high or low impact index. Results: Thirteen thousand two hundred eighty two articles with both ‘RCT’ and ‘multicenter’ were found. Of these, the ‘interim analysis’ keyword yielded 879 articles, of which only 163 (19%) studies reported their methodology. The Percentages varied by clinical discipline and by journal type, A 25% random sample of the articles were further reviewed to investigate the appropriateness of the interim analysis methods used. Discussion: Recent articles In the medical literature attempt to make the interim analysis methods more accessible to clinicians. However, further training of statisticians involved in clinical trials is needed as well (Rev Med Chile 2001; 129: 983-8).Keywords: Bibliometrics, Meta-Analysis, Research Design, Statistics? Tapia, L., Torrente, M. and Posada, C. (2002), Authorship in the Chilean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. Analysis of three decades. Revista Médica de Chile, 130 (7), 773-778.Full Text: 2002\Rev Med Chi130, 773.pdfAbstract: Background: The number of authors of scientific papers has increased significantly in the last decade. The increasing complexity of medical research belt also vicious practices are possible causes of this trend. Aim: To analyze the number of authors and type of papers published in the Chilean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery in the last three decades, Material and methods: A review of all manuscripts published between 1970 and 1999. The number of authors and the type of paper was registered. Results: File hundred nineteen papers were reviewed. The mean member of authors per paper increased from 1.9 to 3 (p <0.001). Research reports decreased from 79 to 61% and the number of review articles and case reports increased. No multicentric work was published in the period. Conclusions: A significant Increase in the number of authors per manuscript was observed in this review.Keywords: Case Reports, Complexity, Medical, Medical Research, Methods, Papers, Practices, Research, Review, Trend, Work? Jacard, M., Herskovic, V., Hernandez, I. and Reyes, H. (2002), An analysis of authorship in articles published in Revista Médica de Chile. Revista Médica de Chile, 130 (12), 1391-1398.Full Text: 2002\Rev Med Chi130, 1391.pdfAbstract: Background: Multiauthorship and unjust fiecl authorship have been documented in journals with wide international circulation but this has not been thoroughly studied in journals from developing countries. Revista Medica de Chile is published in Spanish and it contains about 40% of the clinical and biomedical manuscripts generated by Chilean authors. Objectives: To evaluate temporal trends in the number of authors per article in Rev Meet Chile and authors’ compliance with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria of authorship (updated 2001). Design: A retrospective analysis of the number of authorsper article between 1969 and 2000; and a prospective survey applying a contribution checklist to authors of manuscripts published in the year 2000. “Justffied authorship” was assigned to whom self-declared contributions to: 1) conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article, or critically reviewed it; and 3) approved version. “Partial authorship- to wbom lacked one of those 3 criteria. “Unjustified authorship” was assigned to whom participated only in data collection, or in diagnostic/therapeutic procedures, or in the statistical analysis, or in combinations lacking the main descriptors required for justified authorship. Results: The number of authors in research articles increased in the last decade: From 3.9±1.6 (mean±SD) in 1969 and 4.9±2.0 in 1989 to 5.7±2.5* in 1994, 5.2±2.6* in 1999 and 5.4±2.2* in 2000 (7) < 0.05 compared to previous years). In contrast, it remained stable in case reports (4.1±1.9) and in reviews, public health or medical education articles (3.3±1.8). Among 921 authors surveyed (90%, of authors hi the year 2000), 51.2% qualified for “justified authorship”, 42-3% for “partial authorship” and only 6.4% for “unjustified autborsbip”. Conclusions: In a medical journal from a developing country, muiltiauthorship has increased mildly in. research articles. Most participants complied fully or partially with the ICMJE criteria of authorship, Creditable authorship can be improved by continuous education and a critical attitude by the authors, readers, reviewers and editors.Keywords: Analysis, Attitude, Authorship, Biomedical, Case Reports, Chile, Clinical, Collection, Compliance, Conception, Country, Criteria, Data, Data Collection, Design, Developing, Developing Countries, Developing Country, Education, Health, International, Journal, Journals, Medical, Medical Education, Procedures, Prospective, Public, Public Health, Research, Retrospective Analysis, Reviews, Statistical Analysis, Survey, Temporal, Trends, Version? Zarate, V. and Cerda, J. (2007), Strengths and weaknesses of the impact factor of scientific journals. Revista Médica de Chile, 135 (11), 1474-1478.Full Text: 2007\Rev Med Chi135, 1474.pdfAbstract: The impact factor is a bibliometric tool used to estimate the importance for scientfic journals. It is calculated and published annually for journals indexed by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and is a reflax of the average number of citations that each Journal receives during a certain period of time. Since its creation it has been used as criteria in several decision-making processes such as buying journals subscriptions and submitting articles for publication. Operating under the hypothesis “the greater the impact factor the greater the quality of a journal”, it has been subject of numerous controversies, especially due to certain biases around its calculation. The present article describes the Impact Factor and analyses the most important aspects in relation to its calculation, strengths. limitations and common errors on its application (Rev Med Chile 2007; 135: 1474-78).Keywords: Articles, Bibliometric, Chile, Citations, Decision Making, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact-Factor, Institute For Scientific Information, ISI, Journals, Medical Journals, Publication, Quality, Scientific Information, Scientific Journals? Krauskopf, M. and Krauskopf, E. (2008), A scientometric view of Revista Médica de Chile. Revista Médica de Chile, 136 (8), 1065-1072.Full Text: 2008\Rev Med Chi136, 1065.pdfAbstract: Background: During the last decade Revista Medica de Chile increased its visibility, measured on citations and impact factor. Aim: To perform a scientometric analysis to assess the performance of Revista Medica de Chile. Material and methods: Thomson’s-ISI Web of Science and Journal Citation Reports (JCR) were consulted for performance indicators of Revista Medica de Chile and Latin American journals whose subject is General and Internal Medicine. We also report the h-index of the journal, which infers quality linked to the quantity of the output. Results: According to the h-index, Revista Medica de Chile ranks 4 among the 36 journals indexed and published by Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The top ten articles published by Revista Medica de Chile and the institutions with the higher contribution to the journal, were identified using citations. In the Latin American region, Brazil relevantly increased its scientific output. However, Argentina, Chile and Mexico maintain a plateau during the last decade. Conclusions: Revista Medica de Chile increased notoriously its performance. Its contribution to the Chilean scientific community dedicated to Medicine appears to be of central value (Rev Med Chile 2008; 136: 1065-72).Keywords: Abstracting and Indexing as Topic, American, Analysis, Anniversary, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Citation, Citations, Community, Contribution, Countries, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, Institutions, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journalism, Medical, Journals, Latin American, Methods, Mexico, Performance, Periodicals as Topic, Quality, Science, Scientific Output, Scientometric, Value, Visibility, Web of Science? Reyes, H. (2009), Plagiarism in scientific publications. Revista Médica de Chile, 137 (1), 7-9.Full Text: 2009\Rev Med Chi137, 7.pdfAbstract: Similar to what occurs in literature, art and other human endeavours, every scientific report is based in previous work done by others. The new paper should observations or thinking that has been previously proposed or published by others, should be acknowledge properly in the text and in the references. Plagiarism is identified when the authors of a scientific report use ideas or text that belong to others and present them as original, the previous source is concealed or it is referred to in a different context. The authors of a paper that contains plagiarism have the intention to mislead the readers, pretending to be the original authors of an idea that was expressed previously by others, or to be the owners of results shown by them. Plagiarism is a dishonest behaviour and, when discovered, may have dangerous consequences because the editors of the journal may publish a notice of retraction that will be inserted by Medline in both papers; the plagiarized and the plagiarizer, to be noticed by everyone who accesses to either of them in the Internet (Rev Med Chile 2009; 137: 7-9).Keywords: Ethics, Manuscripts, Plagiarism, Ethics? Arriola-Quiroz, I. and Portocarrero, S.S. (2010), Depression in medical students: A bibliometric approach. Revista Médica de Chile, 138 (3), 388-389.Full Text: 2010\Rev Med Chi138, 388.pdfKeywords: Bibliometric, Distress, MedicalTitle: Revista de MetalurgiaFull Journal Title: Revista de MetalurgiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-8570Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Lopez, F.A., Martin, M.I., Perez, C., Lopez-Delgado, A. and Alguacil, F.J. (2003), Heavy metals adsorption on rolling mill scale. Revista de Metalurgia, 39 (3), 215-223.Abstract: A great quantity of industries are responsibles for contaminating the environment with the heavy metals which are containing in their wastewaters. The recovery of these metals is both from an environmental and economical points of view of the upmost interest. A Study is made of the use of mill scale-originating in the hot rolling of steel-as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from liquid effluents. The adsorption of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ on the rolling mill scale was investigated by determination of adsorption isotherms. The effect of time, equilibrium temperature and concentration of metal Solution on mill scale adsorption efficiency was evaluated. The adsorption process was analysed using the theories of Langmuir and Freundlich. Desorption process of metals from loaded mill scales was also studied using several desorbent at different experimental conditions. It has been proved that the mill scale is an effective adsorbent for the cations Studied in aqueous solutions within the range of the working concentrations.Keywords: Rolling Mill Scale, Adsorption, Heavy Metals, Adsorption Isothems, Recovery, Blast-Furnace Sludge, Aqueous-Solutions, Copper Ions, Waste-Water, Removal, Sorption, Pb2+? Rojas-Sola, J.I. and San Antonio-Gómez, C. (2010), Bibliometric analysis of Spanish scientific publications in the subject Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering in Web of Science database (1997-2008). Revista de Metalurgia, 46 (6), 555-562.Full Text: 2010\Rev Met46, 555.pdfKeywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Ceramics, Publications, Science, Scientific Publications, Web of ScienceTitle: Revista Mexicana de BiodiversidadFull Journal Title: Revista Mexicana de BiodiversidadISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Michan, L. and Morrone, J.J. (2008), Impact factor for the Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad at the Science Citation Index in 2007. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 79 (2), 539-540.Abstract: The Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, previously known as Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, has been incorporated to the Web of Science. Its impact factor for 2007 is 0.327, which results relatively high compared to other Latin American journals publishing articles on biodiversity.Keywords: Biodiversity, Citation, Impact, Impact Factor, Journals, Science, Science Citation Index, Web of Science? Michan, L. (2009), Systematics’ Latin American Journals and institutionalization. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 80 (1), 105-117.Abstract: I undertook bibliographic analysis of 11 185 systematic papers from 414 Latin American journals from 1976 to 2006. I present results From journals’ general production, Country of publishing, and disciplines. I identify the most productive journals, their characteristics, development, and details regarding temporal, regional and topical (Cocus and taxa) coverage. Results are discussed in terms of how they contributed to the institutionalization of the field.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometrics, Coverage, Development, Field, Journals, Papers, Periodica Database, Publishing, Science Analysis, Taxonomy, Taxonomy, TemporalTitle: Revista Mexicana de Ingenieria QuimicaFull Journal Title: Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería QuímicaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1665-2738Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Romero-Gonzalez, J., Parra-Vargas, F., Cano-Rodriguez, I., Rodriguez, E., Rios-Arana, J., Fuentes-Hernandez, R. and Ramirez-Flores, J. (2007), Biosorption of Pb(II) by Agave tequilana Weber (Agave Azul) biomass. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química, 6 (3), 295-300.Full Text: 2007\Rev Mex Ing Qui6, 295.pdfAbstract: In this study, the biomass produced from the industrial residues and agricultural waste of Agave tequilana Weber (Agave azul) generated in the production of tequila, demonstrated a high potential for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution. The biosorption capacity of Agave azut leaves biomass was evaluated in batch experiments. These experiments included pH profile, time dependence, and the determination of adsorption capacity. Time profile experiments indicated that the adsorption of Pb ions by Agave azul biomass was time-dependent. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to describe the biosorption of Pb(II) onto the Agave azul leaves biomass at 298 K and pH 5.0. The correlation coefficient for the Freundlich isotherm was much higher than the coefficient for the Langmuir isotherm, indicating that only the Freundlich models fits the data. The maximum capacity (K-F) was 105.5210-2 Mole/g for Pb(II). The adsorption capacity showed by Agave azul biomass was higher than the average values reported in the literature.Keywords: Biosorption, Pb(II), Agave Tequilana Weber, Agave Azul, Heavy-Metals, Aqueous-Solution, Lechuguilla Biomass, Adsorption, Ions, Equilibrium, Parameters, Chromium, Sorption, Removal? Rojas-Sola, J.I. and de San-Antonio-Gómez, C. (2010), Bibliometric analysis of Mexican scientific publications in the category engineering, chemical from the Web of Science data base (1997-2008). Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química, 9 (3), 231-240.Full Text: 2010\Rev Mex Ing Qui9, 231.pdfAbstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize the area of Engineering, Chemical at Mexico. So, it has been reviewed at the institutional level, through the database Web of Science (WoS), work on Engineering, Chemical conducted by researchers in Mexican institutions and published in international journals with impact factor between 1997 and 2008. It the Latin American context, where work has been published rate 6,183 article or review in 119 journals, and in Mexico were found 1,302 articles in 87 journals published mostly in English (96.08%), but in Spanish (3.69%) and French (0.23%). On the other hand, we have analyzed the Universities and Research Centers from the point of view quantitative and qualitative, through some bibliometric indicators as the Weighted Impact Factor, Relative Impact Factor and the ratio between the number of citations compared to the number of documents. Thus, among the five most productive institutions stressed the Mexican Petroleum Institute by the number of documents and the National Autonomous University of Mexico for the ratio between quotes against documents and for the Weighted Impact Factor.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Citations, Context, Database, Engineering Chemical, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, Institutions, International, Journals, Mexico, Purpose, Qualitative, Review, Spanish, Web of Science, WorkTitle: Revista Mexicana de PsicologiaFull Journal Title: Revista Mexicana de PsicologiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0185-6073Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Breton-Lopez, J. and Buela-Casal, G. (2003), Comparative analysis of clinical psychology journals published in Spanish. Revista Mexicana de Psicologia, 20 (1), 141-155.Abstract: The study compared five clinical psychology journals published in Spanish. Comparison mainly used methodological features. Analyses included: theoretical, descriptive (survey), descriptive (observation), qualitative, experimental, quasi-experimental, single case studies, and ex post facto or instrumental. Analyses revealed few qualitative and descriptive (observational) studies as well as a high proportion of articles related to specific theoretical approaches such as the case of the Argentine Journal of Clinical Psychology and the International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. Descriptive studies through surveys predominated in Advances in Latin American Clinical Psychology and Clinics & Health. The largest proportion of quasiexperimental trials appeared in the Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Psychology. Final considerations are proposed regarding methodological applications.Keywords: Journal-Publishing, Bibliometric Analysis, Spanish, Clinical Psychology, Methods? Buela-Casal, G., Carretero-Dios, H. and de los Santos-Roig, M. (2003), Bibliometric analysis of Latin-American psychological journals with an impact factor. Revista Mexicana de Psicologia, 20 (2), 315-326.Abstract: A bibliometric analysis of two Latin-American psychological journals with an impact factor (Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia and Revista Mexicana de Psicologia) is presented. A descriptive survey is made through the analysis of the total number of articles published during 2001 and 2002. Some of the indexes provided by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), such as total quotations per year, immediate index, impact factor, and weighted impact factor, as well as others proposed by these authors. Also, the average number of authors per article in these journals was analyzed, as well as their productivity throughout the time period comprised. Results show a high similarity between both journals.Keywords: Weighted Impact Factor, Bibliometric Analysis, Latin-American Psychological Journals, Self-Concept, Old-Age, Reflexivity-Impulsivity, Psychometric Properties, Mexican, Behavior, Children, Health, Consciousness, Personality? Navarrete-Cortes, J., Quevedo-Blasco, R., Chaichio-Moreno, J.A., Rios, C. and Buela-Casal, G. (2009), Quantitative analysis by country of psychological material published in journals in the Web of Science. Revista Mexicana de Psicologia, 26 (2), 131-143.Abstract: Study aims to establish a map according to scientific production of psychology magazines through article examination of material Published in psychological categories in the Web of Science by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). A total of 470 magazines and 108 741 articles: 103 552 originals, and 5 186 revised, were analyzed using Bibliometric Quantitative Indexes (number of articles, amount of authors, productivity, Interannual Average Variation Rate and Relative Effort Average Index) and socio-economics (number of documents per person/Gross Domestic Product [GDP] of country) Most productive countries in published articles were: USA, England, Canada and Germany. Mexico takes first place for Latin-American Spanish speaking countries. Most productive in articles per author: USA, RUSSIA and England. Worldwide, Europe (55%) and USA (33%) produce 90 percent.Keywords: Bibliometric, Country Ranking, Criteria, Descriptive Study Through Document Analysis, Germany, Impact Factors, Indicators, Internationality, ISI, Quantitative Bibliometric Indexes, Reflections, Science, Scientific Production, Scientific Productivity, Selection, Spain, Spanish Universities, University Professors, Web of ScienceTitle: Revista de MicrobiologiaFull Journal Title: Revista de MicrobiologiaISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Microbiol.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev MicrobiolISSN: 0001-3714Issues/Year: 4Journal Country/Territory: BrazilLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Soc Brasileira MicrobiologiaPublisher Address: AV Prof Lineu Prestes, 1374, 05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilSubject Categories: Microbiology: Impact Factor? Pellizari, V.H. and Martins, M.T. (1995), Occurrence of Legionella sp in water samples from man-made systems of Sao Paulo Brazil. Revista de Microbiologia, 26 (3), 186-191.Abstract: Information on the presence of Legionella sp in the Brazilian environment is rather scarce. The aim of this study was to access the occurrence of Legionella sp in water from houses, public buildings and nosocomial and industrial systems of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sixty nine water samples from cooling towers, evaporative condensers, hot water supplies, showers, tap waters, reservoirs, hospital humidifiers and other sampling sites from public buildings, houses, hospitals and industries were analyzed. Samples were submitted to thermic and acid treatment in parallel and were next inoculated onto BCYE-Agar with or without antibiotics. Untreated samples were also studied. Suspected colonies of Legionella sp were reisolated and analyzed by direct immunofluorescence, and then inoculated into guinea pigs and embryonated eggs. Six (8.7%) of the sixty nine samples analyzed were positive for Legionella sp. A total of nineteen colonies were obtained, being eleven of L. Pneumophila serogroup 1, seven of L. Pneumophila serogroup 6 and one of L. bozemanii. In conclusion, the data demonstrate the presence of Legionella sp in Sao Paulo’s environment, which constitutes a risk to public health and points to the need for a reliable, simple and economic method of water surveillance.Title: Revista Mvz CórdobaFull Journal Title: Revista Mvz CordobaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Carre?o, L.M., Poutou-Pi?ales, R.A., Mattar, S. and Gonzalez, M. (2009), Bibliometric activity indicators for the Journal Mvz Córdoba 1994-2008. Revista Mvz Córdoba, 14 (1), 1531-1543.Full Text: 2009\Rev Mvz Cor14, 1531.pdfAbstract: Objective. To analyze the bibliometric behavior of the journal MVZ-Cordoba and to identify indicators to facilitate decisions that may improve the quality of the publication. Materials and methods. Volumes 1 to 13 consisted of 49.2% original articles, 17.4% thesis abstracts, 17.7% other documents, 8.9% reviews, 4.3% clinical cases, 1.3% opinion articles, 1.0% brief communications and 0.3% institutional articles, for a total of 305 manuscripts by 915 authors citing 4881 references. Indices of collaboration (IC), productivity (IP), Price (IO), aging, insularity (IA) and self-citation (SCR) were calculated; the percentage, distribution and type of articles, the number of authors and the average number of references were also evaluated. Results. The IC, IP, IO, IA and SCR general indices were 3.0, 2.18, 30.3, 7.67 and 8.9% respectively. Burton-Kebler analysis showed an annual aging between 90.5 and 95.1%; loss of currency was 4.93 to 9.52%. Conclusions. The Journal has shown an increasing quality which it is corroborated by its international indexation. In order to maintain increasing quality, the age of the references, the SCR and the IA should be regulated; the Price index and the half life should be increased; bibliometric measurements should be increased in frequency; and monitoring should be established for the bibliometric indexes that are generated through indexing of the journal MVZ Codoba.Keywords: Aging, Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Colaboration Index, Collaboration, Colombia, Impact Factor, Indicators, Insularity Index, Journal, Limitations, Manuscripts, Price Index, Productivity Index, Publication, Research, Self-CitationTitle: Revista de NeurologiaFull Journal Title: Revista de NeurologiaISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. NeurologiaJCR Abbreviated Title: Rev NeurologiaISSN: 0210-0010Issues/Year: 24Journal Country/Territory: SpainLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Revista de NeurologiaPublisher Address: C/O Cesar Viguera, Editor, Apdo 94121, 08080 Barcelona, SpainSubject Categories: Clinical Neurology: Impact Factor 0.256, 123/137 (2000)? Matias Guiu, J. (1997), The concept of authorship in scientific journals. Revista de Neurologia, 25 (138), 314-314.? Lopez-Cozar, E.D. (1997), Incidence of the standardization of scientific journals in the transferral and evaluation of scientific information. Revista de Neurologia, 25 (148), 1942-1946.Abstract: Introduction and objective. I analyze the repercussions of standardization of scientific publications in general, and of journals in particular, on the processes of scientific information transfer, diffusion and evaluation. Development. Standardization facilitates the work of all agents in the primary (authors, publishers and readers) and secondary communication systems (librarians, information scientifics). Compliance with standards influences the presence of journal in bibliographic databases and de quality of bibliometric studies. Standardization thus has repercussions in the evaluation of scienceKeywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Studies, Citation Analysis, Diffusion, Documentation, Errors, Evaluation, Journal, Journals, Library, Periodicals, Publishing, Scientific Information, Scientific Journals, Scientific Publications, Spain, Spanish, Standards? de Dios, J.G. and Moya, M. (1999), The neuropediatry and the other pediatric subspecialities: Analysis by means of bibliometry. Revista de Neurologia, 28 (5), 463-471.Abstract: Introduction. There is no detailed information on the scientific production in neuropediatrics (NP) in Spain, and we studied this problem by means of a model of bibliometric analysis.Material and methods. Retrospective study of all the articles published in the main pediatric Spanish journal (An Esp Pediatr) over a 13 years period (1984-96). Quantitative and qualitative bibliometric indicators of the articles over NP were performed.Results. NP is the subject matter in 7.8% (n = 235) of all the articles published in An Esp Pediatr, the fifth subspeciality in productivity. The main type of articles in NP are Clinical notes (55.3%), double than Originals (29.8%). It is important the absolute productivity of two hospitals (La Paz and Sant Joan de Deu), and the relative productivity of others (Xeral de Galicia, Valdecilla, Ramon y Cajal, etc.). The median of authors (5) and the references (15) per article are similar than other biomedical publications. The essential authorship of the scientific activity in NP fall on hospitals, with poor authorship on University and Health Care Centers. Two unfavorable bibliometric indicators in the articles of NP are: 1. Excessive use of English references (insularity index = 9.54%), and 2. The low statistical accessibility in Original articles (1.81), lower than greater part of the pediatric subspecialities.Conclusions. NP have a significant quantitative importance in pediatric journals, with some bibliometric indicators that it is suitable to improve: low percentage of Originals with low statistical accessibility, and low insularity index.Keywords: Bibliometry, Neuropediatrics, Scientific Production, Medical-Scientific Activity, Science-Citation-Index, Life Sciences, Indicators, Biomedicine, Journals, Health, Consumption, Information, Impact? de Dios, J.G. (2005), Neonatal neurology decision-making starting from systematic reviews of cochrane collaboration. Revista de Neurologia, 40 (8), 453-459.Abstract: Introduction. Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provides growing and readily accessible resource to help that decision-making care is based on detailed, critical, and current reviews of the best available evidence. There are many clinical questions for which there is no good evidence on which to base clinical practice. Aim. To analyse the bibliometric characteristics of the systematic reviews (SR) about neonatal neurology published in Neonatal CC. Materials and methods. Bibliometric analysis of The Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews in Neonatal CC, Issue 1, 2004 (n = 169 SR). The dependent variable registered in each SR was subject area of study (mainly neurology subject area) and the rest of variables were considered independent: authors (number and country), dates (late review and update), characteristics of included clinical trials (number and type), characteristics of the newborns included (number and gestacional age), reviewer’s conclusions and potential conflicts of interest. Results. Neurology was the third most important subject area in Neonatal CC (13 SR), after the subject area of respiratory (73 SR) and gastroenterology-nutrition (26 RS). We identified three selective clusters of secondary investigation in neonatal neurology SR: intraventricular haemorrhage (4 SR), perinatal asphyxia (4 SR) and opiate withdrawal syndrome (2 SR). The number of clinical trials (median 4), patients (median 193), update (46%), sufficient conclusion (54%) and potential conflicts of interest (8%) in each SR is similar to the rest of SR in Neonatal CC; the only difference we found is less preterm infants (15%) in this SR. All the SR are about interventions for the treatment or prevention of diseases, and we don’t found any review about diagnostic tests. Conclusions. At the moment, the neonatal neurology SR published in Neonatal CC are infrequent and almost half of them the reviewer’s conclusions are insufficient for inferring probable effects in clinical practice. Many therapies in neonatal neurology persist without supportive evidence, and some common therapies may actually be harmful, and these are the conclusions found in SR about intraventricular haemorrhage. We detected no SR about important neuropediatric themes in neonatal period: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, periventricular leukomalacia, neonatal seizures, hypotonia, etc.Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Care, Cochrane Collaboration, Collaboration, Evidence-Based Decision-Making, Evidence-Based Medicine, Evidence-Based Medicine, Future, Neonatal Neurology, Systematic Reviews? de Dios, J.G. and Balaguer-Santamaria, J.A. (2006), What can we expect of collaborative review groups of Cochrane Collaboration in neuropaediatrics? Revista de Neurologia, 43 (10), 589-597.Full Text: 2006\Rev Neu43, 589.pdfAbstract: Introduction. Cochrane Collaboration (CC) contains detailed, critical and up-to-date systematic reviews (SR) of the best scientific evidence available. Aim. To analyse the bibliometric characteristics of the SR related to paediatric neurology published in the 50 Collaborative Review Groups (CRG) of the CC. Materials and methods. Bibliometric analysis of the Database of Systematic Reviews in Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005 (n = 2.231 SR). The variables recorded were: number of SR and protocols in any CRG, authors and clusters of secondary research, dates (late review and update), type of study, critical review of the SR and conclusions. Results. Nine published SR about neuropaediatrics: the Epilepsy Group (24 SR), the Neuromuscular Disease Group (16), the Neonatal Group (16), the Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group (10), the Pain, Palliative Care and Supportive Care Group (4), the Movement Disorders Group (3), the Injuries Group (3), the Infections Disease Group (3) and the Acute Respiratory Infections Group (2). The three main thematic areas were treatment of epilepsy (pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic), neonatal neurology (mainly intraventricular haemorrhage and perinatal asphyxia) and miscellanea (autism spectrum disorder headache, cerebral palsy, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Bell’s palsy and bacterial meningitis). All the SR were about treatment interventions. Conclusions. Paediatric neurology SR are infrequent (3.6% of the 2.231 SR published in CC), and helps an evidence-based decision-making in a few areas: pharmacologic treatment of epilepsy, management of intraventricular haemorrhage of preterm infants and bacterial meningitis. Many therapies in paediatric neurology persist with no supporting evidence, and we detected no SR about important neurological issues in childhood as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, mental retardation and hypotonia.Keywords: Analysis, Andalusia-Epilepsy, Autism, Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Bibliometric, Cerebral Palsy, Characteristics, Childhood, Clinical Trials, Clusters, Cochrane Collaboration, Decision Making, Decision-Making, Diagnostic-Tests, Disorders, Epilepsy, Epilepsy-Society Guide, Evidence-Based Decision-Making, Evidence-Based Medicine, Groups, Headache, Hyperactivity, Infants, Interventions, Management, Mental, Mental Retardation, Methods, Neurology, Paediatric Neurology, Paper-Based Journals, Partial Seizures, Refractory Epilepsy, Research, Retardation, Review, Reviews, Systematic Reviews, Systematic Reviews, Therapy 2005, Treatment? de Dios, J.G., Sempere, A.P. and Aleixandre-Benavent, R. (2007), Biomedical publications in Spain on debate (I): State of neurological journals. Revista de Neurologia, 44 (1), 32-42.Abstract: Introduction. Bibliometric studies belong to the so-called ‘social studies of science’, and science policy constitutes one of its main applied fields, providing objective and useful tools for evaluating the results of scientific activity. Neurological sciences are very important in the bibliometric map of Spain about biomedicine and health sciences, from a quantitative (second thematic area in productivity, only after biology-biochemical) and a qualitative (high health costs and morbimortality) point of view. Development. In Spain we can found about 360 biomedical journals, 18 of them related to the area of neurological sciences. In 2005, only 17 biomedical Spanish journals were in the Science Citation Index database, three of them in the field of neurosciences: Neurologia (impact factor: 0.57), Revista de Neurologia (0.39) and Neurocirugia (0.23), and these journals have also very good Latindex criteria about formal aspects. But it is important to mention that the impact factor specifically measures visibility and diffusion of the works published by these journals rather than their scientific quality. We search the answer to some questions about the present and future of biomedical journals in general and neurological journals in particular: paper or electronic publication? free access or open access?, scientific journal or scientific article?, English or Spanish publication? Conclusions. The Acuerdo de Buenos Aires is an initiative to promote scientific neurological papers of high quality in Spanish. The current status of neurological journals in the bibliometric context of our country is good and open to the advantages of electronic and free access.Keywords: Access, Activity, Anales-Espanoles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Biomedical Journals, Biomedicine, Cochrane Collaboration, Costs, Current, Decision-Making, Diffusion, English, General, Health, Health Costs, Health Sciences, Health-Sciences, Impact, Impact Factor, Journal, Journals, Neurological Sciences, Paper, Pediatric Subspecialities, Policy, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Qualitative, Quality, Science, Science Citation Index, Science Policy, Science-Citation-Index, Science-Policy, Sciences, Social, Spain, Spanish Scientific Production, Systematic Reviews, Tools, Visibility? Vilalta-Franch, J., Garre-Olmo, J., Lopez-Pousa, S., Coll-De Tuero, G. and Monserrat-Vila, S. (2007), Telemedicine and dementia: A need for the 21st century. Revista de Neurologia, 44 (9), 556-561.Abstract: Introduction. The ongoing process of information and communication technologies in health services implies a change in the conception, organization and management of these services. Telemedicine is a working method that allows health professionals to explore and/or treat a patient from an off-site location. In this review we provide a historical background on telemedicine, the evolution of its bibliornetric impact, and its application for people with dementia. Development. Telemedicine’s applications have been developed in order to provide greater availability and easier access to healthcare to underserved people. The bibliometric.study of telemedicine literature shows an increase in the number of bibliographic references related to telemedicine since 1995. During the last,few years in Spain the research and development of telemedicine programs have increased significantly and at present there are telemedicine programs in all regions of the country. Although some of the needs of the patients with dementia may be unsuitable for communication and information technologies, their application could offer an added value to health services. This technology does not attempt to replace face-to face medical consultations but rather to prevent some difftculties this kind of patients can present and improve their quality of life. Conclusions. Dementia could be an appropriate field in order to implement some telemedicine programs that may improve patient medical care, and reduce medical and management expenses for social and healthcare services.Keywords: Access, Accuracy, Alzheimer Disease, Applications, Availability, Background, Bibliographic References, Communication, Dementia, Depression, Development, Diagnosis, Disability, Evolution, Experience, Health, Health Services, Healthcare, Historical, Impact, Information, Information and Communication, Information and Communication Technology, Intervention, Life, Location, Management, Medical, Order, Patient, Patients, Primary-Care, Process, Quality, Quality of Life, Remote Consultation, Research, Research and Development, Review, Services, Social, Spain, System, Technologies, Telehealth, Telemedicine? eixandre-Benavent, R., onso-Arroyo, A., Gonzalez-Alcaide, G., de Dios, J.G., Sempere, A.P. and Valderrama-Zurian, J.C. (2007), Gender analysis of papers published in Revista de Neurologia (2002-2006). Revista de Neurologia, 45 (3), 137-143.Abstract: Introduction. There is an ongoing interest in the society in promoting gender equality and in women integration in research activities. The purpose of this work is to identify from a gender perspective the bibliometric characteristics of articles published in Revista de Neurologia journal during the 2002-2006 period. Materials and methods. Records were obtained from Science Citation Index database of ISI-Thomson platform. The,following indicators were determined, disaggregated by gender: year of publication, type of document, number and order of signatures, number of collaborators, signature, papers index and in the institutional and geographical level. Results. 4527 authors were identified, 2614 (57.74%) men and 1913 (42.,26%) women. The highest women’s participation took place in original articles (39.01% of signatures). 44.5% of authors with one published article were women, while ‘big women producers’ (those with more than 9 articles) only were 16.67%. A greater productivity in men and a greater rate of collaboration in women has been detected. Conclusions. Scientific activity studies disaggregated by gender give an essential information in order to establish the basis of a scientific policy for promoting the woman as researcher. The evolution in the number of female authors in Revista de Neurologia journal does not present an aiming growth to reach the parity in the next years. A low presence of women in positions of high productivity has been detected, whose causes should be identified.Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biomedical Publications, Citation, Citation Index, Collaboration, Database, Discrimination, Evolution, Gender, Gender Analysis, Growth, Impact Factor, Indicators, Integration, Journal, Journals, Medicine, Methods, Papers, Productivity, Publication, Research, Revista De Neurologia, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Journals, Scientific Policy, Scientists, Spain, Women? Gonzalez-Alcaide, G., onso-Arroyo, A., de Dios, J.G., Sempere, A.P., Valderrama-Zurian, J.C. and eixandre-Benavent, R. (2008), Coauthorship networks and institutional collaboration in Revista de Neurologia. Revista de Neurologia, 46 (11), 642-651.Abstract: Introduction. Scientific cooperation is essential for the advance of science. Bibliometrics and social network analysis offer evaluation indicates to analyse collaboration in scientific papers. The aim of this study is to characterize scientific collaboration patterns in Revista de Neurologia between 2002 and 2006. Materials and methods. Coauthorships and institutional relationships of papers published in Revista de Neurologia have been identified. Collaboration Index, the most productive author’s and institutional collaboration patterns and the types of institutional collaboration patterns and the types of institutional collaborations have been quantified. Also, it has been constructed the coauthorship networks and the institutional collaboration network. Networks have been identified and represented using Access and Pajek software tools. Results. The Collaboration Index was 4.01, 56.54% of papers involved institutional collaboration. The collaboration between institutions of the same country prevails (52.7%), followed by collaborations between departments, services or units of the same institution (40.47%) and international collaboration (6.83%). 45 coauthorship networks involving 149 investigators with a high intensity of collaboration and a large institutional network involved 80 centres were observed. Conclusions. Revista de Neurologia covers scientific production of a high number of research groups. It has been observed a positive evolution in the collaborative patterns over the time. Nevertheless, it is essential to encourage inter-regional and international collaboration patterns over the time. Nevertheless, it is essential to encourage inter-regional and international collaboration.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Biomedical Publications, Coauthorship, Coauthorship Networks, Collaboration, Evaluation, Evolution, Institutional Collaboration, International Collaboration, Journals, Methods, Network, Network Analysis, Networks, Papers, Research, Revista De Neurologia, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Production, Social Network Analysis, Software, Spain, Tools? Dorta-Contreras, A.J., Arencibia-Jorge, R., Martí-Lahera, Y. and Araujo-Ruiz, J.A. (2008), Productivity and visibility of Cuban neuroscientists: Bibliometric study of the period 2001-2005. Revista de Neurologia, 47 (7), 355-360.Full Text: 2008\Rev Neu47, 355.pdfAbstract: Introduction. Neurosciences hate an important place inside the scientific development of Ibero American countries, and particularly in Cuba. The objective of the current work is to analyze the productivity and visibility of Cuban neuroscientists ill the period 2001-2005, and the value of H index as evaluation tool. Materials and methods. Web of Science and Scopus were the databases used as information sources. The 24 Cuban neuroscientists in Web of Science were identified, and their scientific production in Scopus (vas retrieved. For each author; in each database, the following indicators were calculated: total number of published authors, total number of cited articles, proportion of cited articles, total number of citations received, average of citations received by article, and H index. Results. Some variations in the calculated indicators were observed in Scopus with respect to Web of Science. The wide coverage of this database exerted influence oil the increment of. scientist’s productivity, as well as oil the increment of H index values. Conclusions. The possible incorporation of citation analysis, as well as other indicators derived, hi the processes of evaluation card analysis of the scientific activity was considered, in order to evaluate the advances in the Neurosciences field. [REV NEUROL 2008: 47: 355-60].Keywords: Advances, American, Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Coverage, Cuba, Database, Databases, Development, Evaluation, Field, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Incorporation, Index, Indicators, Influence, Information, Journals, Methods, Neurosciences, Production, Productivity, Revista-de-Neurologia, Science, Scientific Production, Scientific Productivity, Scientific-Research, Scopus, Sources, Spain, Successive h-Indexes, Tool, Value, Values, Visibility, Web, Web of Science, WorkNotes: JJournal? de Dios, J.G., Valderrama-Zurian, J.C., Gonzalez-Alcaide, G., Sempere, A.P., Bolanos-Pizarro, M. and Aleixandre-Benavent, R. (2009), Approximation to the impact of Biomedical Journals in Neurological Sciences: Study of bibliometric indicators in the Journal Citation Reports-Science Citation Index 2006. Revista de Neurologia, 48 (3), 117-128.Full Text: Rev Neu48, 117.pdfAbstract: Introduction. Neurological sciences form a multidisciplinary field that produces a wide range of scientific journals. The aim of this study was to perform a scientometric analysis of neurological science journals in the 2006 Journal Citation Reports-Science Citation Index (JCR-SCI) edition. Materials and methods. We stud), the three areas dedicated to neurological sciences (Neurosciences, Clinical Neurology and Neuroimaging) in the 2006 JCR-SCI edition. Bibliometric indicators used are: journals, articles, citations, impact factor (IF), immediacy index, half life and journals with the greatest IF in each speciality. We also perform a special analysis of Spanish neurological journals in JCR-SCI. Results. In the area of Neurosciences we find a total of 200 journals, 27,157 articles, 1,109,784 citations and an average IF of 2,446, the greatest IF belonging to Annu Rev Neurosci (28,533) and Nat Rev Neurosci (23,054); Spanish journals: Neurocirugia and Acta Esp Psiquiatr The area of Clinical Neurology contains 147 journals, 18,114 articles, 540,364 citations and an average IF of 1,848, the greatest IF belonging to Lancet Neurol (9,479) and Ann Neurol (8,051); Spanish journals: Neurologia and Rev Neurol. The area of Neuroimaging contains 13 journals, 1,747 articles, 49,210 citations and an average IF of 1,298, the greatest IF belonging to Neuroimage (5,559) and Hum Brain Mapp (4,888). Conclusions. We found out a broad representation of neurological journals front the 6,166 journals included in the 2006 JCR-SCI edition. Bibliometric characteristics differ in accordance to the clinical (Clinical Neurology) or experimental (Neurosciences) nature of the area. Even though bibliometric indicators for the four Spanish neurological journals have gradually improve over the previous 5 years, they are still proportionally ranked low in JCR-SCI. Due to significant limitations observed in the IF, we suggest conducting its analysis from a multidimensional bibliometric perspective, and always within its contextual research area. [REV NEUROL 2009; 48: 117-28].Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Biomedical Journals, Characteristics, Citation, Citations, Clinical, Experimental, Field, Half-Life, Health-Sciences, Immediacy Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Index, Indicators, Journals, Life, Map, Methods, Multidimensional, Multidisciplinary, Neurological, Neurological Sciences, Neurology, Neurosciences, Quality, Representation, Research, Science, Science Journals, Sciences, Scientific Journals, Scientometric, Scientometric Analysis, Spain, Spanish, Spanish Journals, Spanish Scientific Production? Inigo, J. and Iriarte, J. (2011), Evolution of the literature on clinical neurology in Spain, France, Italy and Germany over the period 2000-2009. Revista de Neurologia, 53 (10), 591-599.Full Text: 2011\Rev Neu53, 591.pdfAbstract: Aim. This study analyzes the productivity and visibility of Spanish publications in the area of clinical neurology in the period 2000-2009 and compared with those for Italy, France and Germany. Materials and methods. We used the database Web of Science. The analysis (annual and in five-year) was restricted to the citable documents (original articles, reviews and proceedings papers). Bibliometric indicators used were the number of publications, citations received by publications and Hirsch’s h-index. We also assessed the slope of the annual growth rate (b), the number of publications by language and the international collaboration. Results. In the period 2000-2009 there were 46,114 publications in neurology clinic of which 6,998 were Spanish publications (h = 75), 11,629 in Italy (h = 101), French 9,745 (h = 102) and 20,143 in Germany (h = 124). The rate of increase in the total number of publications in Spain (b = 15) was lower than that observed in Italy (b = 65), Germany (b = 61) or France (b = 34). In the case of publications in English, the growth rate was higher for Spain (b = 37) than for France (b = 36) but lower than for Germany (b = 54) and Italy (b = 65). Conclusions. Although the total number of publications and the observed increase are lower in Spain compared to Italy, France or Germany, the Spanish publications in Clinical Neurology shows good trend indicators with regard to publications in English and international collaboration. This improvement was associated with greater visibility as showed by the five-year analysis of citations received by Spanish publications.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Biomedical Publications, Citations, Collaboration, Comparison Between Countries, English, Evolution, France, French, Germany, Growth, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch’s h Index, Hirschs h-Index, Impact Factor, International Collaboration, Italy, Journals, Literature, Papers, Productivity, Publications, Publications in Neurology, Quality, Science, Science-Citation-Index, Scientific Publication, Spain, Trend, Visibility, Web, Web of ScienceTitle: Revista de Nutri??o-Brazilian Journal of NutritionFull Journal Title: Revista de Nutricao-Brazilian Journal of NutritionISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor, /? Tomas-Castera, V., Sanz-Valero, J. and Wanden-Berghe, C. (2010), Bibliometric study of the scientific production of the Revista de Nutricao through the SciELO network (2001 to 2007). Revista de Nutri??o-Brazilian Journal of Nutrition, 23 (5), 791-799.Full Text: 2010\Rev Nut-Bra J Nut23, 791.pdfAbstract: Objetive This study made a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production and information production and consumption of the Revista de Nutricao as a scientific journal in the field of the health sciences, between 2001 and 2007. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study on the scientific activity and information production published by the Revista de Nutricao, through the SciELO network in the abovementioned period. Results The journal published a total of 368 papers, of which 241 (65.49%) were original articles, and the productivity index was 2.38. Eighty-five institutions were represented by these papers. The main language is Portuguese, with 349 articles (94.84%). There were 1574 keywords, of which 1135 (72.11%) corresponded to DeCS or MeSH descriptors, and 102 articles (27.72%) with all keywords being equivalent to descriptors. Study of the keywords revealed a clear community trend. The median obsolescence of the references cited by Revista de Nutricao is 11 and the Price Index is 11.69%. The percentage of self-citations is 2.08. Conclusion In general, the Revista de Nutricao is a publication of international level that remains within the bibliometric indicators of the health sciences journals published in Latin American countries. The journal has an excellent equivalence between keywords and health sciences descriptors (DeCS). The obsolescence of its references was somewhat high but this changed in 2006 and 2007, the last years covered by this study.Keywords: Acess To Information, Analysis, Articles, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Study, Bibliometrics, Community, Consumption, Field, General, Health, Health Sciences, Hospitalaria, Index, Indicators, Information, Institutions, International, Journal, Journal Article, Journals, Medical Subject Headings, Network, Obsolescence, Papers, Period 2001-2005, Productivity, Publication, References, Scielo, Sciences, Scientific Journal, Scientific Production, Self-Citations, TrendTitle: Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica-Pan American Journal of Public HealthFull Journal Title: Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica-Pan American Journal of Public HealthISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1020-4989Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor, /? Macias-Chapula, C.A. (2005), Toward a model of communications in public health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 18 (6), 427-438.Full Text: 2005\Rev Pan Sal Pub18, 427.pdfAbstract: Objective. So far, there have been no bibliometric or scientometric studies that make it possible to examine, with quantitative, retrospective, and comprehensive criteria, the scientific output on public health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Further, the weakness of the existing information systems makes it impossible to examine the relevance, quality, and impact of this scientific output, with a view to evaluating it in terms of societal needs and existing patterns of scientific communication. This article presents the results of a bibliographic analysis of the scientific output in the area of public health in Latin America and the Caribbean. The ultimate goal of the analysis is to build a model of scientific communication in this field, to help researchers, managers, and others working in the area of public health to make decisions and choose actions to take. Methods. We conducted a literature review in order to identify the distribution of publications on public health that were produced by LAC researchers and published in each of the LAC countries from 1980 through 2002. The review used the Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Saude Publica (LILACS-SP) (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Public Health) bibliographic database. That database is operated by the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), which is in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We processed the LILACS-SP data using two software packages, Microsoft Excel and Bibexcel, to obtain indicators of the scientific output, the type of document, the language, the number of authors for each publication, the thematic content, and the participating institutions. For the 1980-2002 period, there were 97 605 publications registered, from a total of 37 LAC countries. Results. For the analysis presented in this article, we limited the sample to the 8 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean that had at least 3 000 documents each registered in the LILACS-SP database over the 1980-2002 study period. In descending order of the number of publications registered, the 8 nations were: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. Those 8 countries were responsible for 83 054 publications (85.10% of the total of 97 605 registered documents produced by the 37 LAC countries). Of those 83 054 publications from the 8 countries, 56 253 of them (67.73%) were articles published in scientific journals and 24 488 were monographs (29.48%). The proportion of works produced by two or more coauthors was relatively high (56.48%). The 56 253 articles appeared in a total of 929 different journals. Of the 929 journals, 91 of them published at least 150 articles over the study period. In descending order, LAC journals with the largest number of articles on public health were: Revista de Saúde Pública (Brazil); Cadernos de Saude Publica (Brazil); Revista Medica de Chile; Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion (Venezuela); and Salud Publica de Mexico. The 91 journals that published at least 150 articles represented 29 different specialties. The most common of the specialties for the 91 journals were general medicine (18 journals) and pediatrics (10 journals). In descending order, the populations that the publications dealt with primarily were human beings in general, females, males, and adults; and, in descending order, a relatively small number of publications dealt with pregnant women and middle-aged or elderly persons. The topics most often covered in the publications were risk factors, health policy, and primary health care, as well as family doctors in the case of Cuba. Conclusions. This research produced a preliminary model of communications in public health in LAC countries that will hopefully help lay the groundwork for further research to develop a model of scientific communication in LAC nations.Keywords: Adults, AIDS Literature, Analysis, Argentina, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Cancer, Caribbean, Caribbean Region, Chile, China, Colombia, Communication, Distribution, Elderly, Elderly Persons, Family, Field, General, Goal, Health, Health Care, Health Policy, Human, Impact, India, Indicators, Information, Institutions, Language, Latin America, Literature Review, Mexico, Model, Output, Pediatrics, Periodicals, Policy, Pregnant, Primary Health Care, Public Health, Publication, Publications, Quality, Research, Review, Risk, Risk Factors, Scientific Communication, Scientific Output, Scientific Production, Software, Subject Content, Venezuela, Women? Carrasco-Portino, M., Vives-Cases, C., Gil-Gonzalez, D. and varez-Dardet, C. (2007), What do we know about men who abuse their female partner? A systematic review. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 22 (1), 55-63.Full Text: 2007\Rev Pan Sal Pub22, 55.pdfAbstract: Objectives. To analyze articles published in scientific journals from 2000 to 2005 that specifically focus on men who abuse their female partner, and to identify characteristics that the quantitative empirical studies have in common. Methods. A systematic review of articles published from January 2000 to June 2005 on the topic of men who abuse their female partner was conducted by searching the following databases: EconLit, EMBASE, Eric, Francis, Indice MEdico Espanol, ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science and Current Contents), MEDLINE, Psicodoc, PsycInfo, and Sociological Abstracts. Results. of the 944 studies identified, victim-specific articles were eliminated, and 61 (6.5%) were analyzed. of these, violence-related journals had published 34 (55.7%); medical sciences journals had published only 4 (6.6%). North American institutions had published 47 of the 61 articles (77.0%), most of which were from the United States of America (70.5%), and only 1 article (1.6%) came from Latin America (Puerto Rico). of the 29 articles that employed quantitative analysis, 19 (65.5%) examined the etiology of and risk factors related to domestic violence, and 10 (34.5%) focused on interventions geared toward the aggressor. Conclusions. Few scientific studies were found that tackled the causes of violence against the female partner, and those that did used epidemiological methods that fell short of quantifying the causes of partner violence. Studies that approach the issue from a curative angle do not provide enough evidence on the effectiveness of programs aimed at abusers. No articles were found in public health journals. The absence of scientific literature on this topic could be impeding informed policy-making and hindering efforts to put more effective intervention programs in place.Keywords: Alcohol, Analysis, Battered Women, Batterer Intervention Programs, Completion, Consequences, Databases, Domestic Violence, Domestic Violence, Effectiveness, Etiology, Intervention, Interventions, ISI, Journals, Knowledge, Latin America, Literature, Medical, Men, Methods, Perpetrators, Policy Making, Public Health, Puerto Rico, Quantitative, Review, Review Literature, Risk, Risk Factors, Science, Sciences, Select Group, Spouse Abuse, Systematic, Systematic Review, Typologies, Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, Women, Work? Ortiz, A.P., Calo, W.A., Suárez-Balseiro, C., Maura-Sardo, M. and Suárez, E. (2009), Bibliometric assessment of cancer research in Puerto Rico, 1903-2005. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 25 (4), 353-361.Full Text: 2009\Rev Pan Sal Pub25, 353.pdfAbstract: Objective. The analysis of scientific production in Puerto Rico is largely unexplored. The main aim of this study is to present the characteristics and trends of cancer publications in Puerto Rico’s biomedical journals and their relationship with the island’s cancer mortality. Methods. A PubMed and a hard-copy search were performed to retrieve cancer-related articles published in the Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal and the Boletin de la Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico from 1903 to 2005. Bibliometric indicators studied included the number of authors and references by article, first author’s institutional affiliation and country, document type, and language. The study type and tumor classification were also recorded. Cancer proportional mortality (M%) in Puerto Rico and the proportion of cancer-related articles (P%) published were also evaluated. The annual percent change (APC) was estimated to assess trends. Results. A total of 369 articles were retrieved. The institutions with the majority of publications were universities (39.6%), English was the predominant publication language (72.1%), and the principal document type was original papers (69.6%). Epidemiologic studies were the dominant study type (62.1%), and the most studied cancers were digestive (15.4%) and gynecologic (9.6%). Although the P% has increased since 1913 (APC = 1.2%), the M% increased at a faster pace (APC = 2.7%). Conclusions. Although a growth in the number of cancer publications is observed in these journals, it does not parallel the increase in proportional mortality. A better understanding of the cancer publications in Puerto Rico is essential to establish priorities, define future areas of research, and develop cancer control strategies.Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Cancer, Citation Analysis, Collaboration, Disparities, European-Union, Health, Indicators, International Scientific Cooperation, Journals, Medical-Research, Mortality, Policy, Productivity, Publications, Puerto Rico, Research, Sciences, Scientific Production, TrendsTitle: Revista Portuguesa de PneumologiaFull Journal Title: Revista Portuguesa de PneumologiaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Donato, H. (2008), The Portuguese Pulmonology Journal on the Science Citation Index. Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia, 14 (6), 725-726Keywords: Citation, Science, Science Citation IndexTitle: Revista de PsicodidacticaFull Journal Title: Revista de PsicodidacticaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Buela-Casal, G. (2010), Scientific journal impact indexes and indicators for measuring researchers’ performance. Revista de Psicodidactica, 15 (1), 3-19.Full Text: 2010\Rev Psi15, 3.pdfAbstract: This paper describes the most relevant indicators for measuring the output, productivity and impact of researchers. The advantages and disadvantages of the most important indicators are analysed: impact of journals factor, impact of papers factor, weighted impact factor, accumulated impact factor, author impact factor, number of papers with impact factor, immediacy index, h index, internationality index, accumulated citation index, citations per paper index, citations per year index, etc. The indicators are classified in accordance with journal, papers, productivity, output and impact, etc. Finally, the paper offers some thoughts regarding the use of the different indexes.Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citations, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, Internationality, Internationality Index, Journal, Journals, Productivity, Programs, Psychology Journals, Quality, Researchers, Scientific Output, Spain? Mintegi, L., Esnaola, I., Diaz, M. and Goni, A. (2011), Fifteen years (1996-2010) of the Revista de Psicodidactica/Journal of Psychodidactics. Revista de Psicodidactica, 16 (1), 3-17.Full Text: 2011\Rev Psi16, 3.pdfAbstract: This paper offers an overview of the development of the Revista de Psicodidactica/Journal of Psychodidactis since its creation in 1996 to the year 2010. With the exception of the year 2004, in which only one issue was published, the journal has been published regularly every six months, making a total of 29 issues. This paper provides bibliometric data about the authors whose work has featured in the journal, the origin (university and region/country) of the papers published and the fields of knowledge and themes dealt with. The number of papers focusing on different psychopedagogic areas varies widely, probably as a reflection of the unequal development of research in the different fields. Also, when the data from the three five-year periods (the initial period, the maintenance period and the period of transformation) are compared, a clear development becomes apparent: at first, the journal was a regional publication, featuring mainly authors from the immediate environment; over recent years, however, it has become a publication which features a growing number of external authors and which complies with the requisites established by journal quality assessment agencies. Analysing this trajectory enables us both to determine the journal’s identifying characteristics and to establish future objectives.Keywords: Assessment, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Characteristics, Data, Development, Environment, First, Impact Factor, Journal, Journal Quality, Knowledge, Origin, Papers, Publication, Quality, Recent, Reflection, Regional, Research, Research Assessment, Revista de Psicodidactica, Journal of Psychodidactics, Scientific Publication, Trajectory, Transformation, University, WorkTitle: Revista de Psicologia del DeporteFull Journal Title: Revista de Psicologia del DeporteISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Ibarzabal, F.A., Dominguez, J.D.A. and Benitez, R.T. (2010), A bibliometric analysis of the “Revista de Psicologia del Deporte” (1992-2009). Revista de Psicologia del Deporte, 19 (2), 231-245.Full Text: 2010\Rev Psi Dep19, 231.pdfAbstract: Revista de Psicologia del Deporte (The Journal of Sport Psychology) is analysed from a bibliometric point of view from 1992-2009. With 36 issues, 297 papers and 223 different authors as primary signatories, there is an average of 2.53 authors. As a lead author, the most productive is Dr. E. Garces de Los Fayos, with a collaboration index of 73.879i of the papers. The University of Valencia is the most productive, followed by the Autonomous University of Barcelona. The references are updated on average every 8.5 years and the Price index is 33.99%. Lastly, the most articles have been published about football, with 11.5%, followed by basketball with 6.62% and rennis with 3.48%.Keywords: Bibliometric, Journal, Lead, Psychology, Review, SportTitle: Revista de Psiquiatria ClinicaFull Journal Title: Revista de Psiquiatria ClinicaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Passarela, C.D., Mendes, D.D. and Mari, J.D. (2010), A systematic review to study the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for sexually abused children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 37 (2), 63-68.Full Text: 2010\Rev Psi Cli37, 63.pdf? Mululo, S.C.C., de Menezes, G.B., Fontenelle, L. and Versiani, M. (2009), Cognitive behavioral-therapies, cognitive therapies and behavioral strategies for the treatment of social anxiety disorder. Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 36 (6), 221-228.Full Text: 2009\Rev Psi Cli36, 221.pdfAbstract: Background: Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) exhibit distinctive patterns of response to different types of cognitive and/or behavioral treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the best techniques used for the treatment of this disorder. Objective: The aim of this paper is to perform a systematic review of controlled studies that evaluated the efficacy of cognitive and/or behavioral techniques on the treatment of SAD. Method: A systematic analysis of randomized clinical trials indexed in the following databases was made: PUBMED/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, and related articles. Results: No consensus on the efficacy of associating cognitive and behavioral therapies was found. Novel techniques (such as virtual reality, by-computer homework, and self therapy with therapeutic assistance) were found to be as effective as standard cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The association of CBT with the avoidance of safety behaviors, as well as with social skills training was associated with an additional advantage. As for behavioral therapy, focus training and exposure therapy were considered to be the most effective techniques. Further, individual treatment was more effective than group therapy, and weekly sessions were associated with better results than those occurring at least every other week. Discussion: Both cognitive and behavioral (standard and innovative) therapies are effective for treating social phobia.Keywords: Analysis, Anxiety, Applied Relaxation, Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Cognitive Behavioral Therapies, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Therapies, Comorbidity, Controlled Studies, Databases, Disorder, Efficacy, Exposure, Exposure In-Vivo, Fear, Group Therapy, Help, ISI, Phobia, Randomized Clinical Trials, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials, Randomized-Controlled-Trial, Review, Sad, Safety, Safety Behaviors, Science, Social, Social Anxiety, Social Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia, Social Skills Training, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Training, Treatment, Virtual Reality, Web of ScienceAbstract: Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the possible consequences of sexual abuse of children and adolescents, may be found in about 40% to 50% of the cases. Objective: Conduct a systematic review of studies investigating the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of sexually abused children and adolescents with PTSD. Methods: A search for randomized clinical trials that evaluated PTSD in children and adolescents from 1980 to February 1, 2006 was conducted in the following databases: MedLine, EMBASE, LILACS, PsycLIT, PsycINFO, Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group Database of Trials, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Science Citation Index (SciSearch), and PILOTS. References in all clinical trials selected were hand-searched. Results: Of the 43 studies initially selected, only three met inclusion criteria. The following comparisons were found in the studies: CBT to treat child and family member versus no treatment (waiting list); CBT to treat only child, only parents, or both versus community care; and trauma-focused CBT versus child-centered therapy (CCT). Results for CBT treatment of PTSD were better than no treatment (waiting list) (p < 0.05), community care (p < 0.01) and CCT (p < 0.01). The comparison of child-only CBT and family CBT (parents or caretakers and children) did not reveal any significant differences in efficacy, and both showed significant improvement of symptoms. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of CBT (child-only and family) versus no treatment (waiting list and community care) in the remission of patients who completed treatment. Remission rates in treatment and control groups were 60% and 20%, and this difference in favor of CBT was statistically significant (RR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.29-0.88; p = 0.02). No controlled studies were found that compared CBT and pharmacotherapy. Discussion: Treatment with CBT reduces PTSD symptoms in sexually abused children and adolescents, with no differences between therapy with only the victim or with the victim and a family member. No studies compared CBT and pharmacotherapy or the efficacy of combined treatments.Keywords: Adolescents, Children, Citation, Clinical Trials, Comparison, Criteria, Database, Databases, Depression, Disclosure, Disorder, Female Victims, Girls, Groups, Health, Meta-Analysis, Outcomes, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Preschool-Children, Psychotherapy, Ptsd, Ptsd Symptoms, Randomized Clinical Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Review, Science, Science Citation Index, Sexual Abuse, Stress, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment? Passarela, C.D., Mendes, D.D. and Mari, J.D. (2010), A systematic review to study the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for sexually abused children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 37 (2), 69-73.Full Text: 2010\Rev Psi Cli37, 69.pdfAbstract: Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the possible consequences of sexual abuse of children and adolescents, may be found in about 40% to 50% of the cases. Objective: Conduct a systematic review of studies investigating the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of sexually abused children and adolescents with PTSD. Methods: A search for randomized clinical trials that evaluated PTSD in children and adolescents from 1980 to February 1, 2006 was conducted in the following databases: MedLine, EMBASE, LILACS, PsycLIT, PsycINFO, Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group Database of Trials, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Science Citation Index (SciSearch), and PILOTS. References in all clinical trials selected were hand-searched. Results: Of the 43 studies initially selected, only three met inclusion criteria. The following comparisons were found in the studies: CBT to treat child and family member versus no treatment (waiting list); CBT to treat only child, only parents, or both versus community care; and trauma-focused CBT versus child-centered therapy (CCT). Results for CBT treatment of PTSD were better than no treatment (waiting list) (p < 0.05), community care (p < 0.01) and CCT (p < 0.01). The comparison of child-only CBT and family CBT (parents or caretakers and children) did not reveal any significant differences in efficacy, and both showed significant improvement of symptoms. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of CBT (child-only and family) versus no treatment (waiting list and community care) in the remission of patients who completed treatment. Remission rates in treatment and control groups were 60% and 20%, and this difference in favor of CBT was statistically significant (RR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.29-0.88; p = 0.02). No controlled studies were found that compared CBT and pharmacotherapy. Discussion: Treatment with CBT reduces PTSD symptoms in sexually abused children and adolescents, with no differences between therapy with only the victim or with the victim and a family member. No studies compared CBT and pharmacotherapy or the efficacy of combined treatments.Keywords: Adolescents, Children, Citation, Clinical Trials, Comparison, Criteria, Database, Databases, Depression, Disclosure, Disorder, Female Victims, Girls, Groups, Health, Meta-Analysis, Outcomes, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Preschool-Children, Psychotherapy, PTSD, PTSD Symptoms, Randomized Clinical Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Review, Science, Science Citation Index, Sexual Abuse, Stress, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment? Nishioka, S.A., Perin, E.A., Sampaio, A.S., Cordeiro, Q., Cappi, C., Mastrorosa, R.S., Morais, I.A., Reis, V.N.D., do Rosario, M.C. and Hounie, A.G. (2011), The role of the VNTR functional polymorphism of the promoter region of the MAOA gene on psychiatric disorders. Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 38 (1), 34-42.Full Text: 2011\Rev Psi Cli38, 34.pdfAbstract: Introduction: A functional variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has been described and many studies have investigated the association of this polymorphism with human behaviors, as well as with several psychiatric disorders. Objective: This study aimed to review the literature on the role of the VNTR functional polymorphism of the promoter region of the MAOA gene on the modulation of human behavior for the development of psychiatric disorders. Method: Searches on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases were performed including works from January 1998 to June 2009. The words used were: “MAOA and human behavior” and “MAOA and psychiatry”. Results: Several studies were found (N = 3,873). After the selection process, 109 papers were included in the review. There was found an association of MAOA low activity alleles with antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, ADHD, pathological gambling, and substance abuse. High activity alleles were associated with neuroticism, anorexia nervosa and depression and anxiety disorders. There was no association between the MAOA polymorphisms and bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Discussion: The main findings, summarized in this paper, support a role of MAOA VNTR polymorphism in some psychiatric disorders although some divergences were found due to methodological difficulties in genetic studies. In general, the studies associated the low activity alleles with impulsivity and aggressive behavior (“hyperactive behaviors”), and the high activity alleles of the gene with “hypoactive behaviors”, such as depression and anxiety, which demonstrates a modulation of the MAOA enzyme in “hyperactive” and “hypoactive” disorders.Keywords: Adhd, Anorexia Nervosa, Antisocial, Antisocial Personality-Disorder, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Association Analysis, Behavior, Bipolar Affective-Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Databases, Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Depression, Depression and Anxiety, Development, Disorder, Functional, Functional Polymorphism, Genetic, Han Chinese Males, Human, Literature, Major Depressive Disorder, Maoa, Monoamine Oxidase, Monoamine-Oxidase-A, No Association, Papers, Polymorphism, Polymorphisms, Psychiatric Disorders, Review, Schizophrenia, Science, Suicidal-Behavior, System Serotonergic Responsivity, Vntr, Web of ScienceTitle: Revista de Psiquiatria y Salud MentalFull Journal Title: Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud MentalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1888-9891Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Darbaà, J., Minoves, A., Rojo, E., Jimenez, F. and Rejas, J. (2011), Efficacy of Second-Generation-Antipsychotics in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 4 (3), 126-143.Full Text: 2011\Rev Psi Sal Men4, 126.pdfAbstract: Objectives: To determine whether second-generation-antipsychotics (SGAs) are effective for negative symptoms treatment in schizophrenia. Methods: Two meta-analyses were carried out using placebo or haloperidol as comparators. The search included the following databases: Pubmed, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Proquest Health and Medical Complete, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Current Contents Connect. The outcome measure used was the change in negative symptoms, choosing a standardized statistic (Cohen’s d) to synthesize the data. Results: In the placebo-controlled meta-analysis, the effect sizes (Cohen’s d) obtained for amisulpride, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone were 0.52, 0.34, 0.43, 0.36, 0.40 and 0.46, respectively, favoring active treatment against placebo (P < 0.001 in all cases). The haloperidol-controlled meta-analysis only showed a statistically significant trend favoring antipsychotics over haloperidol (Cohen’s d = 0.15). Conclusions: Most antipsychotics (amisulpride, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone) are effective in the treatment of negative symptoms. Amisulpride and ziprasidone showed higher effect sizes. (C) 2010 SEP y SEPB. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.Keywords: 160 Mg, Day, Acute Exacerbation, Antipsychotics, Citation, Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Databases, Double-Blind Trial, Efficacy, Haloperidol, Health, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Multicenter, Negative Symptoms, Olanzapine, Outcome, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Randomized Clinical Trials, Risperidone, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizophrenia, Science, Science Citation Index, Second-Generation-Antipsychotics, Symptoms, Treatment, Trend, Ziprasidone, ZotepineTitle: Revista de Salud Pública (Bogotá, Colombia)Full Journal Title: Revista de Salud Pública (Bogotá, Colombia)ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Salud Publica (Bogota)ISSN: 0124-0064Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Nelson, A.G. and De la Hoz-Restrepo, F. (2006), Scientific production in health science in Colombia, 1993-2003. Revista de Salud Pública (Bogotá, Colombia), 8 (1), 25-37.Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Analysing scientific production related to health research between 1993 to 2003 in Colombia to generate information allowing a more focused investment in public health research. METHODS: Bibliometric indicators were used to analyse scientific production registered in MEDLINE and LILACS. Trends in the number of publications per year were analysed, as well as publications per research area, research centres and journal characteristics. RESULTS: Health research production in Colombia is mainly published in international journals. Most published papers are linked to basic biomedical research overshadowing other areas of health research such as clinical or public health research. Universities are the main entities producing knowledge re health and their participation has increased during the last few years. CONCLUSIONS: Colombian health research production has increased during the last few years as shown by the increased numbers of Colombian papers in MEDLINE and LILACS during the period being studied. However, this production is still lower than that of other Latin American countries having similar socioeconomic and demographic conditions.Keywords: Biomedical, Biomedical Research, Characteristics, Clinical, Colombia, Health, Health Research, Indicators, Information, International, Journal, Journals, Knowledge, MEDLINE, Methods, Papers, Participation, Public, Public Health, Public Health Research, Publications, Research, Research Centres, Science, Scientific ProductionTitle: Revista de Saúde PúblicaFull Journal Title: Revista de Saude PublicaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0034-8910Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Silva, R.B.D.E., Ramalho, A.S. and Cassorla, R.M.S. (1993), The sickle cell disease as a public health problem in Brazil. Revista de Saúde Pública, 27 (1), 54-58.Full Text: 1993\Rev Sau Pub27, 54.pdfAbstract: Sickle cell anemia is the most prevalent hereditary disease in Brazil. However, the Brazilian literature registers no investigations into the public health aspects of the disease. This present study investigates the way of life of 80 adult patients (49 women and 31 men) with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia, at a blood center in Brazil. The late diagnosis of the disease was one of the most significant aspects observed in this group of patients. It was also observed that the dominant problem faced by adult patients with sickle cell anemia is of an economic nature, mainly due to lack of professional opportunities. However, patients can well undertake economic activities under adequate medical supervision, according to their own limitations and potentialities. The psychoterapeutic orientation was well accepted by patients regardless of sex. It is concluded that there exists need for the establishment of community programs for early diagnosis and medical, social and psychological orientation for sickle cell anemia patients in Brazil.Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell, Epidemiology, Life Quality? Fuentes, I.M. and Gil, R.R. (2003), Mercury and health in the dental practice. Revista de Saúde Pública, 37 (2), 266-272.Full Text: 2003\Rev Sau Pub37, 266.pdfAbstract: Mercury is a heavy metal widely used by man. It is considered very toxic causing conditions in the central nervous system, behavior disturbances, and renal and sexual disorders. For a century, mercury has been used in the dental practice for its capacity of joining metals (amalgamate), its low cost and its rapid fixing in dental pieces repair. Currently, there is much controversy about the safety of dental amalgams and it has been demonstrated it poses occupational risks to dental practitioners and their assistants. The objective of this study is review aspects related to metallic mercury toxicity for personnel involved in the dental practice and patients with dental amalgams. Routes of mercury exposure in dentistry, occupational risks and measures to prevent mercury poisoning are presented here. A literature review was conducted mostly on data from Biological Abstracts and the Science Citation Index for the period between 1990 and 2000.Keywords: Agents, Amalgam Fillings, Citation, Dental Amalgam, Dental Assistants, Dentists, Exposure, Humans, Impact, Inorganic Mercury, Literature, Literature Review, Mercurio Toxicity, Methylmercury, Occupational Exposure, Occupational Health, Occupational Risk, Preventive Dentristy, Rats, Review, Science Citation Index, Vapor, Workers? Gollogly, L. and Momen, H. (2006), Ethical dilemmas in scientific publication: Pitfalls and solutions for editors. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40 (S), 24-29.Full Text: 2006\Rev Sau Pub40, 24.pdfAbstract: Editors of scientific journals need to be conversant with the mechanisms by which scientific misconduct is amplified by publication practices. This paper provides definitions, ways to document the extent of the problem, and examples of editorial attempts to counter fraud. Fabrication, falsification, duplication, ghost authorship, gift authorship, lack of ethics approval, non-disclosure, ‘salami’ publication, conflicts of interest, auto-citation, duplicate submission, duplicate publications, and plagiarism are common problems. Editorial misconduct includes failure to observe due process, undue delay in reaching decisions and communicating these to authors, inappropriate review procedures, and confounding a journal’s content with its advertising or promotional potential. Editors also can be admonished by their peers for failure to investigate suspected misconduct, failure to retract when indicated, and failure to abide voluntarily by the six main sources of relevant international guidelines on research, its reporting and editorial practice. Editors are in a good position to promulgate reasonable standards of practice, and can start by using consensus guidelines on publication ethics to state explicitly how their journals function. Reviewers, editors, authors and readers all then have a better chance to understand, and abide by, the rules of publishing.Keywords: Authorship, Editorial Policies, Editors, Expression, Gift Authorship, Publication, Publication Bias, Publications, Publications, Ethics, Research, Scientific Journals, Scientific Misconduct, Scientific Publication? Victora, C.G. and Moreira, C.B. (2006), North-South relations in scientific publications: Editorial racism? Revista de Saúde Pública, 40 (1), 36-42.Full Text: 2006\Rev Sau Pub40, 36.pdfAbstract: The aim of the present study was to comment on the possible existence of editorial prejudice among the editors of scientific journals form Northern countries against Southern authors. We highlight that a study using bibliometric methods documented an important imbalance in terms of the international scientific production of health researchers from high-income countries (the ‘North’) and those from low and middle-income countries (the ‘South’). In a survey of Brazilian researchers, three in every four blamed this imbalance, at least in part, on prejudice among international editors. This is supported by the fact that a very small percentage of editorial board members of international journals come from the South. Although prejudice can explain part of the imbalance, there are also specific measures that may increase the likelihood of a paper from the South being accepted in international journals. These include the need to invest in the quality of the written text, and to show empathy with editors and readers, emphasizing the contribution of the manuscript to the international literature. Finally, we discuss whether research carried out in the South should be published in national or international journals, and suggest that there are at least six dimensions to this choice. These include language and target audience; type of contribution to knowledge; generalizability; citation index; speed of publication; and open access. The rapid growth in the number of Brazilian contributions to the international health literature shows that editorial prejudice, although often present, can be effectively offset by research with solid methodology and good-quality presentation.Keywords: Access, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Methods, Brazil, Children, Editorial Policies, Empathy, Epidemiology, Growth, Health, Index, Infants, Journals, Knowledge, Language, Low, Methodology, Methods, Paper, Production, Public Health, Publication, Publication Bias, Publications, Quality, Racism, Research, Scientific Production, Scientific Publications, SI, Speed, Survey? Porta, M., Fernandez, E. and Puigdomenech, E. (2006), Book citations: Influence of epidemiologic thought in the academic community. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40 (1), 50-56.Full Text: 2006\Rev Sau Pub40, 50.pdfAbstract: Whilst their ‘death’ has often been certified, books remain highly important to most professions and academic disciplines. Analyses of citations received by epidemiologic texts may complement other views on epidemiology. The objective was to assess the number of citations received by some books of epidemiology and public health, as a first step towards studying the influence of epidemiological thought and thinking in academia. For this purpose, Institute for Scientific Information/Thomson Scientific - Web of Science/Web of Knowledgedatabase was consulted, in May 2006. The book by Rothman & Greenland appeared to have received the highest number of citations overall (over 8,000) and per year. The books by Kleinbaum et al, and by Breslow & Day received around 5,000 citations. In terms of citations per year the book by Sackett et al ranks 3rd, and the one by Rose, 4th of those included in this preliminary study. Other books which were influential in the classrooms collected comparatively less citations. Results offer a rich picture of the academic influences and trends of epidemiologic methods and reasoning on public health, clinical medicine and the other health, life and social sciences. They may contribute to assess epidemiologists’ efforts to demarcate epidemiology and to assert epistemic authority, and to analyze some historical influences of economic, social and political forces on epidemiological research.Keywords: Citations, Clinical, Community, Death, Economic, Epidemiologic Methods, Epidemiology, First, Health, Life, Medicine, Methods, Professions, Public, Public Health, Purpose, Reasoning, Research, Sciences, SI, Social, Social and Political, Social Sciences, Trends? Coutinho, M. and Lucatelli, M. (2006), Scientific production in nutrition and the public perception of hunger and eating in Brazil. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40 (S), 86-92.Full Text: 2006\Rev Sau Pub40, 86.pdfAbstract: There is a contradiction between the perceptions held by different sectors of the Establishment with regard to the questions of hunger and nutrition in Brazil. On the one hand, the flagship of the present Brazilian government’s social policy is the “Fome Zero” program. This program is based on the notion that the condition of hunger is socially relevant in this country. On the other hand, the scientific community in the field of nutrition has, through epidemiological studies, highlighted obesity as one of the most serious public health problems in Brazil. The reason why the public perception is dissociated from the production of knowledge on this subject has old roots that are related to the difficulties in institutionalizing science in Brazil. This has been reflected in a relative lack of legitimacy for scientific discourse. The new factor in this situation is the attainment of greater international visibility by the scientific community in nutritional de epidemiology. The future of the practical application of the results from nutritional epidemiology research in Brazil depends on the dynamics of the political agenda regarding hunger and nutrition, and of the sectors associated with this. The objective of this study was to explore this situation by means of analyzing scientometric data on the scientific production, historical data and documents relating to discourse about hunger.Keywords: Agenda, Application, Brazil, Brazilian, Community, Countries, Country, Data, Discourse, Disease, Dynamics, Epidemiology, Field, Government Programs, Health, Health Transition, Historical Data, Hunger, International, Knowledge, Legitimacy, Notion, Nutrition, Nutrition Programmes, Obesity, Objective, Perception, Perceptions, Policy, Production, Public, Public Health, Public Perception, Research, Science, Science in Brazil, Scientific Production, Scientometric, SI, Social, Social Policy, Visibility? Razzouk, D., Zorzetto, R., Dubugras, M.T., Gerolin, J. and Mari, J.D. (2006), Mental health and psychiatry research in Brazil: Scientific production from 1999 to 2003. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40 (S), 93-100.Full Text: 2006\Rev Sau Pub40, 93.pdfAbstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of mental health scientific production in Brazil from 1999 to 2003, and to identify the nature of the publications generated, their sources of finance and the ways of publicly disseminating the research findings. METHODS: Searches for publications were conducted in the MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases for the period 1999-2003. A semi-structured questionnaire developed by an international team was applied to 626 mental health researchers, covering each interviewee’s educational background, research experience, access to funding sources, public impact and research priorities. The sample was composed by 626 mental health researchers identified from 792 publications indexed on MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases for the period above, and from a list of reviewers of Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. RESULTS: In Brazil, 792 publications were produced by 525 authors between 1999 and 2003 (441 indexed in MEDLINE and 398 in the ISI database). The main topics were: depression (29.1%), substance misuse (14.6%), psychoses (10%), childhood disorders (7%) and dementia (6.7%). Among the 626 Brazilian mental health researchers, 329 answered the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: There were steadily increasing numbers of Brazilian articles on mental health published in foreign journals from 1999 to 2003: the number of articles in MEDLINE tripled and it doubled in the ISI database. The content of these articles corresponded to the priorities within mental health, but there is a need for better interlinking between researchers and mental health policymakers.Keywords: Access, Authors, Bibliography,National, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Database, Databases, Dementia, Funding, Health, Impact, Information Science, ISI, ISI Database, Journals, Medline, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Middle-Income Countries, Psychiatry, Publications, Research, Research Support, Scientific Production, SI? Santana, V.S. (2006), Workers’ health in Brazil: Graduate research. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40, 101-111.Full Text: 2006\Rev Sau Pub40, 101.pdfAbstract: OBJECTIVE: To study trends of dissertation and thesis production in workers’ health in Brazil. METHODS: Observation units were dissertations and theses developed by Brazilian researchers in national and foreign graduate programs. Theses and dissertations were identified in previously compiled works, LILACS and Capes database. Search keywords were workers’ health, ergonomics, occupational hygiene, toxicology, and occupational health. RESULTS: There were identified 1,025 documents. Of them, seven were published before 1970, 31 were published in 1970s, 121 in 1980s, 533 in 1990s, and 333 between 2000 and 2004. An exponential growth of studies during the study period was observed with a corresponding factor approximately equal to 4 in each decade. The majority of studies addresses major public health issues like musculoskeletal diseases, mental health, and occupational risks for health workers. It was noticeable the small number of studies on unemployment, occupational cancer, and primary sector and construction industry workers, known as a risk group for fatal work-related injuries. CONCLUSIONS: The growth of public and collective health graduate programs was a major factor for increasing research on workers’ health in Brazil in recent years. Despite increasing academic studies in this area of knowledge there are some persisting gaps persist that need to be narrowed in the near future.Keywords: Brazil, Cancer, Construction, Construction Industry, Database, Diseases, Graduate, Growth, Health, Hygiene, Knowledge, Mental Health, Methods, Occupational, Occupational Health, Primary, Public, Public Health, Research, Risk, Risks, Sector, SI, Small, Toxicology, Trends? Pereira, J.C.R. (2006), Revista de Saúde Pública: Forty years of Brazilian scientific production. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40, 148-159.Full Text: 2006\Rev Sau Pub40, 148.pdfAbstract: OBJECTIVE: To recognize the characteristics and path taken by the through analysis of the scientific production it has published over the period from 1967 to 2005. METHODS: Scientometric methods were used to analyze reference data on the articles published in the Revista, retrieved from the databases ISI/Thomson Scientific (Web of Science), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). RESULTS: The Revista is the only Brazilian publication in the field of public health that is indexed by ISI/Thomson Scientific. It is prominent as a medium for publishing Brazilian scientific production in public health and is displaying a geometric increase in publication and citation, with annual rates of 4.4% and 12.7%, respectively. The mean number of authors per paper has risen from 2 to 3.5 over recent years. Although original research articles predominate, the numbers of reviews, multicenter studies, clinical trials and validation studies have been increasing. The number of articles published in foreign languages has also increased, accounting for 13% of the total, and the leading countries originating these are the UK, USA, Argentina and Mexico. The number and diversity of journals citing the Journal has been increasing, many of which are non-Brazilian. Authorship per author shows good fit to Lotka’s Law, but the parameters suggest greater concentration and less dispersion than would be expected. Among the fields of interest of published papers, the following topics account for more than 50% of the total volume: infectious-parasitic diseases and vectors; health promotion, policies and administration; and epidemiology, surveillance and disease control. CONCLUSIONS: The Revista shows great dynamism, without signs of abating or reaching a plateau any time soon. There are signs of progressively increasing complexity in the studies published, and more multidisciplinary work. The Revista seems to be widening its outreach and recognition, while remaining faithful to the field of public health in Brazil.Keywords: Administration, Analysis, Argentina, Authors, Brazil, Characteristics, Citation, Clinical, Clinical Trials, Complexity, Concentration, Control, Data, Databases, Disease, Diseases, Dispersion, Diversity, Epidemiology, Field, Health, Health Promotion, Journals, Languages, Methods, Mexico, Multidisciplinary, Papers, Periodicals, History, Periodicals,Trends, Policies, Promotion, Public, Public Health, Publication, Publishing, Pubmed, Rates, Reference, Research, Reviews, Scielo, Scientific Production, Scientific Publications, Si, Surveillance, UK, USA, Validation, Volume, Web of Science, Work? Mari, J.D., Bressan, R.A., Almeida-Filho, N., Gerolin, J., Sharan, P. and Saxena, S. (2006), Mental health research in Brazil: Policies, infrastructure, financing and human resources. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40 (1), 161-169.Full Text: 2006\Rev Sau Pub40, 161.pdfAbstract: The objective of this descriptive study was to map mental health research in Brazil, providing an over-view of infrastructure, financing and policies mental health research. As part of the Atlas-Research Project, a WHO initiative to map mental health research in selected low and middle-income countries, this study was carried out between 1998 and 2002. Data collection strategies included evaluation of governmental documents and sites and questionnaires sent to key professionals for providing information about the Brazilian mental health research infrastructure. In the year 2002, the total budget for Health Research was US$101 million, of which US$3.4 million (3.4) was available for Mental Health Research. The main funding sources for mental health research were found to be the Sao Paulo State Funding Agency (FAPESP, 53.2%) and the Ministry of Education (CAPES, 30.2%). The rate of doctors is 1.7 per 1,000 inhabitants, and the rate of psychiatrists is 2.7 per 100,000 inhabitants estimated 2000 census. In 2002, there were 53 postgraduate courses directed to mental health training in Brazil (43 in psychology, six in psychiatry, three in psychobiology and one in psychiatric nursing), with 1,775 students being trained in Brazil and 67 overseas. There were nine programs including psychiatry, neuropsychiatry, psychobiology and mental health, seven of them implemented in Southern states. During the five-year period, 186 students got a doctoral degree (37 per year) and 637 articles were published in Institute for Scientic Information (ISI)-indexed journals. The investment channeled towards postgraduate and human resource education programs, by means of grants and other forms of research support, has secured the country a modest but continuous insertion in the international knowledge production in the mental health area.Keywords: Bibliography,National, Bibliometrics, Health Policy, Mental Health, Reasearch Support, Reasearch Support Organization & Administration, Reasearch Support Trends, Statistics & Numerical Data? Kritski, A.L., Villa, T.S., Trajman, A., Lapa E Silva, J.R., Medronho, R.A. and Ruffino-Netto, A. (2007), Two decades of research on tuberculosis in Brazil: State of the art of scientific publications. Revista de Saúde Pública, 41 (S1), 9-14.Full Text: 2007\Rev Sau Pub41, 9.pdfAbstract: The trends of scientific articles about tuberculosis in Brazil published between 1986 and 2006 were analyzed. This analysis included Capes database-indexed dissertations and theses and papers indexed in MEDLINE and SciELO. Papers containing the word “tuberculosis” and authors affiliated to Brazilian institutions were included in the assessment. The analysis showed initially case report and review publications, and later it shifted to original articles on science, technology and innovation. These changes may reflect the strengthening of scientific research activities and new attitudes regarding tuberculosis research objectives in academic institutions in recent years. Although many theses used qualitative methodology, few qualitative publications were found, possibly because of the quantitative orientation of many journals. Qualitative versus quantitative research and education versus research-oriented publications are discussed, together with public policies and strategies to include research as a tool to control diseases. The use of the same methodology is suggested to assess the trends in research on other neglected diseases.Keywords: Analysis, Art, Assessment, Attitudes, Brazil, Case Report, Changes, Control, Diseases, Education, Innovation, Institutions, Journals, Methodology, Papers, Policies, Public, Publications, Qualitative, Research, Review, SCIELO, Science, Scientific Research, State, Technology, Trends, Tuberculosis? Sanz-Valero, J., Ferreira, M.S., Castiel, L.D., Wanden-Berghe, C. and Guilam, M.C.R. (2010), Brazilian academic search filter: Application to the scientific literature on physical activity. Revista de Saúde Pública, 44 (5), 877-883.Full Text: 2010\Rev Sau Pub44, 877.pdfAbstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a search filter in order to retrieve scientific publications on physical activity from Brazilian academic institutions. METHODS: The academic search filter consisted of the descriptor “exercise” associated through the term AND, to the names of the respective academic institutions, which were connected by the term OR. The MEDLINE search was performed with PubMed on 11/16/2008. The institutions were selected according to the classification from the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for interuniversity agreements. RESULTS: A total of 407 references were retrieved, corresponding to about 0.9% of all articles about physical activity and 0.5% of the Brazilian academic publications indexed in MEDLINE on the search date. When compared with the manual search undertaken, the search filter (descriptor + institutional filter) showed a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The institutional search filter showed high sensitivity and specificity, and is applicable to other areas of knowledge in health sciences. It is desirable that every Brazilian academic institution establish its “standard name/brand” in order to efficiently retrieve their scientific literature.Keywords: Activity, Articles, Bibliography As Topic, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Exercise, Impact, Information Storage and Retrieval, Literature, Medline, Motor Activity, Publications, Publications for Science Diffusion, PUBMED, References, Sciences, Scientific Publications, Spain? Pereira, J.C.R. and Bronhara, B. (2011), h-index of collective health professors in Brazil. Revista de Saúde Pública, 45 (3), 599-606.Full Text: 2011\Rev Sau Pub45, 599.pdfAbstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate reference values and the hierarchy function of professors engaged in Collective Health in Brazil by analyzing the distribution of the h-index. METHODS: From the Portal da Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Portal of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), 934 authors were identified in 2008, of whom 819 were analyzed. The h-index of each professor was obtained through the Web of Science using search algorithms controlling for namesakes and alternative spellings of their names. For each Brazilian region and for the country as a whole, we adjusted an exponential probability density function to provide the population parameters and rate of decline by region. Ranking measures were identified using the complement of the cumulative probability function and the hierarchy function among authors according to the h-index by region. RESULTS: Among the professors analyzed, 29.8% had no citation record in Web of Science (h=0). The mean h for the country was 3.1, and the region with greatest mean was the southern region (h=4.7). The median h for the country was 3.1, and the greatest median was for the southern region (3.2). Standardizing populations to one hundred, the first rank in the country was h=16, but stratification by region shows that, within the northeastern, southeastern and southern regions, a greater value is necessary for achieving the first rank. In the southern region, the index needed to achieve the first rank was h=24. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the Brazilian Collective Health authors, if assessed on the basis of the Web of Science h-index, did not exceed h=5. Regional differences exist, with the southeastern and northeastern regions being similar and the southern region being outstanding.Keywords: Authors, Authorship and Co-Authorship in Scientific Publications, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Indicators, Brazil, Citation, Education, h-Index, Public Health, Ranking, Researcher Performance Evaluation Systems, Sciences, Scientific Publication Indicators, Web of ScienceTitle: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina TropicalFull Journal Title: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina TropicalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Ramos, J.M., González-Alcaide, G., Gascón, J. and Gutiérrez, F. (2011), Mapping of Chagas disease research: Analysis of publications in the period between 1940 and 2009. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 44 (6), 708-716.Full Text: 2011\Rev Soc Bra Med Tro44, 708.pdfAbstract: Introduction: Publications are often used as a measure of success in research work. Chagas disease occurs in Central and Southern America. However, during the past years, the disease has been occurring outside Latin America due to migration from endemic zones. This article describes a bibliometric review of the literature on Chagas disease research indexed in PubMed during a 70-year period. Methods: Medline was used via the PubMed online service of the U. S. National Library of Medicine from 1940 to 2009. The search strategy was: Chagas disease [MeSH] OR Trypanosoma cruzi [MeSH]. Results: A total of 13,989 references were retrieved. The number of publications increased steadily over time from 1,361 (1940-1969) to 5,430 (20002009) (coefficient of determination for linear fit, R(2)=0.910). Eight journals contained 25% of the Chagas disease literature. Of the publications, 64.2% came from endemic countries. Brazil was the predominant country (37%), followed by the United States (17.6%) and Argentina (14%). The ranking in production changed when the number of publications was normalized by estimated cases of Chagas disease (Panama and Uruguay), population (Argentina and Uruguay), and gross domestic product (Bolivia and Brazil). Conclusions: Several Latin American countries, where the prevalence of T. cruzi infection was not very high, were the main producers of the Chagas disease literature, after adjusting for economic and population indexes. The countries with more estimated cases of Chagas disease produced less research on Chagas disease than some developed countries.Keywords: American Trypanosomiasis, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Review, Bibliometry, Brazil, Chagas Disease, Countries, Disease, Indexes, Infection, Journals, Latin America, Latin American, Literature, Mapping, Medline, Methods, Migration, Parasitology, Prevalence, Publications, Pubmed, Ranking, Research, Research Productivity, Research Work, Review, S, Scientific Production, Spain, Strategy, Success, Tropical-Medicine, Trypanosoma Cruzi, Trypanosoma-Cruzi Infection, United StatesTitle: Revista Tecnica de la Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad del ZuliaFull Journal Title: Revista Tecnica de la Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad del ZuliaISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Acevedo, S., Colina, M., Diaz, A., Fernandez, N., Behling, E., Marin, J. and Colina, G. (2007), Chemical activation of sugar cane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) on nickel(II) adsorption in industrial effluents. Revista Tecnica de la Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad del Zulia, 30 (3), 244-252.Full Text: Rev Tec Fac Ing Uni Zul30, 244.pdfAbstract: Sugarcane bagasse Saccharum officinarum was used as a precursor on nickel (II) adsorption present in coal mining effluents. The sample of bagasse was dried, smashed and sieved until obtaining an adequate granulometry, then it was activated with H3PO4 40%p/p during 14 hours, the materials were pyrolized for one hour at 400 and 500 degrees C respectively, obtaining prepared activated coal (PAC-400 y PAC-500). The specific area was determined by using the conventional procedure of Brunauer-Emmen-Teller (BET). The areas (S-BET) at CAP-400 and CAP-500 were of 994 and 1344 m2/g respectively. Solutions of nitrate of nickel Ni(NO3)2, at initial concentrations (Co) of 50, 100 and 150 mg/L, had a treatment with the PAC, in a contact time of 1 hour and 25 degrees C, the operational pH were 5,0; 5,5 and 6,0. The PAC at 500 degrees C can remove 85,66% of nickel with an Co of 50 mg/L at pH 5,5. The essays at pH 5 and 6 presented a nickel removal of 83,87 and 83,65% respectively. For a Co of 100 and 150 mg/L of Ni(NO3)2 the removal percentage lows. This tendency was similar to the ones with the PAC at 400 degrees C. For the industrial effluent the removal percentage was 96,03%.Keywords: Sacharum Officinarum, Adsorption, Activated Coal, Nickel, Bet Isotherms, Aqueous-Solution, Waste-Water, Carbon, Removal, Acid, CostTitle: Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l Appareil MoteurFull Journal Title: Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l Appareil MoteurISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0035-1040Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Dumontier, C., Nizard, R. and Sautet, A. (2001), Impact Factor: Do we have to choose between the impact factor and the Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique? Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l Appareil Moteur, 87 (2), 115-128.Abstract: It is common practice to evaluate the scientific value of a candidate for a university or hospital position using the mean of the impact factors of the journals he/she has published in, This shows that the true composition and true meaning of the impact factor are not sufficiently understood. The impact factor was invented in the 60s to help librarians choose the most read journals. The impact factor provides an accurate definition of the distribution of a journal, but in no case the quality of its publications. Moreover, the impact factor has many technical limitations that are detailed in this article. This strongly limits the accuracy of the impact factor to compare between journals of different specialties. There is no correlation between the scientific value of a single author and the impact factor of the journals he/she has published in. Eugene Garfield, the inventor of the impact factor, has emphasized that it should not be used to judge the scientific value of a candidate.Keywords: Impact Factor, Scientific Publications, Bibliometric Index, Medical Journals, Citations, Science, Indicators, EnglishTitle: Revue ?conomiqueFull Journal Title: Revue EconomiqueISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Koen, V. (1986), The French production of economic knowledge: A bibliometric analysis. Revue ?conomique, 37 (1), 117-136.Full Text: 1986\Rev Eco37, 117.pdfKeywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric AnalysisTitle: Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Sante PubliqueFull Journal Title: Revue d Epidemiologie et de Sante PubliqueISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Epidemiol. Sante PubliqueJCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Epidemiol SanteISSN: 0398-7620Issues/Year: 6Journal Country/Territory: FranceLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Masson EditeurPublisher Address: 120 Blvd Saint-Germain, 75280 Paris 06, FranceSubject Categories: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health: Impact Factor 0.458, 73/85? Loranger, S., Bibeau, M.C. and Zayed, J. (1994), Manganese in drinking-water and its contribution on human exposure. Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 42 (4), 315-321.Abstract: Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) has been used in Canada since 1976 as an additive in unleaded gasoline. The combustion of MMT leads to the emission of Mn oxides to the environment and may represent a potential risk to public health. It therefore seems important to assess the associated Mn exposure. The present study is part of a broader research program on total human exposure to Mn and aims specifically at assessing the level of exposure to Mn and other metals via drinking water. A comparative study was performed between two groups of workers (garage mechanics and blue collar workers of the University of Montreal) differentiated by their exposure to inhaled Mn. For Pb, Cu and Zn in residential tap water, significant differences were observed between the first sample and the one taken after one minute of flow. A significant difference was also found between the two groups of workers (combined flow time) for Mn, Cu and Ca. The Mn contribution from water is estimated to be 1 % of the total dose from ingested food. This low exposure may become important (17 %) for persons drinking well water, especially if we consider interactions between metals following multimedia exposure.? Quenel, P. (1995), Public-health surveillance and environment. Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 43 (5), 412-422.Abstract: Since the 1970’s, in many industrial countries, the awareness of environmental health risks has led to set up information systems in order to assess and monitor concentrations of pollutants in air, water or food. These monitoring systems aim to answer the question: ‘is the environmental contamination too high?’. With this objective, concentrations of pollutants are compared to standards. Up to now, this approach has been favoured and many environmental data have been collected at a local, regional, national or international level. Nevertheless, other approaches are possible as the health surveillance which aims to directly monitor the effects of contaminants on health. More recently, a third approach has been developed which consists in linking environmental monitoring data and health monitoring data. These approaches are not exclusive. All of them aim to produce useful information to help decision-makers in the management of environmental issues. However, the question is ‘what are the conditions to be achieved for routinely collected data to fulfil the requirements of a real Public Health surveillance system?’. The conditions, advantages and limits of these three approaches are discussed.? Desenclos, J.C. (1996), Epidemiology of shellfish-borne toxic and infectious health hazard. Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 44 (5), 437-454.Abstract: For feeding purposes shellfish filter large amounts of water but also concentrate infectious agents and toxins that are present in the marine environment either naturally or because of pollution. Thus, the consumption of raw or undercooked shellfish is a substantial source of foodborne poisoning, mostly epidemic and sometimes sporadic. Most of shellfish-borne infectious diseases ave linked to fecal contamination of the marine environment; they include: thyphoid fever, salmonellosis, shigellosis, Campylobacteriosis, cholera, Norwalk or Norwalk-like gastroenteritis and hepatitis A. In warm climates, shellfish contains naturally occurring halopilic Vibrios and may cause severe sporadic infections (septicemias) among very susceptible consumers (immunocompromised). Shellfish also causes outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) when they are contaminated by toxins produced when Dinophisis, a marine plancton, proliferates. Chemical compounds (heavy metals and organic toxins) that are dumped in the environment (soil, air, and water) also reach shellfish harvesting waters where they are concentrated. Although acute or chronic effects of the chemical contamination of shellfish have not been clearly documented, the cadmium pollution of some shellfish harvesting waters raises a serious problem. Since it is impossible to prevent completely the contamination of coastal waters by any of the agents cited above, the prevention of shellfish-borne diseases requires monitoring of the marine environment and shellfish flesh (coliform count, Dinophysis toxins, heavy metals.). This surveillance allows the classification of growing areas as suitable or not for harvesting and distribution of shellfish. However, this surveillance is not always sensitive enough. Indicators of fecal pollution are particularly not reliable for shellfish viral contamination. A better knowledge of marine biology, the limitation of coastal waters pollution, improved surveillance, the development of more sensitive indicators, the responsabilisation of the industry and the information of the public on the health hazards associated with shellfish consumption are the key issues for the improvement of shellfish-borne disease prevention.? Gofti, L., Zmirou, D., Murandi, F.S., Hartemann, P. and Potelon, J.L. (1999), Waterborne microbiological risk assessment: A state of the art and perspectives. Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 47 (1), 61-73.Abstract: Microbiological contamination is the most common threat related to drinking water. In developed countries, the current health system provides a good level of protection. However, some facts point out the need to develop further tools for better management of the waterborne risk. Several outbreaks have occurred in the United-States in the past decade. They were most often caused by tap water contamination, associated with parasites and viruses, despite good compliance of the water treatment procedures. The chemical risk assessment methodology set up at the end of the 70’s can now be applied for microbiological risks. This approach allowed the US authorities to improve their control on waterborne infection risks. Although limited, surveillance data suggest that to date, France has not encountered such outbreaks. However, the baselines and principles of risk management in that area should be also be optimized and updated. This work underlines the limits of the current risk management system. A literature review on microbiological risk assessment is first presented. Applications of this methodology are then commented, advantages and limits of the microbiological risk assessment approach in France are discussed.Keywords: Microbiological Risk Assessment, Drinking Water, Protozoans, Enteric Viruses, Drinking-Water, Cryptosporidium-Parvum, Public-Health, Giardia, Viability, Standards, Supplies, Chlorine, DiseaseTitle: Revue Fran?aise d’Allergologie et d’Immunologie CliniqueFull Journal Title: Revue Francaise d Allergologie et d Immunologie CliniqueISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Fr. Allergol. Immunol. Clin.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Fr AllergolISSN: 0335-7457Issues/Year: 8Journal Country/Territory: FranceLanguage: FrenchPublisher: Editions Scientifiques Medicales ElsevierPublisher Address: 23 Rue Linois, 75724 Paris, FranceSubject Categories:Allergy: Impact Factor 0.325, 14/15 (2004); Impact Factor 0.321, 15/16 (2005)Chen, S.R., Chiu, W.T. and Ho, Y.S. (2005), Asthma in children: Mapping the literature by bibliometric analysis. Revue Fran?aise d’Allergologie et d’Immunologie Clinique, 45 (6), 442-446.Full Text: 2005\Rev Fra dAl dIm Cli45, 442.pdf 2005\Rev Fra dAl dIm Cli.pdf 2005\Rev Fra dAl dIm Cli-Chen.pdfAbstract: Aim. - To evaluate the publication output associated with research on asthma in children. Methods. - The data encompassed the period from 1991 to 2002 and were extracted from the Science Citation Index online version. Selected documents included ‘asthmatic children’ and ‘asthma children’ as a part of its title, abstract, or keyword from. Parameters analyzed included language, type of document, page count, publication output, country of publication, authorship, publication pattern, and the most frequently cited paper. Results. - The yearly publications have increased from 1991 to 2002. The seven industrialized countries have high productivity in this research field. English was the dominant language, and four or five authors were the moot common number of co-author. The US was the world leader and dominated most of the publications, followed by the UK. Conclusions. - The most important functions of scientific publications are to communicate and exchange research findings and results. The results of the study not only offer a comprehensive picture of asthma in children by bibliometric research, but also demonstrate the performance of research workers, institutions, and even countries. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.Keywords: Asthmatic, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Cancer, Childhood Asthma, Children, Impact, Publication, Publications, Research, SCI, Science Citation Index, Scientometrics, USTitle: Revue Francaise de SociologieFull Journal Title: Revue Francaise de SociologieISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Mosbah-Natanson, S. (2011), Sociology as a “fashion”? Editorial uses of the “sociology” label late nineteenth-century France. Revue Francaise de Sociologie, 52 (1), 103-??.Abstract: Taking off from statements made by major sociologists at the end of the nineteenth century regarding a sociology “fashion” in France, the article applies a bibliometric method to ascertain whether such a “fashion” existed, understanding sociology first as a matter of editing and publication. A corpus of over 400 printed works published between 1841 and 1925, all with the word “sociology” in the title, reveals a spectacular rise in number of occurrences of the “sociology” label around 1900. While most of the authors involved partook of a scientific and intellectual movement involving “sociology” and the social sciences, the fact that there was no scientific monopoly on the term sociology made possible non-scholarly - in most cases ideologically motivated - uses of the term. The sociology “fashion”, then inheres in the interaction between these two phenomena and may therefore be considered an episode in sociology’s cultural history.Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, History, PublicationTitle: Revue Générale de ThermiqueFull Journal Title: Revue Generale de ThermiqueISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Gen. Therm.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Gen ThermISSN: 0035-3159Issues/Year: 11Journal Country/Territory: FranceLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Editions Scientifiques Medicales ElsevierPublisher Address: 23 Rue Linois, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, FranceSubject Categories: Thermodynamics Engineering, Mechanical: Impact Factor? Sibille, P., Vomscheid, C., Nus, P. and Cecchin, T. (1994), Automation of the command of a household refuse incinerator. Revue Generale de Thermique, 33 (389), 344-352.Abstract: The treatment of household refuse being one of the ecological goals of the end of this century, a procedure is proposed in this article which enables to develop a simple and efficient control of a household refuse incinerator with grids. The automatic control is based on structure of cascaded regulation loops and assures a good combustion in the incinerator by monitoring: the furnace temperature around a set point; the charge adjusted to the inferior calorific value of household refuse and by warranting a rational use of combustion air flow and of cooling air flow.The results show that the combustion regulation, which has been implanted for more than two years, is very satisfying. The proposed regulation brings more safety and improves the efficiency of the incinerator.Olsommer, B., von Spakovsky, M. and Favrat, D. (1997), Radiative heat transfer in an industrial waste incinerator: Application of the zone method. Revue Generale de Thermique, 36 (2), 125-134.Full Text: R\Rev Gen The36, 125.pdfAbstract: In the context of resource conservation, incineration of domestic wastes is a technique allowing an interesting potential in energy valorization. However, because of the variability (annual, monthly) in quality and quantity of raw material, one of the characteristics of waste incineration cogeneration power plants is their frequent partial or excess loading. In order to describe their behaviour at these non-nominal loads, there is a need for simulation tools which predict with accuracy the behaviour of the principal components of the plant at these loads. This paper presents an original approach for predicting the heat transfer in a waste incinerator. In particular, the model developed is applied to and validated with measurements from a waste incinerator located at the Cottendart waste incineration cogeneration power plant in Switzerland. The part of the incinerator studied is characterized by high gas temperatures (1 000-500°C) for which radiative heat transfer represents the most important part of the global heat exchange. A three-dimensional model using nodal analysis is proposed. The radiative heat exchange is treated using the zone method. With a fine enough mesh, the behaviour of the system in regions far from the nominal point can be predicted with very high accuracy. This paper describes the model and the simulation results.Keywords: Heat Transfer, Radiative, Nodal Analysis, Zone Method, Domestic Waste, Garbage, Waste Incinerator, Furnace, IncinerationOlsommer, B., Duperrex, Y., von Spakovsky, M. and van Gilst, J. (1997), Numerical simulation of a natural convection urban waste incinerator. Revue Generale de Thermique, 36 (2), 135-148.Full Text: R\Rev Gen The36, 135.pdfAbstract: In the context of resource conservation and the rational production and use of energy, there is growing interest in Switzerland, as elsewhere, in the incineration of domestic wastes. One of the characteristics of waste incineration cogeneration power plants is their frequent partial or excess loading. In order to describe their behavior at these non-nominal loads, there is a need for simulation teals, which predict with accuracy the behavior of the principal components of the plant at these loads. This paper presents a simulation model of an industrial waste incineration furnace coupled to a natural convection boiler. The model provides information an the internal behavior of the system, which leads to the creation of windows of operation for the incinerator/boiler system. The model was validated using measurements taken at an industrial site and forms the basis of a robust and accurate simulation tool for the description of this kind of system. With this tool, a multitude of different parametric studies can be done on geometry, waste composition, non-nominal toads, combustion gas recirculation, etc. Simulation results are given as well as results from the direct use of this model in evaluating the addition of a topping cycle to an existing waste incineration cogeneration power plant.Keywords: Heat Transfer, Radiative, Nodal Analysis, Zone Method, Domestic Waste, Garbage, Waste Incinerator, Furnace, Incineration, Thermosiphon, Natural Convection, Boiler, Heat-TransferTitle: Revue de l Institut Francais du PetroleFull Journal Title: Revue de l Institut Francais du PetroleISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Zhang, Y., Tirrell, M. and Mays, J.W. (1997), Adsorption of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes on hydrophobic substrates. Revue de l Institut Francais du Petrole, 52 (2), 177-181.Abstract: A series of diblock copolymers, poly (tert-butyl styrene)-sodium poly (styrene sulfonate) with different molecular weight and percentage of sulfonation have been used to study the effect of polymer structure on its adsorption behavior onto hydrophobically modified silicon wafers. The percentage of the hydrophobic block varies from 3.6-8.9%. Previous studies show that salt concentration is very important for the adsorption of such polyelectrolytes onto silica surfaces. Octadecyltriethoxysilane (OTE) has been used to modify the silicon wafer which changes the water contact angle from 50 degrees on unmodified silica to 100 degrees to 120 degrees. On this hydrophobic surface, we found that the adsorption of these slightly hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes is close to the 4/23rd power of salt concentration predicted by a recent model. The grafting density is also consistent with a dependence on the length of the hydrophobic block to the -12/23rd power, and the length of the polyelectrolyte block to the -6/23rd power, predicted by this model.Keywords: Adsorption, Behavior, Block-Copolymers, Concentration, Contact Angle, Copolymers, Density, Dependence, Grafting, Hydrophobic, Model, Modified, Polymer, Recent, Silica, Silicon, Solvent, Structure, Styrene, Surface, Surfaces, WaterTitle: Revue des Maladies RespiratoiresFull Journal Title: Revue des Maladies RespiratoiresISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0761-8425Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Similowski, T. and Derenne, J. (1996), Bibliometrics of biomedical journals: Addendum. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 13 (2), 197-198.? Hoppin, Jr., F.G. (2003), How I review an original scientific paper? Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 20 (5), 671-678.Keywords: Medical-Research, QualityTitle: Revue Roumaine de ChimieFull Journal Title: Revue Roumaine de ChimieISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Roum. Chim.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Roum ChimISSN: 0035-3930Issues/Year: 10Journal Country/Territory: RomaniaLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Editura Academiei RomanePublisher Address: Calea 13 Septembrie 13, Sector 5, Bucharest Ro-76117, RomaniaSubject Categories: Chemistry: Impact Factor 0.188, 102/121? Chirules, T. (1970), Nickel ferrite-oxygen magnetization-volume adsorption isotherm. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 15 (9), 1303-??.? Geana, D. and Raducanu, I.C. (1971), Kinetics of consecutive electrochemical reactions involving adsorption of an intermediate. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 16 (11), 1689-??.? Segal, E. (1975), Certain problems concerning kinetics of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 20 (3), 317-321.? Budrugeac, P. (1980), 2 New kinetical derivations of the Jovanovic isotherm for monolayer adsorption. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 25 (4), 487-491.? Ionescu, N.I. (1980), Kinetics of gas-adsorption on heterogeneous solid-surfaces. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 25 (5), 663-666.? Ionescu, N.I. (1981), Concerning a recently proposed equation for the adsorption of gases on solids. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 26 (6), 815-817.? Dabrowski, A., Jaroniec, M. and Garbacz, J.K. (1983), Discussion of the liquid adsorption model involving multilayer formation, surface heterogeneity and nonideality of the bulk solution. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 28 (3), 201-210.Ion, A.C., Ion, I., Luca, C. and Diacu, E. (1994), Adsorption of lead, silver and cadmium on crown ethers adsorbents. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 39, 921-926.Abstract: Dibenzo-18-crown-6-phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)/polystyrene supported on glass balls were prepared and applied as adsorbents for Ag+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. The adsorption capacity and the distribution ratios (K-d) of dibenzo-18-crown-6-PMA powdery and dibenzo-18-crown-6-PMA/polgstyrene supported on glass balls were also-determined. The effect of pH and the effect of solvent on the adsorption were also investigated.? Panayotova, M. (2001), Kinetics and thermodynamics of heavy metal ions removal from wastewater by use of waste material. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 46 (10), 1113-1119.Abstract: Waste material from an enterprise producing goods based on bentonite and zeolite has been tested for its ability to remove Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ from wastewater. Concentrations near to the maximum permissible concentrations can be reached by a one-stage treatment. Over 90% of the pollutants are immobilized in the first 10-20 min. The uptake ability of the material decreases in bard water. Size of material particles (when < 0.500 min) does not influence the uptake. The optimum pH value of water to be treated is 5.5 to 8.5. No danger exists for considerable secondary pollution of acidic water contacting with preloaded material. The uptake of Cd2+ and Pb2+ is best described by a kinetic equation for the second order irreversible reactions, and of Cu2+ and Zn2+ - by the equation for adsorption. Equilibrium constants found are indicative of the spontaneous nature of the uptake process. The equilibrium data on Cd2+ and Pb2+ uptake best fit the Freundlich isotherm, the data on Cu2+ and Zn2+ - the Langmuir isotherm. A reversal has been observed of material selectivity for Cu2+ and Zn2+.Keywords: Adsorption, Bentonite? ?tefan, D.S., ?tefan, M. and Vǎireanu, D.I. (2006), Removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions on corn cobs. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 51 (6), 541-546.Full Text: 2006\Rev Rou Chi51, 541.pdfAbstract: Chemical modeling of metal biosorption requires the characterization of biomass used as sorbent The (local) structural environment of Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorbed on corn cobs biomass has been investigated by secondary electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The IR spectrum obtained for the above said biomass render a complex nature of the corn cobs biomass. Despite this complexity some characteristic peaks may be identified and assigned, revealing the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and amino functional groups in the structure of investigated biomass. The paper also deals with studies of physical and biochemical properties of the sorbent: bulk density, apparent density, surface area, iodine number, CEC. From biomass characterization a possible mechanism of biosorption is suggested. The sorption experiments were carried out at a pH of 5.5 and low and high ionic strength in a 0.01M Na2SO4 solution. The results showed a high capacity of corn cobs with respect to the removal of the investigated metals cations.Keywords: Biosorption, Corn Cobs, Heavy Metals, SEM, EDX? Paduraru, C., David, G., Bilba, D. and Sarghie, I. (2006), Polystyrene latex with partially hydrolyzed PNAI grafts at the surface as Pt(IV) sorbent. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 51 (12), 1163-1168.Full Text: 2006\Rev Rou Chi51, 1163.pdfAbstract: The ability of the polystyrene latex with partially hydrolyzed poly[(N-acetylimino) ethylene] grafts at the surface (PSt-PNAI, h) as a sorbent for Pt(IV) was evaluated. The process characteristics were established by analysis according to the sorption isotherm models (Freundlich and Langmuir) and by kinetic study. It was found that the sorbed amount and percentage of Pt(IV) recovery from the aqueous solutions increase with increasing pH and initial concentration, and reach a maximum at pH = 10, with a sorption capacity of 1 1 1 1 mg/g and a sorption half-time of about 90 min. The equilibrium distribution of Pt(IV) between the two phases (sorbent and solution) is described by means of Langmuir model of monomolecular layer adsorption. The sorption data indicate the applicability of a pseudo-second order kinetics.Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Capacity, Characteristics, Chelating Sorbents, Concentration, DEC, Distribution, Equilibrium, Extraction, Freundlich, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Latex, Metal Recovery, Model, Models, Noble-Metals, Order, Palladium, pH, Platinum, Platinum, Polystyrene, Preconcentration, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pt(IV), Recovery, Separation, Solutions, Sorbed, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sorption Isotherm, Sorption Isotherm Models, Surface? Vi?a, M. and Du??, A. (2010), Adsorption behavior of cadmium and copper compounds on a mixture FA: TiO2. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 55 (3), 167-173.Full Text: 2010\Rev Rou Chi55, 167.pdfAbstract: Fly ash (FA) with alkali modified surface, was used in wastewater treatment, for cadmium and copper immobilisation. The FA adsorption capacity can be improved, with differents amounts of TiO2. The adsorption studies were carried out on single substrates (FA and TiO2) and multi proportions mixtures of FA:TiO2. The influence of the TiO2 over adsorption capacity was studied by modifying the ratio FA:TiO2 and by optimizing the contact time. Efficiencies over 99% were obtained after 30 minutes of adsorption. A synergism effect was obtained during the process, caused by the pH modifications towards alkaline values; the cause can be the TiO2 surface activation, to negative charges by hydroxide adsorption, which favours the cation adsorption. The process was kinetically modelled (pseudo-second order kinetic and interparticle diffuson). The highest adsorption rate occurs for an optimized ratio FA:TiO2 = 3:1.Keywords: Adsorption, Advanced Removal, Aqueous-Solutions, Cadmium, Coal Fly-Ash, Cooper, Copper, Fly Ash, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Kinetic, Removal, TiO2, Waste-Water, Wastewater TreatmentTitle: Revue Scientifique et Technique de l Office International des EpizootiesFull Journal Title: Revue Scientifique et Technique de L Office International des EpizootiesISO Abbreviated Title: Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot.JCR Abbreviated Title: Rev Sci Tech OieISSN: 0253-1933Issues/Year: 3Journal Country/Territory: FranceLanguage: Multi-LanguagePublisher: Office Int EpizootiesPublisher Address: 12 Rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, FranceSubject Categories: Veterinary Sciences: Impact Factor 0.724, 41/128 (2000)? Ahl, A.S. and Buntain, B. (1997), Risk and the food safety chain: Animal health, public health and the environment. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l Office International des Epizooties, 16 (2), 322-330.Abstract: Food safety related to the consumption of animal-derived protein encompasses a wide variety of production and processing procedures which begins with the farm and inputs to the animals on the farm (e.g. feed and water) and includes the environment in which animals are reared. Hazards may be physical, artificial or naturally-occurring chemicals, organisms which cannot reproduce outside a specified life-cycle (e.g., parasites such as tapeworm in pigs) or viruses. Other microbes reproduce in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals as well as on the surface of food and in the environment. Methods of risk assessment for physical and chemical hazards have been used for many years. However, with microbial pathogens which can survive and grow on meat, in soil, water or other media, risk assessment methods are at the early stages of development. Due to the broad habitat range, the role of microbial pathogens in the food safety of meat, poultry, fruit and vegetables is important. The use of antibiotics in livestock species may accelerate the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microbial pathogens, potentially complicating treatment for both animals and humans. The authors discuss the food chain, Risk Analysisysis and hazard analysis and critical control points in relation to foodborne pathogens, and introduce general strategies for improving pathogen control on the farm.Keywords: Animal Health, Environment, Foodborne Disease, Microbial Pathogens, Public Health, Risk Assessment? Brisabois, A., Lafarge, V., Brouillaud, A., de Buyser, M.L., Collette, C., Garin Bastuji, B. and Thorel, M.F. (1997), Pathogenic micro-organisms in milk and dairy products: The situation in France and in Europe. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l Office International des Epizooties, 16 (2), 452-471.Abstract: Milk and dairy products harbour a natural microbial flora and/or other micro-organisms, which vary within the wide range of products available on the French market. The origin of contamination by pathogenic bacteria varies with the type of product and the mode of production and processing. Contamination of milk and dairy products by pathogenic micro-organisms can be of endogenous origin, following excretion from the udder of an infected animal. Contamination may also be of exogenous origin, through direct contact with infected herds or through the environment (e.g. water, personnel). Treatment and processing of milk can inhibit or encourage the multiplication of micro-organisms. The authors describe the relevant aspects of bacterial physiology and ecology, the occurrence of bacteria in dairy products, and the public health significance for each of the principal micro-organisms found in such products. Bacteria most frequently involved are mycobacteria, Brucella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and enterobacteria (including toxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella). At present, systems of testing and surveillance are required for the control of pathogenic bacteria in milk and dairy products, as specified by regulations currently being developed for all countries in the European Union. Preventive measures should take into account the well-established facts concerning the potential microbiological impact of pathogenic bacteria on milk and dairy products. There should be increased recourse to risk analysis methods to assess the threat to the consumer with reg ard to the presence of pathogenic bacteria in food.? Jensen, G.L. and Greenlees, K.J. (1997), Public health issues in aquaculture. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l Office International des Epizooties, 16 (2), 641-651.Abstract: The authors address the public health issues associated with the consumption of aquacultural products using numerous examples from the United States of America. As with other foods, public health risks exist but these mostly involve open water environments or products which are consumed raw or undercooked. Unlike wild fisheries, inland aquaculture systems can minimise public health risks by proper site evaluation and good aquacultural practices. Responsible use of pesticides and therapeutants can prevent violative residues to assure product safety and wholesomeness. The implementation of hazard analysis and critical control point regulations will further enhance the preventive approach to hazards control. The most challenging public health risks arise from shellfish production in open, surface waters, where both naturally-occurring and trace environmental residue contaminants can bioaccumulate in tissues and may cause disease outbreaks (and, in severe cases, death). Water quality certification programmes and field surveillance efforts including product sampling, testing and monitoring can address critical safety criteria. This paper focuses primarily on public health risks associated with production: however, the fact that consumer risks also occur as a result of the processing of aquacultural products and that foodborne diseases arise additionally from unsanitary handling or preparation and storage at incorrect temperatures (as is the case for food products from other animals) must also be taken into consideration.? Verwoerd, D.W. (1998), The role of veterinary research laboratories in the provision of veterinary services. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l Office International des Epizooties, 17 (2), 592-599.Abstract: Veterinary research laboratories play an essential role in the provision of veterinary services in most countries. These laboratories are the source of new knowledge, innovative ideas and improved technology for the surveillance, prevention and control of animal diseases. In addition, many laboratories provide diagnostic and other services. To ensure the optimal integration of various veterinary activities, administrators must understand the functions and constraints of research laboratories. Therefore, a brief discussion is presented of the following: organisational structuresmethods for developing research programmesoutputs of research scientists and how these are measuredthe management of quality assurancefunding of research.Optimal collaboration can only be attained by understanding the environment in which a research scientist functions and the motivational issues at stake.Keywords: Animal Health, Diagnosis, Laboratories, Organisational Structures, Quality Assurance, Research Programmes, Technology, Veterinary Research, Productivity, Agriculture, UKTitle: RheumatologyFull Journal Title: RheumatologyISO Abbreviated Title: RheumatologyJCR Abbreviated Title: RheumatologyISSN: 1462-0324Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: EnglandLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Oxford Univ PressPublisher Address: Great Clarendon St, Oxford OX2 6DP, EnglandSubject Categories: Rheumatology: Impact Factor 3.026, 4/22 (2000)? Ruiz, M.T., Alvarez-Dardet, C., Vela, P. and Pascual, E. (1991), Study designs and statistical methods in rheumatological journals: An international comparison. Rheumatology, 30, 352-355.Full Text: Rheumatology30, 352.pdfAbstract: In order to determine the characteristics of papers published in the rheumatological literature, we have conducted a survey of the seven leading rheumatological journals published in 1987; 1107 original papers have been reviewed and classified according to study design, statistical techniques, and country of origin. Almost half of the published papers were clinical descriptive studies without inferential power; both authors and editors should reflect whether the impact of these studies on the knowledge of readers justifies their frequency. Analytical research was represented mainly by randomized clinical trials (15.6%), and case control studies (14.2%). Cohort studies represented 5.4% and this seems a low figure in a specialty in need of more aetiological research. Almost half of the papers originated from the USA or the UK; journals edited in these countries published papers mainly from the same country. English language journals from other countries published a larger percentage of papers from other countries, including many non-English speaking nations. Bibliometric studies are desirable to evaluate trends in publication.Lewison, G. and Devey, M.E. (1999), Bibliometric methods for the evaluation of arthritis research. Rheumatology, 38 (1), 13-20.Full Text: 1999\Rheumatology38, 13.pdfAbstract: This study uses bibliometric methods to evaluate the magnitude and quality of publications in arthritis research in the UK and compare this with that of other countries. Arthritis research was defined by publication in a specialist journal or by specific title key words or address. Outputs from 13 countries between 1988 and 1995 were analysed by number, research level (from clinical to basic) and potential impact on other researchers (from low to high). The UK has a strong presence in arthritis research and the highest relative commitment of all the countries studied. UK output was more clinical than that of other countries, except Spain, and was of relatively high impact. A second study examined UK arthritis papers supported by different funding sources, including government, private-non-profit and industry. papers with funding acknowledgements were of significantly higher impact and less clinical than those without. The Arthritis Research Campaign was the leading funder in the UK with high-impact papers which, over the 8 yr period, have become more clinical than those supported by other funding sources, except hospital trusts.Keywords: Arthritis, Bibliometrics, Citations, Countries, Evaluation, Funding, Impact, Impact, Indicators, Journals, Performance, Research, Sciencevan Haselen, R.A. (1999), Research on complementary medicine in rheumatic diseases: The need for better quality studies and reproduction of claimed positive results. Rheumatology, 38 (5), 387-390.Full Text: 1999\Rheumatology38, 387.pdfWooding, S., Hanney, S., Buxton, M. and Grant, J. (2005), Payback arising from research funding: evaluation of the Arthritis Research Campaign. Rheumatology, 44 (9), 1145-1156.Full Text: 2005\Rheumatology44, 1145.pdfAbstract: Objectives. Using a structured evaluation framework to systematically review and document the outputs and outcomes of research funded by the Arthritis Research Campaign in the early 1990s. To illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of different modes of research funding. Methods. The payback framework was applied to 16 case studies of research grants funded in the early 1990s. Case study methodology included bibliometric analysis, literature and archival document review and key informant interviews. Results. A range of research paybacks was identified from the 16 research grants. The payback included 302 peer-reviewed papers, postgraduate training and career development, including 28 PhD, MDs, research informing recommendations in clinical guidelines, improved quality of life for people with RA and the reduction of the likelihood of recurrent miscarriage for women with antiphospholipid syndrome. The payback arising from project grants appeared to be similar to that arising from other modes of funding that were better resourced. Conclusions. There is a wide diversity of research payback. Short focused project grants seem to provide value for money.Keywords: Arthritis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Development, Evaluation, Health, Impact, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Funding, Research Payback, Returns from Research? Westlake, S.L., Colebatch, A.N., Baird, J., Kiely, P., Quinn, M., Choy, E., Ostor, A.J.K. and Edwards, C.J. (2010), The effect of methotrexate on cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review. Rheumatology, 49 (2), 295-307.Full Text: 2010\Rheumatology49, 295.pdfAbstract: Objectives. Patients with RA have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is due to traditional risk factors and the effects of chronic inflammation. MTX is the first-choice DMARD in RA. We performed a systematic literature review to determine whether MTX affects the risk of CVD in patients with RA. Methods. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane database, database of abstracts of reviews of effects, health technology assessment and Science Citation Index from 1980 to 2008. Conference proceedings (British Society of Rheumatology, ACR and EULAR) were searched from 2005 to 2008. Papers were included if they assessed the relationship between MTX use and CVD in patients with RA. Two reviewers independently assessed each title and abstract for relevance and quality. Results. A total of 2420 abstracts were identified, of which 18 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two studies assessed the relationship between MTX use and CVD mortality, one demonstrated a significant reduction in CVD mortality and the second a trend towards reduction. Five studies considered all-cause CVD morbidity. Four demonstrated a significant reduction in CVD morbidity and the fifth a trend towards reduction. MTX use in the year prior to the development of RA decreased the risk of CVD for 3-4 years. Four studies considered myocardial infarction, one demonstrated a decreased risk and three a trend towards decreased risk with MTX use. Conclusion. The current evidence suggests that MTX use is associated with a reduced risk of CVD events in patients with RA. This suggests that reducing the inflammation in RA using MTX not only improves disease-specific outcomes but may also reduce collateral damage such as atherosclerosis.Keywords: Abstract, Acute Myocardial-Infarction, Assessment, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Disease, Citation, Congestive-Heart-Failure, Database, Inflammation, Insulin-Resistance, Long-Term, Low-Dose Methotrexate, Medline, Methotrexate, Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, Mortality, Pulse Methotrexate, Review, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Risk Factors, Risk-Factor, Science Citation Index, Systematic Literature Review? Westlake, S.L., Colebatch, A.N., Baird, J., Curzen, N., Kiely, P., Quinn, M., Choy, E., Ostor, A.J.K. and Edwards, C.J. (2011), Tumour necrosis factor antagonists and the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review. Rheumatology, 50 (3), 518-531.Full Text: 2011\Rheumatology50, 518.pdfAbstract: Methods. We searched for studies of adults with RA treated with TNF antagonists where cardiovascular outcomes were recorded using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Database of Abstracts and Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Appraisal, Science Citation Index and Clinical Evidence from 1989 to 2010. Conference proceedings for the British Society of Rheumatology, ACR and EULAR between 2005 and 2009 were hand searched. Two reviewers assessed abstracts for inclusion and then quality of selected papers was assessed. Results. A total of 1840 abstracts were identified and 20 articles were suitable for inclusion. Information was obtained on the effect of TNF antagonists on overall CVD events, myocardial infarction, strokes and heart failure. Conclusion. In many studies, TNF antagonists appear to reduce the likelihood of CVD in individuals with RA. Reassuringly, there does not appear to be an increased risk of cardiac failure. However, the reduction in CVD is not as consistently seen as with studies of MTX.Keywords: Anti-Tnf Therapy, Antirheumatic Drug-Use, Arthritis, Biologics-Register, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular Disease, Chimeric Monoclonal-Antibody, Citation, Congestive-Heart-Failure, Disease, Double-Blind, Events, Factor-Alpha, Failure, Heart, Heart Failure, Infarction, Inflammation and Systematic Literature Review, Insulin-Resistance, Literature, Literature Review, Mar, Medline, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial-Infarction, Necrosis, Outcomes, Papers, Patients, Quality, Quality of, Reduction, Review, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Risk, Science, Science Citation Index, Tumour Necrosis Factor AntagonistsTitle: Rheumatology InternationalFull Journal Title: Rheumatology InternationalISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? McVeigh, J.G., McGaughey, H., Hall, M. and Kane, P. (2008), The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in the management of fibromyalgia syndrome: A systematic review. Rheumatology International, 29 (2), 119-130.Full Text: 2009\Rhe Int29, 119.pdfAbstract: Hydrotherapy is often used in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), however there has been limited evaluation of its effectiveness. The aim of this systematic review was therefore to examine the effectiveness of hydrotherapy in the management of FMS. AMED, BNI, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PUBMED, Science Direct and Web of Science were searched (1990-July 2006). Key words used ‘fibromyalgia’ and ‘hydrotherapy’, ‘balneotherapy’, ‘aqua therapy’, ‘pool therapy’, ‘water therapy’, ‘swimming’, ‘hydrogalvanic’, ‘spa therapy’, ‘physiotherapy’, ‘physical therapy’ and ‘rehabilitation’. Searches were supplemented with hand searches of selected journals. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed for methodological quality using the van Tulder scale. Ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Mean methodological quality was 4.5/9 on the van Tulder scale. Positive outcomes were reported for pain, health-status and tender point count. There is strong evidence for the use of hydrotherapy in the management of FMS.Keywords: Balneotherapy, Clinical-Trial, Cochrane, Dead-Sea, Education, Effectiveness, Embase, Evaluation, Fibromyalgia, Hand, Health Status, Hydrotherapy, Journals, Low-Back-Pain, Management, Medline, Outcomes, Pain, Physical Therapy, Physiotherapy, Pool Exercise, Pubmed, Quality-Of-Life, Randomized Controlled Trials, Rehabilitation, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment, Web of Science, Women? Toya, S.P. and Tzelepis, G.E. (2009), The many faces of scleroderma sine scleroderma: A literature review focusing on cardiopulmonary complications. Rheumatology International, 29 (8), 861-868.Full Text: 2009\Rhe Int29, 861.pdfAbstract: Scleroderma sine scleroderma (ssSSc) is an occult form of systemic sclerosis that may cause diagnostic difficulties due to the absence of skin involvement. Delays in the diagnosis of ssSSc means lost opportunites to address and treat the often lethal involvement of internal organs such as the lungs and heart. In this systemic review we collected all published cases of ssSSc using EMBASE, MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Web of Science from 1950 to present. Our purpose was to describe the range and frequency of the clinical manifestations of ssSSc. A total of 108 published cases of ssSSc were analyzed. Lung involvement was present in 66% of cases. Peripheral vascular system involvement was present in all patients whereas gastrointestinal manifestations were present in 82% of the cases. Overall the clinical presentation is subtle and heightened clinical awareness is required to facilitate prompt recognition and treatment.Keywords: Autoantibodies, Awareness, Connective-Tissue Disease, Diagnosis, Embase, Frequency, Gastrointestinal, Interstitial Lung Disease, Involvement, Literature, Literature Review, Lung-Disease, Medline, Myocardial Fibrosis, Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia, Presenting Feature, Progressive Systemic-Sclerosis, Pubmed, Pulmonary-Fibrosis, Raynaud Phenomenon, Raynaud’S, Renal Crisis, Review, Science, Scleroderma Sine Scleroderma, Skin Involvement, Systemic Sclerosis, Treatment, Web of Science? Schoffel, N., Mache, S., Quarcoo, D., Scutaru, C., Vitzthum, K., Groneberg, D.A. and Spallek, M. (2010), Rheumatoid arthritis: Scientific development from a critical point of view. Rheumatology International, 30 (4), 505-513.Full Text: 2010\Rhe Int30, 505.pdfAbstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is classified as a chronic, progressive, systemic autoimmune disorder leading to inflammation, stiffness, defective position and destruction of joints. Finally a complete loss of mobility and functioning can be the result. The fraction of disability varies strongly, for example, a systematic review shows a 50% disability in a period from first occurrence to disability from 4.5 to 22 years. Scientific efforts focused strongly on therapeutic and diagnostic methods during recent years. So far, there is no scientometric approach of the topic rheumatoid arthritis available although there is an increased need to evaluate quality and quantity of scientific research. Density-equalizing algorithms, scientometric methods and large scale data analysis were applied to evaluate the quality and quantity of scientific efforts in the field of rheumatoid arthritis. Data were gained from Pubmed and ISI-Web. During the period 1901-2007, 78,128 items were published by 129 countries including the USA, UK and Germany being the most productive suppliers, representing 45.7% of all publications. Another 23 countries published more than 100 items. In terms of international cooperation the USA proved to be the most successful partner. “Arthritis and Rheumatism”, “Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases” and the “Journal of Rheumatology” are the most prolific journals. The current study is the first analysis of “rheumatoid arthritis” research activities and output. Our analysis revealed single areas of interest, the most prolific journals, authors and institutions dealing with the topic. Nevertheless, statements concerning the scientific quality should be considered critical due to a bias according to self-citation and co-authorship.Keywords: Association, Autoimmune Disorder, Care, Citation, Co-Authorship, Diseases, Disorder, Impact Factor, Journals, Productivity Loss, Publications, Research, Review, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scientometrics, Self-Citation, Self-Citation Bias, Sick Leave, Systematic Review, Topic, UK, USA, Work? Kalichman, L. (2010), Massage therapy for fibromyalgia symptoms. Rheumatology International, 30 (9), 1151-1157.Full Text: 2010\Rhe Int30, 1151.pdfAbstract: Massage therapy is widely used by patients with fibromyalgia seeking symptom relief. We performed a review of all available studies with an emphasis on randomized controlled trials to determine whether massage therapy can be a viable treatment of fibromyalgia symptoms. Extensive narrative review. PUBMED, PsychInfo, CINAHL, PEDro, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (inception-December 2009) were searched for the key words “massage”, “massotherapy”, “self-massage”, “soft tissue manipulation”, “soft tissue mobilization”, “complementary medicine”, “fibromyalgia” “fibrositis”, and “myofascial pain”. No language restrictions were imposed. The reference lists of all articles retrieved in full were also searched. The effects of massage on fibromyalgia symptoms have been examined in two single-arm studies and six randomized controlled trials. All reviewed studies showed short-term benefits of massage, and only one single-arm study demonstrated long-term benefits. All reviewed studies had methodological problems. The existing literature provides modest support for use of massage therapy in treating fibromyalgia. Additional rigorous research is needed in order to establish massage therapy as a safe and effective intervention for fibromyalgia. In massage therapy of fibromyalgia, we suggest that massage will be painless, its intensity should be increased gradually from session to session, in accordance with patient’s symptoms; and the sessions should be performed at least 1-2 times a week.Keywords: Connective-Tissue Massage, Databases, Depression, Fibromyalgia, Google Scholar, Intervention, ISI, Literature, Low-Back-Pain, Massage, Pain, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Review, Science, Symptoms, Therapy, Treatment, Web of Science? Sharif, P.S., Abdollahi, M. and Larijani, B. (2011), Current, new and future treatments of osteoporosis. Rheumatology International, 31 (3), 289-300.Full Text: 2011\Rhe Int31, 289.pdfAbstract: Osteoporosis as a common chronic disease is challenging human health. Although different therapeutic options are routinely used for prevention/treatment of osteoporosis, their side effects and benefits are under question. Increasing our knowledge about signaling pathways in bone and osteocytes as well as osteoblasts and osteoclasts will help us in designing new therapeutic modalities for osteoporosis. In the present study, all new therapeutic measures of osteoporosis have been reviewed. For this purpose, search engines like PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar were searched and all relevant articles were found. The study was limited to the year 1998-2010. Bisphosphonates are the cornerstone of osteoporosis treatment, but there are not enough relevant studies that investigated their equivalencies in comparison with each other or the other medications. Therefore, medication selection is empirical and subjective. Furthermore, no eminent study has compared certain combinations. There are new hopes for treatment of osteoporosis, which are more specific with less harm. Our results show that new and emerging therapies are more potent and target specified which more individualize osteoporosis treatment; however, more investigations on their safety and efficacy in comparison with current medications are highly recommended.Keywords: Bone, Bone Formation, Bone Resorption, Bone-Mineral Density, Cathepsin-K Inhibitor, Chronic Disease, Disease, Efficacy, Google Scholar, Healthy Postmenopausal Women, Human, Knowledge, L-Carnitine Fumarate, Marrow Stromal Cells, Medication, Metaphyseal Trabecular Bone, New Therapies, Osteoporosis, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Reduces Osteocyte Expression, Safety, Science, Scopus, Treatment, Vertebral Fracture Risk, Vitamin-D Supplementation, Web of Science? Ozcakar, Z.B. and Yalcinkaya, F. (2011), Vascular comorbidities in familial Mediterranean fever. Rheumatology International, 31 (10), 1275-1281.Full Text: 2011\Rhe Int31, 1275.pdfAbstract: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a common hereditary autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent febrile attacks and polyserositis. The MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene missense mutations altering the structure and function of pyrin protein play a significant role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Mutated pyrin is associated with the loss of delicate control of the inflammatory pathways, which results in a prolonged or augmented inflammation that predisposes these patients and carriers of the MEFV mutation to a pro-inflammatory state. This increased inflammation might lead to susceptibility to vascular comorbidities in FMF patients and even in carriers. In this review, we aim to discuss the vascular comorbidities seen in FMF patients. For this purpose, a thorough search was done in Web sites such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar, and the most relevant articles and case reports were evaluated. It seems that various vasculitides and the emerging problem of atherosclerosis have increasingly been recognized in these patients and, on the other hand, cardiac amyloidosis appears as a rare but devastating complication of FMF. Future studies will shed light on the unknown aspects of the emerging vascular problems in patients with FMF.Keywords: Aa Amyloidosis, Acute Myocardial-Infarction, Amyloidosis, Atherosclerosis, Behcets-Disease, Case Reports, Comorbidities, Control, Disease, Disorder, Familial Mediterranean Fever, Fever, Google Scholar, Hand, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura, Increased Risk, Inflammation, Intima-Media Thickness, Lead, Mefv Mutations, Patients, Polyarteritis-Nodosa, Renal Amyloidosis, Review, Science, Scopus, Subclinical Inflammation, Susceptibility, Vasculitis, Web of Science? Gasparyan, A.Y., Ayvazyan, L., Blackmore, H. and Kitas, G.D. (2011), Writing a narrative biomedical review: Considerations for authors, peer reviewers, and editors. Rheumatology International, 31 (11), 1409-1417.Full Text: 2011\Rhe Int31, 1409.pdfAbstract: Review articles comprehensively covering a specific topic are crucial for successful research and academic projects. Most editors consider review articles for special and regular issues of journals. Writing a review requires deep knowledge and understanding of a Weld. The aim of this review is to analyze the main steps in writing a narrative biomedical review and to consider points that may increase the chances of success. We performed a comprehensive search through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science using the following keywords: review of the literature, narrative review, title, abstract, authorship, ethics, peer review, research methods, medical writing, scientific writing, and writing standards. Opinions expressed in the review are also based on personal experience as authors, peer reviewers, and editors.Keywords: Abstract, Abstracts, Authors, Authorship, Biomedical, Diseases, Embase, Ethics, Familial Mediterranean Fever, Impact, Journals, Knowledge, Literature, Medical, Medical Journals, Medical Writing, Medline, Narrative Review, Of-the-Literature, Peer Review, Peer Reviewers, Peer-Review, Platelets, Points, Research, Research Methods, Review, Review Articles, Rheumatoid-Arthritis, Science, Scopus, Standards, Success, Title, Web of Science, Writing? Chen, M., Zhao, M.H. and Kallenberg, C.G.M. (2011), The impact factor of rheumatology journals: An analysis of 2008 and the recent 10 years. Rheumatology International, 31 (12), 1611-1615.Full Text: 2011\Rhe Int31, 1611.pdfAbstract: Despite various weaknesses, the impact factor (IF) is still used as an important indictor for scientific quality in specific subject categories. In the current study, the IFs of rheumatology journals over the past 10 years were serially analyzed and compared with that from other fields. For the past 10 years (1999-2008), the IFs published by the Institute for Scientific Information in the Science Citation Index-Journal Citation Report were analyzed. For the majority of rheumatology journals, the IF shows a gradually increasing trend. The mean and median level of increase of IF from 1999 to 2008 is 233.9 and 66.5%, respectively. The increase in IF from 1999 or the first year with IF documentation to that in 2008 was higher for European journals than for the USA journals. The aggregate IF and the median IF of rheumatology journals remained within the top 30% and top 15% in clinical medical and all the scientific categories, respectively. Over the past 10 years, rheumatology journals showed a general increase in IF and rheumatology remained a leading discipline. For journals in the English language, those from Europe had an even higher increase than those from USA.Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Clinical Medicine, Documentation, English, Europe, Impact, Impact Factor, Journals, Medical, Quality, Rheumatology, Science, Scientific Information, Trend, USATitle: RhinologyFull Journal Title: RhinologyISO Abbreviated Title: RhinologyJCR Abbreviated Title: RhinologyISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:Impact Factor? Gane, S. (2010), What we don’t know about olfaction Part 1: from nostril to receptor. Rhinology, 48 (2), 131-138.Abstract: The sense of smell is still mysterious in many ways, despite the advances of the past few years. This review gives a broad overview of the state of the field by examining each step of the process of signal transduction from odorant to brain. Each subject section was searched individually in PUBMED, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar as well as materials known to the author. The results are sequentially presented in order of anatomical progression of the signal. The review finds many surprising and interesting theories, facts and methods worthy of further research.Keywords: Activation, Author, Brain, Crystal-Structure, Epithelium, Functional Expression, Gene-Expression, Google Scholar, ISI, Molecular-Basis, Mouse, Neuron Olfactory Mucosa, Odorant Receptor, Odorant-Binding-Protein, Olfaction Disorders, Olfactory Perception, Olfactory Receptor, Olfactory Tract, Overview, Progression, Protein-Coupled-Receptors, Research, Review, Science, Smell, Specificity, Theories, Web of ScienceTitle: Rhode Island Medical Journal? Waters, W.J. (1982), The public is responsible for high health-care costs. Rhode Island Medical Journal, 65 (5), 181-182.Title: RhodoraFull Journal Title: RhodoraISO Abbreviated Title: RhodoraJCR Abbreviated Title: RhodoraISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor? Conant, D.S. (1981), A new name for a Puerto-rican tree fern. Rhodora, 83 (833), 149-149.Title: R.I.B.A. Symposium: Energy Conservation and the Professional Response, Coleraine, N. IrelandMcKay, G. (1980), Economic appraisal of energy conversation measures in buildings. R.I.B.A. Symposium: Energy Conservation and the Professional Response, Coleraine, N. Ireland, March, 5-15.Title: Risk Analysis(Risk Anal.)Full Journal Title: Risk AnalysisISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Moskowitz, P.D., Morris, S.C., Fischer, H., Thode, Jr., H.C. and Hamilton, L.D. (1985), Synthetic-fuel plants: Potential tumor risks to public health. Risk Analysis, 5 (3), 181-194.Abstract: This article quantifies potential public health risks from tumor-producing pollutants emitted from two synthetic-fuel plants (direct liquefaction--Exxon Donor Solvent: and indirect liquefaction--Lurgi Fischer-Tropsch) located at a representative site in the eastern United States. In these analyses gaseous and aqueous waste streams were characterized; exposures via inhalation, terrestrial and aquatic food chains, and drinking water supplies were modeled. Analysis suggested that emissions of ‘polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,’ ‘aromatic amines,’ ‘neutral N, O, S heterocyclics,’ ‘nitriles,’ and ‘other trace elements’ pose the largest quantifiable risks to public health. Data and analysis for these pollutant categories should be refined to more accurately match compound-specific estimated exposure levels with tumorigenic potency estimates. Before these results are used for regulatory purposes, more detailed analysis for selected pollutant classes are needed, and more sophisticated aquatic exposure models must be developed. Also, differences in geographic scales among the environmental transport models used need to be rectified.? Pease, W.S., Zeise, L. and Kelter, A. (1990), Risk assessment for carcinogens under California’s Proposition 65. Risk Analysis, 10 (2), 255-271.Abstract: Risk assessments for carcinogens are being developed through an accelerated process in California as a part of the state’s implementation of Proposition 65, the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act. Estimates of carcinogenic potency made by the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) are generally similar to estimates made by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The largest differences are due to EPA’s use of the maximum likelihood estimate instead of CDHS’ use of the upper 95% confidence bounds on potencies derived from human data and to procedures used to correct for studies of short duration or with early mortality. Numerical limits derived from these potency estimates constitute ‘no significant risk’ levels, which govern exemption from Proposition 65’s discharge prohibition and warning requirements. Under Proposition 65 regulations, lifetime cancer risks less than 10-5 are not significant and cumulative intake is not considered. Following these regulations, numerical limits for a number of Proposition 65 carcinogens that are applicable to the control of toxic discharges are less stringent than limits under existing federal water pollution control laws. Thus, existing federal limits will become the Proposition 65 levels for discharge. Chemicals currently not covered by federal and state controls will eventually be subject to discharge limitations under Proposition 65. ‘No significant risk’ levels (expressed in terms of daily intake of carcinogens) also trigger warning requirements under Proposition 65 that are more extensive than existing state or federal requirements. A variety of chemical exposures from multiple sources are identified that exceed Proposition 65’s ‘no significant risk’ levels.? Luebeck, E.G. and Moolgavkar, S.H. (1991), Stochastic analysis of intermediate lesions in carcinogenesis experiments. Risk Analysis, 11 (1), 149-157.Abstract: In many animal model systems for carcinogenesis, well characterized putative premalignant lesions are observed. A much studied example is provided by the enzyme altered foci in rodent hepatocarcinogenesis experiments. In a recent paper, we proposed a method for the quantitative analysis of such premalignant lesions. The model used in that paper assumed that the mean growth of premalignant clones is exponential. However, it has been suggested that such a model is oversimplified. In this paper, we relax the assumption of exponential mean growth. The new model contains one extra parameter that measures departures from exponentiality. Use of the model is illustrated by analysis of ATPase deficient foci in the liver of rats given NNM (N-nitrosomorpholine) in their drinking water. The analysis suggests that the clonal growth of altered cells is significantly accelerated (superexponential) for nontoxic doses of NNM. Finally, the hazard function of the two-mutation model for carcinogenesis is briefly discussed under nonexponential (mean) growth of intermediate cells.? Haas, C.N., Rose, J.B., Gerba, C. and Regli, S. (1993), Risk assessment of virus in drinking water. Risk Analysis, 13 (5), 545-552.Abstract: The reevaluation of drinking water treatment practices in a desire to minimize the formation of disinfection byproducts while assuring minimum levels of public health protection against infectious organisms has caused it to become necessary to consider the problem of estimation of risks posed from exposure to low levels of microorganisms, such as virus or protozoans, found in treated drinking water. This paper outlines a methodology based on risk assessment principles to approach the problem. The methodology is validated by comparison with results obtained in a prospective epidemiological study. It is feasible to produce both point and interval estimates of infection, illness and perhaps mortality by this methodology. Areas of uncertainty which require future data are indicated.? Adams, M.R., Hanna, C.A., Mayernik, J.A. and Mendez, Jr., W.M. (1994), Probabilistic health risk assessment for exposures to estuary sediments and biota contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated terphenyls and other toxic substances. Risk Analysis, 14 (4), 577-594.Abstract: A Latin Hypercube probabilistic risk assessment methodology was employed in the assessment of health risks associated with exposures to contaminated sediment and biota in an estuary in the Tidewater region of Virginia. The primary contaminants were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals released into the estuary from a storm sewer system. The exposure pathways associated with the highest contaminant intake and risks were dermal contact with contaminated sediment and ingestion of contaminated aquatic and terrestrial biota from the contaminated area. As expected, all of the output probability distributions of risk were highly skewed, and the ratios of the expected value (mean) to median risk estimates ranged from 1.4 to 14.8 for the various exposed populations. The 99th percentile risk estimates were as much as two orders of magnitude above the mean risk estimates. For the sediment exposure pathways, the stability of the median risk estimates was found to be much greater than the stability of the expected value risk estimates. The interrun variability in the median risk estimate was found to be±1.9% at 3000 iterations. The interrun stability of the mean risk estimates was found to be approximately equal to that of the 95th percentile estimates at any number of iterations. The variation in neither contaminant concentrations nor any other single input variable contributed disproportionately to the overall simulation variance. The inclusion or exclusion of spatial correlations among contaminant concentrations in the simulation model did not significantly effect either the magnitude or the variance of the simulation risk estimates for sediment exposures.? Brown, K.G. and Chen, C.J. (1995), Significance of exposure assessment to analysis of cancer risk from inorganic arsenic in drinking water in Taiwan. Risk Analysis, 15 (4), 475-484.Abstract: The primary source of evidence that inorganic arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased mortality from cancer at internal sites (bladder, liver, lung, and other organs) is a large ecologic study conducted in regions of Southwest Taiwan endemic to Blackfoot disease. The dose-response patterns for lung, liver, and bladder cancers display a nonlinear dose-response relationship with arsenic exposure. The data do not appear suitable, however, for the more refined task of dose-response assessment, particularly for inference of risk at the low arsenic concentrations found in some U.S. water supplies. The problem lies in variable arsenic concentrations between the wells within a village, largely due to a mix of shallow wells and deep artesian wells, and in having only one well test for 24 (40%) of the 60 villages. The current analysis identifies 14 villages where the exposure appears most questionable, based on criteria described in the text. The exposure values were then changed for seven of the villages, from the median well test being used as a default to some other point in the village’s range of well tests that would contribute to smoothing the appearance of a dose-response curve. The remaining seven villages, six of which had only one well test, were deleted as outliers. The resultant dose-response patterns showed no evidence of excess risk below arsenic concentrations of 0.1 mg/l. of course, that outcome is dependent on manipulation of the data, as described. Inclusion of the seven deleted villages would make estimates of risk much higher at low doses. In those seven villages, the cancer mortality rates are significantly high for their exposure levels, suggesting that their exposure values may be too low or that other etiological factors need to be taken into account.? Weinstein, N.D., Kolb, K. and Goldstein, B.D. (1996), Using time intervals between expected events to communicate risk magnitudes. Risk Analysis, 16 (3), 305-308.Abstract: Because members of the public have difficulty understanding risk presented in terms of odds ratios (e.g. 1 in 1000) and in comparing odds ratios from different hazards, we examined the use of time intervals between expected harmful events to communicate risk. Perceptions of the risk from a hypothetical instance of naturally-occurring, cancer-causing arsenic in drinking water supplies was examined with a sample of 705 homeowners. The risk was described as either 1 in 1000 or 1 in 100,000 and as present in a town of 2000 people or a city of 200,000 people. With these parameters, the time intervals ranged from 1 expected death in 3500 years (1 in 100,000 risk, small town) to 1 death every 4 months (1 in 1000 risk, city). The addition of time intervals to the odds ratios significantly decreased perceived threat and perceived need for action in the small town but did not affect response for the city. These framing effects were nearly as large as a 100-fold difference in actual risk. Instances when this communication approach may be useful are discussed.? McKone, T.E., Daniels, J.I. and Goldman, M. (1996), Uncertainties in the link between global climate change and predicted health risks from pollution: Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) case study using a fugacity model. Risk Analysis, 16 (3), 377-393.Abstract: Industrial societies have altered the earth’s environment in ways that could have important, longterm ecological, economic, and health implications. In this paper, we examine the extent to which uncertainty about, Global climate change could impact the precision of predictions of secondary outcomes such as health impacts of pollution. Using a model that links global climate change with predictions of chemical exposure and human health risk in the Western region of the United States of America (U.S.), we define parameter variabilities and uncertainties and we characterize the resulting outcome variance. As a case study, we consider the public health consequences from releases of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a ubiquitous multimedia pollutant. By constructing a matrix that links global environmental change both directly and indirectly to potential human-health effects attributable to HCB released into air, soil, and water, we define critical parameter variances in the health risk estimation process. We employ a combined uncertainty/sensitivity analysis to investigate how HCB releases are affected by increasing atmospheric temperature and the accompanying climate alterations that are anticipated. We examine how such uncertainty impacts both the expected magnitude and calculational precision of potential human exposures and health effects. This assessment reveals that uncertain temperature increases of up to 5°C have little impact on either the magnitude or precision of the public-health consequences estimated under existing climate variations for HCB released into air and water in the Western region of the U.S.? Ginsberg, G.L., Pepelko, W.E., Goble, R.L. and Hattis, D.B. (1996), Comparison of contact site cancer potency across dose routes: Case study with epichlorohydrin. Risk Analysis, 16 (5), 667-681.Abstract: Risk assessment for airborne carcinogens is often limited by a lack of inhalation bioassay data. While extrapolation from oral-based cancer potency factors may be possible for some agents, this is not considered feasible for contact site carcinogens. The change in contact sites (oral: g.i. tract; inhalation: respiratory tract) when switching dose routes leads to possible differences in tissue sensitivity as well as chemical delivery. This research evaluates the feasibility to extrapolate across dose routes for a contact site carcinogen through a case study with epichlorohydrin (EPI). EPI cancer potency at contact sites is compared across three bioassays involving different dose routes (gavage, drinking water, inhalation) through the use of dosimetry models to adjust for EPI delivery to contact sites. Results indicate a large disparity (two orders of magnitude) in potency across the three routes of administration when expressed as the externally applied dose. However, when expressed as peak delivered dose, inhalation and oral potency estimates are similar and overall, the three potency estimates are within a factor of seven. The results suggest that contact site response to EPI is more dependent upon the rate than the route of delivery, with peak concentration the best way to extrapolate across dose routes. These results cannot be projected to other carcinogens without further study.? Dourson, M.L. and Felter, S.P. (1997), Route-to-route extrapolation of the toxic potency of MTBE. Risk Analysis, 17 (6), 717-725.Abstract: MTBE is a volatile organic compound used as an oxygenating agent in gasoline. Inhalation from fumes while refueling automobiles is the principle route of exposure for humans, and toxicity by this route has been well studied. Oral exposures to MTBE exist as well, primarily due to groundwater contamination from leaking stationary sources, such as underground storage tanks. Assessing the potential public health impacts of oral exposures to MTBE is problematic because drinking water studies do not exist for MTBE, and the few oil-gavage studies from which a risk assessment could be derived are limited. This paper evaluates the suitability of the MTBE database for conducting an inhalation route-to-oral route extrapolation of toxicity. This includes evaluating the similarity of critical effect between these two routes, quantifiable differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, and sufficiency of toxicity data by the inhalation route. We conclude that such an extrapolation is appropriate and have validated the extrapolation by finding comparable toxicity between a subchronic gavage oral bioassay and oral doses we extrapolate from a subchronic inhalation bioassay. Our results are extended to the 2-year inhalation toxicity study by Chun et al., (1992) in which rats were exposed to 0, 400, 3000, or 8000 ppm MTBE for 6 hr/d, 5 d/wk. We have estimated the equivalent oral doses to be 0, 130, 940, or 2700 mg/kg/d. These equivalent doses may be useful in conducting noncancer and cancer risk assessments.? Griffin, R.J., Dunwoody, S. and Zabala, F. (1998), Public reliance on risk communication channels in the wake of a Cryptosporidium outbreak. Risk Analysis, 18 (4), 367-375.Abstract: In the spring of, (1993), about 39% of Milwaukee-area residents suffered through a nationally publicized illness brought about by Cryptosporidium, a parasite that had infested the metropolitan drinking water supply. Our study, based on a telephone survey of 610 local adult residents, indicates that worry about becoming ill in the future with cryptosporidiosis relates more strongly and consistently to public reliance on, and use of, media for Cryptosporidium information than do a range of risk perception and experience variables. We propose that more studies should take an audience-centered approach to understanding risk communication.? Burger, J., Kennamer, R.A., Brisbin, Jr., I.L. and Gochfeld, M. (1998), A risk assessment for consumers of mourning doves. Risk Analysis, 18 (5), 563-573.Abstract: Recreational and subsistence hunters and anglers consume a wide range of species, including birds, mammals, fish and shellfish, some of which represent significant exposure pathways for environmental toxic agents. This study focuses on the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Savannah River Site (SRS), a former nuclear weapons production facility in South Carolina. The potential risk of contaminant intake from consuming mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), the most popular United States game bird, was examined under various risk scenarios. For all of these scenarios we used the mean tissue concentration of six metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, selenium, chromium, manganese) and radiocesium, in doves collected on and near SRS. We also estimated risk to a child consuming doves that had the maximum contaminant level. We used the cancer slope factor for radiocesium, the Environmental Protection Agencies Uptake/Biokinetic model for lead, and published reference doses for the other metals. As a result of our risk assessments we recommend management of water levels in contaminated reservoirs so that lake bed sediments are not exposed to use by gamebirds and other terrestrial wildlife. Particularly, measures should be taken to insure that the hunting public does not have access to such a site. Our data also indicate that doves on popular hunting areas are exposed to excess lead, suggesting that banning lead shot for doves, as has been done for waterfowl, is desirable.? Lichtenberg, E. and Zimmerman, R. (1999), Adverse health experiences, environmental attitudes, and pesticide usage behavior of farm operators. Risk Analysis, 19 (2), 283-294.Abstract: Water pollution from agricultural pesticides continues to be a public concern. Given that the use of such pesticides on the farm is largely governed by voluntary behavior, it is important to understand what drives farmer behavior. Health belief models in public health and social psychology argue that persons who have adverse health experiences are likely to undertake preventive behavior. An analogous hypothesis set was tested here: farmers who believe they have had adverse health experiences from pesticides are likely to have heightened concerns about pesticides and are more likely to take greater precautions in dealing with pesticides. This work is based on an original survey of a population of 2700 corn and soybean growers in Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania using the U.S. Department of Agriculture data base. It was designed as a mail survey with telephone follow-up, and resulted in a 60 percent response rate. Farm operators report experiencing adverse health problems they believe are associated with pesticides that is equivalent to an incidence rate that is higher than the reported incidence of occupational pesticide poisonings, but similar to the reported incidence of all pesticide poisonings. Farmers who report experiencing such problems have more heightened concerns about water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and illness and injury from mixing, loading, and applying pesticides than farmers who have not experienced such problems. Farmers who report experiencing such problems also are more likely to report using alternative pest management practices than farmers who do not report having such problems. This implies that farmers who have had such experiences do care about the effects of application and do engage in alternative means of pest management, which at least involve the reduction in pesticide use.? Swartjes, F.A. (1999), Risk-based assessment of soil and groundwater quality in The Netherlands: Standards and remediation urgency. Risk Analysis, 19 (6), 1235-1249.Abstract: To assess soil and groundwater quality two generic (i.e. multifunctional) risk-based standards, Target and Intervention Value, have been developed, in the framework of the Dutch Soil Protection Act. These standards allow soil and groundwater to be classified as clean, slightly contaminated or seriously contaminated. The Target Value is based on potential risks to ecosystems, while the Intervention Value is based on potential risks to humans and ecosystems. In the case of serious soil contamination the site has, in principle, to be remediated, making it necessary to determine the remediation urgency on the basis of actual (i.e. site-specific) risks to humans and ecosystems and, besides, actual risks due to contaminant migration.? Teunis, P.F., Nagelkerke, N.J. and Haas, C.N. (1999), Dose response models for infectious gastroenteritis. Risk Analysis, 19 (6), 1251-1260.Abstract: When pathogenic microorganisms enter the human body via ingestion with food or drinking water, they encounter a system of barriers mounted by the host. In order to reach parts of the intestinal tract that are suitable for growth and attachment, each of the barriers must be overcome successfully. The present view on infection states that at least one of the ingested pathogens must survive to start colonization. This is the basis for dose response models, used for quantitative risk assessment. In this paper, the usefulness of the Beta Poisson model for multiple barriers is corroborated. Infection is associated with the presence of elevated numbers of reproducing pathogens in the intestinal tract. This does not necessarily imply illness symptoms: when intestinal microorganisms engage in damaging activities, this may lead to illness symptoms. At the same time, these activities probably elicit defensive measures from the host, promoting the removal of pathogens and terminating infection. The duration of the period of colonization reflects the balance between the colonization potential of pathogens and the strength of host defenses. Starting from the assumption that during infection the host has a certain hazard of becoming ill, a simple dose response relation for acute gastroenteritis is developed. With the use of literature data from volunteer experiments, we show that examples can be found for three possible alternatives: an increase in the probability of illness with increasing dose, a decrease with higher doses, and a probability of illness (given infection) independent of the ingested dose. These alternatives may reflect different modes of interaction between pathogens and host.Haas, C.N. (1999), Conditional dose-response relationships for microorganisms: Development and application. Risk Analysis, 22 (3), 455-463.Full Text: R\Ris Ana22, 455.pdfKeywords: Quantitative Risk Assessment, Drinking-Water, Poisson, Cryptosporidium, Distributions, ModelsTitle: River Research and ApplicationsFull Journal Title: River Research and ApplicationsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Tharme, R.E. (2003), A global perspective on environmental flow assessment: Emerging trends in the development and application of environmental flow methodologies for rivers. River Research and Applications, 19 (5-6), 397-441.Full Text: 2003\Riv Res App19, 397.pdfAbstract: Recognition of the escalating hydrological alteration of rivers on a global scale and resultant environmental degradation, has led to the establishment of the science of environmental flow assessment whereby the quantity and quality of water required for ecosystem conservation and resource protection are determined. A global review of the present status of environmental flow methodologies revealed the existence of some 207 individual methodologies, recorded for 44 countries within six world regions. These could be differentiated into hydrological, hydraulic rating, habitat simulation and holistic methodologies, with a further two categories representing combination-type and other approaches. Although historically, the United States has been at the forefront of the development and application of methodologies for prescribing environmental flows, using 37% of the global pool of techniques, parallel initiatives in other parts of the world have increasingly provided the impetus for significant advances in the field. Application of methodologies is typically at two or more levels. (1) Reconnaissance-level initiatives relying on hydrological methodologies are the largest group (30% of the global total), applied in all world regions. Commonly, a modified Tennant method or arbitrary low flow indices is adopted, but efforts to enhance the ecological relevance and transferability of techniques across different regions and river types are underway. (2) At more comprehensive scales of assessment, two avenues of application of methodologies exist. In developed countries of the northern hemisphere, particularly, the instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) or other similarly structured approaches are used. As a group, these methodologies are the second most widely applied worldwide, with emphasis on complex, hydrodynamic habitat modelling. The establishment of holistic methodologies as 8% of the global total within a decade, marks an alternative route by which environmental flow assessment has advanced. Such methodologies, several of which are scenario-based, address the flow requirements of the entire riverine ecosystem, based on explicit links between changes in flow regime and the consequences for the biophysical environment. Recent advancements include the consideration of ecosystem-dependent livelihoods and a benchmarking process suitable for evaluating alternative water resource developments at basin scale, in relatively poorly known systems. Although centred in Australia and South Africa, holistic methodologies have stimulated considerable interest elsewhere. They may be especially appropriate in developing world regions, where environmental flow research is in its infancy and water allocations for ecosystems must, for the time being at least, be based on scant data, best professional judgement and risk assessment. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.Keywords: Environmental Flow Assessment, Environmental Flow Methodologies, Riverine Ecosystems, Country Applications, Global Trends, Developing Regions, South-African Rivers, Instream Flow, Incremental Methodology, Habitat Suitability, Conservation Status, Fresh-Water, Brown Trout, Management, Requirements, EcosystemsTitle: Roczniki ChemiiFull Journal Title: Roczniki ChemiiISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rocz ChemISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Szczepan, S. and Malinows, S. (1969), Studies on solid catalysts. 3. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on ammonia adsorption process on surface of silica- sodium catalysts. Roczniki Chemii, 43 (3), 597-??.? Ciembron, A., Lason, M., Zolcinsk, J. and Zyla, M. (1971), Kinetics of adsorption of water vapor and alcohols on molecular sites 4A and 5A. Roczniki Chemii, 45 (9), 1559-??.? Karpinsk, K. and Garbacz, J. (1973), Modified equation of adsorption-isotherm in nonlocalized monolayers on homogeneous surfaces. Roczniki Chemii, 47 (11), 2179-2182.? Rudzinski, W. and Jaroniec, M. (1975), Adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces - energy-distribution corresponding to dubinin-radushkevich isotherm. Roczniki Chemii, 49 (1), 165-169.? Erdmann, K. (1975), Studies on ion-exchange resins. 4. Application of bradley isotherm to interpretation of water-vapor sorption by carboxylic cation-exchange resin. Roczniki Chemii, 49 (9), 1557-1564.? Fleszar, B., Sobkowiak, A. and binkowski, Z. (1975), Occurrence of adsorption and kinetic waves in reduction of oxygen to hydrogen-peroxide in presence of surface-active substances. Roczniki Chemii, 49 (10), 1725-1736.? Nowacki, P. and Dus, R. (1977), Effect of method of preparing nickel films on adsorption- kinetics and forms of hydrogen adsorbed. Roczniki Chemii, 51 (1), 103-113.Title: Rofo-Fortschritte Auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden VerfahrenFull Journal Title: Rofo-Fortschritte Auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden VerfahrenISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Golder, W. (1998), The impact factor: A critical analysis. Rofo-Fortschritte Auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden Verfahren, 169 (3), 220-226.Abstract: The impact factor, provided by the Institute for Scientific Information, Philadelphia (PA), has become the most important evaluation tool for scientific research and academic work. It is calculated by dividing the number of current year citations to the source items published in the journal during the previous two years. In market research, the impact factor provides quantitative evidence for editors and publishers for positioning their journals in relation to the competition. Despite its popularity, the parameter should be used with careful attention to the many phenomena that influence citation rates. The correlation between the citation frequency of a certain article and the impact factor of the journal in which it is published is questionable, A few articles have many citations and the rest are sparsely cited or not at all. Citation impact is more a measure of utility than of scientific value. Authors’ selection of references is subject to biases unrelated to quality. Moreover, there is a tremendous bias towards English language journals compared with those in other languages. Finally, different specialties exhibit different ranges of peak impact. The impact factor favours research areas that promote many short-term studies. Conversely, a tendency to treat clinical investigations as less important is created.Keywords: Academic Analysis Attention Bias Bibliometrics Citation Citation Frequency Citations Clinical Competition Correlation Current Evaluation Impact Impact Factor Institute for Scientific Information Investigations Journal Journals Language Languages Philadelphia Quality Reference Research Science Scientometrics Selection Source Source Journal Tool Utility? Hoeffel, C. and Fornes, P. (1999), The impact factor: A critical analysis - Comment. Rofo-Fortschritte Auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Bildgebenden Verfahren, 170 (6), 615.Title: Romanian Journal of Economic ForecastingFull Journal Title: Romanian Journal of Economic ForecastingISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1582-6163Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor: ? Cheng, A.C. and Chen, C.Y. (2008), The technology forecasting of new materials: The example of nanosized ceramic powders. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 9 (4), 88-110.Full Text: 2008\Rom J Eco For9, 88.pdfAbstract: New materials have been recognized as significant drivers for corporate growth and profitability in today’s fast changing environments. The nanosized ceramic powders played important parts in new materials field nowadays. However, little has been done in discussing the technology forecasting for the new materials development. Accordingly, this study applied the growth curve method to investigate the technology performances of nanosized ceramic powders. We adopted the bibliometric analysis through El database and trademark office (USPTO) database to gain the useful data for this work. The effort resulted in nanosized ceramic powders were all in the initial growth periods of technological life cycles. The technology performances of nanosized ceramic powders through the El and USPTO databases were similar and verified by each other. and there were parts of substitutions between traditional and nanosized ceramic powders. The bibliometric analysis was proposed as the simple and efficient tools to link the science and technology activities, and to obtain quantitative and historical data for helping researchers in technology forecasting, especially in rare historical data available fields, such as the new materials fields.Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Corporate, Cycles, Data, Database, Databases, Development, Diffusion, Effort, EL, Field, Forecasting, Growth, Historical Data, Life, Model, Nanosized, New Materials, Profitability, Science, Science and Technology, Substitution, Technology, Technology Forecasting, WorkTitle: RomantismeFull Journal Title: RomantismeISO Abbreviated Title: RomantismeJCR Abbreviated Title: RomantismeISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Rosa, G., Trzepizur, S. and Vaillant, A. (1993), The people of the poets - Bibliometric study of French popular poetry from 1870 to 1880. Romantisme, 23 (80), 21-55.Keywords: Bibliometric, FrenchTitle: The Royal Statistical Society Series C-Applied StatisticsFull Journal Title: The Royal Statistical Society Series C-Applied StatisticsISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0035-9254Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Colquhou, D. (1969), A comparison of estimators for a 2-parameter hyperbola. The Royal Statistical Society Series C-Applied Statistics, 18 (2), 130-140.Title: Rozhledy v ChirurgiiFull Journal Title: Rozhledy v ChirurgiiISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Rozhl ChirISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Novák, K. (2003), The present and future of Czech medical journals--discussion. Rozhledy v Chirurgii, 82 (8), 441.Keywords: MedicalTitle: RQFull Journal Title: ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0033-7072Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories:: Impact Factor? Pope, N.N. (1992), Accuracy of references in ten library science journals. RQ, 32 (2), 240-243.Abstract: A study of 100 article citations from 11 library science journals showed only 45 article citations that were completely free of errors, while 11 had major errors--i.e., errors preventing or hindering location of the reference--and the remaining 44 had minor errors. Citation accuracy in library science journals appears similar to accuracy in other disciplines. (15 references) (EA)Keywords: Medical JournalsTitle: RSC AdvancesFull Journal Title: RSC AdvancesISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Li, M.X., Wang, H.T., Wu, S.J., Li, F.T. and Zhi, P.D. (2012), Adsorption of hazardous dyes indigo carmine and acid red on nanofiber membranes. RSC Advances, 2 (3), 900-907.Full Text: 2012\RSC Adv2, 900.pdfAbstract: Through an electrospinning process, thiol-functionalized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/SiO2 composite nanofiber membranes were synthesized as adsorbents. The adsorption of indigo carmine and acid red onto the nanofiber membranes was investigated. The effect of contact time, initial concentration, pH, dosage, temperature, the adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters were studied. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 min. The initial concentration, pH and the temperature played important roles on the adsorption capacity onto the nanofiber membranes. Increase of the initial concentration could effectively increase the adsorption capacity. The best adsorption pH was 2 for indigo carmine and acid red. Higher temperatures were favourable for the adsorption. The maximum indigo carmine adsorption capacity was 266.77 mg g-1 for 500 mg L-1 indigo carmine and 211.74 mg g-1 for 315 mg L-1 acid red at pH 2 and 25?C. The adsorption isotherm studies showed that the adsorption of the two dyes fitted well with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson adsorption models, while the Redlich-Peterson model achieved the best results. The kinetic adsorption shows that the pseudo-second-order model fits the adsorption process of indigo carmine while the pseudo-first-order model fits the adsorption process of acid red.Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Behavior, Biosorbent, Composite, Concentration, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Isotherm, Kinetic, Langmuir, Mesoporous Silica, Metal-Ions, pH, Removal, Selective Adsorption, Sorbents, Temperature, Thermodynamic? Zhu, Z., Yang, X.X., He, L.N. and Li, W. (2012), Adsorption of Hg2+ from aqueous solution on functionalized MCM-41. RSC Advances, 2 (3), 1088-1095.Full Text: 2012\RSC Adv2, 1088.pdfAbstract: Mesoporous MCM-41 has been functionalized using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyldimethoxymethylsilane (KH602). The adsorption behavior of Hg2+ on functionalized MCM-41 was investigated systematically. The adsorption rates were very fast and agreed well with pseudo second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well. The modified MCM-41 adsorbent functionalized using KH602 (NM2) displayed the greatest mercury adsorption efficiency and residual concentration of Hg2+ was able to achieve drinking water standards. The regeneration capacity maintained 99.75% performance when the initial solution concentration was 4 mg L-1 (4000 ppb) at the tenth cycle, meeting the safe regulatory discharge standard for the first time. Meanwhile, regeneration by washing only with deionized water to remove residual surface Hg2+ can cut down the cost of traditional desorption agents and reduce damage to the structure of the adsorbent. Therefore, the adsorbent NM2 has potential and promising application in the field of water pollution control.Keywords: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Cations, Concentration, Desorption, Gel, Hg(II), Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, MCM-41, Mercury, Mesoporous Silica, Pollution, Regeneration, Removal, Routes, SBA-15, Second Order Kinetics, SeparationTitle: Rural Remote HealthFull Journal Title: Rural Remote HealthISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1445-6354Issues/Year: Journal Country Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? McLean, R., Mendis, K., Harris, B. and Canalese, J. (2007), Retrospective bibliometric review of rural health research: Australia’s contribution and other trends. Rural Remote Health, 7 (4), 767.Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The health of half of the world’s 6 billion people and of the 6 million Australians living in rural and remote communities is demonstrably poorer than that of their metropolitan counterparts. As the existence of the discrete specialty of rural health (RH) is gaining acceptability worldwide, publications about RH issues are increasing in prevalence. We undertook a bibliometric analysis of Australian rural research trends and compared these with international RH research output, and analyzed how Australian RH research has been addressing the National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) during this period. METHODS: MEDLINE-listed publications from 1990 to 2005 relating to rural health or rural health services were downloaded using PubMed and written to a Microsoft Access database using specially developed software. Analysis was performed to determine the country of origin of the authors, frequency of journals, publication types and how publications addressed Australian NHPAs. RESULTS: We retrieved 20 913 rural health publications of which 1442 (6.8%) were from Australia. Analysis from 1990 and 2005 showed total world yearly publications increased from 410 to 1207, while the respective contribution from Australia increased from 17 (4.1%) to 198 (16.4%). Canadian and USA contributions increased respectively from 10 (2.4%) to 110 (9.1%) and 131 (32%) to 298 (24.7%). The top five journals that published RH articles were Journal of Rural Health (JRH; 453), Australian Journal of Rural Health (AJRH; 417), Medical Journal of Australia (MJA; 192), Social Science Medicine (191) and Lancet (171). The Australian journals with the largest number of RH publications were AJRH (374), MJA (177), Australian Family Physician (101), Rural Remote Health (55) and Journal of Telemedicine Telecare (54). The most frequent publication type was the journal article in all three countries. Australian publications comprised journal articles (85.1%), letters (9.1%), reviews (5.6%), editorials (4.7%) and clinical trials (2.9%). Australia had the lowest proportion of clinical trials of the three countries. Of the total 1290 Australian publications, 317 (25%) addressed the NHPAs. Of these, 118 (37.2%) addressed mental health, 54 (17%) cancer, 41 (12.9%) cardiovascular disease, 37(11.7%) injury prevention, 35(11%) diabetes and 15 (4.7%) arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions. DISCUSSION: Australia’s contribution to the international RH literature is increasing, both in terms of the relative numerical contribution and the prominence of selected Australian journals as the destination for articles on RH topics. Of dedicated RH journals, AJRH is now almost as frequently used by authors as JRH. However the general journals Lancet, BMJ and MJA were also among the most frequent publishers of RH articles. Telemedicine and general practice journals (Australian Family Physician & Canadian Family Physician) were also among the top journals that published RH articles, which highlights the increasingly prominent role played by information and communication technologies in the delivery of rural health care in general practice settings. The most frequent NHPA addressed by the RH publications in Australia was mental health. However only approximately 1% of total Australian health publications from 1990 to 2005 addressed RH. There is still a pressing need for more RH research, particularly in health priority areas.Keywords: Acceptability, Access, Analysis, Arthritis, Australia, Australian, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular Disease, Care, Clinical, Clinical Trials, Communication, Contribution, Country, Country of Origin, Database, Delivery, Diabetes, Disease, Family, General, General Practice, Health, Health Care, Health Research, Health Services, Information, Information and Communication, Injury, Injury Prevention, International, Journal, Journal Article, Journal Articles, Journals, Literature, Living, Mental Health, Methods, Origin, Practice, Prevalence, Prevention, Publication, Publications, Pubmed, Research, Review, Reviews, RH, Role, Rural, Rural Health, Services, Software, Specialty, Technologies, Trends, USA, WorldTitle: Russian Chemical BulletinFull Journal Title: Russian Chemical Bulletin; Russian Chemical BulletinISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1066-5285Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Martyanov, I.N., Savinov, E.N. and Parmon, V.N. (1995), Kinetic peculiarities of redox reactions sensitized by colloidal CdS under steady-state irradiation: The effect of adsorption-desorption processes on the reaction. Russian Chemical Bulletin, 44 (2), 236-246.Full Text: 1995\Rus Che Bul44, 236.pdfAbstract: Photoreduction of Methyl Orange dye (MOr) by sodium sulfide was studied under steady-state photolysis (lambda = 365 nm). The reaction was sensitized by the CdS colloid with the characteristic similar to 5-nm particle size. The quantum yield of the reaction is independent of the light intensity when the latter is less than 5 mW cm-2. The form of the dependence of the initial quantum yield of the reaction on [MOr] coincides qualitatively with the adsorption isotherm of the dye on the CdS surface. The reaction kinetics under steady-state irradiation were analyzed. The kinetics in solution as a whole are shown to be adequate to those on a single colloidal particle. On the basis of the experimental data, two types of surfaces of the colloidal particles are suggested (‘open’ and ‘covered’ with macromolecules of a colloid stabilizer), which significantly differ in the rate at which they establish an adsorption-desorption equilibrium with the solution.Keywords: Photocatalyst, Adsorption, Surfactant, Kinetics, Colloid, Cadmium SulfideAsnin, L.D., Fedorov, A.A. and Chekryshkin, Y.S. (2001), Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption described by the logarithmic Temkin isotherm. Russian Chemical Bulletin, 50 (2), 217-219.Full Text: R\Rus Che Bul50, 217.pdfAbstract: Thermodynamic analysis of the adsorption Temkin isotherm was performed. The equations that describe the dependence of the thermodynamic functions on the amount adsorbed were obtained. A relationship between the excess differential and mean molar thermodynamic functions was found. The thermodynamic approach does not contradict the molecular statistical theory and appears to be more general.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Temkin Isotherm, Thermodynamic Parameters of Adsorption? Kumar, P.S., SathyaSelvaBala, V., Ramakrishnan, K., Vijayalakshmi, P. and Sivanesan, S. (2010), Kinetics and adsorption equilibrium in the system aqueous solution of copper ions-granulated activated carbon. Russian Chemical Bulletin, 59 (10), 1859-1864.Full Text: 2010\Rus Che Bul59, 1859.pdfAbstract: The feasibility of using granulated activated carbon for adsorption removal of copper from aqueous solution was studied. The influence of pH, amount of the adsorbent, contact time, and copper concentration on adsorption of copper was investigated. The single-component equilibrium data on copper adsorption were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin, and Toth adsorption isotherms. The adsorption process was followed by two simplified kinetic models including pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order equations. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium sorption capacities, and the corresponding correlation coefficients were calculated and examined for each kinetic model. It was shown that copper adsorption can be described by the pseudo-second-order equation.Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Biomass, Chitosan, Copper, Dyes, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Heavy-Metal Ions, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, pH, Recovery, Removal, Removal From Solution, Sorption, Toth, Waste-WaterTitle: Russian Chemical ReviewsFull Journal Title: Russian Chemical ReviewsFull Journal Title: Uspekhi KhimiiISO Abbreviated Title: Uspekhi KhimiiJCR Abbreviated Title: Usp KhimISSN: 0042-1308Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: RussiaLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Mezhdunarodnaya KnigaPublisher Address: 39 Dimitrova UL., 113095 Moscow, RussiaSubject Categories: Chemistry: Impact Factor 1.533, 25/121Dubinin, M.M. (1977), Recent equilibrium and kinetics of the adsorption of gases and vapours by microporous adsorbents. Russian Chemical Reviews, 46 (11), 1929-1946.Full Text: 1960-80\Rus Che Rev46, 1929.pdfMelikhov, I.V., Berdonosova, D.G. and Sigeikin, G.I. (2002), Sorption mechanism and prediction of sorbent behaviour in physicochemical systems. Russian Chemical Reviews, 71 (2), 141-158.Full Text: R\Rus Che Rev71, 141.pdf 2002\Rus Che Rev71, 141A.pdfAbstract: The possibility of quantitative and semiquantitative prediction of sorbents’ behaviour in various physicochemical systems is discussed. The attention is primarily devoted to the investigation of elementary processes at different surface areas of a sorbent grain. It is noted that the achieved level of the description of sorption processes based on semiquantitative estimations provides sufficient information to predict sorption kinetics and equilibrium a posteriori. The possibility of sorption by both a separate sorbent grain and grain agglomerates is analysed. The peculiarities of sorption processes on biosorbents are considered. Steps in the search for an optimum sorbent for a given system are described. The bibliography includes 242 references.Dmitrienko, S.G. and Zolotov, Yu.A. (2002), Polyurethane foams in chemical analysis: sorption of various substances and its analytical applications. Russian Chemical Reviews, 71 (2), 159-174.Full Text: R\Rus Che Rev71, 159.pdfAbstract: Data on the sorption properties of polyurethane foams including their modified forms are surveyed. Examples of application of polyurethane foams for the separation and preconcentration of inorganic and organic compounds are given. The mechanisms of sorption on polyurethane foams described in the literature are analysed. Advances in the development of combined and hybrid methods of analysis with the use of these sorbents are discussed. The bibliography includes 259 references.Title: Russian Journal of Applied ChemistryFull Journal Title: Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry Russian Journal of Applied ChemistryISO Abbreviated Title: Russ. J. Appl. Chem.JCR Abbreviated Title: Russ J Appl Chem+ISSN: 1070-4272Issues/Year: 12Journal Country/Territory: RussiaLanguage: EnglishPublisher: Plenum Publ CorpPublisher Address: Consultants Bureau, 233 Spring St, New York, NY 10013Subject Categories: Chemistry, Applied: Impact Factor 0.125, 48/55 (2000)? Kertman. S.V., Kertman, G.M. and Chibrikova, Z.S. (1993), Peat as a heavy-metal sorbent. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 66 (2), 382-383.Abstract: Measurements have been made on the behavior of chemically modified peat with respect to heavy-metal ions. There is high sorption capacity, which can be used in removing heavy-metal ions from effluents.? Venediktov, A.V., Kultyshev, R.G., Korenev, S.V., Korda, T.M. and Simanova, S.A. (1994), Adsorption of microamounts of platinum metal anionic complexes by PAN-MVP fiber. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 67 (4), 602-604.Abstract: A study has been made of equilibrium adsorption isotherms of tetranitrodichloroiridate(III) and hexachloroplatinate(IV) anionic complexes by PAN-MVP anion-exchange fiber from aqueous solutions containing platinum metals in the concentration range from 5.10-7 to 6.10-5 M, containing 1 M Cl- and 0.1 M H+. The reasons have been revealed for tranformation of isotherm equations when the metal concentration in the sorbate is varied over a wide range. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of concentration of microamounts of platinum metals by PAN-MVP fiberKeywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms? Tikhomolova, K.P. and Tsukanova, V.M. (1997), Specific adsorption of hydrolyzable metal cations on oxides. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 70 (3), 337-353.Abstract: The modern state of the problem of specific adsorption of hydrolyzable metal cations on oxides is examined, particularly emphasizing the views on the nature and mechanisms of saturation of bonds originating between a surface adsorption site and an adsorbed cation, specifically the authors’ concept which proclaims a crucial role of donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonding.? Nosova, E.B. and Ivanenko, N.B. (1997), Comparative study of sample preparation procedures for atomic adsorption determination of copper, nickel, and cadmium in sawdust. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 70 (7), 1161-1163.Abstract: A comparative study was made for two sample preparation procedures (acid breakdown and dry ashing) for atomic adsorption determination of copper, nickel, and cadmium in sawdustKeywords: Adsorption, Cadmium, Copper, Preparation, SawdustStavitskaya, S.S., Mironyuk, T.I., Kartel’, N.T. and Strelko, V.V. (2001), Sorption characteristics of ‘food fibers’ in secondary products of processing of vegetable raw materials. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 74 (4), 592-595.Full Text: R\Rus J App Che74, 592.pdfAbstract: Some structural-sorption characteristics of a series of secondary products (wastes) obtained in processing of vegetable raw materials, such as wheat straw, buckwheat peel, sunflower husk, and beet pulp, containing fibrous cellulose skeleton (‘food fibers’), were determined. The effect of chemical and mechanochemical modification of these products on the characteristics of their pore structure and sorption activity with respect to organic substances, heavy metal ions, and Sr-90 radionuclides was studied.Simanova, S.A., Kuznetsova, T.V., Demidov, V.N., Knyaz’kov, O.V. and Konovalov, L.V. (2001), Platinum complexation at sorption of hexachloroplatinate(IV) ion with fibrous N, S-containing sorbents based on polyacrylonitrile (of TIOPAN type). Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 74 (9), 1439-1445.Full Text: R\Rus J App Che74, 1439.pdfAbstract: Sorption properties of fibrous nitrogen-containing sorbents based on polyacrylonitrile containing diethyldithiocarbamate (TIOPAN-2) and 8-mercaptoquinoline groups (TIOPAN-6) with respect to the platinum(IV) chloride complex were studied. The effects of the temperature, platinum concentration, and acidity on the metal recovery were determined. The kinetics of sorption and sorption capacity of sorbents in hydrochloric acid and chloride solutions were established. The most probable mechanism of sorption and the composition of compounds formed in the fiber phase were proposedKeywords: Metals, Resins, Separation, SorbentsEgiazarov, Yu.G., Kravchuk, L.S., Radkevich, V.Z., Ivko, A.A. and Bogushevich, S.E. (2002), Influence of exchangeable cation on dehydration and thermal stability of FIBAN K-1 fibrous sulfonic cation exchanger. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 75 (1), 34-38.Full Text: R\Rus J App Che75, 34.pdfAbstract: The influence of exchangeable cation on dehydration, desulfonation, and thermal oxidative degradation of FIBAN K-1 fibrous sulfonic cation exchanger in the hydrogen, alkali metal, and alkaline-earth metal forms was studied.Gafurova, D.A., Khakimzhanov, B.Sh., Mukhamediev, M.G. and Musaev, U.N. (2002), Sorption of Cr(VI) on the anion-exchange fibrous material based on nitron. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 75 (1), 71-74.Full Text: R\Rus J App Che75, 71.pdfAbstract: The kinetics and thermodynamics of Cr(VI) sorption under the static and dynamic conditions on the fibrous sorbent SMA-1 prepared by chemical modification of polyacrylonitrile were studied.Blokhin, A.A., Maiorov, D.Yu., Kopyrin, A.A. and Taushkanov, V.P. (2002), Purification of ammonium molybdate and tungstate aqueous solutions to remove phosphate, arsenate, and silicate anions with a composite sorbent based on KU-23 and KM-2p cation exchangers. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 75 (12), 1945-1950.Full Text: 2002\Rus J App Che75, 1945.pdfAbstract: Selectivity sorption of phosphate, arsenate, and silicate anionic impurities from concentrated aqueous solutions of ammonium molybdate and tungstate by a composite sorbent consisting of macroporous KU-23 (or KM-2p) cation exchanger and hydrated zirconium oxide was studied.Druzhinina, T.V., Smolenskaya, L.M. and Struganova, M.A. (2003), Sorption of heavy metals from model solutions with amine-containing chemisorption polyamide fiber. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 76 (12), 1925-1929.Full Text: R\Rus J App Che76, 1925.pdfAbstract: Sorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cr(VI) ions with POLAN-OG sorbent was studied. The capacity and kinetic characteristics of the sorbent in hydrochloric acid and chloride solutions were determined.Shunkevich, A.A., Martsinkevich, R.V., Medyak, G.V., Sokol, V.P., Filanchuk, L.P. and Soldatov, V.S. (2004), Comparison of fibrous carboxylic ion exchangers in water treatment to remove heavy metal ions. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 77 (2), 249-253.Full Text: R\Rus J App Che77, 249.pdfAbstract: Treatment of drinking water to remove heavy metal ions Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ with commercial fibrous carboxylic ion exchangers FIBAN Kh-1, K-3, K-4, and K-5 was studied. Features of metal ion sorption from two-component solutions were determined. A comparative evaluation of the sorption selectivity of FIBAN fibrous ion exchangers with respect to heavy metal ions was made.Chirkst, D.E., Litvinova, T.E., Cheremisina, O.V. and Ivanov, M.V. (2004), Exchange isotherm of strontium(II) and iron(III) ions on clay. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 77 (4), 576-5783.Full Text: R\Rus J App Che77, 576.pdfAbstract: Joint sorption of Sr2+ and Fe3+ ions on blue Cambrian clay was studied. A relationship between the isotherm of ideal ion exchange and the Langmuir sorption isotherm was revealed. The apparent constant and Gibbs energy of exchange of Sr2+ and Fe3+, ions on blue Cambrian clay were calculated.? Goshu, I.V., Tsarev, Y.V. and Kostrov, V.V. (2009), Kinetics of chromium(VI) adsorption from model solutions on iron oxide. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 82 (5), 801-804.Full Text: 2009\Rus J App Che82, 801.pdfAbstract: Adsorption of Cr(VI) on Fe2O3 from model solutions with various Cr(VI) concentrations was studied. The adsorption capacity was determined, the constants of chromium(VI) adsorption on iron(III) oxide for the pseudo-second-order model were calculated, and the diffusion coefficients for the process were evaluated.Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Capacity, Chromium(VI), Cr(VI), Diffusion, Diffusion Coefficients, Iron, Iron Oxide, Iron-Oxide, Kinetics, Metal-Ions, Model, Oxide, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Solutions, WaterTitle: Russian Journal of Coordination ChemistryFull Journal Title: Russian Journal of Coordination ChemistryISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Zalevskaya, G.L., Radion, E.V. and Baev, A.K. (1998), Sorption of lead(II), mercury(II), and copper(II) ions by the biomass of oyster mushroom from the solutions of binary systems. Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 24 (8), 550-553.Full Text: 1998\Rus J Coo Che24, 550.pdfAbstract: The sorption of the Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+ ions by a biomass of the oyster mushroom from aqueous solutions of binary systems is investigated. It was established that the presence of Cu2+ does not influence the sorption of Pb2+ and Hg2+, whereas the Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions mutually influence their sorption by the biomass. The results are discussed in the context of the hydrolytic properties of the metal ions.Title: Russian Journal of ElectrochemistryFull Journal Title: Russian Journal of ElectrochemistryISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact FactorElkin, V.V., Mishuk, V.Ya., Alekseev, N.N. and Grafov, B.M. (2001), Polarization diagram of the electrochemical impedance of second order: A theory that accounts for the diffusion of reactants. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 37 (4), 399-408.Full Text: R\Rus J Ele37, 399.pdfAbstract: With the aim of improving diagnostic possibilities of second-order impedance spectroscopy, a theory is put forward for a polarization diagram of a second-order impedance for reactions with charge transfer. The theory takes into account the diffusion of discharging particles in the absence of their specific adsorption.Title: Russian Journal of Physical ChemistryFull Journal Title: Russian Journal of Physical ChemistryISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0036-0244Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Shkilev, V.P. (2001), Modified equation of multilayer adsorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 75 (8), 1346-1350.Abstract: A multilayer adsorption isotherm equation for uniform surfaces was derived. The equation is based on the assumptions that (1) the heat of adsorption for the first adsorption layer is temperature-independent and (2) that the heat of adsorption for higher layers is equal to the heat of condensation of the adsorbate. If the lateral interaction between the molecules in the first adsorption layer obey the molecular field approximation, the parameters of the equation based on assumptions (1) and (2) can be determined from the experimental adsorption isotherm and the experimental dependence of the differential heat of adsorption on the coverage at a given temperature. The equation obtained can be used to calculate the thermodynamic characteristics of the multilayer adsorption space at different temperatures and pressures over a wide range of surface coverages.? Shkilev, V.P. (2002), A modification of the Aranovich isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, 76 (2), 263-267.Abstract: A modified Aranovich equation of multilayer adsorption isotherm was derived. As the relative pressure tends to unity, the modified equation has the same order of divergence as the original Aranovich equation does, but, in contrast to the latter, it takes into account the effect of the higher adsorption layers on the first monolayer. The modified equation can be used as the kernel of the integral equation in the inverse problem of adsorption. A new method for transforming monolayer adsorption isotherms into multilayer adsorption isotherms with the same order of divergence as that of the Aranovich equation was proposed. Expressions for the differential and integral heats of adsorption were derived from the modified equation, which take into account the lateral interaction between the molecules in the first monolayer and the nonuniformity of the surface.Keywords: Approximation Isotherms, Polylayered AdsorptionTitle: Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry AFull Journal Title: Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry AISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0036-0244Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Kriaa, A., Hamdi, N. and Srasra, E. (2011), Adsorption studies of Methylene blue dye on tunisian activated lignin. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 82 (2), 279-287.Full Text: 2011\Rus J Phy Che A82, 279.pdfAbstract: Activated carbon prepared from natural lignin, providing from a geological deposit, was used as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to evaluate various experimental parameters like pH and contact time for the removal of this dye. Effective pH for MB removal was 11. Kinetic study showed that the adsorption of dye was gradual process. Quasi equilibrium reached in 4 h. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order were used to fit the experimental data. Pseudo-second-order rate equation was able to provide realistic description of adsorption kinetics. The experimental isotherms data were also modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich equation of adsorption. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 147 mg/g. Activated lignin was shown to be a promising material for adsorption of MB from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic Dye, Carbon, Cellulose, Constants, Dye, Equilibrium, Freundlich, H3PO4 Activation, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics, Langmuir, Methylene Blue, pH, Removal, Water? Kriaa, A., Hamdi, N. and Srasra, E. (2011), Adsorption studies of methylene blue dye on tunisian activated lignin. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 85 (2), 279-287.Full Text: 2011\Rus J Phy Che A85, 279.pdfAbstract: Activated carbon prepared from natural lignin, providing from a geological deposit, was used as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to evaluate various experimental parameters like pH and contact time for the removal of this dye. Effective pH for MB removal was 11. Kinetic study showed that the adsorption of dye was gradual process. Quasi equilibrium reached in 4 h. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order were used to fit the experimental data. Pseudo-second-order rate equation was able to provide realistic description of adsorption kinetics. The experimental isotherms data were also modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich equation of adsorption. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 147 mg/g. Activated lignin was shown to be a promising material for adsorption of MB from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic Dye, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Carbon, Cellulose, Constants, Dye, Equilibrium, Freundlich, H3po4 Activation, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics, Langmuir, Methylene Blue, pH, Removal, Water? Rajabi, M., Roochi, M.B. and Asghari, A. (2011), Effect of electrolyte nature on kinetics of remazol yellow G removal by electrocoagulation. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 85 (10), 1820-1824.Full Text: 2011\Rus J Phy Che A85, 1820.pdfAbstract: The present study describes an electrocoagulation process for the removal of remazol yellow G from dye solutions using Iron as the anode and Steel as the cathode. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyze the kinetic data obtained at different concentrations in different conditions. The adsorption kinetics was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Basic Dye, Color, Decolorization, Diffusion, Dye, Electrocoagulation, Hydrogen-Peroxide, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Kinetics Study, Peat, Red, Remazol Yellow G, Removal, Sorption, Waste-WaterTitle: Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR(RUSS. J. Phys. Chem.) (Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii)Full Journal Title: Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSRISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: Russian J Phys ChemISSN: 0036-0244Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Interperiodica, BirminghamPublisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor? Kaganer, M.G. (1959), ??. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 33, 352-??.? Alekseev, N.I., Timofeev, D.P. and Sharifov, E.M. (1966), Kinetics of adsorption of benzene and n-hexane vapour on moulded nax zeolite. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 40 (1), 126-??.? Matorina, N.N., Safonova, N.D. and Chmutov, K.V. (1966), Influence of kinetic factors on blurring of chromatographic zones with a convex sorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 40 (3), 337-??.? Mikhalik, E. (1966), Kinetic and adsorption mechanism in a heterogeneous chemical process. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 40 (3), 389-??.? Kurlyand, I.I. and Martynov, Y.M. (1966), Dynamic adsorption from solutions in region of linear isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 40 (6), 727-??.? Petryano, I.V., Dubinin, M.M., Kogan, Y.I., Radushke, L.V. and Chmutov, K.V. (1966), Fuks, NA (70th birthday). Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 40 (6), 7727-??.? Matorina, N.N., Safonova, N.D. and Chmutov, K.V. (1966), Role of internal and external diffusion in spreading of front at various flow rates in case of a convex sorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 40 (7), 825-??.Keywords: Diffusion, Isotherm, Sorption? Larionov, O.G. (1966), Adsorption from solutions. 2. Application of lattice model of polymer solution to analysis of adsorption isotherm equation. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 40 (8), 968-??.? Timofeev, D.P. and Tverdokh, N.A. (1966), Kinetics of adsorption of n-hexane vapour on a moulded CaA zeolite. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 40 (9), 1267-??.? Matorina, N.N., Shepetyu, L.V. and Chmutov, K.V. (1967), Sorption of diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic and ethylene-diaminetetra-acetic acids by Ku-2 cation-exchange resin. I. Sorption isotherm on cation-exchanger in H-form. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 41 (1), 57-??.? Matorina, N.N., Shepetyu, L.V. and Chmutov, K.V. (1967), Sorption of diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acids by Ku-2 cation-exchange resin. 3. Sorption isotherm of diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid by cation exchanger in Na,H-form. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 41 (2), 186-??.? Borodenk, V.I. and Gugel, B.M. (1967), Kinetics of adsorption of caesium vapour on zinc sulphide. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 41 (3), 274-??.? Krishtal, L.I. (1968), Kinetics of a surface reaction with a logarithmic adsorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 42 (4), 487-??.? Kaganer, M.G. (1968), Dependence of adsorption of nitrogen on pore diameter of adsorbents. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 42 (5), 640-??.? Panchenk, G.M., Rozen, I.V., Skoblo, V.A. and Tsabek, L.K. (1968), Kinetic ranges of adsorption of benzene vapour industrial silica gels. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 42 (8), 1118-??.? Sazonov, M.L., Arenkova, G.G., Selenkin, M.S. and Shlyakho, A.F. (1968), Application of chromatography without carrier gas in determination of sorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 42 (11), 1543-??.? Kirovska, I.A. and Maidanov, L.G. (1968), Kinetics of adsorption of gases on semiconductors of zinc blende type. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 42 (11), 1546-??.? Panchenk, G.M., Tsabek, L.K. and Rozen, I.V. (1969), Dynamics of sorption characterised by a linear isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 43 (2), 293-??.? Zolotare, P.P. and Radushke, L.V. (1969), Exact and approximate kinetic adsorption equations for linear and non-linear isotherms. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 43 (3), 416-??.Keywords: Adsorption, Isotherms, Kinetic? Kisarov, V.M. (1969), A new equation for the adsorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 43 (3), 580-581.? Kisarov, V.M. (1969), A new equation for adsorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 43 (4), 580-??.? Kiselev, A.V., Lopatkin, A.A., Lourie, B.I. and Shpigel, S. (1969), Effect of growth steps on surface of crystals on adsorption isotherm of argon on sodium chloride. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 43 (10), 1498-??.? Panchenk, G.M., Tsabek, L.K. and Rozen, I.V. (1969), Diffusion kinetics of sorption in equilibrium region with a linear isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 43 (11), 1673-??.? Panchenk, G.M., Tsabek, L.K. and Rozen, I.V. (1970), Sorption dynamics with diffusion sorption kinetics and equilibrium at interface characterised by a linear isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 44 (1), 127-??.? Veselov, V.V. (1970), Kinetic equation for adsorption of liquid mixtures. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 44 (1), 135-??.? Zolotare, P.P. and Radushke, L.V. (1970), Dynamics and kinetics of non-isothermal adsorption. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 44 (4), 494-??.? Zolotare, P.P. and Kalinich, A.I. (1970), Theory of non-equilibrium Elutive adsorption dynamics of a single substance in case of a linear isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 44 (6), 903-??.? Tsabek, L.K. (1970), Equilibrium sorption dynamics for a linear isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 44 (9), 1378-??.? Timofeev, D.P. and Alekseev, N.I. (1970), Kinetics of adsorption with increasing gas-flow temperatures. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 44 (10), 1475-??.? Timofeev, D.P. and Erashko, I.T. (1971), Kinetics of adsorption of pentane by silica gel with different porous structures. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 45 (3), 353-??.? Timofeev, D.P. and Erashko, I.T. (1971), Role of thermal effects in adsorption kinetics. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 45 (3), 359-??.? Panchenk, G.M., Tsabek, L.K. and Rozen, I.V. (1971), Steady-state dynamic sorption front for a non-linear isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 45 (3), 364-??.? Zhelezny, B.V. (1971), Capillary method for determination of isotherm for adsorption of vapour on a solid surface near saturation pressure. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 45 (5), 711-??.? Matorina, N.N., Safonova, N.D., Shepetyu, L.V., Chmutov, K.V. and Goryache, N.A. (1971), Effect of type sorption isotherm on spreading of chromatographic front in presence of complex-forming agents. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 45 (7), 992-??.? Tkachenk, P.T., Shiryaev, V.K., Bessonov, V.A. and Kasperov, A.I. (1972), External diffusion kinetics of ion-exchange sorption in non-aqueous solutions. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (1), 47-??.Keywords: Diffusion, Kinetics, Sorption? Nassonov, P.M. (1972), Relation between equation of state and adsorption isotherm of components on interface of a 2-phase system. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (3), 387-??.? Volkov, B.I., Senyavin, M.M., Rubinsht, R.N. and Nikashin, V.A. (1972), Calculations on ion exchange columns. 2. Dynamics of sorption of a mixture of ions with an external diffusion mechanism. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (3), 391-??.Keywords: Mechanism, Sorption? Lyubitov, Y.N. (1972), Probability approach to kinetics of adsorption. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (4), 548-550.? Kaganer, M.G. and Yurchik, L.M. (1972), Absorption of hydrogen by chemical absorbents under vacuum conditions. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (4), 550-552.? Timofeev, D.P. (1972), Approximate kinetic-equation for desorption of substances having a sharply convex adsorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (5), 631-??.? Maslovsk, R.S., Zubov, P.I., Mikhailo, Y.N. and Pavlinov, T.N. (1972), Kinetics of adsorption of monomeric molecules on aluminum and properties of resulting chemisorbed layers. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (5), 657-??.? Matorina, N.N., Chmutov, K.V. and Buchatsk, P.M. (1972), Dynamics of ion-exchange sorption in presence of complex-forming agents. 1. Selective elution of macrocomponent for a convex sorption isotherm. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (5), 668-??.? Akhrimen, V.E., Ampilogo, I.E. and Poteryae, A.V. (1972), Kinetics of adsorption of iodine from aqueous-solutions on individual carbon grains. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (5), 726-??.? Novikov, V.S. (1972), Adsorption isotherm on a rough surface. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, USSR, 46 (6), 912-??. ................
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