Data Retrieval Chart



Data Retrieval Chart Your Name: Ashley Winters

Use Best Book of Pirates and other resources, including the Web sites listed on the chart.

List fascinating facts for each category of information. If you can’t find a fact for a category, make up a question. Be sure to research the author(s) of each Web site and put that information under the link to the Web site.

|Internet Site/ |History of |Sailors |Buccaneers |Privateers |

|Information about the Author |Pirates |and Piracy | | |

| |By definition, a pirate is any person|A pirate was a sea robber that |Buccaneers were French settlers in|A privateer was an armed ship sent|

| a criminal acts against |for one reason or another |the Caribbean who used to barbeque|by the government to perform |

|f.html |public authority, on the high seas |looted under no jack (flag) |or smoke wild boar and oxen. They |specific tasks. The men who sailed|

| |outside the normal jurisdiction and |other than Captain Death (the |were known as the “Brothers of the|on these boats were also known as |

| |laws of any state (country). By law, |Jolly Roger). Many pirates, |Coast.” Many were French sailors |privateers. The government did not|

| |they can be arrested, prosecuted, and|particularly English pirates |who had jumped ship to avoid the |pay them but they earned their |

| |sentenced by any state that captures |would not attack ship belonging|harsh life at sea. They then |payment rather by the goods they |

| |them. There are numerous terms used |to England. Their stated |settled in the Caribbean. |took from the ships. They were |

| |to describe the life of piracy. some |reasons were that they would | |often simple merchant marines |

| |of the more common are Brethren of |never attack a British ship out| |engaged in acts of war for profit.|

| |the Coast or Brotherhood of the |of respect for the King or | |Privateering was abolished by most|

| |Coast, On the Account, Gentleman of |Queen or because they were not | |European nations in the 1856 |

| |Fortune, Sea Dog, Sailing with the |at war with England,or they | |Declaration of Paris. |

| |Devil, Sailing Under Articles. Often |were pirates but not traitors. | | |

| |Pirates would claim they sailed under|Their main reason, of course, | | |

| |no flag, meaning they belonged to no |was that they hoped that by not| | |

| |nation. |attack British ships they would| | |

| | |be given safe harbor or passage| | |

| | |from the British. Sometimes it | | |

| | |worked and sometimes it didn't.| | |

|"Piracy", in international law, is |Pirates are regarded as common |"Buccaneer" was a title applied to|"Privateer", in international law,|

|irate1.htm |the crime of robbery, or other act of|enemies of all people. In that |English, Dutch, and French |is the term applied to a privately|

| |violence for private ends, on the |nations have an equal interest |seafaring adventurers of the 17th |owned armed vessel whose owners |

| |high seas or in the air above the |in their apprehension and |century. The most famous |are commissioned by a hostile |

| |seas, committed by the captain or |punishment, pirates may be |buccaneer, Sir Henry Morgan, was |nation to carry on naval warfare. |

| |crew of a ship or aircraft outside |lawfully captured on the high |from England. Buccaneers are |The practice of privateering |

| |the normal jurisdiction of any |seas by the armed vessels of |usually distinguished from |preceded the creation of national |

| |nation, and without authority from |any state and brought within |privateers, who had official |navies. During the Middle Ages, |

| |any government. Piracy isn’t a crime |its territorial jurisdiction |government commissions; buccaneers|European states having few or no |

| |against a particular state but |for trial in its tribunals. |rarely had valid commissions. They|warships hired merchant vessels |

| |against all humanity. | |are also distinguished from the |for hostile purposes. Privateering|

| | | |pirates who attacked ships of all |was carried on during the American|

| | | |nations and were outlawed in the |Revolution and the War of 1812. |

| | | |18th century. | |

| |Sir Henry Morgan was considered|a buccaneer was initially someone |Privateers are armed merchant |

|tofm.htm |A pirate was someone who performed |a pirate to the Spanish, but |who fought particularly the |ships commissioned by the national|

| |any unauthorized act of robbery on |since he was legally authorized|Spanish in the South |government of a belligerent |

| |the high seas |to attack them by order of |America/Caribbean area (the |country to interdict and capture |

| | |England, he was considered a |Spanish Main). The term buccaneer |enemy merchant vessels on the high|

| | |respected privateer to the |later was used to describe both |seas. The legal course normally |

| | |English |pirates and privateers. This |followed by a national government |

| | | |collection of pirates and |is to issue a "letter of marque or|

| | | |privateers known collectively as |reprisal" to the would-be |

| | | |buccaneers formed somewhat of a |privateer legitimizing what would |

| | | |fraternity called the Brethren of |normally be considered piracy. |

| | | |the Coast. |Privateers struck at a romantic |

| | | | |cord in Americans. When they spoke|

| | | | |of privateers they spoke of the |

| | | | |Revolution and the War of 1812 and|

| | | | |weak sea forces verses mighty |

| | | | |powers; they spoke David vs |

| | | | |Goliath. They were a symbol of the|

| | | | |little power striking out and |

| | | | |triumphing over superior |

| | | | |overwhelming might. |

|Books and Other Resources |The history of piracy dates back more|t is probably an obvious |The early “boucanniers” came from |Privateering in American waters |

| |than 3000 years. In English, the word|statement to say that the main |Hispaniola and other Caribbean |became established with the War of|

| |piracy has many different meanings |force behind piracy, has always|islands. The English buccaneers |Jenkins’ Ear in 1739. The heyday |

| |and its usage is still relatively |been the search for wealth. |used the islands of Barbados and |of privateering in the Americas |

| |new. Sometimes governments gave |Pirates were able to acquire |Jamaica. The French buccaneers |followed the revolt of Britain’s |

| |rights to the pirates to represent |amazing riches, and goods, |established their base off the |American colonies and lasted |

| |them in their wars. The most popular |through their campaigns. The |offshore island of Tortuga. |intermittently until 1814. |

| |form was to give a license to a |assets, of which the most |Islanders soon began to use the |Strictly, a privateer was only |

| |private sailor to attack enemy |noted, and often most prized |term buccaneer as a way to |entitled to attack enemy vessels |

| |shipping on behalf of a specific king|were; gold and silver pieces, |describe pirates in the Caribbean |during wartime. However, states |

| |– Privateer. Very often a privateer |currency, jewelry, and precious|during the 1660s. English settlers|often encouraged attacks on |

| |when caught by the enemy was tried as|stones. But the actual pirate |occupying Jamaica began to spread |opposing powers while at peace, or|

| |an outlaw notwithstanding the |booty, was acquired from looted|the name with the meaning of rebel|on neutral vessels during time of |

| |license. |merchant ships which usually |pirates sailing in the Caribbean |war, blurring the line between |

| | |included items such as linens, |ports and seas. The buccaneers |privateering and piracy. Being |

| | |cloths, food, anchors, rope, |first affected Port Royal, Isla |privately owned and run, |

| | |and sometimes medical supplies.|Tortuga and Hispaniola. The name |privateers did not take orders |

| | |The cargo even included rare |became universally adopted in 1684|from the naval command. Often |

| | |articles such as spices, sugar,|when a book: “The Buccaneers of |privateers were required to limit |

| | |indigo, and quinine. |America” was written by Alexander |their activity to an agreed area |

| | | |Exquemelin. After this book, |or the ships of an agreed nation |

| | | |people all over knew what it meant|by their letter of marque. Famous|

| | | |when someone used the term |privateers included: William |

| | | |buccaneer. |Dampier, Edward Teach, and William|

| | | | |Kidd. |

List Reference for Other Resources:

Wilkipedia Online Reference: “privateers” found at

Wilkipedia Online Reference: “buccaneers” found at

“Pirates: fact and legend” found at

Pirates, Ships & Sailors by Katryn and Byron Jackson

Pirate Girl by Cornelia Funke

Pirate School by Cathy East Dubowski and Mar Mubowski

Buccaneers 1620-1700 by Angus Konstam

Privateers and Pirates 1730-1830 by Angus Konstam

A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates by “Captain” Charles Johnson

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