The Hebrews and Judaism
|9/11/14 |Chapter 2 Section 3 Name: |
| |The Hebrews and Judaism Teacher Name (PD) |
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|Main Idea |The ancient Hebrews and their religion, Judaism, have been a major influence on Western |
| |civilization. |
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| |God spoke to Abram and then led Abram to a land called Canaan. He became Abraham and his|
|The Inside Story |descendants=Hebrews |
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| |Hebrews= ancestors to Jews |
| |Move to Fertile Crescent 2000-1500 B.C |
|The Early Hebrews |Most of what we know comes from their writings which are foundation of Hebrew and |
| |Christian Bibles |
| |Religion =Judaism |
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| |Early Hebrew history in 5 books known as Torah |
| |Very sacred text….make up Hebrew bible which is Christian Old Testament |
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|The Hebrew Fathers |Torah traces Jewish descent back to Abraham |
| |Lived in Mesopotamia…God tells him to leave Mes. And abandon polytheism |
| |Covenant formed where God promises to give Abraham and descendents promised land |
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|Abraham |Promised land is known as Canaan along Med. Sea |
| |Abraham lives there for many yrs |
| |Has a grandson Jacob (known as Israel) who has 12 sons who become ancestors of 12 tribes.|
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| |Abraham, Isaac 9son) and Jacob become known as Patriarchs… |
| |Therefore followers become known as Israelites |
|Promised Land |Over time many driven to Egypt due to famine |
| |Pharaoh begins to fear them, makes them slaves |
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| |Leader named Moses, raised in Pharaohs court, demands Israel’s freedom |
| |Pharaoh says no so God punishes with plagues… |
| |In the Exodus, Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt |
| |Exodus= major event in Jewish history |
| |Today, Jews remember event by celebrating Passover |
| |Seder= special meal symbolizing event |
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|Moses and the Exodus |Israelites wander for 40 yrs in desert |
| |God gives Moses 10 laws called commandments during this time |
| |New covenant made about following commandments |
| |Commandments major influence on western culture |
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| |Israelites wander for 40 yrs, when get to Canaan ppl live there…. |
| |Israelites must battle to gain land |
| |When they win, they call land Israel |
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|The desert |New land (Canaan) has no central gov’t |
| |Each tribe/community choose judges to enforce laws |
| |Sometimes special ppl emerge to keep Israel focused on faith (Deborah) |
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| |Mid 1000’s Israel attacked by Philistines |
| |Led Israel to unite under 1 king |
| |Saul= 1st king great military leader…never wins full support |
|The Promised Land |David= second king well loved, strong leader…builds Jerusalem |
| |Solomon= David’s son Israel reaches great heights….very wise |
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| |After Solomon dies (931 BC), Israel divided over who will be next king |
| |10 northern tribes form kingdom called Israel |
|The Kingdom of Israel |2 southern tribes form kingdom of Judah (Where Jew comes from) |
| |2 kingdoms last couple centuries until conquered (By Assyrians and Chaldeans) |
| |Many Jews enslaved in Babylon (Babylonian captivity) |
| |Marks start of Diaspora- scattering of Jews |
| |Persia conquers area allows Jews to return to Jerusalem…some do…some do not |
|Saul, David and Solomon | |
| |In the exodus Moses led them out of Egypt and the 10 Commandments were issued at this |
| |time. |
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| |Religion= foundation of Jewish society |
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| |Most imp. Belief is that there is only 1 God (Monotheism)….very diff. from other cultures|
|Division and Conquest |at time |
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| |Core belief is in fairness and kindness |
| |Strong code of ethics/standard of behavior |
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| |Must follow 10 commandments |
| |Mosaic law governs every way of life (Kosher…) |
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| |Most sacred = Torah |
| |Prophets writings too |
| |Talmud= written later by scholars interpreting texts |
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|Summary: | |
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|The Teachings of Judaism | |
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|Belief in One God | |
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|Justice and | |
|Righteousness | |
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|Obedience to the Law | |
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|Jewish Sacred Texts | |
|Summary: |Religion is the foundation of Jewish society and Judaism contains four central beliefs |
| |mentioned in this section. |
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