Solid Waste Management and Recycling Technology of Japan
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CONTENTS
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Increased efficiency of wide-area collection and transport through transfer stations
The expansion of urban areas widens the garbage collection zone. It is possible to improve the efficiency of collection and transport operations in cities with widening collection zones by setting up waste transfer stations where wastes can be transferred from small- or medium-sized garbage trucks to larger trucks.
The cost of collecting and transporting garbage accounts for high percentage of waste disposal operations. Improving the efficiency of collection and transport leads to cost reduction while maintaining or improving services to residents.
Domestic Case
The transfer station method commonly adopted in Japan is the compactor container transfer station shown below.
Waste crane
Administration Building Weigh-in equipment
Combustible bulk waste
Crushing equipment
General waste
Dust collection and deodorizing equipment Input
Receiving hopper Waste feed equipment
Compactor
Container transfer equipment
Garbage collected by small garbage trucks is dropped in a hopper, compressed in containers and reloaded onto larger trucks. In this transfer station, garbage collected by three 2-ton trucks can be compressed in one container. The container is then transported to a disposal site or incineration plant on a large container truck.
Source:ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd.
Overseas Case
Some Japanese enterprises have established joint ventures in China with high achievements in the production and sale of transfer stations. Some also sell them to other Asian countries.
Transport Station (Xian, China)
Transport Station (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
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Garbage collection and transport cost (1000 yen/waste in ton per year) Cost
CO2 emissions (CO2 in ton/waste in ton per year)
Setting up transport station to streamline collection and transport operations
Transfer to larger trucks at transport stations improves transport efficiency and reduces fuel consumption by transport vehicles per garbage volume. This not only leads to cost reduction, but it also reduces CO2 emissions, contributing to the prevention of global warming.
Economic effect and CO2 emissions after introduction of transport station
Comparison of cost between direct transport and use of transfer station
Cost reduction through introduction of transfer station
Direct transport 50t Transfer station 50t Direct transport 300t Transfer station 300t
Distance (km)
Comparison of CO2 emissions between direct transport and use of transfer station
Reduction of CO2
emissions through
introduction of
transfer station
Conditions Collection area
500km2
Operating days
250days/year
Operating hours
5hr./day
CO2 emission factors for 0.002619tCO2/L
collection and transport vehicles
Collected volume
Collection vehicle
Transport vehicle
Direct transport 50t/day
Transfer station 300t/day
2t packer vehicle
Direct transport 50t Transfer station 50t Direct transport 300t Transfer station 300t
Distance (km)
Direct transport 50t/day 2t packer vehicle 10t arm roll vehicle
Transfer station 300t/day 1 Calculated for compactor-container type 2 CO2 calculation is emissions from collection and transport vehicles
Source:ShinMaywa Industries, Ltd.
Determination of whether or not to set up transport stations depends on its cost effectiveness. As shown in the figure below, it is advantageous to introduce a transport station when the total collection and transport fee with the transport station (TcB) is cheaper than the total collection and transport fee without the transport station (TcA) (TcA>TcB).
Generally speaking, when the transport distance exceeds 18km, a transport station should be considered.
Without Transfer Station (Direct Transport)
$ $
$ Disposal Facility
$
$ $
$ $
With Transfer Station
$ Transport Station
Disposal Facility
TcA=C1C2C3C4
TcB=C1C2C3C4RcC5
TcATotal cost for collection from collection zones 1~4 and direct transport to disposal facility
TcBTotal cost for collection from collection zones 1~4 and transport to disposal facility via transport station
C1,C2,C3,C4Cost for collection at each collection zone 1~4 and transport to disposal facility
C1,C2,C3,C4Cost for collection at each collection zone 1~4 and transport to transport station
RcCost involving operation at transport station (Construction cost, operation and maintenance management cost)
C5Cost to transport from transport station to disposal facility (Secondary transport)
Cost structure for with and without transfer station
Distance where direct transportation is advantageous Distance where using a transfer station is advantageous TcA
With transfer station
TcB
Without transfer station (Direct Transport)
C1C2C3C4C5 Collection and transport cost to transfer station + secondary transport cost to disposal facility
C1C2C3C4 Collection and transport cost to disposal facility
RcCost for construction and maintenance management of transfer station
Distance to disposal facility Source:"Waste Collection:Theory and Practice",P145,Maruzen(2011)
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