REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES
REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES
INSTALLATION MANUAL
MADDINGTON CONCRETE PRODUCTS Pty Ltd.
MADDINGTON CONCRETE PRODUCTS Pty Ltd.
1| REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES ? INSTALLATION MANUAL
AUGUST 2015
Contents
1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Products.................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Manufacturing Sizes ............................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Load Classes ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Durability ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2 Performance Testing..................................................................................................................................................... 4 3 Applications ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Culvert ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.2 Hydraulics ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Drainage ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Hydraulics ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
4 System Design.................................................................................................................................................................. 6 4.1 Loading & Clear-Coverage................................................................................................................................. 6 4.2 Multiple Pipes Conditions ................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Transportation ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 6 Ground Support............................................................................................................................................................... 8 7 Installation Procedure.................................................................................................................................................. 9
7.1 Trench Digging....................................................................................................................................................... 9 7.1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................................... 9 7.1.2 Preparation & Specifications.................................................................................................................. 9 7.1.3 Stability ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 7.1.4 Groundwater.............................................................................................................................................. 10
7.2 Pipe Support Material ...................................................................................................................................... 10 7.2.1 Overview...................................................................................................................................................... 10 7.2.2 Bed & Haunch Layer ............................................................................................................................... 10 7.2.3 Side Layer .................................................................................................................................................... 11 7.2.4 Overlay Layer............................................................................................................................................. 11 7.2.5 Backfill Layer ............................................................................................................................................. 11
7.3 Ground Compaction.......................................................................................................................................... 11 7.4 Pipe Laying ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
7.4.1 Pipe Placing ................................................................................................................................................ 12 7.4.2 Pipe Joining................................................................................................................................................. 12 8 Reference Material...................................................................................................................................................... 13 8.1 Conversion Table ............................................................................................................................................... 13 8.2 Nomographs ? Inlet Control .......................................................................................................................... 14 8.3 Nomographs ? Outlet Control....................................................................................................................... 15 8.4 Load Carrying Capacity Graphs ................................................................................................................... 16
2| REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES ? INSTALLATION MANUAL
1 Introduction
1.1 Products
Maddington Concrete Products (MCP) is a family-owned and operated Western Australian business which has been supplying high quality precast steel reinforced (SR) concrete pipes for industrial, commercial and domestic applications for more than 40 years. Built with the best dry-mix concrete techniques in the industry, MCP products have developed a reputation in the industry. Designed to specific users' requirements, they are now one of the best options in culvert and drainage applications.
This manual outlines the specifics of MCP manufactured pipes as well as a basic guideline to their installation in a range of conditions. Please refer to the general contents page for directions.
1.2 Manufacturing Sizes
MCP manufactures concrete pipes for a wide range of diameters. Table 1.1 outlines the range of diameters available. Refer to Figure 1.2 on the right hand side in order to better understand a concrete pipe's property variables.
Figure 1.1: The production facility's storage yard in Maddington, Western Australia
WALL THICKNESS
EFFECTIVE LENGTH
INTERNAL DIAMETER
OUTER DIAMETER
OVERALL LENGTH
SOCKET END JOINT
SPIGOT END JOINT
Figure 1.2: The variable properties of a concrete pipe
DIAMETER SIZE [mm] 300 375 450
600 750 900 1200
PRODUCT CODE
P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07
OVERALL LENGTH
[mm] 2440 2440 2440
2440 2440 2440 2440
EFFECTIVE LENGTH [mm] 2340 2340 2340
2340 2340 2340 2340
Table 1.1: Range of SR concrete pipes available in stock or to order
WALL THICKNESS
[mm] 45 45 48
55 68 85 100
WEIGHT [kg]
310 390 470 690 1130 1700 2600
3| REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES ? INSTALLATION MANUAL
1.3 Load Classes
The Australian Standard Code for precast concrete pipes (pressure and non-pressure), also referred to as AS/NZS-4058:2007, has classified SR concrete pipes in load classes ranging from 2 to 10, 10 being the products able to withstand the greatest applied loads.
MCP manufactures all of their concrete pipes for standard strength (Loading Class 4) according to AS/NZ-4058:2007 specifics.
It is important to remind the user that the test load to determine the loading class for a particular application should be determined in
accordance with the Australian Standard Code for design for installation of buried concrete pipes, also referred to as AS/NZS-3725:2007.
1.4 Durability
All SR concrete pipes manufactured at MCP are designed to comply with AS/NZ-4058:2007, and are therefore expected to have a service life of 100 years if installed following the proper procedure.
2 Performance Testing
In order to comply with the latest version of AS/NZ-4058:2007, routine performance tests are carried out on all diameter sizes produced at MCP. Pipes are tested, using appropriate testing equipment (see Figure 2.1), to withstand both proof loading (cracking) and ultimate loading.
Proof loading is the indicated load applied on a SR concrete pipe without the formation of cracks greater than the test cracks specified in accordance with AS/NZ-4058:2007. Ultimate loading is calculated as 1.5 the proof loading for standard strength classes, and 1.25 the proof loading for super strength classes. It represents the maximum designed load which the pipe can withstand before reaching structural failure.
Figure 2.1: The load testing facility in Maddington, Western Australia
The specifics for loading classes to which all pipes manufactured at MCP have to comply with can be found in Table 2.1.
DIAMETER SIZE [mm]
300 375 450 600 750 900 1200
STANDARD STRENGTH [kN/m]
CLASS 2
CLASS 4
PROOF ULT PROOF ULT
15
23
30
45
17
26
34
51
20
30
40
60
26
39
52
78
32
48
64
96
37
56
74
111
46
69
92
138
SUPER STRENGTH1 [kN/m]
CLASS 6
CLASS 8
PROOF ULT PROOF ULT
45
56
60
75
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Table 2.1: Test loads for various classes of SR concrete pipes according to AS/NZ-4058:2007
1 ? Upon request MCP can design and manufacture pipes to meet the super strength class
4| REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES ? INSTALLATION MANUAL
3 Applications
3.1 Culvert
3.1.1 Overview
Culverts are short conduits used to pass water under roadways. They are constructed in circular, rectangular, and oval shapes. Concrete pipes manufactured by MCP can be used in culvert applications. The hydraulic analysis of culverts is complicated because the flow regime is variable. Section 3.1.2 outlines the basics in culvert hydraulics.
3.1.2 Hydraulics
There are 2 types of flow control for culverts: inlet control and outlet control. Generally if the culvert is operating on a steep slope, inlet control conditions can be assumed (Figure 3.1); if it is operating on a mild slope, outlet control conditions can be assumed (Figure 3.2).
HEAD WATER
DIAMETER
ROAD SURFACE FLOW
Figure 3.1: A culvert with inlet control operating conditions
HEAD WATER
ROAD SURFACE
DIAMETER
FLOW
HEAD
TAIL WATER
The flow rate through a culvert (Q) can be determined by multiplying the intensity of a storm by the catchment area the tributary feeds off from multiplied again by the coefficient of runoff. By combining this information with other geometrical and hydraulic variables, headwater levels can be determined using appropriate nomographs. Each form of flow control requires different inputs in order to determine a solution. Using these tools, a water engineer will be able to correctly select the most suitable pipe size to fulfill all regulations regarding water discharge.
V12/2G H1
UPPER REFERENCE LINE ENERGY LINE
WATER SURFACE
FRICTION
FLOW
HF V22/2G H2
LOWER REFERENCE LINE
REFERENCE
REFERENCE
POINT 1 H1 + V12/2G = H2 + V22/2G + HF CONSERVATION PRINCIPLE POINT 2
Figure 3.3: The principle of conservation of energy as outlined by Bernoulli
Figure 3.2: A culvert with outlet control operating conditions
3.2 Drainage
3.2.1 Overview
SR concrete pipes manufactured by MCP can be employed in the channeling and discharge of stormwater. Concrete pipes manufactured by MCP can be used in culvert applications. Rubber ring joints (RRJ) are employed in the connection of various pipe segments. For more details on the design of pipe joints consult Section 4.1.
3.2.2 Hydraulics
Drainage application systems of pipes can be dealt with using the Bernoulli Principle. Figure 3.3 outlines how the principle of conservation of energy can be used to assign a numerical value to unknown parameters. Using this tool, a water engineer will be able to correctly select the most suitable pipe size to fulfill the drainage requirements.
5| REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES ? INSTALLATION MANUAL
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