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The Heart of the Matter

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Summary:

This lesson will inform students about the structure and function of the human heart. Students will become familiar with the flow of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits, as well as the path of electrical conduction through the heart. Heart conditions and diseases will also be introduced, along with ways to prevent heart disease.

Keywords: atria, ventricles, tricuspid valve, mitral valve, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, systole, diastole, myogenic control, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node

Subject TEKS:

• Science: 7.12 (B) Identify the main functions of the systems of the human organism, including the circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, digestive, excretory, reproductive, integumentary, nervous, and endocrine systems.

Grade Level: 8th, 9-12th

Learning Objectives:

The learner will:

• List the functions of the heart

• Draw and label the parts of the heart

• Trace the flow of blood through the pulmonary and systemic systems

• Identify the parts of the Electrical System and trace the flow of the electrical signal through the heart

• Name some cardiac diseases/conditions and ways to prevent heart disease

Time Required: 2 class periods (1 for Power point/quiz; 1 for activity)

Materials:

• White Butcher Paper

• Pencils

• Colored Pencils

• Markers

Reusable Activity Cost Per Group [in dollars]: $20 for markers and colored pencils

Expendable Activity Cost Per Group [in dollars]: $10 for butcher paper

Background and Concepts for Teachers:

• Knowledge of basic heart anatomy

• Knowledge of heart functions

• Understanding of mechanism of heart contraction and the flow of blood

• Understanding of electrical signal conduction pathway through the heart

• Familiarity with some cardiac conditions and diseases

Vocabulary / Definitions:

• Atria: the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body (right atrium) or the lungs (left atrium)

• Ventricles: the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart to the lungs (right ventricle) or the body (left ventricle)

• Tricuspid valve: Flaps between the right atrium and right ventricle which prevent backflow from ventricle to atrium

• Mitral valve: Flaps between the left atrium and left ventricle which prevent backflow from ventricle to atrium

• Aortic (Semilunar) valve: Flaps between the left ventricle and aorta which prevent backflow from aorta to ventricle

• Pulmonary (Semilunar) valve: Flaps between the pulmonary arteries and the right ventricle which prevent backflow from pulmonary arteries to ventricle

• Pulmonary artery: Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

• Pulmonary vein: Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

• Aorta: the largest artery of the body; carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

• Systole: Contraction

• Diastole: Relaxation

• Myogenic control: the signal for contraction originates from with the heart muscle itself

• Sinoatrial node: the heart’s natural pacemaker, which generates an electrical signal, causing the atria to contract

• Atrioventricular node: Receives the signal from the SA Node and releases it along the Bundle of His and on to Purkinje fibers

Lesson Introduction / Motivation:

Slide 2 of the Power point provides five interesting facts to get students excited and curious about the heart.

Presentation/Explanation:

The Heart of the Matter Power point presentation will aid in teaching students about the structure and function of the human heart. Encourage students to take notes, because there will be a quiz following the presentation.

Slide 3: Heart Function

Slide 4-7: Basic Anatomy

Slides 8-21: Flow of Blood

-Take time on Slide 14 to emphasize the idea of gas exchange (simultaneously ridding the body of carbon dioxide waste and picking up oxygen, which is needed for survival; from deoxygenated to oxygenated blood in the capillaries of the lungs)

-Slide 21 contains a minute long video that summarizes blood flow through the heart.

Slides 22-23: Types of Circulation

-Pause on Slide 23 to ask students why the left side of the heart is larger.

Slide 24: Systole and Diastole

Slide 25-29: Electrical System

-Pause on Slide 26 to ask students to answer the question about how the heart can beat outside the body.

-Slide 29 is a minute and a half long video that walks through the heart’s conduction system.

Slide 30-31: Heart Disease & Prevention

Activity/Application:

Students will work in groups to illustrate the parts and pathways of the heart. After tracing one person on a piece of butcher paper from the waist up, the group will draw and label the structures of the heart and trace the flow of blood with blue and red markers/colored pens to depict deoxygenated and oxygenated blood. More specific instructions are included in the Heart Activity document.

Lesson Closure:

Conclude with 3-2-1: Ask students before leaving to write the following on a piece of notebook or scratch paper; this will be their ticket out of class.

• 3 things they learned from this lesson

• 2 things they have questions about

• 1 thing they wish for you, their teacher, to know

Assessment/Evaluation:

The Heart Quiz will evaluate students’ knowledge of heart parts and function, as well as disease and prevention through multiple choice, matching, and short answer questions.

Lesson Extensions:

If more time is available, you can divide the class into pairs and have them complete a research assignment. Students will pick a heart disease or condition and research the causes, symptoms, and treatments of it. They can then present their findings to the class, using visual aids. This research activity would not only help students become more comfortable with research but also provide the class with a more comprehensive understanding of heart disease and its significance.

Resources:





References:







subjects/anatomy/heart/labelinterior/glossary.shtml



Authors:

Undergraduate Fellow: Alexandra McCallum

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