Lesson 2.3 Automated Systems - Weebly



Lesson 2.3 Automated Systems Understandings Automated systems require minimal human intervention.An open-loop system has no feedback path and requires human intervention, while a closed-loop system uses feedback.Troubleshooting is a problem-solving method used to identify the cause of a malfunction in a technological ments do not change the way a robot behaves, but they do allow the programmer to remember the function that the code performs.Invention is a process of turning ideas and imagination into devices and systems.Some technological problems are best solved through experimentation.Knowledge and SkillsIt is expected that students will: Know the seven technological resources and how they are integrated into an open and closed loop system. Describe the purpose of pseudocode and comments within a computer program. Know how to use ratio reasoning to solve mechanical advantage problems. Design, build, wire, and program both open and closed loop systems. Use motors and sensors appropriately to solve robotic problems. Troubleshoot a malfunctioning system using a methodical approach. Explain the roles and responsibilities of mechanical, electrical, and computer engineers who solve robotic problems.Essential QuestionsWhat is the difference between an open-loop and closed-loop system? List examples of each.What are the advantages and disadvantages of automation?How do you troubleshoot a malfunctioning system efficiently?What is the purpose of comments in a program?Why is good communication and teamwork important when solving technological problems?Key TermsAnalog SignalA signal having the characteristic of being continuous and changing smoothly over a given range, rather than switching suddenly between certain levels.AutomationA technique that is used to make a process automatic.BehaviorAnything your robot does; turning on a motor is a behavior, following a line is a behavior, navigating a maze is a mentsUsing descriptive text to explain portions of code. Comments do not change the way a robot behaves, but are important for the programmer to remember what the code puter Aided Manufacturing (CAM)Using computers to operate and control machines and processes to manufacture a puter-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)A company-wide management philosophy for planning, integration, and implementation of automation.Closed-Loop SystemA system that uses feedback from the output to control the input.Digital SignalA system of discrete states: high or low, on or off, 1 or 0.EfficiencyThe ability to bring a desired result with the least waste of time, energy, or material.ExperimentationTry out a new procedure, idea, or activity.FeedbackInformation about the output of a system that can be used to make adjustments.Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)The efficient production of small amounts of products.InnovationAn improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.InputInformation fed into a system.InventionA new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation.Limit SwitchA touch sensor used to limit the motion of a moving device. Limit switches may be used to provide a precise beginning and end point to mechanical motion.MalfunctionTo function imperfectly or badly.Open-Loop SystemA control system that has no means for comparing the output with input for control purposes. An open-loop system often requires human intervention.Output The information produced by a computer.Point TurnA turn where one wheel rotates forward and the other rotates backward, causing the robot to sit and spin in place.PotentiometerA sensor used to measure the angular position of the axle or shaft passing through its center.Program Set of instructions that control the operation of a computer. PseudocodeShorthand notation for programming which uses a combination of informal programming structures and verbal descriptions of code.SensorA device that detects some important physical quality or quantity about the surrounding environment, and conveys the information to the robot in electronic form.SoftwarePrograms and other operating information used by a computer.Swing TurnA turn where one wheel rotates and the other stays in place, causing the robot’s body to “swing” around the stationary wheel.SystemA group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements or parts that function together as a whole to accomplish a goal.ThresholdA level or point at which something would start or cease to happen or come into effect.Touch SensorA sensor that detects physical contact and reports back to the controller whether its contact area is being pushed in or not.TroubleshootLocating and finding the cause of problems related to technological products or systems.While LoopA control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly.Instructional ResourcesPresentationsTechnological Systems SketchingConnecting VEX to ROBOTCVEX Test Bed.pptIntroduction to ROBOTCWord DocumentsActivity 2.3.1 “Beef” Up Your Technological Resources UnderstandingActivity 2.3.2 Robot Behaviors and Writing PseudocodeActivity 2.3.3 Using ROBOTCTroubleshooting a VEX ModelProject 2.3.4 Automation through ProgrammingProject 2.3.4a Automation through Programming Summary SheetsProject 2.3.4b Automation through Programming Task Check-OffProject 2.3.5 Simulated Factory Assembly LineProject 2.3.5a Engineering Project NotebookLesson 2.3 Key Terms CrosswordRubricsGateway Notebook Grading RubricVEX Test Bed.pptReference SourcesAsk Oxford. (2008). . Retrieved December 11, 2008, from , S., Fales, J., & Kuetemeyer, V., (2007). Technology today and tomorrow (5th Ed.). New York, NY: Glencoe/McGraw Hill.Hacker, M. & Burghardt, D. (2004). Technology education learning by design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice HallHarms, H. & Swernofsky, N. (2007). Technology interactions. New York, NY: Glencoe/McGraw Hill.Herman, S.L. (2004). Delmar’s standard textbook of electricity (3rd ed.). United States: Thompson Delmar Learning.International Technology Education Association, (2000). Standards for technological literacy. Reston, VA: ITEA.McGraw-Hill dictionary of engineering. (2nd ed.). (2003). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Merriam Webster (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved December 11, 2008, from Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and International Reading Association (IRA) (1996). Standards for the English language arts. Newark, DE: IRA; Urbana, IL: NCTE.National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM.National Research Council (NRC). (1996). National science education standards. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.Parallax Inc. (2004). Robotics with the Boe-Bot. Retrieved June 24, 2008, from , F.D. (1998). Programmable logic controllers (2nd ed.). Blacklick, OH: Glencoe-McGraw Hill.Relay and Switch Industry Association (RSIA). (1996). Engineers’ relay handbook (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.Tokheim, R.L. (1999). Digital electronics: Principles and applications. (5th ed.). Columbus, OH: Glencoe McGraw-Hill.Webster, J.G. (1999). The measurement, instrumentation, and sensors handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ................
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