THE LIST… A GUIDE TO EVERYTHING THAT IS A



THE LIST… A GUIDE TO EVERYTHING THAT IS A.P. PSYCH

This list has been compiled by various teachers and students of A.P. psychology to contain as many terms and/or concepts that have appeared or may appear on the A.P. Exam. While this exhaustive list may appear daunting, use one of the following methods or perhaps one of your own to help you use it to prepare for the exam.

1) Write the word on a notecard, define describe and explain the topic or word, categorize it according to units (development, history/methods, etc...), and also list whether it is related to a specific psychological school of thought (biological, behavioral, psychoanalytic, etc…).

2) Go through the list and cross out the ones you already know well. This will reduce the list into manageable size. Now, go look up in your textbook, notes or even online the terms that you don’t know.

3) Study with a partner! Quiz each other over the terms.

4) Categorize the terms into psychological schools of thought or by chapter first and then study them. You may find that by doing this you will actually be learning the terms as you categorize them.

|Aaron Beck's view of depression |catharsis |

|absolute threshold |Cannon's critique of James-Lange theory |

|achievement vs. aptitude tests |Carl Rogers: person (client) centered therapy |

|action vs. resting potential |Carol Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg's theory |

|acuity-vision |chaining |

|Afferent Neurons vs. Efferent Neurons |character disorders : major ones |

|agonist vs. antagonist chemicals |chunking |

|Ainsworth Strange Situation (Paradigm) |classical conditioning ( & can you distinguish it from operant conditioning) |

|Albert Bandura: major view on learning and Bobo Doll experiment |Clever Hans experiment |

|Albert Ellis - Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) |cognitive dissonance |

|Alfred Adler - inferiority complex |color blindness: kinds |

|algorithm |complementary colors |

|all-or-nothing law (all-or-none) of neural firing |conflicts: four kinds |

|altruism |control group |

|American Psychological Association (APA) |Cooper's research on visual processing (using cats) |

|amnesia (anteriograde & retrograde) |correlation coefficients |

|androgyny |cortexes of the brain : major ones |

|apparent motion |cross cultural studies |

|arousal |cross sectional studies |

|Asch's conformity study (line segments) |crystallized intelligence: acquired and usually does not decline with age |

|attachment |CS-CR-UCS-UCR |

|attribution theory |Daniel Goleman's views on emotional intelligence |

|aversive conditioning (good or bad?) |David McClelland's achievement motivation studies |

|aversive conditions |defense mechanisms: major ones |

|Babinsky response |deindividuation |

|behavior as being adaptive |deinstitutionalization |

|bell curve (normal distribution) |dendrite (purpose of) |

|Benjamin Worf's theory of linguistic relativism (determinism) |depression: trycyclic antidepressants are most widely used to treat it |

|binocular disparity |descriptive vs. inferential statistics |

|blind spot |determinism |

|blood brain barrier |developmental psychology |

|brain: what part do we share with animals? How do we differ? |Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( purpose and limits) |

|brainstorming | |

|Broca's aphasia (expressive) located in left frontal lobe | |

|bystander intervention: factors that influence it | |

|difference threshold (jnd) |genotype & phenotype |

|discrimination (in learning theory and race relations) |Gestalt theory |

|displacement |glial cells |

|dissociative disorders |group therapy (advantages of ) |

|divergent vs. convergent thinking |groupthink |

|dominant responses (aided by social facilitation) |gustatory sense: detects only sweet, sour, salty, bitter |

|Down's syndrome |habituation |

|dream analysis |Hans Seyle's General Adaptation Response |

|drives |Haptic memory |

|Ebbinhaus' research on memory |Harry Harlow's research with surrogate mothers |

|echoic memory |Hawthorne Effect |

|effects of marijuana |heuristics: major types |

|eidetic memory |hierarchy of needs (Maslow) can you put them in order? |

|electroconvulsive shock therapy |high vs. low self-monitors |

|Elizabeth Loftus' research on eyewitness testimony |hindsight bias |

|endocrine organs and hormones secreted by them |histogram |

|endorphins |homeostasis |

|engram |Howard Gardner's view of multiple intelligence |

|episodic memory (a.k.a. flashbulb) |hue: (British term for color) |

|equity theory of relationships |hybrid |

|Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development |hypnosis: major theories of |

|ethics of testing |hypothalamus |

|Ethnocentrism |id, ego, superego |

|expectancy theory (aka mental set) |IDEAL (strategy for solving problems) |

|experiment: be able to design one |identical twin research |

|false consensus effect |identification vs. internalization (Freudian terms) |

|feature (signal) detector cells: Hubel & Wisel's research on visual |illusory correlation |

|processing |imaging techniques: PET, CAT, MRI, FMRI |

|feature analysis |imprinting |

|feral children |incentives |

|fetal alcohol syndrome: characteristics |independent/dependent variables |

|figure - ground - phenomenon |induced motion |

|Flynn effect |inductive vs. deductive reasoning |

|foot-in-the-door phenomenon |industrial (organizational) psychology |

|formal operations |ingroup and outgroup bias |

|fovea |inner ear - vestibular sense |

|Francis Galton's research |instinct |

|free association |instrumental - operant conditioning |

|frequency polygon |Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) |

|Freudian dream analysis: two levels of interpretation |intelligence tests (major kinds used) |

|Freud's stage of psychosexual development |interference (proactive vs. retroactive) |

|frustration-aggression hypothesis |internal consistency reliability |

|functional fixedness |internalization |

|fundamental attribution error |intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation |

|galvanic skin response (GRS) |James-Lange theory of emotions |

|ganglia |John Garcia's ideas on the limits of conditioning |

|Gansfeld Procedure |just-world phenomenon |

|Gate Control Theory of Pain |Karen Horney's views on development |

|generalizability of a study |kinesthetics |

|Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning |optic nerve |

|Kubler Ross' stages of dying |Optimistic Explanatory Style |

|L-dopa |pancreas |

|learning curve |panic attacks (& what's the best treatment?) |

|limbic system: structures and function |paradoxical sleep: why is REM called this? |

|linear perspective |paresis |

|linkage analysis |perceptual constancy (size,color,shape) |

|lithium (bi-polar disorders) |perceptual set |

|localization of sound (how is it done? Why are two ears needed?) |personal space |

|long term potentiation |perspectives in psychology (major ones) |

|longitudinal study |phenylketonuria (PKU) |

|loss of information from short term memory |phi phenomenon |

|major neurotransmitters |phonemes vs. morphemes |

|Martin Seligman's "learned helplessness" |photoreceptors |

|measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode |Piaget's stages of cognitive development |

|measures of variability: range and standard deviation |pineal gland (function and what makes it unique?) |

|memory: kinds ( sensory, short-term, long-term) |pitch |

|mental age |pituitary gland |

|mental set |plasticity |

|metacognition |positive and negative symptoms (in mental disorders) |

|method of loci |positive reinforcement |

|milieu therapy |post traumatic stress disorder |

|Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Test: use for what? |Premack principle |

|misinformation effect |primacy effect |

|modeling |primary vs. secondary reinforcers |

|monocular vs. binocular depth cues |projective tests: TAT & Rorschach |

|motion aftereffect |prosocial behavior: what is it and give an example |

|motion parallax |proximity (effects on relationships) |

|myelin sheath: where and purpose? |prototype |

|narcissism |punishment: why it may not be effective and might backfire |

|nature vs. nurture controversy |Rational Emotive Therapy |

|nervous system: major parts |reality principle (function of ego) |

|neuron: three basic parts |recessive vs. dominant genes |

|neurotransmitters: major kinds |reflex arc |

|newborn baby reflexes |reliability vs. validity in testing |

|next-in-line-effect |REM sleep |

|normative social influence |repression |

|norms |reticular formation: related to sleep, arousal, attention |

|novelty preference |retinal disparity (a.k.a. binocular disparity) |

|obesity (role of hypothalamus) |Robert Rescorla's findings on conditioning |

|Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD) |rods and cones (structures & differences) |

|occipital lobe |rooting reflex |

|Oedipal conflict |sample |

|one eye problem - what you couldn't do well if you had only one eye |scatterplot: most often used to plot correlations |

|operationalizing a definition |schedules of reinforcement (5 kinds - which are most effective?) |

|opponent-process theory of emotions |schema |

|opponent-process theory of visual processing (afterimages) |schizophrenia |

|optic disc |selective attention |

|self-efficacy |water balance (role of hypothalamus) |

|self-fulfilling prophecy |Weber's law |

|self-serving bias |Wernicke's aphasia (receptive) located in left temporal lobe |

|semantic memory |Wilder Penfield's research on the brain |

|serial position effect |Wilhelm Wundt (structualism) |

|set point |William James (functionalism) |

|sexual characteristics (primary vs. secondary) |Yerkes/Dodson Arousal Law |

|sexual identity vs. gender identity |Zajonc's "Mere Expose Effect" |

|shaping |Zimbardo's prison experiment |

|signal detection theory | |

|sleep disorders: major kinds | |

|sleeper effect | |

|social cognitive theory | |

|social exchange theory | |

|social facilitation | |

|social loafing | |

|social trap | |

|somatoform disorders: major kinds | |

|somatosensory cortex: location and used for what sense? | |

|stages of learning (acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, etc.) | |

|standard deviation | |

|Stanley Milgram's experiement with obedience | |

|Stanley Schachter's Two Factor Theory | |

|stereotype | |

|stimulus generalization | |

|stranger anxiety | |

|syllogism | |

|systematic desensitization: a.k.a. a kind of counterconditioning | |

|Tay-Sachs disease | |

|testable hypothesis | |

|thalamus (& what sense doesn't get routed through here?) | |

|Thorndike's Law of Effect | |

|thyroid gland | |

|tip-of-the-tongue effect | |

|token economy | |

|Tourette's syndrome | |

|tragedy of the commons | |

|transduction | |

|Turner's syndrome (X with missing chromosome) | |

|two kinds of deafness: Conductive and nerve | |

|validity: different kinds | |

|vestibular sense | |

|visual cliff | |

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