Africa, Part I - ToolboxPRO
Africa, Part I, II, & III
I. THE ANCIENT WORLD
A) Bantu Migrations and Demography
1) As population grew in ancient times, the search for new land to settle
caused migrations.
2) Bantu peoples (500 BC – 1500 AD)
a. Lived in West Africa, until the Sahara region began to dry out
b. Skilled farmers & herders migrated south and east to find fertile land
3) Movement spread knowledge of farming & ironworking, and language across
Africa
II. AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS DURING GLOBAL INTERACTIONS (1200-1650)
A) Varied Geography
1) One-fifth of land surface on Earth with varied climates & terrains
2) Mostly savanna (grassy plains), hot weather, occasional drought
a. Usually enough rain and good soil for farming ( most populated regions
3) Large parts of desert, or dry barren land
a. Sahara (North Africa) largest in the world; extremely hot days, little
vegetation
4) Small areas of rain forests along equator and Mediterranean climate (farm land) on
the North & South coasts
5) Few natural harbors, interior is high plateau = rivers with rapids, waterfalls (
difficult travel
6) Most Africans managed trade – gold, salt, iron, copper, minerals supplied trade
networks
B) Traditional Society & Culture
1) Shared power among the community; consensus for decision making
2) Family was the basic unit of society, but varied
a. Hunter, gathers lived in nuclear family that worked together
b. Others had several generations living together or near by
c. Clans were formed based on common ancestry ( community values
increased
3) Varied religious beliefs – forces of nature were divine spirits, polytheistic, presence
of Ancestors’ spirits
a. Some believed in a supreme being who created & ruled the universe
C) Rise & Fall of Kingdoms
1) Salt trade was vital, towns formed trade networks, rulers competed to control trade
( trading Kingdoms form
2) Ghana (800) – kingdom created by many farming villages
a. Gold trade income maintained a large army that controlled, expanded
kingdom
b. Muslims merchants settled & brought religion, ideas
c. Muslim officials in govt brought military tech & govt ideas, and culture
(writing, architecture)
d. Women had high status, active in economic life
3) Mali – Mansa Musa, the most powerful ruler
a. Extended Mali empire & dominated West Africa
b. Kept a large army that kept order & protected the empire; warriors were elite,
most were farmers
c. Efficient govt, had governors to run local areas
d. Converted to Islam, using the Quran as a system of justice
e. Made Timbuktu a center of Muslim learning
f. Empire decline in the 1400s after struggles for leadership
4) Songhai – depended on a strong army to control trade
a. Emperor Sonni Ali made it the largest state ever in West Africa, controlling
Timbuktu
b. Bureaucracy = efficient govt, expanded trade to Europe & Asia
c. Late 1500s broken by Northern invaders
5) Axum – kingdom in West Africa, grew by trade
a. Located on the Red Sea improved trade with India & the Mediterranean
b. Descendants from Arabian immigrants = merging cultures, Christian &
Jewish influences
c. Weakened by civil war and harbor restrictions
D) Africa’s Role in Global Trade – States in both the east & west
engaged in trade
1) Hausa, 1300s – built city-states in present-day Nigeria
a. Cotton weavers, leatherworkers used caravans to transport across the
Sahara
2) Benin -- rain forests on the Guinea coast; ivory, pepper, slaves traded with
Northern savanna & Portuguese
3) East African City-States – 600, Arab & Persian merchants est. trading cities
a. 1000, Mogadishu, Kilwa, Sofala had booming trade with India (included
slaves from the interior)
b. Trade = mixed cultures in East Africa; Swahili – blended language of
Arabic & Bantu words
E) Contributions
1) Arts: ivory, wood, bronze; closely tied with religion (statues, masks);
strengthened community (identity)
2) Literary Traditions: both oral & written; mostly Arabic writing, oral histories
3) Education: Elders taught boys & girls about community roles
a. Timbuktu and Mali were centers of learning, manuscripts were sold,
universities built
Commerce – est. trade routes, introduced crops, animals from other lands
III. THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE (1450-1770)
A) Explorations, Encounters, and Imperialism
1) 1415, Henry the Navigator (Portugal), explored West Africa
2) 1498, Vasco de Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and sailed across the
Indian Ocean to India
a. Returned with Asian spices, est. an all water trade route to the east
B) Imperialism In Africa – domination by one country of political/economic life of another
1) 1400s, Portuguese explore, build forts in East & West Africa; could not break into
the interior
2) mid-1600s, Dutch settled South Africa at Cape Town
a. acted as a service station for Dutch sailors
b. Dutch farmers were called Boers
C) Triangular Trade & Slavery (1500s)
1) most valuable African trade good, profitable
2) trade among continents formed a triangle
a. Middle Passage – trip from Africa to the Americas
3) effects: 11 million Africans shipped out; traditional political structure of Africa fell,
societies disappeared
Africa, Part I, II, & III
I. THE ANCIENT WORLD
A) Bantu Migrations and Demography
1) ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2) Bantu peoples (500 BC – 1500 AD)
a. Lived in West Africa, until the Sahara region began to dry out
b. Skilled farmers & herders migrated south and east to find fertile land
3) ____________________________________________________________________________________
II. AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS DURING GLOBAL INTERACTIONS (1200-1650)
A) Varied Geography
1) One-fifth of land surface on Earth with _____________________________________________________
2) Mostly savanna ______________________________________________________________________
a. Usually enough rain and good soil for farming ( ______________________________________
3) Large parts of desert, ____________________________
a. Sahara (North Africa) largest in the world; extremely hot days, little vegetation
4) Small areas of rain forests along equator and Mediterranean climate (farm land) on the North & South coasts
5) ______________________________________________ = rivers with rapids, waterfalls ( difficult travel
6) Most Africans managed trade – _____________________________________________________________
B) Traditional Society & Culture
1) Shared power among the community; consensus for decision making
2) Family was the basic unit of society, but varied
a. Hunter, gathers lived in nuclear family that worked together
b. Others had several generations living together or near by
c. Clans were formed based on common ancestry ( community values increased
3) Varied religious beliefs – forces of nature were divine spirits, polytheistic, presence of Ancestors’ spirits
a. Some believed in a supreme being who created & ruled the universe
C) Rise & Fall of Kingdoms
1) Salt trade was vital, towns formed trade networks, rulers competed to control trade ( trading Kingdoms form
2) Ghana (800) – __________________________________________________________________________
a. Gold trade income maintained a large army that controlled, expanded kingdom
b. Muslims merchants settled & brought religion, ideas
c. Muslim officials in govt brought military tech & govt ideas, and culture (writing, architecture)
d. Women had high status, active in economic life
3) Mali – _________________________________________________________________________________
a. ________________________________________________________________________________
b. Kept a large army that kept order & protected the empire; warriors were elite, most were farmers
c. Efficient govt, had governors to run local areas
d. _______________________________________________________________________________
e. Made Timbuktu a center of Muslim learning
f. Empire decline in the 1400s after struggles for leadership
4) Songhai – ____________________________________________________________________________
a. Emperor Sonni Ali made it the largest state ever in West Africa, controlling Timbuktu
b. Bureaucracy = efficient govt, expanded trade to Europe & Asia
c. Late 1500s broken by Northern invaders
5) Axum – _______________________________________________________________________________
a. Located on the Red Sea improved trade with India & the Mediterranean
b. Descendants from Arabian immigrants = merging cultures, Christian & Jewish influences
c. Weakened by civil war and harbor restrictions
D) Africa’s Role in Global Trade – ____________________________________________________________________
1) Hausa, 1300s – built city-states in present-day Nigeria
a. Cotton weavers, leatherworkers used caravans to transport across the Sahara
2) Benin -- rain forests on the Guinea coast; ivory, pepper, slaves traded with Northern savanna & Portuguese
3) East African City-States – 600, Arab & Persian merchants est. trading cities
a. 1000, Mogadishu, Kilwa, Sofala had booming trade with India (included slaves from the interior)
b. Trade = mixed cultures in East Africa; Swahili – _________________________________________
E) Contributions
1) Arts: ivory, wood, bronze; closely tied with
religion (statues, masks); strengthened
community (identity)
2) Literary Traditions: both oral & written; mostly
Arabic writing, oral histories
3) Education: Elders taught boys & girls about
community roles
a. Timbuktu and Mali:
____________________________________
____________________________________
4) Commerce – est. trade routes, introduced crops, animals from other lands
III. THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE (1450-1770)
A) Explorations, Encounters, and Imperialism
1) 1415, Henry the Navigator (Portugal), explored West Africa
2) 1498, Vasco de Gama ____________________________________________________________________
a. Returned with Asian spices, est. an all water trade route to the east
B) Imperialism In Africa – domination by one country of political/economic life of another
1) 1400s, Portuguese explore, build forts in East & West Africa; could not break into the interior
2) mid-1600s, Dutch settled South Africa at Cape Town
a. acted as a service station for Dutch sailors
b. ________________________________________________________________________________
C) Triangular Trade & Slavery (1500s)
1) most valuable African trade good, profitable
2) trade among continents formed a triangle
a. Middle Passage – _________________________________________________________________
3) effects: 11 million Africans shipped out; traditional political structure of Africa fell, societies disappeared
Name _________________________________ Global Lab
Date ____________ Africa, Part I – III Activity Sheet
Part I. Short Answer.
1. What influence did Islam have on the kingdoms of West Africa?
2. Describe one positive and one negative effect of global trade on Africa.
a) Positive:
b) Negative:
3. Who was Mansa Musa? (Describe WHY he was important.)
4. How was the first European contact established in Africa?
Part II. Multiple Choice.
_____ 5. African kingdoms such as Ghana, Songhai, and Axum flourished mainly because they
1) controlled important trade routes
2) developed self-sufficient economies
3) became religious centers considered sacred by Africans
4) received support from European colonial governments
_____ 6. Mansa Musa’s journey to Mecca in the 1300s is evidence that
1) the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa
2) most African leaders were educated in the Middle East
3) European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa
4) Islam had a major influence on the Mali empire
_____ 7. One major effect of the European slave trade on Africa was that the slave trade
1) strengthened the traditional African economic systems
2) led to a rapid decrease in tribal warfare
3) hastened the decline of African kingdoms
4) increased the number of trade routes across the Sahara
_____ 8. Which civilization best completes the heading of the partial outline below
(1) Benin (3) Mali
(2) Kush (4) Egyptian
_____ 9. Which description best characterizes the city of Timbuktu?
1) port on the water route to East Asia
2) major urban and industrial center on the Silk Road
3) commercial and cultural center of West Africa
4) inland city of the Hanseatic League
_____ 10. Based on the map, which conclusion can be best drawn about this region?
1) The Sahara Desert acted as a barrier to trade.
2) Rivers served as the primary trade routes for the entire region.
3) The economy of the region was influenced by extensive trade connections.
4) Goods from the Gulf of Guinea were exchanged directly with English cities.
Part III. Document Based Question.
DOCUMENT I
11. Does this document express a positive view of diversity? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
DOCUMENT 2
12. What negative effect did the Atlantic trade have on Africans? How did the Atlantic trade benefit Europeans?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
-----------------------
I. _______________________________
A. Spread of Islam
B. Gold & Salt Trade
C. Growth of Timbuktu
D. Pilgrimage of Mansa Musa
To make our dream of a united, democratic, non-racial, non-sexist South Africa real is an immense challenge. Yet we look forward to the future with confidence and hope because we know that the people of South Africa – every racial group, every faith, every ethnic and language community in our country – are possessed of many talents, skills, and an infinite resourcefulness.
-- Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, 1994
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- south africa ministry of education
- education in south africa today
- south africa department of education
- education in south africa pdf
- curriculum of south africa education
- gumtree south africa app
- gumtree south africa kzn
- south africa government jobs 2019
- education system in south africa today
- south africa education statistics
- gumtree south africa gauteng
- education in africa today