World History with Ms. Dalton



395097012065000Modern Independence Movements: Unit OutlineDirections: Read the textbook pages indicated within the outline below. Fill in the outline accordingly. This document will help you organize the major background information for this expansive unit.Asia Independence for the Indian Subcontinent (Pg. 675-676, 760-761, & 846-851)Which European nation colonized India?Look at the map on pg. 678. How do the borders of colonial India compare to those of modern-day India?Describe the structure and impact of European rule in India:Describe the social relationship (or lack thereof) between the Europeans in India and native Indians:How did the European education system impact India?Why did the Indian independence movement “gather strength very slowly”?Self-rule – Indian nationalist movement – Mohandas Gandhi – Passive resistance/civil disobedience (include examples in your explanation) –How did the world wars influence Indian society? Indian National Congress - Muslim League –“Quit India” Movement - Muhammad Ali Jinnah – What was the “partition of India”?Lord Louis Mountbatten - How did religion influence the partition of India and its aftermath?Look at the map on pg. 848. How does Pakistan in 1970 compare to modern day Pakistan?What three countries ultimately emerged from this partition?India as an independent nation!Jawaharlal Nehru –What issues did Nehru face as leader?Nonalignment - Indira Gandhi – What was the Indian economy like?What were India’s foreign relations like? (Make sure to comment on relations with the U.S. and Soviet Union!)What is the problem with Kashmir? (Include a map here to help you visualize its location)Why did Pakistan divide?What two countries emerged from the division?Benazir Bhutto – AfricaHow did imperialism and the world wars impact Africa? (Pg. 764 & 878)Independence for Kenya (Pg. 879-881)Where is Kenya? (Describe its geographic location)Which European nation colonized Kenya? How did white settlers effect the Kenyan independence movement? Why?Mau Mau guerrilla campaign – Jomo Kenyatta - Independence for South Africa (Pg. 671-673, 884-885)What two groups colonized South Africa?Who were the Boers? How did they influence South Africa?Afrikaans – Boer War - When did South Africa gain independence? How does this timing compare to other independence movements in Africa?Apartheid – How did race relations lead to apartheid?African National Congress (ANC) – Sharpeville – Nelson Mandela – Desmond Tutu – F. W. de Klerk – 1994 presidential election - Independence for West Africa (Pg. 670, 879 & 882)Describe “West Africa” geographically. (Hint: It is not the entire west coast! Google image “regions of Africa.” This will give you a better idea.)Look at the map on pg. 672. Which European nations colonized West Africa? (List them). Which one had the largest territory in West Africa?What was going on in Liberia during the age of imperialism?Describe the independence movement in Ghana:How did French colonies differ from British colonies in their push for independence? How did the new post-WWII French constitution impact the French colonies in Africa?How did the leaders of Senegal, the Ivory Coast, and Guinea impact the independence movements? How did Charles de Gaulle contribute to West African independence?Why did de Gaulle revise his offer in 1960?Pride in African culture and heritage (Pg. 890)How did the African independence movements inspire pride in African culture and heritage?List some specific examples of the “rebirth” of African culture: Music – Literature – Art - North Africa & the Middle EastCreation of Israel (Pg. 760 & 892-893, 898-900)What role did Britain play in each of the following nations during the world wars?Egypt – Iran – Syria – Iraq – Palestine – Zionism - Balfour Declaration – How did British action in Palestine contribute to the conflict between Jews and Arabs?What did Britain do with its Palestinian mandate in 1947?What did the UN decide to do with Palestine in 1947? (Esp. What did they want to do with Jerusalem?)How did each of the following groups react to the UN’s decision?Zionists:Arabs: What happened in May 1948?How did each of the following groups contribute to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the immediate aftermath of Israeli independence? (The 1948 War for Independence) Israel:Palestine:Britain:(Make an educated guess) Why do you think so many Jews immigrated to the newly created Israel between 1948 and 1960?Arab-Israeli Confrontation: The Six-Day War – List the countries Israel fought against: TerritoryWho controlled it before the war?Who controlled it after the war?Map of the TerritoryGolan HeightsSinai PeninsulaGaza StripWest BankEast Jerusalem Who won the war? How did this impact Arabs living in the region?Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) – Golda Meir – Arab-Israeli Confrontation: Yom Kippur War – U.S. president Jimmy Carter and the Camp David Accords – Intifada – Hamas - Egypt (Pg. 893 – 896, 899)Read pg. 758. Describe the transition of Egypt from British control to independent nation.Why were many Egyptian nationalists angered by Britain after WWII? (Two reasons) Gamal Abdel Nasser – The Suez Canal Crisis – What was the role of the Soviet Union in the crisis?Aswan High Dam – How did the U.S. and the west react to the Aswan High Dam?Which side did Nasser agree to? What did that side do in response?Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal. What does it mean to “nationalize” something?How did Arabs and anticolonial nationalists react to this decision?How did the west react to this decision? (Esp. What did Israel, Britain, and France plot?)How did the U.S. react to the fight? What did President Eisenhower do? Did it work?What was the role of the UN in ending the crisis?What is the significance of the Suez Canal Crisis in the context of world history?List several examples of Nasser’s influence on Egyptian society:What political ideology did Nasser support?Anwar Sadat - Independence for Algeria (Pg. 891-892)How did French control of Algeria differ from its other colonies? What population of Algeria was restricted by French control?Colons – Algerians were inspired by the nationalist movements in … Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) – Algerian War for Independence – How did the war in Algerian influence politics in France? (Hint: What happened in 1958?)How did de Gaulle’s leadership influence the state of Algeria?What two other North African French colonies became independent as a result?Independence for former mandates: Syria, Jordan, Lebanon (Pg. 891, 895)Refresh your memory (Pg. 723)What was the Mandate System? When was it established?How did it impact the Middle East?Under which country’s control did Syria and Lebanon lie?Under which country’s control did Jordan lie?When did Syria and Lebanon become fully independent republics?What type of government was established in Jordan? Which European nation helped establish this?Ba’athism – How did Ba’athism impact…Syria – Lebanon - Iraq & Iran (Pg. 763, 896-867, 903-904)IranThe Shah of Iran (Reza Pahlavi) – What was Iran called before he took power? Why did he change the name to Iran?Mohammad Mosaddeq - Why did the U.S. CIA engineer a coup to overthrow Mosaddeq?The Iranian Revolution – Ayatollah Khomeini – Iran Hostage Crisis - Iraq – Saddam Hussein – Operation Desert Shield (1990) – U.S. invasion of Iraq (2003) - ................
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