The Gilded Age (including Westward Expansion) 1877-1898
The Gilded Age
(including Westward Expansion)
1877-1898
The Transcontinental Railroad established a permanent link between the East and
West coasts. This created new markets for the goods being produced as a result of
industrialization. This led to the Gilded Age which gets it¡¯s name from the wealth
that is created during this time and the way of life this wealth supported. Although
not everyone in this period enjoyed the privileges that wealth can provide.
On the map above identify the following key areas during this time and
explain why they were important:
1. San Francisco/Angel Island
2. Chicago
3. New York/Ellis Island
? Created by Frisco ISD¡ªPermission granted to reproduce for educational purposes. Not intended for sale.
The Gilded Age
1877-1898
(includes Westward Expansion)
3A
1. From 1877-1898, the US experienced many political changes¡ªidentify the
changes below and explain why they were enacted:
Identify the following:
3B
Explain why these were enacted:
Indian policies
Laws about assimilation of the American
Indian
Organization of western territories.
Political Machines
Individuals and groups that ran local and
state governments.
Organization of neighborhoods in major
cities to control power.
Civil Service Reform
Changing the way people get government
positions.
Reform of the practice of rewarding political
supporters with government jobs.
Beginnings of Populism
New political movement.
Farmers in western states and territories
felt like they were being neglected and
mistreated by government and major
industries.
2. What led to the following economic changes during this time period and how did
they impact society?
What led to this?
How did this impact society?
Growth of Railroads ¡ª westward expansion. Faster and easier ¡ª improved
Necessary for the transportation of goods
communication
and people.
Farm issues ¡ª
Too many people growing the same crops
lowering the market value.
Populist Party reflects farmers desire to
eliminate gold standard.
The Cattle Industry Boom ¡ª Large amounts Meat packing industry of major urban cenof land for grazing.
ters such as Chicago. Conflict between
farmers and ranchers over grazing/fencing.
3B
1. What led to the following economic changes during this time period and how did
they impact society?
What led to this?
How did this impact society?
Industrialization
New Technology
Increase in immigration/work force
Urbanization ¡ª Growth of cities.
Growth of Labor Unions
No laws regulating workplace
conditions
Workplace regulations (minimum
wage/hours etc) during the
Progressive Era
Rise of Entrepreneurship
Free market economy with laissez
faire policies.
3B
2. What are the pros and cons of big business?
Pros of Big Business
3D
The ¡°American Dream¡±
Cons of Big Business
Leadership of individuals (Carnegie)
Monopolies and trusts
Provided jobs
Corruption
3. Why were immigrants optimistic about coming to America?
Liberty and opportunity
15C 4. What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? Nativist (anti-immigration) law
3C
3C
1. What social issues affected the following groups?
Women
Role/lack of opportunity
Minorities
Discrimination socially and economically
Children
Work in factories without regulation
Immigrants
Discrimination, unemployment, & homelessness
2. Define the following and explain their impact on social issues?
Definition
3C
Impact
Urbanization
Growing population of the cities Crowded cities
due to the rise of industries.
Social Gospel
Movement to improve urban liv- The Salvation Army, YMCA,
ing conditions based on biblical
and social Reformers such
ideals of charity.
as Jane Addams at Hull
House
3. The era of industrialization was a time when some individuals became extremely
wealthy. Some of these individuals used their wealth to help others. Identify examples:
Name of Individual
Example of Philanthropic Activities
Andrew Carnegie
¡°Gospel of Wealth¡± ¡ª helped publicize philanthropy
and built libraries across the United States.
John D. Rockefeller
Medicine and education ¡ª built hospitals and the
University of Chicago.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Medicine and education ¡ª built hospitals and
Vanderbilt University
15A 1. How did the Transcontinental Railroad affect the economy?
Allowed for the transportation of goods and services across the entire country.
Helped establish towns along the way
Improved speed of travel + communication.
2. How did the Transcontinental Railroad and the Homestead Act lead to the close of the
frontier?
Land was less open. The railroad needed specific land to work ¡ª towns developed
around it and people¡¯s farms. People didn¡¯t want cattle grazing on their property.
15B
3. Define the following and explain how they altered the relationship between the Federal
government and private business.
Definition
Sherman Anti Trust Act
Interstate Commerce Act
Relationship between federal
government and private
business.
Provided that businesses
could not illegally
combine businesses
that restrained trade.
Private business saw this as the
government abusing its power
by interfering with ¡°vertical integration¡±
First federal law to
regulate trade between
the states.
Reduced pressure on farmers
and small business owners
that were struggling to
compete against large
trusts.
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