PDF The Impact of Decentralization on Development: a Study on The ...
[Pages:215]THE IMPACT OF DECENTRALIZATION ON DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY ON THE PROVINCIAL
COUNCIL SYSTEM IN SRI LANKA
Thesis submitted to Meiji University in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Student No: 5311071005
ABEYSINGHE MUDIYANSELAGE NIROS CHAMINDA
Graduate School of Political Science and Economics Meiji University Tokyo
I
Dedication Dedicated to the memory of my late father
II
Acknowledgements
In the process of making this research a reality and a success, I was fortunate to have the support of several people and several sources. I feel it is my bounden duty to remember them here, and express my sincere gratitude to them all.
Although one's debt to one's teachers cannot be repaid, I wish to convey my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Yumi Hirikane, not only for her constant encouragement and invaluable guidance to make this work a success, but also for her deep understanding and sensitivity regarding the problems that can be faced by a foreign student.
I also extend my sincere gratitude to Professor Akira Nakamura, who guided me in the initial stages of the research project, and Professor Minamoto Yuriko, who helped me in many ways during my studies at Meiji University, as well as other Faculty staff for their unstinted help when called upon.
I am immensely thankful to Professor Y. M. Sunanada Madduma Bandara, former Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, who motivated me and helped me by providing necessary facilities to continue my study program. Moreover, I extend my gratitude to Professor Nimal Dangalla, Professor U. A. Chandrasena, Dr. Rakesh Batabbyal, Professor Mahalakshimi, a n d Mr. C. S. Ranasinghe, for their valuable insights, and Dr. Lalith Ananda, who assisted me in editing and providing necessary moral support to make the study a success. I am grateful to Professor Upali Hettiarchchi, Professor Prema Podimanike, Professor K. Karunathilake, Dr. W. M. Semasinghe, Mr. A. G. Amarasinghe, Mr. Oshantha Thalpawila, Mrs. Seetha Bandara, Dr. L. D. Sarath Vitharana, Mr. Nishan Sakalasooriya, Mr. Namal Balassoriya, Mr. Priyantha Mudalige, Mr. Senarathna, Ms. Sandya Gunasekera, and other colleagues in the Faculty of Social Sciences a t the University of Kelaniya for the support they extended. Apart from my faculty colleagues at Kelaniya University, my friends Padmasiri Dissanayeke and Mohmed Fazil helped me tremendously, and I deeply appreciate their support during my studies. Also, I wish to convey my heartiest thanks to Mr. Kulassooriya, Additional Secretary in the Planning and Provincial Education Department in Kurunegala, for his sincere cooperation.
While working on this thesis, I maintained a close association with my friends in Tokyo, Mr. Ogawa Jayawardene, Mr. Katsuyuki Tanaka, and my colleagues Mr.
III
Mizuzawa and Miss Suri, all of whom extended great moral support to me, and whom I can never forget. My gratitude also goes to my parents, and brothers, sister, brother-inlaw, and other relatives, for their tender care and encouragement. I am greatly indebted to my beloved wife Manju, for cheerfully tolerating many attendant inconveniences and rendering immeasurable support, and my two sons Akira and Lakira, who were always a source of inspiration to me. Finally, I express my indebtedness to my father, who was always with me during these studies, but unfortunately could not live to see the completion of this thesis.
IV
Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables List of Charts Abbreviations
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1
Background
1.2
Problem Statement
1.3
Objectives of the Study
1.4
Research Questions
1.5
Conceptual Framework
1.6
Research Methodology
1.7
Organization of the Thesis
Chapter Two
The Impacts of Decentralization: Theory and Practice
2.1
Introduction
2.2
Definition of Decentralization
2.3
Classification of Decentralization
2.4
Theoretical Background of Decentralization
2.5
Reasons for Decentralization Reforms
V
II-II III-IV V-IX X ?X XI-XII XIII-XV
01-14 01-04 04-06 06-07 07-07 07-09 09-13 13-14
15-37 15-15 15-17 17-19 19-22 22-22
2.5.1 2.5.2 2.6 2.7 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 2.7.4
2.8
Internal Causes External Causes Outcomes of Decentralization in Theory Outcomes of Decentralization in Practice Decentralization on Efficiency and Economic Growth Decentralization on Macroeconomic Stability Decentralization on Local Autonomy and Democracy Impact of Decentralization on Corruption, Accountability and Responsiveness Chapter Conclusions
23-24 24-26 26-28 28-28 29-30 30-31 31-33
34-36 36-37
Chapter Three
Decentralized Governance and Provincial Council System in Sri Lanka
3.1
Introduction
3.2 3.2.1
Post-Independent Political and Economic Perspectives on Devolved Governance Growing Inequity and Consequences
3.3 3.3.1
The Introduction of Provincial Council Reform and its Objectives Resolving Protracted Civil War by Democratic Power-Sharing
3.3.2 Mitigation of International Pressure
3.3.3 Achieving Balanced Regional Development
3.4
The Provincial Council System
3.4.1 3.4.2
Provincial Council, Chief Minister, Board of Ministers and Governor Power-Sharing
3.4.3 Central-Province Relations
3.4.4 Provincial Council Administration
3.4.5 Provincial Court (High Court)
3.4.6 Financial Devolution
38-77 38-39
39-46 46-48 48-49 49-50 50-52 52-52 52-53
53-55 56-57 58-59 59-62 62-62 63-65
VI
3.4.6.1 The Central Transfers
3.5
Problems and Concerns
3.5.1 Inadequacy of the Provincial Legal Framework
3.5.2 Excessive Dependence on Central Finance Sources
3.5.3 Lack of Capacity and Capability to Draft Statues
3.5.4 Central Control of Provincial Discretion
3.5.5 Parallel Administrations and Their Consequences
3.6
Chapter Conclusions
66-69 69-69 69-70 70-72 72-72 72-74 74-75 75-76
Chapter Four
Impact Evaluation of Decentralization on Development: Case Studies of the
Western and North-Western Provinces in Sri Lanka
4.1
Introduction
77-133 77-77
4.2
Selection of the Cases
77-79
4.3
Data Collection
79-80
4.4
Rationale for the Selection of the Proxy Functions
80-82
4.4.1 Peoples' Participation in Democratic Governance in Sri Lanka
82-82
4.4.2 The Education System in Sri Lanka
82-86
4.4.3 Road Development in Sri Lanka
86-88
4.5 4.5.1
Structural Changes in Democratic Governance, Education and Road Development Changes in Democratic Governance
88-88 88-92
4.5.2 Changes in Educational Administration
92-94
4.5.3 Changes in Road Development Administration
94-96
4.6 4.6.1
Impact of PC Reform on Peoples' Participation, Education and Road Development Impact of the PCs Reform on Peoples' Participation
96-96 97-102
4.6.2 Impact of the PCs Reform on Educational Development
102-108
VII
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