The Periodic Table: Families and Periods



The Periodic Table: Families and Periods

➢ Periodic table was organized by_____________ ____________________.

METALS (in general)

NON-METALS (in general)

METALLOIDS

➢ Vertical columns are called __________________. Families share similar chemical and physical properties.

➢ Horizontal rows are called ___________________. Each period represents an orbit or shell around the nucleus.

THE FAMILIES:

1. Alkali Metals

Column Name

|Li |_____________ |

|Na |_____________ |

|K |_____________ |

|Rb |_____________ |

|Cs |_____________ |

|Fr |_____________ |

2. Alkaline Earth Metals

Column Name

|Be |_____________ |

|Mg |_____________ |

|Ca |_____________ |

|Sr |_____________ |

|Ba |_____________ |

|Ra |_____________ |

3. Halogens

Column Name

|F |_____________ |

|Cl |_____________ |

|Br |_____________ |

|I |_____________ |

|At |_____________ |

4. Noble Gases

Column Name

|He |_____________ |

|Ne |_____________ |

|Ar |_____________ |

|Kr |_____________ |

|Xe |_____________ |

|Rn |_____________ |

5. Hydrogen

Periodic Table Practice

Use your periodic table to answer the following questions:

1. The vertical columns on the periodic table are called ________________________

2. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called ________________________

3. Most of the elements in the periodic table are classified as ______________________

4. The elements that touch the zigzag line are classified as ____________________

5. Elements in groups 3-12 have many useful properties and are called _________________________ _________________

6. Elements in this group are said to be “inert”, meaning unreactive _______________ ____________

7. The elements at the bottom of the table were pulled out to keep the table from becoming too long. Elements in the first period at the bottom are known as Lanthanides, while the elements in the second period at the bottom are known as Actinides.

Where do you think these names came from?

8. Explain why fluorine is the most reactive non-metal and why francium is the most reactive metal?

Explain why fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal and why cesium is the most reactive metal.

It's all about how easily they form ions and how stable those ions are.

Everything want the electron arrangement of a noble gas. To get that, fluorine needs to gain an electron. Because its nucleus is not shielded by layers of electrons and an additional one would be added near to the positive nucleus, it's easy for fluorine to get an extra one....easier for it than for any other non-metal.

With cesium, it's looking to shed an electron to achieve a noble gas configuration. Because it's one valence electron is so far from the positive nucleus and because of all the other shells of electrons shielding it, it's very easy for cesium to lose that electron; easier in fact than for any other metal except francium, which IS the most reactive metal.

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PROPERTIES OF METALS

All Metals are:

- good electrical and heat ____________________

- ___________________: can be beaten into thin sheets

- ___________________: can be stretched into wire

- ___________________ lustre (ie. Shiny)

- _______________ at room temperature

PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS

All Non-Metals are:

- gain or share valence electrons easily

- ___________ ___________________ of heat and electricity

- ____________________: breaks easily if solid

- ________________________: not easily stretched

- does not possess a metallic lustre

- all states at _____________ temperature

PROPERTIES OF METALLOIDS

Metalloids:

- act like ______________________ when they react with metals

- act like ___________________ when they react with non-metals

- have “semi-conductor” properties

The seven metalloids are: boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium.

What is special about metalloids and what does this make them useful for? They can carry an electrical charge, therefore they are useful in computers and calculators.

Things to know about Alkali Metals:

• Have ______ ________________in their outer shell.

• The single valence electron makes them the____________ reactive metals on the periodic table. Reactivity increases and you go down the list.

• So reactive with air and water they need to be stored in _________.

• Some properties of alkali metals are:

•

Things to know about Alkaline Earth Metals:

• Alkaline earth metals are ________ reactive than the alkali metals.

• They have ______ _____________ in their outer shell.

• Some properties of alkaline earth metals are:

•

Things to know about Halogens:

• They have _____ _______________ electron in their outer shell. This makes them the most ________________non-metals on the periodic table.

• Reactivity __________________ as you go down the column making __________________ the most reactive.

• Some properties of Halogens are:

•

Things to know about Noble Gases:

• The ____________ reactive elements on the periodic table. Under normal conditions, they will not react.

• They have a full _____________ ___________ , and are therefore very stable elements.

• No compounds with Noble Gases have been found in nature because they’re not very reactive.

• The most common noble gas is Argon which makes up 0.93% of the air we breathe.

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Things to know about Hydrogen:

• It can act as either a ______________(giving away an electron), or a ______________(receiving electrons)

• Has ______ electron in its outer shell. This makes hydrogen very reactive, therefore it is almost always found in the form of a compound

• Some properties of Hydrogen are:

- At room temperature, hydrogen is a gas - Extremely flammable, and makes a good fuel source.

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