Study Guide: Abiotic Factors
Study Guide: Abiotic Factors
Complete the sentence.
1. The regular exchange of elements between the living and nonliving parts of an
ecosystem is called a ____________________.
2. ____________________, ____________________, and nitrogen are found free or in compounds in water and air.
3. Phosphorus, ____________________, calcium, magnesium, and ____________________ are found in rocks.
On the blank write either T for true or F for false.
4. _____ Producers use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make organic compounds.
5. _____ Consumers do not take in carbon.
6. _____ During respiration, organisms release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere or water.
7. _____ When organisms die, the carbon compounds in their remains immediately change to
carbon dioxide and other chemicals.
8. _____ Carbon dioxide in the oceans never enters the atmosphere.
9. _____ Carbon dioxide is gradually disappearing from the atmosphere.
Fill in the blanks in the paragraph to describe the nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen gas makes up about 10. ______ percent of the atmosphere. Nitrogen gas must
be converted into other forms for 11. _______________ to use. Several processes convert
atmospheric nitrogen into usable nitrogen compounds. 12. _________________converts a small
amount of nitrogen. Most nitrogen is converted by 13. _______________ living in nodules on the
roots of 14. _______________. Nitrogen compounds enter plants and are used by the plants or
are passed through the 15. _____________________
When an organism 16. ____________________, the proteins in it are broken down by a
series of steps. Microscopic 17. ____________________ break down the proteins into
18.____________________, which are broken down further into 19. ____________________,
which is changed into nitrite ions. Then, the nitrite ions are converted into 20. ________________
ions by bacteria. Some nitrites dissolved in soil are taken up through plant roots to be used as 21.
____________________ source. Other nitrites are converted into 22. ____________________
and released into the atmosphere.
Underline the correct word or phrase to make the sentence true.
23. The phosphorus cycle consists of two unrelated/interconnecting/interrupted cycles.
24. Phosphates in rock and soil are taken up by plants/herbivores/decomposers.
25. Herbivores obtain phosphates from soil/animals/plants.
26. Phosphates reenter the soil/atmosphere/ecosystem form of plant and animal wastes.
27. Phosphates enter water systems through erosion or runoff from farmland and sewage and end up in the terrestrial food chains/oceans/animal wastes.
28. When marine organisms decompose, phosphorus binds with ocean water/plankton/sediments.
29. Phosphorus from the sea floor may be returned to land by the shifting of earth's crust/axis/winds.
Fill in the diagram of the water cycle below.
aquifer groundwater precipitation transpiration
evaporation lake runoff
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