THE INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW - Internet Society

THE INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW

Understanding the Issues and Challenges of a More Connected World

OCTOBER 2015 COLOUR PRINT VERSION

THE INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW

Understanding the Issues and Challenges of a More Connected World

Karen Rose, Scott Eldridge, Lyman Chapin

OCTOBER 2015 COLOUR PRINT VERSION

? 2015 The Internet Society (ISOC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/NonCommercial/ShareAlike 4.0 Unported license.

CONTENTS

Executive Summary................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................... 8

WHAT IS THE

INTERNET OF THINGS?

11

Origins, Drivers and Applications................................................................................ 12

Different Definitions, Similar Concepts.............................................................16

Internet of Things Communications Models..............................................18

Device-To-Device Communications

18

Device-To-Cloud Communications

19

Device-to-Gateway Model

20

Back-End Data-Sharing Model

22

Internet of Things Communications Models Summary

23

WHAT ISSUES ARE RAISED BY THE INTERNET OF THINGS? 27

Security Issues............................................................................................................................................. 31

The IoT Security Challenge

32

A Spectrum of Security Considerations

33

Unique Security Challenges of IoT Devices

34

IoT Security Questions

35

Privacy Considerations.................................................................................................................39

Internet of Things Privacy Background

40

Unique Privacy Aspects of Internet of Things

41

IoT Privacy Questions

42

2

Interoperability/ Standards Issues...........................................................................45

IoT Interoperability / Standards Background

46

Key Considerations and Challenges in IoT Interoperability / Standards

47

Interoperability Questions

50

Legal, Regulatory, and Rights Issues....................................................................53

Data Protection and Crossborder Data Flows

54

IoT Data Discrimination

55

IoT Devices as Aids to Law Enforcement and Public Safety

56

IoT Device Liability

57

Proliferation of IoT Devices Used in Legal Actions

58

Regulatory, Legal, and Rights Issues Summary

58

Emerging Economy and Development Issues.........................................61

Ensuring IoT Opportunities are Global

62

Economic and Development Opportunities

62

IoT Emerging Economy and Development Questions

64

CONCLUSION

67

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

71

Organizations and Alliances Working on the Internet of Things

72

Government Policy, Research, and Coordination Efforts

74

Notes and Acknowledgements

75

3

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