Psychology I



Psychology I

Final Study Guide

Identify and define.

Goals of Psychology

Central Nervous System

Neurotransmitters

Id

Ego

Superego

Conscious

Preconscious

Unconscious

Sigmund Freud

Six Modern Approaches to Psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

Afferent neurons

Efferent neurons

Interneuron

Nervous system

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Division

Parasympathetic Division

Brain

Forebrain

Midbrain

Hindbrain

Pons

Medulla

Cerebellum

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Limbic System

Hypothalamus

MRI

fMRI

PET

Split-Brain operation

Corpus callosum

Prenatal Period

Germinal Stage

Embryonic Stage

Fetal Stage

Placenta

Teratogens

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Developmental norms

Attachment

Secure attachment

Insecure attachment

Longitudinal research

Cross-Sectional research

Piaget’s Theory

Sensorimotor stage

Preoperational stage

Concrete stage

Formal stage

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

Oral stage

Anal stage

Phallic stage

Latency stage

Genital Stage

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

Trust vs. Mistrust

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Initiative vs. Guilt

Industry vs. Inferiority

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Integrity vs. Despair

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning

Pre-conventional Level

Conventional Level

Post-conventional Level

Different parts of the eye

Cornea

Pupil

Iris

Lens

Retina

Rods

Cones

Transduction

Different parts of the ear

Outer ear

External ear

Auditory canal

Tympanic membrane

Middle ear

Ossicles

Inner ear

Cochlea

Basilar membrane

Auditory nerve

Vestibular system

Semicircular canals

Four basic tastes

Taste buds

Flavor

Olfaction

Skin

Sensory adaptation

Absolute threshold

Just Noticeable Difference

Placebo effect

Pain

Gate control theory of pain

Changing from sensation to perception

Structuralists

Gestalt Psychologists

Organizational rules

Fugure ground

Similarity

Closure

Proximity

Simplicity

Continuity

Perceptual constancy

Size constancy

Shape constancy

Brightness and color constancy

Depth perception

Binocular cues

Monocular cues

Linear perspective

Relative size

Interposition

Light and shadow

Texture gradient

Atmospheric perspective

Motion parallax

Consciousness

Controlled Processes

Automatic Processes

Daydreaming

Altered States

Sleep and Dreams

Unconscious/Implicit Memory

Unconsciousness

Biological Clock

Circadian Rhythm

Stage 1 of Sleep

Stage 2 of Sleep

Stage 3 of Sleep

Stage 4 of Sleep

REM

Sleep Cycles

The Repair Theory

Adaptive Theory

Freud’s Dream Theory

Extensions of Waking Life

Activation Synthesis Theory

Spiritual World

Sleep Problems

Insomnia

Sleep Treatment

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

Night Terrors

Nightmares

Hypnosis

Classical Conditioning

Neutral stimulus

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Conditioned response (CR)

Operant Conditioning

Shaping

Reinforcement

Punishment

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Primary reinforcer

Secondary reinforcer

Positive punishment

Negative punishment

Social Cognitive Theory

Bobo Doll experiment

Learning process

Attention

Memory

Imitation

Motivation

Sensory Memory

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

Encoding

Memory Process

Iconic Memory

Echoic Memory

Limited Duration

Limited Capacity

Chunking

Rehearsing

Declarative Memory

Non-declarative Memory

Recall

Recognition

Network Theory

Network Hierarchy

Forgetting

Repression

Retrieval Cues

Amnesia

Interference

Mnemonic Methods

False Memories

Motivation

Instinct theory

Fixed Action Pattern

Drive-reduction theory

Need

Drive

Homeostasis

Incentive theory

Cognitive theory

Extrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic Motivation

Biological needs

Social Needs

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs (5 levels)

Hunger

Biological Hunger factors

Psychosocial Hunger factors

Genetic Hunger factors

Sexual Behavior

Genetic sex factors

Biological sex factors

Psychosocial sex factors

Emotion

James-Lang theory

Facial Feedback theory

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Affective-Primacy theory

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