The Genetic Code and DNA Replication

[Pages:18]Daily Agenda

Warm up- Study for your Quiz!!! The Genetic Code and DNA

Replication Notes Replication Coloring Sheet and

Practice Take DNA & RNA Quiz

1. What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases of DNA? Of RNA?

2. What is the difference in the molecular structure of DNA and RNA

3. Sketch a molecule of DNA and RNA

1. Label the location of the sugars and phosphates

2. Label the location of the nitrogenous bases

4. What is the difference between DNA, Gene, and Chromosome?

5. What is the complimentary strand of DNA for the following: AT G G C T A A C

THINK TIME

The Genetic Code

and DNA Replication

B-4.3 Explain how DNA functions as the code of life and the blueprint for proteins.

? Every organism uses the exact same building blocks!

? DNA, which comprises an organism's chromosomes, is considered the "code of life"

DNA = Code of Life

? Code of life = contains the code for each protein that an organism needs to survive

? Every cell in an organism's body contains a complete set of chromosomes

? The type of protein an organism makes is determined by the order of the nitrogenous bases

? Each 3 base pairs of DNA is called a "codon"

? Each codon "codes for" a particular amino acid ? "Codes For" = blueprint for a certain amino acid

*Remember: amino acids = monomer of proteins*

? A gene is a segment of DNA, made up of many codons, that codes for one particular protein.

? Proteins give organisms their unique traits

Determining Types of Proteins to Make

A Complete Set of Chromosomes

? Each somatic cell in an organism contains a complete set of chromosomes.

? Somatic Cell = body cells ? Sex Cell = sperm/egg cells

A Complete Set of Chromosomes

? Examples:

? humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes

? 46 Total Chromosomes

? dogs have 39 pairs of chromosomes

? 78 Total Chromosomes

? potatoes have 24 pairs of chromosomes

? 48 Total Chromosomes

? Organisms get 1 set of chromosomes from each parent

? Maternal Chromosomes = come from the mother ? Paternal Chromosomes = come from the father

"Most Chromosomes" award goes to...

? Adder's tongue fern at 1200 or 1260 chromosomes! (600 or 630 pairs)

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