Some Common Transition Words and Phrases



SENTENCE FLUENCY: Transition Words and Phrases

|Adding Information |Examples |

| | |

|in addition, |You must complete this essay by 5 p.m. In addition, you must do the exercises on page 47. |

|additionally, | |

| | |

|furthermore, |(Students should be on time; furthermore, they must be prepared. |

| | |

|moreover, |Cheating is dishonest. Moreover, it hinders students from learning. |

|Giving Examples |Examples |

| | |

|for example, |George is a compassionate character in the novella Of Mice and Men. For example, George said, ‘ “All the time he done bad |

| |things, but he never done one of ‘em mean”’ (Steinbeck 95). |

| | |

|for instance, |(Lennie is always causing trouble; for instance, he and George were run out of Weed because…. |

| | |

| |Ironically, after killing Lennie, George remained protective of his friend. In fact, in the end, George defended Lennie’s |

|in fact, |dignity by lying to the men about how Lennie died. |

| | |

| |Due in part to his disability, Lennie likes to pet soft objects; specifically, Lennie gains comfort by a “velvety” or “furry” |

|specifically, |touch. |

|Showing Contrast |Examples |

| |Although George and Lennie share loyal relationship, George often behaved like a babysitter instead of a friend because Lennie|

|Although….., |was mentally challenged. |

| | |

| | |

|however, ;however, |(George and Lennie share a loyal friendship; however, George is forced to behave more like a babysitter because of Lennie’s |

|,however, |disability. |

| | |

|on the other hand, | |

| |Lennie’s disability affects him negatively in many ways; for instance, he does not recognize his own strength, he is socially |

| |awkward, and he his reliant on George to survive. On the other hand, his character flaw has allowed him to savor a |

| |childlike-innocence that most adults lose throughout life. |

| | |

|instead, |(Lennie does not discriminate against Crooks; instead, the only judgments he makes are based on whether a person is kind or |

| |cruel. |

| | |

|in contrast, | |

| |George and Lennie protect each other as they travel from job to job. In contrast, Crooks, an aloof man, keeps his distance |

| |from other men. |

|Showing Similarity |Examples |

| | |

|likewise, |Lennie killed a mouse at the beginning of the book. Likewise, he later killed larger and larger prey, including his puppy and |

| |Curley’s wife. |

| | |

|similarly, |George and Lennie were run out of Weed because Lennie attacked a girl in the process of touching her dress. Similarly, Lennie|

| |attacked Curley’s wife in the |

| |barn after she invited him to feel her soft hair. |

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| | |

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|KEY: | |

| | |

| | |

| |( two complete sentences connected by a transition |

| | |

| |Transitional Phrase More than one T/TP |

| | |

| |introducing a Quote (citation) T/TP in middle of sentence |

|Showing a Result/Conclusion |Examples |

| | |

|as a result, | |

| |George contemplated what he should do after Lennie killed Curley’s wife. As a result, he formed a plan to find Lennie in the |

| |brush and shoot him. |

|therefore, | |

|thus, | |

| |(George did not want Lennie to suffer; therefore, he chose to kill Lennie himself. |

|hence, |; thus, |

| | |

| |(When George saw Curley’s dead wife, he immediately recognized Lennie killed her; hence, George said, ‘ “ I should of knew. I |

| |guess maybe way back in my head I did” ’ (Steinbeck 94). |

|consequently, | |

| |George knew Lennie would suffer at the hands of nature, the hands of Curley and his men, or at the hands of the authorities. |

| |George, consequently, chose to most comforting manner he could. |

Punctuation Rules

1. Transitional Words and Phrases:

( Place a comma after transitional words/phrases if they are at the beginning of a sentence.

example: I like to travel. Specifically, I enjoy places with old cathedrals.

( When combining two complete sentences: use a semicolon before the transition and a comma after the transition. (

example: I like to travel; specifically, I enjoy places with old cathedrals.

( Place a comma before AND after a transitional word/phrase in the middle of a sentence.

example: I , specifically, enjoy visiting places with old cathedrals when I travel.

2. Conjunctions: For And Nor But Or Yet So

( Place a comma before these conjunctions when connecting two complete sentences.

(comma before conjuction)

example: The movie has already started, but my friend has not arrived yet.

(AVOID using FANBOYS at the beginning of a sentence in more formal writing.

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CONVENTIONS: Punctuation

1. Transitional Words and Phrases:

( Place a comma after transitional words/phrases if they are at the beginning of a sentence.

example: I like to travel. Specifically, I enjoy places with old cathedrals.

( When combining two complete sentences: use a semicolon before the transition and a comma after the transition. (

example: I like to travel; specifically, I enjoy places with old cathedrals.

( Place a comma before AND after a transitional word/phrase in the middle of a sentence.

example: I , specifically, enjoy visiting places with old cathedrals when I travel.

2. Conjunctions: For And Nor But Or Yet So

( Place a comma before these conjunctions when connecting two complete sentences.

(comma before conjuction)

example: The movie has already started, but my friend has not arrived yet.

(AVOID using FANBOYS at the beginning of a sentence in more formal writing.

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