Central Bucks School District / Homepage



World War II and Early Cold War District

Skills Assessment Review Guide

1) (a) According to the following cartoons, explain how much of Americans may have viewed the threat that Europe’s

fighting posed to the U.S. (b) Does the cartoonist appear to agree or disagree with that point of view? Explain.

(c)What is it called when you want your nation to stay out of foreign affairs?

[pic] [pic] [pic]

2. (a) How do the following events and douments help to explain how and why the U.S. moved away from neutrality towards

intervention/involvement in WWII? (b) According to this, what might have caused Japan to attack the U.S. at Pearl

Harbor?

August 1935 - Neutrality Act (excerpt from):

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That upon the outbreak or during the progress of war between, or among, two or more foreign states, the President shall proclaim such fact, and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export arms, ammunition, or implements of war from any place in the United States, or possessions of the United States, to any port of such belligerent states, or to any neutral port for transshipment to, or for the use of, a belligerent country.

October 1935 – March 1940 - July 1940 – December 1941

Italian Invasion of Ethiopia Lend-Lease Act passed U.S. Embargo against Japan Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

[pic] [pic]

December 8, 1941

F.D.R.’s “Day of Infamy Speech”

3. Place the following statements regarding the interment of Japanese-Americans through Executive Order 9066 in the

correct column. Each statement has been given a letter.

[pic]

(A) The Fifth Amendment of the Constitution states: No person shall…be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law….

(B) Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution gives the President the power as commander in chief of the military. Commanding the military

includes issuing orders as necessary to help the military carry out its duties to protect the nation.

(C) The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution states: No State shall…deny to any person within its Jurisdiction [area of control] the equal

protection of the laws.

(D) German Americans and Italian Americans were treated differently from the Japanese during World War II; they were not gathered up en

masse (as a whole) without hearing or evidence as the Japanese were.

(E) No Japanese or Japanese American had been accused of or convicted for espionage or sabotage in the months between the attack on Pearl

Harbor and the beginning of internment.

(F) Approximately 5,000 American citizens of Japanese ancestry refused to swear unqualified allegiance [devotion] to the United States and to

renounce (give up) allegiance (support) to the Japanese Emperor.

4. (a) Study the CHART “A”, as well as the images to the right. Focus upon the positives and negatives experienced by each group as a result

of the war.

(b) True or False: Women and blacks were completely equal right after the war.

CHART “A”

[pic]

c) Describe the U.S. and British bombing strategies at the start of the war versus the end of the war. (d) How does this play a role in causing the situation that is shown in the pie charts (shown to the right)?

CHART “B”

|British & American Bombing |At the Start of WWII |By the End of WWII |

|Strategy | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|Description of | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|Reason(s) for | | |

[pic]

5. Place the following statements in the correct colunm regarding the arguments for and against using the atomic bombs.

Each statement has been given a letter.

[pic]

(a) The Japanese had demonstrated near-fanatical resistance, fighting to almost the last man on Pacific islands, committing mass suicide on Saipan and unleashing kamikaze attacks at Okinawa. Fire-bombing had killed 100,000 in Tokyo with no discernible political effect. Only the atomic bomb could jolt Japan's leadership to surrender.

(b) Japan was ready to call it quits anyway. More than 60 of its cities had been destroyed by conventional bombing, the home islands were being blockaded by the American Navy, and the Soviet Union entered the war by attacking Japanese troops in Manchuria.

(c) The bomb's use impressed the Soviet Union and halted the war quickly enough that the USSR did not demand joint occupation of Japan.

(d) An invasion of Japan would have caused casualties on both sides that could easily have exceeded the toll at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

(e) American refusal to modify its "unconditional surrender" demand to allow the Japanese to keep their emperor needlessly prolonged Japan's resistance.

(f) A demonstration explosion over Tokyo harbor would have convinced Japan's leaders to quit without killing many people.

(g) Even if Hiroshima was necessary, the U.S. did not give enough time for word to filter out of its devastation before bombing Nagasaki.

(h) The two targeted cities would have been firebombed anyway.

(i) The bomb was used partly to justify the $2 billion spent on its development.

(j) Immediate use of the bomb convinced the world of its horror and prevented future use when nuclear stockpiles were far larger.

(k) The two cities were of limited military value. Civilians outnumbered troops in Hiroshima five or six to one.

QUESTION: HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THE U.S.’ USE OF THE ATOMIC BOMB AGAINST JAPAN? WAS IT NECESSARY? JUSTIFIED? MORAL?

6. Using the following documents, (A) explain why the U.S. and U.S.S.R. were allies during WWII. (b) Then explain how the

ending of WWII affected the relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Cite a specific example/event from

class to support your claims.

U.S. – U.S.S.R. (Soviet) Alliance, (1941-45):

“Although relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had been strained in the years before World War II, the U.S.-Soviet

alliance of 1941–1945 was marked by a great degree of cooperation and was essential to securing the defeat of Nazi Germany.

Without the remarkable efforts of the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front, the United States and Great Britain would have been hard

pressed to score a decisive military victory over Nazi Germany.”



U.S. and the Soviet Union at the end (and immediately after) the war:

“Although relations with the Soviet Union were already strained, Roosevelt’s death and the beginning of Truman’s presidency brought new tensions to the relationship. Russia’s traditional paranoia led to the establishment of a communist satellite buffer zone around the USSR. The spread of communism into Asian and South American countries fueled anti-communist feelings in the United States and added to the pressure for increased buildup of defensive (military) forces.” ()

[pic][pic][pic]

7. The contents of George Kennan’s “Long Telegram” expressed the concept of “containment”, which became the basis of U.S. foregin policy for the next several decades.

For TWO of the following events/concepts, provide a brief description of the event’s/concept’s background, and then explain how it connects to the concept of “containment”.

- Berlin Airlift - Korean War - Marshall Plan

- Turkey and Greece - Chinese Civil War - NATO

8. Based upon your prior knowledge and the documents below, explain how McCarthyism affected Americans and

American society.

Note: The sheet of torn paper says

“Bill of Rights”. He is stepping

on the Constitution.

[pic] [pic] [pic]

9. Take the following descriptions and place them in the appropriate column.

- capitalist - autocratic/dictatorship

- total censorship - freedom of the media

-“survival of the fittest” - communist

- richest world power - democratic

- no elections or “fixed/rigged” elections - society controlled by secret police

- personal freedom - poor economic base

- everybody helps everybody - free elections

U.S. Soviet Union

-----------------------

“Yesterday, December 7th, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”

“Our whole program of aid for the democracies has been based on hardheaded concern for our own security and for the safe civilized world in which we live. Every dollar of material we send keeps the dictators away from our own hemisphere. Every day they are held off gives us time to build more guns and tanks and planes and ships."

- Franklin D. Roosevelt

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download