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Chapter 16 The Dynamic Ocean Chapter Test

Multiple Choice

Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on

the line provided.

1. What causes ocean surface currents?

a. gravitational attraction

b. friction between the ocean and wind on its surface

c. ocean movements associated with earthquakes

d. changes in water density

2. Currents affect climate by

a. making ocean water evaporate.

b. transferring heat and cold between the tropics and

polar regions.

c. changing the density of water in the tropics.

d. transferring heat from the polar regions to the tropics.

3. What is the importance of upwelling?

a. It brings warm water from the tropics to the poles.

b. It decreases winds along exposed coastlines.

c. It helps warm the North Atlantic gyre.

d. It brings dissolved nutrients to the ocean’s surface.

4. A decrease in seawater temperature or an increase in salinity

causes

a. upwelling along tropical coasts.

b. an increase in seawater density.

c. the circulation of ocean gyres.

d. a decrease in seawater density.

5. What causes density currents to form in the

Mediterranean Sea?

a. condensation

b. evaporation

c. transpiration

d. upwelling

6. Most ocean waves get their energy from

a. the sun.

b. plate movement.

c. the moon’s gravitational attraction.

d. the wind.

7. Which of the following factors does NOT help determine

the height, length, and period of a wave?

a. wind speed

b. fetch

c. temperature

d. how long the wind blows

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8. When waves grow so tall that they topple over, they form

ocean breakers called

a. whitecaps.

b. fetch.

c. tsunamis.

d. crests.

9. Energy moves through waves in a(n)

a. convection current.

b. circular motion.

c. oscillating motion.

d. straight line.

10. What is the vertical distance between a trough and a crest?

a. wave height

b. wavelength

c. wave speed

d. wave period

11. The force that produces tides is

a. gravity.

b. friction.

c. centripetal force.

d. acceleration.

12. Ocean tides result largely from the gravitational attraction of the

a. sun.

b. core of Earth.

c. closest neighboring planets.

d. moon.

13. Which processes carve shoreline features?

a. erosion and abrasion

b. transportation and condensation

c. deposition and sedimentation

d. abrasion and evaporation

14. How does refraction cause wave crests to move when the

waves approach the shore?

a. at right angles to the shore

b. about 80 degrees in relation to the shore

c. nearly parallel to the shoreline

d. about 45 degrees in relation to the shore

15. Longshore currents move sediment as they

a. move parallel to the shore.

b. run along the ocean bottom.

c. pound against coastal headlands.

d. flow in circular patterns in ocean basins.

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16. Longshore currents form because

a. beaches absorb waves and backwash in some areas

of the coast.

b. waves hit the coast at an angle and form currents in

the surf zone.

c. backwash leaves the shore with more energy than

incoming swash.

d. eroded material from the shoreline deflects currents

parallel to the shore.

17. Which of the following is NOT a depositional shoreline

feature?

a. wave-cut platform

b. spit

c. tombolo

d. barrier island

18. Where do baymouth bars form across bays?

a. where there is no longshore current nearby

b. where strong currents move in and out daily

c. where sea stacks stand on both sides of the entrance

d. where currents are weak

19. Barrier islands form as the direct result of

a. erosion.

b. precipitation.

c. deposition.

d. abrasion.

20. What is a structure built parallel to the shore that shields the

coast from breaking waves?

a. groin

b. seawall

c. wave barrier

d. tombolo

Completion

Complete each statement on the line provided.

1. Ocean surface currents are major horizontal movements of surface

water related to the general circulation pattern of the

.

2. The ocean’s circulation is organized into five major

, or current systems, that move in circles

within ocean basins.

3. The rising of cold water from deep layers of the ocean to replace

warmer surface water is .

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4. The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current bring

water north from the tropics and

help moderate the climate of Great Britain and northwestern

.

5. The tops of waves are their , which are

separated by low areas called .

6. The distance the wind has traveled across open water is

.

7. As a wave nears the shore, its

characteristics begin to change when

the water depth is half of its

.

8. The tidal is

the difference in height between

successive high and low tides.

Use Figure 1 to answer the following

two questions.

9. Interpreting Graphics Diagram A

shows a(n)

tide.

10. Diagram B shows a(n)

tide.

11. The accumulation of sediment found

along the shore of a lake or an ocean

is a(n) .

12. The scouring and grinding action

of rock fragments in ocean water,

called , causes

coastal erosion.

13. Wave refraction is the

of waves.

14. Longshore currents can

move sediment because of .

15. A(n) is a ridge of sand that connects an

island to the mainland or another island.

16. A(n) is a structure built at right angles to

the shore to trap sand moving parallel to the shore to maintain

beaches.

17. Beach is the addition of large amounts

of sand to a beach system to stabilize shoreline sands without

building protective structures.

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Short Answer

In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.

1. Explain what the Coriolis effect is and how it affects ocean currents.

2. How do surface winds and the Coriolis effect produce coastal upwelling?

3. Explain how deep cold-water currents move and how they affect climate.

4. Inferring Why would it be useful for fishers to locate areas of

coastal upwelling?

5. Describe the creation of deepwater currents at high latitudes due

to density changes.

6. Explain how the “conveyor belt” model of ocean circulation moves

warm surface currents and cool deepwater currents through the ocean.

7. Comparing and Contrasting Contrast wavelength and wave period.

8. Drawing Conclusions If the wind speed and length of time the

wind blows is the same over two bodies of water, could the size

of waves on the two bodies of water differ? Explain your answer.

9. Applying Concepts Explain why most places on Earth have two

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Use Figure 2 to answer the following three questions.

10. Interpreting Graphics What does the

pattern of waves show?

11. Interpreting Graphics In what area is the

greatest amount of wave strength concentrated?

12. Applying Concepts How did the beach in this

area of coast form?

13. Describe the formation of a sea stack.

14. Explain one way that a barrier island can form.

Essay

In complete sentences, write the answer to the question on the lines provided.

1. Earth as a System There is a beach between two headlands.

People have built oceanfront homes on the headlands. In an effort

to protect the headlands from erosion, they had a seawall built in

front of each headland. The sea walls do not extend in front of the

beach. Will the seawalls protect the beach as well as the headlands

from the interaction between waves and shore? Explain.

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Figure 2

Figure 1

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