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How does high blood pressure increase my risk for developing dementia?

Your brain consists of 13 to 19 billion brain cells that require a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients. Any health problem that disrupts the supply of essential nutrients to the brain may damage or kill brain cells. A rich network of blood vessels exists in the brain to assure a proper flow of blood. A stroke occurs when blockage of a big or small blood vessel stops the flow of essential nutrients and kills brain tissue.

Untreated or unrecognized high blood pressure in middle life (between the ages of 40 and 65) may increase the risk for losing intellectual function in later life. High blood pressure damages the brain by: 1) damaging the heart that pumps blood to the brain, 2) damaging blood vessels in the brain, and 3) producing bleeding in the brain. Measurement of blood pressure produces two numbers -- the systolic or top number and diastolic or bottom number, for example, a normal systolic/diastolic is 120/70. A normal systolic number (top number) should not exceed 140, and the diastolic number (bottom number) should be less than 90, for example 130/85.

Increased blood pressure can increase the work of the heart and causes heart damage. A damaged heart cannot pump properly and provide adequate nutrients to the brain. Untreated high blood pressure damages blood vessels in the brain, causing them to leak or become blocked. Thousands of tiny leaks or blockages can damage a great deal of brain tissue adjacent to the vessels. Blood vessels weakened by high blood pressure in the brain can burst and produce bleeding directly into the brain tissue and a stroke. Most brain damage cannot be seen with the naked eye or with brain scans. This damage can be identified at death by examining the brain with a microscope.

The risk for brain damage produced by chronic or severe high blood pressure can be reduced through medications. Antihypertensive treatment includes medications for high blood pressure that can protect blood vessels in the body and the brain with relatively few side effects to the patient. Diet and exercise also help lower blood pressure.

High blood pressure is a serious and sometimes dangerous threat to your brain function and your intellect. You and your doctor must work hard to keep your blood pressure completely into the normal range for your entire life. Medication can make your blood pressure normal, as well as protect the heart and blood vessels that are essential to proper brain function. CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION – 2513.11

PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTECTING BLOOD VESSELS IN YOUR BRAIN

1. Get your blood pressure checked every 4 to 6 months over age 40.

2. Talk with your doctor about high blood pressure.

3. Control your weight and diet.

4. If you have high blood pressure, take your medicine as prescribed by your doctor.

5. Regular exercise and weight reduction may help lower blood pressure.

6. People of African American heritage have a higher risk for high blood pressure and heart disease.

7. Exercise at least four times per week.

8. Talk with your doctor if your blood pressure medicine causes side effects, like dizziness, fatigue or problems with sex.

9. Follow your doctor’s recommendations if you have a heart condition that requires other medicines like blood thinners, or drugs that control heart beats.

10. Always talk with your doctor before you stop or reduce your heart medicine.

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