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Take Home Final Exam Spring 10 Name: ________________________
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For multiple choice and true false questions put your answers on your scantron
For essay questions please write your answer on the exam.
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Please return your copy of the exam during the last day of class.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Jan's decision to stay home from school because she thinks everyone will notice a pimple she has recently discovered on her chin serves as an excellent example of
|a. |an imaginary audience. |
|b. |role confusion. |
|c. |a personal fable. |
|d. |hypothetical-deductive thinking. |
2. Sally and Dan are quick to express affection toward their son, Zach, and accept most all of his behavior. In fact, Zach has never once been punished. Sally and Dan are exhibiting an ____ style of parenting.
|a. |authoritative |
|b. |authoritarian |
|c. |indifferent-uninvolved |
|d. |indulgent-permissive |
3. When we say that the self concept has become more differentiated, what does that mean?
|a. |The adolescent has placed self descriptors into a small number of categories |
|b. |That self and self esteem have become separated |
|c. |That more categories have been added to one's self description |
|d. |None of the above |
4. Mature thinkers tend to
|a. |view personal experience as the most critical element in decision making. |
|b. |view rules as absolute. |
|c. |integrate emotion and logic in decisions making. |
|d. |realize that tolerance and ambiguity have no place in decision making. |
5. Baby Michael plays in his crib, his parents overhear him making repetitive sounds such as "babababa" and "dadadada." The repeating of is called:
|a. |cooing |
|b. |echolalia |
|c. |babbling |
|d. |Inotation |
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6. When asked how she makes moral judgments, 15-year-old Fawn says, "I do what my dad, Oliver, says is right." Fawn's comments indicate that she is in the ____ level of moral thinking.
|a. |preconventional |
|b. |conventional |
|c. |postconventional |
|d. |unconventional |
7. When Seuss is asked what she wants to do with her life, she says "My parents really want me to be a doctor, so I'm going to be a doctor." In doing so, Seuss is exhibiting Marcia's ____ type of identity status.
|a. |diffusion |
|b. |moratorium |
|c. |foreclosure |
|d. |achievement |
8. Which of the following could be considered a turning point in development?
|a. |Psychological moratorium |
|b. |Self-exploration |
|c. |Identity crisis |
|d. |Identity diffusion |
9. Jerry is upset because his partner, Dean, just broke up with him. When his parents attempt to console Jerry, he tells them, "It's no use, you couldn't possibly know how I feel. No one knows how I feel!" Jerry's statement is an example of
|a. |an imaginary audience. |
|b. |a personal fable. |
|c. |moratorium. |
|d. |learned helplessness. |
10. Which statement concerning singlehood, marriage, and sex differences in the United States is true?
|a. |Males feel more societal pressure to marry. |
|b. |Males marry at a later age. |
|c. |Females seldom have unresolved feelings about remaining single. |
|d. |Females tend to "marry down" to males with lower social and educational status. |
11. The drop in self-esteem often found when children first enter middle school appears to be due to
|a. |the acquisition of concrete operational thinking. |
|b. |peer comparisons. |
|c. |changes in ethnic identity. |
|d. |the illusion of invulnerability. |
12. Al and Peg are a typical American couple who have cohabitated for many years. If they later marry each other, they are likely to be ____ than other married couples that did not cohabitate.
|a. |less at risk for divorce |
|b. |wealthier |
|c. |more religious |
|d. |less happy |
13. Dick and Wendy want their children to work hard. They have rules and expect their children to obey them without question. Dick and Wendy are most likely
|a. |indifferent-uninvolved parents. |
|b. |authoritarian parents. |
|c. |authoritative parents. |
|d. |indulgent over-permissive parents. |
14. Erickson called adolescent exploration with different roles, attitudes, and beliefs:
|a. |Social development |
|b. |Psychological moratorium |
|c. |Self-experimentation |
|d. |Adolescent assessment |
15. Which best describes the typical response to body image during puberty?
|a. |Females worry more about appearance, but males are more dissatisfied with their appearance. |
|b. |Males worry more about appearance, but females are more dissatisfied with their appearance. |
|c. |Males worry more about appearance and are more dissatisfied with their appearance. |
|d. |Females worry more about appearance and are more dissatisfied with their appearance. |
16. Two year old Sam has a limited vocabulary which consists mostly of like "book" "dog" and "hat" Apparently Sam
|a. |Has a referential style |
|b. |Is non symbolic |
|c. |Has an expressive style |
|d. |Is unable to use phonemes when speaking |
17. Maria adjusts her rate of sucking in order to hear a recording of "The Cat in the Hat," a story her mother read aloud during pregnancy. What does this illustrate?
|a. |imitation |
|b. |memory |
|c. |object permanence |
|d. |deferred imitation |
18. Which belief about marriage is true?
|a. |In most marriages, having a child decreases marital satisfaction for both spouses. |
|b. |Husbands usually make more lifestyle adjustments in marriage than do wives. |
|c. |The best single predictor of marital satisfaction is the quality of the couple's sex life. |
|d. |For most couples, maintaining romantic love is the key to marital happiness over the life span. |
19. Juliet can feel it! She wants Romeo physically, and she wants him badly! Juliet is most likely experiencing
|a. |intimacy. |
|b. |passion. |
|c. |commitment. |
|d. |companionate love. |
20. After exploring a number of career options, Antonio chooses to become an accountant. According to Marcia, what level of identity status is Antonio exhibiting?
|a. |diffusion |
|b. |moratorium |
|c. |foreclosure |
|d. |achievement |
21. While Victor and Victoria have very strong feelings for each other, they have little interest in intimacy or commitment. This type of relationship would best be described as
|a. |infatuation |
|b. |friendship |
|c. |Consummate love |
|d. |intimacy. |
22. Abby is 16, and Andy is 5. Both exhibit egocentrism. How is this egocentrism most likely to differ between them?
|a. |Andy is going to exhibit more self-interest. |
|b. |Abby has reached achievement in most all areas. |
|c. |Abby knows that other people have different perspectives than her own. |
|d. |Andy is more likely to exhibit the illusion of vulnerability. |
23. Which best describes the relationship between gay and lesbian relationships versus heterosexual relationships?
|a. |Homosexual couples are more likely to argue over former lovers. |
|b. |Lesbian couples tend to be significantly less egalitarian. |
|c. |Heterosexual couples are more likely to share household chore responsibilities. |
|d. |Heterosexual couples are more likely to argue over social and political issues. |
24. A sex difference during puberty involves the fact that
|a. |muscle development tends to be more pronounced in females. |
|b. |body fat levels tend to be more pronounced in females. |
|c. |lung capacity tends to increase more in females. |
|d. |heart capacity tends to increase more in females. |
25. Which statement concerning children and marital satisfaction is true?
|a. |Couples with children show a decline in marital satisfaction while those without children show an increase. |
|b. |Couples who are child-free due to infertility tend to have high levels of marital satisfaction. |
|c. |African American couples tend to show little increased conflict due to the birth of a child. |
|d. |The birth of a child is usually viewed as a positive event even though it is associated with a decrease in marital |
| |satisfaction. |
26. Brita is a junior interested in majoring in English literature, philosophy, biotechnology, or European history. While she likes all of these majors, she is not sure which one to focus on. According to Marcia, Brita would best be classified as being in the ____ level of identity status concerning a collegiate major.
|a. |diffusion |
|b. |foreclosure |
|c. |moratorium |
|d. |achievement |
27. The concept of attraction-similarity hypothesis is that mate selection is based primarily on
|a. |similarity. |
|b. |instincts. |
|c. |random factors. |
|d. |love. |
28. Crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence as s
|a. |putting together a puzzle is to learning to garden. |
|b. |a quiz is to an exam. |
|c. |childhood is to adulthood. |
|d. |math is to language. |
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29. Which of the following factors seems to be most involved in change in the average age of menarche that has been seen in many industrialized nations over the past 150 years?
|a. |parenting skills |
|b. |nutrition |
|c. |education |
|d. |genetics |
30. Which of the following involves the use of symbols?
|a. |Preoperational thought |
|b. |Use of language |
|c. |Pretend play |
|d. |All of the above |
31. The fact that fine motor skill development lags behind that of gross motor skills represents:
|a. |Differentiation in development |
|b. |Proxomodistal development |
|c. |Cephalocaudal development |
|d. |Reaction range in development |
32. When considering the issue of euthanasia, Wendell says, "I know that killing is wrong, but I believe that compassion is sometimes more important than the law." This statement suggests that Wendell is thinking at Kohlberg's ____ level.
|a. |preconventional |
|b. |conventional |
|c. |postconventional |
|d. |unconventional |
33. Which of the following represents "bodily-kinesthetic" intelligence?
|a. |Piano playing |
|b. |Awareness of one's internal self |
|c. |Dancing |
|d. |Abilty to relate to others |
34. In the Victor Hugo story Les Misérables, a character named Valjean steals a loaf of bread to feed a starving child. How would psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg describe this act?
|a. |Kohlberg would not be surprised because he saw humans as morally corrupt. |
|b. |Kohlberg would argue that the act of theft is not in and of itself immoral, depending on the rationale for the theft. |
|c. |Kohlberg would have expected the theft if the child was Valjean's but not if the child belonged to someone else. |
|d. |Kohlberg would have expected the theft but only if Valjean was operating at the lowest level of moral reasoning. |
35. Ford is considering driving his car onto a lake that appears to be frozen but may not be safe. He thinks to himself, "Only dummies fall through the ice in their cars and I am no dummy, so I will drive on the ice even though I am not sure it's safe." Ford's decision best exemplifies the concept of
|a. |an imaginary audience. |
|b. |a personal fable. |
|c. |an illusion of invulnerability. |
|d. |learned helplessness. |
36. On which issue would you be most likely to find the biggest difference in reasoning ability between a middle-age adult and an adolescent?
|a. |whether two sports should be added to the Olympics |
|b. |whether a new tax law should be instituted in Chile |
|c. |determining the colors of a mythical country's flag |
|d. |determining the criteria and penalties for date rape |
37. When would Erickson say is the stage in life when the biggest challenge is committing to another in a loving relationship?
|a. |adolescence |
|b. |middle childhood |
|c. |Middle adulthood |
|d. |Young adulthood |
38. Which event defines spermarche?
|a. |the production of sperm |
|b. |the ejaculation of sperm |
|c. |the original meiosis of sperm |
|d. |the implantation of sperm into an egg |
39. Which is true of singles?
|a. |They have more freedom & flexibility |
|b. |They feel less of a sense of security |
|c. |They have less satisfaction dating |
|d. |all of the above |
40. When is self esteem its lowest during adolescence?
|a. |Age 12-13 |
|b. |Age 14-15 |
|c. |Age 16-17 |
|d. |Age 18-19 |
41. Dr. Jones tells his students that "it is best to describe infants as being born with minds like empty blackboards, and that whatever experiences they have will be written on the board and will influence their actions." Dr. Jones appears to be a(n):
|a. |Psychodynamic theorist |
|b. |Behaviorist |
|c. |Cognitive-developmental theorist |
|d. |Information-processing theorist |
42. Which best describes the relationship between parenting styles and children's temperaments?
|a. |Parenting styles cause temperaments. |
|b. |Parenting styles may develop as the result of temperament. |
|c. |Temperaments develop as the result of parenting styles. |
|d. |Temperament and parenting styles are unrelated. |
43. When discussing his new girlfriend, Mickey says, "I can tell her everything about myself." Mickey clearly feels ____ toward his girlfriend.
|a. |commitment |
|b. |passion |
|c. |infatuation |
|d. |Intimacy |
44. Dr. Zappa is asking you how you might respond to being stranded on a desert island with limited supplies. Later, she has you attempt complex mazes, and asks you to decipher a number of analogies. Dr. Zappa is most likely assessing your
|a. |number. |
|b. |plasticity. |
|c. |fluid intelligence. |
|d. |crystallized intelligence. |
45. Tom is considering driving to his friends house, despite a snow storm and warnings about black ice. Tom heads out saying to himself " only idiots stay home in snow storms! I know how to drive in snow, and I will be able to tell if the car is approaching black ice! Tom's decision is an example of the concept of:
|a. |Imaginary audience |
|b. |Personal fable |
|c. |Illusion of Invulnerability |
|d. |Learned helplessness |
46. Concrete Thinking involves_________ while hypothetical thinking involves_________.
|a. |Who; when |
|b. |What is; what might be |
|c. |Where; why |
|d. |Why; when |
47. When Ki-Jana asks his parents if he can buy a car, his parents say no but sit down and explain to him the reasoning behind their decision. His parents express affection toward him and tell him that they may consider the matter at some later time. Which parenting style best describes Ki-Jana's parents?
|a. |authoritarian |
|b. |indulgent-permissive |
|c. |indifferent-uninvolved |
|d. |authoritative |
48. Toni and Tim have just gotten married. Which component of love is most likely to be stronger 20 years from now than it is today?
|a. |commitment |
|b. |passion |
|c. |intimacy |
|d. |infatuation |
49. Though Matthew never gets in trouble at school, he does not feel very good about himself, has difficulty making friends, and doesn't do as well as he probably could in school. Matthew's parents are most likely
|a. |authoritarian. |
|b. |indifferent-uninvolved. |
|c. |authoritative. |
|d. |indulgent-permissive. |
50. From whom would you expect the biggest gains in height and weight over the next three years?
|a. |Ginger, who is two years old |
|b. |Grant, who is six years old |
|c. |Tina, who is 11 years old |
|d. |Louise, who is 14 years old |
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51. Fluid intelligence consist of abilities that
|a. |allow for more flexible and adaptive thinking. |
|b. |are acquired throughout the life span. |
|c. |are considered primary mental abilities but not secondary mental abilities. |
|d. |include verbal skills but not inductive or abstract thinking. |
52. Webster loves playing any game in which he can show off the large vocabulary that he has acquired. A competent psychologist would suggest that this skill provides the best example of
|a. |crystallized intelligence. |
|b. |postconventional thought. |
|c. |fluid intelligence. |
|d. |preconventional thought. |
53. Hao has one allele for curly hair and another for straight hair. Hao's alleles are
|a. |polyzygotic |
|b. |dizygotic |
|c. |homozygous |
|d. |heterozygous |
54. During a conservation of water problem, Jose recognizes that a change in the height of the water is compensated for by a change in its width. This example demonstrates that Jack is capable of
|a. |class inclusion |
|b. |transitive interference |
|c. |seriation |
|d. |decentration |
55. Which statement is true regarding make-believe?
|a. |Children make-believe the same things in all cultures. |
|b. |It is a sign of emotional disturbance. |
|c. |It seems to promote cognitive development. |
|d. |It always involves imaginary companions. |
56. One-year-old Mathieu is afraid of the dog because he saw his father react with fear to the same dog. Which term best explains why Mathieu is afraid?
|a. |stranger wariness |
|b. |social referencing |
|c. |complex emotions |
|d. |avoidant attachment |
57. Piaget used the term ____ to describe the process by which new experiences are easily incorporated into existing schemes.
|a. |accommodation |
|b. |scaffolding |
|c. |assimilation |
|d. |Secondary |
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58. Preoperational thinker Pedro has edged his way close to the top rim of the Grand Canyon. His mother then asks him, "What do you think someone at the bottom of the canyon looking up at top you would see?" Given the egocentric nature of his thought, Pedro's most likely response would be
|a. |"the sky." |
|b. |"the same thing I see." |
|c. |"a bunch of little people looking down at me." |
|d. |"I have no idea." |
59. When Cathy was given a huge salary increase she was able to buy things for her children that they had always needed and move into a bigger home. Brofenbrenner would state that this increase in the mothers salary is an example of the impact of the children's ___________;
|a. |exosystem |
|b. |mesosystem |
|c. |macrosystem |
|d. |microsystem |
60. Object permanence refers to
|a. |an understanding that changes in shape do not change the object |
|b. |a realization that objects can look different but still be the same |
|c. |a recognition that things exist that cannot be seen |
|d. |none of the above |
|e. |all of the above |
61. Han was thrown out of his home when he was 15 years old. He has been living on the street for the past 3 years. Han comes to a continuation school to completed his GED. He takes a standardized intelligence test to see what he knows, and he does not do well. Knowing about alternative measures of intelligence, you realized that he has survived on the street because he can adapt to the demands of street life. H would probably score high in which intelligence?
|a. |analytical |
|b. |creative |
|c. |practical |
|d. |associative |
62. Conservation requires
|a. |the ability to reverse one’s thinking |
|b. |concrete operational thinking |
|c. |the ability to focus on 2 or more aspects of a situation at once |
|d. |all of the above |
63. Which reflects a basic ability available only to a formal operational thinker?
|a. |"Realistically speaking ..." |
|b. |"Hypothetically speaking ..." |
|c. |"Speaking from experience, I ..." |
|d. |"Speaking on behalf of others, I ..." |
64. If intelligence is “competence,” achievement is:
|a. |performance |
|b. |genetic ability |
|c. |environment |
|d. |learning ability |
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65. Based on a study that finds that self-esteem is negatively correlated with college grades, which person would you predict would have the highest grades?
|a. |Michael, who has very high self-esteem |
|b. |Jayden, who has average self esteem |
|c. |Jamal, who has very low self-esteem |
|d. |It's impossible to predict because a negative correlations means these two variables are unrelated. |
66. Monozygotic is to dizygotic as
|a. |one mother is to two mothers. |
|b. |one egg is to two eggs. |
|c. |dominant is to recessive. |
|d. |heterozygous is to homozygous. |
67. If tallness is dominant and designated as "T" and shortness is recessive and designated as "s," who would likely be short?
|a. |Bing, who is "sT" |
|b. |Crosby, who is "Ts" |
|c. |Danny, who is "ss" |
|d. |Kay, who is "TT" |
68. Which is not an Apgar factor?
|a. |size |
|b. |color |
|c. |respiration |
|d. |muscle tone |
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69. You are being placed on a large piece of glass with a checkerboard-patterned platform underneath it. Your mother walks to the other side of this platform and calls for you to crawl to her. Many years later you will discover that this was all part of an experiment to test your
|a. |visual acuity. |
|b. |ability to recognize your mother. |
|c. |motor development. |
|d. |depth perception. |
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70. Mia and her doctor need to know as quickly as possible whether the child she has been carrying for only 9 weeks possesses any genetic abnormalities. Which technique is Mia's doctor most likely to employ?
|a. |chorionic villus sampling |
|b. |ultrasound |
|c. |amniocentesis |
|d. |genetic counseling |
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71. You are doing a study to determine whether smoking nicotine prior to taking a psychology test effects performance on that test. What is the independent variable in your study?
|a. |the psychology test |
|b. |the participants in your study |
|c. |smoking nicotine |
|d. |it depends on where the study is conducted |
72. Which type of variable is manipulated by an experimenter?
|a. |dependent |
|b. |independent |
|c. |confounding |
|d. |extraneous |
73. Patti studies the behavior of preschool children by watching them play at a local day-care center. While doing this, she is careful to find a spot where she will be completely unnoticed by the individuals she is observing. Patti is most likely using a ____ approach to studying the children.
|a. |structured observation |
|b. |correlational |
|c. |self-report |
|d. |naturalistic observation |
74. A developing human being that is traveling from a fallopian tube to the uterus would most accurately be described as a(n)
|a. |embryo. |
|b. |fetus. |
|c. |zygote. |
|d. |amnion. |
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75. Which correlation coefficient value indicates the strongest relationship?
|a. |-.23 |
|b. |.57 |
|c. |.15 |
|d. |-.82 |
76. If Agnieszka found out that she was conceived through artificial insemination, she would know for certain that
|a. |she was conceived in a petri dish. |
|b. |she was conceived inside a fallopian tube. |
|c. |her biological parents were not the same as the parents who reared her. |
|d. |the woman who carried her as a baby was not the woman who reared her. |
77. Benoit is interested in studying the effects of various biological forces on human development. Which of these topics is probably of least interest to him?
|a. |cognition |
|b. |brain maturation |
|c. |menopause |
|d. |exercise |
78. Caleb is 4 months old. If he is like others his age, when he grasps a rattle, he will grasp it with
|a. |his fingers and thumb. |
|b. |his thumb only. |
|c. |his fingers only. |
|d. |one finger from each hand. |
79. When asked to explain why children sometimes act violently, Dr. Zylar responds, "Generally speaking, these children are driven by forces that are mostly unconscious." It is most likely that Dr. Zylar would be a proponent of ____ theory.
|a. |psychodynamic |
|b. |social cognitive |
|c. |ecological |
|d. |cognitive-developmental |
80. Currently, the earliest "age of viability" starts around ____ weeks after conception.
|a. |14 |
|b. |22 |
|c. |30 |
|d. |38 |
81. Synaptic pruning refers to
|a. |the facilitation of neuronal activity. |
|b. |the downsizing of neuronal connections. |
|c. |the measurement of neuronal activity in the brain. |
|d. |the structures that connect the two hemispheres of the brain. |
82. Homozygous is to heterozygous as
|a. |same is to different. |
|b. |recessive is to dominant. |
|c. |genotype is to phenotype. |
|d. |many is to few. |
83. If you were going to check for the Babinski reflex in a newborn, which part of the newborn's body would you be observing?
|a. |eyes |
|b. |arms |
|c. |mouth |
84. Sternberg's triarchic theory helps explain why
|a. |out of school, practical forms of intelligence are vital for life success |
|b. |a lengthy process of education is required to transform inborn abilities into mature intelligence |
|c. |children with severe impairments in language and communication sometimes show remarkable numerical and spatial|
| |skills |
|D. |traditional intelligence tests often overestimate mental abilities of many children |
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True False
Please answer T (A) if the answer true and F(B) it is false
85. A child will use their arms to drag their torso along(creep) before they will get up on their hands and knees to move about(crawl).
86. Babbling is the first communicative sound an infant makes.
87. Our genotype is our genetic instructions combined with environmental influences.
88. The correct order of prenatal development is zygote to embryo to fetus.
89. Women tends to marry later and stay single longer.
Poor and less educated married couples tend to experience the highest levels of marital satisfaction.
90. This has been your favorite class at Chaffey College. (you better mark "true!) (
The Essay Question is on the next page
Name: ___________________________
Essay Question:
Please answer the following question in detail (10 points)
Why do they call breast milk the perfect "fast food?"
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