Exam 2 Study guide



NUFS 106A Exam 1 Study Guide

Nutrition Basics:

In general, it is assumed that general and basic nutrition information and guidelines have been learned prior to this class. Therefore, it is the discretion of the instructor to test on that material. Here are a few topics you will want to know.

What are the 6 classes of nutrients and each of their general role/functions in the body?

Understand the term nutrient density and how to apply it when making food choices.

Know the difference between essential and non-essential nutrients. Which nutrients are essential?

Understand what the DRIs are. What is the RDA? How are they determined? Who’s needs do they meet? What is the AI? When is it established? What are the AMDRs for each macronutrient?

Know the number of kcals stored in a gram of protein, fat and CHO. Be able to convert kcals to grams and vice versa.

Understand MyPlate. How many food groups are there? What are the key nutrients provided by each group? What are the key messages from MyPlate?

What determines the number of servings a person needs from the food groups?

Review the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans and role of each for good health.

Know the principles of the Food Exchange System and how the Exchange System is used.

Know the definition of malnutrition, antioxidants, enrichment/fortification and metabolism.

What are some of the cautions for people taking supplements? Why?

What factors should be considered when trying to make the decision to use a dietary supplements?

Be able to estimate content of a meal or snack: for example: how many grams of protein are in a snack consisting of 1 ounces of meat, ½ cup of lettuce & tomato, a fruit yogurt and 1 slice of wheat bread?

How many calories and grams of carbohydrate in a snack of 2 cups of salad (= 2 servings of vegetables), a bagel (equal to 4 grain servings) and an orange?

Preconception:

Know the health status and behaviors of women that will promote fertility or decrease the risk of infertility.

Know the health status and behaviors of men that will promote fertility or decrease the risk of infertility.

Which vitamin and mineral supplements are warranted during pregnancy planning and why?

Understand the role of hormones discussed in class and which ones promote and inhibit fertility.

In general, what do the current Nutrition Objectives focus on as they relate to preconception? Hint: 4 areas of focus.

How does acute and chronic undernutrition disrupt fertility in men and women?

How does over fatness disrupt fertility in men and women? Know a bit about metabolic syndrome and its impact on fertility.

How does exercise affect fertility in men and women?

Describe in general terms how iron, zinc, folate, ETOH, and caffeine effect fertility/fetal health.

Why is it important to address health and lifestyle concerns before becoming pregnant?

Pregnancy:

List the time frames for the trimesters, full term, preterm, very preterm.

Know, in chronological order, the names used to describe phases of growth after conception: embryo…

What does infant mortality mean and why is it monitored?

What is normal birth weight and why is it measured?

Explain the relationship of maternal weight gain and fetal health.

How does a woman’s body change with embryo and fetal growth? What changes occur through the ~40 weeks? (Blood volume, blood glucose, food intake, GI tract, metabolism)

Why is pregnancy described as a diabetogenic state?

Describe why “the fetus is not a parasite.”

What is the role of the placenta?

Describe SGA, dSGA, pSGA & LGA. What does each of these indicate about fetal growth and development and maternal nutrition?

If a woman conceives at a healthy body weight, what is considered a normal weight gain range? At BMI greater than 30, normal weight gain?

What is the relationship of maternal weight gain to fetal weight gain? How & why are the rates of weight gain different?

What physical activities can a pregnant woman do?

What are the additional maternal energy, CHO, protein & fluid requirements?

Explain why vegans may have difficulty meeting all their pregnancy nutrient needs. Which nutrients must vegans pay particular attention to?

Know the role of the following nutrients during pregnancy: omega-3 FA, folate/folic acid, vitamins A & D, calcium, iron & fiber.

What are key elements of a healthy pregnancy diet? Give some examples of what is not a healthy pregnancy diet?

Which women are labeled “high risk” for pregnancy? What are the underlying issues that compound the stress of pregnancy or that pregnancy compounds?

Obesity and gestational diabetes (GD) causes many complications. List some complications to the mother and the fetus/baby.

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