10.05.03-Notes 8.1
Name ___________________ Period _____
Chapters 8 & 9 Notes: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
Words to Know: energy, autotrophs, heterotrophs, ATP, pigment, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, light dependent reactions, cellular respiration, aerobic, anaerobic, alcoholic fermentation
Energy & Life
energy: The ability to do _______________________.
• Can be stored in _________________________________.
• Cells need energy to do things like _______________________, _______________________, _______________________, and producing and storing proteins.
autotrophs: Organisms that _______________________ their own food.
AKA:
ex:
heterotrophs: Organisms that _______________________ energy from the food that they eat.
AKA:
ex:
ATP (adenosine triphosphate): The main energy _______________________ compound for living things.
ADP (adenosine diphosphate):
• When a cell has extra energy, it stores it by adding a _______________________ to ADP, making _______________________.
• To release the energy, the bond is _______________________, converting _______________________ back to ADP.
[pic]
Photosynthesis: An Overview
Light & Pigment
• White light is actually a mixture of different _______________________ of light. (sun)
• Pigments: light _______________________ molecules that gather the sun’s energy.
← The plant’s principle _______________________ is chlorophyll.
• Energy absorbed by chlorophyll is transferred directly to _______________________ in the chlorophyll molecule. These electrons help photosynthesis work.
So why are leaves green?
• Look at the wavelengths of light that chlorophyll absorbs & uses in photosynthesis.
• The colors that are left are _______________________back and that is what you see. (green)
Photosynthesis: An Overview
• The process that captures light energy and uses it to make carbohydrates (glucose)
[pic]
| | |
| | |
| | |
|Where does it take Place? | |
|In the _____________________. In plan leaf cells. | |
2 Parts:
← Light dependent reactions
← Light independent reactions (AKA dark reactions or the Calvin Cycle)
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis (and Environmental Science)
• Temperature
← Best between _______________________ Impacts:_______________________________________
• Light intensity
← A _______________________ intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis until a maximum rate is reached. Impacts:__________________________________________________________________
• Water
o A shortage can _______________________ photosynthesis. (Impacts:_______________
____________________________________
• CO2
← A higher intensity ________________ the rate of photosynthesis until a maximum rate is reached. Impacts:____________________
Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Cellular Respiration
• Releases energy (ATP) by breaking down ____________________ in the presence of ____________________.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----------> 6H2O + 6CO2
calorie: The amount of ____________________ needed to raise 1g of H2O 1° C.
• When burned, 1g of glucose releases ____________________ calories of heat energy.
• Food labels show Calories (=____________________ calories). (kcal)
The Process of Cellular Respiration
|Three parts: |[pic] |
|Glycolysis | |
| | |
|Kreb’s cycle | |
| | |
|Electron Transport Chain | |
Glycolysis
Where? The ____________________
Kreb’s Cycle
Where? The ____________________
Electron Transport Chain
Where? The ____________________
Aerobic & Anaerobic Reactions
• When O2 is present & all of cellular respiration occurs, ____________________are made from 1 C6H12O6.
← Aerobic: reactions that require ____________________
← When there is no O2, only ____________________occurs & less energy comes from 1 C6H12O6. (about 2 ATPS)
← Anaerobic: reactions that ____________________need oxygen (glycolysis). Stored energy runs out and this leads to fermentation.
Fermentation: Allows ____________________ to continue by converting energy into a usable form.
← Anaerobic
← Two types:
← ____________________ fermentation (fruit, ethanol, bread, some fish)
Pyruvic acid + NADH -> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
← ____________________fermentation (exercise)
Pyruvic acid + NADH -> lactic acid + NAD+
[pic]
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